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Dong Q, Fu H, Jiang H. The role of exosome-shuttled miRNAs in heavy metal-induced peripheral tissues and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116880. [PMID: 38850652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal-induced neuroinflammation is a significant pathophysiologic mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. Multiple miRNAs are differentially expressed in peripheral tissues after heavy metal exposure, and increasing evidence suggests that they are involved in AD progression by regulating microglial homeostasis. Exosomes, which are capable of loading miRNAs and crossing the bloodbrain barrier, serve as mediators of communication between peripheral tissues and the brain. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on the link between miRNAs in peripheral tissues and neuroinflammation in AD after heavy metal exposure and propose a role for miRNAs in the microglial neurodegenerative phenotype (MGnD) of AD. This study will help to elucidate the link between peripheral tissue damage and MGnD-mediated neuroinflammation in AD after heavy metal exposure. Additionally, we summarize the regulatory effects of natural compounds on peripheral tissue-derived miRNAs, which could be potential therapeutic targets for natural compounds to regulate peripheral tissue-derived exosomal miRNAs to ameliorate heavy metal-induced MGnD-mediated neuroinflammation in patients with AD after heavy metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dong
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
| | - Huanyong Fu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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2
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Javdani-Mallak A, Salahshoori I. Environmental pollutants and exosomes: A new paradigm in environmental health and disease. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171774. [PMID: 38508246 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the intricate interplay between environmental pollutants and exosomes, shedding light on a novel paradigm in environmental health and disease. Cellular stress, induced by environmental toxicants or disease, significantly impacts the production and composition of exosomes, crucial mediators of intercellular communication. The heat shock response (HSR) and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways, activated during cellular stress, profoundly influence exosome generation, cargo sorting, and function, shaping intercellular communication and stress responses. Environmental pollutants, particularly lipophilic ones, directly interact with exosome lipid bilayers, potentially affecting membrane stability, release, and cellular uptake. The study reveals that exposure to environmental contaminants induces significant changes in exosomal proteins, miRNAs, and lipids, impacting cellular function and health. Understanding the impact of environmental pollutants on exosomal cargo holds promise for biomarkers of exposure, enabling non-invasive sample collection and real-time insights into ongoing cellular responses. This research explores the potential of exosomal biomarkers for early detection of health effects, assessing treatment efficacy, and population-wide screening. Overcoming challenges requires advanced isolation techniques, standardized protocols, and machine learning for data analysis. Integration with omics technologies enhances comprehensive molecular analysis, offering a holistic understanding of the complex regulatory network influenced by environmental pollutants. The study underscores the capability of exosomes in circulation as promising biomarkers for assessing environmental exposure and systemic health effects, contributing to advancements in environmental health research and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Javdani-Mallak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Salahshoori
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran; Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Guo H, Fei L, Yu H, Li Y, Feng Y, Wu S, Wang Y. Exosome-encapsulated lncRNA HOTAIRM1 contributes to PM 2.5-aggravated COPD airway remodeling by enhancing myofibroblast differentiation. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:970-985. [PMID: 38332218 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Emphysema, myofibroblast accumulation and airway remodeling can occur in the lungs due to exposure to atmospheric pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5), leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Specifically, bronchial epithelium-fibroblast communication participates in airway remodeling, which results in COPD. An increasing number of studies are now being conducted on the role of exosome-mediated cell-cell communication in disease pathogenesis. Here, we investigated whether exosomes generated from bronchial epithelial cells could deliver information to normal stromal fibroblasts and provoke cellular responses, resulting in airway obstruction in COPD. We studied the mechanism of exosome-mediated intercellular communication between human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and primary lung fibroblasts (pLFs). We found that PM2.5-induced HBE-derived exosomes promoted myofibroblast differentiation in pLFs. Then, the exosomal lncRNA expression profiles derived from PM2.5-treated HBE cells and nontreated HBE cells were investigated using an Agilent Human LncRNA Array. Combining coculture assays and direct exosome treatment, we found that HBE cell-derived exosomal HOTAIRM1 facilitated the myofibroblast differentiation of pLFs. Surprisingly, we discovered that exosomal HOTAIRM1 enhanced pLF proliferation to secrete excessive collagen secretion, leading to airway obstruction by stimulating the TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling pathway. Significantly, PM2.5 reduced FEV1/FVC and FEV1 and increased the level of serum exosomal HOTAIRM1 in healthy people; moreover, serum exosomal HOTAIRM1 was associated with PM2.5-related reductions in FEV1/FVC and FVC. These findings show that PM2.5 triggers alterations in exosome components and clarify that one of the paracrine mediators of myofibroblast differentiation is bronchial epithelial cell-derived HOTAIRM1, which has the potential to be an effective prevention and therapeutic target for PM2.5-induced COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqi Guo
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Luo Fei
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hengyi Yu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200020, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200020, China
| | - Yan Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200020, China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiao Tong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200020, China.
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4
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Kisielewska M, Rakoczy K, Skowron I, Górczyńska J, Kacer J, Bocheńska A, Choromańska A. Utilizing Extracellular Vesicles for Eliminating 'Unwanted Molecules': Harnessing Nature's Structures in Modern Therapeutic Strategies. Molecules 2024; 29:948. [PMID: 38474460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small phospholipid bilayer-bond structures released by diverse cell types into the extracellular environment, maintaining homeostasis of the cell by balancing cellular stress. This article provides a comprehensive overview of extracellular vesicles, their heterogeneity, and diversified roles in cellular processes, emphasizing their importance in the elimination of unwanted molecules. They play a role in regulating oxidative stress, particularly by discarding oxidized toxic molecules. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum stress induces the release of EVs, contributing to distinct results, including autophagy or ER stress transmission to following cells. ER stress-induced autophagy is a part of unfolded protein response (UPR) and protects cells from ER stress-related apoptosis. Mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) also play a role in maintaining homeostasis, as they carry damaged mitochondrial components, thereby preventing inflammation. Moreover, EVs partake in regulating aging-related processes, and therefore they can potentially play a crucial role in anti-aging therapies, including the treatment of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or cardiovascular conditions. Overall, the purpose of this article is to provide a better understanding of EVs as significant mediators in both physiological and pathological processes, and to shed light on their potential for therapeutic interventions targeting EV-mediated pathways in various pathological conditions, with an emphasis on age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Rakoczy
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Skowron
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julia Górczyńska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julia Kacer
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Bocheńska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Choromańska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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5
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Yang D, Wei H, Sheng Y, Peng T, Zhao Q, Xie L, Yang J. Circ_0006640 transferred by bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cell-exosomes suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptotic, inflammatory and oxidative injury in spinal cord injury. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:50. [PMID: 38195468 PMCID: PMC10777583 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging proofs have shown that differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) are closely associated with the pathophysiological process of spinal cord injury (SCI). Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-exosomes have been demonstrated to possess favorable therapeutic effects in diseases. Herein, this work aimed to investigate the action of circ_0006640 transferred by MSC-exosomes functional recovery after SCI. METHODS SCI animal models were established by spinal cord contusion surgery in mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse microglial cell line BV2. Levels of genes and proteins were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Properties of BV2 cells were characterized using CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and ELISA analysis. The oxidative stress was evaluated. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used for verifying the binding between miR-382-5p and circ_0006640 or IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1). Exosome separation was conducted by using the commercial kit. RESULTS Circ_0006640 expression was lower in SCI mice and LPS-induced microglial cells. Circ_0006640 overexpression protected microglial cells from LPS-induced apoptotic, inflammatory and oxidative injury. Mechanistically, circ_0006640 directly sponged miR-382-5p, which targeted IGF-1. MiR-382-5p was increased, while IGF-1 was decreased in SCI mice and LPS-induced microglial cells. Knockdown of miR-382-5p suppressed apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in LPS-induced microglial cells, which were reversed by IGF-1 deficiency. Moreover, miR-382-5p up-regulation abolished the protective functions of circ_0006640 in LPS-induced microglial cells. Additionally, circ_0006640 was packaged into MSC-exosomes and could be transferred by exosomes. Exosomal circ_0006640 also had protective effects on microglial cells via miR-382-5p/IGF-1 axis. CONCLUSION Circ_0006640 transferred by BMSC-exosomes suppressed LPS-induced apoptotic, inflammatory and oxidative injury via miR-382-5p/IGF-1 axis, indicating a new insight into the clinical application of exosomal circRNA-based therapeutic in the function recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hankou Hospital of Wuhan, No. 2273 Jiefang Dadao, Wuhan City, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Haitang Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hankou Hospital of Wuhan, No. 2273 Jiefang Dadao, Wuhan City, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Sheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hankou Hospital of Wuhan, No. 2273 Jiefang Dadao, Wuhan City, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hankou Hospital of Wuhan, No. 2273 Jiefang Dadao, Wuhan City, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hankou Hospital of Wuhan, No. 2273 Jiefang Dadao, Wuhan City, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hankou Hospital of Wuhan, No. 2273 Jiefang Dadao, Wuhan City, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hankou Hospital of Wuhan, No. 2273 Jiefang Dadao, Wuhan City, 430014, Hubei, China.
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Liu Q, Lei Z. The Role of microRNAs in Arsenic-Induced Human Diseases: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37930083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs with 20-22 nucleotides, which are encoded by endogenous genes and are capable of targeting the majority of human mRNAs. Arsenic is regarded as a human carcinogen, which can lead to many adverse health effects including diabetes, skin lesions, kidney disease, neurological impairment, male reproductive injury, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as cardiac arrhythmias, ischemic heart failure, and endothelial dysfunction. miRNAs can act as tumor suppressors and oncogenes via directly targeting oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Recently, miRNA dysregulation was considered to be an important mechanism of arsenic-induced human diseases and a potential biomarker to predict the diseases caused by arsenic exposure. Endogenic miRNAs such as miR-21, the miR-200 family, miR-155, and the let-7 family are involved in arsenic-induced human disease by inducing translational repression or RNA degradation and influencing multiple pathways, including mTOR/Arg 1, HIF-1α/VEGF, AKT, c-Myc, MAPK, Wnt, and PI3K pathways. Additionally, exogenous miRNAs derived from plants, such as miR-34a, miR-159, miR-2911, miR-159a, miR-156c, miR-168, etc., among others, can be transported from blood to specific tissue/organ systems in vivo. These exogenous miRNAs might be critical players in the treatment of human diseases by regulating host gene expression. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in arsenic-induced human diseases, including cancers, CVD, and other human diseases. These special miRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers in the management and treatment of human diseases linked to arsenic exposure. Finally, the protective action of exogenous miRNAs, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-CVD, antioxidant stress, and antivirus are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Liu
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhiqun Lei
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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7
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Monti P, Solazzo G, Bollati V. Effect of environmental exposures on cancer risk: Emerging role of non-coding RNA shuttled by extracellular vesicles. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108255. [PMID: 37839267 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental and lifestyle exposures have a huge impact on cancer risk; nevertheless, the biological mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed particles actively released by all living cells, which play a key role in intercellular communication. EVs transport a variegate cargo of biomolecules, including non-coding RNA (ncRNA), which are well-known regulators of gene expression. Once delivered to recipient cells, EV-borne ncRNAs modulate a plethora of cancer-related biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and motility. In addition, the ncRNA content of EVs can be altered in response to outer stimuli. Such changes can occur either as an active attempt to adapt to the changing environment or as an uncontrolled consequence of cell homeostasis loss. In either case, such environmentally-driven alterations in EV ncRNA might affect the complex crosstalk between malignant cells and the tumor microenvironment, thus modulating the risk of cancer initiation and progression. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about EV ncRNAs at the interface between environmental and lifestyle determinants and cancer. In particular, we focus on the effect of smoking, air and water pollution, diet, exercise, and electromagnetic radiation. In addition, we have conducted a bioinformatic analysis to investigate the biological functions of the genes targeted by environmentally-regulated EV microRNAs. Overall, we draw a comprehensive picture of the role of EV ncRNA at the interface between external factors and cancer, which could be of great interest to the development of novel strategies for cancer prevention, diagnosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Monti
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Solazzo
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; CRC, Center for Environmental Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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8
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Saadatian Z, Mansoori Y, Nariman-Saleh-Fam L, Daraei A, Vahed SZ, Navid S, Nariman-Saleh-Fam Z. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells expression of miR-200c, miR-125b, miR-27b, miR-203, and miR-155 in patients with significant or insignificant coronary artery stenosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18438. [PMID: 37891322 PMCID: PMC10611722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the principal causes of death worldwide. Among several predisposing factors, inflammation and inflammatory genes play a significant role in disease pathogenesis. Inflammatory microRNAs, small noncoding RNAs involved in regulating inflammation, are promising candidates for understanding pathogenesis of CAD and developing diagnostic biomarkers. The aim of the study was to evaluate the alteration of miR-200c, miR-125b, miR-27b, miR-203 and, miR-155 in patients suffering from coronary artery stenosis and insignificant coronary artery stenosis compared to healthy subjects. In this study we compared expressions of five inflammatory miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 72 patients suffering significant coronary artery stenosis (CAD), 74 individuals without coronary artery disease and 30 individuals with insignificant coronary artery stenosis (ICAD). After blood collection, PBMCs were isolated and RNA was extracted. Gene expression levels were assessed by SYBR green based real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using R program. Expression levels of miR-200c, miR-203, and miR-155 were lower in subjects with ICAD than that in CAD patients and subjects of the control group. MiR-125b was downregulated in CAD and ICAD groups compared to the control group. PBMC miR-27b was upregulated in the CAD group as compared to the ICAD and control groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis verified potential of three miRNAs in separating subjects with ICAD from CAD patients and healthy individuals. In conclusion, this original investigation suggested that altered expression of these five miRNAs may serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker discriminating clinical presentations of coronary artery diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Saadatian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | | | - Abdolreza Daraei
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Shadan Navid
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Ziba Nariman-Saleh-Fam
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shohada Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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9
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Carberry CK, Bangma J, Koval L, Keshava D, Hartwell HJ, Sokolsky M, Fry RC, Rager JE. Extracellular Vesicles altered by a Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Mixture: In Vitro Dose-Dependent Release, Chemical Content, and MicroRNA Signatures involved in Liver Health. Toxicol Sci 2023; 197:kfad108. [PMID: 37851381 PMCID: PMC10823775 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have emerged as high priority contaminants due to their ubiquity and pervasiveness in the environment. Numerous PFAS co-occur across sources of drinking water, including areas of North Carolina (NC) with some detected concentrations above the Environmental Protection Agency's health advisory levels. While evidence demonstrates PFAS exposure induces harmful effects in the liver, the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as potential mediators of these effects has yet to be evaluated. This study set out to evaluate the hypothesis that PFAS mixtures induce dose-dependent release of EVs from liver cells, with exposures causing differential loading of microRNAs (miRNAs) and PFAS chemical signatures. To test this hypothesis, a defined PFAS mixture was prioritized utilizing data collected by the NC PFAS Testing Network. This mixture contained three substances, PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxA, selected based upon co-occurrence patterns and the inclusion of both short-chain (PFHxA) and long-chain (PFOA and PFOS) substances. HepG2 liver cells were exposed to equimolar PFAS, and secreted EVs were isolated from conditioned media and characterized for count and molecular content. Exposures induced a dose-dependent release of EVs carrying miRNAs that were differentially loaded upon exposure. These altered miRNA signatures were predicted to target mRNA pathways involved in hepatic fibrosis and cancer. Chemical concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxA were also detected in both parent HepG2 cells and their released EVs, specifically within a 15-fold range after normalizing for protein content. This study therefore established EVs as novel biological responders and measurable endpoints for evaluating PFAS-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste K Carberry
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacqueline Bangma
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Lauren Koval
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Deepak Keshava
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hadley J Hartwell
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marina Sokolsky
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- School of Medicine, Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julia E Rager
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- School of Medicine, Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Peng X, Chen X, Peng S, Chen Y, Li Y, Tian Y. CircPRRC2C Promotes the Oncogenic Phenotypes of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells via MiR-136-5p/HOXD11 Axis. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00868-y. [PMID: 37728841 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00868-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) carcinogenesis has gradually been proposed. Herein, we aimed to explore the function and mechanism of circPRRC2C in LSCC. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used for detecting the content of genes and proteins. In vitro experiments were conducted using 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, colony formation, flow cytometry, and transwell assays. The binding between miR-136-5p and circPRRC2C or Homeobox D11 (HOXD11) was confirmed by using the dual-luciferase reporter assay. The murine xenograft model was established for in vivo analysis. The commercial kit was used for exosome separation. CircPRRC2C is a stable circRNA, and was highly expressed in LSCC tissues and cell lines. Functionally, circPRRC2C deficiency impaired LSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion but induced cell apoptosis in vitro and impeded tumor growth in vivo, however, circPRRC2C overexpression showed the exact opposite effects. Mechanistically, circPRRC2C directly targeted miR-136-5p, which showed inhibitory effects on the growth and mobility of LSCC cells. Meanwhile, miR-136-5p directly targeted HOXD11, and circPRRC2C/miR-136-5p/HOXD11 formed a feedback loop in LSCC cells. Further rescue assays exhibited that circPRRC2C exerted its effects by miR-136-5p/HOXD11 axis. In addition, circPRRC2C was stably packaged into exosomes and showed potential diagnostic value for LSCC. CircPRRC2C acted as an oncogene to promote LSCC cell oncogenic phenotypes via miR-136-5p/HOXD11 axis, besides, circPRRC2C was stably packaged into exosomes, indicating the potential application of circPRRC2C-targeting agents in the treatment in LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.49, Nihuangpi Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Xintian Chen
- College of Life Science, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shuai Peng
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Clean Production and High Value Utilization of Bio-Based Textile Materials, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China.
- College of Life Science, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Yingming Chen
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.49, Nihuangpi Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
| | - Yang Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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11
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Sun J, Wu L, Wu M, Liu Q, Cao H. Non-coding RNA therapeutics: Towards a new candidate for arsenic-induced liver disease. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110626. [PMID: 37442288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic, a metalloid toxicant, has caused serious environmental pollution and is presently a global health issue. Long-term exposure to arsenic causes diverse organ and system dysfunctions, including liver disease. Arsenic-induced liver disease comprises a spectrum of liver pathologies, ranging from hepatocyte damage, steatosis, fibrosis, to hepatocellular carcinoma. Various mechanisms, including an imbalance in redox reactions, mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic changes, participate in the pathogenesis of arsenic-induced liver disease. Altered epigenetic processes involved in its initiation and progression. Dysregulated modulations of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs, exert regulating effects on these processes. Here, we have reviewed the underlying pathogenic mechanisms that lead to progressive arsenic-induced liver disease, and we provide a discussion focusing on the effects of ncRNAs on dysfunctions in intercellular communication and on the activation of hepatic stellate cells and malignant transformation of hepatocytes. Further, we have discussed the roles of ncRNAs in intercellular communication via extracellular vesicles and cytokines, and have provided a perspective for the application of ncRNAs as biomarkers in the early diagnosis and evaluation of the pathogenesis of arsenic-induced liver disease. Further investigations of ncRNAs will help us to understand the nature of arsenic-induced liver disease and to identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Functional Food Clinical Evaluation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Nutrition, Functional Food Clinical Evaluation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Hoorzad P, Mousavinasab F, Tofigh P, Kalahroud EM, Aghaei-Zarch SM, Salehi A, Fattahi M, Le BN. Understanding the lncRNA/miRNA-NFκB regulatory network in Diabetes Mellitus: From function to clinical translation. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023:110804. [PMID: 37369279 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its significant ramifications make out one of the primary reasons behind morbidity worldwide. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, are involved in regulating manifold biological processes, including diabetes initiation and progression. One of the established pathways attributed to DM development is NF-κB signaling. Neurons, β cells, adipocytes, and hepatocytes are among the metabolic tissues where NF-κB is known to produce a range of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. The direct or indirect role of ncRNAs such as lncRNAs and miRNAs on the NF-κB signaling pathway and DM development has been supported by many studies. As a result, effective diabetes treatment and preventive methods will benefit from a comprehensive examination of the interplay between NF-κB and ncRNAs. Herein, we provide a concise overview of the role of NF-κB-mediated signaling pathways in diabetes mellitus and its consequences. The reciprocal regulation of ncRNAs and the NF-κB signaling pathway in diabetes is then discussed, shedding light on the pathogenesis of the illness and its possible therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Hoorzad
- Department of Molecular and cellular biology, Faculty of basic sciences and Advanced technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Pouya Tofigh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mohsen Aghaei-Zarch
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salehi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculity of New Science and technology, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Fattahi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; School of engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.
| | - Binh Nguyen Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; School of engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
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13
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Wu H, Eckhardt CM, Baccarelli AA. Molecular mechanisms of environmental exposures and human disease. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:332-344. [PMID: 36717624 PMCID: PMC10562207 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A substantial proportion of disease risk for common complex disorders is attributable to environmental exposures and pollutants. An appreciation of how environmental pollutants act on our cells to produce deleterious health effects has led to advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and respiratory diseases. Here, we discuss emerging research on the interplay of environmental pollutants with the human genome and epigenome. We review evidence showing the environmental impact on gene expression through epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNAs. We also highlight recent studies that evaluate recently discovered molecular processes through which the environment can exert its effects, including extracellular vesicles, the epitranscriptome and the mitochondrial genome. Finally, we discuss current challenges when studying the exposome - the cumulative measure of environmental influences over the lifespan - and its integration into future environmental health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina M Eckhardt
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
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14
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Carberry CK, Rager JE. The impact of environmental contaminants on extracellular vesicles and their key molecular regulators: A literature and database-driven review. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2023; 64:50-66. [PMID: 36502378 PMCID: PMC10798145 DOI: 10.1002/em.22522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental chemicals is now well recognized as a significant factor contributing to the global burden of disease; however, there remain critical gaps in understanding the types of biological mechanisms that link environmental chemicals to adverse health outcomes. One type of mechanism that remains understudied involves extracellular vesicles (EVs), representing small cell-derived particles capable of carrying molecular signals such as RNAs, miRNAs, proteins, lipids, and chemicals through biological fluids and imparting beneficial, neutral, or negative effects on target cells. In fact, evidence is just now starting to grow that supports the role of EVs in various disease etiologies. This review aims to (1) Provide a landscape of the current understanding of the functional relationship between EVs and environmental chemicals; (2) Summarize current knowledge of EV regulatory processes including production, packaging, and release; and (3) Conduct a database-driven analysis of known chemical-gene interactions to predict and prioritize environmentally relevant chemicals that may impact EV regulatory genes and thus EV regulatory processes. This approach to predicting environmentally relevant chemicals that may alter EVs provides a novel method for evidence-based hypothesis generation for future studies evaluating the link between environmental exposures and EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste K. Carberry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julia E. Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Ishtiaq SM, Arshad MI, Khan JA. PPARγ signaling in hepatocarcinogenesis: Mechanistic insights for cellular reprogramming and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108298. [PMID: 36243148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is leading cause of cancer-related mortalities globally. The therapeutic approaches for chronic liver diseases-associated liver cancers aimed at modulating immune check-points and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathway during multistep process of hepatocarcinogenesis that played a dispensable role in immunopathogenesis and outcomes of disease. Herein, the review highlights PPARγ-induced effects in balancing inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and interplay of PPARγ, hepatic stellate cells and fibrogenic niche in cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic crosstalk of hepatocarcinogenesis. PPARγ-mediated effects in pre-malignant microenvironment promote growth arrest, cell senescence and cell clearance in liver cancer pathophysiology. Furthermore, PPARγ-immune cell axis of liver microenvironment exhibits an immunomodulation strategy of resident immune cells of the liver (macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells) in concomitance with current clinical guidelines of the European Association for Study of Liver Diseases (EASL) for several liver diseases. Thus, mechanistic insights of PPARγ-associated high value targets and canonical signaling suggest PPARγ as a possible therapeutic target in reprogramming of hepatocarcinogenesis to decrease burden of liver cancers, worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Momna Ishtiaq
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | | | - Junaid Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan.
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16
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Hamid AA, Aminuddin A, Anuar NNM, Mansor NI, Ahmad MF, Saleh MSM, Mokhtar MH, Ugusman A. Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz Prevents In Vitro Atherogenesis by Attenuating Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Monocyte Adhesion to Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101462. [PMID: 36294897 PMCID: PMC9605558 DOI: 10.3390/life12101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz is an herb with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-atherosclerosis effects. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying its anti-atherosclerosis effect is poorly comprehended. This in vitro study assessed the protective effects of standardized aqueous extract of P. minor leaves (PM) on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced monocyte adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), which is one of the pivotal early steps in atherogenesis. The results showed that PM decreased the mRNA and protein expression of cellular adhesion molecules, vascular adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, resulting in reduced adhesion of monocytes to HUVEC. Additionally, PM inhibited nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) activation as indicated by reduced NF-κB p65 levels in TNF-α-induced HUVEC. Overall, PM could prevent in vitro atherogenesis by inhibiting NF-κB activation and adhesion of monocytes to HUVEC. The effects of PM are probably mediated by its bioactive compound, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide. The findings may provide a rationale for the in vivo anti-atherosclerosis effect of PM, and support its potential use in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adila A. Hamid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nur Izzati Mansor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Faizal Ahmad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed S. M. Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Helmy Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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17
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Eckhardt CM, Baccarelli AA, Wu H. Environmental Exposures and Extracellular Vesicles: Indicators of Systemic Effects and Human Disease. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:465-476. [PMID: 35449498 PMCID: PMC9395256 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Environmental pollutants contribute to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases including chronic cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. Emerging evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) may mediate the association of environmental exposures with chronic diseases. The purpose of this review is to describe the impact of common environmental exposures on EVs and their role in linking environmental pollutants to the pathogenesis of chronic systemic diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Common environmental pollutants including particulate matter, tobacco smoke, and chemical pollutants trigger the release of EVs from multiple systems in the body. Existing research has focused primarily on air pollutants, which alter EV production and release in the lungs and systemic circulation. Air pollutants also impact the selective loading of EV cargo including microRNA and proteins, which modify the cellular function in recipient cells. As a result, pollutant-induced EVs often contribute to a pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic milieu, which increases the risk of pollutant-related diseases including obstructive lung diseases, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and lung cancer. Common environmental exposures are associated with multifaceted changes in EVs that lead to functional alterations in recipient cells and contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic systemic diseases. EVs may represent emerging targets for the prevention and treatment of diseases that stem from environmental exposures. However, novel research is required to expand our knowledge of the biological action of EV cargo, elucidate determinants of EV release, and fully understand the impact of environmental pollutants on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Eckhardt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical, Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, Floor 8, Suite 101, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Environmental Health Sciences Department, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 630 West 168th Street, Room 16-416, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Haotian Wu
- Environmental Health Sciences Department, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 630 West 168th Street, Room 16-416, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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18
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Expression of MicroRNAs in Sepsis-Related Organ Dysfunction: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169354. [PMID: 36012630 PMCID: PMC9409129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a critical condition characterized by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and proliferating cells such as neutrophils and macrophages in response to microbial pathogens. Such processes lead to an abnormal inflammatory response and multi-organ failure. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are single-stranded non-coding RNAs with the function of gene regulation. This means that miRNAs are involved in multiple intracellular pathways and thus contribute to or inhibit inflammation. As a result, their variable expression in different tissues and organs may play a key role in regulating the pathophysiological events of sepsis. Thanks to this property, miRNAs may serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in such life-threatening events. In this narrative review, we collect the results of recent studies on the expression of miRNAs in heart, blood, lung, liver, brain, and kidney during sepsis and the molecular processes in which they are involved. In reviewing the literature, we find at least 122 miRNAs and signaling pathways involved in sepsis-related organ dysfunction. This may help clinicians to detect, prevent, and treat sepsis-related organ failures early, although further studies are needed to deepen the knowledge of their potential contribution.
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Barney TM, Vore AS, Deak T. Acute Ethanol Challenge Differentially Regulates Expression of Growth Factors and miRNA Expression Profile of Whole Tissue of the Dorsal Hippocampus. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:884197. [PMID: 35706690 PMCID: PMC9189295 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.884197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute ethanol exposure produces rapid alterations in neuroimmune gene expression that are both time- and cytokine-dependent. Interestingly, adolescent rats, who often consume binge-like quantities of alcohol, displayed reduced neuroimmune responses to acute ethanol challenge. However, it is not known whether growth factors, a related group of signaling factors, respond to ethanol similarly in adults and adolescents. Therefore, Experiment 1 aimed to assess the growth factor response to ethanol in both adolescents and adults. To test this, adolescent (P29-P34) and adult (P70-P80) Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes were injected with either ethanol (3.5 g/kg) or saline, and brains were harvested 3 h post-injection for assessment of growth factor, cytokine, or miRNA expression. As expected, acute ethanol challenge significantly increased IL-6 and IκBα expression in the hippocampus and amygdala, replicating our prior findings. Acute ethanol significantly decreased BDNF and increased FGF2 regardless of age condition. PDGF was unresponsive to ethanol, but showed heightened expression among adolescent males. Because recent work has focused on the PDE4 inhibitor ibudilast for treatment in alcohol use disorder, Experiment 2 tested whether ibudilast would alter ethanol-evoked gene expression changes in cytokines and growth factors in the CNS. Ibudilast (9.0 mg/kg s.c.) administration 1 h prior to ethanol had no effect on ethanol-induced changes in cytokine or growth factor changes in the hippocampus or amygdala. To further explore molecular alterations evoked by acute ethanol challenge in the adult rat hippocampus, Experiment 3 tested whether acute ethanol would change the miRNA expression profile of the dorsal hippocampus using RNASeq, which revealed a rapid suppression of 12 miRNA species 3 h after acute ethanol challenge. Of the miRNA affected by ethanol, the majority were related to inflammation or cell survival and proliferation factors, including FGF2, MAPK, NFκB, and VEGF. Overall, these findings suggest that ethanol-induced, rapid alterations in neuroimmune gene expression were (i) muted among adolescents; (ii) independent of PDE4 signaling; and (iii) accompanied by changes in several growth factors (increased FGF2, decreased BDNF). In addition, ethanol decreased expression of multiple miRNA species, suggesting a dynamic molecular profile of changes in the hippocampus within a few short hours after acute ethanol challenge. Together, these findings may provide important insight into the molecular consequences of heavy drinking in humans.
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20
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Liu CY, Chen JB, Liu YY, Zhou XM, Zhang M, Jiang YM, Ma QY, Xue Z, Zhao ZY, Li XJ, Chen JX. Saikosaponin D exerts antidepressant effect by regulating Homer1-mGluR5 and mTOR signaling in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress. Chin Med 2022; 17:60. [PMID: 35610650 PMCID: PMC9128259 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00621-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies about depression have focused on the dysfunctional synaptic signaling in the hippocampus that drives the pathophysiology of depression. Radix Bupleuri has been used in China for over 2000 years to regulate liver-qi. Extracted from Radix Bupleuri, Saikosaponin D (SSD) is a pharmacologically active substance that has antidepressant effects. However, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS A chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) paradigm was used as a rat model of depression. SD rats were randomly assigned to a normal control (NC) group or one exposed to a CUMS paradigm. Of the latter group, rats were assigned to four subgroups: no treatment (CUMS), fluoxetine-treated (FLU), high-dose and low-dose SSD-treated (SSDH and SSDL). SSD was orally administrated of 1.50 mg/kg and 0.75 mg/kg/days for three weeks in the SSDH and SSDL groups, respectively. Fluoxetine was administrated at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg/days. SSD's antidepressant effects were assessed using the open field test, forced swim test, and sucrose preference test. Glutamate levels were quantified by ELISA. Western blot and immunochemical analyses were conducted to quantify proteins in the Homer protein homolog 1 (Homer1)-metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways in the hippocampal CA1 region. To measure related gene expression, RT-qPCR was employed. RESULTS CUMS-exposed rats treated with SSD exhibited increases in food intake, body weight, and improvements in the time spent in the central are and total distance traveled in the OFT, and less pronounced pleasure-deprivation behaviors. SSD also decreased glutamate levels in CA1. In CA1 region of CUMS-exposed rats, SSD treatment increased mGluR5 expression while decreasing Homer1 expression. SSD also increased expressions of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synapsin I (SYP), and the ratios of p-mTOR/mTOR, p-p70S6k/p70S6k, and p-4E-BP1/4E-BP1 in the CA1 region in CUMS-exposed rats. CONCLUSIONS SSD treatment reduces glutamate levels in the CA1 region and promotes the expression of the synaptic proteins PSD-95 and SYP via the regulation of the Homer1-mGluR5 and downstream mTOR signaling pathways. These findings suggest that SSD could act as a natural neuroprotective agent in the prevention of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yue Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jian-Bei Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yue-Yun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, 150040, China
| | - Man Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - You-Ming Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qing-Yu Ma
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhe Xue
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zong-Yao Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Li
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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21
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Hu C, Li J, Tan Y, Liu Y, Bai C, Gao J, Zhao S, Yao M, Lu X, Qiu L, Xing L. Tanreqing Injection Attenuates Macrophage Activation and the Inflammatory Response via the lncRNA-SNHG1/HMGB1 Axis in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:820718. [PMID: 35547731 PMCID: PMC9084914 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.820718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of acute lung injury (ALI) is not clear, and the treatment of ALI presents a great challenge. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of ALI and to define the target gene of Tanreqing (TRQ), which is a traditional Chinese medicine formula composed of five medicines, scutellaria baicalensis, bear bile powder, goat horn powder, honeysuckle and forsythia. Macrophage activation plays a critical role in many pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation. Although the regulation of macrophage activation has been extensively investigated, there is little knowledge of the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in this process. In this study, we found that lncRNA-SNHG1 expression is distinctly regulated in differently activated macrophages in that it is upregulated in LPS. LncRNA-SNHG1 knockdown attenuates LPS-induced M1 macrophage activation. The SNHG1 promoter was bound by NF-κB subunit p65, indicative of SNHG1 being a direct transcriptional target of LPS-induced NF-κB activation. SNHG1 acts as a proinflammatory driver that leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines and the activation of macrophages and cytokine storms by physically interacting with high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in ALI. TRQ inhibited NF-κB signaling activation and binding of NF-κB to the SNHG1 promoter. In conclusion, this study defined TRQ target genes, which can be further elucidated as mechanism(s) of TRQ action, and provides insight into the molecular pathogenesis of ALI. The lncRNA-SNHG1/HMGB1 axis is an ideal therapeutic for ALI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Hu
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junlu Li
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingshuai Tan
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chen Bai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shilong Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengying Yao
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lu
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingxiao Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lihua Xing
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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22
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MicroRNAs in Leukemias: A Clinically Annotated Compendium. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073469. [PMID: 35408829 PMCID: PMC8998245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemias are a group of malignancies of the blood and bone marrow. Multiple types of leukemia are known, however reliable treatments have not been developed for most leukemia types. Furthermore, even relatively reliable treatments can result in relapses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, noncoding RNAs responsible for epigenetic regulation of gene expression and have been proposed as a source of potential novel therapeutic targets for leukemias. In order to identify central miRNAs for leukemia, we conducted data synthesis using two databases: miRTarBase and DISNOR. A total of 137 unique miRNAs associated with 16 types of leukemia were retrieved from miRTarBase and 86 protein-coding genes associated with leukemia were retrieved from the DISNOR database. Based on these data, we formed a visual network of 248 miRNA-target interactions (MTI) between leukemia-associated genes and miRNAs associated with ≥4 leukemia types. We then manually reviewed the literature describing these 248 MTIs for interactions identified in leukemia studies. This manually curated data was then used to visualize a network of 64 MTIs identified in leukemia patients, cell lines and animal models. We also formed a visual network of miRNA-leukemia associations. Finally, we compiled leukemia clinical trials from the ClinicalTrials database. miRNAs with the highest number of MTIs were miR-125b-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-181a-5p and miR-19a-3p, while target genes with the highest number of MTIs were TP53, BCL2, KIT, ATM, RUNX1 and ABL1. The analysis of 248 MTIs revealed a large, highly interconnected network. Additionally, a large MTI subnetwork was present in the network visualized from manually reviewed data. The interconnectedness of the MTI subnetwork suggests that certain miRNAs represent central disease molecules for multiple leukemia types. Additional studies on miRNAs, their target genes and associated biological pathways are required to elucidate the therapeutic potential of miRNAs in leukemia.
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Fan Q, Yu Y, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Wu C. An emerging role of radiation‑induced exosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma progression and radioresistance (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 60:46. [PMID: 35266016 PMCID: PMC8923655 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide are increasing, and the role of radiotherapy is currently under discussion. Radioresistance is one of the most important challenges in the therapy of HCC compared with other local advanced, recurrent and metastatic cancers. The mechanisms of radioresistance are complex and remain to be fully understood; however, extracellular vesicles have been investigated in recent studies. Exosomes, which are 40- to 150-nm extracellular vesicles released by cancer cells, contain multiple pathogenic components, including proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, and play critical functions in cancer progression. Emerging data indicate a diagnosis potential for exosomes in HCC, since radiation-derived exosomes promote radioresistance. Radiation-based therapy alters the contents and components of exosomes, suggesting that exosomes and their components may serve as prognostic and predictive biomarkers to monitor radiation response. Therefore, understanding the roles and mechanisms of exosomes in HCC progression and radiation response during HCC therapy may increase our knowledge concerning the roles of exosomes in radioresistance, and may lead to novel approaches for HCC prognosis and treatment. The current review summarizes recent studies on exosome involvement in HCC and the molecular changes in exosome components during HCC progression. It also discusses the functions of exosomes in HCC therapy, and highlights the importance of exosomes in HCC progression and resistance for the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Yueling Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
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Li J, Sun L, Chen Y, Zhu J, Shen J, Wang J, Gu Y, Zhang G, Wang M, Shi T, Chen W. Gastric cancer-derived exosomal miR-135b-5p impairs the function of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by targeting specificity protein 1. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:311-325. [PMID: 34159436 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that tumor-derived exosomes participate in the communication between tumor cells and their microenvironment and mediate malignant biological behaviors including immune escape. In this study, we found that gastric cancer (GC) cell-derived exosomes could be effectively uptaken by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, decrease the cell viability of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, induce apoptosis, and reduce the production of cytotoxic cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α. Furthermore, we demonstrated that exosomal miR-135b-5p was delivered into Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Exosomal miR-135b-5p impaired the function of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by targeting specificity protein 1 (SP1). More importantly, blocking the SP1 function by Plicamycin, an SP1 inhibitor, abolished the effect of stable miR-135b-5p knockdown GC cell-derived exosomes on Vγ9Vδ2 T cell function. Collectively, our results suggest that GC cell-derived exosomes impair the function of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells via miR-135b-5p/SP1 pathway, and targeting exosomal miR-135b-5p/SP1 axis may improve the efficiency of GC immunotherapy based on Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Linqing Sun
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinghan Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanzheng Gu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangbo Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingyuan Wang
- Suzhou Red Cross Blood Center, 355 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Tongguo Shi
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Province, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, 215100, China.
| | - Weichang Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Province, 50 Donghuan Road, Suzhou, 215100, China.
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25
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Mostafavi E, Aref AR, Sethi G, Wang L, Tergaonkar V. Non-coding RNA-based regulation of inflammation. Semin Immunol 2022; 59:101606. [PMID: 35691882 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a multifactorial process and various biological mechanisms and pathways participate in its development. The presence of inflammation is involved in pathogenesis of different diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and even, cancer. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) comprise large part of transcribed genome and their critical function in physiological and pathological conditions has been confirmed. The present review focuses on miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs as ncRNAs and their potential functions in inflammation regulation and resolution. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors are regulated by miRNAs via binding to 3'-UTR or indirectly via affecting other pathways such as SIRT1 and NF-κB. LncRNAs display a similar function and they can also affect miRNAs via sponging in regulating levels of cytokines. CircRNAs mainly affect miRNAs and reduce their expression in regulating cytokine levels. Notably, exosomal ncRNAs have shown capacity in inflammation resolution. In addition to pre-clinical studies, clinical trials have examined role of ncRNAs in inflammation-mediated disease pathogenesis and cytokine regulation. The therapeutic targeting of ncRNAs using drugs and nucleic acids have been analyzed to reduce inflammation in disease therapy. Therefore, ncRNAs can serve as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets in inflammation-related diseases in pre-clinical and clinical backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc. 6, Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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26
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Howe CG, Foley HB, Farzan SF, Chavez TA, Johnson M, Meeker JD, Bastain TM, Marsit CJ, Breton CV. Urinary metals and maternal circulating extracellular vesicle microRNA in the MADRES pregnancy cohort. Epigenetics 2021; 17:1128-1142. [PMID: 34696694 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1994189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to metals increases risk for pregnancy complications. Extracellular vesicle (EV) miRNA contribute to maternal-foetal communication and are dysregulated in pregnancy complications. However, metal impacts on maternal circulating EV miRNA during pregnancy are unknown. Our objective was to investigate the impact of multiple metal exposures on EV miRNA in maternal circulation during pregnancy in the MADRES Study. Associations between urinary concentrations of nine metals and 106 EV miRNA in maternal plasma during pregnancy were investigated using robust linear regression (N = 231). Primary analyses focused on metal-miRNA associations in early pregnancy (median: 12.3 weeks gestation). In secondary analyses, we investigated associations with late pregnancy miRNA counts (median: 31.8 weeks gestation) in a subset of participants (N = 184) with paired measures. MiRNA associated with three or more metals (PFDR<0.05) were further investigated using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR), an environmental mixture method. Thirty-five miRNA were associated (PFDR<0.05) with at least one metal in early pregnancy. One association (an inverse association between cobalt and miR-150-5p) remained statistically significant when evaluating late pregnancy miRNA counts. Eight miRNA (miR-302b-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-188-5p, miR-138-5p, miR-212-3p, miR-608, miR-1272, miR-19b-3p) were associated with three metals (barium, mercury, and thallium) in early pregnancy, and their predicted target genes were enriched in pathways important for placental development. Results were consistent when using BKMR. Early pregnancy exposure to barium, mercury, and thallium may have short-term impacts on a common set of EV miRNA which target pathways important for placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Medical Center Dr, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Helen B Foley
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Chavez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Emory Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Ga, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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27
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Kalita-de Croft P, Sharma S, Sobrevia L, Salomon C. Extracellular vesicle interactions with the external and internal exposome in mediating carcinogenesis. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 87:101039. [PMID: 34629184 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The influence of environmental factors on an individual, from conception onwards, is defined as the exposome. It can be categorized into the external exposome, which includes external factors such as air pollution, chemical contaminants, and diet, and the internal exposome, which is unique to an individual, and involves age, physiology, and their genetic profile. The effect of external exposures on the internal exposome, or genetic profile, can be determined through omics analyses. However, this is often compromised due to low sample quantity and cost. Therefore, identification of other factors that can provide an insight into the cellular profile of an individual, provides an exciting avenue, and an emerging field is that of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recently, our understanding of how cells can communicate with each other has shifted to recognise the role of EVs. EVs are secreted by all living cells, and have been identified in all biological fluids studied so far. They transport bioactive molecules (e.g., proteins, miRNAs, and DNA), and their release can be regulated by the cellular microenvironment. Analysis of EVs in respond to environmental factors might provide novel insights into the role of tumour EVs in carcinogenesis. Not only will EVs give some insight into the tumour cells themselves but they will also provide a better understanding of how cells communicate with one another, contributing to cancer progression. Moreover, characterising the content and functions of tumour-derived EVs has the potential to overcome the current challenges to improve cancer patient outcomes. For example, the identification of EVs targets for therapeutic interventions and tumour EVs biomarkers could facilitate the development of early screening for several cancers. The aim of this review, thus, is to discuss the overall role of EVs in response to the various external and internal signals in cancer. We will specifically highlight the biogenesis, secretion, and content of EVs in response to oncogenic transformation and metabolic regulators in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyakshi Kalita-de Croft
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Shayna Sharma
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, E-41012, Spain; Medical School (Faculty of Medicine), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, 4029, Queensland, Australia; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9713GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia; Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile.
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Bondhopadhyay B, Sisodiya S, Alzahrani FA, Bakhrebah MA, Chikara A, Kasherwal V, Khan A, Rani J, Dar SA, Akhter N, Tanwar P, Agrawal U, Hussain S. Exosomes: A Forthcoming Era of Breast Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4672. [PMID: 34572899 PMCID: PMC8464658 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advancements in therapeutics and personalized medicine, breast cancer remains one of the most lethal cancers among women. The prognostic and diagnostic aids mainly include assessment of tumor tissues with conventional methods towards better therapeutic strategies. However, current era of gene-based research may influence the treatment outcome particularly as an adjunct to diagnostics by exploring the role of non-invasive liquid biopsies or circulating markers. The characterization of tumor milieu for physiological fluids has been central to identifying the role of exosomes or small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). These exosomes provide necessary communication between tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The manipulation of exosomes in TME may provide promising diagnostic/therapeutic strategies, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer patients. This review has described and highlighted the role of exosomes in breast carcinogenesis and how they could be used or targeted by recent immunotherapeutics to achieve promising intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banashree Bondhopadhyay
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida 201301, India; (B.B.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (V.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Sandeep Sisodiya
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida 201301, India; (B.B.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (V.K.); (J.R.)
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 411004, India
| | - Faisal Abdulrahman Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Embryonic Stem Cells Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammed A. Bakhrebah
- Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Atul Chikara
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida 201301, India; (B.B.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (V.K.); (J.R.)
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 411004, India
| | - Vishakha Kasherwal
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida 201301, India; (B.B.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (V.K.); (J.R.)
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida 201313, India
| | - Asiya Khan
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201313, India;
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. Bheem Rao Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (Dr. BRA-IRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110023, India;
| | - Jyoti Rani
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida 201301, India; (B.B.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (V.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Naseem Akhter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha 65411, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. Bheem Rao Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (Dr. BRA-IRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110023, India;
| | - Usha Agrawal
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Showket Hussain
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida 201301, India; (B.B.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (V.K.); (J.R.)
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Crosstalk between Environmental Inflammatory Stimuli and Non-Coding RNA in Cancer Occurrence and Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174436. [PMID: 34503246 PMCID: PMC8430834 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Increasing evidence has indicated that chronic inflammatory processes have an influence on tumor occurrence and all stages of tumor development. A dramatic increase of studies into non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) biology has shown that ncRNAs act as oncogenic drivers and tumor suppressors in various inflammation-induced cancers. Thus, this complex network of inflammation-associated cancers and ncRNAs offers targets for prevention from the malignant transformation from inflammation and treatment of malignant diseases. Abstract There is a clear relationship between inflammatory response and different stages of tumor development. Common inflammation-related carcinogens include viruses, bacteria, and environmental mutagens, such as air pollutants, toxic metals, and ultraviolet light. The expression pattern of ncRNA changes in a variety of disease conditions, including inflammation and cancer. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have a causative role in enhancing inflammatory stimulation and evading immune responses, which are particularly important in persistent pathogen infection and inflammation-to-cancer transformation. In this review, we investigated the mechanism of ncRNA expression imbalance in inflammation-related cancers. A better understanding of the function of inflammation-associated ncRNAs may help to reveal the potential of ncRNAs as a new therapeutic strategy.
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Wang L, Liu LZ, Jiang BH. Dysregulation of microRNAs in metal-induced angiogenesis and carcinogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:279-286. [PMID: 34428550 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate cancer initiation, development, angiogenesis, and therapeutic resistance. Metal exposure widely occurs through air, water, soil, food, and industrial contaminants. Hundreds of millions of people may have metal exposure associated with toxicity, serious health problems, and cancer occurrence. Metal exposure is found to induce oxidative stress, DNA damage and repair, and activation of multiple signaling pathways. However, molecular mechanisms of metal-induced carcinogenesis remain to be elucidated. Recent studies demonstrated that the exposure of metals such as arsenic, hexavalent chromium, cadmium, and nickel caused dysregulation of microRNAs that are implicated to play an important role in cell transformation, tumor growth and angiogenesis. This review focuses on the recent studies that show metal-induced miRNA dysregulation and underlined mechanisms in cell malignant transformation, angiogenesis and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, United States
| | - Ling-Zhi Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, United States.
| | - Bing-Hua Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, United States.
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31
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Zheng W, Ji D, Zhou Y, Yu L, Huang P, Zheng Y, Meng N, Wang H, Bai X, Huang Z, Chen W, Yam JWP, Xu Y, Cui Y. Exosomal non-coding RNAs in Hepatobiliary Cancer: A Rising Star. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1777-1788. [PMID: 34376575 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatobiliary cancers are a heterogeneous group of malignancies with a dismal prognosis. Despite intensive research efforts focused on these tumors, methods for early diagnosis and effective targeted therapies are still lacking. Exosomes, released by most cells, exist in all kinds of body fluids and play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. They are small membranous vesicles containing biological molecules, such as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are not translated into proteins, but they exert effects on the regulation of gene transcription and translation. There is growing evidence for the essential roles of ncRNAs in exosomes in both physiological and pathological conditions of hepatobiliary cancers. They have been identified as sensitive diagnostic biomarkers as well as potential therapeutic targets. The present review discusses recent findings in the crosstalk between hepatobiliary cancers cells and the surrounding cells of the microenvironment and discuss their potential clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyang Zheng
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Daolin Ji
- Forth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Yongxu Zhou
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Liang Yu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Peng Huang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Yuling Zheng
- Department of Pediatric, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Nanfeng Meng
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Hang Wang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma/Cancer Center, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute/Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - ZiYue Huang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Wangming Chen
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Judy W P Yam
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
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32
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Liang Y, Liang N, Ma Y, Tang S, Ye S, Xiao F. Role of Clusterin/NF-κB in the secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype in Cr(VI)-induced premature senescent L-02 hepatocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112343. [PMID: 34020271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and its compounds have caused serious environmental pollution and health damage. Senescent cells can actively change the surrounding environment by secreting some factors, which are called senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Our previous work has confirmed that premature senescent hepatocytes induced by Cr(VI) expressed high level of Clusterin (CLU) and secrete interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8. CLU is involved in the regulation of tumor development and drug resistance, but whether CLU regulates SASP components and participates in Cr(VI)-induced malignant transformation is unclear. In this study we demonstrated that Cr(VI) induced the secretion of tumor promoting components of SASP such as IL-6, IL-8, and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in senescent L-02 hepatocytes, while the levels of the anti-tumor components of SASP such as chemokine (c-x-c motif) ligand-1 (CXCL-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were not altered. CLU shRNA interference significantly reduced the levels of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF in the culture medium of senescent cells, suggesting CLU may regulate SASP. The NF-κB inhibitor PDTC significantly alleviated Cr(VI)-induced increase of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF, confirming that NF-κB can regulate the tumor promoting components of SASP. CLU shRNA interference aggravated the inhibitory effect of PDTC on SASP secretion, indicating that CLU regulated the secretion of SASP in Cr(VI)-induced senescent hepatocytes through the NF-κB signaling. We speculated that SASP secreted by Cr(VI)-induced premature senescent hepatocytes was tightly related to the carcinogenic effect of Cr(VI). Therefore, elucidation of upstream regulatory mechanism of SASP is of great significance. In addition to further clarifying the carcinogenic mechanisms associated with Cr(VI), we could also seek out new targets for treatment of Cr(VI)-related cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Liang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Ningjuan Liang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Yu Ma
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Sixuan Tang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Shuzi Ye
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.
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Mytidou C, Koutsoulidou A, Katsioloudi A, Prokopi M, Kapnisis K, Michailidou K, Anayiotos A, Phylactou LA. Muscle-derived exosomes encapsulate myomiRs and are involved in local skeletal muscle tissue communication. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21279. [PMID: 33484211 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902468rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are released from most cell types encapsulating specific molecular cargo. Exosomes serve as mediators of cell-to-cell and tissue-to-tissue communications under normal and pathological conditions. It has been shown that exosomes carrying muscle-specific miRNAs, myomiRs, are secreted from skeletal muscle cells in vitro and are elevated in the blood of muscle disease patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the secretion of exosomes encapsulating the four myomiRs from skeletal muscle tissues and to assess their role in inter-tissue communication between neighboring skeletal muscles in vivo. We demonstrate, for the first time, that isolated, intact skeletal muscle tissues secrete exosomes encapsulating the four myomiRs, miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-206. Notably, we show that the sorting of the four myomiRs within exosomes varies between skeletal muscles of different muscle fiber-type composition. miR-133a and miR-133b downregulation in TA muscles caused a reduction of their levels in neighboring skeletal muscles and in serum exosomes. In conclusion, our results reveal that skeletal muscle-derived exosomes encapsulate the four myomiRs, some of which enter the blood, while a portion is used for the local communication between proximal muscle tissues. These findings provide important evidence regarding novel pathways implicated in skeletal muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystalla Mytidou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function & Therapy, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andrie Koutsoulidou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function & Therapy, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Marianna Prokopi
- Theramir Ltd, Limassol, Cyprus.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus.,Department of Research and Development, German Oncology Center, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Konstantinos Kapnisis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Biostatistics Unit, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Anayiotos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Leonidas A Phylactou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function & Therapy, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Xin Y, Zefeng K, Ling L, Ruijuan G. Association between NF-kB polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration in a high-altitude population. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251931. [PMID: 34101738 PMCID: PMC8186772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the association between the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) gene polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a high-altitude population. Methods Fifty-five patients with AMD and 57 control subjects were recruited from the Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, China. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood sample of each participant. Four NF-kB polymorphisms (rs3774959, rs3774932, rs3774937, and rs230526) were genotyped using a MassARRAY system. The genotype and allele frequencies were compared between the case and control groups using the chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test. Results There was no significant difference in sex, age, hypertension, diabetes, blood lipid level or smoking and drinking status between the AMD and control groups (P > 0.05). The genotype distributions of four NF-kB polymorphisms were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the control group (P > 0.05). The frequencies of genotype AA of rs3774932 and genotype CC of rs3774937 were nominally significantly higher in the AMD group than in the control group (P = 0.046 and 0.023, respectively), although these associations did not survive the Bonferroni correction (corrected P > 0.05). Genotype distributions of rs3774959 and rs230526 were not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.08 and 0.16, respectively). No significant difference in the allele frequencies of the four polymorphisms was found between the AMD and control groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions Genotype AA of rs3774932 and genotype CC of rs3774937 in NF-kB might be risk factors for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xin
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Kang Zefeng
- Ophthalmic Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (GR); (KZ)
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Guan Ruijuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
- * E-mail: (GR); (KZ)
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Zhang Q, Tian P, Xu H. MicroRNA-155-5p regulates survival of human decidua stromal cells through NF-κB in recurrent miscarriage. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100510. [PMID: 33993032 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent miscarriage (RM) occurs in approximately 1% of all couples trying to conceive. Most of the research about recurrent miscarriage mainly focuses on immunology. However, the roles of microRNAs plays (miRNAs) in RM remain elusive. Here, the function of miR-155-5p in regulating survival of human decidua stromal cells through NF-κB signaling was explored in RM. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results showed that miR-155-5p was downregulated in both decidua tissues and serum from RM patients. While, the ELISA assay revealed that the overexpression of miR-155-5p reduced the inflammatory cytokines secretion including IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 in decidua stromal cells. The results of cell counting Kit8 (CCK-8) and immunofluorescence experiments suggested that transfection of miR-155-5p into decidua stromal cells can promote the growth and proliferation of cells. In addition, overexpression of miR-155-5p can also inhibit the apoptosis of decidua stromal cells. The western blot assay results demonstrated that the miR-155-5p exerted effect mainly through activating NF-κB signaling pathway in RM. In conclusion, the miRNA-155-5p can not only promote the growth and proliferation but also inhibit the apoptosis of decidua stromal cells depending on inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway in recurrent miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430014, China
| | - Ping Tian
- Department of Gynaecology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430014, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430014, China.
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36
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Sorop A, Constantinescu D, Cojocaru F, Dinischiotu A, Cucu D, Dima SO. Exosomal microRNAs as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094997. [PMID: 34066780 PMCID: PMC8125948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the second most common cause of cancer-related death globally. This type of liver cancer is frequently detected at a late stage by current biomarkers because of the high clinical and biological heterogeneity of HCC tumours. From a plethora of molecules and cellular compounds, small nanoparticles with an endosomal origin are valuable cancer biomarkers or cargos for novel treatments. Despite their small sizes, in the range of 40–150 nm, these particles are delimited by a lipid bilayer membrane with a specific lipid composition and carry functional information—RNA, proteins, miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), or DNA fragments. This review summarizes the role of exosomal microRNA (miRNA) species as biomarkers in HCC therapy. After we briefly introduce the exosome biogenesis and the methods of isolation and characterization, we discuss miRNA’s correlation with the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC, either as single miRNA species, or as specific panels with greater clinical impact. We also review the role of exosomal miRNAs in the tumourigenic process and in the cell communication pathways through the delivery of cargos, including proteins or specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Sorop
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (A.S.); (D.C.); (S.O.D.)
- Department DAFAB, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (F.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Diana Constantinescu
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (A.S.); (D.C.); (S.O.D.)
| | - Florentina Cojocaru
- Department DAFAB, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (F.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department DAFAB, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (F.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Dana Cucu
- Department DAFAB, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (F.C.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-728-257-607
| | - Simona Olimpia Dima
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (A.S.); (D.C.); (S.O.D.)
- Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation Center, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022238 Bucharest, Romania
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37
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Chen Q, Li Y, Liu Y, Xu W, Zhu X. Exosomal Non-coding RNAs-Mediated Crosstalk in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:646864. [PMID: 33912560 PMCID: PMC8072401 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.646864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted by different types of cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) and participate in multiple biological processes of tumors. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) enveloped in exosomes and released to the TME are shown to be involved in tumorigenesis and development, as well as act as important intracellular communication mediators. However, the understanding on the exact regulatory functions and substrates of exosomal RNA is still at an early stage. In this review, we provided an overview on recent studies on exosomes mediating the modulation of both tumor cells and immune cells, then summarized the exosomal ncRNAs [such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs)] secreted by tumor cells and stromal cells that exhibited potential capabilities to regulate tumor cell growth, progression, metastasis, drug resistance, and immune response. Our review may hopefully inspire a deeper understanding on the ncRNAs’ function as useful biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and as novel targets therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Oncology and Central Laboratory, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Affiliated People Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yueqin Liu
- Department of Oncology and Central Laboratory, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenlin Xu
- Department of Oncology and Central Laboratory, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Department of Oncology and Central Laboratory, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Reproduction Medicine Center, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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38
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Regulation of Nuclear Factor-KappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway by non-coding RNAs in cancer: Inhibiting or promoting carcinogenesis? Cancer Lett 2021; 509:63-80. [PMID: 33838282 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway is considered as a potential therapeutic target in cancer therapy. It has been well established that transcription factor NF-κB is involved in regulating physiological and pathological events including inflammation, immune response and differentiation. Increasing evidences suggest that deregulated NF-κB signaling can enhance cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and also mediate radio-as well as chemo-resistance. On the contrary, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been found to modulate NF-κB signaling pathway under different settings. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can dually inhibit/induce NF-κB signaling thereby affecting the growth and migration of cancer cells. Furthermore, the response of cancer cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy may also be regulated by miRNAs. Regulation of NF-κB by miRNAs may be mediated via binding to 3/-UTR region. Interestingly, anti-tumor compounds can increase the expression of tumor-suppressor miRNAs in inhibiting NF-κB activation and the progression of cancers. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) can also effectively modulate NF-κB signaling thus affecting tumorigenesis. It is noteworthy that several studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs and circRNAs can affect miRNAs in targeting NF-κB activation. They can act as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) thereby reducing miRNA expression to induce NF-κB activation that can in turn promote cancer progression and malignancy.
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Al Sharif S, Pinto DO, Mensah GA, Dehbandi F, Khatkar P, Kim Y, Branscome H, Kashanchi F. Extracellular Vesicles in HTLV-1 Communication: The Story of an Invisible Messenger. Viruses 2020; 12:E1422. [PMID: 33322043 PMCID: PMC7763366 DOI: 10.3390/v12121422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infects 5-10 million people worldwide and is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) as well as other inflammatory diseases. A major concern is that the most majority of individuals with HTLV-1 are asymptomatic carriers and that there is limited global attention by health care officials, setting up potential conditions for increased viral spread. HTLV-1 transmission occurs primarily through sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, intravenous drug usage, and breast feeding. Currently, there is no cure for HTLV-1 infection and only limited treatment options exist, such as class I interferons (IFN) and Zidovudine (AZT), with poor prognosis. Recently, small membrane-bound structures, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), have received increased attention due to their potential to carry viral cargo (RNA and proteins) in multiple pathogenic infections (i.e., human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1), Zika virus, and HTLV-1). In the case of HTLV-1, EVs isolated from the peripheral blood and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) of HAM/TSP patients contained the viral transactivator protein Tax. Additionally, EVs derived from HTLV-1-infected cells (HTLV-1 EVs) promote functional effects such as cell aggregation which enhance viral spread. In this review, we present current knowledge surrounding EVs and their potential role as immune-modulating agents in cancer and other infectious diseases such as HTLV-1 and HIV-1. We discuss various features of EVs that make them prime targets for possible vehicles of future diagnostics and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (S.A.S.); (D.O.P.); (G.A.M.); (F.D.); (P.K.); (Y.K.); (H.B.)
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40
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Lin B, Zhao H, Li L, Zhang Z, Jiang N, Yang X, Zhang T, Lian B, Liu Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Wang F, Feng D, Xu J. Sirt1 improves heart failure through modulating the NF-κB p65/microRNA-155/BNDF signaling cascade. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:14482-14498. [PMID: 33206628 PMCID: PMC8202895 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) affects over 26 million people worldwide, yet the pathologies of this complex syndrome have not been completely understood. Here, we investigated the involvement of deacetylase Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) in HF and its downstream signaling pathways. A HF model was induced by the ligation of the left coronary artery in rats, where factors associated with left ventricular echocardiography, heart hemodynamics and ventricular mass indexes were recorded. Collagen volume fraction in heart tissues was determined by Masson's trichrome staining. Cell models of HF were also established (H2O2, 30 min) in cardiomyocytes harvested from suckling rats. HF rats presented with downregulated expressions of Sirt1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and exhibited upregulated expressions of NF-κB p65 and miR-155. Repressed Sirt1 expression increased acetylation of NF-κB p65, resulting in the elevation of NF-κB p65 expression. NF-κB p65 silencing improved heart functions, decreased ventricular mass and reduced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. MiR-155 inhibition upregulated its target gene BDNF, thereby reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Sirt1 overexpression upregulated BDNF, improved heart function, and reduced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, Sirt1 alleviates HF in rats through the NF-κB p65/miR-155/BDNF signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Bowen Lian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yaokai Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Deguang Feng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Nie H, He X, Liao Z, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Ou C. The emerging role of super enhancer-derived noncoding RNAs in human cancer. Theranostics 2020; 10:11049-11062. [PMID: 33042269 PMCID: PMC7532672 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Super enhancers (SEs) are large clusters of adjacent enhancers that drive the expression of genes which regulate cellular identity; SE regions can be enriched with a high density of transcription factors, co-factors, and enhancer-associated epigenetic modifications. Through enhanced activation of their target genes, SEs play an important role in various diseases and conditions, including cancer. Recent studies have shown that SEs not only activate the transcriptional expression of coding genes to directly regulate biological functions, but also drive the transcriptional expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) to indirectly regulate biological functions. SE-derived ncRNAs play critical roles in tumorigenesis, including malignant proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, and inflammatory response. Moreover, the abnormal expression of SE-derived ncRNAs is closely related to the clinical and pathological characterization of tumors. In this review, we summarize the functions and roles of SE-derived ncRNAs in tumorigenesis and discuss their prospective applications in tumor therapy. A deeper understanding of the potential mechanism underlying the action of SE-derived ncRNAs in tumorigenesis may provide new strategies for the early diagnosis of tumors and targeted therapy.
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Li J, Xue J, Ling M, Sun J, Xiao T, Dai X, Sun Q, Cheng C, Xia H, Wei Y, Chen F, Liu Q. MicroRNA-15b in extracellular vesicles from arsenite-treated macrophages promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinomas by blocking the LATS1-mediated Hippo pathway. Cancer Lett 2020; 497:137-153. [PMID: 33080309 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic, a human carcinogen, causes various human cancers, including those of the skin, lung, and liver. Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), which have high mortality, are common malignancies worldwide. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are considered to be similar to M2-polarized macrophages, promote tumor invasion and progression. Small non-coding RNAs (miRNAs) regulate expression of genes involved in progression of various malignancies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as mediators of cell communication, pass specific miRNAs directly from TAMs to tumor cells, promoting tumor pathogenesis and metastasis. In HCCs, large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1), functions as a tumor suppressor. However, the molecular mechanism by which miRNA modulates LATS1 expression in HCCs remains unclear. The results show that exposure to arsenite, increased miR-15b levels and induced M2 polarization of THP-1 cells. Elevated levels of miR-15b were transferred from arsenite-treated-THP-1 (As-THP-1) cells to HCC cells via miR-15b in EVs inhibited activation of the Hippo pathway by targeting LATS1, and was involved in promoting the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. In conclusion, miR-15b in EVs from As-THP-1 cells is transferred to HCC cells, in which it targets and downregulates LATS1 expression and promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Xue
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ling
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Xiao
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Dai
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Sun
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xia
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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43
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Covino DA, Kaczor-Urbanowicz KE, Lu J, Chiantore MV, Fiorucci G, Vescio MF, Catapano L, Purificato C, Galluzzo CM, Amici R, Andreotti M, Gauzzi MC, Pellegrini M, Fantuzzi L. Transcriptome Profiling of Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Upon CCL2 Neutralization Reveals an Association Between Activation of Innate Immune Pathways and Restriction of HIV-1 Gene Expression. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2129. [PMID: 33072075 PMCID: PMC7531389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key targets of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and main producers of the proinflammatory chemokine CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), whose expression is induced by HIV-1 both in vitro and in vivo. We previously found that CCL2 neutralization in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) strongly inhibited HIV-1 replication affecting post-entry steps of the viral life cycle. Here, we used RNA-sequencing to deeply characterize the cellular factors and pathways modulated by CCL2 blocking in MDMs and involved in HIV-1 replication restriction. We report that exposure to CCL2 neutralizing antibody profoundly affected the MDM transcriptome. Functional annotation clustering of up-regulated genes identified two clusters enriched for antiviral defense and immune response pathways, comprising several interferon-stimulated, and restriction factor coding genes. Transcripts in the clusters were enriched for RELA and NFKB1 targets, suggesting the activation of the canonical nuclear factor κB pathway as part of a regulatory network involving miR-155 up-regulation. Furthermore, while HIV-1 infection caused small changes to the MDM transcriptome, with no evidence of host defense gene expression and type I interferon signature, CCL2 blocking enabled the activation of a strong host innate response in infected macrophage cultures, and potently inhibited viral genes expression. Notably, an inverse correlation was found between levels of viral transcripts and of the restriction factors APOBEC3A (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 A), ISG15, and MX1. These findings highlight an association between activation of innate immune pathways and HIV-1 restriction upon CCL2 blocking and identify this chemokine as an endogenous factor contributing to the defective macrophage response to HIV-1. Therapeutic targeting of CCL2 may thus strengthen host innate immunity and restrict HIV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Elżbieta Kaczor-Urbanowicz
- UCLA Section of Oral Biology, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research, Center for the Health Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jing Lu
- UCLA Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Gianna Fiorucci
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Catapano
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Purificato
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Amici
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Andreotti
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Pellegrini
- UCLA Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Laura Fantuzzi
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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44
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Yang D, Liu J. Targeting extracellular vesicles-mediated hepatic inflammation as a therapeutic strategy in liver diseases. Liver Int 2020; 40:2064-2073. [PMID: 32593200 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are nano- to micro-sized membranous vesicles that can be produced by normal and diseased cells. As carriers of biologically active molecules including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, EVs mediate cell-to-cell communication and execute diverse functions by delivering their cargoes to specific cell types. Hepatic inflammation caused by virus infection, autoimmunity and malignancy is a common driver of progressive liver fibrosis and permanent liver damage. Emerging evidence has shown that EVs-mediated inflammation as critical player in the progression of liver diseases since they shuttle within the liver as well as between other tissues with inflammatory signals. Therefore, targeting inflammatory EVs could represent a potential therapeutic strategy in liver diseases. Moreover, EVs are emerging as a promising tool for intracellular delivery of therapeutic nucleic acid. In this review, we will discuss not only recent advances on the role of EVs in mediating hepatic inflammation and present strategies for targeted therapy on the context of liver diseases but also the challenging questions that need to be answered in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Microbiology and Immunity Department, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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45
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Hu W, Liu C, Bi ZY, Zhou Q, Zhang H, Li LL, Zhang J, Zhu W, Song YYY, Zhang F, Yang HM, Bi YY, He QQ, Tan GJ, Sun CC, Li DJ. Comprehensive landscape of extracellular vesicle-derived RNAs in cancer initiation, progression, metastasis and cancer immunology. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:102. [PMID: 32503543 PMCID: PMC7273667 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a class of heterogeneous membrane vesicles, are generally divided into exosomes and microvesicles on basis of their origination from the endosomal membrane or the plasma membrane, respectively. EV-mediated bidirectional communication among various cell types supports cancer cell growth and metastasis. EVs derived from different cell types and status have been shown to have distinct RNA profiles, comprising messenger RNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Recently, ncRNAs have attracted great interests in the field of EV-RNA research, and growing numbers of ncRNAs ranging from microRNAs to long ncRNAs have been investigated to reveal their specific functions and underlying mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment and premetastatic niches. Emerging evidence has indicated that EV-RNAs are essential functional cargoes in modulating hallmarks of cancers and in reciprocal crosstalk within tumor cells and between tumor and stromal cells over short and long distance, thereby regulating the initiation, development and progression of cancers. In this review, we discuss current findings regarding EV biogenesis, release and interaction with target cells as well as EV-RNA sorting, and highlight biological roles and molecular mechanisms of EV-ncRNAs in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Yue Bi
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology (Hubei Provincial Academy for Preventive Medicine), Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lin Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Yi-Yan Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Yi Bi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Qiang He
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Gong-Jun Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, 79 Kangning Road, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Cheng-Cao Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - De-Jia Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China. .,Population and Health Research Center, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China.
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46
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Effects of Mycoplasmas on the Host Cell Signaling Pathways. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040308. [PMID: 32331465 PMCID: PMC7238135 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas are the smallest free-living organisms. Reduced sizes of their genomes put constraints on the ability of these bacteria to live autonomously and make them highly dependent on the nutrients produced by host cells. Importantly, at the organism level, mycoplasmal infections may cause pathological changes to the host, including cancer and severe immunological reactions. At the molecular level, mycoplasmas often activate the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) inflammatory response and concomitantly inhibit the p53-mediated response, which normally triggers the cell cycle and apoptosis. Thus, mycoplasmal infections may be considered as cancer-associated factors. At the same time, mycoplasmas through their membrane lipoproteins (LAMPs) along with lipoprotein derivatives (lipopeptide MALP-2, macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2) are able to modulate anti-inflammatory responses via nuclear translocation and activation of Nrf2 (the nuclear factor-E2-related anti-inflammatory transcription factor 2). Thus, interactions between mycoplasmas and host cells are multifaceted and depend on the cellular context. In this review, we summarize the current information on the role of mycoplasmas in affecting the host’s intracellular signaling mediated by the interactions between transcriptional factors p53, Nrf2, and NF-κB. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying pathologic processes associated with reprogramming eukaryotic cells that arise during the mycoplasma-host cell interaction should facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches to treat oncogenic and inflammatory processes.
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Galley JD, Besner GE. The Therapeutic Potential of Breast Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030745. [PMID: 32168961 PMCID: PMC7146576 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, interest in the therapeutic benefits of exosomes and extracellular vesicles (EVs) has grown exponentially. Exosomes/EVs are small particles which are produced and exocytosed by cells throughout the body. They are loaded with active regulatory and stimulatory molecules from the parent cell including miRNAs and enzymes, making them prime targets in therapeutics and diagnostics. Breast milk, known for years to have beneficial health effects, contains a population of EVs which may mediate its therapeutic effects. This review offers an update on the therapeutic potential of exosomes/EVs in disease, with a focus on EVs present in human breast milk and their remedial effect in the gastrointestinal disease necrotizing enterocolitis. Additionally, the relationship between EV miRNAs, health, and disease will be examined, along with the potential for EVs and their miRNAs to be engineered for targeted treatments.
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48
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Chen X, Wang Z, Tong F, Dong X, Wu G, Zhang R. lncRNA UCA1 Promotes Gefitinib Resistance as a ceRNA to Target FOSL2 by Sponging miR-143 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 19:643-653. [PMID: 31951852 PMCID: PMC6965519 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes could mediate cell-cell crosstalk in cancer progression by transferring long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). The aim of this study is to explore the roles of the exosomal lncRNA urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) on gefitinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). First, we detected the expression of UCA1 in gefitinib-resistant and gefitinib-sensitive NSCLC by quantitative real-time PCR; the expression occurred in tissues, cell lines, and exosomes. Cell phenotypes and animal experiments were performed to determine the effects of UCA1 and exosomal UCA1. Furthermore, bioinformatics online programs and luciferase reporter assay were used to validate the association of UCA1 and miR-143 in NSCLC cells. We observed that UCA1 was increased in both gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells and their secreted exosomes. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that UCA1 knockdown impaired cell proliferation and promoted the gefitinib-induced cell apoptosis. Then we demonstrated that repressed UCA1 promoted the miR-143 expression, and miR-143 could bind to the predicted binding site of UCA1. We then dissected the effect of miR-143 on gefitinib resistance in NSCLC and proved the suppressive role of miR-143. Furthermore, we found that miR-143 displayed its role via modulating the FOSL2 expression. In summary, our findings indicate that exosomal UCA1 may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor-positive (EGFR+) NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliu Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fan Tong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaorong Dong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ruiguang Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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49
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Rokad D, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Exosomes as Mediators of Chemical-Induced Toxicity. Curr Environ Health Rep 2020; 6:73-79. [PMID: 31102182 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-019-00233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides information regarding how exosomes may contribute to environmental chemical-induced pathogenesis of chronic diseases. In connecting exosome biology to environmental toxicology and disease pathogenesis, we address vital questions regarding what constitutes exosomal cargo, how toxicants influence exosomal cargo, and how environmental stimuli influence exosomal physiological and pathological functions. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies in the field demonstrate that exosomal cargo changes depending on external stimuli, which has consequences for the microenvironment of recipient cells. Based on recent findings, it is evident that exosomal cargo comprises various biological molecules including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipid molecules. Misfolded proteins and miRNA are examples of exosomal cargo molecules that can be altered by toxicants, ultimately changing the microenvironment of recipient cells in ways that are conducive to pathological processes. It will be crucial to map out the key signaling pathways that toxicants target to modulate exosomal cargo and their release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmin Rokad
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 1222 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Huajun Jin
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 1222 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 1222 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 1222 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 1222 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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50
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Saikosaponin d downregulates microRNA-155 and upregulates FGF2 to improve depression-like behaviors in rats induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress by negatively regulating NF-κB. Brain Res Bull 2020; 157:69-76. [PMID: 31926302 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Saikosaponin d (SSd) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used in depression treatment. Given the lack of studies demonstrating the underlying mechanism of action of SSd in depression, the presented study was conducted with aims of investigating the effect of SSd on rats with depression-like behaviors induced by unpredicted chronic mild stress (UCMS) and its underlying molecular mechanism. To investigate the effect of SSd on depression, rat models with depression-like behaviors were established through 3-week exposure to UCMS, followed by administration of 10 mg/kg fluoxetine, 0.75 mg/kg SSd, 1.50 mg/kg SSd, or 10 mg/kg caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). The depression-like behaviors of rats were evaluated by sucrose preference test, open field test, forced swimming test, and tail suspension test. Afterwards, the regulatory relationship among nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), microRNA (miR)-155 and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) were detected by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and ChIP. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the expression of genes and proteins. Finally, hippocampal neurons were extracted from modeled rats and transfected with miR-155 mimic, miR-155 inhibitor, NF-κB overexpression plasmid, or siRNA against NF-κB. The results showed that the depression-like behaviors induced by UCMS in rats was successfully attenuated by SSd. In hippocampal neurons of rats treated with SSd, NF-κB was significantly downregulated while FGF2 was significantly upregulated. NF-κB targets miR-155 and negatively regulates the expression of FGF2. NF-κB knockdown resulted in reduced depression-like behaviors of rats. These findings provide evidence that SSd could ameliorate depression-like behaviors in the rats treated with UCMS by downregulating NF-κB and miR-155, and upregulating FGF2.
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