1
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Morales-Gallel R, Ulloa-Navas MJ, García-Tárraga P, Prat-Acín R, Reynés G, Pérez-Borredá P, Rubio L, Capilla-González V, Ferrer-Lozano J, García-Verdugo JM. BCAS1 defines a heterogeneous cell population in diffuse gliomas. Oncotarget 2024; 15:49-64. [PMID: 38275289 PMCID: PMC10812236 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor markers have become of great interest to identify new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for diffuse gliomas, since state-of-the-art studies point towards immature oligodendrocytes as a possible source of gliomagenesis. Brain enriched myelin associated protein 1 (BCAS1) is a novel marker of immature oligodendrocytes and was proposed to contribute to tumorigenesis in non-central nervous system tumors. However, BCAS1 role in diffuse glioma is still underexplored. This study analyzes the expression of BCAS1 in different tumor samples from patients with diffuse gliomas (17 oligodendrogliomas; 8 astrocytomas; 60 glioblastomas) and uncovers the molecular and ultrastructural features of BCAS1+ cells by immunostaining and electron microscopy. Our results show that BCAS1+ cells exhibit stellate or spherical morphology with similar ultrastructural features. Stellate and spherical cells were detected as isolated cells in all studied gliomas. Nevertheless, only stellate cells were found to be proliferative and formed tightly packed nodules with a highly proliferative rate in oligodendrogliomas. Our findings provide a comprehensive characterization of the BCAS1+ cell population within diffuse gliomas. The observed proliferative capacity and distribution of BCAS1+ stellate cells, particularly in oligodendrogliomas, highlight BCAS1 as an interesting marker, warranting further investigation into its role in tumor malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Morales-Gallel
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Institute Cavanilles of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia-CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - María José Ulloa-Navas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Patricia García-Tárraga
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Institute Cavanilles of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia-CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Prat-Acín
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gaspar Reynés
- Group of Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Health Research Institute Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Pérez-Borredá
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Rubio
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vivian Capilla-González
- Department of Integrative Pathophysiology and Therapies, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Jaime Ferrer-Lozano
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Institute Cavanilles of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia-CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
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2
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Rahban M, Joushi S, Bashiri H, Saso L, Sheibani V. Characterization of prevalent tyrosine kinase inhibitors and their challenges in glioblastoma treatment. Front Chem 2024; 11:1325214. [PMID: 38264122 PMCID: PMC10804459 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1325214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive malignant primary tumor in the central nervous system. Despite extensive efforts in radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and neurosurgery, there remains an inadequate level of improvement in treatment outcomes. The development of large-scale genomic and proteomic analysis suggests that GBMs are characterized by transcriptional heterogeneity, which is responsible for therapy resistance. Hence, knowledge about the genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity of GBM is crucial for developing effective treatments for this aggressive form of brain cancer. Tyrosine kinases (TKs) can act as signal transducers, regulate important cellular processes like differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and metabolism. Therefore, TK inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed to specifically target these kinases. TKIs are categorized into allosteric and non-allosteric inhibitors. Irreversible inhibitors form covalent bonds, which can lead to longer-lasting effects. However, this can also increase the risk of off-target effects and toxicity. The development of TKIs as therapeutics through computer-aided drug design (CADD) and bioinformatic techniques enhance the potential to improve patients' survival rates. Therefore, the continued exploration of TKIs as drug targets is expected to lead to even more effective and specific therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdie Rahban
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Joushi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamideh Bashiri
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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3
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Yoshida K, Chambers JK, Nibe K, Kagawa Y, Uchida K. Immunohistochemical analyses of neural stem cell lineage markers in normal feline brains and glial tumors. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:46-57. [PMID: 37358305 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231182337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) lineage cells have not been fully identified in feline brains, and the NSC-like nature of feline glial tumors has not been determined. In this study, 6 normal cat brains (3 newborn and 3 older cats) and 13 feline glial tumors were analyzed using immunohistochemical NSC lineage markers. The feline glial tumors were subjected to immunohistochemical scoring followed by hierarchical cluster analysis. In newborn brains, glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP)/nestin/sex-determining region Y-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2)-immunopositive NSCs, SOX2-immunopositive intermediate progenitor cells, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2)/platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFR-α)-immunopositive oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), OLIG2/GFAP-immunopositive immature astrocytes, and neuronal nuclear (NeuN)/β-3 tubulin-immunopositive mature neuronal cells were observed. The apical membrane of NSCs was also immunopositive for Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1). In mature brains, the NSC lineage cells were similar to those of the newborn brains. A total of 13 glial tumors consisted of 2 oligodendrogliomas, 4 astrocytomas, 3 subependymomas, and 4 ependymomas. Astrocytomas, subependymomas, and ependymomas were immunopositive for GFAP, nestin, and SOX2. Subependymomas and ependymomas showed dot-like or apical membrane immunolabeling for NHERF1, respectively. Astrocytomas were immunopositive for OLIG2. Oligodendrogliomas and subependymomas were immunopositive for OLIG2 and PDGFR-α. Feline glial tumors also showed variable immunolabeling for β-3 tubulin, NeuN, and synaptophysin. Based on these results, feline astrocytomas, subependymomas, and ependymomas appear to have an NSC-like immunophenotype. In addition, astrocytomas, subependymomas, and ependymomas have the characteristics of glial, oligodendrocyte precursor, and ependymal cells, respectively. Feline oligodendrogliomas likely have an OPC-like immunophenotype. In addition, feline glial tumors may have multipotential stemness for differentiation into neuronal cells. These preliminary results should be validated by gene expression analyses in future studies with larger case numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kazumi Nibe
- FUJIFILM VET Systems Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Hu Y, Li Z, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Liu Z, Zeng J, Hao Z, Li J, Ren J, Yao M. The Evolution of Tumor Microenvironment in Gliomas and Its Implication for Target Therapy. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4311-4326. [PMID: 37705736 PMCID: PMC10496508 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.83531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas develop in unique and complicated environments that nourish tumor cells. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of gliomas comprises heterogeneous cells, including brain-resident cells, immune cells, and vascular cells. Reciprocal interactions among these cells are involved in the evolution of the TME. Moreover, the study of attractive therapeutic strategies that target the TME is transitioning from basic research to the clinic. Mouse models are indispensable tools for dissecting the processes and mechanisms leading to TME evolution. In this review, we overview the paradoxical roles of the TME, as well as the recent progress of mouse models in TME research. Finally, we summarize recent advances in TME-targeting therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Zhixing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Yuzheng Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Jianhao Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Zhexue Hao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Jin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Maojin Yao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510182, China
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5
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Laurenge A, Huillard E, Bielle F, Idbaih A. Cell of Origin of Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1394:85-101. [PMID: 36587383 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14732-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of cellular and molecular biology of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors is a critical step toward the design of innovative treatments. In addition to improving knowledge, identification of the cell of origin in tumors allows for sharp and efficient targeting of specific tumor cells promoting and driving oncogenic processes. The World Health Organization identifies approximately 150 primary brain tumor subtypes with various ontogeny and clinical outcomes. Identification of the cell of origin of each tumor type with its lineage and differentiation level is challenging. In the current chapter, we report the suspected cell of origin of various CNS primary tumors including gliomas, glioneuronal tumors, medulloblastoma, meningioma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, germinomas, and lymphoma. Most of them have been pinpointed through transgenic mouse models and analysis of molecular signatures of tumors. Identification of the cell or cells of origin in primary brain tumors will undoubtedly open new therapeutic avenues, including the reactivation of differentiation programs for therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Laurenge
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Huillard
- INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bielle
- AP-HP, SIRIC CURAMUS, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de La Moelle Épinière, ICM, Service de Neuropathologie Escourolle, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 75013, Paris, France.
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6
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Wu F, Yin YY, Fan WH, Zhai Y, Yu MC, Wang D, Pan CQ, Zhao Z, Li GZ, Zhang W. Immunological profiles of human oligodendrogliomas define two distinct molecular subtypes. EBioMedicine 2022; 87:104410. [PMID: 36525723 PMCID: PMC9772571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human oligodendroglioma presents as a heterogeneous disease, primarily characterized by the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion. Therapy development for this tumor is hindered by incomplete knowledge of somatic driving alterations and suboptimal disease classification. We herein aim to identify intrinsic molecular subtypes through integrated analysis of transcriptome, genome and methylome. METHODS 137 oligodendroglioma patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset were collected for unsupervised clustering analysis of immune gene expression profiles and comparative analysis of genome and methylome. Two independent datasets containing 218 patients were used for validation. FINDINGS We identified and independently validated two reproducible subtypes associated with distinct molecular characteristics and clinical outcomes. The proliferative subtype, named Oligo1, was characterized by more tumors of CNS WHO grade 3, as well as worse prognosis compared to the Oligo2 subtype. Besides the clinicopathologic features, Oligo1 exhibited enrichment of cell proliferation, regulation of cell cycle and Wnt signaling pathways, and significantly altered genes, such as EGFR, NOTCH1 and MET. In contrast, Oligo2, with favorable outcome, presented increased activation of immune response and metabolic process. Higher T cell/APC co-inhibition and inhibitory checkpoint levels were observed in Oligo2 tumors. Finally, multivariable analysis revealed our classification was an independent prognostic factor in oligodendrogliomas, and the robustness of these molecular subgroups was verified in the validation cohorts. INTERPRETATION This study provides further insights into patient stratification as well as presents opportunities for therapeutic development in human oligodendrogliomas. FUNDING The funders are listed in the Acknowledgement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA), Beijing, 100070, China,Corresponding author. Nan Si Huan Xi Lu 119, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China.
| | - Yi-Yun Yin
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA), Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Wen-Hua Fan
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA), Beijing, 100070, China
| | - You Zhai
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA), Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Ming-Chen Yu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA), Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA), Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Chang-Qing Pan
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA), Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA), Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Guan-Zhang Li
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA), Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA), Beijing, 100070, China,Corresponding author. Nan Si Huan Xi Lu 119, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China.
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7
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Zhuang Q, Yang H, Mao Y. The Oncogenesis of Glial Cells in Diffuse Gliomas and Clinical Opportunities. Neurosci Bull 2022; 39:393-408. [PMID: 36229714 PMCID: PMC10043159 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common and lethal intrinsic primary tumor of the brain. Its controversial origins may contribute to its heterogeneity, creating challenges and difficulties in the development of therapies. Among the components constituting tumors, glioma stem cells are highly plastic subpopulations that are thought to be the site of tumor initiation. Neural stem cells/progenitor cells and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells are possible lineage groups populating the bulk of the tumor, in which gene mutations related to cell-cycle or metabolic enzymes dramatically affect this transformation. Novel approaches have revealed the tumor-promoting properties of distinct tumor cell states, glial, neural, and immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment. Communication between tumor cells and other normal cells manipulate tumor progression and influence sensitivity to therapy. Here, we discuss the heterogeneity and relevant functions of tumor cell state, microglia, monocyte-derived macrophages, and neurons in glioma, highlighting their bilateral effects on tumors. Finally, we describe potential therapeutic approaches and targets beyond standard treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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8
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Li Y, Qin Q, Zhang Y, Cao Y. Noninvasive Determination of the IDH Status of Gliomas Using MRI and MRI-Based Radiomics: Impact on Diagnosis and Prognosis. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:6893-6907. [PMID: 36290819 PMCID: PMC9600456 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29100542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults. The fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, published in 2021, provided molecular and practical approaches to CNS tumor taxonomy. Currently, molecular features are essential for differentiating the histological subtypes of gliomas, and recent studies have emphasized the importance of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in stratifying biologically distinct subgroups of gliomas. IDH plays a significant role in gliomagenesis, and the association of IDH status with prognosis is very clear. Recently, there has been much progress in conventional MR imaging (cMRI), advanced MR imaging (aMRI), and radiomics, which are widely used in the study of gliomas. These advances have resulted in an improved correlation between MR signs and IDH mutation status, which will complement the prediction of the IDH phenotype. Although imaging cannot currently substitute for genetic tests, imaging findings have shown promising signs of diagnosing glioma subtypes and evaluating the efficacy and prognosis of individualized molecular targeted therapy. This review focuses on the correlation between MRI and MRI-based radiomics and IDH gene-phenotype prediction, discussing the value and application of these techniques in the diagnosis and evaluation of the prognosis of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuandong Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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Anastasaki C, Chatterjee J, Cobb O, Sanapala S, Scheaffer SM, De Andrade Costa A, Wilson AF, Kernan CM, Zafar AH, Ge X, Garbow JR, Rodriguez FJ, Gutmann DH. Human induced pluripotent stem cell engineering establishes a humanized mouse platform for pediatric low-grade glioma modeling. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:120. [PMID: 35986378 PMCID: PMC9392324 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A major obstacle to identifying improved treatments for pediatric low-grade brain tumors (gliomas) is the inability to reproducibly generate human xenografts. To surmount this barrier, we leveraged human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) engineering to generate low-grade gliomas (LGGs) harboring the two most common pediatric pilocytic astrocytoma-associated molecular alterations, NF1 loss and KIAA1549:BRAF fusion. Herein, we identified that hiPSC-derived neuroglial progenitor populations (neural progenitors, glial restricted progenitors and oligodendrocyte progenitors), but not terminally differentiated astrocytes, give rise to tumors retaining LGG histologic features for at least 6 months in vivo. Additionally, we demonstrated that hiPSC-LGG xenograft formation requires the absence of CD4 T cell-mediated induction of astrocytic Cxcl10 expression. Genetic Cxcl10 ablation is both necessary and sufficient for human LGG xenograft development, which additionally enables the successful long-term growth of patient-derived pediatric LGGs in vivo. Lastly, MEK inhibitor (PD0325901) treatment increased hiPSC-LGG cell apoptosis and reduced proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, this study establishes a tractable experimental humanized platform to elucidate the pathogenesis of and potential therapeutic opportunities for childhood brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Anastasaki
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jit Chatterjee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Olivia Cobb
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shilpa Sanapala
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Suzanne M Scheaffer
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Amanda De Andrade Costa
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anna F Wilson
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Chloe M Kernan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ameera H Zafar
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xia Ge
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joel R Garbow
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Fausto J Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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10
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Gomez-Pinedo U, Matías-Guiu JA, Torre-Fuentes L, Montero-Escribano P, Hernández-Lorenzo L, Pytel V, Maietta P, Alvarez S, Sanclemente-Alamán I, Moreno-Jimenez L, Ojeda-Hernandez D, Villar-Gómez N, Benito-Martin MS, Selma-Calvo B, Vidorreta-Ballesteros L, Madrid R, Matías-Guiu J. Variant rs4149584 (R92Q) of the TNFRSF1A gene in patients with familial multiple sclerosis. Neurologia 2022:S2173-5808(22)00087-6. [PMID: 35963536 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genomic studies have identified numerous genetic variants associated with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS); however, each one explains only a small percentage of the risk of developing the disease. These variants are located in genes involved in specific pathways, which supports the hypothesis that the risk of developing MS may be linked to alterations in these pathways, rather than in specific genes. We analyzed the role of the TNFRSF1A gene, which encodes one of the TNF-α receptors involved in a signaling pathway previously linked to autoimmune disease. METHODS We included 138 individuals from 23 families including at least 2 members with MS, and analyzed the presence of exonic variants of TNFRSF1A through whole-exome sequencing. We also conducted a functional study to analyze the pathogenic mechanism of variant rs4149584 (-g.6442643C > G, NM_001065.4:c.362 G > A, R92Q) by plasmid transfection into human oligodendroglioma (HOG) cells, which behave like oligodendrocyte lineage cells; protein labeling was used to locate the protein within cells. We also analyzed the ability of transfected HOG cells to proliferate and differentiate into oligodendrocytes. RESULTS Variant rs4149584 was found in 2 patients with MS (3.85%), one patient with another autoimmune disease (7.6%), and in 5 unaffected individuals (7.46%). The 2 patients with MS and variant rs4149584 were homozygous carriers and belonged to the same family, whereas the remaining individuals presented the variant in heterozygosis. The study of HOG cells transfected with the mutation showed that the protein does not reach the cell membrane, but rather accumulates in the cytoplasm, particularly in the endoplasmic reticulum and near the nucleus; this suggests that, in the cells presenting the mutation, TNFRSF1 does not act as a transmembrane protein, which may alter its signaling pathway. The study of cell proliferation and differentiation found that transfected cells continue to be able to differentiate into oligodendrocytes and are probably still capable of producing myelin, although they present a lower rate of proliferation than wild-type cells. CONCLUSIONS Variant rs4149584 is associated with risk of developing MS. We analyzed its functional role in oligodendrocyte lineage cells and found an association with MS in homozygous carriers. However, the associated molecular alterations do not influence the differentiation into oligodendrocytes; we were therefore unable to confirm whether this variant alone is pathogenic in MS, at least in heterozygosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Gomez-Pinedo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J A Matías-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Torre-Fuentes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Montero-Escribano
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Hernández-Lorenzo
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Pytel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - I Sanclemente-Alamán
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Moreno-Jimenez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Ojeda-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Villar-Gómez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M S Benito-Martin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Selma-Calvo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Vidorreta-Ballesteros
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J Matías-Guiu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Berger ND, Brownlee PM, Chen MJ, Morrison H, Osz K, Ploquin NP, Chan JA, Goodarzi AA. High replication stress and limited Rad51-mediated DNA repair capacity, but not oxidative stress, underlie oligodendrocyte precursor cell radiosensitivity. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac012. [PMID: 35425901 PMCID: PMC9004414 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cranial irradiation is part of the standard of care for treating pediatric brain tumors. However, ionizing radiation can trigger serious long-term neurologic sequelae, including oligodendrocyte and brain white matter loss enabling neurocognitive decline in children surviving brain cancer. Oxidative stress-mediated oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) radiosensitivity has been proposed as a possible explanation for this. Here, however, we demonstrate that antioxidants fail to improve OPC viability after irradiation, despite suppressing oxidative stress, suggesting an alternative etiology for OPC radiosensitivity. Using systematic approaches, we find that OPCs have higher irradiation-induced and endogenous γH2AX foci compared to neural stem cells, neurons, astrocytes and mature oligodendrocytes, and these correlate with replication-associated DNA double strand breakage. Furthermore, OPCs are reliant upon ATR kinase and Mre11 nuclease-dependent processes for viability, are more sensitive to drugs increasing replication fork collapse, and display synthetic lethality with PARP inhibitors after irradiation. This suggests an insufficiency for homology-mediated DNA repair in OPCs—a model that is supported by evidence of normal RPA but reduced RAD51 filament formation at resected lesions in irradiated OPCs. We therefore propose a DNA repair-centric mechanism of OPC radiosensitivity, involving chronically-elevated replication stress combined with ‘bottlenecks’ in RAD51-dependent DNA repair that together reduce radiation resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Daniel Berger
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter M Brownlee
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Myra J Chen
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hali Morrison
- Department of Oncology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Katalin Osz
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicolas P Ploquin
- Department of Oncology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aaron A Goodarzi
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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12
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PT109, a novel multi-kinase inhibitor suppresses glioblastoma multiforme through cell reprogramming: Involvement of PTBP1/PKM1/2 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 920:174837. [PMID: 35218719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent type and lethal form of primary malignant brain tumor, accounting for about 40-50% of intracranial tumors and without effective treatments now. Cell reprogramming is one of the emerging treatment approaches for GBM, which can reprogram glioblastomas into non-tumor cells to achieve therapeutic effects. However, anti-GBM drugs through reprogramming can only provide limited symptom relief, and cannot completely cure GBM. Here we showed that PT109, a novel multi-kinase inhibitor, suppressed GBM's proliferation, colony formation, migration and reprogramed GBM into oligodendrocytes. Analysis of quantitative proteomics data after PT109 administration of human GBM cells showed significant influence of energy metabolism, cell cycle, and immune system processes of GBM-associated protein. Metabolomics analysis showed that PT109 improved the aerobic respiration process in glioma cells. Meanwhile, we found that PT109 could significantly increase the ratio of Pyruvate kinase M1/2 (PKM1/2) by reducing the level of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1). Altogether, this work developed a novel anti-GBM small molecule PT109, which reprogramed GBM into oligodendrocytes and changed the metabolic pattern of GBM through the PTBP1/PKM1/2 pathway, providing a new strategy for the development of anti-glioma drugs.
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13
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Mahmoud AB, Ajina R, Aref S, Darwish M, Alsayb M, Taher M, AlSharif SA, Hashem AM, Alkayyal AA. Advances in immunotherapy for glioblastoma multiforme. Front Immunol 2022; 13:944452. [PMID: 36311781 PMCID: PMC9597698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.944452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor of the central nervous system and has a very poor prognosis. The current standard of care for patients with GBM involves surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Unfortunately, conventional therapies have not resulted in significant improvements in the survival outcomes of patients with GBM; therefore, the overall mortality rate remains high. Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that helps the immune system to fight cancer and has shown success in different types of aggressive cancers. Recently, healthcare providers have been actively investigating various immunotherapeutic approaches to treat GBM. We reviewed the most promising immunotherapy candidates for glioblastoma that have achieved encouraging results in clinical trials, focusing on immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, nonreplicating viral vectors, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Strategic Research and Innovation Laboratories, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud, ; Almohanad A. Alkayyal,
| | - Reham Ajina
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Aref
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar Darwish
- Strategic Research and Innovation Laboratories, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Alsayb
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Taher
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Strategic Research and Innovation Laboratories, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaker A. AlSharif
- King Fahad Hospital, Ministry of Health, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M. Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almohanad A. Alkayyal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Immunology Research Program, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud, ; Almohanad A. Alkayyal,
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14
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Intranasal Administration of Undifferentiated Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells as a Potential Approach to Deliver Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells into Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910738. [PMID: 34639079 PMCID: PMC8509516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) migration is a mechanism involved in remyelination; these cells migrate from niches in the adult CNS. However, age and disease reduce the pool of OPCs; as a result, the remyelination capacity of the CNS decreases over time. Several experimental studies have introduced OPCs to the brain via direct injection or intrathecal administration. In this study, we used the nose-to brain pathway to deliver oligodendrocyte lineage cells (human oligodendroglioma (HOG) cells), which behave similarly to OPCs in vitro. To this end, we administered GFP-labelled HOG cells intranasally to experimental animals, which were subsequently euthanised at 30 or 60 days. Our results show that the intranasal route is a viable route to the CNS and that HOG cells administered intranasally migrate preferentially to niches of OPCs (clusters created during embryonic development and adult life). Our study provides evidence, albeit limited, that HOG cells either form clusters or adhere to clusters of OPCs in the brains of experimental animals.
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15
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Liu R, Jia Y, Guo P, Jiang W, Bai R, Liu C. In Vivo Clonal Analysis Reveals Development Heterogeneity of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Derived from Distinct Germinal Zones. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102274. [PMID: 34396711 PMCID: PMC8529438 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence supports that oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) play important roles in maintaining the integrity of normal brains, and that their dysfunction is the etiology of numerous severe neurological diseases. OPCs exhibit diverse heterogeneity in the adult brain, and distinct germinal zones of the embryonic brain contribute to OPC genesis. However, it remains obscure whether developmental origins shape OPC heterogeneity in the adult brain. Here, an in vivo clonal analysis approach is developed to address this. By combining OPC-specific transgenes, in utero electroporation, and the PiggyBac transposon system, the lineages of individual neonatal OPCs derived from either dorsal or ventral embryonic germinal zones are traced, and the landscape of their trajectories is comprehensively described throughout development. Surprisingly, despite behaving indistinguishably in the brain before weaning, dorsally derived OPCs continuously expand throughout life, but ventrally derived OPCs eventually diminish. Importantly, clonal analysis supports the existence of an intrinsic cellular "clock" to control OPC expansion. Moreover, knockout of NF1 could circumvent the distinction of ventrally derived OPCs in the adult brain. Together, this work shows the importance of in vivo clonal analysis in studying stem/progenitor cell heterogeneity, and reveals that developmental origins play a role in determining OPC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurosurgery of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058P.R. China
- Department of Pathology and PathophysiologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058P.R. China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyMOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain‐machine IntegrationSchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058P.R. China
- School of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhouZhejiang310015P.R. China
| | - Yinhang Jia
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of The Affiliated Sir Run Shumen Shaw HospitalInterdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and TechnologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310029P.R. China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Pathology and PathophysiologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058P.R. China
| | - Wenhong Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurosurgery of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058P.R. China
- Department of Pathology and PathophysiologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058P.R. China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyMOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain‐machine IntegrationSchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058P.R. China
- School of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhouZhejiang310015P.R. China
| | - Ruiliang Bai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of The Affiliated Sir Run Shumen Shaw HospitalInterdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and TechnologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310029P.R. China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurosurgery of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058P.R. China
- Department of Pathology and PathophysiologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058P.R. China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyMOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain‐machine IntegrationSchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058P.R. China
- School of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhouZhejiang310015P.R. China
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16
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Mockenhaupt K, Gonsiewski A, Kordula T. RelB and Neuroinflammation. Cells 2021; 10:1609. [PMID: 34198987 PMCID: PMC8307460 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation within the central nervous system involves multiple cell types that coordinate their responses by secreting and responding to a plethora of inflammatory mediators. These factors activate multiple signaling cascades to orchestrate initial inflammatory response and subsequent resolution. Activation of NF-κB pathways in several cell types is critical during neuroinflammation. In contrast to the well-studied role of p65 NF-κB during neuroinflammation, the mechanisms of RelB activation in specific cell types and its roles during neuroinflammatory response are less understood. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of RelB activation in specific cell types of the CNS and the specialized effects this transcription factor exerts during neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomasz Kordula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VI 23298, USA; (K.M.); (A.G.)
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17
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Milde T, Rodriguez FJ, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Patil N, Eberhart CG, Gutmann DH. Reimagining Pilocytic Astrocytomas in the Context of Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:1634-1646. [PMID: 34131743 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) are the most common brain tumor in children, and are associated with life-long clinical morbidity. Relative to their high-grade adult counterparts or other malignant childhood brain tumors, there is a paucity of authenticated preclinical models for these pediatric low-grade gliomas and an incomplete understanding of their molecular and cellular pathogenesis. While large scale genomic profiling efforts have identified the majority of pathogenic driver mutations, which converge on the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, it is now appreciated that these events may not be sufficient by themselves for gliomagenesis and clinical progression. In light of the recent World Health Organization reclassification of pLGGs, and pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) in particular, we review our current understanding of these pediatric brain tumors, provide a conceptual framework for future mechanistic studies, and outline the challenges and pressing needs for the pLGG clinical and research communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Milde
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fausto J Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland OH, USA.,University Hospitals, Cleveland OH, USA.,Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), Hinsdale, IL, USA
| | - Nirav Patil
- University Hospitals, Cleveland OH, USA.,Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), Hinsdale, IL, USA
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA
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Guo X, Wang T, Huang G, Li R, Da Costa C, Li H, Lv S, Li N. Rediscovering potential molecular targets for glioma therapy through the analysis of the cell of origin, microenvironment, and metabolism. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:558-574. [PMID: 33949933 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210504091722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common type of malignant brain tumors. Despite significant medical advances, gliomas remain incurable and are associated with high mortality. Although numerous biomarkers of diagnostic value have been identified and significant progress in the prognosis of the outcome has been made, the treatment has not been parallelly improved during the last three decades. This review summarizes and discusses three aspects of recent discoveries related to glioma, with the objective to highlight the advantages of glioma-specific drugs targeting the cell of origin, microenvironment, and metabolism. Given the heterogeneous nature of gliomas, various cell populations have been implicated as likely sources of the tumor. Depending on the mutation(s) acquired by the cells, it is believed that neuronal stem/progenitor cells, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, mature neurons, and glial cells can initiate cell transformation into a malignant phenotype. The level of tumorigenicity appears to be inversely correlated with the maturation of a given cell population. The microenvironment of gliomas includes non-cancer cells such as immune cells, fibroblasts, and cells of blood vessels, as well as secreted molecules and the extracellular matrix, and all these components play a vital role during tumor initiation and progression. We will discuss in detail how the tumor microenvironment can stimulate and drive the transformation of non-tumor cell populations into tumor-supporting cells or glioma cells. Metabolic reprogramming is a key feature of gliomas and is thought to reflect the adaptation to the increased nutritional requirements of tumor cell proliferation, growth, and survival. Mutations in the IDH gene can shape metabolic reprogramming and may generate some vulnerabilities in glioma cells, such as abnormal lipid metabolism and sensitivity to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). We will analyze the prominent metabolic features of malignant gliomas and the key pathways regulating glioma metabolism. This review is intended to provide a conceptual background for the development of glioma therapies based on the properties of tumor cell populations, microenvironment, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Guo
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), No.628, Zhenyuan Rd, Guangming Dist., Shenzhen 518107. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), No.628, Zhenyuan Rd, Guangming Dist., Shenzhen 518107. China
| | - Guohao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 183 Xinqiao Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City 400037. China
| | - Ruohan Li
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), No.628, Zhenyuan Rd, Guangming Dist., Shenzhen 518107. China
| | - Clive Da Costa
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT. United Kingdom
| | - Huafu Li
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), No.628, Zhenyuan Rd, Guangming Dist., Shenzhen 518107. China
| | - Shengqing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 183 Xinqiao Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City 400037. China
| | - Ningning Li
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), No.628, Zhenyuan Rd, Guangming Dist., Shenzhen 518107. China
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19
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Sutcliffe MD, Galvao RP, Wang L, Kim J, Rosenfeld LK, Singh S, Zong H, Janes KA. Premalignant Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Stall in a Heterogeneous State of Replication Stress Prior to Gliomagenesis. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1868-1882. [PMID: 33531372 PMCID: PMC8137536 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer evolves from premalignant clones that adopt unusual cell states to achieve transformation. We previously pinpointed the oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) as a cell of origin for glioma, but the early changes of mutant OPCs during premalignancy remained unknown. Using mice engineered for inducible Nf1-Trp53 loss in OPCs, we acutely isolated labeled mutant OPCs by laser-capture microdissection, determined global gene-expression changes by bulk RNA sequencing, and compared with cell-state fluctuations at the single-cell level by stochastic profiling, which uses RNA-sequencing measurements from random pools of 10 mutant cells. At 12 days after Nf1-Trp53 deletion, bulk differences were mostly limited to mitotic hallmarks and genes for ribosome biosynthesis, and stochastic profiling revealed a spectrum of stem-progenitor (Axl, Aldh1a1), proneural, and mesenchymal states as potential starting points for gliomagenesis. At 90 days, bulk sequencing detected few differentially expressed transcripts, whereas stochastic profiling revealed cell states for neurons and mural cells that do not give rise to glial tumors, suggesting cellular dead-ends for gliomagenesis. Importantly, mutant OPCs that strongly expressed key effectors of nonsense-mediated decay (Upf3b) and homology-dependent DNA repair (Rad51c, Slx1b, Ercc4) were identified along with DNA-damage markers, suggesting transcription-associated replication stress. Analysis of 10-cell transcriptomes at 90 days identified a locus of elevated gene expression containing an additional repair endonuclease (Mus81) and Rin1, a Ras-Raf antagonist and possible counterbalance to Nf1 loss, which was microdeleted or downregulated in gliomas at 150 days. These hidden cell-state variations uncover replication stress as a potential bottleneck that must be resolved for glioma initiation. SIGNIFICANCE: Profiling premalignant cell states in a mouse model of glioma uncovers regulatory heterogeneity in glioma cells-of-origin and defines a state of replication stress that precedes tumor initiation.See related articles by Singh and colleagues, p. 1840 and Schaff and colleagues, p. 1853.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Sutcliffe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Rui P Galvao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jungeun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Lauren K Rosenfeld
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Shambhavi Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Hui Zong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
| | - Kevin A Janes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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20
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Gao X, Zhang Z, Mashimo T, Shen B, Nyagilo J, Wang H, Wang Y, Liu Z, Mulgaonkar A, Hu XL, Piccirillo SGM, Eskiocak U, Davé DP, Qin S, Yang Y, Sun X, Fu YX, Zong H, Sun W, Bachoo RM, Ge WP. Gliomas Interact with Non-glioma Brain Cells via Extracellular Vesicles. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2489-2500.e5. [PMID: 32101730 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that crosstalk between glioma cells and the brain microenvironment may influence brain tumor growth. To date, known reciprocal interactions among these cells have been limited to the release of paracrine factors. Combining a genetic strategy with longitudinal live imaging, we find that individual gliomas communicate with distinct sets of non-glioma cells, including glial cells, neurons, and vascular cells. Transfer of genetic material is achieved mainly through extracellular vesicles (EVs), although cell fusion also plays a minor role. We further demonstrate that EV-mediated communication leads to the increase of synaptic activity in neurons. Blocking EV release causes a reduction of glioma growth in vivo. Our findings indicate that EV-mediated interaction between glioma cells and non-glioma brain cells alters the tumor microenvironment and contributes to glioma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Gao
- Children's Research Institute and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhaohuan Zhang
- Children's Research Institute and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Neurology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Tomoyuki Mashimo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bo Shen
- Children's Research Institute and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - James Nyagilo
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Children's Research Institute and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yihui Wang
- Children's Research Institute and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 4300030, China
| | - Zhida Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Aditi Mulgaonkar
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiao-Ling Hu
- Children's Research Institute and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sara G M Piccirillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ugur Eskiocak
- Children's Research Institute and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Digant P Davé
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
| | - Song Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongjie Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hui Zong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Wenzhi Sun
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Robert M Bachoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Woo-Ping Ge
- Children's Research Institute and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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21
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Hassanzadeh S, Jalessi M, Jameie SB, Khanmohammadi M, Bagher Z, Namjoo Z, Davachi SM. More attention on glial cells to have better recovery after spinal cord injury. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 25:100905. [PMID: 33553683 PMCID: PMC7844125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional improvement after spinal cord injury remains an unsolved difficulty. Glial scars, a major component of SCI lesions, are very effective in improving the rate of this recovery. Such scars are a result of complex interaction mechanisms involving three major cells, namely, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. In recent years, scientists have identified two subtypes of reactive astrocytes, namely, A1 astrocytes that induce the rapid death of neurons and oligodendrocytes, and A2 astrocytes that promote neuronal survival. Moreover, recent studies have suggested that the macrophage polarization state is more of a continuum between M1 and M2 macrophages. M1 macrophages that encourage the inflammation process kill their surrounding cells and inhibit cellular proliferation. In contrast, M2 macrophages promote cell proliferation, tissue growth, and regeneration. Furthermore, the ability of oligodendrocyte precursor cells to differentiate into adult oligodendrocytes or even neurons has been reviewed. Here, we first scrutinize recent findings on glial cell subtypes and their beneficial or detrimental effects after spinal cord injury. Second, we discuss how we may be able to help the functional recovery process after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Hassanzadeh
- Skull Base Research Center, Hazrat Rasoul Hospital, The Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jalessi
- Skull Base Research Center, Hazrat Rasoul Hospital, The Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Behnamedin Jameie
- Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khanmohammadi
- Skull Base Research Center, Hazrat Rasoul Hospital, The Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohre Bagher
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Namjoo
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Davachi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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22
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Nicholson JG, Fine HA. Diffuse Glioma Heterogeneity and Its Therapeutic Implications. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:575-590. [PMID: 33558264 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse gliomas represent a heterogeneous group of universally lethal brain tumors characterized by minimally effective genotype-targeted therapies. Recent advances have revealed that a remarkable level of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental heterogeneity exists within each individual glioma. Together, these interconnected layers of intratumoral heterogeneity result in extreme phenotypic heterogeneity at the cellular level, providing for multiple mechanisms of therapeutic resistance and forming a highly adaptable and resilient disease. In this review, we discuss how glioma intratumoral heterogeneity and malignant cellular state plasticity drive resistance to existing therapies and look to a future in which these challenges may be overcome. SIGNIFICANCE: Glioma intratumoral heterogeneity and malignant cell state plasticity represent formidable hurdles to the development of novel targeted therapies. However, the convergence of genotypically diverse glioma cells into a limited set of epigenetically encoded transcriptional cell states may present an opportunity for a novel therapeutic strategy we call "State Selective Lethality." In this approach, cellular states (as opposed to genetic perturbations/mutations) are the subject of therapeutic targeting, and plasticity-mediated resistance is minimized through the design of cell state "trapping agents."
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Nicholson
- Department of Neurology, The Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Howard A Fine
- Department of Neurology, The Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
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23
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Castellan M, Guarnieri A, Fujimura A, Zanconato F, Battilana G, Panciera T, Sladitschek HL, Contessotto P, Citron A, Grilli A, Romano O, Bicciato S, Fassan M, Porcù E, Rosato A, Cordenonsi M, Piccolo S. Single-cell analyses reveal YAP/TAZ as regulators of stemness and cell plasticity in Glioblastoma. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:174-188. [PMID: 33644767 PMCID: PMC7116831 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-00150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating human malignancy. GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) drive tumor initiation and progression. Yet, the molecular determinants defining GSCs in their native state in patients remain poorly understood. Here we used single cell datasets and identified GSCs at the apex of the differentiation hierarchy of GBM. By reconstructing the GSCs' regulatory network, we identified the YAP/TAZ coactivators as master regulators of this cell state, irrespectively of GBM subtypes. YAP/TAZ are required to install GSC properties in primary cells downstream of multiple oncogenic lesions, and required for tumor initiation and maintenance in vivo in different mouse and human GBM models. YAP/TAZ act as main roadblock of GSC differentiation and their inhibition irreversibly lock differentiated GBM cells into a non-tumorigenic state, preventing plasticity and regeneration of GSC-like cells. Thus, GSC identity is linked to a key molecular hub integrating genetics and microenvironmental inputs within the multifaceted biology of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Atsushi Fujimura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Giusy Battilana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Tito Panciera
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Citron
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Grilli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Oriana Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine - Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Porcù
- Department of Woman and Children Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Piccolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
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24
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Ulloa-Navas MJ, Rubio L, Teruel-Sanchis A, Peña-Peña J, García-Verdugo JM, Herranz-Pérez V, Ferrer-Lozano J. Heterogeneous Pattern of Differentiation With BCAS1/NABC1 Expression in a Case of Oligodendroglioma. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 80:379-383. [PMID: 33544856 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- María José Ulloa-Navas
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universitat de València, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Rubio
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Teruel-Sanchis
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universitat de València, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Peña-Peña
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universitat de València, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universitat de València, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universitat de València, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain.,Predepartamental Unit of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
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25
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Tian A, Kang B, Li B, Qiu B, Jiang W, Shao F, Gao Q, Liu R, Cai C, Jing R, Wang W, Chen P, Liang Q, Bao L, Man J, Wang Y, Shi Y, Li J, Yang M, Wang L, Zhang J, Hippenmeyer S, Zhu J, Bian X, Wang Y, Liu C. Oncogenic State and Cell Identity Combinatorially Dictate the Susceptibility of Cells within Glioma Development Hierarchy to IGF1R Targeting. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001724. [PMID: 33173731 PMCID: PMC7610337 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most malignant cancer in the brain and currently incurable. It is urgent to identify effective targets for this lethal disease. Inhibition of such targets should suppress the growth of cancer cells and, ideally also precancerous cells for early prevention, but minimally affect their normal counterparts. Using genetic mouse models with neural stem cells (NSCs) or oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) as the cells-of-origin/mutation, it is shown that the susceptibility of cells within the development hierarchy of glioma to the knockout of insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R) is determined not only by their oncogenic states, but also by their cell identities/states. Knockout of IGF1R selectively disrupts the growth of mutant and transformed, but not normal OPCs, or NSCs. The desirable outcome of IGF1R knockout on cell growth requires the mutant cells to commit to the OPC identity regardless of its development hierarchical status. At the molecular level, oncogenic mutations reprogram the cellular network of OPCs and force them to depend more on IGF1R for their growth. A new-generation brain-penetrable, orally available IGF1R inhibitor harnessing tumor OPCs in the brain is also developed. The findings reveal the cellular window of IGF1R targeting and establish IGF1R as an effective target for the prevention and treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anhao Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Department of Pathology and PathophysiologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Bo Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Baizhou Li
- Department of Pathology of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Biying Qiu
- Department of Pathology and PathophysiologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Wenhong Jiang
- Department of Pathology and PathophysiologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Fangjie Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Department of Pathology and PathophysiologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Qingqing Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Department of Pathology and PathophysiologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Pathology and PathophysiologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Chengwei Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Department of Pathology and PathophysiologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Rui Jing
- Department of Pathology and PathophysiologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology and PathophysiologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Pengxiang Chen
- Department of Pathology and PathophysiologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Qinghui Liang
- College of Basic Medical ScienceInner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot010059China
| | - Lili Bao
- College of Basic Medical ScienceInner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot010059China
| | - Jianghong Man
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesNational Center of Biomedical AnalysisBeijing100850China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of PathologyInstitute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of PathologyInstitute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Jin Li
- PharmaBlock Sciences (Nanjing), Inc.Nanjing210032China
| | - Minmin Yang
- PharmaBlock Sciences (Nanjing), Inc.Nanjing210032China
| | - Lisha Wang
- PharmaBlock Sciences (Nanjing), Inc.Nanjing210032China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Simon Hippenmeyer
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaAm Campus 1Klosterneuburg3400Austria
| | - Junming Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Xiuwu Bian
- Department of PathologyInstitute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Ying‐Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Department of Pathology and PathophysiologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- School of Brain Science and Brain MedicineNHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
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26
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Kan LK, Drummond K, Hunn M, Williams D, O'Brien TJ, Monif M. Potential biomarkers and challenges in glioma diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. BMJ Neurol Open 2020; 2:e000069. [PMID: 33681797 PMCID: PMC7871709 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2020-000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common central nervous system malignancies and present with significant morbidity and mortality. Treatment modalities are currently limited to surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Increases in survival rate over the previous decades are negligible, further pinpointing an unmet clinical need in this field. There is a continual struggle with the development of effective glioma diagnostics and therapeutics, largely due to a multitude of factors, including the presence of the blood–brain barrier and significant intertumoural and intratumoural heterogeneity. Importantly, there is a lack of reliable biomarkers for glioma, particularly in aiding tumour subtyping and measuring response to therapy. There is a need for biomarkers that would both overcome the complexity of the disease and allow for a minimally invasive means of detection and analysis. This is a comprehensive review evaluating the potential of current cellular, proteomic and molecular biomarker candidates for glioma. Significant hurdles faced in glioma diagnostics and therapy are also discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyen Katrina Kan
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Drummond
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Hunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Williams
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Human IDH mutant 1p/19q co-deleted gliomas have low tumor acidity as evidenced by molecular MRI and PET: a retrospective study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11922. [PMID: 32681084 PMCID: PMC7367867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-deletion of 1p/19q is a hallmark of oligodendroglioma and predicts better survival. However, little is understood about its metabolic characteristics. In this study, we aimed to explore the extracellular acidity of WHO grade II and III gliomas associated with 1p/19q co-deletion. We included 76 glioma patients who received amine chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging at 3 T. Magnetic transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) at 3.0 ppm was used as the pH-sensitive CEST biomarker, with higher MTRasym indicating lower pH. To control for the confounder factors, T2 relaxometry and l-6-18F-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalnine (18F-FDOPA) PET data were collected in a subset of patients. We found a significantly lower MTRasym in 1p/19q co-deleted gliomas (co-deleted, 1.17% ± 0.32%; non-co-deleted, 1.72% ± 0.41%, P = 1.13 × 10−7), while FDOPA (P = 0.92) and T2 (P = 0.61) were not significantly affected. Receiver operating characteristic analysis confirmed that MTRasym could discriminate co-deletion status with an area under the curve of 0.85. In analysis of covariance, 1p/19q co-deletion status was the only significant contributor to the variability in MTRasym when controlling for age and FDOPA (P = 2.91 × 10−3) or T2 (P = 8.03 × 10−6). In conclusion, 1p/19q co-deleted gliomas were less acidic, which may be related to better prognosis. Amine CEST-MRI may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for identifying 1p/19q co-deletion status.
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28
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Al-Mayhani TF, Heywood RM, Vemireddy V, Lathia JD, Piccirillo SGM, Watts C. A non-hierarchical organization of tumorigenic NG2 cells in glioblastoma promoted by EGFR. Neuro Oncol 2020; 21:719-729. [PMID: 30590711 PMCID: PMC6765068 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expression of neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2) identifies an aggressive malignant phenotype in glioblastoma (GBM). Mouse models have implicated NG2 in the genesis, evolution, and maintenance of glial cancers and have highlighted potential interactions between NG2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, it is unknown whether the lineage relationship of NG2+ and NG2− cells follows a hierarchical or stochastic mode of growth. Furthermore, the interaction between NG2 and EGFR signaling in human GBM is also unclear. Methods Single GBM NG2+ and NG2− cells were studied longitudinally to assess lineage relationships. Short hairpin RNA knockdown of NG2 was used to assess the mechanistic role of NG2 in human GBM cells. NG2+ and NG2− cells and NG2 knockdown (NG2-KD) and wild type (NG2-WT) cells were analyzed for differential effects on EGFR signaling. Results Expression of NG2 endows an aggressive phenotype both at single cell and population levels. Progeny derived from single GBM NG2− or GBM NG2+ cells consistently establish phenotypic equilibrium, indicating the absence of a cellular hierarchy. NG2 knockdown reduces proliferation, and mice grafted with NG2-KD survive longer than controls. Finally, NG2 promotes EGFR signaling and is associated with EGFR expression. Conclusions These data support a dynamic evolution in which a bidirectional relationship exists between GBM NG2+ and GBM NG2− cells. Such findings have implications for understanding phenotypic heterogeneity, the emergence of resistant disease, and developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vamsidhara Vemireddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sara G M Piccirillo
- Brain Repair Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Colin Watts
- Brain Repair Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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29
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Mellai M, Annovazzi L, Bisogno I, Corona C, Crociara P, Iulini B, Cassoni P, Casalone C, Boldorini R, Schiffer D. Chondroitin Sulphate Proteoglycan 4 (NG2/CSPG4) Localization in Low- and High-Grade Gliomas. Cells 2020; 9:E1538. [PMID: 32599896 PMCID: PMC7349878 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuron glial antigen 2 or chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan 4 (NG2/CSPG4) is expressed by immature precursors/progenitor cells and is possibly involved in malignant cell transformation. The aim of this study was to investigate its role on the progression and survival of sixty-one adult gliomas and nine glioblastoma (GB)-derived cell lines. METHODS NG2/CSPG4 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Genetic and epigenetic alterations were detected by molecular genetic techniques. RESULTS NG2/CSPG4 was frequently expressed in IDH-mutant/1p19q-codel oligodendrogliomas (59.1%) and IDH-wild type GBs (40%) and rarely expressed in IDH-mutant or IDH-wild type astrocytomas (14.3%). Besides tumor cells, NG2/CSPG4 immunoreactivity was found in the cytoplasm and/or cell membranes of reactive astrocytes and vascular pericytes/endothelial cells. In GB-derived neurospheres, it was variably detected according to the number of passages of the in vitro culture. In GB-derived adherent cells, a diffuse positivity was found in most cells. NG2/CSPG4 expression was significantly associated with EGFR gene amplification (p = 0.0005) and poor prognosis (p = 0.016) in astrocytic tumors. CONCLUSION The immunoreactivity of NG2/CSPG4 provides information on the timing of the neoplastic transformation and could have prognostic and therapeutic relevance as a promising tumor-associated antigen for antibody-based immunotherapy in patients with malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mellai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Scuola di Medicina, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (R.B.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Traslazionale sulle Malattie Autoimmuni e Allergiche (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15A, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta—ONLUS, Via Malta 3, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Laura Annovazzi
- Ex Centro Ricerche/Fondazione Policlinico di Monza, Via P. Micca 29, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (L.A.); (I.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Ilaria Bisogno
- Ex Centro Ricerche/Fondazione Policlinico di Monza, Via P. Micca 29, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (L.A.); (I.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Cristiano Corona
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (C.C.); (P.C.); (B.I.)
| | - Paola Crociara
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (C.C.); (P.C.); (B.I.)
| | - Barbara Iulini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (C.C.); (P.C.); (B.I.)
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università di Torino/Città della Salute e della Scienza, Via Santena 7, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Cristina Casalone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (C.C.); (P.C.); (B.I.)
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Scuola di Medicina, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Davide Schiffer
- Ex Centro Ricerche/Fondazione Policlinico di Monza, Via P. Micca 29, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (L.A.); (I.B.); (D.S.)
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Li Y, Song Y, Li P, Li M, Wang H, Xu T, Yu X, Yu Y, Tai Y, Chen P, Cai X, Wang X, Xiang L, Deng R, Zhang X, Gao L, Wang X, Liu J, Cao F. Downregulation of RIG-I mediated by ITGB3/c-SRC/STAT3 signaling confers resistance to interferon-α-induced apoptosis in tumor-repopulating cells of melanoma. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000111. [PMID: 32152220 PMCID: PMC7061898 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-α (IFN-α) plays a pivotal role in host antitumor immunity, and the evasion of IFN-α signaling pathway can lead to IFN-α resistance during the treatment of cancer. Although the interplay between IFN-α and tumor cells has been extensively investigated in differentiated tumor cells, much less attention has been directed to tumor-repopulating cells (TRCs). METHODS Three-dimentional soft fibrin matrix was used to select and grow highly malignant and tumorigenic melanoma TRCs. The regulation of integrin β3 (ITGB3)-c-SRC-STAT signaling pathway in melanoma TRCs was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The relevant mRNA and protein expression levels were analyzed by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. Immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by qPCR (ChIP-qPCR) assays were performed to detect protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. The clinical impacts of retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) were assessed in melanoma datasets obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus profiles. RESULTS IFN-α-induced apoptosis was decreased in melanoma TRCs. Compared with conventional flask-cultured cells, IFN-α-mediated STAT1 activation was diminished in melanoma TRCs. Decreased expression of RIG-I in melanoma TRCs led to diminished activation of STAT1 via enhancing the interaction between Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 and STAT1. In addition, low expression levels of RIG-I correlated with poor prognosis in patients with melanoma. STAT3 was highly phosphorylated in TRCs and knockdown of STAT3 reversed the downregulation of RIG-I in TRCs. Knockdown of STAT3 resulted in STAT1 activation and increased expression of the pro-apoptosis genes in IFN-α-treated TRCs. Combined treatment of STAT3 inhibitor and IFN-α increased the apoptosis rate of TRCs. Disruption of ITGB3/c-SRC/STAT3 signaling pathway significantly elevated the efficiency of IFN-α-induced apoptosis of TRCs. CONCLUSIONS In melanoma TRCs, ITGB3-c-SRC-STAT3 pathway caused RIG-I repression and then affect STAT1 activation to cause resistance to IFN-α-induced apoptosis. RIG-I is a prognostic marker in patients with melanoma. Combination of STAT3 inhibitor and IFN-α could enhance the efficacy of melanoma treatment. Our findings may provide a new concept of combinatorial treatment for future immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yingqiu Song
- Cancer Center of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pindong Li
- Cancer Center of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haizhou Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiongjie Yu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuandong Yu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - YunYan Tai
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojun Cai
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xianhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Longchao Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Deng
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiufang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Liping Gao
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuanbin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fengjun Cao
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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Chondroitin Sulphate Proteoglycans in the Tumour Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1272:73-92. [PMID: 32845503 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48457-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans are macromolecules that are essential for the development of cells, human diseases and malignancies. In particular, chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) accumulate in tumour stroma and play a key role in tumour growth and invasion by driving multiple oncogenic pathways in tumour cells and promoting crucial interactions in the tumour microenvironment (TME). These pathways involve receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and integrin signalling via the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which sustains the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2).Human CSPG4 is a type I transmembrane protein that is associated with the growth and progression of human brain tumours. It regulates cell signalling and migration by interacting with components of the extracellular matrix, extracellular ligands, growth factor receptors, intracellular enzymes and structural proteins. Its overexpression by tumour cells, perivascular cells and precursor/progenitor cells in gliomas suggests that it plays a role in their origin, progression and neo-angiogenesis and its aberrant expression in tumour cells may be a promising biomarker to monitor malignant progression and patient survival.The aim of this chapter is to review and discuss the role of CSPG4 in the TME of human gliomas, including its potential as a druggable therapeutic target.
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Abstract
Gliomas are heterogeneous tumours derived from glial cells and remain the deadliest form of brain cancer. Although the glioma stem cell sits at the apex of the cellular hierarchy, how it produces the vast cellular constituency associated with frank glioma remains poorly defined. We explore glioma tumorigenesis through the lens of glial development, starting with the neurogenic-gliogenic switch and progressing through oligodendrocyte and astrocyte differentiation. Beginning with the factors that influence normal glial linage progression and diversity, a pattern emerges that has useful parallels in the development of glioma and may ultimately provide targetable pathways for much-needed new therapeutics.
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33
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Hakes AE, Brand AH. Neural stem cell dynamics: the development of brain tumours. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 60:131-138. [PMID: 31330360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Determining the premalignant lesions that develop into malignant tumours remains a daunting task. Brain tumours are frequently characterised by a block in differentiation, implying that normal developmental pathways become hijacked during tumourigenesis. However, the heterogeneity of stem cells and their progenitors in the brain suggests there are many potential routes to tumour initiation. Studies in Drosophila melanogaster have enhanced our understanding of the tumourigenic potential of distinct cell types in the brain. Here we review recent studies that have improved our knowledge of neural stem cell behaviour during development and in brain tumour models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Hakes
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Andrea H Brand
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.
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34
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Capicua regulates neural stem cell proliferation and lineage specification through control of Ets factors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2000. [PMID: 31043608 PMCID: PMC6494820 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Capicua (Cic) is a transcriptional repressor mutated in the brain cancer oligodendroglioma. Despite its cancer link, little is known of Cic's function in the brain. We show that nuclear Cic expression is strongest in astrocytes and neurons but weaker in stem cells and oligodendroglial lineage cells. Using a new conditional Cic knockout mouse, we demonstrate that forebrain-specific Cic deletion increases proliferation and self-renewal of neural stem cells. Furthermore, Cic loss biases neural stem cells toward glial lineage selection, expanding the pool of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). These proliferation and lineage effects are dependent on de-repression of Ets transcription factors. In patient-derived oligodendroglioma cells, CIC re-expression or ETV5 blockade decreases lineage bias, proliferation, self-renewal, and tumorigenicity. Our results identify Cic as an important regulator of cell fate in neurodevelopment and oligodendroglioma, and suggest that its loss contributes to oligodendroglioma by promoting proliferation and an OPC-like identity via Ets overactivity.
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35
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Liubich LD, Lisyanyi NI, Malysheva TA, Staino LP, Egorova DM, Vaslovych VV. In vitro effects of platelet-derived factors of brain glioma patients on C6 glioma cells. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.15421/021928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play an important part in the progression and pathological angiogenesis of brain glioma because of the different granules content and release of microvesicles that are the source of numerous mediators and bioactive substances, which probably provides a "strategy" for the tumour survival. The objective of study was exploring the effect of platelet-released secretion products of patients with brain glioma on the experimental model of tumour growth in vitro. For this purpose, the cells of glioma C6 were cultured for 72 hours under the addition of modified media containing platelet-released secretion products or conditioned media of peripheral blood cells of patients with glioma as well as persons of the comparison group without rough somatic pathology. In control glioma C6 cultures in standard conditions cell clusters were formed by the type of "spheroids", from which radial cell migration occurred, a tense cellular or reticular growth zone was formed, and tumour cells preserved their ability to mitotic division. Under the influence of platelet-released secretion products of patients with glioma, differently directed effects on cell mitotic activity and the number of cell clusters in glioma C6 cultures were detected depending on the degree of tumour malignancy: stimulating effect under the influence of platelet factors of patients with high-malignancy glioma (G4) and inhibitory effect – due to the influence of platelet factors of patients with differentiated glioma (G2). In contrast to the thrombocyte-released factors, the conditioned media of a common pool of peripheral blood cells of patients with G4 glioma suppressed the mitotic activity of tumour cells and did not affect the number of cell clusters. No changes in glioma C6 cultures were revealed after the influence of platelet-released secretion products of persons of the comparison group. The obtained data confirm the important role of platelets in the pathogenesis of brain glioma, pointing to the fundamental difference in the spectrum of biologically active molecules that are released by platelets of patients depending on the degree of tumour malignancy and are able to regulate the cell cycle and proliferative activity of the glioma tumour cells, which may have application as a diagnostic marker as well as predictive marker of response to antitumour therapy.
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36
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Lu QR, Qian L, Zhou X. Developmental origins and oncogenic pathways in malignant brain tumors. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 8:e342. [PMID: 30945456 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors such as adult glioblastomas and pediatric high-grade gliomas or medulloblastomas are among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, exhibiting poor prognoses with little improvement in outcomes in the past several decades. These tumors are heterogeneous and can be initiated from various neural cell types, contributing to therapy resistance. How such heterogeneity arises is linked to the tumor cell of origin and their genetic alterations. Brain tumorigenesis and progression recapitulate key features associated with normal neurogenesis; however, the underlying mechanisms are quite dysregulated as tumor cells grow and divide in an uncontrolled manner. Recent comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic studies at single-cell resolution have shed new light onto diverse tumor-driving events, cellular heterogeneity, and cells of origin in different brain tumors. Primary and secondary glioblastomas develop through different genetic alterations and pathways, such as EGFR amplification and IDH1/2 or TP53 mutation, respectively. Mutations such as histone H3K27M impacting epigenetic modifications define a distinct group of pediatric high-grade gliomas such as diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. The identification of distinct genetic, epigenomic profiles and cellular heterogeneity has led to new classifications of adult and pediatric brain tumor subtypes, affording insights into molecular and lineage-specific vulnerabilities for treatment stratification. This review discusses our current understanding of tumor cells of origin, heterogeneity, recurring genetic and epigenetic alterations, oncogenic drivers and signaling pathways for adult glioblastomas, pediatric high-grade gliomas, and medulloblastomas, the genetically heterogeneous groups of malignant brain tumors. This article is categorized under: Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Gene Networks and Genomics Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Richard Lu
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lily Qian
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Xianyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Buder T, Deutsch A, Klink B, Voss-Böhme A. Patterns of Tumor Progression Predict Small and Tissue-Specific Tumor-Originating Niches. Front Oncol 2019; 8:668. [PMID: 30687642 PMCID: PMC6335293 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer is a multistep process in which cells increase in malignancy through progressive alterations. Such altered cells compete with wild-type cells and have to establish within a tissue in order to induce tumor formation. The range of this competition and the tumor-originating cell type which acquires the first alteration is unknown for most human tissues, mainly because the involved processes are hardly observable, aggravating an understanding of early tumor development. On the tissue scale, one observes different progression types, namely with and without detectable benign precursor stages. Human epidemiological data on the ratios of the two progression types exhibit large differences between cancers. The idea of this study is to utilize data of the ratios of progression types in human cancers to estimate the homeostatic range of competition in human tissues. This homeostatic competition range can be interpreted as necessary numbers of altered cells to induce tumor formation on the tissue scale. For this purpose, we develop a cell-based stochastic model which is calibrated with newly-interpreted human epidemiological data. We find that the number of tumor cells which inevitably leads to later tumor formation is surprisingly small compared to the overall tumor and largely depends on the human tissue type. This result points toward the existence of a tissue-specific tumor-originating niche in which the fate of tumor development is decided early and long before a tumor becomes detectable. Moreover, our results suggest that the fixation of tumor cells in the tumor-originating niche triggers new processes which accelerate tumor growth after normal tissue homeostasis is voided. Our estimate for the human colon agrees well with the size of the stem cell niche in colonic crypts. For other tissues, our results might aid to identify the tumor-originating cell type. For instance, data on primary and secondary glioblastoma suggest that the tumors originate from a cell type competing in a range of 300 – 1,900 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Buder
- Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Informatics/Mathematics, HTW Dresden-University of Applied Sciences, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Deutsch
- Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Klink
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Voss-Böhme
- Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Informatics/Mathematics, HTW Dresden-University of Applied Sciences, Dresden, Germany
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Shergalis A, Bankhead A, Luesakul U, Muangsin N, Neamati N. Current Challenges and Opportunities in Treating Glioblastoma. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:412-445. [PMID: 29669750 PMCID: PMC5907910 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, has a high mortality rate despite extensive efforts to develop new treatments. GBM exhibits both intra- and intertumor heterogeneity, lending to resistance and eventual tumor recurrence. Large-scale genomic and proteomic analysis of GBM tumors has uncovered potential drug targets. Effective and “druggable” targets must be validated to embark on a robust medicinal chemistry campaign culminating in the discovery of clinical candidates. Here, we review recent developments in GBM drug discovery and delivery. To identify GBM drug targets, we performed extensive bioinformatics analysis using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. We discovered 20 genes, BOC, CLEC4GP1, ELOVL6, EREG, ESR2, FDCSP, FURIN, FUT8-AS1, GZMB, IRX3, LITAF, NDEL1, NKX3-1, PODNL1, PTPRN, QSOX1, SEMA4F, TH, VEGFC, and C20orf166AS1 that are overexpressed in a subpopulation of GBM patients and correlate with poor survival outcomes. Importantly, nine of these genes exhibit higher expression in GBM versus low-grade glioma and may be involved in disease progression. In this review, we discuss these proteins in the context of GBM disease progression. We also conducted computational multi-parameter optimization to assess the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of small molecules in clinical trials for GBM treatment. Drug delivery in the context of GBM is particularly challenging because the BBB hinders small molecule transport. Therefore, we discuss novel drug delivery methods, including nanoparticles and prodrugs. Given the aggressive nature of GBM and the complexity of targeting the central nervous system, effective treatment options are a major unmet medical need. Identification and validation of biomarkers and drug targets associated with GBM disease progression present an exciting opportunity to improve treatment of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Shergalis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, North Campus Research Complex, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.S., U.L., N.N.); Biostatistics Department and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.B.); and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (U.L., N.M.)
| | - Armand Bankhead
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, North Campus Research Complex, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.S., U.L., N.N.); Biostatistics Department and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.B.); and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (U.L., N.M.)
| | - Urarika Luesakul
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, North Campus Research Complex, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.S., U.L., N.N.); Biostatistics Department and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.B.); and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (U.L., N.M.)
| | - Nongnuj Muangsin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, North Campus Research Complex, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.S., U.L., N.N.); Biostatistics Department and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.B.); and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (U.L., N.M.)
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, North Campus Research Complex, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.S., U.L., N.N.); Biostatistics Department and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.B.); and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (U.L., N.M.)
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Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Genetic Abnormalities, Clonal Evolution, and Cancer Stem Cells of Brain Tumors. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:E85. [PMID: 30279357 PMCID: PMC6313628 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are highly heterogeneous and have been classified by the World Health Organization in various histological and molecular subtypes. Gliomas have been classified as ranging from low-grade astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas to high-grade astrocytomas or glioblastomas. These tumors are characterized by a peculiar pattern of genetic alterations. Pediatric high-grade gliomas are histologically indistinguishable from adult glioblastomas, but they are considered distinct from adult glioblastomas because they possess a different spectrum of driver mutations (genes encoding histones H3.3 and H3.1). Medulloblastomas, the most frequent pediatric brain tumors, are considered to be of embryonic derivation and are currently subdivided into distinct subgroups depending on histological features and genetic profiling. There is emerging evidence that brain tumors are maintained by a special neural or glial stem cell-like population that self-renews and gives rise to differentiated progeny. In many instances, the prognosis of the majority of brain tumors remains negative and there is hope that the new acquisition of information on the molecular and cellular bases of these tumors will be translated in the development of new, more active treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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The Significance of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) in Human Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092724. [PMID: 30213051 PMCID: PMC6164575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuron glial antigen 2 (NG2) is a chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) that occurs in developing and adult central nervous systems (CNSs) as a marker of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) together with platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα). It behaves variably in different pathological conditions, and is possibly involved in the origin and progression of human gliomas. In the latter, NG2/CSPG4 induces cell proliferation and migration, is highly expressed in pericytes, and plays a role in neoangiogenesis. NG2/CSPG4 expression has been demonstrated in oligodendrogliomas, astrocytomas, and glioblastomas (GB), and it correlates with malignancy. In rat tumors transplacentally induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), NG2/CSPG4 expression correlates with PDGFRα, Olig2, Sox10, and Nkx2.2, and with new vessel formation. In this review, we attempt to summarize the normal and pathogenic functions of NG2/CSPG4, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Daynac M, Chouchane M, Collins HY, Murphy NE, Andor N, Niu J, Fancy SPJ, Stallcup WB, Petritsch CK. Lgl1 controls NG2 endocytic pathway to regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation and asymmetric cell division and gliomagenesis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2862. [PMID: 30131568 PMCID: PMC6104045 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) undergo asymmetric cell division (ACD) to generate one OPC and one differentiating oligodendrocyte (OL) progeny. Loss of pro-mitotic proteoglycan and OPC marker NG2 in the OL progeny is the earliest immunophenotypic change of unknown mechanism that indicates differentiation commitment. Here, we report that expression of the mouse homolog of Drosophila tumor suppressor Lethal giant larvae 1 (Lgl1) is induced during OL differentiation. Lgl1 conditional knockout OPC progeny retain NG2 and show reduced OL differentiation, while undergoing more symmetric self-renewing divisions at the expense of asymmetric divisions. Moreover, Lgl1 and hemizygous Ink4a/Arf knockouts in OPC synergistically induce gliomagenesis. Time lapse and total internal reflection microscopy reveals a critical role for Lgl1 in NG2 endocytic routing and links aberrant NG2 recycling to failed differentiation. These data establish Lgl1 as a suppressor of gliomagenesis and positive regulator of asymmetric division and differentiation in the healthy and demyelinated murine brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Daynac
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Malek Chouchane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Hannah Y Collins
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nicole E Murphy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Noemi Andor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jianqin Niu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Stephen P J Fancy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - William B Stallcup
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Claudia K Petritsch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Brain Tumor Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Kishimoto TE, Uchida K, Thongtharb A, Shibato T, Chambers JK, Nibe K, Kagawa Y, Nakayama H. Expression of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Markers in Canine Oligodendrogliomas. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:634-644. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985818777794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendroglioma is a common brain tumor in dogs, particularly brachycephalic breeds. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are suspected to be a possible origin of oligodendroglioma, although it has not been well elucidated. In the present study, 27 cases of canine brain oligodendrogliomas were histologically and immunohistochemically examined. The most commonly affected breed was the French Bulldog ( n = 19 of 27, 70%). Seizure was the most predominant clinical sign ( n = 17 of 25, 68%). The tumors were located mainly in the cerebrum, particularly in the frontal lobe ( n = 10 of 27, 37%). All cases were diagnosed as anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) and had common histologic features characterized by the proliferation of round to polygonal cells with pronounced atypia and conspicuous mitotic activity (average, 10.7 mitoses per 10 high-power fields). Honeycomb pattern ( n = 5 of 27, 19%), myxoid matrix ( n = 10, 37%), cyst formation ( n = 6, 22%), necrosis ( n = 19, 70%), pseudopalisading ( n = 5, 18.5%), glomeruloid vessels ( n = 16, 59%), and microcalcification ( n = 5, 19%) were other histopathologic features of the present tumors. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for Olig2 in all cases and for other markers of OPCs in most cases, including SOX10 ( n = 24 of 27, 89%), platelet-derived growth factor receptor α ( n = 24, 89%), and NG2 ( n = 23, 85%). The present AO also consisted of heterogeneous cell populations that were positive for nestin ( n = 13 of 27, 48%), glial fibrillary acidic protein ( n = 5, 19%), doublecortin ( n = 22, 82%), and βIII-tubulin ( n = 15, 56%). Moreover, cultured AO cells obtained from 1 case retained expression of OPC markers and exhibited multipotent characteristics in a serum culture condition. Overall, the findings suggest that transformed multipotent OPCs may be a potential origin of canine AO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya E. Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atigan Thongtharb
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - James K. Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nibe
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Liu Y, Lv J, Liang X, Yin X, Zhang L, Chen D, Jin X, Fiskesund R, Tang K, Ma J, Zhang H, Dong W, Mo S, Zhang T, Cheng F, Zhou Y, Xie J, Wang N, Huang B. Fibrin Stiffness Mediates Dormancy of Tumor-Repopulating Cells via a Cdc42-Driven Tet2 Epigenetic Program. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3926-3937. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Griveau A, Seano G, Shelton SJ, Kupp R, Jahangiri A, Obernier K, Krishnan S, Lindberg OR, Yuen TJ, Tien AC, Sabo JK, Wang N, Chen I, Kloepper J, Larrouquere L, Ghosh M, Tirosh I, Huillard E, Alvarez-Buylla A, Oldham MC, Persson AI, Weiss WA, Batchelor TT, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Suvà ML, Phillips JJ, Aghi MK, Mehta S, Jain RK, Rowitch DH. A Glial Signature and Wnt7 Signaling Regulate Glioma-Vascular Interactions and Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:874-889.e7. [PMID: 29681511 PMCID: PMC6211172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas comprise heterogeneous malignant glial and stromal cells. While blood vessel co-option is a potential mechanism to escape anti-angiogenic therapy, the relevance of glial phenotype in this process is unclear. We show that Olig2+ oligodendrocyte precursor-like glioma cells invade by single-cell vessel co-option and preserve the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Conversely, Olig2-negative glioma cells form dense perivascular collections and promote angiogenesis and BBB breakdown, leading to innate immune cell activation. Experimentally, Olig2 promotes Wnt7b expression, a finding that correlates in human glioma profiling. Targeted Wnt7a/7b deletion or pharmacologic Wnt inhibition blocks Olig2+ glioma single-cell vessel co-option and enhances responses to temozolomide. Finally, Olig2 and Wnt7 become upregulated after anti-VEGF treatment in preclinical models and patients. Thus, glial-encoded pathways regulate distinct glioma-vascular microenvironmental interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Griveau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Giorgio Seano
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories of Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Samuel J Shelton
- Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robert Kupp
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Saint Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Arman Jahangiri
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kirsten Obernier
- Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shanmugarajan Krishnan
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories of Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Olle R Lindberg
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tracy J Yuen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - An-Chi Tien
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jennifer K Sabo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nancy Wang
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories of Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ivy Chen
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories of Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jonas Kloepper
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories of Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Louis Larrouquere
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories of Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mitrajit Ghosh
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories of Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Itay Tirosh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Huillard
- ICM Brain and Spine Institute, 47 Boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
- Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael C Oldham
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anders I Persson
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Neurosciences Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tracy T Batchelor
- Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology and Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anat Stemmer-Rachamimov
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Manish K Aghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shwetal Mehta
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Saint Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories of Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - David H Rowitch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge and Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AN, UK.
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Azzarelli R, Simons BD, Philpott A. The developmental origin of brain tumours: a cellular and molecular framework. Development 2018; 145:145/10/dev162693. [PMID: 29759978 PMCID: PMC6001369 DOI: 10.1242/dev.162693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of the nervous system relies on the coordinated regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. The discovery that brain tumours contain a subpopulation of cells with stem/progenitor characteristics that are capable of sustaining tumour growth has emphasized the importance of understanding the cellular dynamics and the molecular pathways regulating neural stem cell behaviour. By focusing on recent work on glioma and medulloblastoma, we review how lineage tracing contributed to dissecting the embryonic origin of brain tumours and how lineage-specific mechanisms that regulate stem cell behaviour in the embryo may be subverted in cancer to achieve uncontrolled proliferation and suppression of differentiation. Summary: Lineage-tracing work in glioma and medulloblastoma reveals similarities between neuronal development and brain tumours, identifying potential new therapeutic avenues that exploit vulnerabilities in tumour growth patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Azzarelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.,Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.,The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.,Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Anna Philpott
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK .,Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
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Gonzalez PP, Kim J, Galvao RP, Cruickshanks N, Abounader R, Zong H. p53 and NF 1 loss plays distinct but complementary roles in glioma initiation and progression. Glia 2018; 66:999-1015. [PMID: 29392777 PMCID: PMC7808243 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Malignant glioma is one of the deadliest types of cancer. Understanding how the cell of origin progressively evolves toward malignancy in greater detail could provide mechanistic insights and lead to novel concepts for tumor prevention and therapy. Previously we have identified oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) as the cell of origin for glioma following the concurrent deletion of p53 and NF1 using a mouse genetic mosaic system that can reveal mutant cells prior to malignancy. In the current study, we set out to deconstruct the gliomagenic process in two aspects. First, we determined how the individual loss of p53 or NF1 contributes to aberrant behaviors of OPCs. Second, we determined how signaling aberrations in OPCs progressively change from pre-malignant to transformed stages. We found that while the deletion of NF1 leads to mutant OPC expansion through increased proliferation and decreased differentiation, the deletion of p53 impairs OPC senescence. Signaling analysis showed that, while PI3K and MEK pathways go through stepwise over-activation, mTOR signaling remains at the basal level in pre-transforming mutant OPCs but is abruptly up-regulated in tumor OPCs. Finally, inhibiting mTOR via pharmacological or genetic methods, led to a significant blockade of gliomagenesis but had little impact on pre-transforming mutant OPCs, suggesting that mTOR is necessary for final transformation but not early progression. In summary, our findings show that deconstructing the tumorigenic process reveals specific aberrations caused by individual gene mutations and altered signaling events at precise timing during tumor progression, which may shed light on tumor-prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillippe P Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1340 Jefferson Park Ave, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jungeun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1340 Jefferson Park Ave, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Rui Pedro Galvao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1340 Jefferson Park Ave, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Nichola Cruickshanks
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1340 Jefferson Park Ave, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Roger Abounader
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1340 Jefferson Park Ave, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Hui Zong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1340 Jefferson Park Ave, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Dufour A, Gontran E, Deroulers C, Varlet P, Pallud J, Grammaticos B, Badoual M. Modeling the dynamics of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and the genesis of gliomas. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1005977. [PMID: 29590097 PMCID: PMC5903643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) have remarkable properties: they represent the most abundant cycling cell population in the adult normal brain and they manage to achieve a uniform and constant density throughout the adult brain. This equilibrium is obtained by the interplay of four processes: division, differentiation or death, migration and active self-repulsion. They are also strongly suspected to be at the origin of gliomas, when their equilibrium is disrupted. In this article, we present a model of the dynamics of OPCs, first in a normal tissue. This model is based on a cellular automaton and its rules are mimicking the ones that regulate the dynamics of real OPCs. The model is able to reproduce the homeostasis of the cell population, with the maintenance of a constant and uniform cell density and the healing of a lesion. We show that there exists a fair quantitative agreement between the simulated and experimental parameters, such as the cell velocity, the time taken to close a lesion, and the duration of the cell cycle. We present three possible scenarios of disruption of the equilibrium: the appearance of an over-proliferating cell, of a deadless/non-differentiating cell, or of a cell that lost any contact-inhibition. We show that the appearance of an over-proliferating cell is sufficient to trigger the growth of a tumor that has low-grade glioma features: an invasive behaviour, a linear radial growth of the tumor with a corresponding growth velocity of less than 2 mm per year, as well a cell density at the center which exceeds the one in normal tissue by a factor of less than two. The loss of contact inhibition leads to a more high-grade-like glioma. The results of our model contribute to the body of evidence that identify OPCs as possible cells of origin of gliomas. Gliomas are the most common brain tumors and result in more years of life lost than any other tumor. Standard treatments only confer a limited improvement in overall survival, underscoring the need for new therapies. Finding the type of cells at the origin of these tumors could lead to the development of new drugs, specifically targeted towards these cells. The oligodendrocyte precursor cells are suspected to be these cells of origin, because they continue to proliferate through all the adult life. In this article, we present a model of the dynamics of these cells, first in the normal brain, and then we extrapolate our model to the pathological situation. We study several scenarios where, from the normal situation, a cell appears with one property different from those of the normal cells. We show that the alteration of only one of the properties of these cells in the model can lead to the formation of gliomas with different aggressiveness and very similar to real gliomas, reinforcing the suspicion that the precursor cells are at the origin of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloys Dufour
- IMNC Laboratory, CNRS, Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris Diderot, France
| | - Emilie Gontran
- IMNC Laboratory, CNRS, Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris Diderot, France
| | - Christophe Deroulers
- IMNC Laboratory, CNRS, Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris Diderot, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, IMA-Brain, INSERM U894, Univ Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Johan Pallud
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, IMA-Brain, INSERM U894, Univ Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Basile Grammaticos
- IMNC Laboratory, CNRS, Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris Diderot, France
| | - Mathilde Badoual
- IMNC Laboratory, CNRS, Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris Diderot, France
- * E-mail:
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Wang Y, Huang N, Li H, Liu S, Chen X, Yu S, Wu N, Bian XW, Shen HY, Li C, Xiao L. Promoting oligodendroglial-oriented differentiation of glioma stem cell: a repurposing of quetiapine for the treatment of malignant glioma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:37511-37524. [PMID: 28415586 PMCID: PMC5514926 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major contributor of chemotherapy resistance and malignant recurrence, glioma stem cells (GSCs) have been proposed as a target for the treatment of gliomas. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of quetiapine (QUE), an atypical antipsychotic, for the treatment of malignant glioma, we established mouse models with GSCs-initiated orthotopic xenograft gliomas and subcutaneous xenograft tumors, using GSCs purified from glioblastoma cell line GL261. We investigated antitumor effects of QUE on xenograft gliomas and its underlying mechanisms on GSCs. Our data demonstrated that (i) QUE monotherapy can effectively suppress GSCs-initiated tumor growth; (ii) QUE has synergistic effects with temozolomide (TMZ) on glioma suppression, and importantly, QUE can effectively suppress TMZ-resistant (or -escaped) tumors generated from GSCs; (iii) mechanistically, the anti-glioma effect of QUE was due to its actions of promoting the differentiation of GSCs into oligodendrocyte (OL)-like cells and its inhibitory effect on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Together, our findings suggest an effective approach for anti-gliomagenic treatment via targeting OL-oriented differentiation of GSCs. This also opens a door for repurposing QUE, an FDA approved drug, for the treatment of malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Nanxin Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shubao Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shichang Yu
- Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hai-Ying Shen
- Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR 97232, USA
| | - Chengren Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Tan SK, Jermakowicz A, Mookhtiar AK, Nemeroff CB, Schürer SC, Ayad NG. Drug Repositioning in Glioblastoma: A Pathway Perspective. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:218. [PMID: 29615902 PMCID: PMC5864870 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary adult brain tumor. The current standard of care is surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy treatment, which extends life in most cases. Unfortunately, tumor recurrence is nearly universal and patients with recurrent glioblastoma typically survive <1 year. Therefore, new therapies and therapeutic combinations need to be developed that can be quickly approved for use in patients. However, in order to gain approval, therapies need to be safe as well as effective. One possible means of attaining rapid approval is repurposing FDA approved compounds for GBM therapy. However, candidate compounds must be able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and therefore a selection process has to be implemented to identify such compounds that can eliminate GBM tumor expansion. We review here psychiatric and non-psychiatric compounds that may be effective in GBM, as well as potential drugs targeting cell death pathways. We also discuss the potential of data-driven computational approaches to identify compounds that induce cell death in GBM cells, enabled by large reference databases such as the Library of Integrated Network Cell Signatures (LINCS). Finally, we argue that identifying pathways dysregulated in GBM in a patient specific manner is essential for effective repurposing in GBM and other gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Kiat Tan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Brain Tumor Initiative, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anna Jermakowicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Brain Tumor Initiative, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Adnan K Mookhtiar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Brain Tumor Initiative, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Center on Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Stephan C Schürer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Computational Sciences, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nagi G Ayad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Brain Tumor Initiative, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Shao F, Liu C. Revisit the Candidacy of Brain Cell Types as the Cell(s) of Origin for Human High-Grade Glioma. Front Mol Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29515370 PMCID: PMC5826356 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade glioma, particularly, glioblastoma, is the most aggressive cancer of the central nervous system (CNS) in adults. Due to its heterogeneous nature, glioblastoma almost inevitably relapses after surgical resection and radio-/chemotherapy, and is thus highly lethal and associated with a dismal prognosis. Identifying the cell of origin has been considered an important aspect in understanding tumor heterogeneity, thereby holding great promise in designing novel therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma. Taking advantage of genetic lineage-tracing techniques, performed mainly on genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), multiple cell types in the CNS have been suggested as potential cells of origin for glioblastoma, among which adult neural stem cells (NSCs) and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are the major candidates. However, it remains highly debated whether these cell types are equally capable of transforming in patients, given that in the human brain, some cell types divide so slowly, therefore may never have a chance to transform. With the recent advances in studying adult NSCs and OPCs, particularly from the perspective of comparative biology, we now realize that notable differences exist among mammalian species. These differences have critical impacts on shaping our understanding of the cell of origin of glioma in humans. In this perspective, we update the current progress in this field and clarify some misconceptions with inputs from important findings about the biology of adult NSCs and OPCs. We propose to re-evaluate the cellular origin candidacy of these cells, with an emphasis on comparative studies between animal models and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Shao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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