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Chen K, Yao C, Sun M, Li Q, Luo Z, Lan Y, Chen Y, Chen S. Raman spectroscopic analysis for osteoporosis identification in humans with hip fractures. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 314:124193. [PMID: 38569386 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a significant health concern. While multiple techniques have been utilized to diagnose this condition, certain limitations still persist. Raman spectroscopy has shown promise in predicting bone strength in animal models, but its application to humans requires further investigation. In this study, we present an in vitro approach for predicting osteoporosis in 10 patients with hip fractures using Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra were acquired from exposed femoral heads collected during surgery. Employing a leave-one-out cross-validated linear discriminant analysis (LOOCV-LDA), we achieved accurate classification (90 %) between osteoporotic and osteopenia groups. Additionally, a LOOCV partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis based on the complete Raman spectra demonstrated a significant prediction (r2 = 0.84, p < 0.05) of bone mineral density as measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first successful demonstration of Raman spectroscopy correlating with osteoporotic status in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Chen
- Foshan Graduate School of Innovation, Northeastern University, Foshan 528311, China.
| | - Chunguang Yao
- Foshan Graduate School of Innovation, Northeastern University, Foshan 528311, China; College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Mengya Sun
- Foshan Graduate School of Innovation, Northeastern University, Foshan 528311, China; College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Qiang Li
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528211, China
| | - Zhaoxin Luo
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528211, China
| | - Yifeng Lan
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528211, China
| | - Yangxin Chen
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528211, China.
| | - Shuo Chen
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
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Bracher S, Voumard B, Simon M, Kochetkova T, Pretterklieber M, Zysset P. Bone collagen tensile properties of the aging human proximal femur. Bone Rep 2024; 21:101773. [PMID: 38778833 PMCID: PMC11109327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the dominant role of bone mass in osteoporotic fractures, aging bone tissue properties must be thoroughly understood to improve osteoporosis management. In this context, collagen content and integrity are considered important factors, although limited research has been conducted on the tensile behavior of demineralized compact bone in relation to its porosity and elastic properties in the native mineralized state. Therefore, this study aims (i) at examining the age-dependency of mineralized bone and collagen micromechanical properties; (ii) to test whether, and if so to which extent, collagen properties contribute to mineralized bone mechanical properties. Two cylindrical cortical bone samples from fresh frozen human anatomic donor material were extracted from 80 proximal diaphyseal sections from a cohort of 24 female and 19 male donors (57 to 96 years at death). One sample per section was tested in uniaxial tension under hydrated conditions. First, the native sample was tested elastically (0.25 % strain), and after demineralization, up to failure. Morphology and composition of the second specimen was assessed using micro-computed tomography, Raman spectroscopy, and gravimetric methods. Simple and multiple linear regression were employed to relate morphological, compositional, and mechanical variables with age and sex. Macro-tensile properties revealed that only elastic modulus of native samples was age dependent whereas apparent elastic modulus was sex dependent (p < 0.01). Compositional and morphological analysis detected a weak but significant age and sex dependency of relative mineral weight (r = -0.24, p < 0.05) and collagen disorder ratio (I∼1670/I∼1640, r = 0.25, p < 0.05) and a strong sex dependency of bone volume fraction while generally showing consistent results in mineral content assessment. Young's modulus of demineralized bone was significantly related to tissue mineral density and Young's modulus of native bone. The results indicate that mechanical properties of the organic phase, that include collagen and non-collagenous proteins, are independent of donor age. The observed reduction in relative mineral weight and corresponding overall stiffer response of the collagen network may be caused by a reduced number of mineral-collagen connections and a lack of extrafibrillar and intrafibrillar mineralization that induces a loss of waviness and a collagen fiber pre-stretch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bracher
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Voumard
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Simon
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Kochetkova
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Pretterklieber
- Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
- Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Philippe Zysset
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Ren H, Mao K, Yuan X, Mu Y, Zhao S, Fan X, Zhu L, Ye Z, Lan J. AN698/40746067 suppresses bone marrow adiposity to ameliorate hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis through targeted inhibition of ENTR1. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116843. [PMID: 38810405 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis is marked by increased bone marrow adiposity, and treatment with statins for hyperlipidemia often leads to new-onset osteoporosis. Endosome-associated trafficking regulator 1 (ENTR1) has been found to interact with different proteins in pathophysiology, but its exact role in adipogenesis is not yet understood. This research aimed to explore the role of ENTR1 in adipogenesis and to discover a new small molecule that targets ENTR1 for evaluating its effectiveness in treating hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis. We found that ENTR1 expression increased during the adipogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMSCs). ENTR1 gain- and loss-of-function assays significantly enhanced lipid droplets formation. Mechanistically, ENTR1 binds peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and enhances its expression, thereby elevating adipogenic markers including C/EBPα and LDLR. Therapeutically, AN698/40746067 attenuated adipogenesis by targeting ENTR1 to suppress PPARγ. In vivo, AN698/40746067 reduced bone marrow adiposity and bone loss, as well as prevented lipogenesis-related obesity, inflammation, steatohepatitis, and abnormal serum lipid levels during hyperlipidemia. Together, these findings suggest that ENTR1 facilitates adipogenesis by PPARγ involved in BMSCs' differentiation, and targeted inhibition of ENTR1 by AN698/40746067 may offer a promising therapy for addressing lipogenesis-related challenges and alleviating osteoporosis following hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Ren
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Kai Mao
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yuqing Mu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shuaiqi Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 261053 China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhou Ye
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jing Lan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China.
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López Valdés FJ, Vázquez Sanz C, Victoria Rodríguez I, Forriol F. [Translated article] Mechanical properties variations of immature bone in the earliest stages of development. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2024; 68:T271-T279. [PMID: 38621437 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone as a material varies its composition and mechanical properties throughout life. Although these variations are better understood in adulthood, there is little experimental information on the variation of these properties in early stages of development. The objective of this study is to analyze the mechanical behavior and chemical properties of cortical bone tissue from two animal species in these earliest stages. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY Twenty specimens of cortical bone were manufactured from bovine and ovine species that were in different stages of development (feeding exclusively on breast milk, in the transition period to feed or pasture, and young animals but on a solid food diet). The specimens were subjected to tensile tests, recorded with a high-speed camera to obtain deformation maps. Measurements of the tensile force until the specimen broke were also carried out. A fractographic study was carried out with a scanning electron microscope to analyze the fracture surface and an analysis of the amount of calcium in each of the specimens using X-ray dispersion spectroscopy. RESULTS A statistically significant and positive correlation was found between the elastic modulus of the specimens and their calcium content. A trend towards more rigid behavior with age was observed. CONCLUSIONS Young bone tissue tends to stiffen with age as the calcium content increases with an increase in elastic modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J López Valdés
- MOBIOS Lab, Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Vázquez Sanz
- MOBIOS Lab, Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Victoria Rodríguez
- MOBIOS Lab, Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Forriol
- MOBIOS Lab, Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain.
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Matthies L, Gebrekidan MT, Braeuer AS, Friedrich RE, Stelzle F, Schmidt C, Smeets R, Assaf AT, Gosau M, Rolvien T, Knipfer C. Raman spectroscopy and U-Net deep neural network in antiresorptive drug-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2439-2452. [PMID: 37650266 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Application of an optical method for the identification of antiresorptive drug-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ). METHODS We introduce shifted-excitation Raman difference spectroscopy followed by U-Net deep neural network refinement to determine bone tissue viability. The obtained results are validated through established histological methods. RESULTS Discrimination of osteonecrosis from physiological tissues was evaluated at 119 distinct measurement loci in 40 surgical specimens from 28 patients. Mean Raman spectra were refined from 11,900 raw spectra, and characteristic peaks were assigned to their respective molecular origin. Then, following principal component and linear discriminant analyses, osteonecrotic lesions were distinguished from physiological tissue entities, such as viable bone, with a sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of 100%. Moreover, bone mineral content, quality, maturity, and crystallinity were quantified, revealing an increased mineral-to-matrix ratio and decreased carbonate-to-phosphate ratio in ARONJ lesions compared to physiological bone. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate feasibility with high classification accuracy in this collective. The differentiation was determined by the spectral features of the organic and mineral composition of bone. This merely optical, noninvasive technique is a promising candidate to ameliorate both the diagnosis and treatment of ARONJ in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Matthies
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Medhanie T Gebrekidan
- Institute of Thermal-, Environmental- and Resources' Process Engineering (ITUN), Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (TUBAF), Freiberg, Germany
| | - Andreas S Braeuer
- Institute of Thermal-, Environmental- and Resources' Process Engineering (ITUN), Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (TUBAF), Freiberg, Germany
| | - Reinhard E Friedrich
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Stelzle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Constantin Schmidt
- Division of Orthopedics, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Division of "Regenerative Orofacial Medicine", Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandre T Assaf
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Gosau
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Rolvien
- Division of Orthopedics, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Knipfer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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López Valdés FJ, Vázquez Sanz C, Victoria Rodríguez I, Forriol F. Mechanical properties variations of immature bone in the earliest stages of development. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2024; 68:271-279. [PMID: 38043739 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2023.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone as a material varies its composition and mechanical properties throughout life. Although these variations are better understood in adulthood, there is little experimental information on the variation of these properties in early stages of development. The objective of this study is to analyze the mechanical behavior and chemical properties of cortical bone tissue from two animal species in these earliest stages. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY Twenty specimens of cortical bone were manufactured from bovine and ovine species that were in different stages of development (feeding exclusively on breast milk, in the transition period to feed or pasture, and young animals but on a solid food diet). The specimens were subjected to tensile tests, recorded with a high-speed camera to obtain deformation maps. Measurements of the tensile force until the specimen broke were also carried out. A fractographic study was carried out with a scanning electron microscope to analyze the fracture surface and an analysis of the amount of calcium in each of the specimens using X-ray dispersion spectroscopy. RESULTS A statistically significant and positive correlation was found between the elastic modulus of the specimens and their calcium content. A trend towards more rigid behavior with age was observed. CONCLUSIONS Young bone tissue tends to stiffen with age as the calcium content increases with an increase in elastic modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J López Valdés
- MOBIOS Lab, Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, España
| | - C Vázquez Sanz
- MOBIOS Lab, Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, España
| | - I Victoria Rodríguez
- MOBIOS Lab, Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, España
| | - F Forriol
- MOBIOS Lab, Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, España.
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Jahani B, Vaidya R, Jin JM, Aboytes DA, Broz KS, Krothapalli S, Pujari B, Baig WM, Tang SY. Assessment of bovine cortical bone fracture behavior using impact microindentation as a surrogate of fracture toughness. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziad012. [PMID: 38505533 PMCID: PMC10945719 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The fracture behavior of bone is critically important for evaluating its mechanical competence and ability to resist fractures. Fracture toughness is an intrinsic material property that quantifies a material's ability to withstand crack propagation under controlled conditions. However, properly conducting fracture toughness testing requires the access to calibrated mechanical load frames and the destructive testing of bone samples, and therefore fracture toughness tests are clinically impractical. Impact microindentation mimicks certain aspects of fracture toughness measurements, but its relationship with fracture toughness remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to compare measurements of notched fracture toughness and impact microindentation in fresh and boiled bovine bone. Skeletally mature bovine bone specimens (n = 48) were prepared, and half of them were boiled to denature the organic matrix, while the other half remained preserved in frozen conditions. All samples underwent a notched fracture toughness test to determine their resistance to crack initiation (KIC) and an impact microindentation test using the OsteoProbe to obtain the Bone Material Strength index (BMSi). Boiling the bone samples increased the denatured collagen content, while mineral density and porosity remained unaffected. The boiled bones also showed significant reduction in both KIC (P < .0001) and the average BMSi (P < .0001), leading to impaired resistance of bone to crack propagation. Remarkably, the average BMSi exhibited a high correlation with KIC (r = 0.86; P < .001). A ranked order difference analysis confirmed the excellent agreement between the 2 measures. This study provides the first evidence that impact microindentation could serve as a surrogate measure for bone fracture behavior. The potential of impact microindentation to assess bone fracture resistance with minimal sample disruption could offer valuable insights into bone health without the need for cumbersome testing equipment and sample destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Jahani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Rachana Vaidya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - James M Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Donald A Aboytes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Kaitlyn S Broz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Siva Krothapalli
- School of Medicine, St Louis University, MO 63104, United States
| | - Bhanuteja Pujari
- School of Medicine, St Louis University, MO 63104, United States
| | - Walee M Baig
- Department of Biology and Environmental Health, Missouri Southern State University, Joplin, MO 64801, United States
| | - Simon Y Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
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Liu H, Jiang H, Liu X, Wang X. Physicochemical understanding of biomineralization by molecular vibrational spectroscopy: From mechanism to nature. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20230033. [PMID: 38264681 PMCID: PMC10742219 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The process and mechanism of biomineralization and relevant physicochemical properties of mineral crystals are remarkably sophisticated multidisciplinary fields that include biology, chemistry, physics, and materials science. The components of the organic matter, structural construction of minerals, and related mechanical interaction, etc., could help to reveal the unique nature of the special mineralization process. Herein, the paper provides an overview of the biomineralization process from the perspective of molecular vibrational spectroscopy, including the physicochemical properties of biomineralized tissues, from physiological to applied mineralization. These physicochemical characteristics closely to the hierarchical mineralization process include biological crystal defects, chemical bonding, atomic doping, structural changes, and content changes in organic matter, along with the interface between biocrystals and organic matter as well as the specific mechanical effects for hardness and toughness. Based on those observations, the special physiological properties of mineralization for enamel and bone, as well as the possible mechanism of pathological mineralization and calcification such as atherosclerosis, tumor micro mineralization, and urolithiasis are also reviewed and discussed. Indeed, the clearly defined physicochemical properties of mineral crystals could pave the way for studies on the mechanisms and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
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Kochetkova T, Hanke MS, Indermaur M, Groetsch A, Remund S, Neuenschwander B, Michler J, Siebenrock KA, Zysset P, Schwiedrzik J. Composition and micromechanical properties of the femoral neck compact bone in relation to patient age, sex and hip fracture occurrence. Bone 2023; 177:116920. [PMID: 37769956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Current clinical methods of bone health assessment depend to a great extent on bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. However, these methods only act as a proxy for bone strength and are often only carried out after the fracture occurs. Besides BMD, composition and tissue-level mechanical properties are expected to affect the whole bone's strength and toughness. While the elastic properties of the bone extracellular matrix (ECM) have been extensively investigated over the past two decades, there is still limited knowledge of the yield properties and their relationship to composition and architecture. In the present study, morphological, compositional and micropillar compression bone data was collected from patients who underwent hip arthroplasty. Femoral neck samples from 42 patients were collected together with anonymous clinical information about age, sex and primary diagnosis (coxarthrosis or hip fracture). The femoral neck cortex from the inferomedial region was analyzed in a site-matched manner using a combination of micromechanical testing (nanoindentation, micropillar compression) together with micro-CT and quantitative polarized Raman spectroscopy for both morphological and compositional characterization. Mechanical properties, as well as the sample-level mineral density, were constant over age. Only compositional properties demonstrate weak dependence on patient age: decreasing mineral to matrix ratio (p = 0.02, R2 = 0.13, 2.6 % per decade) and increasing amide I sub-peak ratio I∼1660/I∼1683 (p = 0.04, R2 = 0.11, 1.5 % per decade). The patient's sex and diagnosis did not seem to influence investigated bone properties. A clear zonal dependence between interstitial and osteonal cortical zones was observed for compositional and elastic bone properties (p < 0.0001). Site-matched microscale analysis confirmed that all investigated mechanical properties except yield strain demonstrate a positive correlation with the mineral fraction of bone. The output database is the first to integrate the experimentally assessed microscale yield properties, local tissue composition and morphology with the available patient clinical information. The final dataset was used for bone fracture risk prediction in-silico through the principal component analysis and the Naïve Bayes classification algorithm. The analysis showed that the mineral to matrix ratio, indentation hardness and micropillar yield stress are the most relevant parameters for bone fracture risk prediction at 70 % model accuracy (0.71 AUC). Due to the low number of samples, further studies to build a universal fracture prediction algorithm are anticipated with the higher number of patients (N > 200). The proposed classification algorithm together with the output dataset of bone tissue properties can be used for the future comparison of existing methods to evaluate bone quality as well as to form a better understanding of the mechanisms through which bone tissue is affected by aging or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Kochetkova
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun, Switzerland.
| | - Markus S Hanke
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Indermaur
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Groetsch
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Remund
- Institute for Applied Laser, Photonics and Surface Technologies (ALPS), Bern University of Applied Sciences, Burgdorf, Switzerland
| | - Beat Neuenschwander
- Institute for Applied Laser, Photonics and Surface Technologies (ALPS), Bern University of Applied Sciences, Burgdorf, Switzerland
| | - Johann Michler
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Klaus A Siebenrock
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Zysset
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Schwiedrzik
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun, Switzerland.
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Massie C, Knapp E, Awad HA, Berger AJ. Detection of osteoporotic-related bone changes and prediction of distal radius strength using Raman spectra from excised human cadaver finger bones. J Biomech 2023; 161:111852. [PMID: 37924650 PMCID: PMC10872783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
While osteoporosis is reliably diagnosed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), screening rates are alarmingly low, contributing to preventable fractures. Raman spectroscopy (RS) can detect biochemical changes that occur in bones transcutaneously and can arguably be more accessible than DXA as a fracture risk assessment. A reasonable approach to translate RS is to interrogate phalangeal bones of human hands, where the soft tissues covering the bone are less likely to hamper transcutaneous measurements. To that end, we set out to first determine whether Raman spectra obtained from phalangeal bones correlate with distal radius fracture strength, which can predict subsequent osteoporotic fractures at the spine and hip. We performed RS upon diaphyseal and epiphyseal regions of exposed proximal phalanges from 12 cadaver forearms classified as healthy (n = 3), osteopenic (n = 4), or osteoporotic (n = 5) based on wrist T-scores measured by DXA. We observed a significant decrease in phosphate to matrix ratio and a significant increase in carbonate substitution in the osteoporotic phalanges relative to healthy and osteopenic phalanges. Multivariate regression models produced wrist T-score estimates with significant correlation to the DXA-measured values (r = 0.79). Furthermore, by accounting for phalangeal RS parameters, body mass index, and age, a multivariate regression significantly predicted distal radius strength measured in a simulated-fall biomechanical test (r = 0.81). These findings demonstrate the feasibility of interrogating the phalanges using RS for bone quality assessment of distant clinical sites of fragility fractures, such as the wrist. Future work will address transcutaneous measurement challenges as another requirement for scale-up and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Massie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 207 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Emma Knapp
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Hani A Awad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 207 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Andrew J Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 207 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 275 Hutchison Rd, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
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Lima-Verde MEQ, de Queiroz Rodrigues MI, Vieira BR, Lima-Verde Neto FTG, Agressott EVH, de Sousa FB, Paschoal AR, de Barros Silva PG, Sousa FB, Mota MRL, Alves APNN. Zoledronate treatment exerts sex-independent effects on bone and dental physicochemical properties in mice jaw necrosis. J Bone Miner Metab 2023; 41:760-771. [PMID: 37673837 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bisphosphonate (BF) therapy is strongly related to the occurrence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). However, no previous study has evaluated if there are sex-related differences on the ONJ establishment together with bone biomechanical alterations, and if they could have a synergy with the ZA treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical properties of mineralized tissues in a zoledronate (ZA)-related osteonecrosis mouse model, by a 2 × 2-factorial design, considering sex (female/male) and treatment (ZA/Saline) factors (n = 8/group). After three ZA (1.0 mg/kg) or saline administrations (days 0, 7, 14), the lower left second molar was extracted (day 42). Further ZA administration (day 49) and euthanasia (day 70) were conducted. After confirmation of ZA-induced jaw necrosis (histologic and microtomographic analysis), spectroscopic and mechanical parameters were assessed. RESULTS ZA-treated groups presented lower bone density due to impaired healing of tooth extraction socket. Sex-related alterations were also observed, with lower bone density in females. Regarding biomechanical parameters, sex and treatment exerted independent influences. ZA, although decreasing flexural modulus and yield stress, increases stiffness mainly due to a higher bone volume. Females show less resistance to higher loads compared to males (considering dimension-independent parameters). Additionally, ZA increases crystallinity in bone and dental structure (p < 0.05). In summary, although strongly related to osteonecrosis occurrence, ZA modifies bone and dental mineral matrix, improving bone mechanical properties. CONCLUSION Despite sex-dependent differences in bone biomechanics and density, osteonecrosis was established with no sex influence. No synergistic association between sex and treatment factors was observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Quezado Lima-Verde
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Rua Monsenhor Furtado, S/N, Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Maria Imaculada de Queiroz Rodrigues
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Rua Monsenhor Furtado, S/N, Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Basílio Rodrigues Vieira
- Health Sciences Center, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | | | - Frederico Barbosa de Sousa
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Rua Monsenhor Furtado, S/N, Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Bitu Sousa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Rua Monsenhor Furtado, S/N, Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mário Rogério Lima Mota
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Rua Monsenhor Furtado, S/N, Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes Alves
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Rua Monsenhor Furtado, S/N, Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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12
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Fertaki S, Giannoutsou P, Orkoula MG. Combining Raman Microspectroscopy and X-ray Microcomputed Tomography for the Study of Bone Quality in Apolipoprotein-Deficient Animal Models. Molecules 2023; 28:7196. [PMID: 37894675 PMCID: PMC10609250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Raman microspectroscopy and X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) were used for assessment of the quality of the femur and tibia bones in apolipoprotein-deficient mice compared to control littermates. The cortical and trabecular bone was investigated separately. Raman spectra revealed no differences in the bioapatite-to-collagenous matrix ratio of the cortical bone. The quantities of calcium and collagen, which were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively, were also found to be equal in the two groups. Density and morphometric parameters, which were measured using micro-CT, verified the cortical mineral stability. Bone quality indices were measured using Raman spectra. A decreased collagen crosslink (trivalent-to-divalent) ratio revealed delayed maturation of the collagen network. Such a decrease has been reported in the literature to be connected to decreased bone strength. For the trabecular bone, micro-CT revealed severe osteoporosis in the knock-out group, which was evident from a decreased mineral density, trabecular thickness and increased bone surface/volume ratio. The trabecular bone was not accessible for Raman spectroscopy. According to these results, the cortical and trabecular femur bone is expected to exhibit proneness to fracturing, each for a different reason. A combination of the two techniques was regarded as necessary for an overall assessment of bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Fertaki
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperatures, FORTH/ICE-HT, 265 04 Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiota Giannoutsou
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperatures, FORTH/ICE-HT, 265 04 Patras, Greece
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13
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Arora D, Taylor EA, King KB, Donnelly E. Increased tissue modulus and hardness in the TallyHO mouse model of early onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287825. [PMID: 37418415 PMCID: PMC10328374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a higher fracture risk compared to those without T2DM despite having higher bone mineral density (BMD). Thus, T2DM may alter other aspects of resistance to fracture beyond BMD such as bone geometry, microarchitecture, and tissue material properties. We characterized the skeletal phenotype and assessed the effects of hyperglycemia on bone tissue mechanical and compositional properties in the TallyHO mouse model of early-onset T2DM using nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopy. Femurs and tibias were harvested from male TallyHO and C57Bl/6J mice at 26 weeks of age. The minimum moment of inertia assessed by micro-computed tomography was smaller (-26%) and cortical porosity was greater (+490%) in TallyHO femora compared to controls. In three-point bending tests to failure, the femoral ultimate moment and stiffness did not differ but post-yield displacement was lower (-35%) in the TallyHO mice relative to that in C57Bl/6J age-matched controls after adjusting for body mass. The cortical bone in the tibia of TallyHO mice was stiffer and harder, as indicated by greater mean tissue nanoindentation modulus (+22%) and hardness (+22%) compared to controls. Raman spectroscopic mineral:matrix ratio and crystallinity were greater in TallyHO tibiae than in C57Bl/6J tibiae (mineral:matrix +10%, p < 0.05; crystallinity +0.41%, p < 0.10). Our regression model indicated that greater values of crystallinity and collagen maturity were associated with reduced ductility observed in the femora of the TallyHO mice. The maintenance of structural stiffness and strength of TallyHO mouse femora despite reduced geometric resistance to bending could potentially be explained by increased tissue modulus and hardness, as observed at the tibia. Finally, with worsening glycemic control, tissue hardness and crystallinity increased, and bone ductility decreased in TallyHO mice. Our study suggests that these material factors may be sentinels of bone embrittlement in adolescents with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daksh Arora
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Erik A. Taylor
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Karen B. King
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, United States of America
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14
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Aikawa Y, Noma Y, Agata U, Kakutani Y, Hattori S, Ogata H, Kiyono K, Omi N. Running exercise and food restriction affect bone chemical properties in young female rats. Phys Act Nutr 2023; 27:62-69. [PMID: 37583073 PMCID: PMC10440179 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2023.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of a combination of running and food restriction on the chemical properties of the bone in young female rats using Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, we investigated whether the chemical property parameters correlated with the bone-breaking strength. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats (7 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary and ad libitum feeding (SED, n = 8), voluntary running exercise and ad libitum feeding (EX, n = 8), sedentary and 30% food-restricted (SED-FR, n = 8), and voluntary running exercise and 30% food-restricted (EXFR, n = 8). The experiment was conducted for a period of 12 weeks. Four parameters measured by Raman spectroscopy were used to evaluate the bone chemical quality. RESULTS Exercise and restriction had significant interactions on the mineral to matrix ratio. The mineral- to-matrix ratio in the SED-FR group was significantly higher than that in the SED group and significantly lower in the EX-FR group than that in the SED-FR group. Running exercise had significant effects on increasing the crystallinity and carbonate-to-phosphate ratio. In the ad libitum intake condition, there were significant positive correlations between breaking energy and crystallinity (r = 0.593) and between breaking energy and carbonate-to-phosphate ratio (r = 0.854). CONCLUSION Our findings show that running exercise and food restriction, alone or in combination, affect the chemical properties of bone. Furthermore, under ad libitum intake conditions, positive correlations were found between the breaking energy and crystallinity, or carbonate-to-phosphate ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Aikawa
- Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Tsu City College, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yuich Noma
- Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Umon Agata
- Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Business Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Japan
| | - Yuya Kakutani
- Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Osaka Shoin Women’s University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hattori
- Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ogata
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ken Kiyono
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Naomi Omi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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15
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Monahan GE, Schiavi-Tritz J, Britton M, Vaughan TJ. Longitudinal alterations in bone morphometry, mechanical integrity and composition in Type-2 diabetes in a Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat. Bone 2023; 170:116672. [PMID: 36646266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) have an increased risk of bone fracture, without a reduction in bone mineral density. It is hypothesised that the hyperglycaemic state caused by T2D forms an excess of Advanced Glycated End-products (AGEs) in the organic matrix of bone, which are thought to stiffen the collagen network and lead to impaired mechanical properties. However, the mechanisms are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the geometrical, structural and material properties of diabetic cortical bone during the development and progression of T2D in ZDF (fa/fa) rats at 12-, 26- and 46-weeks of age. Longitudinal bone growth was impaired as early as 12-weeks of age and by 46-weeks bone size was significantly reduced in ZDF (fa/fa) rats versus controls (fa/+). Diabetic rats had significant structural deficits, such as bending rigidity, ultimate moment and energy-to-failure measured via three-point bend testing. Tissue material properties, measured by taking bone geometry into account, were altered as the disease progressed, with significant reductions in yield and ultimate strength for ZDF (fa/fa) rats at 46-weeks. FTIR analysis on cortical bone powder demonstrated that the tissue material deficits coincided with changes in tissue composition, in ZDF (fa/fa) rats with long-term diabetes having a reduced carbonate:phosphate ratio and increased acid phosphate content when compared to age-matched controls, indicative of an altered bone turnover process. AGE accumulation, measured via fluorescent assays, was higher in the skin of ZDF (fa/fa) rats with long-term T2D, bone AGEs did not differ between strains and neither AGEs correlated with bone strength. In conclusion, bone fragility in the diabetic ZDF (fa/fa) rats likely occurs through a multifactorial mechanism influenced initially by impaired bone growth and development and proceeding to an altered bone turnover process that reduces bone quality and impairs biomechanical properties as the disease progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genna E Monahan
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jessica Schiavi-Tritz
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR, 7274 Nancy, France
| | - Marissa Britton
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ted J Vaughan
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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16
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Dibazar ZE, Nie L, Azizi M, Nekounam H, Hamidi M, Shavandi A, Izadi Z, Delattre C. Bioceramics/Electrospun Polymeric Nanofibrous and Carbon Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2799. [PMID: 37049093 PMCID: PMC10095723 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering integrates biomaterials, cells, and bioactive agents to propose sophisticated treatment options over conventional choices. Scaffolds have central roles in this scenario, and precisely designed and fabricated structures with the highest similarity to bone tissue have shown promising outcomes. On the other hand, using nanotechnology and nanomaterials as the enabling options confers fascinating properties to the scaffolds, such as precisely tailoring the physicochemical features and better interactions with cells and surrounding tissues. Among different nanomaterials, polymeric nanofibers and carbon nanofibers have attracted significant attention due to their similarity to bone extracellular matrix (ECM) and high surface-to-volume ratio. Moreover, bone ECM is a biocomposite of collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite crystals; accordingly, researchers have tried to mimic this biocomposite using the mineralization of various polymeric and carbon nanofibers and have shown that the mineralized nanofibers are promising structures to augment the bone healing process in the tissue engineering scenario. In this paper, we reviewed the bone structure, bone defects/fracture healing process, and various structures/cells/growth factors applicable to bone tissue engineering applications. Then, we highlighted the mineralized polymeric and carbon nanofibers and their fabrication methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ebrahimvand Dibazar
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165687386, Iran
| | - Lei Nie
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Mehdi Azizi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838636, Iran
| | - Houra Nekounam
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Masoud Hamidi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amin Shavandi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zhila Izadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 Rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
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Vázquez Sanz C, Victoria Rodríguez I, Forriol F, Tejado E, Lopez-Valdes FJ. Variation in Juvenile Long Bone Properties as a Function of Age: Mechanical and Compositional Characterization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1637. [PMID: 36837267 PMCID: PMC9967109 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a heterogeneous, hierarchical biocomposite material made of an organic matrix filled with a mineral component, which plays an important role in bone strength. Although the effect of the mineral/matrix ratio on the mechanical properties of bone during aging has been intensively investigated, the relationship between the mechanical properties and the chemical composition of bone with age requires additional research in juvenile individuals. In this study, bone coupons from bovine and ovine animal species were machined from cortical areas of long bones to quantify whether the variation in mechanical properties at different stages of development is related to the change in the composition of bone tissue. An energy-dispersive X-ray detector (EDX) attached to a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to perform a compositional analysis of the tissue. In addition, nanoindentation analyses were carried out to address how the elastic modulus changed with age. Nonparametric statistical analyses found significant differences (p < 0.05) in Ca content and elastic modulus between species, but no differences were found within each species with development. A multiple linear regression model found that the elastic modulus was significantly related to the decrease in P and C in the samples, to the animal species (larger in bovine), and development, although not linearly. This model also found an interaction between Ca and development that could explain the lack of significance of the relationship between the elastic modulus and development in the univariate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vázquez Sanz
- Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Victoria Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Forriol
- Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Tejado
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales-CIME, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Lopez-Valdes
- Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica (IIT), ICAI School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Wehrle-Martinez A, Waterland MR, Naffa R, Lawrence K, Back PJ, Rogers CW, Dittmer K. Bone quality changes as measured by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy in primiparous cows with humeral fracture from New Zealand. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1063427. [PMID: 36846251 PMCID: PMC9948244 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1063427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of spontaneous humeral fractures in primiparous dairy cows from New Zealand prompted the study of bone material from affected cows to further characterize this condition and to outline a likely pathogenesis. Previous studies indicate that these cows developed osteoporosis due to periods of suboptimal bone formation followed by increased bone resorption during the period of lactation complicated by copper deficiency. We hypothesized that there are significant differences in the chemical composition/bone quality in bones from cows with spontaneous humeral fracture compared to cows without humeral fractures. In this study, Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy band ratios were, for the first time, measured, calculated, and compared in bone samples from 67 primiparous dairy cows that suffered a spontaneous fracture of the humerus and 14 age-matched post-calving cows without humeral fractures. Affected bone showed a significantly reduced mineral/matrix ratio, increased bone remodeling, newer bone tissue with lower mineralization and, lower carbonate substitution, and reduced crystallinity. As such, is likely that these have detrimentally impacted bone quality and strength in affected cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Wehrle-Martinez
- School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand,*Correspondence: Alvaro Wehrle-Martinez ✉
| | - Mark R. Waterland
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rafea Naffa
- Fonterra Research and Development Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Lawrence
- School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Penny J. Back
- School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand,School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Chris W. Rogers
- School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand,School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Keren Dittmer
- School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Ji C, He B, Yun S, Bai X, Lin B. The fracture mechanical behavior simulation of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite crystals by molecular dynamics and first-principles calculation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 137:105526. [PMID: 36343520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Natural hydroxyapatite provides certain strength and stiffness to biological bones, and most of the studies on the strength of bone tissues have been carried out on hydroxyapatite (HAP). However, the Ca/P ratio of hydroxyapatite in bones is actually about 1.50, and the natural hydroxyapatite belongs to calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) with Ca vacancy defects. Therefore, this work focused on the effect of Ca vacancy defects on CDHA crystals through investigating the generation and expansion of microcracks under uniaxial tensile loading by combining molecular dynamics and first principles method. A series of crystal models with different Ca vacancy ratios are constructed and find that Ca vacancies degrade the mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite. Meanwhile the fracture behavior of crystals is detailed and find that the cracks arise at vacancies and extend along the direction of vacancies. Also, first-principles calculation is performed to reveal the mechanism of crack formation in MD simulations. It is found that the decrease of Ca-O bonding of CDHA causes the decrease of the stability of the crystal structure by analyzing the DOS of HAP and CDHA, and the cracks originate from Ca vacancies. This work performs more realistic simulations of CDHA with calcium vacancy defects in actual bone tissue and directly reveals the development and progression of bone fragility at the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Ji
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Bingnan He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Shiyue Yun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Xinlei Bai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
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Romanowicz GE, Terhune AH, Bielajew BJ, Sexton B, Lynch M, Mandair GS, McNerny EM, Kohn DH. Collagen cross-link profiles and mineral are different between the mandible and femur with site specific response to perturbed collagen. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101629. [PMID: 36325166 PMCID: PMC9618783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Compromises to collagen and mineral lead to a decrease in whole bone quantity and quality in a variety of systemic diseases, yet, clinically, disease manifestations differ between craniofacial and long bones. Collagen alterations can occur through post-translational modification via lysyl oxidase (LOX), which catalyzes enzymatic collagen cross-link formation, as well as through non-enzymatic advanced glycation end products (AGEs) such as pentosidine and carboxymethyl-lysine (CML). Characterization of the cross-links and AGEs, and comparison of the mineral and collagen modifications in craniofacial and long bones represent a critical gap in knowledge. However, alterations to either the mineral or collagen in bone may contribute to disease progression and, subsequently, the anatomical site dependence of a variety of diseases. Therefore, we hypothesized that collagen cross-links and AGEs differ between craniofacial and long bones and that altered collagen cross-linking reduces mineral quality in an anatomic location dependent. To study the effects of cross-link inhibition on mineralization between anatomical sites, beta-aminoproprionitrile (BAPN) was administered to rapidly growing, 5-8 week-old male mice. BAPN is a dose-dependent inhibitor of LOX that pharmacologically alters enzymatic cross-link formation. Long bones (femora) and craniofacial bones (mandibles) were compared for mineral quantity and quality, collagen cross-link and AGE profiles, and tissue level mechanics, as well as the response to altered cross-links via BAPN. A highly sensitive liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was developed which allowed for quantification of site-dependent accumulation of the advanced glycation end-product, carboxymethyl-lysine (CML). CML was ∼8.3× higher in the mandible than the femur. The mandible had significantly higher collagen maturation, mineral crystallinity, and Young's modulus, but lower carbonation, than the femur. BAPN also had anatomic specific effects, leading to significant decreases in mature cross-links in the mandible, and an increase in mineral carbonation in the femur. This differential response of both the mineral and collagen composition to BAPN between the mandible and femur highlights the need to further understand how inherent compositional differences in collagen and mineral contribute to anatomic-site specific manifestations of disease in both craniofacial and long bones.
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Key Words
- AGE, advanced glycation end product
- Advanced glycation end products
- BAPN, beta-aminoproprionitrile
- Biomechanical properties
- Bone quality
- CML, carboxymethyl-lysine
- Collagen cross-link
- DHLNL, dihydroxylysinonorleucine
- DPD, lysylpyridinoline
- Femur
- HLKNL, hydroxylysinoketonorleucine
- HLNL, hydroxylysinonorleucine
- HPLC-FLD, high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
- LC-MS, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
- LH, lysyl hydroxylase
- LKNL, lysinoketonorleucine
- LOX, lysyl oxidase
- Mandible
- Mineralization
- PEN, pentosidine
- PMMA, poly-methyl-methacrylate
- PYD, hydroxylysylpyridinoline
- Pyr, pyrroles
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve E. Romanowicz
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Aidan H. Terhune
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Bielajew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin Sexton
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Michelle Lynch
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Gurjit S. Mandair
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Erin M.B. McNerny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - David H. Kohn
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, MI, USA
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21
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Li Z, Bagchi DP, Zhu J, Bowers E, Yu H, Hardij J, Mori H, Granger K, Skjaerlund J, Mandair G, Abrishami S, Singer K, Hankenson KD, Rosen CJ, MacDougald OA. Constitutive bone marrow adipocytes suppress local bone formation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:160915. [PMID: 36048537 PMCID: PMC9675472 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BM adipocytes (BMAd) are a unique cell population derived from BM mesenchymal progenitors and marrow adipogenic lineage precursors. Although they have long been considered to be a space filler within bone cavities, recent studies have revealed important physiological roles in hematopoiesis and bone metabolism. To date, the approaches used to study BMAd function have been confounded by contributions by nonmarrow adipocytes or by BM stromal cells. To address this gap in the field, we have developed a BMAd-specific Cre mouse model to deplete BMAds by expression of diphtheria toxin A (DTA) or by deletion of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg). We found that DTA-induced loss of BMAds results in decreased hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell numbers and increased bone mass in BMAd-enriched locations, including the distal tibiae and caudal vertebrae. Elevated bone mass appears to be secondary to enhanced endosteal bone formation, suggesting a local effect caused by depletion of BMAd. Augmented bone formation with BMAd depletion protects mice from bone loss induced by caloric restriction or ovariectomy, and it facilitates the bone-healing process after fracture. Finally, ablation of Pparg also reduces BMAd numbers and largely recapitulates high-bone mass phenotypes observed with DTA-induced BMAd depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Li
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | | | - Junxiong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Emily Bowers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | - Julie Hardij
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | | | - Jon Skjaerlund
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gurjit Mandair
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Simin Abrishami
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kurt D. Hankenson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Ormond A. MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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22
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Wurm A, Kühn J, Kugel K, Putzer D, Arora R, Coraça-Huber DC, Zelger P, Badzoka J, Kappacher C, Huck CW, Pallua JD. Raman microscopic spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool to detect Staphylococcus epidermidis in bone grafts. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 280:121570. [PMID: 35779474 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Raman microscopic spectroscopyis a new approach for further characterization and detection of molecular features in many pathological processes. This technique has been successfully applied to scrutinize the spatial distribution of small molecules and proteins within biological systems by in situ analysis. This study uses Raman microscopic spectroscopyto identify any in-depth benefits and drawbacks in diagnosing Staphylococcus epidermidis in human bone grafts. MATERIAL AND METHODS 40 non-infected human bone samples and 10 human bone samples infected with Staphylococcus epidermidis were analyzed using Raman microscopic spectroscopy. Reflectance data were collected between 200 cm-1 and 3600 cm-1 with a spectral resolution of 4 cm-1 using a Senterra II microscope (Bruker, Ettlingen, Germany). The acquired spectral information was used for spectral and unsupervised classification, such as principal component analysis. RESULTS Raman measurements produced distinct diagnostic spectra that were used to distinguish between non-infected human bone samples and Staphylococcus epidermidis infected human bone samples by spectral and principal component analyses. A substantial loss in bone quality and protein conformation was detected by human bone samples co-cultured with Staphylococcus epidermidis. The mineral-to-matrix ratio using the phosphate/Amide I ratio (p = 0.030) and carbonate/phosphate ratio (p = 0.001) indicates that the loss of relative mineral content in bones upon bacterial infection is higher than in non-infected human bones. Also, an increase of alterations in the collagen network (p = 0.048) and a decrease in the structural organization and relative collagen in infected human bone could be detected. Subsequent principal component analyses identified Staphylococcus epidermidis in different spectral regions, respectively, originating mainly from CH2 deformation (wagging) of protein (at 1450 cm-1) and bending and stretching modes of C-H groups (∼2800-3000 cm-1). CONCLUSION Raman microscopic spectroscopyis presented as a promising diagnostic tool to detect Staphylococcus epidermidis in human bone grafts. Further studies in human tissues are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wurm
- University Hospital for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Kühn
- University Hospital for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Kugel
- University Hospital for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Putzer
- University Hospital for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Arora
- University Hospital for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D C Coraça-Huber
- University Hospital for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Zelger
- University Clinic for Hearing, Voice and Speech Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Badzoka
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C Kappacher
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C W Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J D Pallua
- University Hospital for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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23
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Ban MJ, Lee DH, Shin SW, Kim K, Kim S, Oa SW, Kim GH, Park YJ, Jin DR, Lee M, Kang JH. Identifying the acute toxicity of contaminated sediments using machine learning models. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 312:120086. [PMID: 36064062 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ecological risk assessment of contaminated sediment has become a fundamental component of water quality management programs, supporting decision-making for management actions or prompting additional investigations. In this study, we proposed a machine learning (ML)-based approach to assess the ecological risk of contaminated sediment as an alternative to existing index-based methods and costly toxicity testing. The performance of three widely used index-based methods (the pollution load index, potential ecological risk index, and mean probable effect concentration) and three ML algorithms (random forest, support vector machine, and extreme gradient boosting [XGB]) were compared in their prediction of sediment toxicity using 327 nationwide data sets from Korea consisting of 14 sediment quality parameters and sediment toxicity testing data. We also compared the performances of classifiers and regressors in predicting the toxicity for each of RF, SVM, and XGB algorithms. For all algorithms, the classifiers poorly classified toxic and non-toxic samples due to limited information on the sediment composition and the small training dataset. The regressors with a given classification threshold provided better classification, with the XGB regressor outperforming the other models in the classification. A permutation feature importance analysis revealed that Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were major contributors to toxicity prediction. The ML-based approach has the potential to be even more useful in the future with the expected increase in available sediment data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Ban
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wook Shin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Keugtae Kim
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, The University of Suwon, 17 Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18323, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungpyo Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University-Sejong, 2 511, Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Wook Oa
- Department of Railroad and Civil Engineering, Woosong University, Daejeon, 34606, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-Ha Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hannam University, Daejeon, 34430, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Jeong Park
- Water Environmental Engineering Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal Rae Jin
- Water Environmental Engineering Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Lee
- Water Environmental Engineering Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyon Kang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Hara ES, Nagaoka N, Okada M, Nakano T, Matsumoto T. Distinct Morphologies of Bone Apatite Clusters in Endochondral and Intramembranous Ossification. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200076. [PMID: 35859256 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bone apatite crystals grow in clusters, but the microstructure of these clusters is unknown. This study compares the structural and compositional differences between bone apatite clusters formed in intramembranous (IO) and endochondral ossification (EO). Calvaria (IO) and femurs (EO) are isolated from mice at embryonic days (E) 14.5 to 15.5 and post-natal days (P) 6 to 7, respectively. Results show that the initially formed bone apatite clusters in EO (≅1.2 µm2 ) are >10 times larger than those in IO (≅0.1 µm2 ), without significant changes in ion composition. In IO (E14.5 calvarium), early minerals are formed inside matrix vesicles (MVs). In contrast, in EO (P6 femur epiphysis), no MVs are observed, and chondrocyte-derived plasma membrane nanofragments (PMNFs) are the nucleation site for mineralization. Apatite cluster size difference is linked with the different nucleation sites. Moreover, an alkaline pH and slow P supply into a Ca-rich microenvironment are suggested to facilitate apatite cluster growth, as demonstrated in a biomimetic mineralization system. Together, the results reveal for the first time the distinct and exquisite microstructures of bone apatite clusters in IO and EO, and provide insightful inspirations for the design of more efficient materials for bone tissue engineering and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Satoshi Hara
- Department of Biomaterials Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagaoka
- Dental School, Okayama University, Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okada
- Department of Biomaterials Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita-Shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Biomaterials Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
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25
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Reddy Padala S, Saikia D, Mikkonen JJW, Uurasjärvi E, Dekker H, Schulten EAJM, Bravenboer N, Koistinen A, Chauhan A, Singh SP, Kullaa AM. Irradiation Induced Biochemical Changes in Human Mandibular Bone: A Raman Spectroscopic Study. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 76:1165-1173. [PMID: 35684992 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221109244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the biochemical changes in irradiated human mandible after radiotherapy of cancer patients is critical for oral rehabilitation. The underlying mechanism for radiation-associated changes in the bone at the molecular level could lead to implant failure and osteoradionecrosis. The study aimed to assess the chemical composition and bone quality in irradiated human mandibular bone using Raman spectroscopy. A total of 33 bone biopsies from 16 control and 17 irradiated patients were included to quantify different biochemical parameters from the Raman spectra. The differences in bone mineral and matrix band intensities between control and irradiated groups were analyzed using unpaired Student's t-test with statistical significance at p < 0.05. Findings suggest that the intensity of the phosphate band is significantly decreased and the carbonate band is significantly increased in the irradiated group. Further, the mineral crystallinity and carbonate to phosphate ratio are increased. The mineral to matrix ratio is decreased in the irradiated group. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on the local radiation dose and biopsy time interval of irradiated samples did not show any specific classification between irradiation sub-groups. Irradiation disrupted the interaction and bonding between the organic matrix and hydroxyapatite minerals affecting the bone biochemical properties. However, the normal clinical appearance of irradiated bone would have been accompanied by underlying biochemical and microscopical changes which might result in radiation-induced delayed complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimple Saikia
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Bio-Engineering, 477529Indian Institute of Technology, Dharwad, India
| | - Jopi J W Mikkonen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Hannah Dekker
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, The Netherlands
| | - Engelbert A J M Schulten
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Center for Bone Quality, 4501Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arto Koistinen
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Amrita Chauhan
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Bio-Engineering, 477529Indian Institute of Technology, Dharwad, India
| | - Surya P Singh
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Bio-Engineering, 477529Indian Institute of Technology, Dharwad, India
| | - Arja M Kullaa
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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26
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Jia S, Li J, Hu X, Wu X, Gong H. Improved fatigue properties, bone microstructure and blood glucose in type 2 diabetic rats with verapamil treatment. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2022; 98:105719. [PMID: 35882095 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2022.105719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic disease, which leads to a severe complication named increased bone fracture risk. This study aimed to explore if verapamil treatment could improve bone quality of type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Rat models of control, diabetes and verapamil treatment with 4/12/24/48 mg/kg/d were established, respectively. Blood glucose was monitored during 12-week treatment, and bilateral tibiae were collected. Microstructural images of bilateral metaphyseal cancellous bone and high-resolution images of cortical bone of left tibial shafts were obtained by micro-computed tomography. Fatigue properties of bone were evaluated via cyclic compressive tests of right tibial shafts. FINDINGS Verapamil treatment had no significant effect on blood glucose, but blood glucose tended to decline with the increase of verapamil-treated time and dose. Compared with controls, osteocyte lacunar and canal porosities in diabetes and verapamil-treated groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), trabecular separation and degree of anisotropy were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while trabecular tissue mineral density, trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular number in verapamil-treated (48 mg/kg/d) group were significantly higher than those in diabetes (P < 0.05). Compared with diabetes, initial compressive elastic moduli in verapamil-treated (12/24/48 mg/kg/d) groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while secant modulus degradations in verapamil-treated (24/48 mg/kg/d) groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). INTERPRETATION Verapamil could improve bone microstructure and fatigue properties in type 2 diabetic rats; and high-dose verapamil presented a significant effect on improving bone quality. These findings provided a new possibility for preventing the high bone fracture risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Jia
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorong Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - He Gong
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
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27
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Buettmann EG, Goldscheitter GM, Hoppock GA, Friedman MA, Suva LJ, Donahue HJ. Similarities Between Disuse and Age-Induced Bone Loss. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1417-1434. [PMID: 35773785 PMCID: PMC9378610 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Disuse and aging are known risk factors associated with low bone mass and quality deterioration, resulting in increased fracture risk. Indeed, current and emerging evidence implicate a large number of shared skeletal manifestations between disuse and aging scenarios. This review provides a detailed overview of current preclinical models of musculoskeletal disuse and the clinical scenarios they seek to recapitulate. We also explore and summarize the major similarities between bone loss after extreme disuse and advanced aging at multiple length scales, including at the organ/tissue, cellular, and molecular level. Specifically, shared structural and material alterations of bone loss are presented between disuse and aging, including preferential loss of bone at cancellous sites, cortical thinning, and loss of bone strength due to enhanced fragility. At the cellular level bone loss is accompanied, during disuse and aging, by increased bone resorption, decreased formation, and enhanced adipogenesis due to altered gap junction intercellular communication, WNT/β-catenin and RANKL/OPG signaling. Major differences between extreme short-term disuse and aging are discussed, including anatomical specificity, differences in bone turnover rates, periosteal modeling, and the influence of subject sex and genetic variability. The examination also identifies potential shared mechanisms underlying bone loss in aging and disuse that warrant further study such as collagen cross-linking, advanced glycation end products/receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE) signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling, cellular senescence, and altered lacunar-canalicular connectivity (mechanosensation). Understanding the shared structural alterations, changes in bone cell function, and molecular mechanisms common to both extreme disuse and aging are paramount to discovering therapies to combat both age-related and disuse-induced osteoporosis. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan G Buettmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Galen M Goldscheitter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gabriel A Hoppock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael A Friedman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Larry J Suva
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Henry J Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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28
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Damrath JG, Moe SM, Wallace JM. Calcimimetics Alter Periosteal and Perilacunar Bone Matrix Composition and Material Properties in Early Chronic Kidney Disease. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1297-1306. [PMID: 35593150 PMCID: PMC9283238 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 15% of Americans and greatly increases fracture risk due to elevated parathyroid hormone, cortical porosity, and reduced bone material quality. Calcimimetic drugs are used to lower parathyroid hormone (PTH) in CKD patients, but their impact on bone matrix properties remains unknown. We hypothesized that tissue-level bone quality is altered in early CKD and that calcimimetic treatment will prevent these alterations. To test this hypothesis, we treated Cy/+ rats, a model of spontaneous and progressive CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), with KP-2326, a preclinical analogue of etelcalcetide, early in the CKD disease course. To measure tissue-level bone matrix composition and material properties, we performed colocalized Raman spectroscopy and nanoindentation on new periosteal bone and perilacunar bone using hydrated femur sections. We found that CKD and KP treatment lowered mineral type B carbonate substitution whereas KP treatment increased mineral crystallinity in new periosteal bone. Reduced elastic modulus was lower in CKD but was not different in KP-treated rats versus CTRL. In perilacunar bone, KP treatment lowered type B carbonate substitution, increased crystallinity, and increased mineral-to-matrix ratio in a spatially dependent manner. KP treatment also increased reduced elastic modulus and hardness in a spatially dependent manner. Taken together, these data suggest that KP treatment improves material properties on the tissue level through a combination of lowering carbonate substitution, increasing mineral crystallinity, and increasing relative mineralization of the bone early in CKD. As a result, the mechanical properties were improved, and in some regions, were the same as control animals. Therefore, calcimimetics may help prevent CKD-induced bone deterioration by improving bone quality in new periosteal bone and in bone tissue near osteocyte lacunae. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- John G. Damrath
- Weldon School of Biomedical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Sharon M. Moe
- Department of Medicine, Division of NephrologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Joseph M. Wallace
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringIndiana University‐Purdue University at IndianapolisIndianapolisINUSA
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Ishimoto T, Saito M, Ozasa R, Matsumoto Y, Nakano T. Ibandronate Suppresses Changes in Apatite Orientation and Young's Modulus Caused by Estrogen Deficiency in Rat Vertebrae. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 110:736-745. [PMID: 34989822 PMCID: PMC9108105 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone material quality is important for evaluating the mechanical integrity of diseased and/or medically treated bones. However, compared to the knowledge accumulated regarding changes in bone mass, our understanding of the quality of bone material is lacking. In this study, we clarified the changes in bone material quality mainly characterized by the preferential orientation of the apatite c-axis associated with estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis, and their prevention using ibandronate (IBN), a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate. IBN effectively prevented bone loss and degradation of whole bone strength in a dose-dependent manner. The estrogen-deficient condition abnormally increased the degree of apatite orientation along the craniocaudal axis in which principal stress is applied; IBN at higher doses played a role in maintaining the normal orientation of apatite but not at lower doses. The bone size-independent Young's modulus along the craniocaudal axis of the anterior cortical shell of the vertebra showed a significant and positive correlation with apatite orientation; therefore, the craniocaudal Young's modulus abnormally increased under estrogen-deficient conditions, despite a significant decrease in volumetric bone mineral density. However, the abnormal increase in craniocaudal Young's modulus did not compensate for the degradation of whole bone mechanical properties due to the bone loss. In conclusion, it was clarified that changes in the material quality, which are hidden in bone mass evaluation, occur with estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis and IBN treatment. Here, IBN was shown to be a beneficial drug that suppresses abnormal changes in bone mechanical integrity caused by estrogen deficiency at both the whole bone and material levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ishimoto
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ozasa
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- Product Research Department, Kamakura Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530 Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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30
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Mandair GS, Bigelow EMR, Viswanathan G, Ward FS, Patton DM, Schlecht SH, Jepsen KJ, Kohn DH. Region-specific associations among tissue-level mechanical properties, porosity, and composition in human male femora. J Biomech 2022; 139:111144. [PMID: 35623287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Region-specific differences in age-related bone remodeling are known to exist. We therefore hypothesized that the decline in tissue-level strength and post-yield strain (PYS) with age is not uniform within the femur, but is driven by region-specific differences in porosity and composition. Four-point bending was conducted on anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral beams from male cadaveric femora (n = 33, 18-89 yrs of age). Mid-cortical porosity, composition, and mineralization were assessed using nano-computed tomography (nanoCT), Raman spectroscopy, and ashing assays. Traits between bones from young and elderly groups were compared, while multivariate analyses were used to identify traits that predicted strength and PYS at the regional level. We show that age-related decline in porosity and mechanical properties varied regionally, with highest positive slope of age vs. Log(porosity) found in posterior and anterior bone, and steepest negative slopes of age vs. strength and age vs. PYS found in anterior bone. Multivariate analyses show that Log(porosity) and/or Raman 1246/1269 ratio explained 46-51% of the variance in strength in anterior and posterior bone. Three out of five traits related to Log(porosity), mineral crystallinity, 1246/1269, mineral/matrix ratio, and/or hydroxyproline/proline (Hyp/Pro) ratio, explained 35-50% of the variance in PYS in anterior, posterior and lateral bones. Log(porosity) and Hyp/Pro ratio alone explained 13% and 19% of the variance in strength and PYS in medial bone, respectively. The predictive performance of multivariate analyses was negatively impacted by pooling data across all bone regions, underscoring the complexity of the femur and that the use of pooled analyses may obscure underlying region-specific differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjit S Mandair
- Biological and Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erin M R Bigelow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gowri Viswanathan
- Biological and Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ferrous S Ward
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniella M Patton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen H Schlecht
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karl J Jepsen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David H Kohn
- Biological and Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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31
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Anderson KD, Ko FC, Fullam S, Virdi AS, Wimmer MA, Sumner D, Ross RD. The relative contribution of bone microarchitecture and matrix composition to implant fixation strength in rats. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:862-870. [PMID: 34061392 PMCID: PMC8633073 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone microarchitectural parameters significantly contribute to implant fixation strength but the role of bone matrix composition is not well understood. To determine the relative contribution of microarchitecture and bone matrix composition to implant fixation strength, we placed titanium implants in 12-week-old intact Sprague-Dawley rats, ovariectomized-Sprague-Dawley rats, and Zucker diabetic fatty rats. We assessed bone microarchitecture by microcomputed tomography, bone matrix composition by Raman spectroscopy, and implant fixation strength at 2, 6, and 10 weeks postimplantation. A stepwise linear regression model accounted for 83.3% of the variance in implant fixation strength with osteointegration volume/total volume (50.4%), peri-implant trabecular bone volume fraction (14.2%), cortical thickness (9.3%), peri-implant trabecular crystallinity (6.7%), and cortical area (2.8%) as the independent variables. Group comparisons indicated that osseointegration volume/total volume was significantly reduced in the ovariectomy group at Week 2 (~28%) and Week 10 (~21%) as well as in the diabetic group at Week 10 (~34%) as compared with the age matched Sprague-Dawley group. The crystallinity of the trabecular bone was significantly elevated in the ovariectomy group at Week 2 (~4%) but decreased in the diabetic group at Week 10 (~3%) with respect to the Sprague-Dawley group. Our study is the first to show that bone microarchitecture explains most of the variance in implant fixation strength, but that matrix composition is also a contributing factor. Therefore, treatment strategies aimed at improving bone-implant contact and peri-implant bone volume without compromising matrix quality should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D. Anderson
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Frank C. Ko
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Spencer Fullam
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Amarjit S. Virdi
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Markus A. Wimmer
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - D.R. Sumner
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Ryan D. Ross
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Pyles C, Dunphy M, Vavalle NA, Vignos MF, Luong QT, Ott K, Drewry D. Longitudinal Tibia Stress Fracture Risk During High-Volume Training: a Multi-Scale Modeling Pipeline Incorporating Bone Remodeling. J Biomech Eng 2022; 144:1139856. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4054218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tibia stress fractures are prevalent during high-intensity training, yet a mechanistic model linking longitudinal training intensity, bone health, and long-term injury risk has yet to be demonstrated. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a multi-scale model of gross and tissue level loading on the tibia including bone remodeling on a timescale of week. Peak tensile tibial strain (3517 µstrain) during 4 m/s running was below injury thresholds, and the peak anteromedial tibial strain (1248 µstrain) was 0.17 standard deviations away from the mean of reported literature values. An initial study isolated the effects of cortical density and stiffness on tibial strain during a simulated eight week training period. Tibial strains and cortical microcracking correlated to initial cortical modulus, with all simulations presenting peak anteromedial tensile strains (1047-1600 µstrain) near day 11. Average cortical densities decreased by 7-8 percent of their nominal value by day 11, but the overall density change was <2% by the end of the simulated training period, in line with reported results. This study demonstrates the benefits of multi-scale models for investigating stress fracture risk and indicates that peak tibial strain, and thus injury risk, may increase early in a high intensity training program. Future studies could optimize training volume and recovery time to reduce injury risk during the most vulnerable training periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Pyles
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723
| | - Melissa Dunphy
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723
| | - Nicholas A. Vavalle
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723
| | - Michael F. Vignos
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723
| | - Quang T. Luong
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723
| | - Kyle Ott
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723
| | - David Drewry
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723
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33
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Bonicelli A, Kranioti EF, Xhemali B, Arnold E, Zioupos P. Assessing bone maturity: Compositional and mechanical properties of rib cortical bone at different ages. Bone 2022; 155:116265. [PMID: 34844026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding what maturity entails for bone, when it arrives, and its pre- and post-maturity traits and properties are very important for understanding its evolution and physiology. There is a clear but fine distinction between the chronological age of bone (the age of its donor) and the tissue age of the bone packets it comprises at the microscopic level. Whole bone fragility changes with age due to mass and architecture effects, but so do the properties of bone at the tissue level. Tissue age and tissue-level properties are therefore increasingly attracting a great deal of attention recently. The present study investigated compositional and material changes in the hydroxyapatite crystals, the collagenous phase, changes in bone matrix composition and its nanoindentation properties and their decline with chronological age in later life. The aim was to track the age threshold at which cortical bone arrives at maturity and what happens following that threshold. To do so FTIR, DSC/TGA, XRD, nanoindentation and microindentation were used to investigate rib cortical bone material across a cohort of 86 individuals from one ethnic group with age spanning between 17 and 82 years. Results of this cross-sectional study showed a clear increase in mineral content relative to the organic and water contents across all ages. Furthermore, an increase in crystal size and consequent decrease in strain (coherence length) was detected associated with secondary mineralisation and an increase in carbonate substitution. Overall, we observe a number of modifications which contribute to a typical functional behaviour of bone showing an increase in both indentation modulus and hardness until the age of about 35 after which both of these properties decline gradually and concomitantly to other physicochemical changes and seemingly until the end of one's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonicelli
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Musculoskeletal & Medicolegal Research Group, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the UK, Shrivenham, UK
| | - Elena F Kranioti
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Emily Arnold
- Musculoskeletal & Medicolegal Research Group, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the UK, Shrivenham, UK
| | - Peter Zioupos
- Musculoskeletal & Medicolegal Research Group, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the UK, Shrivenham, UK.
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34
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Nunes PBDO, Ferreira MKM, Ribeiro Frazão D, Bittencourt LO, Chemelo VDS, Silva MCF, Pereira-Neto AL, Albuquerque ARL, Paz SPA, Angélica RS, Pessanha S, Lima RR. Effects of inorganic mercury exposure in the alveolar bone of rats: an approach of qualitative and morphological aspects. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12573. [PMID: 35127276 PMCID: PMC8800384 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In comparison to organic mercury (MeHg), the environmental inorganic mercury (IHg) can be found in some skin-lightening cosmestics were considered "harmless" for a long time. However, recent studies have shown that long-term exposure to low doses of IHg may affect biological systems. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of IHg long-term exposure to the alveolar bone of adult rats. METHODS Adult Wistar rats were distributed in control and HgCl2 exposed (0.375 mg/kg/day). After 45 days, the rats were euthanized and both blood and hemimandibles were collected. Total blood Hg levels were measured and both inorganic and organic components of the alveolar bone were determined through XRD and ATR-FTIR. The microstructure of the alveolar bone was assessed by using micro-CT and the morphometric analysis was performed by using stereomicroscopy. RESULTS Alterations in the physicochemical components of the alveolar bone of exposed animals were observed. The bone changes represented a tissue reaction at the microstructural level, such as bone volume increase. However, no significant dimensional changes (bone height) were observed. CONCLUSION Exposure to IHg at this dose can promote microstructural changes and alteration in the organic and inorganic components in the alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Beatriz de Oliveira Nunes
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Maria Karolina Martins Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Deborah Ribeiro Frazão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Victória dos Santos Chemelo
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Freitas Silva
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Sofia Pessanha
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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35
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SEABRA ODIVAL, PEREIRA VANDAIRG, ESPINDULA ANAPAULA, CARDOSO FABRIZIOA, VOLPON JOSÉB, PEREIRA SANÍVIAA, ROSA RODRIGOC. Even without changing the bone mineral density, alcohol consumption decreases the percentage of collagen, the thickness of bone trabeculae, and increases bone fragility. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210661. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- ODIVAL SEABRA
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - SANÍVIA A.L. PEREIRA
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Brazil; Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Brazil
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36
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Tice MJ, Bailey S, Sroga GE, Gallagher EJ, Vashishth D. Non‐Obese
MKR
Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes Reveals Skeletal Alterations in Mineralization and Material Properties. JBMR Plus 2021; 6:e10583. [PMID: 35229063 PMCID: PMC8861985 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a common comorbidity of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Therefore, increased risk of fragility fractures in T2D is often confounded by the effects of obesity. This study was conducted to elucidate the mechanistic basis by which T2D alone leads to skeletal fragility. We hypothesized that obesity independent T2D would deteriorate bone's material quality by accumulating defects in the mineral matrix and undesired modifications in its organic matrix associated with increased oxidative stress and hyperglycemia. To test this hypothesis, we used 15‐week‐old male non‐obese mice with engineered muscle creatine kinase promoter/human dominant negative insulin growth factor 1 (IGF‐I) receptor (MKR) and FVB/N wild‐type (WT) controls (n = 12/group). MKR mice exhibit reduced insulin production and loss of glycemic control leading to diabetic hyperglycemia, verified by fasting blood glucose measurements (>250 mg/dL), without an increase in body weight. MKR mice showed a significant decrease in femoral radial geometry (cortical area, moment of inertia, cortical thickness, endosteal diameter, and periosteal diameter). Bone mineral density (BMD), as assessed by micro–computed tomography (μCT), remained unchanged; however, the quality of bone mineral was altered. In contrast to controls, MKR mice had significantly increased hydroxyapatite crystal thickness, measured by small‐angle X‐ray scattering, and elongated c‐axis length of the crystals evaluated by confocal Raman spectroscopy. There was an increase in changes in the organic matrix of MKR mice, associated with enhanced glycoxidation (carboxymethyl‐lysine [CML] and pentosidine) and overall glycation (fluorescent advanced glycation end products), both of which were associated with various measures of bone fragility. Moreover, increased CML formation positively correlated with elongated mineral crystal length, supporting the role of this negatively charged side chain to attract calcium ions, promote growth of hydroxyapatite, and build a physical link between mineral and collagen. Collectively, our results show, for the first time, changes in bone matrix in a non‐obese T2D model in which skeletal fragility is attributable to alterations in the mineral quality and undesired organic matrix modifications. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J.L. Tice
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute New York NY USA
| | - Stacyann Bailey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute New York NY USA
| | - Grażyna E. Sroga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute New York NY USA
| | - Emily J. Gallagher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute New York NY USA
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Abstract
Raman spectroscopy (RS) is used to analyze the physiochemical properties of bone because it is non-destructive and requires minimal sample preparation. With over two decades of research involving measurements of mineral-to-matrix ratio, type-B carbonate substitution, crystallinity, and other compositional characteristics of the bone matrix by RS, there are multiple methods to acquire Raman signals from bone, to process those signals, and to determine peak ratios including sub-peak ratios as well as the full-width at half maximum of the most prominent Raman peak, which is nu1 phosphate (ν1PO4). Selecting which methods to use is not always clear. Herein, we describe the components of RS instruments and how they influence the quality of Raman spectra acquired from bone because signal-to-noise of the acquisition and the accompanying background fluorescence dictate the pre-processing of the Raman spectra. We also describe common methods and challenges in preparing acquired spectra for the determination of matrix properties of bone. This article also serves to provide guidance for the analysis of bone by RS with examples of how methods for pre-processing the Raman signals and for determining properties of bone composition affect RS sensitivity to potential differences between experimental groups. Attention is also given to deconvolution methods that are used to ascertain sub-peak ratios of the amide I band as a way to assess characteristics of collagen type I. We provide suggestions and recommendations on the application of RS to bone with the goal of improving reproducibility across studies and solidify RS as a valuable technique in the field of bone research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Unal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, 70200, Turkey.
- Department of Bioengineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey 70200
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey 70200
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Anita Mahadevan-Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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Genetic variability affects the skeletal response to immobilization in founder strains of the diversity outbred mouse population. Bone Rep 2021; 15:101140. [PMID: 34761080 PMCID: PMC8566767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical unloading decreases bone volume and strength. In humans and mice, bone mineral density is highly heritable, and in mice the response to changes in loading varies with genetic background. Thus, genetic variability may affect the response of bone to unloading. As a first step to identify genes involved in bones' response to unloading, we evaluated the effects of unloading in eight inbred mouse strains: C57BL/6J, PWK/PhJ, WSB/EiJ, A/J, 129S1/SvImJ, NOD/ShiLtJ, NZO/HlLtJ, and CAST/EiJ. C57BL/6J and NOD/ShiLtJ mice had the greatest unloading-induced loss of diaphyseal cortical bone volume and strength. NZO/HlLtJ mice had the greatest metaphyseal trabecular bone loss, and C57BL/6J, WSB/EiJ, NOD/ShiLtJ, and CAST/EiJ mice had the greatest epiphyseal trabecular bone loss. Bone loss in the epiphyses displayed the highest heritability. With immobilization, mineral:matrix was reduced, and carbonate:phosphate and crystallinity were increased. A/J mice displayed the greatest unloading-induced loss of mineral:matrix. Changes in gene expression in response to unloading were greatest in NOD/ShiLtJ and CAST/EiJ mice. The most upregulated genes in response to unloading were associated with increased collagen synthesis and extracellular matrix formation. Our results demonstrate a strong differential response to unloading as a function of strain. Diversity outbred (DO) mice are a high-resolution mapping population derived from these eight inbred founder strains. These results suggest DO mice will be highly suited for examining the genetic basis of the skeletal response to unloading. Mouse strain affects bone's response to immobilization. Magnitude of bone loss from immobilization is heritable. Bone transcriptomic response to immobilization is influenced by genetic variation.
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Yan W, Renteria C, Huang Y, Arola DD. A machine learning approach to investigate the materials science of enamel aging. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1761-1771. [PMID: 34625295 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding aging of tooth tissues is critical to the development of patient-centric oral healthcare. Yet, the traditional methods for analyzing the composition-structure-property relationships of hard tissues have limitations when considering aging and other factors. OBJECTIVE To apply unsupervised machine learning tools to pursue an understanding of relationships between the composition and mechanical behavior of aging enamel. METHODS Molar teeth were collected from primary (age ≤ 8), young adult (24 ≤ age ≤ 46) and old adult (55 ≤ age) donors. The hardness and elastic modulus were quantified using nanoindentation as a function of distance from the Dentin Enamel Junction (DEJ) within the cervical, cuspal and inter-cuspal regions of the enamel crown. Similarly, a co-located analysis of the chemical composition and structure was performed using Raman spectroscopy. A Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) algorithm was implemented to identify multi-dimensional composition-property relationships. RESULTS The hardness and elastic modulus are positively correlated to crystallinity and negatively correlated with carbonate substitution. Furthermore, the effects from fluoridation on the age-dependent properties of enamel is non-linear and depends on its location. The contributions of fluoridation to the enamel properties are different in the cervical and non-cervical regions and appear to be unique within primary and senior adult teeth. SIGNIFICANCE Based on the findings, unsupervised learning methods can reveal complicated non-linear structure-property relationships in tooth tissues and help to understand the materials science of aging and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, United States
| | - C Renteria
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, United States
| | - Y Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, United States
| | - Dwayne D Arola
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, United States; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, United States; Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, United States.
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Taylor EA, Mileti CJ, Ganesan S, Kim JH, Donnelly E. Measures of Bone Mineral Carbonate Content and Mineral Maturity/Crystallinity for FT-IR and Raman Spectroscopic Imaging Differentially Relate to Physical-Chemical Properties of Carbonate-Substituted Hydroxyapatite. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:77-91. [PMID: 33710382 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone mineral carbonate content assessed by vibrational spectroscopy relates to fracture incidence, and mineral maturity/ crystallinity (MMC) relates to tissue age. As FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy become more widely used to characterize the chemical composition of bone in pre-clinical and translational studies, their bone mineral outcomes require improved validation to inform interpretation of spectroscopic data. In this study, our objectives were (1) to relate Raman and FT-IR carbonate:phosphate ratios calculated through direct integration of peaks to gold-standard analytical measures of carbonate content and underlying subband ratios; (2) to relate Raman and FT-IR MMC measures to gold-standard analytical measures of crystal size in chemical standards and native bone powders. Raman and FT-IR direct integration carbonate:phosphate ratios increased with carbonate content (Raman: p < 0.01, R2 = 0.87; FT-IR: p < 0.01, R2 = 0.96) and Raman was more sensitive to carbonate content than the FT-IR (Raman slope + 95% vs FT-IR slope, p < 0.01). MMC increased with crystal size for both Raman and FT-IR (Raman: p < 0.01, R2 = 0.76; FT-IR p < 0.01, R2 = 0.73) and FT-IR was more sensitive to crystal size than Raman (c-axis length: slope FT-IR MMC + 111% vs Raman MMC, p < 0.01). Additionally, FT-IR but not Raman spectroscopy detected differences in the relationship between MMC and crystal size of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) vs poorly crystalline hydroxyapatites (HA) (slope CHA + 87% vs HA, p < 0.01). Combined, these results contribute to the ability of future studies to elucidate the relationships between carbonate content and fracture and provide insight to the strengths and limitations of FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy of native bone mineral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Taylor
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Cassidy J Mileti
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sandhya Ganesan
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, Cornell University, 227 Bard Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Joo Ho Kim
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, Cornell University, 227 Bard Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, Cornell University, 227 Bard Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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Yan C, Song H, Pfister J, Andersen TL, Warden SJ, Bhargava R, Kersh ME. Effect of fatigue loading and rest on impact strength of rat ulna. J Biomech 2021; 123:110449. [PMID: 34010728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Stress fracture is a common injury among athletes and military personnel and is associated with fatigue-initiated damage and impact loading. The recovery of bending strength has been shown to be a function of the rest days allowed after fatigue loading in rodents and the aim of this study was to investigate if similar results would occur under impact conditions. In this study, cyclic axial compression load was applied in vivo on the right forelimbs while left forelimbs served as controls. Two rest groups were used: one day of rest and seven days of rest. Afterwards, all ulnae were scanned using micro-Computed Tomography followed by impact testing. The micro-CT scan confirmed the formation of woven bone on loaded ulnae after seven days rest. The peak impact force was 37.5% higher in the control (mean = 174.96 ± 33.25 N) specimens compared to the loaded bones (mean = 130.34 ± 22.37 N). Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy analyses suggested no significant change of chemical composition in the cortical region between the loaded and control ulnae, but woven bone region had lower carbonate and amide I content than contralateral controls (p < 0.05). We find that cyclic fatigue loading had a negative effect on bone's impact response. Bones that experienced fatigue loading became less stiff, weaker, and more prone to fracture when subjected to impact. The formation of woven bone after seven days of rest did not restore the stiffness upon impact and confirm that rest time is crucial to the recovery of fatigue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Yan
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hyunggwi Song
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer Pfister
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Thomas L Andersen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stuart J Warden
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health & Human Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mariana E Kersh
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Li Z, Du T, Ruan C, Niu X. Bioinspired mineralized collagen scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1491-1511. [PMID: 33294729 PMCID: PMC7680706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful regeneration of large segmental bone defects remains a major challenge in clinical orthopedics, thus it is of important significance to fabricate a suitable alternative material to stimulate bone regeneration. Due to their excellent biocompatibility, sufficient mechanical strength, and similar structure and composition of natural bone, the mineralized collagen scaffolds (MCSs) have been increasingly used as bone substitutes via tissue engineering approaches. Herein, we thoroughly summarize the state of the art of MCSs as tissue-engineered scaffolds for acceleration of bone repair, including their fabrication methods, critical factors for osteogenesis regulation, current opportunities and challenges in the future. First, the current fabrication methods for MCSs, mainly including direct mineral composite, in-situ mineralization and 3D printing techniques, have been proposed to improve their biomimetic physical structures in this review. Meanwhile, three aspects of physical (mechanics and morphology), biological (cells and growth factors) and chemical (composition and cross-linking) cues are described as the critical factors for regulating the osteogenic feature of MCSs. Finally, the opportunities and challenges associated with MCSs as bone tissue-engineered scaffolds are also discussed to point out the future directions for building the next generation of MCSs that should be endowed with satisfactorily mimetic structures and appropriately biological characters for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Tianming Du
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Changshun Ruan
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Xufeng Niu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
- Research Institute of Beihang University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China
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Shitole P, Choubey A, Mondal P, Ghosh R. Influence of low dose naltrexone on Raman assisted bone quality, skeletal advanced glycation end-products and nano-mechanical properties in type 2 diabetic mice bone. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:112011. [PMID: 33812630 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) commonly affects the bone mineral phase and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) which eventually led to changes in bone material properties on the nano and macro-scale. Several anti-diabetic compounds are widely used to control high blood sugar or glucose caused by T2DM. Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN), an opiate receptor antagonist, and a known TLR4 antagonist, treatment can improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in high-fat-diet (HFD) induced T2DM mice. However, the influences of LDN on the local bone quality, mineralization of the bone, and the skeletal AGEs levels have not been fully elucidated. The objective of this study is to understand the effect of LDN on Raman assisted bone quality, skeletal AGEs (determined by Raman spectroscopy), and nano-mechanical properties in HFD induced T2DM mice bone. In order to investigate these, mice and corresponding bones were divided into four groups (divided based on diet and treatment), (a) normal control diet treated with saline water, (b) normal control diet treated with LDN, (c) HFD treated with saline water, and (d) HFD treated with LDN. In T2DM condition (HFD treated with saline water), alteration of Raman-based compositional measures in bone quality including mineral-to-matrix ratios, carbonate substitution, mineral crystallinity, and collagen quality was observed. Our data also indicated that T2DM enhances the skeletal AGEs, and impairs the nano-mechanical properties. Interestingly, present results indicated that LDN controls the Raman-based compositional measures in bone quality in HFD induced T2DM mice bone. Additionally, LDN also protects the alteration of the skeletal AGEs levels and nano-mechanical properties in T2DM mice bone. This study concluded that LDN can control the HFD induced T2DM affected bone abnormalities at multiple hierarchical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Shitole
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Abhinav Choubey
- School of Basic Science, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Prosenjit Mondal
- School of Basic Science, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Rajesh Ghosh
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Carvalho MS, Cabral JMS, da Silva CL, Vashishth D. Bone Matrix Non-Collagenous Proteins in Tissue Engineering: Creating New Bone by Mimicking the Extracellular Matrix. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071095. [PMID: 33808184 PMCID: PMC8036283 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering biomaterials that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone is of significant importance since most of the outstanding properties of the bone are due to matrix constitution. Bone ECM is composed of a mineral part comprising hydroxyapatite and of an organic part of primarily collagen with the rest consisting on non-collagenous proteins. Collagen has already been described as critical for bone tissue regeneration; however, little is known about the potential effect of non-collagenous proteins on osteogenic differentiation, even though these proteins were identified some decades ago. Aiming to engineer new bone tissue, peptide-incorporated biomimetic materials have been developed, presenting improved biomaterial performance. These promising results led to ongoing research focused on incorporating non-collagenous proteins from bone matrix to enhance the properties of the scaffolds namely in what concerns cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation, with the ultimate goal of designing novel strategies that mimic the native bone ECM for bone tissue engineering applications. Overall, this review will provide an overview of the several non-collagenous proteins present in bone ECM, their functionality and their recent applications in the bone tissue (including dental) engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta S. Carvalho
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.M.S.C.); (C.L.d.S.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.S.C.); (D.V.)
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.M.S.C.); (C.L.d.S.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia L. da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.M.S.C.); (C.L.d.S.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Correspondence: (M.S.C.); (D.V.)
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Pang S, Su FY, Green A, Salim J, McKittrick J, Jasiuk I. Comparison of different protocols for demineralization of cortical bone. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7012. [PMID: 33782429 PMCID: PMC8007753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a biological composite material consisting of two main components: collagen and mineral. Collagen is the most abundant protein in vertebrates, which makes it of high clinical and scientific interest. In this paper, we compare the composition and structure of cortical bone demineralized using several protocols: ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), formic acid (CH2O2), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and HCl/EDTA mixture. The efficiencies of these four agents were investigated by assessing the remaining mineral quantities and collagen integrity with various experimental techniques. Raman spectroscopy results show that the bone demineralized by the CH2O2 agent has highest collagen quality parameter. The HCl/EDTA mixture removes the most mineral, but it affects the collagen secondary structure as amide II bands are shifted as observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that HCl and EDTA are most effective in removing the mineral with bulk measurements. In summary, we conclude that HCl best demineralizes bone, leaving the well-preserved collagen structure in the shortest time. These findings guide on the best demineralization protocol to obtain high-quality collagen from bone for clinical and scientific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Pang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Frances Y Su
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0411, USA
| | - Amesha Green
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Bio Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 E Market St, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Justin Salim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093-0412, USA
| | - Joanna McKittrick
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0411, USA
| | - Iwona Jasiuk
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Sharma A, Goring A, Johnson PB, Emery RJH, Hesse E, Boyde A, Olsen BR, Pitsillides AA, Oreffo ROC, Mahajan S, Clarkin CE. Multiscale molecular profiling of pathological bone resolves sexually dimorphic control of extracellular matrix composition. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048116. [PMID: 33563616 PMCID: PMC7988766 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen assembly during development is essential for successful matrix mineralisation, which determines bone quality and mechanocompetence. However, the biochemical and structural perturbations that drive pathological skeletal collagen configuration remain unclear. Deletion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; also known as VEGFA) in bone-forming osteoblasts (OBs) induces sex-specific alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) conformation and mineralisation coupled to vascular changes, which are augmented in males. Whether this phenotypic dimorphism arises as a result of the divergent control of ECM composition and its subsequent arrangement is unknown and is the focus of this study. Herein, we used murine osteocalcin-specific Vegf knockout (OcnVEGFKO) and performed ex vivo multiscale analysis at the tibiofibular junction of both sexes. Label-free and non-destructive polarisation-resolved second-harmonic generation (p-SHG) microscopy revealed a reduction in collagen fibre number in males following the loss of VEGF, complemented by observable defects in matrix organisation by backscattered electron scanning electron microscopy. This was accompanied by localised divergence in collagen orientation, determined by p-SHG anisotropy measurements, as a result of OcnVEGFKO. Raman spectroscopy confirmed that the effect on collagen was linked to molecular dimorphic VEGF effects on collagen-specific proline and hydroxyproline, and collagen intra-strand stability, in addition to matrix carbonation and mineralisation. Vegf deletion in male and female murine OB cultures in vitro further highlighted divergence in genes regulating local ECM structure, including Adamts2, Spp1, Mmp9 and Lama1. Our results demonstrate the utility of macromolecular imaging and spectroscopic modalities for the detection of collagen arrangement and ECM composition in pathological bone. Linking the sex-specific genetic regulators to matrix signatures could be important for treatment of dimorphic bone disorders that clinically manifest in pathological nano- and macro-level disorganisation. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikta Sharma
- School of Biological Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Alice Goring
- School of Biological Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Peter B. Johnson
- School of Chemistry and Institute for Life Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Roger J. H. Emery
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Eric Hesse
- Institute of Molecular Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Alan Boyde
- Dental Physical Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Bjorn R. Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew A. Pitsillides
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Richard O. C. Oreffo
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sumeet Mahajan
- School of Chemistry and Institute for Life Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Claire E. Clarkin
- School of Biological Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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Wingender B, Azuma M, Krywka C, Zaslansky P, Boyle J, Deymier A. Carbonate substitution significantly affects the structure and mechanics of carbonated apatites. Acta Biomater 2021; 122:377-386. [PMID: 33444796 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone mineral comprises nanoparticles of carbonate-substituted bioapatite similar to hydroxylapatite. Yet mechanical values of macroscopic-sized geological hydroxylapatite are often used to model bone properties due to a lack of experimental data for bioapatite. Here, we investigated the effects of carbonate substitution and hydration on biomimetic apatite response to load using in situ hydrostatic pressure loading and synchrotron x-ray diffraction. We find that increasing carbonate levels reduced the bulk modulus and elastic strain ratio. Elastic constants, determined using computational optimization techniques, revealed that compliance values and elastic moduli decreased with increasing carbonate content, likely a result of decreased bond strength due to CO32- substitution and Ca2+ loss. Hydration environment had no clear effects on the elastic properties likely due to dissolution and reprecipitation processes modifying the crystal structure organization. These results reinforce the need to consider carbonate composition when selecting mechanical properties and provide robust data for carbonate-substituted apatite stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masashi Azuma
- Biomedical Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Christina Krywka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material - und Küstenforschung GmbH, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Dept. Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - John Boyle
- Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alix Deymier
- Biomedical Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Unal M. Raman spectroscopic determination of bone matrix quantity and quality augments prediction of human cortical bone mechanical properties. J Biomech 2021; 119:110342. [PMID: 33706105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Being independent contributors to bone mechanical resistance at the apparent level, quality and quantity of bone primary constituents are essential factors in better fracture risk assessment. Raman spectroscopy (RS) holds great potential for being a clinical tool with providing quality and quantity measurements of the bone mineralized matrix. Beyond mineral quality and quantity, recent years have revealed newly developed RS-derived bone compositional measurements focusing on organic matrix and water though their associations with bone mechanics have not been fully established yet. Herein, the author reported first thorough characterization study investigating associations between twenty different RS-derived measurements and mechanical properties of human cortical bone (i.e., yield and ultimate strength, elastic modulus, toughness, post-yield toughness, and post-yield strain). Forty-five rectangular human cortical beams harvested from all four anatomical quadrants of two male donors were tested under three-point bending. Raman spectra of each specimen were collected at the spectral range of 800 to 4000 cm-1. While correlations were tested among RS-derived measurements via Spearman's rank correlations, multivariate linear regression using mixed effects were used to determine the best RS-derived measurement or the combination of RS-derived measurements in predicting various mechanical properties of human cortical bone. Most of the RS-derived measurements were associated with the mechanical properties (Rm2 ranges from 8.9 to 68.3%, p < 0.05). The various linear combinations of six RS-derived measurements focusing on different aspects of bone matrix (i.e., ν1PO4/Amide I, ν1PO4/Amide III, Carbonate/ν1PO4, ~I1670/I1640, ~I3453/I2949, ~I3584/I2949) improved the prediction (Rm2 = 43.5 to 70.2%, p < 0.05). While a causal relationship still needs to be investigated, RS has a great potential to establish a robust patient-specific fracture risk prediction with the latest advances in technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Unal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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49
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Hunt HB, Miller NA, Hemmerling KJ, Koga M, Lopez KA, Taylor EA, Sellmeyer DE, Moseley KF, Donnelly E. Bone Tissue Composition in Postmenopausal Women Varies With Glycemic Control From Normal Glucose Tolerance to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:334-346. [PMID: 32970898 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The risk of fragility fracture increases for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), even after controlling for bone mineral density, body mass index, visual impairment, and falls. We hypothesize that progressive glycemic derangement alters microscale bone tissue composition. We used Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) imaging to analyze the composition of iliac crest biopsies from cohorts of postmenopausal women characterized by oral glucose tolerance testing: normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 35, age = 65 ± 7 years, HbA1c = 5.8 ± 0.3%), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n = 26, age = 64 ± 5 years, HbA1c = 6.0 ± 0.4%), and overt T2DM on insulin (n = 25, age = 64 ± 6 years, HbA1c = 9.13 ± 0.6). The distributions of cortical bone mineral content had greater mean values (+7%) and were narrower (-10%) in T2DM versus NGT groups (p < 0.05). The distributions of acid phosphate, an indicator of new mineral, were narrower in cortical T2DM versus NGT and IGT groups (-14% and -14%, respectively) and in trabecular NGT and IGT versus T2DM groups (-11% and -10%, respectively) (all p < 0.05). The distributions of crystallinity were wider in cortical NGT versus T2DM groups (+16%) and in trabecular NGT versus T2DM groups (+14%) (all p < 0.05). Additionally, bone turnover was lower in T2DM versus NGT groups (P1NP: -25%, CTx: -30%, ucOC: -24%). Serum pentosidine was similar across groups. The FTIR compositional and biochemical marker values of the IGT group typically fell between the NGT and T2DM group values, although the differences were not always statistically significant. In summary, worsening glycemic control was associated with greater mineral content and narrower distributions of acid phosphate, an indicator of new mineral, which together are consistent with observations of lower turnover; however, wider distributions of mineral crystallinity were also observed. A more mineralized, less heterogeneous tissue may affect tissue-level mechanical properties and in turn degrade macroscale skeletal integrity. In conclusion, these data are the first evidence of progressive alteration of bone tissue composition with worsening glycemic control in humans. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather B Hunt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas A Miller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kimberly J Hemmerling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Maho Koga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kelsie A Lopez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Erik A Taylor
- Sibley School of Mechanical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Deborah E Sellmeyer
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kendall F Moseley
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
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50
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Effects of acidosis on the structure, composition, and function of adult murine femurs. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:484-496. [PMID: 33242638 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Physiologic pH is maintained in a narrow range through multiple systemic buffering systems. Metabolic Acidosis (MA) is an acid-base disorder clinically characterized by a decrease in systemic pH and bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels. Acidosis affects millions annually, resulting in decreased bone mineral density and bone volume and an increased rate of fracture. We developed an adult murine model of diet-induced metabolic acidosis via graded NH4Cl administration that successfully decreased systemic pH over a 14 day period to elucidate the effects of acidosis on the skeletal system. Blood gas analyses measured an increase in blood calcium and sodium levels indicating a skeletal response to 14 days of acidosis. MA also significantly decreased femur ultimate strength, likely due to modifications in bone morphology as determined from decreased microcomputed tomography values of centroid distance and area moment of inertia. These structural changes may be caused by aberrant remodeling based on histological data evidencing altered OCL activity in acidosis. Additionally, we found that acidosis significantly decreased bone CO3 content in a site-specific manner similar to the bone phenotype observed in human MA. We determined that MA decreased bone strength thus increasing fracture risk, which is likely caused by alterations in bone shape and compounded by changes in bone composition. Additionally, we suggest the temporal regulation of cell-mediated remodeling in MA is more complex than current literature suggests. We conclude that our model reliably induces MA and has deleterious effects on skeletal form and function, presenting similarly to the MA bone phenotype in humans.
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