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Zhang X, Fang C, Cheng Y, Li M, Liu J. Fine extraction of cellulose from corn straw and the application for eco-friendly packaging films enhanced with polyvinyl alcohol. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131984. [PMID: 38692552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Biomass materials substituting for petroleum-based polymers occupy an important position in achieving sustainable development. Cellulose, a typical biomass material, stands out as the primary choice for producing eco-friendly packaging materials. However, it is still a challenge to efficiently utilize cellulose from waste biomass materials in practice. Herein, cellulose-based films were prepared by pretreating waste corn straw, separating straw husk, straw pith and straw leaf, and extracting cellulose through alkali and sodium chlorite treatment to improve its mechanical properties using the cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) method in this work. The prepared composite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction instrument (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric (TG) and mechanical properties. The results indicated that corn straw husk exhibited the highest cellulose content of 31.67 wt%, and obtained husk cellulose had the highest crystallinity of 52.5 %. Compared to corn straw, the crystallinity of husk cellulose, pith cellulose and leaf cellulose increased by 19.5 %, 16.4 % and 44.1 %, respectively. Husk cellulose/PVA composite films were the most thermally stable, with a maximum weight loss temperature of 346.8 °C. In addition, the husk cellulose/PVA composite film had the best tensile strength of 37 MPa. Meanwhile, the composite films had good UV shielding, low water vapor transmission rate and biodegradability. Therefore, this work provides a fine utilization route of waste corn straw, and as-prepared cellulose based films have potential application in eco-friendly packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Changqing Fang
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China; Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China.
| | - Youliang Cheng
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China.
| | - Mengyao Li
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
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Huang X, Ye M, Yuan L, Liu Y. Enhanced silage pretreatment improving the biochemical methane potential of Miscanthus sinensis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:34698-34708. [PMID: 36515874 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The choice of silage additives is an important factor for the storage of silage. One standard ensiling method and two enhanced ensiling methods (using natural silage, silage with mixed lactic acid bacteria, and silage with acetic acid, respectively) were carried out on Miscanthus sinensis. To determine the effects of these different methods, the biochemical methane potential (BMP) was determined. The results revealed that ensiling with acetic acid was the best method among the three ensiling methods. Acetic acid could quickly reduce the pH of the system to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria. The rate of loss of dry matter was 0.92% when acetic acid was added, and the cumulative methane production was 149.6 mL·g-1 volatile solids. From an analysis of correlations between the properties and BMP of silage, the contents of acetic acid and total volatile fatty acids were significantly correlated with the BMP. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the BMP of M. sinensis and achieving better effects of silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiying Ye
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingli Yuan
- Hangzhou Energy and Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Tran MH, Lee B, Lee H, Brigljević B, Lee EY, Lim H. Sustainable biopolyol production via solvothermal liquefaction silvergrass saccharification residue: Experimental, economic, and environmental approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157668. [PMID: 35907550 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the rising environmental concern, sustainable chemistry should be accomplished by considering technical, economic, and environmental factors that guarantee the successful implementation of new alternative products. Hence, we performed the integrated techno-economic and life cycle assessment for two-step solvothermal liquefaction (two-pot synthesis) and simplified solvothermal liquefaction (one-pot synthesis) based on experiment results. Based on the itemized cost estimation, the unit biopolyol production costs obtained from the two-pot synthesis and one-pot synthesis were 10.0 $ kg-1 and 2.89 $ kg-1, respectively. To provide techno-economic guidelines for biopolyol production, profitability analysis, and uncertainty analysis were used to identify the economic feasibility of the proposed processes. In addition, the life cycle assessment results indicated that biopolyol production via the two-pot synthesis leads to a slightly lower greenhouse gas emission compared with the one-pot synthesis, which further required the use of an analytic hierarchy process to determine the best process for biopolyol production depending on the different weight points in the economic and environmental aspects. From these results, we can provide the technical performance, economic feasibility, and environmental impact of lab-scale biopolyol production from silvergrass residue, a low-cost waste of biomass saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Ha Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Boreum Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Hyunjun Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Boris Brigljević
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hankwon Lim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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Rivas S, Santos V, Parajó JC. Effects of Hydrothermal Processing on Miscanthus × giganteus Polysaccharides: A Kinetic Assessment. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4732. [PMID: 36365725 PMCID: PMC9657454 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Miscanthus × giganteus samples were characterized for composition and treated with hot compressed water (hydrothermal or autohydrolysis treatments) at temperatures in the range of 190-240 °C. The liquid phases from treatments were analyzed to assess the breakdown of susceptible polysaccharides into a scope of soluble intermediates and reaction products. The experimental concentration profiles determined for the target compounds (monosaccharides, higher saccharides, acetic acid and sugar-decomposition products) were interpreted using a pseudohomogeneous kinetic mechanism involving 27 reactions, which were governed by kinetic coefficients showing an Arrhenius-type temperature dependence. The corresponding activation energies were calculated and compared with data from the literature. The kinetic equations allowed a quantitative assessment of the experimental results, providing key information for process simulation and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rivas
- Faculty of Science, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- CINBIO, University of Vigo (Campus Lagoas-Marcosende), 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Valentín Santos
- Faculty of Science, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- CINBIO, University of Vigo (Campus Lagoas-Marcosende), 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Parajó
- Faculty of Science, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- CINBIO, University of Vigo (Campus Lagoas-Marcosende), 36310 Vigo, Spain
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Gismatulina YA, Budaeva VV, Kortusov AN, Kashcheyeva EI, Gladysheva EK, Mironova GF, Skiba EA, Shavyrkina NA, Korchagina AA, Zolotukhin VN, Sakovich GV. Evaluation of Chemical Composition of Miscanthus × giganteus Raised in Different Climate Regions in Russia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2791. [PMID: 36297815 PMCID: PMC9610854 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is of great interest as an alternative energy resource because it offers a range of merits. Miscanthus × giganteus is a lignocellulosic feedstock of special interest, as it combines a high biomass productivity with a low environmental impact, including CO2 emission control. The chemical composition of lignocellulose determines the application potential for efficient industrial processing. Here, we compiled a sample collection of Miscanthus × giganteus that had been cultivated in different climate regions between 2019 and 2021. The chemical composition was quantified by the conventional wet methods. The findings were compared with each other and with the known data. Starting as soon as the first vegetation year, Miscanthus was shown to feature the following chemical composition: 43.2-55.5% cellulose content, 17.1-25.1% acid-insoluble lignin content, 17.9-22.9% pentosan content, 0.90-2.95% ash content, and 0.3-1.2% extractives. The habitat and the surrounding environment were discovered herein to affect the chemical composition of Miscanthus. The stem part of Miscanthus was found to be richer in cellulose than the leaf (48.4-54.9% vs. 47.2-48.9%, respectively), regardless of the planation age and habitat. The obtained findings broaden the investigative geography of the chemical composition of Miscanthus and corroborate the high value of Miscanthus for industrial conversion thereof into cellulosic products worldwide.
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Lan K, Xu Y, Kim H, Ham C, Kelley SS, Park S. Techno-economic analysis of producing xylo-oligosaccharides and cellulose microfibers from lignocellulosic biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125726. [PMID: 34426244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the economic performance of a biorefinery producing xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from miscanthus by autohydrolysis and purification based on a rigorous model developed in ASPEN Plus. Varied biorefinery capacities (50-250 oven dry metric ton (ODMT)/day) and three XOS content levels (80%, 90%, 95%) are analyzed. The XOS minimum selling price (XOS MSP) is varied between $3,430-$7,500, $4,030-$8,970, and $4,840-$10,640 per metric ton (MT) for 80%, 90%, and 95% content, respectively. The results show that increasing biorefinery capacity can significantly reduce the XOS MSP and higher purity leads to higher XOS MSP due to less yield, and higher capital and operating costs. This study also explores another system configuration to produce high-value byproducts, cellulose microfiber, by utilizing the cellulose to produce microfiber instead of combusting for energy recovery. The XOS MSP of cellulose microfiber case is $2,460-$7,040/MT and thus exhibits potential economic benefits over the other cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lan
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Yiling Xu
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Hoyong Kim
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Choonghyun Ham
- Starch & Sweetener R&D Center, Daesang Corporation, Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 17384, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen S Kelley
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sunkyu Park
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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7
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Exploring the Bioethanol Production Potential of Miscanthus Cultivars. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11219949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Miscanthus is a fast-growing perennial grass that attracts significant attention for its potential application as a feedstock for bioethanol production. This report explores the difference in the lignocellulosic composition of various Miscanthus cultivars, including Miscanthus × giganteus cultivated at the same location (mainly Lincoln, UK). It also assesses the sugar release profiles and mineral composition profiles of five Miscanthus cultivars harvested over a growing period from November 2018 to February 2019. The results showed that Miscanthus × giganteus contains approximately 45.5% cellulose, 29.2% hemicellulose and 23.8% lignin (dry weight, w/w). Other cultivars of Miscanthus also contain high quantities of carbohydrates (cellulose 41.1–46.0%, hemicellulose 24.3–32.6% and lignin 21.4–24.9%). Pre-treatment of Miscanthus using dilute acid followed by enzymatic hydrolysis released 63.7–80.2% of the theoretical glucose content. Fermentation of a hydrolysate of Miscanthus × giganteus using Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC2592 produced 13.58 ± 1.11 g/L of ethanol from 35.13 ± 0.46 g/L of glucose, corresponding to a yield of 0.148 g/g dry weight Miscanthus biomass. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of raw and hydrolysed Miscanthus samples, which provided visual proof of Miscanthus lignocellulose degradation in these processes. The sugar release profile showed that a consequence of Miscanthus plant growth is an increase in difficulty in releasing monosaccharides from the biomass. The potassium, magnesium, sodium, sulphur and phosphorus contents in various Miscanthus cultivars were analysed. The results revealed that these elements were slowly lost from the plants during the latter part of the growing season, for a specific cultivar, until February 2019.
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Intasian P, Prakinee K, Phintha A, Trisrivirat D, Weeranoppanant N, Wongnate T, Chaiyen P. Enzymes, In Vivo Biocatalysis, and Metabolic Engineering for Enabling a Circular Economy and Sustainability. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10367-10451. [PMID: 34228428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the industrial revolution, the rapid growth and development of global industries have depended largely upon the utilization of coal-derived chemicals, and more recently, the utilization of petroleum-based chemicals. These developments have followed a linear economy model (produce, consume, and dispose). As the world is facing a serious threat from the climate change crisis, a more sustainable solution for manufacturing, i.e., circular economy in which waste from the same or different industries can be used as feedstocks or resources for production offers an attractive industrial/business model. In nature, biological systems, i.e., microorganisms routinely use their enzymes and metabolic pathways to convert organic and inorganic wastes to synthesize biochemicals and energy required for their growth. Therefore, an understanding of how selected enzymes convert biobased feedstocks into special (bio)chemicals serves as an important basis from which to build on for applications in biocatalysis, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology to enable biobased processes that are greener and cleaner for the environment. This review article highlights the current state of knowledge regarding the enzymatic reactions used in converting biobased wastes (lignocellulosic biomass, sugar, phenolic acid, triglyceride, fatty acid, and glycerol) and greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) into value-added products and discusses the current progress made in their metabolic engineering. The commercial aspects and life cycle assessment of products from enzymatic and metabolic engineering are also discussed. Continued development in the field of metabolic engineering would offer diversified solutions which are sustainable and renewable for manufacturing valuable chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattarawan Intasian
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Kridsadakorn Prakinee
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Aisaraphon Phintha
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Duangthip Trisrivirat
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Nopphon Weeranoppanant
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, 169, Long-hard Bangsaen, Saensook, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Wongnate
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
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da Costa RMF, Winters A, Hauck B, Martín D, Bosch M, Simister R, Gomez LD, Batista de Carvalho LAE, Canhoto JM. Biorefining Potential of Wild-Grown Arundo donax, Cortaderia selloana and Phragmites australis and the Feasibility of White-Rot Fungi-Mediated Pretreatments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:679966. [PMID: 34276732 PMCID: PMC8283202 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.679966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Arundo donax, Cortaderia selloana and Phragmites australis are high-biomass-producing perennial Poalean species that grow abundantly and spontaneously in warm temperate regions, such as in Mediterranean-type climates, like those of Southern Europe, Western United States coastal areas, or in regions of South America, South Africa and Australia. Given their vigorous and spontaneous growth, biomass from the studied grasses often accumulates excessively in unmanaged agro-forestry areas. Nonetheless, this also creates the demand and opportunity for the valorisation of these biomass sources, particularly their cell wall polymers, for biorefining applications. By contrast, a related crop, Miscanthus × giganteus, is a perennial grass that has been extensively studied for lignocellulosic biomass production, as it can grow on low-input agricultural systems in colder climates. In this study Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) and lignin content determinations were used for a comparative compositional characterisation of A. donax, C. selloana and P. australis harvested from the wild, in relation to a trial field-grown M. × giganteus high-yielding genotype. A high-throughput saccharification assay showed relatively high sugar release values from the wild-grown grasses, even with a 0.1M NaOH mild alkali pretreatment. In addition to this alkaline pretreatment, biomass was treated with white-rot fungi (WRF), which preferentially degrade lignin more readily than holocellulose. Three fungal species were used: Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor. Our results showed that neutral sugar contents are not significantly altered, while some lignin is lost during the pretreatments. Furthermore, sugar release upon enzymatic saccharification was enhanced, and this was dependent on the plant biomass and fungal species used in the treatment. To maximise the potential for lignocellulose valorisation, the liquid fractions from the pretreatments were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography - photodiode array detection - electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS n ). This study is one of the first to report on the composition of WRF-treated grass biomass, while assessing the potential relevance of breakdown products released during the treatments, beyond more traditional sugar-for-energy applications. Ultimately, we expect that our data will help promote the valorisation of unused biomass resources, create economic value, while contributing to the implementation of sustainable biorefining systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo M. F. da Costa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Winters
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Hauck
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Martín
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Simister
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo D. Gomez
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jorge M. Canhoto
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Tsalagkas D, Börcsök Z, Pásztory Z, Gogate P, Csóka L. Assessment of the papermaking potential of processed Miscanthus × giganteus stalks using alkaline pre-treatment and hydrodynamic cavitation for delignification. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 72:105462. [PMID: 33476967 PMCID: PMC7816010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One way of satisfying increased market demand and simultaneously achieving a reduced environmental load in the industrial paper production is the use of fibrous agricultural residues. The aims of this study were i) to investigate the effect of alkaline - hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) pre-treatments on the delignification of Miscanthus × giganteus stalks (MGS) and ii) establishing the suitability of MGS as feedstock and their exploitation in pulp and paper manufacturing. It was demonstrated that the proposed treatment is an efficient delignification method for the non-wood fiber sources, such as miscanthus. A significant outcome of this work was the observation that HC treatment preserved the fibres lengths and surface quality of raw MGS, but at the same time increased the amount of kinked and curled fibers present in cavitated miscanthus fibers. The average miscanthus fiber length was found to be relatively short at 0.45 (±0.28) mm, while the slenderness ratio, the flexibility coefficient and Runkel ratio values were calculated to be 28.13, 38.16 and 1.62, respectively. The estimated physical properties of MGS pulp hand-sheets were 24.88 (±3.09) N m g-1 as the tensile index, 0.92 (±0.06) kPa m2 g-1 as the burst index and 4.0 (±0.37) mN m2 g-1 as the tear index. Overall the current work demonstrated effective use of hydrodynamic cavitation for improving the processing in pulp and paper manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsalagkas
- Innovation Center, University of Sopron, 4 Bajcsy Zs., 9400 Sopron, Hungary; Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, Brno 61300, Czech Republic.
| | - Zoltán Börcsök
- Innovation Center, University of Sopron, 4 Bajcsy Zs., 9400 Sopron, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Pásztory
- Innovation Center, University of Sopron, 4 Bajcsy Zs., 9400 Sopron, Hungary
| | - Parag Gogate
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Levente Csóka
- Institute of Cellulose and Paper Technology, Celltech-paper Ltd., 9400 Sopron, Hungary
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11
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Breeding Targets to Improve Biomass Quality in Miscanthus. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020254. [PMID: 33419100 PMCID: PMC7825460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic crops are attractive bioresources for energy and chemicals production within a sustainable, carbon circular society. Miscanthus is one of the perennial grasses that exhibits great potential as a dedicated feedstock for conversion to biobased products in integrated biorefineries. The current biorefinery strategies are primarily focused on polysaccharide valorization and require severe pretreatments to overcome the lignin barrier. The need for such pretreatments represents an economic burden and impacts the overall sustainability of the biorefinery. Hence, increasing its efficiency has been a topic of great interest. Inversely, though pretreatment will remain an essential step, there is room to reduce its severity by optimizing the biomass composition rendering it more exploitable. Extensive studies have examined the miscanthus cell wall structures in great detail, and pinpointed those components that affect biomass digestibility under various pretreatments. Although lignin content has been identified as the most important factor limiting cell wall deconstruction, the effect of polysaccharides and interaction between the different constituents play an important role as well. The natural variation that is available within different miscanthus species and increased understanding of biosynthetic cell wall pathways have specified the potential to create novel accessions with improved digestibility through breeding or genetic modification. This review discusses the contribution of the main cell wall components on biomass degradation in relation to hydrothermal, dilute acid and alkaline pretreatments. Furthermore, traits worth advancing through breeding will be discussed in light of past, present and future breeding efforts.
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12
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Bergs M, Do XT, Rumpf J, Kusch P, Monakhova Y, Konow C, Völkering G, Pude R, Schulze M. Comparing chemical composition and lignin structure of Miscanthus x giganteus and Miscanthus nagara harvested in autumn and spring and separated into stems and leaves. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10740-10751. [PMID: 35492943 PMCID: PMC9050404 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10576j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Miscanthus crops possess very attractive properties such as high photosynthesis yield and carbon fixation rate. Because of these properties, it is currently considered for use in second-generation biorefineries. Here we analyze the differences in chemical composition between M. x giganteus, a commonly studied Miscanthus genotype, and M. nagara, which is relatively understudied but has useful properties such as increased frost resistance and higher stem stability. Samples of M. x giganteus (Gig35) and M. nagara (NagG10) have been separated by plant portion (leaves and stems) in order to isolate the corresponding lignins. The organosolv process was used for biomass pulping (80% ethanol solution, 170 °C, 15 bar). Biomass composition and lignin structure analysis were performed using composition analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and pyrolysis gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to determine the 3D structure of the isolated lignins, monolignol ratio and most abundant linkages depending on genotype and harvesting season. SEC data showed significant differences in the molecular weight and polydispersity indices for stem versus leaf-derived lignins. Py-GC/MS and hetero-nuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) NMR revealed different monolignol compositions for the two genotypes (Gig35, NagG10). The monolignol ratio is slightly influenced by the time of harvest: stem-derived lignins of M. nagara showed increasing H and decreasing G unit content over the studied harvesting period (December–April). Miscanthus crops possess attractive properties such as high photosynthesis yield and carbon fixation rate. Moreover, M. nagara, shows good frost tolerance. Monolignol ratio and most abundant linkages of the isolated lignins have been identified.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bergs
- Department of Natural Sciences
- Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences
- D-53359 Rheinbach
- Germany
- Spectral Service AG
| | - Xuan Tung Do
- Department of Natural Sciences
- Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences
- D-53359 Rheinbach
- Germany
| | - Jessica Rumpf
- Department of Natural Sciences
- Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences
- D-53359 Rheinbach
- Germany
| | - Peter Kusch
- Department of Natural Sciences
- Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences
- D-53359 Rheinbach
- Germany
| | - Yulia Monakhova
- Spectral Service AG
- Germany
- Institute of Chemistry
- Saratov State University
- 410012 Saratov
| | | | - Georg Völkering
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation
- Faculty of Agriculture
- University of Bonn
- D-53359 Rheinbach
- Germany
| | - Ralf Pude
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation
- Faculty of Agriculture
- University of Bonn
- D-53359 Rheinbach
- Germany
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences
- Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences
- D-53359 Rheinbach
- Germany
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13
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da Costa RMF, Simister R, Roberts LA, Timms-Taravella E, Cambler AB, Corke FMK, Han J, Ward RJ, Buckeridge MS, Gomez LD, Bosch M. Nutrient and drought stress: implications for phenology and biomass quality in miscanthus. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:553-566. [PMID: 30137291 PMCID: PMC6821376 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The cultivation of dedicated biomass crops, including miscanthus, on marginal land provides a promising approach to the reduction of dependency on fossil fuels. However, little is known about the impact of environmental stresses often experienced on lower-grade agricultural land on cell-wall quality traits in miscanthus biomass crops. In this study, three different miscanthus genotypes were exposed to drought stress and nutrient stress, both separately and in combination, with the aim of evaluating their impact on plant growth and cell-wall properties. METHODS Automated imaging facilities at the National Plant Phenomics Centre (NPPC-Aberystwyth) were used for dynamic phenotyping to identify plant responses to separate and combinatorial stresses. Harvested leaf and stem samples of the three miscanthus genotypes (Miscanthus sinensis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Miscanthus × giganteus) were separately subjected to saccharification assays, to measure sugar release, and cell-wall composition analyses. KEY RESULTS Phenotyping showed that the M. sacchariflorus genotype Sac-5 and particularly the M. sinensis genotype Sin-11 coped better than the M. × giganteus genotype Gig-311 with drought stress when grown in nutrient-poor compost. Sugar release by enzymatic hydrolysis, used as a biomass quality measure, was significantly affected by the different environmental conditions in a stress-, genotype- and organ-dependent manner. A combination of abundant water and low nutrients resulted in the highest sugar release from leaves, while for stems this was generally associated with the combination of drought and nutrient-rich conditions. Cell-wall composition analyses suggest that changes in fine structure of cell-wall polysaccharides, including heteroxylans and pectins, possibly in association with lignin, contribute to the observed differences in cell-wall biomass sugar release. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the importance of the assessment of miscanthus biomass quality measures in addition to biomass yield determinations and the requirement for selecting suitable miscanthus genotypes for different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo M F da Costa
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Rachael Simister
- CNAP, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Luned A Roberts
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Emma Timms-Taravella
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Arthur B Cambler
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fiona M K Corke
- The National Plant Phenomics Centre, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Jiwan Han
- The National Plant Phenomics Centre, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Richard J Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos S Buckeridge
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo D Gomez
- CNAP, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
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14
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Schäfer J, Sattler M, Iqbal Y, Lewandowski I, Bunzel M. Characterization of Miscanthus cell wall polymers. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY. BIOENERGY 2019; 11:191-205. [PMID: 31007724 PMCID: PMC6472555 DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Efficient utilization of lignocellulosic Miscanthus biomass for the production of biochemicals, such as ethanol, is challenging due to its recalcitrance, which is influenced by the individual plant cell wall polymers and their interactions. Lignocellulosic biomass composition differs depending on several factors, such as plant age, harvest date, organ type, and genotype. Here, four selected Miscanthus genotypes (Miscanthus sinensis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Miscanthus × giganteus, Miscanthus sinensis × Miscanthus sacchariflorus hybrid) were grown and harvested, separated into stems and leaves, and characterized for their non-starch polysaccharide composition and structures, lignin contents and structures, and hydroxycinnamate profiles (monomers and ferulic acid dehydrodimers). Polysaccharides of all genotypes are mainly composed of cellulose and low-substituted arabinoxylans. Ratios of hemicelluloses to cellulose were comparable, with the exception of Miscanthus sinensis that showed a higher hemicellulose/cellulose ratio. Lignin contents of Miscanthus stems were higher than those of Miscanthus leaves. Considering the same organs, the four genotypes did not differ in their Klason lignin contents, but Miscanthus × giganteus showed the highest acetylbromide soluble lignin content. Lignin polymers isolated from stems varied in their S/G ratios and linkage type distributions across genotypes. p-Coumaric acid was the most abundant ester-bound hydroxycinnamte monomer in all samples. Ferulic acid dehydrodimers were analyzed as cell wall cross-links, with 8-5-coupled diferulic acid being the main dimer, followed by 8-O-4-, and 5-5-diferulic acid. Contents of p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and ferulic acid dimers varied depending on genotype and organ type. The largest amount of cell wall cross-links was analyzed for Miscanthus sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schäfer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied BiosciencesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)KarlsruheGermany
| | - Melinda Sattler
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied BiosciencesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)KarlsruheGermany
| | - Yasir Iqbal
- Biobased Products and Energy Crops (340b), Institute of Crop ScienceUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Iris Lewandowski
- Biobased Products and Energy Crops (340b), Institute of Crop ScienceUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied BiosciencesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)KarlsruheGermany
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15
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da Costa RMF, Pattathil S, Avci U, Winters A, Hahn MG, Bosch M. Desirable plant cell wall traits for higher-quality miscanthus lignocellulosic biomass. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:85. [PMID: 31011368 PMCID: PMC6463665 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic biomass from dedicated energy crops such as Miscanthus spp. is an important tool to combat anthropogenic climate change. However, we still do not exactly understand the sources of cell wall recalcitrance to deconstruction, which hinders the efficient biorefining of plant biomass into biofuels and bioproducts. RESULTS We combined detailed phenotyping, correlation studies and discriminant analyses, to identify key significantly distinct variables between miscanthus organs, genotypes and most importantly, between saccharification performances. Furthermore, for the first time in an energy crop, normalised total quantification of specific cell wall glycan epitopes is reported and correlated with saccharification. CONCLUSIONS In stems, lignin has the greatest impact on recalcitrance. However, in leaves, matrix glycans and their decorations have determinant effects, highlighting the importance of biomass fine structures, in addition to more commonly described cell wall compositional features. The results of our interrogation of the miscanthus cell wall promote the concept that desirable cell wall traits for increased biomass quality are highly dependent on the target biorefining products. Thus, for the development of biorefining ideotypes, instead of a generalist miscanthus variety, more realistic and valuable approaches may come from defining a collection of specialised cultivars, adapted to specific conditions and purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo M. F. da Costa
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE UK
- Present Address: Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sivakumar Pattathil
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd., Athens, GA 30602-4712 USA
- Present Address: Mascoma LLC (Lallemand, Inc.), 67 Etna Road, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA
| | - Utku Avci
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd., Athens, GA 30602-4712 USA
- Present Address: Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Ana Winters
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE UK
| | - Michael G. Hahn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd., Athens, GA 30602-4712 USA
- DOE-BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE UK
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16
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Bilska-Kos A, Panek P, Szulc-Głaz A, Ochodzki P, Cisło A, Zebrowski J. Chilling-induced physiological, anatomical and biochemical responses in the leaves of Miscanthus × giganteus and maize (Zea mays L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 228:178-188. [PMID: 29945073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Miscanthus × giganteus and Zea mays, closely-related C4 grasses, originated from warm climates react differently to low temperature. To investigate the response to cold (12-14 °C) in these species, the photosynthetic and anatomical parameters as well as biochemical properties of the cell wall were studied. The research was performed using M. giganteus (MG) and two Z. mays lines differentiated for chilling-sensitivity: chilling-tolerant (Zm-T) and chilling-sensitive (Zm-S). The chilled plants of Zm-S line demonstrated strong inhibition of net CO2 assimilation and a clear decrease in F'v/F'm, Fv/Fm and ɸPSII, while in MG and Zm-T plants these parameters were almost unchanged. The anatomical studies revealed that MG plants had thinner leaves, epidermis and mesophyll cell layer as well as thicker cell walls in the comparison to both maize lines. Cold led to an increase in leaf thickness and mesophyll cell layer thickness in the Zm-T maize line, while the opposite response was observed in Zm-S. In turn, in chilled plants of MG and Zm-T lines, some anatomical parameters associated with bundle sheath cells were higher. In addition, Zm-S line showed the strong increase in the cell wall thickness at cold for mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. Chilling-treatment induced the changes in the cell wall biochemistry of tested species, mainly in the content of glucuronoarabinoxylan, uronic acid, β-glucan and phenolic compounds. This work presents a new approach in searching of mechanism(s) of tolerance/sensitivity to low temperature in two thermophilic plants: Miscanthus and maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bilska-Kos
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870, Błonie, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Aleja Rejtana 16c, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Piotr Panek
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Aleja Rejtana 16c, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Szulc-Głaz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Aleja Rejtana 16c, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Piotr Ochodzki
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870, Błonie, Poland
| | - Aneta Cisło
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Aleja Rejtana 16c, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jacek Zebrowski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Aleja Rejtana 16c, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
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17
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Lane S, Dong J, Jin YS. Value-added biotransformation of cellulosic sugars by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 260:380-394. [PMID: 29655899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The substantial research efforts into lignocellulosic biofuels have generated an abundance of valuable knowledge and technologies for metabolic engineering. In particular, these investments have led to a vast growth in proficiency of engineering the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for consuming lignocellulosic sugars, enabling the simultaneous assimilation of multiple carbon sources, and producing a large variety of value-added products by introduction of heterologous metabolic pathways. While microbial conversion of cellulosic sugars into large-volume low-value biofuels is not currently economically feasible, there may still be opportunities to produce other value-added chemicals as regulation of cellulosic sugar metabolism is quite different from glucose metabolism. This review summarizes these recent advances with an emphasis on employing engineered yeast for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic sugars into a variety of non-ethanol value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Lane
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jia Dong
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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18
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Adams JMM, Winters AL, Hodgson EM, Gallagher JA. What cell wall components are the best indicators for Miscanthus digestibility and conversion to ethanol following variable pretreatments? BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:67. [PMID: 29563970 PMCID: PMC5851170 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy crops including Miscanthus provide a storable, portable energy source which can be used to complement a wide range of products and energy generation systems. Miscanthus is predominantly used in Europe as a combustion material for electricity generation but also has the potential for biochemical conversion due to its high yield and low-nutrient requirements. The ratio of holocellulose (hemicellulose and cellulose combined) to acid detergent lignin (H:L) within the senesced material has previously been shown to indicate the relative suitability of Miscanthus accessions for thermochemical conversion. In this study, the ratio was assessed to examine its use as a selection aid for biochemical conversion. 20 highly-characterised Miscanthus accessions were saccharified using an enzyme mix to determine optimum sugar release. Nine of these accessions spanning high, medium and low H:L ratios were then autoclaved with dilute acid, alkali or water, and enzymically hydrolysed and fermented to produce ethanol. Samples taken throughout the process allowed assessments of released sugars. RESULTS Enzymic degradation of the biomass showed a relationship between H:L ratio and glucose release, with high glucose release for high H:L ratio accessions and vice versa. Xylose release showed no such relationship. This relationship was maintained following pretreatments and enzyme saccharification, where compound analysis showed that following all pretreatments, accessions with high H:L ratios repeatedly had the highest releases of glucose, xylose and arabinose, and produced more ethanol. Release of all measured compounds increased with the pretreatment severity and ethanol yields from each pretreatment correlated with the respective glucose yield, providing assurance that any inhibitory compounds generated were tolerated by the fermentation yeast. Strong correlations were also seen between glucose release, ethanol and cell wall components, with cellulose showing the highest correlations with ethanol yields for some treatments and H:L ratio with others. CONCLUSIONS The H:L ratio is a good predictor of ethanol yields and sugar release from Miscanthus in this study but individual components lignin and cellulose also correlate well, especially for hot water and mild acid pretreatments. In conclusion, use of the H:L ratio does not provide any advantages over the concentration of individual cell wall components for predicting sugar release and ethanol yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. M. Adams
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE UK
| | - A. L. Winters
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE UK
| | - E. M. Hodgson
- Present Address: Hodgson Green & Associates, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - J. A. Gallagher
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE UK
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19
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Mouthier TMB, Kilic B, Vervoort P, Gruppen H, Kabel MA. Potential of a gypsum-free composting process of wheat straw for mushroom production. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185901. [PMID: 28982119 PMCID: PMC5628895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat straw based composting generates a selective substrate for mushroom production. The first phase of this process requires 5 days, and a reduction in time is wished. Here, we aim at understanding the effect of gypsum on the duration of the first phase and the mechanism behind it. Hereto, the regular process with gypsum addition and the same process without gypsum were studied during a 5-day period. The compost quality was evaluated based on compost lignin composition analysed by py-GC/MS and its degradability by a commercial (hemi-)cellulolytic enzyme cocktail. The composting phase lead to the decrease of the pyrolysis products 4-vinylphenol and 4-vinylguaiacol that can be associated with p-coumarates and ferulates linking xylan and lignin. In the regular compost, the enzymatic conversion reached 32 and 39% for cellulose, and 23 and 32% for xylan after 3 and 5 days, respectively. In absence of gypsum similar values were reached after 2 and 4 days, respectively. Thus, our data show that in absence of gypsum the desired compost quality was reached 20% earlier compared to the control process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut M. B. Mouthier
- Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Baris Kilic
- Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Harry Gruppen
- Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A. Kabel
- Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Purdy SJ, Maddison AL, Nunn CP, Winters A, Timms‐Taravella E, Jones CM, Clifton‐Brown JC, Donnison IS, Gallagher JA. Could Miscanthus replace maize as the preferred substrate for anaerobic digestion in the United Kingdom? Future breeding strategies. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY. BIOENERGY 2017; 9:1122-1139. [PMID: 28603556 PMCID: PMC5439492 DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Fodder maize is the most commonly used crop for biogas production owing to its high yields, high concentrations of starch and good digestibility. However, environmental concerns and possible future conflict with land for food production may limit its long-term use. The bioenergy grass, Miscanthus, is a high-yielding perennial that can grow on marginal land and, with 'greener' environmental credentials, may offer an alternative. To compete with maize, the concentration of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and digestibility may need to be improved. Non-structural carbohydrates were quantified in 38 diverse genotypes of Miscanthus in green-cut biomass in July and October. The aim was to determine whether NSC abundance could be a target for breeding programmes or whether genotypes already exist that could rival maize for use in anaerobic digestion systems. The saccharification potential and measures of N P and K were also studied. The highest concentrations of NSC were in July, reaching a maximum of 20% DW. However, the maximum yield was in October with 300-400 g NSC plant-1 owing to higher biomass. The digestibility of the cell wall was higher in July than in October, but the increase in biomass meant yields of digestible sugars were still higher in October. Nutrient concentrations were at least twofold higher in July compared to November, and the abundance of potassium showed the greatest degree of variation between genotypes. The projected maximum yield of NSC was 1.3 t ha-1 with significant variation to target for breeding. Starch accumulated in the highest concentrations and continued to increase into autumn in some genotypes. Therefore, starch, rather than sugars, would be a better target for breeding improvement. If harvest date was brought forward to autumn, nutrient losses in non-flowering genotypes would be comparable to an early spring harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Purdy
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanCeredigionSY23 3EBUK
| | - Anne L. Maddison
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanCeredigionSY23 3EBUK
| | - Christopher P. Nunn
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanCeredigionSY23 3EBUK
| | - Ana Winters
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanCeredigionSY23 3EBUK
| | - Emma Timms‐Taravella
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanCeredigionSY23 3EBUK
| | - Charlotte M. Jones
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanCeredigionSY23 3EBUK
| | - John C. Clifton‐Brown
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanCeredigionSY23 3EBUK
| | - Iain S. Donnison
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanCeredigionSY23 3EBUK
| | - Joe A. Gallagher
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanCeredigionSY23 3EBUK
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21
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Belmokhtar N, Arnoult S, Chabbert B, Charpentier JP, Brancourt-Hulmel M. Saccharification Performances of Miscanthus at the Pilot and Miniaturized Assay Scales: Genotype and Year Variabilities According to the Biomass Composition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:740. [PMID: 28611790 PMCID: PMC5447034 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Biomass production and cell wall composition are differentially impacted by harvesting year and genotypes, influencing then cellulose conversion in miniaturized assay.Using a high-throughput miniaturized and semi-automated method for performing the pretreatment and saccharification steps at laboratory scale allows for the assessment of these factors on the biomass potential for producing bioethanol before moving to the industrial scale. The large genetic diversity of the perennial grass miscanthus makes it suitable for producing cellulosic ethanol in biorefineries. The saccharification potential and year variability of five genotypes belonging to Miscanthus × giganteus and Miscanthus sinensis were explored using a miniaturized and semi-automated method, allowing the application of a hot water treatment followed by an enzymatic hydrolysis. The studied genotypes highlighted distinct cellulose conversion yields due to their distinct cell wall compositions. An inter-year comparison revealed significant variations in the biomass productivity and cell wall compositions. Compared to the recalcitrant genotypes, more digestible genotypes contained higher amounts of hemicellulosic carbohydrates and lower amounts of cellulose and lignin. In contrast to hemicellulosic carbohydrates, the relationships analysis between the biomass traits and cellulose conversion clearly showed the same negative effect of cellulose and lignin on cellulose digestion. The miniaturized and semi-automated method we developed was usable at the laboratory scale and was reliable for mimicking the saccharification at the pilot scale using a steam explosion pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Therefore, this miniaturized method will allow the reliable screening of many genotypes for saccharification potential. These findings provide valuable information and tools for breeders to create genotypes combining high yield, suitable biomass composition, and high saccharification yields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphanie Arnoult
- GCIE-Picardie, Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueEstrées-Mons, France
| | - Brigitte Chabbert
- FARE Laboratory, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France
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Microplate-Based Evaluation of the Sugar Yield from Giant Reed, Giant Miscanthus and Switchgrass after Mild Chemical Pre-Treatments and Hydrolysis with Tailored Trichoderma Enzymatic Blends. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:876-892. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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da Costa RMF, Pattathil S, Avci U, Lee SJ, Hazen SP, Winters A, Hahn MG, Bosch M. A cell wall reference profile for Miscanthus bioenergy crops highlights compositional and structural variations associated with development and organ origin. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1710-1725. [PMID: 27859277 PMCID: PMC5324610 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Miscanthus spp. are promising lignocellulosic energy crops, but cell wall recalcitrance to deconstruction still hinders their widespread use as bioenergy and biomaterial feedstocks. Identification of cell wall characteristics desirable for biorefining applications is crucial for lignocellulosic biomass improvement. However, the task of scoring biomass quality is often complicated by the lack of a reference for a given feedstock. A multidimensional cell wall analysis was performed to generate a reference profile for leaf and stem biomass from several miscanthus genotypes harvested at three developmentally distinct time points. A comprehensive suite of 155 monoclonal antibodies was used to monitor changes in distribution, structure and extractability of noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans. Glycan microarrays complemented with immunohistochemistry elucidated the nature of compositional variation, and in situ distribution of carbohydrate epitopes. Key observations demonstrated that there are crucial differences in miscanthus cell wall glycomes, which may impact biomass amenability to deconstruction. For the first time, variations in miscanthus cell wall glycan components were comprehensively characterized across different harvests, organs and genotypes, to generate a representative reference profile for miscanthus cell wall biomass. Ultimately, this portrait of the miscanthus cell wall will help to steer breeding and genetic engineering strategies for the development of superior energy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo M. F. da Costa
- Institute of BiologicalEnvironmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanAberystwythCeredigionSY23 3EEUK
| | - Sivakumar Pattathil
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterThe University of Georgia315 Riverbend RoadAthensGA30602USA
- US Department of Energy Bioenergy Science CenterOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Utku Avci
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterThe University of Georgia315 Riverbend RoadAthensGA30602USA
- US Department of Energy Bioenergy Science CenterOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Scott J. Lee
- Biology DepartmentUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMA01003USA
| | - Samuel P. Hazen
- Biology DepartmentUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMA01003USA
| | - Ana Winters
- Institute of BiologicalEnvironmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanAberystwythCeredigionSY23 3EEUK
| | - Michael G. Hahn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterThe University of Georgia315 Riverbend RoadAthensGA30602USA
- US Department of Energy Bioenergy Science CenterOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of BiologicalEnvironmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityPlas GogerddanAberystwythCeredigionSY23 3EEUK
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Auxenfans T, Crônier D, Chabbert B, Paës G. Understanding the structural and chemical changes of plant biomass following steam explosion pretreatment. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:36. [PMID: 28191037 PMCID: PMC5297051 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0718-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biorefining of lignocellulosic biomass has become one of the most valuable alternatives for the production of multi-products such as biofuels. Pretreatment is a prerequisite to increase the enzymatic conversion of the recalcitrant lignocellulose. However, there is still considerable debate regarding the key features of biomass impacting the cellulase accessibility. In this study, we evaluate the structural and chemical features of three different representative biomasses (Miscanthus × giganteus, poplar and wheat straw), before and after steam explosion pretreatment at increasing severities, by monitoring chemical analysis, SEM, FTIR and 2D NMR. RESULTS Regardless the biomass type, combined steam explosion pretreatment with dilute sulfuric acid impregnation resulted in significant improvement of the cellulose conversion. Chemical analyses revealed that the pretreatment selectively degraded the hemicellulosic fraction and associated cross-linking ferulic acids. As a result, the pretreated residues contained mostly cellulosic glucose and lignin. In addition, the pretreatment directly affected the cellulose crystallinity but these variations were dependent upon the biomass type. Important chemical modifications also occurred in lignin since the β-O-4' aryl-ether linkages were found to be homolytically cleaved, followed by some recoupling/recondensation to β-β' and β-5' linkages, regardless the biomass type. Finally, 2D NMR analysis of the whole biomass showed that the pretreatment preferentially degraded the syringyl-type lignin fractions in miscanthus and wheat straw while it was not affected in the pretreated poplar samples. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide an enhanced understanding of parameters impacting biomass recalcitrance, which can be easily generalized to both woody and non-woody biomass species. Results indeed suggest that the hemicellulose removal accompanied by the significant reduction in the cross-linking phenolic acids and the redistribution of lignin are strongly correlated with the enzymatic saccharification, by loosening the cell wall structure thus allowing easier cellulase accessibility. By contrast, we have shown that the changes in the syringyl/guaiacyl ratio and the cellulose crystallinity do not seem to be relevant factors in assessing the enzymatic digestibility. Some biomass type-dependent and easily measurable FTIR factors are highly correlated to saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Auxenfans
- FARE Laboratory, INRA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - David Crônier
- FARE Laboratory, INRA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Brigitte Chabbert
- FARE Laboratory, INRA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Gabriel Paës
- FARE Laboratory, INRA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
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25
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Lewandowska M, Szymańska K, Kordala N, Dąbrowska A, Bednarski W, Juszczuk A. Evaluation of Mucor indicus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae capability to ferment hydrolysates of rape straw and Miscanthus giganteus as affected by the pretreatment method. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 212:262-270. [PMID: 27107482 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rape straw and Miscanthus giganteus was pretreated chemically with oxalic acid or sodium hydroxide. The pretreated substrates were hydrolyzed with enzymatic preparations of cellulase, xylanase and cellobiase. The highest concentration of reducing sugars was achieved after hydrolysis of M. giganteus pretreated with NaOH (51.53gdm(-3)). In turn, the highest yield of enzymatic hydrolysis determined based on polysaccharides content in the pretreated substrates was obtained in the experiments with M. giganteus and oxalic acid (99.3%). Rape straw and M. giganteus hydrolysates were fermented using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 7, NRRL 978 or filamentous fungus Mucor rouxii (Mucor indicus) DSM 1191. The highest ethanol concentration was determined after fermentation of M. giganteus hydrolysate pretreated with NaOH using S. cerevisiae (1.92% v/v). Considering cellulose content in the pretreated solid, the highest degree of its conversion to ethanol (86.2%) was achieved after fermentation of the hydrolysate of acid-treated M. giganteus using S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Lewandowska
- Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Heweliusza 1, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karolina Szymańska
- Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Heweliusza 1, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Natalia Kordala
- Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Heweliusza 1, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aneta Dąbrowska
- Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 7, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Bednarski
- Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Heweliusza 1, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej Juszczuk
- Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Heweliusza 1, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
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26
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Chen MH, Bowman MJ, Cotta MA, Dien BS, Iten LB, Whitehead TR, Rausch KD, Tumbleson ME, Singh V. Miscanthus×giganteus xylooligosaccharides: Purification and fermentation. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 140:96-103. [PMID: 26876832 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A procedure was developed to recover xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from Miscanthus×giganteus (M×G) hydrolyzate. M×G hydrolyzate was prepared using autohydrolysis, and XOS rich fractions were acquired using activated carbon adsorption and stepwise ethanol elution. The combined XOS fractions were purified using a series of ion exchange resin treatments. The end product, M×G XOS, had 89.1% (w/w) total substituted oligosaccharides (TSOS) composed of arabinose, glucose, xylose and acetyl group. Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium catenulatum (health promoting bacteria) were cultured in vitro on M×G XOS and a commercial XOS source, which was used as a comparison. B. adolescentis grew to a higher cell density than B. catenulatum in both XOS cultures. Total xylose consumption for B. adolescentis was 84.1 and 84.8%, respectively for M×G and commercial XOS cultures; and for B. catenulatum was 76.6 and 73.6%, respectively. The xylobiose (X2), xylotriose (X3) and xylotetraose (X4) were almost utilized for both strains. Acetic and lactic acids were the major fermentation products of the XOS cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsu Chen
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael J Bowman
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Michael A Cotta
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Bruce S Dien
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Loren B Iten
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Terence R Whitehead
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Kent D Rausch
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - M E Tumbleson
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Vijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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27
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Papoutsakis ET. Reassessing the Progress in the Production of Advanced Biofuels in the Current Competitive Environment and Beyond: What Are the Successes and Where Progress Eludes Us and Why. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios T. Papoutsakis
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences & the Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
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28
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De Souza AP, Alvim Kamei CL, Torres AF, Pattathil S, Hahn MG, Trindade LM, Buckeridge MS. How cell wall complexity influences saccharification efficiency in Miscanthus sinensis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:4351-65. [PMID: 25908240 PMCID: PMC4493786 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The production of bioenergy from grasses has been developing quickly during the last decade, with Miscanthus being among the most important choices for production of bioethanol. However, one of the key barriers to producing bioethanol is the lack of information about cell wall structure. Cell walls are thought to display compositional differences that lead to emergence of a very high level of complexity, resulting in great diversity in cell wall architectures. In this work, a set of different techniques was used to access the complexity of cell walls of different genotypes of Miscanthus sinensis in order to understand how they interfere with saccharification efficiency. Three genotypes of M. sinensis displaying different patterns of correlation between lignin content and saccharification efficiency were subjected to cell wall analysis by quantitative/qualitative analytical techniques such as monosaccharide composition, oligosaccharide profiling, and glycome profiling. When saccharification efficiency was correlated negatively with lignin, the structural features of arabinoxylan and xyloglucan were found to contribute positively to hydrolysis. In the absence of such correlation, different types of pectins, and some mannans contributed to saccharification efficiency. Different genotypes of M. sinensis were shown to display distinct interactions among their cell wall components, which seem to influence cell wall hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P De Souza
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claire L Alvim Kamei
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andres F Torres
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sivakumar Pattathil
- BioEnergy Science Center, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Michael G Hahn
- BioEnergy Science Center, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Luisa M Trindade
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcos S Buckeridge
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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29
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Vasco-Correa J, Li Y. Solid-state anaerobic digestion of fungal pretreated Miscanthus sinensis harvested in two different seasons. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 185:211-7. [PMID: 25770468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state anaerobic digestion of Miscanthus sinensis harvested in fall and spring was compared under different total solids contents and feedstock-to-inoculum ratios. The highest specific methane yields reached 170-175LCH4/kg volatile solids for both harvest seasons. Miscanthus harvested in fall generated a 6% higher methane yield in average than miscanthus harvested in spring. Fungal pretreatment with Ceriporiopsis subvermispora decreased the lignin content of miscanthus harvested in spring by 25.7%, but there was no significant delignification observed for miscanthus harvested in fall. Fungal pretreatment of miscanthus harvested in spring increased the specific methane yield by 25%, but fungal pretreatment caused a slight methane yield reduction for miscanthus harvested in fall. Methane yields for miscanthus were comparable with those from other energy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Vasco-Correa
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
| | - Yebo Li
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA.
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30
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Lee WC, Kuan WC. Miscanthus as cellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:840-54. [PMID: 26013948 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The members of the genus Miscanthus are potential feedstocks for biofuels because of the promising high yields of biomass per unit of planted area. This review addresses species, cultivation, and lignocellulose composition of Miscanthus, as well as pretreatment and enzyme saccharification of Miscanthus biomass for ethanol fermentation. The average cellulose contents in dried biomass of Miscanthus floridulus, Miscanthus sinensis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, and Miscanthus × giganteus (M × G) are 37.2, 37.6, 38.9, and 41.1% wt/wt, respectively. A number of pretreatment methods have been applied in order to enhance digestibility of Miscanthus biomass for enzymatic saccharification. Pretreatment of Miscanthus using liquid hot water or alkaline results in a significant release of glucose; while glucose yields can be 90% or higher if a pretreatment like AFEX that combines both chemical and physical processes is used. As ethanol is produced by yeast fermentation of the hydrolysate from enzymatic hydrolysis of residual solids (pulp) after pretreatment, theoretical ethanol yields are 0.211-0.233 g/g-raw biomass if only cellulose is taken into account. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of pretreated M × G and M. lutarioriparius results in experimental ethanol yields of 0.13 and 0.15 g/g-raw biomass, respectively. Co-production of value-added products can reduce the overall production cost of bioethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chien Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Systems Biology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Minhsiung, Chiayi, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chih Kuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Systems Biology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Minhsiung, Chiayi, Taiwan
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31
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Impact of lignin on water sorption properties of bioinspired self-assemblies of lignocellulosic polymers. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Hassan ESRE, Mutelet F, Moïse JC, Brosse N. Pretreatment of miscanthus using 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolium methyl phosphonate (DMIMMPh) ionic liquid for glucose recovery and ethanol production. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08946h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An environmentally friendly method for the extraction of cellulose from miscanthus using 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolium methyl phosphonate (DMIMMPh) ionic liquid is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed R. E. Hassan
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (UMR CNRS 7274)
- Université de Lorraine
- Nancy 54000
- France
| | - Fabrice Mutelet
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (UMR CNRS 7274)
- Université de Lorraine
- Nancy 54000
- France
| | - Jean-Charles Moïse
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (UMR CNRS 7274)
- Université de Lorraine
- Nancy 54000
- France
| | - Nicolas Brosse
- Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur le MAteriau Bois
- Faculté des Sciences et Technologies
- Université de Lorraine
- F-54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
- France
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33
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da Costa RMF, Lee SJ, Allison GG, Hazen SP, Winters A, Bosch M. Genotype, development and tissue-derived variation of cell-wall properties in the lignocellulosic energy crop Miscanthus. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:1265-77. [PMID: 24737720 PMCID: PMC4195551 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Species and hybrids of the genus Miscanthus contain attributes that make them front-runners among current selections of dedicated bioenergy crops. A key trait for plant biomass conversion to biofuels and biomaterials is cell-wall quality; however, knowledge of cell-wall composition and biology in Miscanthus species is limited. This study presents data on cell-wall compositional changes as a function of development and tissue type across selected genotypes, and considers implications for the development of miscanthus as a sustainable and renewable bioenergy feedstock. METHODS Cell-wall biomass was analysed for 25 genotypes, considering different developmental stages and stem vs. leaf compositional variability, by Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy and lignin determination. In addition, a Clostridium phytofermentans bioassay was used to assess cell-wall digestibility and conversion to ethanol. KEY RESULTS Important cell-wall compositional differences between miscanthus stem and leaf samples were found to be predominantly associated with structural carbohydrates. Lignin content increased as plants matured and was higher in stem tissues. Although stem lignin concentration correlated inversely with ethanol production, no such correlation was observed for leaves. Leaf tissue contributed significantly to total above-ground biomass at all stages, although the extent of this contribution was genotype-dependent. CONCLUSIONS It is hypothesized that divergent carbohydrate compositions and modifications in stem and leaf tissues are major determinants for observed differences in cell-wall quality. The findings indicate that improvement of lignocellulosic feedstocks should encompass tissue-dependent variation as it affects amenability to biological conversion. For gene-trait associations relating to cell-wall quality, the data support the separate examination of leaf and stem composition, as tissue-specific traits may be masked by considering only total above-ground biomass samples, and sample variability could be mostly due to varying tissue contributions to total biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo M F da Costa
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Scott J Lee
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Gordon G Allison
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Samuel P Hazen
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ana Winters
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, UK
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34
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Meineke T, Manisseri C, Voigt CA. Phylogeny in defining model plants for lignocellulosic ethanol production: a comparative study of Brachypodium distachyon, wheat, maize, and Miscanthus x giganteus leaf and stem biomass. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103580. [PMID: 25133818 PMCID: PMC4136770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of ethanol from pretreated plant biomass during fermentation is a strategy to mitigate climate change by substituting fossil fuels. However, biomass conversion is mainly limited by the recalcitrant nature of the plant cell wall. To overcome recalcitrance, the optimization of the plant cell wall for subsequent processing is a promising approach. Based on their phylogenetic proximity to existing and emerging energy crops, model plants have been proposed to study bioenergy-related cell wall biochemistry. One example is Brachypodium distachyon, which has been considered as a general model plant for cell wall analysis in grasses. To test whether relative phylogenetic proximity would be sufficient to qualify as a model plant not only for cell wall composition but also for the complete process leading to bioethanol production, we compared the processing of leaf and stem biomass from the C3 grasses B. distachyon and Triticum aestivum (wheat) with the C4 grasses Zea mays (maize) and Miscanthus x giganteus, a perennial energy crop. Lambda scanning with a confocal laser-scanning microscope allowed a rapid qualitative analysis of biomass saccharification. A maximum of 108-117 mg ethanol·g(-1) dry biomass was yielded from thermo-chemically and enzymatically pretreated stem biomass of the tested plant species. Principal component analysis revealed that a relatively strong correlation between similarities in lignocellulosic ethanol production and phylogenetic relation was only given for stem and leaf biomass of the two tested C4 grasses. Our results suggest that suitability of B. distachyon as a model plant for biomass conversion of energy crops has to be specifically tested based on applied processing parameters and biomass tissue type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Meineke
- Phytopathology & Biochemistry, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chithra Manisseri
- Phytopathology & Biochemistry, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian A. Voigt
- Phytopathology & Biochemistry, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Cao Y, Li J, Yu L, Chai G, He G, Hu R, Qi G, Kong Y, Fu C, Zhou G. Cell wall polysaccharide distribution in Miscanthus lutarioriparius stem using immuno-detection. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:643-53. [PMID: 24522548 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall polysaccharides' occurrences in two internodes of different development stages in M. lutarioriparius stem were analyzed and three major differences between them were identified by cell wall polysaccharide probes. Deposition and modification of cell wall polysaccharides during stem development affect biomass yield of the Miscanthus energy crop. The distribution patterns of cell wall polysaccharides in the 2nd and the 11th internodes of M. lutarioriparius stem were studied using in situ immunofluorescence assay. Crystalline cellulose and xylan were present in most of the stem tissues except phloem, where xyloglucan was the major composition of hemicellulose. The distribution of pectin polysaccharides varied in stem tissues, particularly in vascular bundle elements. Xylogalacturonan, feruloylated-1,4-β-D-galactan and (1,3)(1,4)-β-glucans, however, were insufficient for antibodies binding in both internodes. Furthermore, the distribution of cell wall polysaccharides was differentiated in the two internodes of M. lutarioriparius. The significant differences in the pattern of occurrence of long 1,5-α-L-arabinan chain, homogalacturonan and fucosylated xyloglucans epitope were detected between the two internodes. In addition, the relationships between probable functions of polysaccharides and their distribution patterns in M. lutarioriparius stem cell wall were discussed, which would be helpful to understand the growth characteristics of Miscanthus and identify potential targets for either modification or degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (QIBEBT-CAS), Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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36
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Chen MH, Bowman MJ, Dien BS, Rausch KD, Tumbleson ME, Singh V. Autohydrolysis of Miscanthus x giganteus for the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS): kinetics, characterization and recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 155:359-365. [PMID: 24463409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The optima conditions of production and purification of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from Miscanthus x giganteus (MxG) were investigated. Using autohydrolysis, XOS were produced at 160, 180 and 200°C at 60, 20 and 5min, respectively. XOS yield up to 13.5% (w/w) of initial biomass and 69.2% (w/w) of xylan were achieved. Results from HPAEC-PAD analysis revealed that X1-X9 sugar oligomers were produced. Higher temperature and longer reaction time resulted in lower product molecular weight. The three optimum conditions had similar degrees of polymerization XOS. Using 10% activated carbon (w/v) with ethanol/water elution recovered 47.9% (w/w) of XOS from pretreated liquid phase. The XOS could be fractionated by degree of polymerization according to ethanol concentration in the ethanol/water elution. Most of the XOS were washed out in 30% and 50% ethanol/water (v/v) fractions. Recoveries of 91.8% xylobiose, 86.9% xylotriose, 66.3% xylotetrose, 56.2% xylopentose and 48.9% xylohexaose were observed in XOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsu Chen
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael J Bowman
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Bruce S Dien
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Kent D Rausch
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - M E Tumbleson
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Vijay Singh
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Xue J, Bosch M, Knox JP. Heterogeneity and glycan masking of cell wall microstructures in the stems of Miscanthus x giganteus, and its parents M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82114. [PMID: 24312403 PMCID: PMC3843723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cell walls, being repositories of fixed carbon, are important sources of biomass and renewable energy. Miscanthus species are fast growing grasses with a high biomass yield and they have been identified as potential bioenergy crops. Miscanthus x giganteus is the sterile hybrid between M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus, with a faster and taller growth than its parents. In this study, the occurrence of cell wall polysaccharides in stems of Miscanthus species has been determined using fluorescence imaging with sets of cell wall directed monoclonal antibodies. Heteroxylan and mixed linkage-glucan (MLG) epitopes are abundant in stem cell walls of Miscanthus species, but their distributions are different in relation to the interfascicular parenchyma and these epitopes also display different developmental dynamics. Detection of pectic homogalacturonan (HG) epitopes was often restricted to intercellular spaces of parenchyma regions and, notably, the high methyl ester LM20 HG epitope was specifically abundant in the pith parenchyma cell walls of M. x giganteus. Some cell wall probes cannot access their target glycan epitopes because of masking by other polysaccharides. In the case of Miscanthus stems, masking of xyloglucan by heteroxylan and masking of pectic galactan by heteroxylan and MLG was detected in certain cell wall regions. Knowledge of tissue level heterogeneity of polysaccharide distributions and molecular architectures in Miscanthus cell wall structures will be important for both understanding growth mechanisms and also for the development of potential strategies for the efficient deconstruction of Miscanthus biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xue
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - J. Paul Knox
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Hideno A, Kawashima A, Anzoua KG, Yamada T. Comparison of the enzymatic digestibility of physically and chemically pretreated selected line of diploid-Miscanthus sinensis Shiozuka and triploid-M.×giganteus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 146:393-399. [PMID: 23954245 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The diploid Miscanthus sinensis "Shiozuka" which was selected as a high-biomass producing line, and the triploid M. × giganteus (M×G) were treated by ball milling (physical treatment) and alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment (AHP; chemical treatment), and their structural sugar compositions and enzymatic digestibility were compared. The structural sugar content of Shiozuka was moderate and lower than that of M×G. The Klason lignin content of Shiozuka was also lower than that of M×G. However, Shiozuka was sensitive to ball milling and AHP treatment; ball milled and AHP-treated Shiozuka had higher enzymatic digestibility than ball milled and AHP-treated M×G. Shiozuka would be promising feedstock to obtain fermentable sugars with low energy consumption. Finally, enzymes for the hydrolysis of chemically treated Miscanthus were isolated from Trichoderma reesei ATCC 66589 and Penicillium pinophilum. The sugar yield could be increased by enzymatic hydrolysis of AHP-treated samples with NaOH and H2O2 and the isolated enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Hideno
- Senior Research Fellow Center, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.
| | - Ayato Kawashima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Kossonou Guillaume Anzoua
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Kita 11, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapproro 060-0811, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yamada
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Kita 11, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapproro 060-0811, Japan
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39
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Hayes DJM. Mass and compositional changes, relevant to biorefining, in Miscanthus x giganteus plants over the harvest window. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 142:591-602. [PMID: 23770999 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Miscanthus plants were sampled from several plantations in Ireland over the harvest window (October-April). These were separated into their anatomical components and the loss of leaves monitored. Three distinct phases were apparent: there was minimal loss in the "Early" (October to early December) and "Late" (March and April) phases, and rapid leaf loss in the interim period. Samples were analysed for constituents relevant to biorefining. Changes in whole-plant composition included increases in glucose and Klason lignin contents and decreases in ash and arabinose contents. These changes arose mostly from the loss of leaves, but there were some changes over time within the harvestable plant components. Although leaves yield less biofuel than stems, the added biomass provided by an early harvest (31.9-38.4%) meant that per hectare biofuel yields were significantly greater (up to 29.3%) than in a late harvest. These yields greatly exceed those from first generation feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J M Hayes
- Carbolea Biomass Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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40
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Liu C, Xiao L, Jiang J, Wang W, Gu F, Song D, Yi Z, Jin Y, Li L. Biomass properties from different
Miscanthus
species. Food Energy Secur 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 300 Fenglin Rd Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Department of Biotechnology Hunan Agricultural University Hunan Changsha 410128 China
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology Hunan Agricultural University Hunan Changsha 410128 China
| | - Wangxia Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Feng Gu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Dongliang Song
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 300 Fenglin Rd Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Zili Yi
- Department of Biotechnology Hunan Agricultural University Hunan Changsha 410128 China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Laigeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 300 Fenglin Rd Shanghai 200032 China
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41
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Domon JM, Baldwin L, Acket S, Caudeville E, Arnoult S, Zub H, Gillet F, Lejeune-Hénaut I, Brancourt-Hulmel M, Pelloux J, Rayon C. Cell wall compositional modifications of Miscanthus ecotypes in response to cold acclimation. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 85:51-61. [PMID: 23079767 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Miscanthus, a potential energy crop grass, can be damaged by late frost when shoots emerge too early in the spring and during the first winter after planting. The effects of cold acclimation on cell wall composition were investigated in a frost-sensitive clone of Miscanthus x giganteus compared to frost-tolerant clone, Miscanthus sinensis August Feder, and an intermediate frost-tolerant clone, M. sinensis Goliath. Cellulose and lignin contents were higher in M. x giganteus than in the M. sinensis genotypes. In ambient temperature controls, each clone displayed different glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX) contents and degree of arabinose substitution on the xylan backbone. During cold acclimation, an increase in (1→3),(1→4)-β-D-glucan content was observed in all genotypes. Uronic acid level increased in the frost sensitive genotype but decreased in the frost tolerant genotypes in response to cold. In all clones, major changes in cell wall composition were observed with modifications in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) activities in both non- and cold-acclimated experiments. A large increase in CAD activity under cold stress was displayed in each clone, but it was largest in the frost-tolerant clone, M. sinensis August Feder. The marked increase in PAL activity observed in the frost-tolerant clones under cold acclimation, suggests a reorientation of the products towards the phenylpropanoid pathway or aromatic synthesis. How changes in cell wall physical properties can impact frost tolerance is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Domon
- EA 3900-BIOPI, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
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Varanasi P, Singh P, Arora R, Adams PD, Auer M, Simmons BA, Singh S. Understanding changes in lignin of Panicum virgatum and Eucalyptus globulus as a function of ionic liquid pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 126:156-61. [PMID: 23073103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have shown great potential for the reduction of lignin in biomass after pretreatment. Although dilute acid and base pretreatments have been shown to result in pretreated biomass with substantially different lignin composition, there is scarce information on the composition of lignin of IL pretreated biomass. In this work, temperature dependent compositional changes in lignin after IL pretreatment were studied to develop a mechanistic understanding of the process. Panicum virgatum and Eucalyptus globulus were pretreated with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C(2)mim][OAc]). Measurement of syringyl and guaiacyl ratio using pyrolysis-GC/MS and Kamlet-Taft properties of [C(2)mim][OAc] at 120 °C and 160 °C strongly suggest two different modes of IL pretreatment. Preferential breakdown of S-lignin in both eucalyptus and switchgrass at high pretreatment temperature (160 °C) and breakdown of G-lignin for eucalyptus and no preferential break down of either S- or G-lignin in switchgrass was observed at lower pretreatment temperatures (120 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patanjali Varanasi
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, United States
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Joyce B, Stewart C. Designing the perfect plant feedstock for biofuel production: Using the whole buffalo to diversify fuels and products. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1011-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Cheng G, Kent MS, He L, Varanasi P, Dibble D, Arora R, Deng K, Hong K, Melnichenko YB, Simmons BA, Singh S. Effect of ionic liquid treatment on the structures of lignins in solutions: molecular subunits released from lignin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:11850-11857. [PMID: 22738225 DOI: 10.1021/la300938b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The solution structures of three types of isolated lignin--organosolv (OS), Kraft (K), and low sulfonate (LS)--before and after treatment with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate were studied using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) over a concentration range of 0.3-2.4 wt %. The results indicate that each of these lignins is comprised of aggregates of well-defined basal subunits, the shapes and sizes of which, in D(2)O and DMSO-d(6), are revealed using these techniques. LS lignin contains a substantial amount of nanometer-scale individual subunits. In aqueous solution these subunits have a well-defined elongated shape described well by ellipsoidal and cylindrical models. At low concentration the subunits are highly expanded in alkaline solution, and the effect is screened with increasing concentration. OS lignin dissolved in DMSO was found to consist of a narrow distribution of aggregates with average radius 200 ± 30 nm. K lignin in DMSO consists of aggregates with a very broad size distribution. After ionic liquid (IL) treatment, LS lignin subunits in alkaline solution maintained the elongated shape but were reduced in size. IL treatment of OS and K lignins led to the release of nanometer-scale subunits with well-defined size and shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, USA
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45
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Chen X, Shekiro J, Franden MA, Wang W, Zhang M, Kuhn E, Johnson DK, Tucker MP. The impacts of deacetylation prior to dilute acid pretreatment on the bioethanol process. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2012; 5:8. [PMID: 22369467 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-1185-1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilute acid pretreatment is a promising pretreatment technology for the biochemical production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. During dilute acid pretreatment, xylan depolymerizes to form soluble xylose monomers and oligomers. Because the xylan found in nature is highly acetylated, the formation of xylose monomers requires two steps: 1) cleavage of the xylosidic bonds, and 2) cleavage of covalently bonded acetyl ester groups. RESULTS In this study, we show that the latter may be the rate limiting step for xylose monomer formation. Furthermore, acetyl groups are also found to be a cause of biomass recalcitrance and hydrolyzate toxicity. While the removal of acetyl groups from native corn stover by alkaline de-esterification prior to pretreatment improves overall process yields, the exact impact is highly dependent on the corn stover variety in use. Xylose monomer yields in pretreatment generally increases by greater than 10%. Compared to pretreated corn stover controls, the deacetylated corn stover feedstock is approximately 20% more digestible after pretreatment. Finally, by lowering hydrolyzate toxicity, xylose utilization and ethanol yields are further improved during fermentation by roughly 10% and 7%, respectively. In this study, several varieties of corn stover lots were investigated to test the robustness of the deacetylation-pretreatment-saccharification-fermentation process. CONCLUSIONS Deacetylation shows significant improvement on glucose and xylose yields during pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, but it also reduces hydrolyzate toxicity during fermentation, thereby improving ethanol yields and titer. The magnitude of effect is dependent on the selected corn stover variety, with several varieties achieving improvements of greater than 10% xylose yield in pretreatment, 20% glucose yield in low solids enzymatic hydrolysis and 7% overall ethanol yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Chen
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80127, USA.
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46
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Chen X, Shekiro J, Franden MA, Wang W, Zhang M, Kuhn E, Johnson DK, Tucker MP. The impacts of deacetylation prior to dilute acid pretreatment on the bioethanol process. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2012; 5:8. [PMID: 22369467 PMCID: PMC3309953 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-5-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilute acid pretreatment is a promising pretreatment technology for the biochemical production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. During dilute acid pretreatment, xylan depolymerizes to form soluble xylose monomers and oligomers. Because the xylan found in nature is highly acetylated, the formation of xylose monomers requires two steps: 1) cleavage of the xylosidic bonds, and 2) cleavage of covalently bonded acetyl ester groups. RESULTS In this study, we show that the latter may be the rate limiting step for xylose monomer formation. Furthermore, acetyl groups are also found to be a cause of biomass recalcitrance and hydrolyzate toxicity. While the removal of acetyl groups from native corn stover by alkaline de-esterification prior to pretreatment improves overall process yields, the exact impact is highly dependent on the corn stover variety in use. Xylose monomer yields in pretreatment generally increases by greater than 10%. Compared to pretreated corn stover controls, the deacetylated corn stover feedstock is approximately 20% more digestible after pretreatment. Finally, by lowering hydrolyzate toxicity, xylose utilization and ethanol yields are further improved during fermentation by roughly 10% and 7%, respectively. In this study, several varieties of corn stover lots were investigated to test the robustness of the deacetylation-pretreatment-saccharification-fermentation process. CONCLUSIONS Deacetylation shows significant improvement on glucose and xylose yields during pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, but it also reduces hydrolyzate toxicity during fermentation, thereby improving ethanol yields and titer. The magnitude of effect is dependent on the selected corn stover variety, with several varieties achieving improvements of greater than 10% xylose yield in pretreatment, 20% glucose yield in low solids enzymatic hydrolysis and 7% overall ethanol yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Chen
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80127, USA
| | - Joseph Shekiro
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80127, USA
| | - Mary Ann Franden
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80127, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80127, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80127, USA
| | - Erik Kuhn
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80127, USA
| | - David K Johnson
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80127, USA
| | - Melvin P Tucker
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80127, USA
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Garlock RJ, Balan V, Dale BE, Pallapolu VR, Lee YY, Kim Y, Mosier NS, Ladisch MR, Holtzapple MT, Falls M, Sierra-Ramirez R, Shi J, Ebrik MA, Redmond T, Yang B, Wyman CE, Donohoe BS, Vinzant TB, Elander RT, Hames B, Thomas S, Warner RE. Comparative material balances around pretreatment technologies for the conversion of switchgrass to soluble sugars. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:11063-71. [PMID: 21524908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
For this project, six chemical pretreatments were compared for the Consortium for Applied Fundamentals and Innovation (CAFI): ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX), dilute sulfuric acid (DA), lime, liquid hot water (LHW), soaking in aqueous ammonia (SAA), and sulfur dioxide (SO(2)). For each pretreatment, a material balance was analyzed around the pretreatment, optional post-washing step, and enzymatic hydrolysis of Dacotah switchgrass. All pretreatments+enzymatic hydrolysis solubilized over two-thirds of the available glucan and xylan. Lime, post-washed LHW, and SO(2) achieved >83% total glucose yields. Lime, post-washed AFEX, and DA achieved >83% total xylose yields. Alkaline pretreatments, except AFEX, solubilized the most lignin and a portion of the xylan as xylo-oligomers. As pretreatment pH decreased, total solubilized xylan and released monomeric xylose increased. Low temperature-long time or high temperature-short time pretreatments are necessary for high glucose release from late-harvest Dacotah switchgrass but high temperatures may cause xylose degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Garlock
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3900 Collins Road, Lansing, MI 48910, USA.
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Vanderghem C, Richel A, Jacquet N, Blecker C, Paquot M. Impact of formic/acetic acid and ammonia pre-treatments on chemical structure and physico-chemical properties of Miscanthus x giganteus lignins. Polym Degrad Stab 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Le Ngoc Huyen T, Queneudec T'kint M, Remond C, Chabbert B, Dheilly RM. Saccharification of Miscanthus x giganteus, incorporation of lignocellulosic by-product in cementitious matrix. C R Biol 2011; 334:837.e1-837.e11. [PMID: 22078741 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Given the non competition of miscanthus with food and animal feed, this lignocellulosic species has attracted attention as a possible biofuel resource. However, sustainability of ethanol production from lignocelluloses biomass would imply reduction in the consumption of chemicals and/or energetic means, but also valorization of the lignocellulosic by-product remaining from enzymatic saccharification. Introduction of these by-products into a cementitious matrix could be used in manufacturing a lightweight composite. Miscanthus biomass was submitted to chemical pretreatments followed by saccharification using an enzymatic cocktail. Residues from saccharification were then mixed with a cementitious matrix. Given their mechanical properties and a good adherence between cement and by-product, the hardened materials could be used. However, the delay in the beginning of setting time is too long, which prevents the direct use of by-product into cementitious matrix. Preliminary experiments using a setting accelerator in the cementitious matrix permitted significant reduction in the setting time delay.
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