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Chen J, Aido M, Roschger A, van Tol A, Checa S, Willie BM, Weinkamer R. Spatial variations in the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network density and analysis of the connectomic parameters. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303515. [PMID: 38743675 PMCID: PMC11093372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network (LCN) is comprised of micrometre-sized pores and submicrometric wide channels in bone. Accumulating evidence suggests multiple functions of this network in material transportation, mechanobiological signalling, mineral homeostasis and bone remodelling. Combining rhodamine staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy, the longitudinal cross-sections of six mouse tibiae were imaged, and the connectome of the network was quantified with a focus on the spatial heterogeneities of network density, connectivity and length of canaliculi. In-vivo loading and double calcein labelling on these tibiae allowed differentiating the newly formed bone from the pre-existing regions. The canalicular density of the murine cortical bone varied between 0.174 and 0.243 μm/μm3, and therefore is three times larger than the corresponding value for human femoral midshaft osteons. The spatial heterogeneity of the network was found distinctly more pronounced across the cortex than along the cortex. We found that in regions with a dense network, the LCN conserves its largely tree-like character, but increases the density by including shorter canaliculi. The current study on healthy mice should serve as a motivating starting point to study the connectome of genetically modified mice, including models of bone diseases and of reduced mechanoresponse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junning Chen
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Aido
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Roschger
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexander van Tol
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sara Checa
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina M. Willie
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard Weinkamer
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
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2
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Bolger MW, Tekkey T, Kohn DH. Peripheral canalicular branching is decreased in streptozotocin-induced diabetes and correlates with decreased whole-bone ultimate load and perilacunar elastic work. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziad017. [PMID: 38505218 PMCID: PMC10945723 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes, the most abundant cell type in bone, play a crucial role in mechanosensation and signaling for bone formation and resorption. These cells reside within a complex lacuno-canalicular network (OLCN). Osteocyte signaling is reduced under diabetic conditions, and both type 1 and type 2 diabetes lead to reduced bone turnover, perturbed bone composition, and increased fracture risk. We hypothesized that this reduced bone turnover, and altered bone composition with diabetes is associated with reduced OLCN architecture and connectivity. This study aimed to elucidate: (1) the sequence of OLCN changes with diabetes related to bone turnover and (2) whether changes to the OLCN are associated with tissue composition and mechanical properties. Twelve- to fourteen-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were administered streptozotocin at 50 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days to induce hyperglycemia, sacrificed at baseline (BL), or after being diabetic for 3 (D3) and 7 (D7) wk with age-matched (C3, C7) controls (n = 10-12 per group). Mineralized femoral sections were infiltrated with rhodamine, imaged with confocal microscopy, then the OLCN morphology and topology were characterized and correlated against bone histomorphometry, as well as local and whole-bone mechanics and composition. D7 mice exhibited a lower number of peripheral branches relative to C7. The total number of canalicular intersections (nodes) was lower in D3 and D7 relative to BL (P < 0.05 for all), and a reduced bone formation rate (BFR) was observed at D7 vs C7. The number of nodes explained only 15% of BFR, but 45% of Ct.BV/TV, and 31% of ultimate load. The number of branches explained 30% and 22% of the elastic work at the perilacunar and intracortical region, respectively. Collectively, the reduction in OLCN architecture and association of OLCN measures with bone turnover, mechanics, and composition highlights the relevance of the osteocyte and the OLCN and a potential therapeutic target for treating diabetic skeletal fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan W Bolger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Tara Tekkey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - David H Kohn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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3
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Wüster J, Hesse B, Rothweiler R, Bortel E, Gross C, Bakhtiyari S, King A, Boller E, Gerber J, Rendenbach C, Fretwurst T, Preissner S, Heiland M, Nelson K, Nahles S. Comparison of the 3D-microstructure of human alveolar and fibula bone in microvascular autologous bone transplantation: a synchrotron radiation μ-CT study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1169385. [PMID: 37691907 PMCID: PMC10486015 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1169385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Autologous bone transplantation is successfully used in reconstructive surgery of large/critical-sized bone defects, whereby the microvascular free fibula flap is still regarded as the gold standard for the reconstruction of such defects in the head and neck region. Here, we report the morphological and lacunar properties of patient-paired bone samples from eight patients from the jaw (AB; recipient site) and the fibula (FB; donor site) on the micron length-scale using Synchrotron µ-CT. Insights into differences and similarities between these bone structures could offer a better understanding of the underlying mechanism for successful surgical outcomes and might clear the path for optimized, nature-inspired bone scaffold designs. Methods: Spatial vessel-pore arrangements, bone morphology, fluid-simulation derived permeability tensor, osteocyte lacunar density, and lacunar morphology are compared. Results: The orientation of the vessel system indicates a homogenous vessel orientation for AB and FB. The average mineral distance (50%) to the closest vessel boundary is higher in AB than in FB (the mean is 96 μm for AB vs. 76 μm for FB; p = 0.021). Average osteocyte lacunar density is found to be higher in AB than in FB (mean 22,874 mm3 vs. 19,376 mm3 for FB; p = 0.038), which might compensate for the high distance from the mineral to the nearest vessel. No significant differences in lacunar volume are found between paired AB and FB. Discussion: A comparable vessel network and similar distribution of vessel porosity between AB and FB may allow the FB graft to exhibit a high regeneration potential when connected to AB, and this might correlate with a high osteoinductive and osteoconductive potential of FB when connected to AB. Since widely used and potent synthetic bone grafts exist, new insight into the bone structure of well-established autologous bone grafts, such as the free fibula flap, could help to improve the performance of such materials and therefore the design of 3D scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Wüster
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hesse
- Xploraytion GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Rene Rothweiler
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Gross
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Elodie Boller
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Carsten Rendenbach
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Fretwurst
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Preissner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Heiland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Nelson
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Nahles
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Tits A, Blouin S, Rummler M, Kaux JF, Drion P, van Lenthe GH, Weinkamer R, Hartmann MA, Ruffoni D. Structural and functional heterogeneity of mineralized fibrocartilage at the Achilles tendon-bone insertion. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:409-418. [PMID: 37088163 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
A demanding task of the musculoskeletal system is the attachment of tendon to bone at entheses. This region often presents a thin layer of fibrocartilage (FC), mineralized close to the bone and unmineralized close to the tendon. Mineralized FC deserves increased attention, owing to its crucial anchoring task and involvement in enthesis pathologies. Here, we analyzed mineralized FC and subchondral bone at the Achilles tendon-bone insertion of rats. This location features enthesis FC anchoring tendon to bone and sustaining tensile loads, and periosteal FC facilitating bone-tendon sliding with accompanying compressive and shear forces. Using a correlative multimodal investigation, we evaluated potential specificities in mineral content, fiber organization and mechanical properties of enthesis and periosteal FC. Both tissues had a lower degree of mineralization than subchondral bone, yet used the available mineral very efficiently: for the same local mineral content, they had higher stiffness and hardness than bone. We found that enthesis FC was characterized by highly aligned mineralized collagen fibers even far away from the attachment region, whereas periosteal FC had a rich variety of fiber arrangements. Except for an initial steep spatial gradient between unmineralized and mineralized FC, local mechanical properties were surprisingly uniform inside enthesis FC while a modulation in stiffness, independent from mineral content, was observed in periosteal FC. We interpreted these different structure-property relationships as a demonstration of the high versatility of FC, providing high strength at the insertion (to resist tensile loading) and a gradual compliance at the periosteal surface (to resist contact stresses). STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Mineralized fibrocartilage (FC) at entheses facilitates the integration of tendon in bone, two strongly dissimilar tissues. We focus on the structure-function relationships of two types of mineralized FC, enthesis and periosteal, which have clearly distinct mechanical demands. By investigating them with multiple high-resolution methods in a correlative manner, we demonstrate differences in fiber architecture and mechanical properties between the two tissues, indicative of their mechanical roles. Our results are relevant both from a medical viewpoint, targeting a clinically relevant location, as well as from a material science perspective, identifying FC as high-performance versatile composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tits
- Mechanics of Biological and Bioinspired Materials Laboratory, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Rummler
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jean-François Kaux
- Department of Physical Medicine and Sports Traumatology, University of Liège and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Drion
- Experimental Surgery unit, GIGA & Credec, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Richard Weinkamer
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus A Hartmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Davide Ruffoni
- Mechanics of Biological and Bioinspired Materials Laboratory, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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5
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Tang T, Landis W, Blouin S, Bertinetti L, Hartmann MA, Berzlanovich A, Weinkamer R, Wagermaier W, Fratzl P. Subcanalicular Nanochannel Volume Is Inversely Correlated With Calcium Content in Human Cortical Bone. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:313-325. [PMID: 36433915 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of mineralization density is an important signature of bone growth and remodeling processes, and its alterations are often related to disease. The extracellular matrix of some vertebrate mineralized tissues is known to be perfused by a lacunocanalicular network (LCN), a fluid-filled unmineralized structure that harbors osteocytes and their fine processes and transports extracellular fluid and its constituents. The current report provides evidence for structural and compositional heterogeneity at an even smaller, subcanalicular scale. The work reveals an extensive unmineralized three-dimensional (3D) network of nanochannels (~30 nm in diameter) penetrating the mineralized extracellular matrix of human femoral cortical bone and encompassing a greater volume fraction and surface area than these same parameters of the canaliculi comprising the LCN. The present study combines high-resolution focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) to investigate bone ultrastructure in 3D with quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) to estimate local bone mineral content. The presence of nanochannels has been found to impact qBEI measurements fundamentally, such that volume percentage (vol%) of nanochannels correlates inversely with weight percentage (wt%) of calcium. This mathematical relationship between nanochannel vol% and calcium wt% suggests that the nanochannels could potentially provide space for ion and small molecule transport throughout the bone matrix. Collectively, these data propose a reinterpretation of qBEI measurements, accounting for nanochannel presence in human bone tissue in addition to collagen and mineral. Further, the results yield insight into bone mineralization processes at the nanometer scale and present the possibility for a potential role of the nanochannel system in permitting ion and small molecule diffusion throughout the extracellular matrix. Such a possible function could thereby lead to the sequestration or occlusion of the ions and small molecules within the extracellular matrix. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Tang
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - William Landis
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Bertinetti
- Center for Molecular Bioengineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus A Hartmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Richard Weinkamer
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
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6
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Qian W, Schmidt R, Turner JA, Bare SP, Lappe JM, Recker RR, Akhter MP. A pilot study on the nanoscale properties of bone tissue near lacunae in fracturing women. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101604. [PMID: 35874169 PMCID: PMC9304727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study is to investigate the causes of osteoporosis-related skeletal fragility in postmenopausal women. We hypothesize that bone fragility in these individuals is largely due to mineral, and/or intrinsic material properties in the osteocyte lacunar/peri-lacunar regions of bone tissue. Innovative measurements with nanoscale resolution, including scanning electron microscope (SEM), an atomic force microscope that is integrated with infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), and nanoindentation, were used to characterize osteocyte lacunar and peri-lacunar properties in bone biopsies from fracturing (Cases) and matched (Age, BMD), non-fracturing (Controls) postmenopausal healthy women. In the peri-lacunar space, the nanoindentation results show that the modulus and hardness of the Controls are lower than the Cases. The AFM-IR results conclusively show that the mineral matrix, maturity (peak) (except in outer/far regions in Controls) were greater in Controls than in Cases. Furthermore, these results indicate that while mineral-to-matrix area ratio tend to be greater, the mineral maturity and crystallinity peak ratio “near” lacunae is greater than at regions “far” or more distance from lacunae in the Controls only. Due to the heterogeneity of bone structure, additional measurements are needed to provide more convincing evidence of altered lacunar characteristics and changes in the peri-lacunar bone as mechanisms related to postmenopausal women and fragility. Such findings would motivate new osteocyte-targeted treatments to reduce fragility fracture risks in these groups. Material properties around the osteocyte lacunae in human bone biopsies are presented. Using nanoindentation/nanoIR, the properties in bone tissue from women are measured. Mineral and material strength are different between fracturing and non-fracturing women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qian
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0526, United States of America
| | - Roman Schmidt
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0526, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Turner
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0526, United States of America
| | - Sue P. Bare
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States of America
| | - Joan M. Lappe
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States of America
| | - Robert R. Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States of America
| | - Mohammed P. Akhter
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States of America
- Corresponding author.
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7
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Hofstaetter JG, Atkins GJ, Kato H, Kogawa M, Blouin S, Misof BM, Roschger P, Evdokiou A, Yang D, Solomon LB, Findlay DM, Ito N. A Mild Case of Autosomal Recessive Osteopetrosis Masquerading as the Dominant Form Involving Homozygous Deep Intronic Variations in the CLCN7 Gene. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 111:430-444. [PMID: 35618777 PMCID: PMC9474465 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteopetrosis is a heterogeneous group of rare hereditary diseases characterized by increased bone mass of poor quality. Autosomal-dominant osteopetrosis type II (ADOII) is most often caused by mutation of the CLCN7 gene leading to impaired bone resorption. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO) is a more severe form and is frequently accompanied by additional morbidities. We report an adult male presenting with classical clinical and radiological features of ADOII. Genetic analyses showed no amino-acid-converting mutation in CLCN7 but an apparent haploinsufficiency and suppression of CLCN7 mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Next generation sequencing revealed low-frequency intronic homozygous variations in CLCN7, suggesting recessive inheritance. In silico analysis of an intronic duplication c.595-120_595-86dup revealed additional binding sites for Serine- and Arginine-rich Splicing Factors (SRSF), which is predicted to impair CLCN7 expression. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging and histomorphometric analyses revealed bone tissue and material abnormalities. Giant osteoclasts were present and additionally to lamellar bone, and abundant woven bone and mineralized cartilage were observed, together with increased frequency and thickness of cement lines. Bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD) analysis revealed markedly increased average mineral content of the dense bone (CaMean T-score + 10.1) and frequency of bone with highest mineral content (CaHigh T-score + 19.6), suggesting continued mineral accumulation and lack of bone remodelling. Osteocyte lacunae sections (OLS) characteristics were unremarkable except for an unusually circular shape. Together, our findings suggest that the reduced expression of CLCN7 mRNA in osteoclasts, and possibly also osteocytes, causes poorly remodelled bone with abnormal bone matrix with high mineral content. This together with the lack of adequate bone repair mechanisms makes the material brittle and prone to fracture. While the skeletal phenotype and medical history were suggestive of ADOII, genetic analysis revealed that this is a possible mild case of ARO due to deep intronic mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen G Hofstaetter
- 1st Medical Dept., Hanusch Hospital, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Vienna, Austria
- Michael Ogon Laboratory, Orthopaedic Hospital Vienna-Speising, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
| | - Hajime Kato
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Osteoporosis Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kogawa
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- 1st Medical Dept., Hanusch Hospital, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara M Misof
- 1st Medical Dept., Hanusch Hospital, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Roschger
- 1st Medical Dept., Hanusch Hospital, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Evdokiou
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Dongqing Yang
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Lucian B Solomon
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - David M Findlay
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Nobuaki Ito
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Osteoporosis Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Lahr CA, Landgraf M, Wagner F, Cipitria A, Moreno-Jiménez I, Bas O, Schmutz B, Meinert C, Cavalcanti ADS, Mashimo T, Miyasaka Y, Holzapfel BM, Shafiee A, McGovern JA, Hutmacher DW. A humanised rat model of osteosarcoma reveals ultrastructural differences between bone and mineralised tumour tissue. Bone 2022; 158:116018. [PMID: 34023543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current xenograft animal models fail to accurately replicate the complexity of human bone disease. To gain translatable and clinically valuable data from animal models, new in vivo models need to be developed that mimic pivotal aspects of human bone physiology as well as its diseased state. Above all, an advanced bone disease model should promote the development of new treatment strategies and facilitate the conduction of common clinical interventional procedures. Here we describe the development and characterisation of an orthotopic humanised tissue-engineered osteosarcoma (OS) model in a recently genetically engineered x-linked severe combined immunodeficient (X-SCID) rat. For the first time in a genetically modified rat, our results show the successful implementation of an orthotopic humanised tissue-engineered bone niche supporting the growth of a human OS cell line including its metastatic spread to the lung. Moreover, we studied the inter- and intraspecies differences in ultrastructural composition of bone and calcified tissue produced by the tumour, pointing to the crucial role of humanised animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A Lahr
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Musculoskeletal University Centre Munich, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Munich, LMU, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marietta Landgraf
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Ferdinand Wagner
- Musculoskeletal University Centre Munich, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Munich, LMU, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Amaia Cipitria
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Inés Moreno-Jiménez
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Onur Bas
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; ARC Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Beat Schmutz
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Jamieson Trauma Institute, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Christoph Meinert
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Amanda Dos Santos Cavalcanti
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Division of Animal Genetics, Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Miyasaka
- Laboratory of Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Boris M Holzapfel
- Musculoskeletal University Centre Munich, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Munich, LMU, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
| | - Jacqui A McGovern
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; ARC Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
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9
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Bortel E, Grover LM, Eisenstein N, Seim C, Suhonen H, Pacureanu A, Westenberger P, Raum K, Langer M, Peyrin F, Addison O, Hesse B. Interconnectivity Explains High Canalicular Network Robustness between Neighboring Osteocyte Lacunae in Human Bone. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emely Bortel
- Xploraytion GmbH Bismarckstrasse 10-12 10625 Berlin Germany
| | - Liam M Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering University of Birmingham B15 2TT Birmingham UK
| | - Neil Eisenstein
- School of Chemical Engineering University of Birmingham B15 2TT Birmingham UK
| | - Christian Seim
- Xploraytion GmbH Bismarckstrasse 10-12 10625 Berlin Germany
- Technical University of Berlin: Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Heikki Suhonen
- University of Helsinki: Department of Physics 00560 Helsinki Finland
| | | | | | - Kay Raum
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlinand Berlin Institute of Health BCRT—Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies 13353 Berlin Germany
| | - Max Langer
- Univ Lyon CNRS 5220Inserm U1294INSA Lyon 69621 Creatis Villeurbanne Cedex France
- Université Grenoble Alpes CNRSUMR 5525 VetAgro SupGrenoble INPTIMC F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Francoise Peyrin
- ESRF: Experiment Division 38000 Grenoble France
- Univ Lyon CNRS 5220Inserm U1294INSA Lyon 69621 Creatis Villeurbanne Cedex France
| | - Owen Addison
- Faculty of Dentistry Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Kings College SE1 9RT London UK
| | - Bernhard Hesse
- Xploraytion GmbH Bismarckstrasse 10-12 10625 Berlin Germany
- ESRF: Experiment Division 38000 Grenoble France
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10
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Wittig NK, Østergaard M, Palle J, Christensen TEK, Langdahl BL, Rejnmark L, Hauge EM, Brüel A, Thomsen JS, Birkedal H. Opportunities for biomineralization research using multiscale computed X-ray tomography as exemplified by bone imaging. J Struct Biol 2021; 214:107822. [PMID: 34902560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biominerals typically have complex hierarchical structures traversing many length scales. This makes their structural characterization complicated, since it requires 3D techniques that can probe full specimens at down to nanometer-resolution, a combination that is difficult - if not impossible - to achieve simultaneously. One challenging example is bone, a mineralized tissue with a highly complex architecture that is replete with a network of cells. X-ray computed tomography techniques enable multiscale structural characterization through the combination of various equipment and emerge as promising tools for characterizing biominerals. Using bone as an example, we discuss how combining different X-ray imaging instruments allow characterizing bone structures from the nano- to the organ-scale. In particular, we compare and contrast human and rodent bone, emphasize the importance of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network in bone, and finally illustrate how combining synchrotron X-ray imaging with laboratory instrumentation for computed tomography is especially helpful for multiscale characterization of biominerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kølln Wittig
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Maja Østergaard
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Palle
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thorbjørn Erik Køppen Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Bente Lomholt Langdahl
- Department of Clinical Medicine - The Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Rejnmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine - The Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ellen-Margrethe Hauge
- Department of Clinical Medicine - The Department of Rheumatology, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 45, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Brüel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper Skovhus Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
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11
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Kuroda Y, Kawaai K, Hatano N, Wu Y, Takano H, Momose A, Ishimoto T, Nakano T, Roschger P, Blouin S, Matsuo K. Hypermineralization of Hearing-Related Bones by a Specific Osteoblast Subtype. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1535-1547. [PMID: 33905562 PMCID: PMC8453739 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Auditory ossicles in the middle ear and bony labyrinth of the inner ear are highly mineralized in adult mammals. Cellular mechanisms underlying formation of dense bone during development are unknown. Here, we found that osteoblast-like cells synthesizing highly mineralized hearing-related bones produce both type I and type II collagens as the bone matrix, while conventional osteoblasts and chondrocytes primarily produce type I and type II collagens, respectively. Furthermore, these osteoblast-like cells were not labeled in a "conventional osteoblast"-specific green fluorescent protein (GFP) mouse line. Type II collagen-producing osteoblast-like cells were not chondrocytes as they express osteocalcin, localize along alizarin-labeled osteoid, and form osteocyte lacunae and canaliculi, as do conventional osteoblasts. Auditory ossicles and the bony labyrinth exhibit not only higher bone matrix mineralization but also a higher degree of apatite orientation than do long bones. Therefore, we conclude that these type II collagen-producing hypermineralizing osteoblasts (termed here auditory osteoblasts) represent a new osteoblast subtype. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kuroda
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kawaai
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Hatano
- Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yanlin Wu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Takano
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Momose
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishimoto
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Koichi Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Ayoubi M, Tol AF, Weinkamer R, Roschger P, Brugger PC, Berzlanovich A, Bertinetti L, Roschger A, Fratzl P. 3D Interrelationship between Osteocyte Network and Forming Mineral during Human Bone Remodeling. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100113. [PMID: 33963821 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
During bone remodeling, osteoblasts are known to deposit unmineralized collagenous tissue (osteoid), which mineralizes after some time lag. Some of the osteoblasts differentiate into osteocytes, forming a cell network within the lacunocanalicular network (LCN) of bone. To get more insight into the potential role of osteocytes in the mineralization process of osteoid, sites of bone formation are three-dimensionally imaged in nine forming human osteons using focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). In agreement with previous observations, the mineral concentration is found to gradually increase from the central Haversian canal toward pre-existing mineralized bone. Most interestingly, a similar feature is discovered on a length scale more than 100-times smaller, whereby mineral concentration increases from the LCN, leaving around the canaliculi a zone virtually free of mineral, the size of which decreases with progressing mineralization. This suggests that the LCN controls mineral formation but not just by diffusion of mineralization precursors, which would lead to a continuous decrease of mineral concentration from the LCN. The observation is, however, compatible with the codiffusion and reaction of precursors and inhibitors from the LCN into the bone matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ayoubi
- Department of Biomaterials Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam 14476 Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies (BSRT) Charité Campus Virchow‐Klinikum Berlin D‐13353 Germany
| | - Alexander F. Tol
- Department of Biomaterials Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam 14476 Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies (BSRT) Charité Campus Virchow‐Klinikum Berlin D‐13353 Germany
| | - Richard Weinkamer
- Department of Biomaterials Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam 14476 Germany
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Vienna A‐1140 Austria
| | - Peter C. Brugger
- Department of Anatomy Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology Medical University of Vienna Vienna A‐1090 Austria
| | - Andrea Berzlanovich
- Center of Forensic Science Medical University of Vienna Sensengasse 2 Vienna A‐1090 Austria
| | - Luca Bertinetti
- Department of Biomaterials Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam 14476 Germany
- B CUBE—Center for Molecular Bioengineering Technische Universität Dresden Dresden 01307 Germany
| | - Andreas Roschger
- Department of Biomaterials Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam 14476 Germany
- Department for Chemistry and Physics of Materials Paris Lodron University of Salzburg Salzburg 5020 Austria
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam 14476 Germany
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13
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Shrivas NV, Tiwari AK, Kumar R, Patil S, Tripathi D, Badhyal S. Physiological Loading-Induced Interstitial Fluid Dynamics in Osteon of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Bone. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:1106937. [PMID: 33834233 DOI: 10.1115/1.4050818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known as "brittle bone disease," is a genetic bone disorder. OI bones experience frequent fractures. Surgical procedures are usually followed by clinicians in the management of OI. It has been observed physical activity is equally beneficial in reducing OI bone fractures in both children and adults as mechanical stimulation improves bone mass and strength. Loading-induced mechanical strain and interstitial fluid flow stimulate bone remodeling activities. Several studies have characterized strain environment in OI bones, whereas very few studies attempted to characterize the interstitial fluid flow. OI significantly affects bone micro-architecture. Thus, this study anticipates that canalicular fluid flow reduces in OI bone in comparison to the healthy bone in response to physiological loading due to altered poromechanical properties. This work attempts to understand the canalicular fluid distribution in single osteon models of OI and healthy bone. A poromechanical model of osteon is developed to compute pore-pressure and interstitial fluid flow as a function of gait loading pattern reported for OI and healthy subjects. Fluid distribution patterns are compared at different time-points of the stance phase of the gait cycle. It is observed that fluid flow significantly reduces in OI bone. Additionally, flow is more static than dynamic in OI osteon in comparison to healthy subjects. This work attempts to identify the plausible explanation behind the diminished mechanotransduction capability of OI bone. This work may further be extended for designing better biomechanical therapies to enhance the fluid flow in order to improve osteogenic activities in OI bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Vivek Shrivas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India; Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Santosh Patil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Dharmendra Tripathi
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand, Srinagar, Uttarakhand 246174, India
| | - Subham Badhyal
- Sports Authority of India, Jawahar Lal Nehru Stadium, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India; MYAS-GNDU Department of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
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14
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Finite element analysis on multi-toughening mechanism of microstructure of osteon. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 117:104408. [PMID: 33657473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The toughening mechanism of cortical bone is closely related to its hierarchical microstructure. Osteon is the most important microstructure of cortical bone. Therefore, it is very important to study the toughening mechanism of the microstructure of osteon. There are three main kinds of cracks in cortical bone: external crack of osteon, internal radial cracks of osteon and microporous damage cracks. Numerical models for these three kinds of cracks are established by XFEM and the progressive damage approach, respectively. The multi-toughening mechanisms of microstructure of osteon are found. The cement line on the outside of osteon is its first toughening mechanism, which can make the crack deflection and improve the fracture resistance of osteon. The resistance of cement line to fracture increases with the decrease of the strength and the increase of the thickness. The second toughening mechanism is elliptical osteocyte lacunae, which can attract the crack into the elliptical lacunae and cause stress redistribution to prevent the crack propagation. The annularly elliptical lacuna structure is an optimized arrangement and shape of microstructure, which is the third toughening mechanism of osteon. This microstructure can determine the location of the crack initiation and make the microcracks propagate along the annular direction rather than penetrating into the haversian cannal to protect the integrity of the osteon. The study of these toughening mechanisms provides new ideas for the research and design of synthetic composite structures.
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15
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Vahidi G, Rux C, Sherk VD, Heveran CM. Lacunar-canalicular bone remodeling: Impacts on bone quality and tools for assessment. Bone 2021; 143:115663. [PMID: 32987198 PMCID: PMC7769905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteocytes can resorb as well as replace bone adjacent to the expansive lacunar-canalicular system (LCS). Suppressed LCS remodeling decreases bone fracture toughness, but it is unclear how altered LCS remodeling impacts bone quality. The first goal of this review is to assess how LCS remodeling impacts LCS morphology as well as the composition and mechanical properties of surrounding bone tissue. The second goal is to compare tools available for the assessment of bone quality at length-scales that are physiologically-relevant to LCS remodeling. We find that changes to LCS morphology occur in response to a variety of physiological conditions and diseases and can be classified in two general phenotypes. In the 'aging phenotype', seen in aging and in some disuse models, the LCS is truncated and osteocytes apoptosis is increased. In the 'osteocytic osteolysis' phenotype, which is adaptive in some physiological settings and possibly maladaptive in others, the LCS enlarges and osteocytes generally maintain viability. Bone composition and mechanical properties vary near the osteocyte and change with at least some conditions that alter LCS morphology. However, few studies have evaluated bone composition and mechanical properties close to the LCS and so the impacts of LCS remodeling phenotypes on bone tissue quality are still undetermined. We summarize the current understanding of how LCS remodeling impacts LCS morphology, tissue-scale bone composition and mechanical properties, and whole-bone material properties. Tools are compared for assessing tissue-scale bone properties, as well as the resolution, advantages, and limitations of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vahidi
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, United States of America
| | - C Rux
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, United States of America
| | - V D Sherk
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - C M Heveran
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, United States of America.
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16
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Vidavsky N, Kunitake JAMR, Estroff LA. Multiple Pathways for Pathological Calcification in the Human Body. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001271. [PMID: 33274854 PMCID: PMC8724004 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomineralization of skeletal components (e.g., bone and teeth) is generally accepted to occur under strict cellular regulation, leading to mineral-organic composites with hierarchical structures and properties optimized for their designated function. Such cellular regulation includes promoting mineralization at desired sites as well as inhibiting mineralization in soft tissues and other undesirable locations. In contrast, pathological mineralization, with potentially harmful health effects, can occur as a result of tissue or metabolic abnormalities, disease, or implantation of certain biomaterials. This progress report defines mineralization pathway components and identifies the commonalities (and differences) between physiological (e.g., bone remodeling) and pathological calcification formation pathways, based, in part, upon the extent of cellular control within the system. These concepts are discussed in representative examples of calcium phosphate-based pathological mineralization in cancer (breast, thyroid, ovarian, and meningioma) and in cardiovascular disease. In-depth mechanistic understanding of pathological mineralization requires utilizing state-of-the-art materials science imaging and characterization techniques, focusing not only on the final deposits, but also on the earlier stages of crystal nucleation, growth, and aggregation. Such mechanistic understanding will further enable the use of pathological calcifications in diagnosis and prognosis, as well as possibly provide insights into preventative treatments for detrimental mineralization in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Vidavsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Jennie A M R Kunitake
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lara A Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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17
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Stockhausen KE, Qwamizadeh M, Wölfel EM, Hemmatian H, Fiedler IAK, Flenner S, Longo E, Amling M, Greving I, Ritchie RO, Schmidt FN, Busse B. Collagen Fiber Orientation Is Coupled with Specific Nano-Compositional Patterns in Dark and Bright Osteons Modulating Their Biomechanical Properties. ACS NANO 2021; 15:455-467. [PMID: 33404232 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bone continuously adapts to its mechanical environment by structural reorganization to maintain mechanical strength. As the adaptive capabilities of bone are portrayed in its nano- and microstructure, the existence of dark and bright osteons with contrasting preferential collagen fiber orientation (longitudinal and oblique-angled, respectively) points at a required tissue heterogeneity that contributes to the excellent fracture resistance mechanisms in bone. Dark and bright osteons provide an exceptional opportunity to deepen our understanding of how nanoscale tissue properties influence and guide fracture mechanisms at larger length scales. To this end, a comprehensive structural, compositional, and mechanical assessment is performed using circularly polarized light microscopy, synchrotron nanocomputed tomography, focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy, quantitative backscattered electron imaging, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nanoindentation testing. To predict how the mechanical behavior of osteons is affected by shifts in collagen fiber orientation, finite element models are generated. Fundamental disparities between both osteon types are observed: dark osteons are characterized by a higher degree of mineralization along with a higher ratio of inorganic to organic matrix components that lead to higher stiffness and the ability to resist plastic deformation under compression. On the contrary, bright osteons contain a higher fraction of collagen and provide enhanced ductility and energy dissipation due to lower stiffness and hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian E Stockhausen
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Lottestrasse 55a, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mahan Qwamizadeh
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Lottestrasse 55a, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva M Wölfel
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Lottestrasse 55a, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
- Forum Medical Technology Health Hamburg (FMTHH), Butenfeld 34, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Haniyeh Hemmatian
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Lottestrasse 55a, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Imke A K Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Lottestrasse 55a, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
- Forum Medical Technology Health Hamburg (FMTHH), Butenfeld 34, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silja Flenner
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Elena Longo
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Lottestrasse 55a, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Imke Greving
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Felix N Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Lottestrasse 55a, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
- Forum Medical Technology Health Hamburg (FMTHH), Butenfeld 34, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Lottestrasse 55a, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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18
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The mechanoresponse of bone is closely related to the osteocyte lacunocanalicular network architecture. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32251-32259. [PMID: 33288694 PMCID: PMC7768754 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011504117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The explanation of how bone senses and adapts to mechanical stimulation still relies on hypotheses. The fluid flow hypothesis claims that a load-induced fluid flow through the lacunocanalicular network can be sensed by osteocytes, which reside within the network structure. We show that considering the network architecture results in a better prediction of bone remodeling than mechanical strain alone. This was done by calculating the fluid flow through the lacunocanalicular network in bone volumes covering the complete cross-sections of mouse tibiae, which underwent controlled in vivo loading. The established relationship between mechanosensitivity and network architecture in individual animals implies possibilities for patient-specific therapies. A new connectomics approach to analyze lacunocanalicular network properties is necessary to understand skeletal mechanobiology. Organisms rely on mechanosensing mechanisms to adapt to changes in their mechanical environment. Fluid-filled network structures not only ensure efficient transport but can also be employed for mechanosensation. The lacunocanalicular network (LCN) is a fluid-filled network structure, which pervades our bones and accommodates a cell network of osteocytes. For the mechanism of mechanosensation, it was hypothesized that load-induced fluid flow results in forces that can be sensed by the cells. We use a controlled in vivo loading experiment on murine tibiae to test this hypothesis, whereby the mechanoresponse was quantified experimentally by in vivo micro-computed tomography (µCT) in terms of formed and resorbed bone volume. By imaging the LCN using confocal microscopy in bone volumes covering the entire cross-section of mouse tibiae and by calculating the fluid flow in the three-dimensional (3D) network, we could perform a direct comparison between predictions based on fluid flow velocity and the experimentally measured mechanoresponse. While local strain distributions estimated by finite-element analysis incorrectly predicts preferred bone formation on the periosteal surface, we demonstrate that additional consideration of the LCN architecture not only corrects this erroneous bias in the prediction but also explains observed differences in the mechanosensitivity between the three investigated mice. We also identified the presence of vascular channels as an important mechanism to locally reduce fluid flow. Flow velocities increased for a convergent network structure where all of the flow is channeled into fewer canaliculi. We conclude that, besides mechanical loading, LCN architecture should be considered as a key determinant of bone adaptation.
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19
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Schemenz V, Gjardy A, Chamasemani FF, Roschger A, Roschger P, Zaslansky P, Helfen L, Burghammer M, Fratzl P, Weinkamer R, Brunner R, Willie BM, Wagermaier W. Heterogeneity of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network architecture and material characteristics across different tissue types in healing bone. J Struct Biol 2020; 212:107616. [PMID: 32920138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Various tissue types, including fibrous connective tissue, bone marrow, cartilage, woven and lamellar bone, coexist in healing bone. Similar to most bone tissue type, healing bone contains a lacuno-canalicular network (LCN) housing osteocytes. These cells are known to orchestrate bone remodeling in healthy bone by sensing mechanical strains and translating them into biochemical signals. The structure of the LCN is hypothesized to influence mineralization processes. Hence, the aim of the present study was to visualize and match spatial variations in the LCN topology with mineral characteristics, within and at the interfaces of the different tissue types that comprise healing bone. We applied a correlative multi-method approach to visualize the LCN architecture and quantify mineral particle size and orientation within healing femoral bone in a mouse osteotomy model (26 weeks old C57BL/6 mice). This approach revealed structural differences across several length scales during endochondral ossification within the following regions: calcified cartilage, bony callus, cortical bone and a transition zone between the cortical and callus region analyzed 21 days after the osteotomy. In this transition zone, we observed a continuous convergence of mineral characteristics and osteocyte lacunae shape as well as discontinuities in the lacunae volume and LCN connectivity. The bony callus exhibits a 34% higher lacunae number density and 40% larger lacunar volume compared to cortical bone. The presented correlations between LCN architecture and mineral characteristics improves our understanding of how bone develops during healing and may indicate a contribution of osteocytes to bone (re)modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Schemenz
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - André Gjardy
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Roschger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of ÖGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 14197, Germany
| | - Lukas Helfen
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Peter Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Richard Weinkamer
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Roland Brunner
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Bettina M Willie
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University, 1003 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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20
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Yu B, Pacureanu A, Olivier C, Cloetens P, Peyrin F. Quantification of the bone lacunocanalicular network from 3D X-ray phase nanotomography images. J Microsc 2020; 282:30-44. [PMID: 33125757 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in developing 3D microscopy for the exploration of thick biological tissues. Recently, 3D X-ray nanocomputerised tomography has proven to be a suitable technique for imaging the bone lacunocanalicular network. This interconnected structure is hosting the osteocytes which play a major role in maintaining bone quality through remodelling processes. 3D images have the potential to reveal the architecture of cellular networks, but their quantitative analysis remains a challenge due to the density and complexity of nanometre sized structures and the need to handle and process large datasets, for example, 20483 voxels corresponding to 32 GB per individual image in our case. In this work, we propose an efficient image processing approach for the segmentation of the network and the extraction of characteristic parameters describing the 3D structure. These parameters include the density of lacunae, the porosity of lacunae and canaliculi, and morphological features of lacunae (volume, surface area, lengths, anisotropy etc.). We also introduce additional parameters describing the local environment of each lacuna and its canaliculi. The method is applied to analyse eight human femoral cortical bone samples imaged by magnified X-ray phase nanotomography with a voxel size of 120 nm, which was found to be a good compromise to resolve canaliculi while keeping a sufficiently large field of view of 246 μm in 3D. The analysis was performed on a total of 2077 lacunae showing an average length, width and depth of 17.1 μm × 9.2 μm × 4.4 μm, with an average number of 58.2 canaliculi per lacuna and a total lacuno-canalicular porosity of 1.12%. The reported descriptive parameters provide information on the 3D organisation of the lacuno-canalicular network in human bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boliang Yu
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSERM, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CREATIS, UMR 5220, U1206, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Pacureanu
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSERM, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CREATIS, UMR 5220, U1206, Lyon, France
| | - Cecile Olivier
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSERM, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CREATIS, UMR 5220, U1206, Lyon, France.,ESRF, the European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Francoise Peyrin
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSERM, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CREATIS, UMR 5220, U1206, Lyon, France.,ESRF, the European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
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21
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Lerebours C, Weinkamer R, Roschger A, Buenzli PR. Mineral density differences between femoral cortical bone and trabecular bone are not explained by turnover rate alone. Bone Rep 2020; 13:100731. [PMID: 33392366 PMCID: PMC7772649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mineral density distributions (BMDDs) are a measurable property of bone tissues that depends strongly on bone remodelling and mineralisation processes. These processes can vary significantly in health and disease and across skeletal sites, so there is high interest in analysing these processes from experimental BMDDs. Here, we propose a rigorous hypothesis-testing approach based on a mathematical model of mineral heterogeneity in bone due to remodelling and mineralisation, to help explain differences observed between the BMDD of human femoral cortical bone and the BMDD of human trabecular bone. Recent BMDD measurements show that femoral cortical bone possesses a higher bone mineral density, but a similar mineral heterogeneity around the mean compared to trabecular bone. By combining this data with the mathematical model, we are able to test whether this difference in BMDD can be explained by (i) differences in turnover rate; (ii) differences in osteoclast resorption behaviour; and (iii) differences in mineralisation kinetics between the two bone types. We find that accounting only for differences in turnover rate is inconsistent with the fact that both BMDDs have a similar spread around the mean, and that accounting for differences in osteoclast resorption behaviour leads to biologically inconsistent bone remodelling patterns. We conclude that the kinetics of mineral accumulation in bone matrix must therefore be different in femoral cortical bone and trabecular bone. Although both cortical and trabecular bone are made up of lamellar bone, the different mineralisation kinetics in the two types of bone point towards more profound structural differences than usually assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Lerebours
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Richard Weinkamer
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Roschger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of the Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Pascal R Buenzli
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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22
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Moreno-Jiménez I, Cipitria A, Sánchez-Herrero A, van Tol AF, Roschger A, Lahr CA, McGovern JA, Hutmacher DW, Fratzl P. Human and mouse bones physiologically integrate in a humanized mouse model while maintaining species-specific ultrastructure. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/44/eabb9265. [PMID: 33115741 PMCID: PMC7608795 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb9265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Humanized mouse models are increasingly studied to recapitulate human-like bone physiology. While human and mouse bone architectures differ in multiple scales, the extent to which chimeric human-mouse bone physiologically interacts and structurally integrates remains unknown. Here, we identify that humanized bone is formed by a mosaic of human and mouse collagen, structurally integrated within the same bone organ, as shown by immunohistochemistry. Combining this with materials science techniques, we investigate the extracellular matrix of specific human and mouse collagen regions. We show that human-like osteocyte lacunar-canalicular network is retained within human collagen regions and is distinct to that of mouse tissue. This multiscale analysis shows that human and mouse tissues physiologically integrate into a single, functional bone tissue while maintaining their species-specific ultrastructural differences. These results offer an original method to validate and advance tissue-engineered human-like bone in chimeric animal models, which grow to be eloquent tools in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Moreno-Jiménez
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A Cipitria
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Sánchez-Herrero
- Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A F van Tol
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Roschger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany
| | - C A Lahr
- Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J A McGovern
- Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D W Hutmacher
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany.
- Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany.
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23
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Quantitative and qualitative bone imaging: A review of synchrotron radiation microtomography analysis in bone research. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103887. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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24
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Dallas SL, Moore DS. Using confocal imaging approaches to understand the structure and function of osteocytes and the lacunocanalicular network. Bone 2020; 138:115463. [PMID: 32512167 PMCID: PMC7423610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although overlooked in the past, osteocytes have come to the forefront of skeletal biology and are now recognized as a key cell type that integrates hormonal, mechanical and other signals to control bone mass through regulation of both osteoblast and osteoclast activity. With the surge of recent interest in osteocytes as bone regulatory cells and the discovery that they also function as endocrine regulators of phosphate homeostasis, there has been renewed interest in understanding the structure and function of these unique and relatively inaccessible cells. Osteocytes are embedded within the mineralized bone matrix and are housed within a complex lacunocanalicular system which connects them with the circulation and with other organ systems. This has presented unique challenges for imaging these cells. This review summarizes recent advances in confocal imaging approaches for visualizing osteocytes and their lacunocanalicular networks in both living and fixed bone specimens and discusses how computational approaches can be combined with live and fixed cell imaging techniques to generate quantitative outputs and predictive models. The integration of advanced imaging with computational approaches promises to lead to a more in depth understanding of the structure and function of osteocyte networks and the lacunocanalicular system in the healthy and aging state as well as in pathological conditions in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Dallas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America.
| | - David S Moore
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America
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25
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An Early Myeloma Bone Disease Model in Skeletally Mature Mice as a Platform for Biomaterial Characterization of the Extracellular Matrix. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:3985315. [PMID: 32684931 PMCID: PMC7336213 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3985315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease is characterized by osteolytic bone tissue destruction resulting in bone pain, fractures, vertebral collapse, and spinal cord compression in patients. Upon initial diagnosis of MM, almost 80% of patients suffer from bone disease. Earlier diagnosis and intervention in MM bone disease would potentially improve treatment outcome and patient survival. New preclinical models are needed for developing novel diagnostic markers of bone structural changes as early as possible in the disease course. Here, we report a proof-of-concept, syngeneic, intrafemoral MOPC315.BM MM murine model in skeletally mature BALB/c mice for detection and characterization of very early changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of MM-injected animals. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) in vivo confirmed myeloma engraftment in 100% of the animals with high osteoclast activity within 21 days after tumor cell inoculation. Early signs of aggressive bone turnover were observed on the outer bone surfaces by high-resolution microcomputed tomography (microCT). Synchrotron phase contrast-enhanced microcomputer tomography (PCE-CT) revealed very local microarchitecture differences highlighting numerous active sites of erosion and new bone at the micrometer scale. Correlative backscattered electron imaging (BSE) and confocal laser scanning microscopy allowed direct comparison of mineralized and nonmineralized matrix changes in the cortical bone. The osteocyte lacunar-canalicular network (OLCN) architecture was disorganized, and irregular-shaped osteocyte lacunae were observed in MM-injected bones after 21 days. Our model provides a potential platform to further evaluate pathological MM bone lesion development at the micro- and ultrastructural levels. These promising results make it possible to combine material science and pharmacological investigations that may improve early detection and treatment of MM bone disease.
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26
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Rokidi S, Bravenboer N, Gamsjaeger S, Misof B, Blouin S, Chavassieux P, Klaushofer K, Paschalis E, Papapoulos S, Appelman-Dijkstra N. Impact microindentation assesses subperiosteal bone material properties in humans. Bone 2020; 131:115110. [PMID: 31655220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Impact microindentation (IMI) is a Reference Point Indentation technique measuring tissue-level properties of cortical bone in humans in vivo. The nature, however, of the properties that can affect bone strength is incompletely understood. In the present study we examined bone material properties in transiliac bone biopsies obtained concurrently with measurements of Bone Material Strength index (BMSi) by IMI in 12 patients with different skeletal disorders and a wide range of BMD, with or without fractures (8 males, 4 females, mean age 48±12.2 (SD) years, range 15-60 years). IMI was performed in the mid-shaft of the right tibia with a hand-held microindenter (OsteoProbe). Cancellous and cortical bone mineralization density distributions (BMDD) were measured in the entire biopsy bone area by quantitative backscattered electron imaging. Raman measurements were obtained right at the outer edge of the cortex, and 5, 50, 100, 500μm inwards. The calculated parameters were: i) Mineral and organic matrix content as well as the mineral / matrix ratio. ii) Nanoporosity. iii) Glycosaminoglycan content. iv) Pyridinoline content. v) Maturity/crystallinity of the apatite crystallites. There was no relationship between BMSi values with any measurement of mineral content of whole bone tissue (BMD, BMDD) or maturity/crystallinity of bone mineral. On the other hand, a positive correlation between BMSi and local mineral content, and an inverse correlation between BMSi and nanoporosity at the mineralized subperiosteal edge of the sample and at 5μm inwards was found. A positive correlation was also observed between BMSi and pyridinoline content at the same locations. These results indicate that local mineral content, nanoporosity and pyridinoline content at the subperiosteal site in the transiliac bone biopsy are linked to the BMSi values measured in the tibia. As both high porosity at the nano level and low pyridinoline content of the bone matrix can negatively impact bone strength, our findings suggest that BMSi most likely assesses subperiosteal bone material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Rokidi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Viennese sickness insurance funds (WGKK) and Research funds of the Austrian workers compensation board (AUVA) Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalie Bravenboer
- Leiden Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sonja Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Viennese sickness insurance funds (WGKK) and Research funds of the Austrian workers compensation board (AUVA) Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Misof
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Viennese sickness insurance funds (WGKK) and Research funds of the Austrian workers compensation board (AUVA) Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital Vienna, Austria
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Viennese sickness insurance funds (WGKK) and Research funds of the Austrian workers compensation board (AUVA) Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Klaus Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Viennese sickness insurance funds (WGKK) and Research funds of the Austrian workers compensation board (AUVA) Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital Vienna, Austria
| | - Eleftherios Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of Viennese sickness insurance funds (WGKK) and Research funds of the Austrian workers compensation board (AUVA) Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital Vienna, Austria.
| | - Socrates Papapoulos
- Leiden Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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27
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van Tol AF, Roschger A, Repp F, Chen J, Roschger P, Berzlanovich A, Gruber GM, Fratzl P, Weinkamer R. Network architecture strongly influences the fluid flow pattern through the lacunocanalicular network in human osteons. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 19:823-840. [PMID: 31782029 PMCID: PMC7203595 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A popular hypothesis explains the mechanosensitivity of bone due to osteocytes sensing the load-induced flow of interstitial fluid squeezed through the lacunocanalicular network (LCN). However, the way in which the intricate structure of the LCN influences fluid flow through the network is largely unexplored. We therefore aimed to quantify fluid flow through real LCNs from human osteons using a combination of experimental and computational techniques. Bone samples were stained with rhodamine to image the LCN with 3D confocal microscopy. Image analysis was then performed to convert image stacks into mathematical network structures, in order to estimate the intrinsic permeability of the osteons as well as the load-induced fluid flow using hydraulic circuit theory. Fluid flow was studied in both ordinary osteons with a rather homogeneous LCN as well as a frequent subtype of osteons-so-called osteon-in-osteons-which are characterized by a ring-like zone of low network connectivity between the inner and the outer parts of these osteons. We analyzed 8 ordinary osteons and 9 osteon-in-osteons from the femur midshaft of a 57-year-old woman without any known disease. While the intrinsic permeability was 2.7 times smaller in osteon-in-osteons compared to ordinary osteons, the load-induced fluid velocity was 2.3 times higher. This increased fluid velocity in osteon-in-osteons can be explained by the longer path length, needed to cross the osteon from the cement line to the Haversian canal, including more fluid-filled lacunae and canaliculi. This explanation was corroborated by the observation that a purely structural parameter-the mean path length to the Haversian canal-is an excellent predictor for the average fluid flow velocity. We conclude that osteon-in-osteons may be particularly significant contributors to the mechanosensitivity of cortical bone, due to the higher fluid flow in this type of osteons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F van Tol
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany. .,Berlin-Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Föhrer Str. 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - A Roschger
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Jakrob-Haringer Straße 2a, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - F Repp
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - J Chen
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
| | - P Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Berzlanovich
- Center of Forensic Science, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - G M Gruber
- Department of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Richard Weinkamer
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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28
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Gauthier R, Follet H, Olivier C, Mitton D, Peyrin F. 3D analysis of the osteonal and interstitial tissue in human radii cortical bone. Bone 2019; 127:526-536. [PMID: 31362068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human cortical bone has a complex hierarchical structure that is periodically remodelled throughout a lifetime. This microstructure dictates the mechanical response of the tissue under a critical load. If only some structural features, such as the different porosities observed in bone, are primarily studied, then investigations may not fully consider the osteonal systems in three-dimensions (3D). Currently, it is difficult to differentiate osteons from interstitial tissue using standard 3D characterization methods. Synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SR-μCT) in the phase contrast mode is a promising method for the investigation of osteons. In the current study, SR-μCT imaging was performed on cortical bone samples harvested from eight human radii (female, 50-91 y.o.). The images were segmented to identify Haversian canals, osteocyte lacunae, micro-cracks, as well as osteons. The significant correlation between osteonal and Haversian canal volume fraction highlights the role of the canals as sites where bone remodelling is initiated. The results showed that osteocyte lacunae morphometric parameters depend on their distance to cement lines, strongly suggesting the evolution of biological activity from the beginning to the end of the remodelling process. Thus, the current study provides new data on 3D osteonal morphometric parameters and their relationships with other structural features in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Gauthier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, F69622 Lyon, France; Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1206, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Creatis, F69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Follet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, LYOS UMR1033, F69008 Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Olivier
- Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1206, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Creatis, F69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - David Mitton
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, F69622 Lyon, France
| | - Françoise Peyrin
- Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1206, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Creatis, F69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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29
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Blank M, Sims NA. Cellular Processes by Which Osteoblasts and Osteocytes Control Bone Mineral Deposition and Maturation Revealed by Stage-Specific EphrinB2 Knockdown. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:270-280. [PMID: 31401710 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We outline the diverse processes contributing to bone mineralization and bone matrix maturation by describing two mouse models with bone strength defects caused by restricted deletion of the receptor tyrosine kinase ligand EphrinB2. RECENT FINDINGS Stage-specific EphrinB2 deletion differs in its effects on skeletal strength. Early-stage deletion in osteoblasts leads to osteoblast apoptosis, delayed initiation of mineralization, and increased bone flexibility. Deletion later in the lineage targeted to osteocytes leads to a brittle bone phenotype and increased osteocyte autophagy. In these latter mice, although mineralization is initiated normally, all processes involved in matrix maturation, including mineral accrual, carbonate substitution, and collagen compaction, progress more rapidly. Osteoblasts and osteocytes control the many processes involved in bone mineralization; defining the contributing signaling activities may lead to new ways to understand and treat human skeletal fragilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Blank
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, and the Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, and the Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia.
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Wittig NK, Birkbak ME, Bach-Gansmo FL, Pacureanu A, Wendelboe MH, Brüel A, Thomsen JS, Birkedal H. No Signature of Osteocytic Osteolysis in Cortical Bone from Lactating NMRI Mice. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:308-315. [PMID: 31147741 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The roles of osteocytes in bone homeostasis have garnered increasing attention since it has been realized that osteocytes communicate with other organs. It has long been debated whether and/or to which degree osteocytes can break down the bone matrix surrounding them in a process called osteocytic osteolysis. Osteocytic osteolysis has been indicated to be induced by a number of skeletal challenges including lactation in CD1 and C57BL/6 mice, whereas immobilization-induced osteocytic osteolysis is still a matter of controversy. Motivated by the wish to understand this process better, we studied osteocyte lacunae in lactating NMRI mice, which is a widely used outbred mouse strain. Surprisingly, no trace of osteocytic osteolysis could be detected in tibial or femoral cortical bone either by 3D investigation by synchrotron nanotomography, by studies of lacunar cross-sectional areas using scanning electron microscopy, or by light microscopy. These results lead us to conclude that osteocytic osteolysis does not occur in NMRI mice as a response to lactation, in turn suggesting that osteocytic osteolysis may not play a generic role in mobilizing calcium during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kølln Wittig
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mie Elholm Birkbak
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Fiona Linnea Bach-Gansmo
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Pacureanu
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Mette Høegh Wendelboe
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Brüel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jesper Skovhus Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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