1
|
Szilágyi A, Takács B, Szekeres R, Tarjányi V, Nagy D, Priksz D, Bombicz M, Kiss R, Szabó AM, Lehoczki A, Gesztelyi R, Juhász B, Szilvássy Z, Varga B. Effects of voluntary and forced physical exercise on the retinal health of aging Wistar rats. GeroScience 2024; 46:4707-4728. [PMID: 38795184 PMCID: PMC11336036 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by an increased prevalence of degenerative conditions, including those affecting ocular health, which significantly impact quality of life and increase the burden on healthcare systems. Among these, retinal aging is of particular concern due to its direct link to vision impairment, a leading cause of disability in the elderly. Vision loss in the aging population is associated with heightened risks of cognitive decline, social isolation, and morbidity. This study addresses the critical gap in our understanding of modifiable lifestyle factors, such as physical exercise, that may mitigate retinal aging and its related pathologies. We investigated the effects of different exercise regimens-voluntary (recreational-type) and forced (high-intensity)-on the retinal health of aging Wistar rats (18-month-old), serving as a model for studying the translational potential of exercise interventions in humans. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a young control (3-month-old) for baseline comparison, an aged sedentary control, an aged group engaging in voluntary exercise via a running wheel in their cage, and an aged group subjected to forced exercise on a treadmill for six sessions of 20 min each per week. After a 6-month experimental period, we assessed retinal function via electroretinography (ERG), measured retinal thickness histologically, and analyzed protein expression changes relevant to oxidative stress, inflammation, and anti-aging mechanisms. Our findings reveal that voluntary exercise positively impacts retinal function and morphology, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation markers while enhancing anti-aging protein expression. In contrast, forced exercise showed diminished benefits. These insights underscore the importance of exercise intensity and preference in preserving retinal health during aging. The study highlights the potential of recreational physical activity as a non-invasive strategy to counteract retinal aging, advocating for further research into exercise regimens as preventative therapies for age-related ocular degenerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szilágyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Barbara Takács
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Réka Szekeres
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Vera Tarjányi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dávid Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Priksz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mariann Bombicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rita Kiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Mónika Szabó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Lehoczki
- Departments of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Saint Ladislaus Campus, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral College, Health Sciences Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Béla Juhász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szilvássy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sukkar B, Oktay L, Sahaboglu A, Moayedi A, Zenouri S, Al-Maghout T, Cantó A, Miranda M, Durdagi S, Hosseinzadeh Z. Inhibition of altered Orai1 channels in Müller cells protects photoreceptors in retinal degeneration. Glia 2023; 71:2511-2526. [PMID: 37533369 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The expressions of ion channels by Müller glial cells (MGCs) may change in response to various retinal pathophysiological conditions. There remains a gap in our understanding of MGCs' responses to photoreceptor degeneration towards finding therapies. The study explores how an inhibition of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and its major component, Orai1 channel, in MGCs protects photoreceptors from degeneration. The study revealed increased Orai1 expression in the MGCs of retinal degeneration 10 (rd10) mice. Enhanced expression of oxidative stress markers was confirmed as a crucial pathological mechanism in rd10 retina. Inducing oxidative stress in rat MGCs resulted in increasing SOCE and Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) currents. SOCE inhibition by 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) protected photoreceptors in degenerated retinas. Finally, molecular simulations proved the structural and dynamical features of 2-APB to the target structure Orai1. Our results provide new insights into the physiology of MGCs regarding retinal degeneration and shed a light on SOCE and Orai1 as new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basma Sukkar
- Paul Flechsig Institute, Centre of Neuropathology and Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lalehan Oktay
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Sahaboglu
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aylin Moayedi
- Paul Flechsig Institute, Centre of Neuropathology and Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shima Zenouri
- Paul Flechsig Institute, Centre of Neuropathology and Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tamer Al-Maghout
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Antolin Cantó
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Miranda
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zohreh Hosseinzadeh
- Paul Flechsig Institute, Centre of Neuropathology and Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rasmussen M, Tolone A, Paquet-Durand F, Welinder C, Schwede F, Ekström P. The photoreceptor protective cGMP-analog Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS interacts with cGMP-interactors PKGI, PDE1, PDE6, and PKAI in the degenerating mouse retina. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:935-951. [PMID: 36989379 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The inherited eye disease retinitis pigmentosa (RP) causes the loss of photoreceptors by a still unknown cell death mechanism. During this degeneration, cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) levels become elevated, leading to over-activation of the cGMP-binding protein cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). cGMP analogs selectively modified to have inhibitory actions on PKG have aided in impeding photoreceptor death, and one such cGMP analog is Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS. However, cGMP analogs have previously been shown to interact with numerous targets, so to better understand the therapeutic action of Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS, it is necessary to elucidate its target-selectivity and hence what potential cellular mechanism(s) it may affect within the photoreceptors. Here, we, therefore, applied affinity chromatography together with mass spectrometry to isolate and identify Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS interactors from retinas derived from three different murine RP models (i.e., rd1, rd2, and rd10 mice). Our findings revealed that Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS bound seven known cGMP-binding proteins, including PKG1β, PDE1β, PDE1c, PDE6α, and PKA1α. Furthermore, an additional 28 proteins were found to be associated with Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS. This latter group included MAPK1/3, which is known to connect with cGMP/PKG in other systems. However, in organotypic retinal cultures, Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS had no effect on photoreceptor MAPK1/3 expression or activity. To summarize, Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS is more target specific compared to regular cGMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Rasmussen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Ophthalmology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Arianna Tolone
- Insitute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Charlotte Welinder
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Frank Schwede
- BIOLOG Life Science Institute GmbH & Co. KG, Bremen, Germany
| | - Per Ekström
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Ophthalmology, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Boyd P, Campbell LJ, Hyde DR. Clcf1/Crlf1a-mediated signaling is neuroprotective and required for Müller glia proliferation in the light-damaged zebrafish retina. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1142586. [PMID: 36846595 PMCID: PMC9950120 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1142586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish possess the innate ability to fully regenerate any neurons lost following a retinal injury. This response is mediated by Müller glia that reprogram and divide asymmetrically to produce neuronal precursor cells that differentiate into the lost neurons. However, little is understood about the early signals that induce this response. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) was previously shown to be both neuroprotective and pro-proliferative within the zebrafish retina, however CNTF is not expressed following injury. Here we demonstrate that alternative ligands of the Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor (CNTFR), such as Cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (Clcf1) and Cytokine receptor-like factor 1a (Crlf1a), are expressed within Müller glia of the light-damaged retina. We found that CNTFR, Clcf1, and Crlf1a are required for Müller glia proliferation in the light-damaged retina. Furthermore, intravitreal injection of CLCF1/CRLF1 protected against rod photoreceptor cell death in the light-damaged retina and induced proliferation of rod precursor cells in the undamaged retina, but not Müller glia. While rod precursor cell proliferation was previously shown to be Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R)-dependent, co-injection of IGF-1 with CLCF1/CRLF1 failed to induce further proliferation of either Müller glia or rod precursor cells. Together, these findings demonstrate that CNTFR ligands have a neuroprotective effect and are required for induction of Müller glia proliferation in the light-damaged zebrafish retina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David R. Hyde
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Center for Zebrafish Research, Galvin Life Sciences Building, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Karamali F, Behtaj S, Babaei-Abraki S, Hadady H, Atefi A, Savoj S, Soroushzadeh S, Najafian S, Nasr Esfahani MH, Klassen H. Potential therapeutic strategies for photoreceptor degeneration: the path to restore vision. J Transl Med 2022; 20:572. [PMID: 36476500 PMCID: PMC9727916 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptors (PRs), as the most abundant and light-sensing cells of the neuroretina, are responsible for converting light into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. PR degeneration, including morphological and functional impairment of these cells, causes significant diminution of the retina's ability to detect light, with consequent loss of vision. Recent findings in ocular regenerative medicine have opened promising avenues to apply neuroprotective therapy, gene therapy, cell replacement therapy, and visual prostheses to the challenge of restoring vision. However, successful visual restoration in the clinical setting requires application of these therapeutic approaches at the appropriate stage of the retinal degeneration. In this review, firstly, we discuss the mechanisms of PR degeneration by focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying cell death. Subsequently, innovations, recent developments, and promising treatments based on the stage of disorder progression are further explored. Then, the challenges to be addressed before implementation of these therapies in clinical practice are considered. Finally, potential solutions to overcome the current limitations of this growing research area are suggested. Overall, the majority of current treatment modalities are still at an early stage of development and require extensive additional studies, both pre-clinical and clinical, before full restoration of visual function in PR degeneration diseases can be realized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Karamali
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Behtaj
- grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia ,grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Shahnaz Babaei-Abraki
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hanieh Hadady
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Atefi
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soraya Savoj
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sareh Soroushzadeh
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Najafian
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani
- grid.417689.5Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Henry Klassen
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Irvine, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ameen Ismail A, Sadek SH, Hatata RM. Early onset monocular hydroxychloroquine maculopathy in a systemic lupus erythematosus patient with history of central retinal artery occlusion: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:434. [PMCID: PMC9664730 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hydroxychloroquine is a widely used medication for various clinical conditions mainly rheumatological and dermatological autoimmune diseases e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. While it is considered a safe medication, it is well-established that it can cause retinal toxicity i.e. HCQ maculopathy. Guidelines for HCQ retinal toxicity screening include factors like body weight, daily dose, duration, systemic diseases and retinal diseases. In this case study, we report a specific association between CRAO as a retinal disease and early onset HCQ maculopathy in a SLE patient.
Case presentation
A 42-year-old Caucasian female SLE patient presented with a complaint of gradual progressive painless diminution of vision in the left eye that started 16 months earlier. Clinical evaluation of the patient revealed a history of sudden profound painless diminution of vision in the same eye 18 months earlier after which the patient experienced only partial improvement of vision. That episode of sudden diminution of vision was attributed to left CRAO, complicating SLE-related thrombophilia, confirmed by fundus fluorescein angiography. Based on that diagnosis, the patient had been prescribed HCQ. At the time of presentation, fundus examination revealed left bull's eye maculopathy and right normal fundus. Therefore, a diagnosis of HCQ maculopathy in the left eye was made after exclusion of other causes of unilateral bull's eye maculopathy.
Conclusion
Our case study is the first to report an association between CRAO as a specific retinal disease and early onset of HCQ maculopathy in a SLE patient. The unilateral bull's eye presentation which occurred in the eye with CRAO after only 16 months of HCQ treatment highly suggests that CRAO is probably the cause of such unusually early maculopathy. This case report highlights the importance of retinal diseases as risk factors for HCQ maculopathy. It also points out the lack of specific evidence concerning the association between specific retinal diseases and HCQ maculopathy.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu Y, Cao B, Tolone A, Yan J, Christensen G, Arango-Gonzalez B, Ueffing M, Paquet-Durand F. In vitro Model Systems for Studies Into Retinal Neuroprotection. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:938089. [PMID: 35873807 PMCID: PMC9301112 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.938089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy development for neurodegenerative diseases of the retina constitutes a major unmet medical need, and this may be particularly relevant for inherited diseases of the retina, which are largely untreatable to this day. Therapy development necessitates appropriate models to improve the understanding of the underlying degenerative mechanisms, as well as for the testing and evaluation of novel treatment approaches. This review provides an overview of various in vitro model systems used to study retinal neuroprotection. The in vitro methods and technologies discussed range from primary retinal cell cultures and cell lines, to retinal organoids and organotypic retinal explants, to the cultivation of whole eyeballs. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are compared and evaluated, also in view of the 3R principles (i.e., the refinement, reduction, and replacement of live animal testing), to identify suitable in vitro alternatives for in vivo experimentation. The article further expands on the use of in vitro models to test and evaluate neuroprotective treatments and to aid the development of retinal drug delivery systems. Among the pharmacological agents tested and characterized in vitro are such that interfere with aberrant cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) -signaling or such that inhibit the activities of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), histone deacetylases (HDAC), calpain-type proteases, as well as unfolded protein response-related stress. We then introduce nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems and discuss how different in vitro systems may be used to assess their efficacy in the treatment of retinal diseases. The summary provides a brief comparison of available in vitro models and relates their advantages and limitations to the various experimental requirements, for instance, for studies into disease mechanisms, novel treatments, or retinal toxicity. In many cases, combinations of different in vitro models may be required to obtain a comprehensive view of the efficacy of a given retinal neuroprotection approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Cell Death Mechanisms Group, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bowen Cao
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Molecular Biology of Retinal Degenerations, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arianna Tolone
- Cell Death Mechanisms Group, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jie Yan
- Cell Death Mechanisms Group, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gustav Christensen
- Cell Death Mechanisms Group, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Blanca Arango-Gonzalez
- Molecular Biology of Retinal Degenerations, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Molecular Biology of Retinal Degenerations, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marius Ueffing,
| | - François Paquet-Durand
- Cell Death Mechanisms Group, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- François Paquet-Durand,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boussaty EC, Friedman RA, Clifford RE. Hearing loss and tinnitus: association studies for complex-hearing disorders in mouse and man. Hum Genet 2022; 141:981-990. [PMID: 34318347 PMCID: PMC8792513 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide an unbiased first look at genetic loci involved in aging and noise-induced sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus. The hearing phenotype, whether audiogram-based or self-report, is regressed against genotyped information at representative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome. Findings include the fact that both hearing loss and tinnitus are polygenic disorders, with up to thousands of genes, each of effect size of < 0.02. Smaller human GWAS' were able to use objective measures and identified a few loci; however, hundreds of thousands of participants have been required for the statistical power to identify significant variants, and GWAS is unable to assess rare variants with mean allele frequency < 1%. Animal studies are required as well because of inability to access the human cochlea. Mouse GWAS builds on linkage techniques and the known phenotypic differences in auditory function between inbred strains. With the advantage that the laboratory environment can be controlled for noise and aging, the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HDMP) combines 100 strains sequenced at high resolution. Lift-over regions between mice and humans have identified over 17,000 homologous genes. Since most significant SNPs are either intergenic or in introns, and binding sites between species are poorly preserved between species, expression quantitative trait locus information is required to bring humans and mice into agreement. Transcriptome-wide analysis studies (TWAS) can prioritize putative causal genes and tissues. Diverse species, each making a distinct contribution, carry a synergistic advantage in the quest for treatment and ultimate cure of sensorineural hearing difficulties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ely Cheikh Boussaty
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Otolaryngology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rick Adam Friedman
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Otolaryngology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Royce E Clifford
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Otolaryngology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Research Department, VA Hospitals San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Visiting Scientist, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Al-Ani A, Toms D, Sunba S, Giles K, Touahri Y, Schuurmans C, Ungrin M. Scaffold-Free Retinal Pigment Epithelium Microtissues Exhibit Increased Release of PEDF. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11317. [PMID: 34768747 PMCID: PMC8583603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) plays a critical role in photoreceptor survival and function. RPE deficits are implicated in a wide range of diseases that result in vision loss, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Stargardt disease, affecting millions worldwide. Subretinal delivery of RPE cells is considered a promising avenue for treatment, and encouraging results from animal trials have supported recent progression into the clinic. However, the limited survival and engraftment of transplanted RPE cells delivered as a suspension continues to be a major challenge. While RPE delivery as epithelial sheets exhibits improved outcomes, this comes at the price of increased complexity at both the production and transplant stages. In order to combine the benefits of both approaches, we have developed size-controlled, scaffold-free RPE microtissues (RPE-µTs) that are suitable for scalable production and delivery via injection. RPE-µTs retain key RPE molecular markers, and interestingly, in comparison to conventional monolayer cultures, they show significant increases in the transcription and secretion of pigment-epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), which is a key trophic factor known to enhance the survival and function of photoreceptors. Furthermore, these microtissues readily spread in vitro on a substrate analogous to Bruch's membrane, suggesting that RPE-µTs may collapse into a sheet upon transplantation. We anticipate that this approach may provide an alternative cell delivery system to improve the survival and integration of RPE transplants, while also retaining the benefits of low complexity in production and delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al-Ani
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.A.-A.); (S.S.); (K.G.)
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Derek Toms
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.A.-A.); (S.S.); (K.G.)
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Saud Sunba
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.A.-A.); (S.S.); (K.G.)
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kayla Giles
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.A.-A.); (S.S.); (K.G.)
| | - Yacine Touahri
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (Y.T.); (C.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Carol Schuurmans
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (Y.T.); (C.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mark Ungrin
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.A.-A.); (S.S.); (K.G.)
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
cGMP-PKG dependent transcriptome in normal and degenerating retinas: Novel insights into the retinitis pigmentosa pathology. Exp Eye Res 2021; 212:108752. [PMID: 34478738 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Retinitis Pigmentosa represents a group of genetic disorders that cause progressive vision loss via degeneration of photoreceptors, but there is in principle no treatment available. For any therapy development, a deeper comprehension of the disease-leading mechanism(s) at the molecular level is needed. Here we focused on the cGMP-PKG system, which has been suggested to be a driver in several models of the disease. To gain insights in its downstream signaling we manipulated the cGMP-PKG system with the aid of organotypic retinal explant cultures from either a mouse-based disease model, i.e. the rd1 mouse, or its healthy wild-type counterpart (wt), by adding different types of cGMP analogues to either inhibit or activate PKG in retinal explants from rd1 and wt, respectively. An RNA sequencing was then performed to study the cGMP-PKG dependent transcriptome. Expression changes of gene sets related to specific pathways or functions, that fulfilled criteria involving that the changes should match PKG activation and inhibition, were determined via bioinformatics. The analyses highlighted that several gene sets linked to oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial pathways were regulated by this enzyme system. Specifically, the expression of such pathway components was upregulated in the rd1 treated with PKG inhibitor and downregulated in the wt with PKG activator treatment, suggesting that cGMP-PKG act as a negative regulator in this context. Downregulation of energy production pathways may thus play an integral part in the mechanism behind the degeneration for at least several RP mutations.
Collapse
|
11
|
Topical application of CNTF, GDNF and BDNF in combination attenuates blood-spinal cord barrier permeability, edema formation, hemeoxygenase-2 upregulation, and cord pathology. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 266:357-376. [PMID: 34689864 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the leading causes of disability in Military personnel for which no suitable therapeutic strategies are available till today. Thus, exploration of novel therapeutic measures is highly needed to enhance the quality of life of SCI victims. Previously, topical application of BDNF and GDNF in combination over the injured spinal cord after 90min induced marked neuroprotection. In present investigation, we added CNTF in combination with BDNF and/or GDNF treatment to examine weather the triple combination applied over the traumatic cord after 90 or 120min could thwart cord pathology. Since neurotrophins attenuate nitric oxide (NO) production in SCI, the role of carbon monoxide (CO) production that is similar to NO in inducing cell injury was explored using immunohistochemistry of the constitutive isoform of enzyme hemeoxygenase-2 (HO-2). SCI inflicted over the right dorsal horn of the T10-11 segments by making an incision of 2mm deep and 5mm long upregulated the HO-2 immunostaining in the T9 and T12 segments after 5h injury. These perifocal segments are associated with breakdown of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), edema development and cell injuries. Topical application of CNTF with BDNF and GDNF in combination (10ng each) after 90 and 120min over the injured spinal cord significantly attenuated the BSCB breakdown, edema formation, cell injury and overexpression of HO-2. These observations are the first to show that CNTF with BDNF and GDNF induced superior neuroprotection in SCI probably by downregulation of CO production, not reported earlier.
Collapse
|
12
|
Forouzanfar F, Shojapour M, Aghili ZS, Asgharzade S. Growth Factors as Tools in Photoreceptor Cell Regeneration and Vision Recovery. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:573-581. [PMID: 31755378 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191121103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoreceptor loss is a major cause of blindness around the world. Stem cell therapy offers a new strategy in retina degenerative disease. Retinal progenitors can be derived from embryonic stem cells (ESC) in vitro, but cannot be processed to a mature state. In addition, the adult recipient retina presents a very different environment than the photoreceptor precursor donor. It seems that modulation of the recipient environment by ectopic development regulated growth factors for transplanted cells could generate efficient putative photoreceptors. The purpose of this review article was to investigate the signaling pathway of growth factors including: insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), fibroblast growth factors (FGF), Nerve growth factor (NGF), Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Taurin and Retinoic acid (RA) involved in the differentiation of neuroretina cell, like; photoreceptor and retinal progenitor cells. Given the results available in the related literature, the differentiation efficacy of ESCs toward the photoreceptor and retinal neurons and the important role of growth factors in activating signaling pathways such as Akt, Ras/Raf1/ and ERKs also inhibit the ASK1/JNK apoptosis pathway. Manipulating differentiated culture, growth factors can influence photoreceptor transplantation efficiency in retinal degenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mana Shojapour
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Aghili
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Samira Asgharzade
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu XB, Liu F, Liang YY, Yin G, Zhang HJ, Mi XS, Zhang ZJ, So KF, Li A, Xu Y. Luteolin delays photoreceptor degeneration in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2109-2120. [PMID: 33642401 PMCID: PMC8343326 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.303537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin is neuroprotective for retinal ganglion cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells after oxidative injury, whereby it can inhibit microglial neurotoxicity. Therefore, luteolin holds the potential to be useful for treatment of retinal diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether luteolin exhibits neuroprotective effects on rod cells in rd10 mice, a slow photoreceptor-degenerative model of retinitis pigmentosa. Luteolin (100 mg/kg) intraperitoneally injected daily from postnatal day 14 (P14) to P25 significantly enhanced the visual performance and retinal light responses of rd10 mice at P25. Moreover, it increased the survival of photoreceptors and improved retinal structure. Mechanistically, luteolin treatment attenuated increases in reactive oxygen species, photoreceptor apoptosis, and reactive gliosis; increased mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines while lowering that of pro-inflammatory and chemoattractant cytokines; and lowered the ratio of phospho-JNK/JNK. Application of the JNK inhibitor SP600125 exerted a similar protective effect to luteolin, suggesting that luteolin delays photoreceptor degeneration and functional deterioration in rd10 mice through regulation of retinal oxidation and inflammation by inhibiting the JNK pathway. Therefore, luteolin may be useful as a supplementary treatment for retinitis pigmentosa. This study was approved by the Qualified Ethics Committee of Jinan University, China (approval No. IACUC-20181217-02) on December 17, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Liu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Yao Liang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui-Jun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue-Song Mi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zai-Jun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ang Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rasmussen M, Welinder C, Schwede F, Ekström P. The cGMP system in normal and degenerating mouse neuroretina: New proteins with cGMP interaction potential identified by a proteomics approach. J Neurochem 2020; 157:2173-2186. [PMID: 33230839 PMCID: PMC8359485 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hereditary disease Retinitis pigmentosa results in severe vision loss due to photoreceptor degeneration by unclear mechanisms. In several disease models, the second messenger cGMP accumulates in the degenerating photoreceptors, where it may over‐activate specific cGMP‐interacting proteins, like cGMP‐dependent protein kinase. Moreover, interventions that counteract the activity of these proteins lead to reduced photoreceptor cell death. Yet there is little or no information whether other than such regular cGMP‐interactors are present in the retina, which we, therefore, investigated in wild‐type and retinal degeneration (rd1, rd10, and rd2) mouse models. An affinity chromatography based proteomics approach that utilized immobilized cGMP analogs was applied to enrich and select for regular and potentially new cGMP‐interacting proteins as identified by mass spectrometry. This approach revealed 12 regular and 10 potentially new retinal cGMP‐interacting proteins (e.g., EPAC2 and CaMKIIα). Several of the latter were found to be expressed in the photoreceptors and to have proximity to cGMP and may thus be of interest when defining prospective therapeutic targets or biomarkers for retinal degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Rasmussen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Ophthalmology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Welinder
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Frank Schwede
- BIOLOG Life Science Institute GmbH & Co. KG, Bremen, Germany
| | - Per Ekström
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Ophthalmology, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Al-Ani A, Sunba S, Hafeez B, Toms D, Ungrin M. In Vitro Maturation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Is Essential for Maintaining High Expression of Key Functional Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176066. [PMID: 32842471 PMCID: PMC7503905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the industrialized world. AMD is associated with dysfunction and atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which provides critical support for photoreceptor survival and function. RPE transplantation is a promising avenue towards a potentially curative treatment for early stage AMD patients, with encouraging reports from animal trials supporting recent progression toward clinical treatments. Mature RPE cells have been reported to be superior, but a detailed investigation of the specific changes in the expression pattern of key RPE genes during maturation is lacking. To understand the effect of maturity on RPE, we investigated transcript levels of 19 key RPE genes using ARPE-19 cell line and human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE cultures. Mature RPE cultures upregulated PEDF, IGF-1, CNTF and BDNF—genes that code for trophic factors known to enhance the survival and function of photoreceptors. Moreover, the mRNA levels of these genes are maximized after 42 days of maturation in culture and lost upon dissociation to single cells. Our findings will help to inform future animal and human RPE transplantation efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al-Ani
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.A.-A.); (S.S.); (B.H.); (M.U.)
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Leaders in Medicine Program, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Saud Sunba
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.A.-A.); (S.S.); (B.H.); (M.U.)
| | - Bilal Hafeez
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.A.-A.); (S.S.); (B.H.); (M.U.)
| | - Derek Toms
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.A.-A.); (S.S.); (B.H.); (M.U.)
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Mark Ungrin
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.A.-A.); (S.S.); (B.H.); (M.U.)
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Toms D, Al-Ani A, Sunba S, Tong QYV, Workentine M, Ungrin M. Automated Hypothesis Generation to Identify Signals Relevant in the Development of Mammalian Cell and Tissue Bioprocesses, With Validation in a Retinal Culture System. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:534. [PMID: 32582664 PMCID: PMC7287043 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed an accessible software tool (receptoR) to predict potentially active signaling pathways in one or more cell type(s) of interest from publicly available transcriptome data. As proof-of-concept, we applied it to mouse photoreceptors, yielding the previously untested hypothesis that activin signaling pathways are active in these cells. Expression of the type 2 activin receptor (Acvr2a) was experimentally confirmed by both RT-qPCR and immunochemistry, and activation of this signaling pathway with recombinant activin A significantly enhanced the survival of magnetically sorted photoreceptors in culture. Taken together, we demonstrate that our approach can be easily used to mine publicly available transcriptome data and generate hypotheses around receptor expression that can be used to identify novel signaling pathways in specific cell types of interest. We anticipate that receptoR (available at https://www.ucalgary.ca/ungrinlab/receptoR) will enable more efficient use of limited research resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Toms
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Abdullah Al-Ani
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Leaders in Medicine Program, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Saud Sunba
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Qing Yun Victor Tong
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew Workentine
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mark Ungrin
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Delplace V, Ortin-Martinez A, Tsai ELS, Amin AN, Wallace V, Shoichet MS. Controlled release strategy designed for intravitreal protein delivery to the retina. J Control Release 2019; 293:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
18
|
Xiang Z, Bao Y, Zhang J, Liu C, Xu D, Liu F, Chen H, He L, Ramakrishna S, Zhang Z, Vardi N, Xu Y. Inhibition of non-NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors delays the retinal degeneration in rd10 mouse. Neuropharmacology 2018; 139:137-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
19
|
Shim MS, Kim KY, Noh M, Ko JY, Ahn S, An MA, Iwata T, Perkins GA, Weinreb RN, Ju WK. Optineurin E50K triggers BDNF deficiency-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in retinal photoreceptor cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2690-2697. [PMID: 30100066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Optineurin (OPTN) mutations are linked to glaucoma pathology and E50K mutation shows massive cell death in photoreceptor cells and retinal ganglion cells. However, little is known about E50K-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in photoreceptor cell degeneration. We here show that overexpression of E50K expression triggered BDNF deficiency, leading to Bax activation in RGC-5 cells. BDNF deficiency induced mitochondrial dysfunction by decreasing mitochondrial maximal respiration and reducing intracellular ATP level in RGC-5 cells. However, BDNF deficiency did not alter mitochondrial dynamics. Also, BDNF deficiency resulted in LC3-mediated mitophagosome formation in RGC-5 cells. These results strongly suggest that E50K-mediated BDNF deficiency plays a critical role in compromised mitochondrial function in glaucomatous photoreceptor cell degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Sup Shim
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research and Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mark Noh
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA
| | - Ji Yoon Ko
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA
| | - Sangphil Ahn
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA
| | - Michelle A An
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA
| | - Takeshi Iwata
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Guy A Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research and Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Robert N Weinreb
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA
| | - Won-Kyu Ju
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Turac G, Duruksu G, Karaoz E. The Effect of Recombinant Tyrosine Hydroxylase Expression on the Neurogenic Differentiation Potency of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Neurospine 2018; 15:42-53. [PMID: 29656620 PMCID: PMC5944638 DOI: 10.14245/ns.1836010.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is a rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis, making the enhancement of its activity a target for ensuring sufficient dopamine levels. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBM-MSCs) are known to synthesize TH after differentiating into neuronal cells through chemical induction, but the effect of its ectopic expression on these cells has not yet been determined. This study investigated the effects of ectopic recombinant TH expression on the stemness characteristics of rBM-MSCs.
Methods After cloning, a cell line with stable TH expression was maintained, and the proliferation, the gene expression profile, and differentiation potential of rBM-MSCs were analyzed. Analysis of the cells showed an increment in the proliferation rate that could be reversed by the neutralization of TH.
Results The constitutive expression of TH in rBM-MSCs was successfully implemented, without significantly affecting their osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential. TH expression improved the expression of other neuronal markers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein, β-tubulin, nestin, and c-Fos, confirming the neurogenic differentiation capacity of the stem cells. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) significantly increased after the chemical induction of neurogenic differentiation.
Conclusion In this study, the expression of recombinant TH improved the neuroprotective effect of MSCs by upregulating the expression of BDNF and CNTF. Although the neuronal markers were upregulated, the expression of recombinant TH alone in rBM-MSCs was not sufficient for MSCs to differentiate into neurogenic cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Turac
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey.,Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Duruksu
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey.,Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Erdal Karaoz
- Liv Hospital, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research and Manufacturing, İstanbul, Turkey.,Department of Histology & Embryology, İstinye University, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
A Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Mimetic Is Sufficient to Restore Cone Photoreceptor Visual Function in an Inherited Blindness Model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11320. [PMID: 28900183 PMCID: PMC5595969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Controversially, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are in clinical trial for the treatment of inherited retinal degeneration. Utilizing the zebrafish dyeucd6 model, we determined if treatment with HDACi can rescue cone photoreceptor-mediated visual function. dye exhibit defective visual behaviour and retinal morphology including ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) cell death and decreased photoreceptor outer segment (OS) length, as well as gross morphological defects including hypopigmentation and pericardial oedema. HDACi treatment of dye results in significantly improved optokinetic (OKR) (~43 fold, p < 0.001) and visualmotor (VMR) (~3 fold, p < 0.05) responses. HDACi treatment rescued gross morphological defects and reduced CMZ cell death by 80%. Proteomic analysis of dye eye extracts suggested BDNF-TrkB and Akt signaling as mediators of HDACi rescue in our dataset. Co-treatment with the TrkB antagonist ANA-12 blocked HDACi rescue of visual function and associated Akt phosphorylation. Notably, sole treatment with a BDNF mimetic, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone hydrate, significantly rescued dye visual function (~58 fold increase in OKR, p < 0.001, ~3 fold increase in VMR, p < 0.05). In summary, HDACi and a BDNF mimetic are sufficient to rescue retinal cell death and visual function in a vertebrate model of inherited blindness.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang J, Xu D, Ouyang H, Hu S, Li A, Luo H, Xu Y. Neuroprotective effects of methyl 3,4 dihydroxybenzoate in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. Exp Eye Res 2017; 162:86-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
23
|
Madni A, Rahem MA, Tahir N, Sarfraz M, Jabar A, Rehman M, Kashif PM, Badshah SF, Khan KU, Santos HA. Non-invasive strategies for targeting the posterior segment of eye. Int J Pharm 2017; 530:326-345. [PMID: 28755994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The safe and effective treatment of eye diseases has been remained a global myth. Several advancements have been done and various drug delivery and treatment techniques have been suggested. The Posterior segment disorders are the leading cause of visual impairments and blindness. Targeting the therapeutic agents to the anterior and posterior segments of the eye has attracted extensive attention from the scientific community. Significant key factors in the success of ocular therapy are the development of safe, effective, economic and non-invasive novel drug delivery systems. These specialized non-invasive ocular drug delivery systems revolutionized the drug delivery strategies by overcoming the limitations, provided targeted delivery to the ocular tissues by avoiding larger doses, and reducing the toxicity encountered by the conventional approaches. These non-invasive systems are fabricated by ingredients encompassing biodegradability, biocompatibility, mucoadhesion, solubility and permeability enhancement and stimuli responsiveness. The variety of routes are utilized to provide minimally invasive drug delivery to the patients without any discomfort and pain. This review is focused on the brief introduction, types, significance, preparation techniques, components and mechanism of drug release of non-invasive systems, including in situ gelling systems, microspheres, iontophoresis, nanoparticles, nanosuspensions and specialized novel emulsions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asadullah Madni
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Abdur Rahem
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Nayab Tahir
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Jabar
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mubashar Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Prince Muhammad Kashif
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Syed Faisal Badshah
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Kifayat Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Önger ME, Delibaş B, Türkmen AP, Erener E, Altunkaynak BZ, Kaplan S. The role of growth factors in nerve regeneration. Drug Discov Ther 2016; 10:285-291. [PMID: 27746416 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2016.01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nerve injuries result in functional loss in the innervated organ or body parts, and recovery is difficult unless surgical treatment has been done. Different surgical treatments have been suggested for nerve repair. Tissue engineering related to growth factors has arisen as an alternative approach for triggering and improving nerve regeneration. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis related to growth factors as tools for optimizing the regeneration process. Studies and reviews on the use of growth factors for nerve regeneration were compiled over the course of the review. According to literature review, it may be concluded that growth factors from different sources present promising treatment related to nerve regeneration involved in neuronal differentiation, greater myelination and axonal growth and proliferation of specific cells for nerve repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Önger
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kulkarni M, Trifunović D, Schubert T, Euler T, Paquet-Durand F. Calcium dynamics change in degenerating cone photoreceptors. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3729-3740. [PMID: 27402880 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cone photoreceptors (cones) are essential for high-resolution daylight vision and colour perception. Loss of cones in hereditary retinal diseases has a dramatic impact on human vision. The mechanisms underlying cone death are poorly understood, and consequently, there are no treatments available. Previous studies suggest a central role for calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis deficits in photoreceptor degeneration; however, direct evidence for this is scarce and physiological measurements of Ca2+ in degenerating mammalian cones are lacking.Here, we took advantage of the transgenic HR2.1:TN-XL mouse line that expresses a genetically encoded Ca2+ biosensor exclusively in cones. We cross-bred this line with mouse models for primary ("cone photoreceptor function loss-1", cpfl1) and secondary ("retinal degeneration-1", rd1) cone degeneration, respectively, and assessed resting Ca2+ levels and light-evoked Ca2+ responses in cones using two-photon imaging. We found that Ca2+ dynamics were altered in cpfl1 cones, showing higher noise and variable Ca2+ levels, with significantly wider distribution than for wild-type and rd1 cones. Unexpectedly, up to 21% of cpfl1 cones still displayed light-evoked Ca2+ responses, which were larger and slower than wild-type responses. In contrast, genetically intact rd1 cones were characterized by lower noise and complete lack of visual function.Our study demonstrates alterations in cone Ca2+ dynamics in both primary and secondary cone degeneration. Our results are consistent with the view that higher (fluctuating) cone Ca2+ levels are involved in photoreceptor cell death in primary (cpfl1) but not in secondary (rd1) cone degeneration. These findings may guide the future development of therapies targeting photoreceptor Ca2+ homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kulkarni
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research.,Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience.,Graduate School of Cellular & Molecular Neuroscience
| | | | - Timm Schubert
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research.,Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience
| | - Thomas Euler
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research (F.P-D.) (T.E.).,Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience.,Bernstein Centre for Computational Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa is the most common form of hereditary retinal degeneration causing blindness. Great progress has been made in the identification of the causative genes. Gene diagnosis will soon become an affordable routine clinical test because of the wide application of next-generation sequencing. Gene-based therapy provides hope for curing the disease. Investigation into the molecular pathways from mutation to rod cell death may reveal targets for developing new treatment. Related progress with existing systematic review is briefly summarized so that readers may find the relevant references for in-depth reading. Future trends in the study of retinitis pigmentosa are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjiong Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Daly C, Yin J, Kennedy BN. Histone Deacetylase: Therapeutic Targets in Retinal Degeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 854:455-61. [PMID: 26427446 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies report that retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients treated with the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) valproic acid (VPA) present with improved visual fields and delayed vision loss. However, other studies report poor efficacy and safety of HDACi in other cohorts of retinal degeneration patients. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms by which HDACi can improve visual function is unknown, albeit HDACi can attenuate pro-apoptotic stimuli and induce expression of neuroprotective factors. Thus, further analysis of HDACi is warranted in pre-clinical models of retinal degeneration including zebrafish. Analysis of HDAC expression in developing zebrafish reveals diverse temporal expression patterns during development and maturation of visual function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conor Daly
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 06520, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Breandán N Kennedy
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yan BJ, Wu ZZ, Chong WH, Li GL. Construction of a plasmid for human brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its effect on retinal pigment epithelial cell viability. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1981-1989. [PMID: 28197196 PMCID: PMC5270438 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.197142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the protective functions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in retinitis pigmentosa. However, a BDNF-based therapy for retinitis pigmentosa is not yet available. To develop an efficient treatment for fundus disease, an eukaryotic expression plasmid was generated and used to transfect human 293T cells to assess the expression and bioactivity of BDNF on acute retinal pigment epithelial-19 (ARPE-19) cells, a human retinal epithelial cell line. After 96 hours of co-culture in a Transwell chamber, ARPE-19 cells exposed to BDNF secreted by 293T cells were more viable than ARPE-19 cells not exposed to secreted BDNF. Western blot assay showed that Bax levels were downregulated and that Bcl-2 levels were upregulated in human ARPE-19 cells exposed to BDNF. Furthermore, 293T cells transfected with the BDNF gene steadily secreted the protein. The powerful anti-apoptotic function of this BDNF may be useful for the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa and other retinal degenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Jing Yan
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Wu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Hua Chong
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Gen-Lin Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wunderlich KA, Tanimoto N, Grosche A, Zrenner E, Pekny M, Reichenbach A, Seeliger MW, Pannicke T, Perez MT. Retinal functional alterations in mice lacking intermediate filament proteins glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. FASEB J 2015; 29:4815-28. [PMID: 26251181 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-272963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vimentin (Vim) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are important components of the intermediate filament (IF) (or nanofilament) system of astroglial cells. We conducted full-field electroretinogram (ERG) recordings and found that whereas photoreceptor responses (a-wave) were normal in uninjured GFAP(-/-)Vim(-/-) mice, b-wave amplitudes were increased. Moreover, we found that Kir (inward rectifier K(+)) channel protein expression was reduced in the retinas of GFAP(-/-)Vim(-/-) mice and that Kir-mediated current amplitudes were lower in Müller glial cells isolated from these mice. Studies have shown that the IF system, in addition, is involved in the retinal response to injury and that attenuated Müller cell reactivity and reduced photoreceptor cell loss are observed in IF-deficient mice after experimental retinal detachment. We investigated whether the lack of IF proteins would affect cell survival in a retinal ischemia-reperfusion model. We found that although cell loss was induced in both genotypes, the number of surviving cells in the inner retina was lower in IF-deficient mice. Our findings thus show that the inability to produce GFAP and Vim affects normal retinal physiology and that the effect of IF deficiency on retinal cell survival differs, depending on the underlying pathologic condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A Wunderlich
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Naoyuki Tanimoto
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Grosche
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eberhart Zrenner
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Milos Pekny
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias W Seeliger
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Pannicke
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria-Thereza Perez
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Histone Deacetylases Inhibitors in the Treatment of Retinal Degenerative Diseases: Overview and Perspectives. J Ophthalmol 2015; 2015:250812. [PMID: 26137316 PMCID: PMC4468288 DOI: 10.1155/2015/250812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases are one of the important refractory ophthalmic diseases, featured with apoptosis of photoreceptor cells. Histone acetylation and deacetylation can regulate chromosome assembly, gene transcription, and posttranslational modification, which are regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), respectively. The histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have the ability to cause hyperacetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins, resulting in a variety of effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. Several HDACis have been approved for clinical trials to treat cancer. Studies have shown that HDACis have neuroprotective effects in nervous system damage. In this paper, we will summarize the neuroprotective effects of common HDACis in retinal degenerative diseases and make a prospect to the applications of HDACis in the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases in the future.
Collapse
|
31
|
Agca C, Boldt K, Gubler A, Meneau I, Corpet A, Samardzija M, Stucki M, Ueffing M, Grimm C. Expression of leukemia inhibitory factor in Müller glia cells is regulated by a redox-dependent mRNA stability mechanism. BMC Biol 2015; 13:30. [PMID: 25907681 PMCID: PMC4462110 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-015-0137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photoreceptor degeneration is a main hallmark of many blinding diseases making protection of photoreceptors crucial to prevent vision loss. Thus, regulation of endogenous neuroprotective factors may be key for cell survival and attenuation of disease progression. Important neuroprotective factors in the retina include H2O2 generated by injured photoreceptors, and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) expressed in Müller glia cells in response to photoreceptor damage. Results We present evidence that H2O2 connects to the LIF response by inducing stabilization of Lif transcripts in Müller cells. This process was independent of active gene transcription and p38 MAPK, but relied on AU-rich elements (AREs), which we identified within the highly conserved Lif 3′UTR. Affinity purification combined with quantitative mass spectrometry identified several proteins that bound to these AREs. Among those, interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 (ILF3) was confirmed to participate in the redox-dependent Lif mRNA stabilization. Additionally we show that KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KHSRP) was crucial for maintaining basal Lif expression levels in non-stressed Müller cells. Conclusions Our results suggest that H2O2-induced redox signaling increases Lif transcript levels through ILF3 mediated mRNA stabilization. Generation of H2O2 by injured photoreceptors may thus enhance stability of Lif mRNA and therefore augment neuroprotective LIF signaling during degenerative conditions in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-015-0137-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cavit Agca
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland. .,Present address: Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology and Medical Proteome Center, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Andrea Gubler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland.
| | - Isabelle Meneau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland.
| | - Armelle Corpet
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland. .,Present address: Center for Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Genetics, University Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Marijana Samardzija
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland.
| | - Manuel Stucki
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland.
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology and Medical Proteome Center, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Christian Grimm
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland. .,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland. .,Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yasin MN, Svirskis D, Seyfoddin A, Rupenthal ID. Implants for drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye: A focus on stimuli-responsive and tunable release systems. J Control Release 2014; 196:208-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
33
|
Ola MS, Alhomida AS. Neurodegeneration in diabetic retina and its potential drug targets. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 12:380-6. [PMID: 25342945 PMCID: PMC4207077 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x12666140619205024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major complications of diabetes causing vision loss and blindness worldwide. DR is widely recognized as a neurodegenerative disease as evidenced from early changes at cellular and molecular levels in the neuronal component of the diabetic retina, which is further supported by various retinal functional tests indicating functional deficits in the retina soon after diabetes progression. Diabetes alters the level of a number of neurodegenerative metabolites, which increases influx through several metabolic pathways which in turn induce an increase in oxidative stress and a decrease in neurotrophic factors, thereby damage retinal neurons. Loss of neurons may implicate in vascular pathology, a clinical signs of DR observed at later stages of the disease. Here, we discuss diabetes-induced potential metabolites known to be detrimental to neuronal damage and their mechanism of action. In addition, we highlight important neurotrophic factors, whose level have been found to be dysregulated in diabetic retina and may damage neurons. Furthermore, we discuss potential drugs and strategies based on targeting diabetes-induced metabolites, metabolic pathways, oxidative stress, and neurotrophins to protect retinal neurons, which may ameliorate vision loss and vascular damage in DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shamsul Ola
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Alhomida
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jindal V. Neurodegeneration as a primary change and role of neuroprotection in diabetic retinopathy. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:878-84. [PMID: 24826918 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was earlier recognized as a vascular disease, but nowadays, it is considered as a neurovascular disorder. Neuronal death is the primary change which leads to various vascular changes which are visible to an ophthalmologist. But these changes are feature of an advanced disease and can affect vision at any moment of time. There are various evidences which suggests that glutamate excitotoxicity, hyperhomocysteinemia, kynurenic acid, and erythro-poietin plays important role in causation of retinal ganglionic cell apoptosis in diabetic patients. Adaptive optics, a new imaging technique, also showed that loss of photoreceptors (specialized neurons) is the early change in diabetic retinopathy. These changes suggest DR as a neurovascular disorder. Neuroprotective agents also showed good results in delaying progression of DR especially memantine, insulin receptor activation, and neurotrophic factors. More research in this field will help us to find novel therapeutic measures for DR, which can delay or even stop progression of DR at a very early stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Jindal
- , H. No. 102 GHS 51 sector 20, Panchkula, Haryana, India,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Trophic factors in the pathogenesis and therapy for retinal degenerative diseases. Surv Ophthalmol 2014; 59:134-65. [PMID: 24417953 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Trophic factors are endogenously secreted proteins that act in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion to affect vital cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration, thereby maintaining overall cell homeostasis. In the eye, the major contributors of these molecules are the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and Müller cells. The primary paracrine targets of these secreted proteins include the photoreceptors and choriocapillaris. Retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa are characterized by aberrant function and/or eventual death of RPE cells, photoreceptors, choriocapillaris, and other retinal cells. We discuss results of in vitro and in vivo animal studies in which candidate trophic factors, either singly or in combination, were used in an attempt to ameliorate photoreceptor and/or retinal degeneration. We also examine current trophic factor therapies as they relate to the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases in clinical studies.
Collapse
|
36
|
Agca C, Grimm C. Leukemia inhibitory factor signaling in degenerating retinas. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 801:389-94. [PMID: 24664722 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3209-8_49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Degeneration of cells in the retina is a hallmark of various inherited and acquired blinding diseases in humans. One of the most challenging problems to establish successful treatments for these diseases is to understand the molecular mechanisms that result in retinal degeneration and to identify endogenous rescue pathways which support cell survival. In many mouse models for retinal degeneration, expression of LIF in glial cells in response to a disease condition is crucial for the activation of an elaborate protective system. This mini review will summarize the findings that are related to LIF signaling and discuss the neuroprotective effects of LIF in different animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cavit Agca
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Agca C, Gubler A, Traber G, Beck C, Imsand C, Ail D, Caprara C, Grimm C. p38 MAPK signaling acts upstream of LIF-dependent neuroprotection during photoreceptor degeneration. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e785. [PMID: 24008729 PMCID: PMC3789181 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In many blinding diseases of the retina, loss of function and thus severe visual impairment results from apoptotic cell death of damaged photoreceptors. In an attempt to survive, injured photoreceptors generate survival signals to induce intercellular protective mechanisms that eventually may rescue photoreceptors from entering an apoptotic death pathway. One such endogenous survival pathway is controlled by leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), which is produced by a subset of Muller glia cells in response to photoreceptor injury. In the absence of LIF, survival components are not activated and photoreceptor degeneration is accelerated. Although LIF is a crucial factor for photoreceptor survival, the detailed mechanism of its induction in the retina has not been elucidated. Here, we show that administration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) was sufficient to fully upregulate Lif expression in Muller cells in vitro and the retina in vivo. Increased Lif expression depended on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) since inhibition of its activity abolished Lif expression in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of p38 MAPK activity reduced the Lif expression also in the model of light-induced retinal degeneration and resulted in increased cell death in the light-exposed retina. Thus, expression of Lif in the injured retina and activation of the endogenous survival pathway involve signaling through p38 MAPK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Agca
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nawaz MI, Abouammoh M, Khan HA, Alhomida AS, Alfaran MF, Ola MS. Novel drugs and their targets in the potential treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Med Sci Monit 2013; 19:300-8. [PMID: 23619778 PMCID: PMC3659065 DOI: 10.12659/msm.883895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes. It causes vision loss, and the incidence is increasing with the growth of the diabetes epidemic worldwide. Over the past few decades a number of clinical trials have confirmed that careful control of glycemia and blood pressure can reduce the risk of developing DR and control its progression. In recent years, many treatment options have been developed for clinical management of the complications of DR (e.g., proliferative DR and macular edema) using laser-based therapies, intravitreal corticosteroids and anti-vascular endothelial growth factors, and vitrectomy to remove scarring and hemorrhage, but all these have limited benefits. In this review, we highlight and discuss potential molecular targets and new approaches that have shown great promise for the treatment of DR. New drugs and strategies are based on targeting a number of hyperglycemia-induced metabolic stress pathways, oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways, the renin-angiotensin system, and neurodegeneration, in addition to the use of stem cells and ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) technologies. At present, clinical trials of some of these newer drugs in humans are yet to begin or are in early stages. Together, the new therapeutic drugs and approaches discussed may control the incidence and progression of DR with greater efficacy and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Imtiaz Nawaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan Abouammoh
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Alhomida
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak F. Alfaran
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shamsul Ola
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding Author: Mohammad Shamsul Ola, e-mail: and
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ola MS, Nawaz MI, Khan HA, Alhomida AS. Neurodegeneration and neuroprotection in diabetic retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2559-72. [PMID: 23358247 PMCID: PMC3588002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14022559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is widely considered to be a neurovascular disease. This is in contrast to its previous identity as solely a vascular disease. Early in the disease progression of diabetes, the major cells in the neuronal component of the retina consist of retinal ganglion cells and glial cells, both of which have been found to be compromised. A number of retinal function tests also indicated a functional deficit in diabetic retina, which further supports dysfunction of neuronal cells. As an endocrinological disorder, diabetes alters metabolism both systemically and locally in several body organs, including the retina. A growing body of evidences indicates increased levels of excitotoxic metabolites, including glutamate, branched chain amino acids and homocysteine in cases of diabetic retinopathy. Also present, early in the disease, are decreased levels of folic acid and vitamin-B12, which are potential metabolites capable of damaging neurons. These altered levels of metabolites are found to activate several metabolic pathways, leading to increases in oxidative stress and decreases in the level of neurotrophic factors. As a consequence, they may damage retinal neurons in diabetic patients. In this review, we have discussed those potential excitotoxic metabolites and their implications in neuronal damage. Possible therapeutic targets to protect neurons are also discussed. However, further research is needed to understand the exact molecular mechanism of neurodegeneration so that effective neuroprotection strategies can be developed. By protecting retinal neurons early in diabetic retinopathy cases, damage of retinal vessels can be protected, thereby helping to ameliorate the progression of diabetic retinopathy, a leading cause of blindness worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shamsul Ola
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11415, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Time course modifications in organotypic culture of human neuroretina. Exp Eye Res 2012; 104:26-38. [PMID: 23022403 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize organ culture of human neuroretina and to establish survival and early degeneration patterns of neural and glial cells. Sixteen neuroretina explants were prepared from 2 postmortem eyes of 2 individuals. Four explants were used as fresh retina controls, and 12 were evaluated at 3, 6, and 9 days of culture. Neuroretina explants (5 × 5 mm) were cultured in Transwell(®) dishes with the photoreceptor layer facing the supporting membrane. Culture medium (Neurobasal A-based) was maintained in contact with the membrane beneath the explant. Cryostat and ultrathin sections were prepared for immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Neuroretinal modifications were evaluated after toluidine blue staining and after immunostaining for neuronal and glial cell markers. Ultrastructural changes were analyzed by electron microscopy. From 0 to 9 days in culture, there was progressive retinal degeneration, including early pyknosis of photoreceptor nuclei, cellular vacuolization in the ganglion cell layer, decrease of both plexiform layer thicknesses, disruption and truncation of photoreceptor outer segments (OS), and marked reduction in the number of nuclei at both nuclear layers where the cells were less densely packed. At 3 days there was swelling of cone OS with impairment of pedicles, loss of axons and dendrites of horizontal and rod bipolar cells that stained for calbindin (CB) and protein kinase C (PKC-α), respectively. After 9 days, horizontal cells were pyknotic and without terminal tips. There were similar degenerative processes in the outer plexiform layer for rod bipolar cells and loss of axon terminal lateral varicosities in the inner plexiform layer. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining did not reveal a dramatic increase of gliosis in Müller cells. However, some Müller cells were CB immunoreactive at 6 days of culture. Over 9 days of culture, human neuroretina explants underwent morphological changes in photoreceptors, particularly the OS and axon terminals, and in postsynaptic horizontal and bipolar cells. These early changes, not previously described in cultured human samples, reproduce some celullar modifications after retinal damage. Thus, this model may be suitable to evaluate therapeutic agents during retinal degeneration processes.
Collapse
|
41
|
Calandria JM, Mukherjee PK, de Rivero Vaccari JC, Zhu M, Petasis NA, Bazan NG. Ataxin-1 poly(Q)-induced proteotoxic stress and apoptosis are attenuated in neural cells by docosahexaenoic acid-derived neuroprotectin D1. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:23726-39. [PMID: 22511762 PMCID: PMC3390647 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.287078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases share two common features: enhanced oxidative stress and cellular inability to scavenge structurally damaged abnormal proteins. Pathogenesis of polyglutamine (poly(Q)) diseases involves increased protein misfolding, along with ubiquitin and chaperon protein-containing nuclear aggregates. In spinocerebellar ataxia, the brain and retina undergo degeneration. Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) is made on-demand in the nervous system and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in response to oxidative stress, which activates prosurvival signaling via regulation of gene expression and other processes. We hypothesized that protein misfolding-induced proteotoxic stress triggers NPD1 synthesis. We used ARPE-19 cells as a cellular model to assess stress due to ataxin-1 82Q protein expression and determine whether NPD1 prevents apoptosis. Ectopic ataxin-1 expression induced RPE cell apoptosis, which was abrogated by 100 nm docosahexaenoic acid, 10 ng/ml pigment epithelium-derived factor, or NPD1. Similarly, NPD1 was protective in neurons and primary human RPE cells. Furthermore, when ataxin-1 82Q was expressed in 15-lipoxygenase-1-deficient cells, apoptosis was greatly enhanced, and only NPD1 (50 nm) rescued cells from death. NPD1 reduced misfolded ataxin-1-induced accumulation of proapoptotic Bax in the cytoplasm, suggesting that NPD1 acts by preventing proapoptotic signaling pathways from occurring. Finally, NPD1 signaling interfered with ataxin-1/capicua repression of gene expression and decreased phosphorylated ataxin-1 in an Akt-independent manner, suggesting that NPD1 signaling modulates formation or stabilization of ataxin-1 complexes. These data suggest that 1) NPD1 synthesis is an early response induced by proteotoxic stress due to abnormally folded ataxin-1, and 2) NPD1 promotes cell survival through modulating stabilization of ataxin-1 functional complexes and pro-/antiapoptotic and inflammatory pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorgelina M Calandria
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nakao T, Tsujikawa M, Notomi S, Ikeda Y, Nishida K. The role of mislocalized phototransduction in photoreceptor cell death of retinitis pigmentosa. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32472. [PMID: 22485131 PMCID: PMC3317642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of inherited retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) cause photoreceptor cell death resulting in blindness. RP is a large family of diseases in which the photoreceptor cell death can be caused by a number of pathways. Among them, light exposure has been reported to induce photoreceptor cell death. However, the detailed mechanism by which photoreceptor cell death is caused by light exposure is unclear. In this study, we have shown that even a mild light exposure can induce ectopic phototransduction and result in the acceleration of rod photoreceptor cell death in some vertebrate models. In ovl, a zebrafish model of outer segment deficiency, photoreceptor cell death is associated with light exposure. The ovl larvae show ectopic accumulation of rhodopsin and knockdown of ectopic rhodopsin and transducin rescue rod photoreceptor cell death. However, knockdown of phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that mediates the next step of phototransduction, does not. So, ectopic phototransduction activated by light exposure, which leads to rod photoreceptor cell death, is through the action of transducin. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that forced activation of adenylyl cyclase in the inner segment leads to rod photoreceptor cell death. For further confirmation, we have also generated a transgenic fish which possesses a human rhodopsin mutation, Q344X. This fish and rd10 model mice show photoreceptor cell death caused by adenylyl cyclase. In short, our study indicates that in some RP, adenylyl cyclase is involved in photoreceptor cell death pathway; its inhibition is potentially a logical approach for a novel RP therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nakao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motokazu Tsujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shoji Notomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Menalled L, El-Khodor BF, Hornberger M, Park L, Howland D, Brunner D. Effect of the rd1 mutation on motor performance in R6/2 and wild type mice. PLOS CURRENTS 2012; 4:RRN1303. [PMID: 22367489 PMCID: PMC3278853 DOI: 10.1371/currents.rrn1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Homozygosis for the rd1 mutation in the Pbe6b gene results in the loss of the rod beta-subunit of the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase and, eventually, of all rod and cone photoreceptors. The R6/2 mouse line is a widely used model of Huntington’s disease (HD). The original line was made available on a mixed background obtained by crossing, via ovarian transplant, female R6/2 (on a B6CBA mixed background) with male B6CBAF1/J mice. As the CBA/J strain used in the US is homozygous for the rd1 mutation and the breeding scheme does not ensure heterozygosis for the mutation, a significant percentage of the offspring on this mixed background is expected to be homozygous for the rd1 mutation. We investigate here the effect of rd1 homozygosis on motor function and examined the effects of the mutation on the R6/2 phenotype. Homozygosis for the rd1 mutation resulted in increased activity in the open field test and reduced rotarod test performance. In addition, rd1 mutation absence or heterozygosis reduced the differences between the R6/2 and the WT mice. Our recommendation for the neurodegeneration field, and for all mouse studies in general, is to carefully control homozygosis for retinal degeneration mutation, even when using tests of motor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Menalled
- Senior Principal Scientist at PsychoGenics, Inc.; Senior Research Scientist, Pfizer Inc.; Data Manager at Psychogenics, Inc; Director, PreClinical Research, CHDI Foundation, Inc; Director of In Vivo Biology, CHDI Foundation Inc and Senior VP Behavioral R&D at PsychoGenics, Inc
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ola MS, Nawaz MI, Siddiquei MM, Al-Amro S, Abu El-Asrar AM. Recent advances in understanding the biochemical and molecular mechanism of diabetic retinopathy. J Diabetes Complications 2012; 26:56-64. [PMID: 22226482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the major complications in patients with diabetes is diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of blindness worldwide. It takes several years before any clinical signs of retinopathy appear in diabetic patients, which gives an ample opportunity for scientists to uncover biochemical and molecular mechanism implicated early in the development and progression of the disease. During the past few decades, research progress has been made in investigating the pathophysiology of the disease; however, due to nonavailability of human retinal samples at different stages of the disease and also due to lack of a proper animal model of DR, the exact molecular mechanism has not been elucidated, making therapeutic a difficult task. In this review article, we have discussed a number of diabetes-induced metabolites such as glucose, lipids, amino acids, and other related factors and molecules that are implicated in the pathophysiology of the DR. Furthermore, we have highlighted neurodegeneration and regulation of neurotrophic factors, being recognized as early events that may be involved in the pathology of the disease in the course of DR. An understanding of the biochemical and molecular changes especially early in the diabetic retina may lead to new and effective therapies towards prevention and amelioration of DR, which is important for the millions of individuals who already have or are likely to develop the disease before a cure becomes available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shamsul Ola
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, KAUH, Riyadh, KSA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
De Melo Reis RA, Schitine CS, Köfalvi A, Grade S, Cortes L, Gardino PF, Malva JO, de Mello FG. Functional identification of cell phenotypes differentiating from mice retinal neurospheres using single cell calcium imaging. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 31:835-46. [PMID: 21409522 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Degeneration of neural retina causes vision impairment and can lead to blindness. Neural stem and progenitor cells might be used as a tool directed to regenerative medicine of the retina. Here, we describe a novel platform for cell phenotype-specific drug discovery and screening of proneurogenic factors, able to boost differentiation of neural retinal progenitor cells. By using single cell calcium imaging (SCCI) and a rational-based stimulation protocol, a diversity of cells emerging from differentiated retinal neurosphere cultures were identified. Exposure of retinal progenitor cultures to KCl or to α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) stimulated Ca(2+) transients in microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) positive neurons. Doublecortin (DCX) and polysialated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) positive neuroblasts were distinguished from differentiated neurons on the basis of their response to muscimol. Ca(2+) fluxes in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) or glutamine synthetase (GS) positive cells were induced by ATP. To validate the platform, neurospheres were treated with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (proneurogenic) or ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) (gliogenic factor). BDNF increased the percentage of differentiated cells expressing Tuj-1 sensitive to KCl or AMPA and reduced the population of cells responding to muscimol. CNTF exposure resulted in a higher number of cells expressing GFAP responding to ATP. All together, our data may open new perspectives for cell type-specific discovery of drug targets and screening of novel proneurogenic factors to boost differentiation of neural retina cells to treat degenerative retinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A De Melo Reis
- Neuroprotection and Neurogenesis in Brain Repair, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Protein tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51--a jack-of-all-trades protein. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 344:189-205. [PMID: 21369858 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51 (PTPIP51) interacts both in vitro and in vivo with PTP1B, a protein tyrosine phosphatase involved in cellular regulation. PTPIP51 is known to be expressed in many different types of tissues. It is involved in cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Nevertheless, the exact cellular function of PTPIP51 is still unknown. The present review summarizes our current knowledge of the PTPIP51 gene and its mRNA and protein structure.
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Donovan M, Doonan F, Cotter TG. Differential roles of ERK1/2 and JNK in retinal development and degeneration. J Neurochem 2010; 116:33-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07056.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
49
|
|
50
|
Lu B, Wang S, Girman S, McGill T, Ragaglia V, Lund R. Human adult bone marrow-derived somatic cells rescue vision in a rodent model of retinal degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2010; 91:449-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2010.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|