1
|
Zong HF, Li X, Han L, Wang L, Liu JJ, Yue YL, Chen J, Ke Y, Jiang H, Xie YQ, Zhang BH, Zhu JW. A novel bispecific antibody drug conjugate targeting HER2 and HER3 with potent therapeutic efficacy against breast cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01279-8. [PMID: 38605180 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugate (ADC) therapy has become one of the most promising approaches in cancer immunotherapy. Bispecific targeting could enhance the efficacy and safety of ADC by improving its specificity, affinity and internalization. In this study we constructed a HER2/HER3-targeting bispecific ADC (BsADC) and characterized its physiochemical properties, target specificity and internalization in vitro, and assessed its anti-tumor activities in breast cancer cell lines and in animal models. The HER2/HER3-targeting BsADC had a drug to antibody ratio (DAR) of 2.89, displayed a high selectivity against the target JIMT-1 breast cancer cells in vitro, as well as a slightly higher level of internalization than HER2- or HER3-monospecific ADCs. More importantly, the bispecific ADC potently inhibited the viability of MCF7, JIMT-1, BT474, BxPC-3 and SKOV-3 cancer cells in vitro. In JIMT-1 breast cancer xenograft mice, a single injection of bispecific ADC (3 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly inhibited the tumor growth with an efficacy comparable to that caused by combined injection of HER2 and HER3-monospecific ADCs (3 mg/kg for each). Our study demonstrates that the bispecific ADC concept can be applied to development of more potent new cancer therapeutics than the monospecific ADCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Zong
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Jecho Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xi Li
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Han
- Jecho Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun-Jun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ya-Li Yue
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Jecho Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yong Ke
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Jecho Laboratories, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
| | - Yue-Qing Xie
- Jecho Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200240, China
- Jecho Laboratories, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
| | - Bao-Hong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jian-Wei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Jecho Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Jecho Laboratories, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21704, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Chen T, Ruszaj DM, Mager DE, Straubinger RM. Integrated PK/PD Modeling Relates Smoothened Inhibitor Biomarkers to The Heterogeneous Intratumor Disposition of Cetuximab in Pancreatic Cancer Tumor Models. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:72-84. [PMID: 37844759 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies have shown little efficacy in the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). Tumor desmoplasia, hypovascularity, and poor perfusion result in insufficient tumor cell exposure, contributing to treatment failure. Smoothened inhibitors of hedgehog signaling (sHHi) increase PDAC tumor permeability, perfusion, and drug delivery, and provide a tool to develop a quantitative, mechanistic understanding as to how the temporal dynamics of tumor priming can impact intratumor distribution of monoclonal antibodies (mAb). A linked pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) model was developed to integrate the plasma and tumor PK of a sHHi priming agent with its effects upon downstream stromal biomarkers Gli1, hyaluronic acid, and interstitial fluid pressure in PDAC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors. In parallel, in situ tumor concentrations of cetuximab (CTX: anti-epidermal growth factor receptor; EGFR) were quantified as a marker for tumor delivery of mAb or antibody-drug conjugates. A minimal, physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (mPBPK) model was constructed to link sHHi effects upon mechanistic effectors of tumor barrier compromise with the intratumor distribution of CTX, and CTX occupancy of EGFR in tumors. Integration of the mPBPK model of mAb deposition and intratumor distribution with the PK/PD model of tumor responses to priming not only identified physiological parameters that are critical for tumor antibody distribution, but also provides insight into dosing regimens that could achieve maximal tumor disposition of therapeutic antibodies under conditions of transient PDAC tumor permeability barrier compromise that mechanistically-diverse tumor priming strategies may achieve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Donna M Ruszaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Donald E Mager
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Enhanced Pharmacodynamics, LLC, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robert M Straubinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Cell Stress Biochemistry and Biophysics, Roswell Park Comprehenhsive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehenhsive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Santollani L, Wittrup KD. Spatiotemporally programming cytokine immunotherapies through protein engineering. Immunol Rev 2023; 320:10-28. [PMID: 37409481 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines have long been considered promising cancer immunotherapy agents due to their endogenous role in activating and proliferating lymphocytes. However, since the initial FDA approvals of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Interferon-ɑ (IFNɑ) for oncology over 30 years ago, cytokines have achieved little success in the clinic due to narrow therapeutic windows and dose-limiting toxicities. This is attributable to the discrepancy between the localized, regulated manner in which cytokines are deployed endogenously versus the systemic, untargeted administration used to date in most exogenous cytokine therapies. Furthermore, cytokines' ability to stimulate multiple cell types, often with paradoxical effects, may present significant challenges for their translation into effective therapies. Recently, protein engineering has emerged as a tool to address the shortcomings of first-generation cytokine therapies. In this perspective, we contextualize cytokine engineering strategies such as partial agonism, conditional activation and intratumoral retention through the lens of spatiotemporal regulation. By controlling the time, place, specificity, and duration of cytokine signaling, protein engineering can allow exogenous cytokine therapies to more closely approach their endogenous exposure profile, ultimately moving us closer to unlocking their full therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Santollani
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fischman S, Levin I, Rondeau JM, Štrajbl M, Lehmann S, Huber T, Nimrod G, Cebe R, Omer D, Kovarik J, Bernstein S, Sasson Y, Demishtein A, Shlamkovich T, Bluvshtein O, Grossman N, Barak-Fuchs R, Zhenin M, Fastman Y, Twito S, Vana T, Zur N, Ofran Y. "Redirecting an anti-IL-1β antibody to bind a new, unrelated and computationally predicted epitope on hIL-17A". Commun Biol 2023; 6:997. [PMID: 37773269 PMCID: PMC10542344 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody engineering technology is at the forefront of therapeutic antibody development. The primary goal for engineering a therapeutic antibody is the generation of an antibody with a desired specificity, affinity, function, and developability profile. Mature antibodies are considered antigen specific, which may preclude their use as a starting point for antibody engineering. Here, we explore the plasticity of mature antibodies by engineering novel specificity and function to a pre-selected antibody template. Using a small, focused library, we engineered AAL160, an anti-IL-1β antibody, to bind the unrelated antigen IL-17A, with the introduction of seven mutations. The final redesigned antibody, 11.003, retains favorable biophysical properties, binds IL-17A with sub-nanomolar affinity, inhibits IL-17A binding to its cognate receptor and is functional in a cell-based assay. The epitope of the engineered antibody can be computationally predicted based on the sequence of the template antibody, as is confirmed by the crystal structure of the 11.003/IL-17A complex. The structures of the 11.003/IL-17A and the AAL160/IL-1β complexes highlight the contribution of germline residues to the paratopes of both the template and re-designed antibody. This case study suggests that the inherent plasticity of antibodies allows for re-engineering of mature antibodies to new targets, while maintaining desirable developability profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Itay Levin
- Biolojic Design LTD, Rehovot, Israel
- Enzymit LTD, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | | | | | - Sylvie Lehmann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Huber
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Ridgelinediscovery, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Régis Cebe
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dotan Omer
- Biolojic Design LTD, Rehovot, Israel
- EmendoBio Inc., Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jiri Kovarik
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Alik Demishtein
- Biolojic Design LTD, Rehovot, Israel
- Anima Biotech, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Olga Bluvshtein
- Biolojic Design LTD, Rehovot, Israel
- Enzymit LTD, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Shir Twito
- Biolojic Design LTD, Rehovot, Israel
- Enzymit LTD, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tal Vana
- Biolojic Design LTD, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nevet Zur
- Biolojic Design LTD, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yanay Ofran
- Biolojic Design LTD, Rehovot, Israel
- The Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Nanotechnology Building, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Niu J, Wang W, Ouellet D. Mechanism-based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling for bispecific antibodies: challenges and opportunities. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023; 16:977-990. [PMID: 37743720 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2257136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unlike conventional antibodies, bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are engineered antibody- or antibody fragment-based molecules that can simultaneously recognize two different epitopes or antigens. Over the past decade, there has been an explosion of bsAbs being developed across therapeutic areas. Development of bsAbs presents unique challenges and mechanism-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling has served as a powerful tool to optimize their development and realize their clinical utility. AREAS COVERED In this review, the guiding principles and case examples of how fit-for-purpose, mechanism-based PK/PD models have been applied to answer questions commonly encountered in bsAb development are presented. Such models characterize the key pharmacological elements of bsAbs, and they can be utilized for model-informed drug development. We also include the discussion of challenges, knowledge gaps and future direction for such models. EXPERT OPINION Mechanistic PK/PD modeling is a powerful tool to support the development of bsAbs. These models can be extrapolated to predict treatment outcomes based on mechanisms of action (MoA) and clinical observations to form positive learn-and-confirm cycles during drug development, due to their abilities to differentiate system- and drug-specific parameters. Meanwhile, the models should keep being adapted according to novel drug design and MoA, providing continuous opportunities for model-informed drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Niu
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Weirong Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Daniele Ouellet
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ziegengeist T, Orth J, Kroll K, Schneider M, Spindler N, Dimova D, Handschuh S, Brandenburg A, Ossola R, Furtmann N, Birkenfeld J, Beil C, Hoffmann D, Schmidt T, Sendak R, Fischer M, Hölper S, Kühn J. High-Throughput and Format-Agnostic Mispairing Assay for Multispecific Antibodies Using Intact Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37369001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Multispecific antibodies have gained significant importance in a broad indication space due to their ability to engage multiple epitopes simultaneously and to thereby overcome therapeutic barriers. With growing therapeutic potential, however, the molecular complexity increases, thus intensifying the demand for innovative protein engineering and analytical strategies. A major challenge for multispecific antibodies is the correct assembly of light and heavy chains. Engineering strategies exist to stabilize the correct pairing, but typically individual engineering campaigns are required to arrive at the anticipated format. Mass spectrometry has proven to be a versatile tool to identify mispaired species. However, due to manual data analysis procedures, mass spectrometry is limited to lower throughputs. To keep pace with increasing sample numbers, we developed a high-throughput-capable mispairing workflow based on intact mass spectrometry with automated data analysis, peak detection, and relative quantification using Genedata Expressionist. This workflow is capable of detecting mispaired species of ∼1000 multispecific antibodies in three weeks and thus is applicable to complex screening campaigns. As a proof of concept, the assay was applied to engineering a trispecific antibody. Strikingly, the new setup has not only proved successful in mispairing analysis but has also revealed its potential to automatically annotate other product-related impurities. Furthermore, we could confirm the assay to be format-agnostic, as shown by analyzing several different multispecific formats in one run. With these comprehensive capabilities, the new automated intact mass workflow can be applied as a universal tool to detect and annotate peaks in a format-agnostic approach and in high-throughput, thus enabling complex discovery campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Ziegengeist
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Jennifer Orth
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Katja Kroll
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Marion Schneider
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Nadja Spindler
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Dilyana Dimova
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Severin Handschuh
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | | | | | - Norbert Furtmann
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Joerg Birkenfeld
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
- Perspix Biotech GmbH FiZ Frankfurt Innovation Center Biotechnology, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Christian Beil
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Dietmar Hoffmann
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Thorsten Schmidt
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Rebecca Sendak
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Melanie Fischer
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Soraya Hölper
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kühn
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kamara S, Guo Y, Wen H, Liu Y, Liu L, Zheng M, Zhang J, Zhou L, Chen J, Zhu S, Zhang L. Novel Bifunctional Affibody Molecules with Specific Binding to Both EBV LMP1 and LMP2 for Targeted Therapy of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10126. [PMID: 37373272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are considered highly specific therapeutic agents in cancer medicines, and numerous formats have been developed. Among them, bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have gained a lot of attention as a next-generation strategy for cancer therapy. However, poor tumor penetration is a major challenge because of their large size and thus contributes to suboptimal responses within cancer cells. On the other hand, affibody molecules are a new class of engineered affinity proteins and have achieved several promising results with their applications in molecular imaging diagnostics and targeted tumor therapy. In this study, an alternative format for bispecific molecules was constructed and investigated, named ZLMP110-277 and ZLMP277-110, that targets Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and latent membrane protein 2 (LMP2). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR), indirect immunofluorescence assay, co-immunoprecipitation, and near-infrared (NIR) imaging clearly demonstrated that ZLMP110-277 and ZLMP277-110 have good binding affinity and specificity for both LMP1 and LMP2 in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, ZLMP110-277 and ZLMP277-110, especially ZLMP277-110, significantly reduced the cell viability of C666-1 and CNE-2Z as compared to their monospecific counterparts. ZLMP110-277 and ZLMP277-110 could inhibit phosphorylation of proteins modulated by the MEK/ERK/p90RSK signaling pathway, ultimately leading to suppression of oncogene nuclear translocations. Furthermore, ZLMP110-277 and ZLMP277-110 showed significant antitumor efficacy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma-bearing nude mice. Overall, our results demonstrated that ZLMP110-277 and ZLMP277-110, especially ZLMP277-110, are promising novel prognostic indicators for molecular imaging and targeted tumor therapy of EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saidu Kamara
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yanru Guo
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - He Wen
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Maolin Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Luqi Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shanli Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Deshmukh R, Prajapati M, Harwansh RK. A review on emerging targeted therapies for the management of metastatic colorectal cancers. Med Oncol 2023; 40:159. [PMID: 37097307 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancers are among the most commonly found cancers over the world. In spite of the recent advancements in diagnosis and prognosis, the management of this metastatic condition remains a challenge. The utility of monoclonal antibodies in the healing of patients with colorectal cancer has opened a new chapter in the quest for newer therapies. The resistance to the standard treatment regimen made it mandatory to search for newer targets. Mutagenic alterations in the gene engaged in cellular differentiation and growth pathway have been the reason for resistance to treatment. The newer therapies target the various proteins and receptors involved in the signal transduction and down streaming pathways leading to cell proliferation. This review presents an insight into the newer targeted therapies for colorectal cancer involving tyrosine kinase blockers, epidermal growth factor receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor, immune checkpoint therapy, and BRAF inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohitas Deshmukh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India.
| | - Mahendra Prajapati
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Ranjit K Harwansh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Iwasaki YW, Tharakaraman K, Subramanian V, Khongmanee A, Hatas A, Fleischer E, Rurak TT, Ngok-ngam P, Tit-oon P, Ruchirawat M, Satayavivad J, Fuangthong M, Sasisekharan R. Generation of bispecific antibodies by structure-guided redesign of IgG constant regions. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1063002. [PMID: 36703993 PMCID: PMC9871890 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1063002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) form an exciting class of bio-therapeutics owing to their multispecificity. Although numerous formats have been developed, generation of hetero-tetrameric IgG1-like BsAbs having acceptable safety and pharmacokinetics profiles from a single cell culture system remains challenging due to the heterogeneous pairing between the four chains. Herein, we employed a structure-guided approach to engineer mutations in the constant domain interfaces (CH1-CL and CH3-CH3) of heavy and κ light chains to prevent heavy-light mispairing in the antigen binding fragment (Fab) region and heavy-heavy homodimerization in the Fc region. Transient co-transfection of mammalian cells with heavy and light chains of pre-existing antibodies carrying the engineered constant domains generates BsAbs with percentage purity ranging from 78% to 85%. The engineered BsAbs demonstrate simultaneous binding of both antigens, while retaining the thermal stability, Fc-mediated effector properties and FcRn binding properties of the parental antibodies. Importantly, since the variable domains were not modified, the mutations may enable BsAb formation from antibodies belonging to different germline origins and isotypes. The rationally designed mutations reported in this work could serve as a starting point for generating optimized solutions required for large scale production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yordkhwan W. Iwasaki
- Program in Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kannan Tharakaraman
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Vidya Subramanian
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Amnart Khongmanee
- Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andrew Hatas
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Eduardo Fleischer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Troy T. Rurak
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Patchara Ngok-ngam
- Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phanthakarn Tit-oon
- Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mathuros Ruchirawat
- Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand,Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Office of the Permanent Secretary (OPS), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Program in Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand,Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Office of the Permanent Secretary (OPS), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Bangkok, Thailand,Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mayuree Fuangthong
- Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand,Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Office of the Permanent Secretary (OPS), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Bangkok, Thailand,Program in Applied Biological Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand,*Correspondence: Mayuree Fuangthong, ; Ram Sasisekharan,
| | - Ram Sasisekharan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Mayuree Fuangthong, ; Ram Sasisekharan,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rabia E, Garambois V, Dhommée C, Larbouret C, Lajoie L, Buscail Y, Jimenez-Dominguez G, Choblet-Thery S, Liaudet-Coopman E, Cerutti M, Jarlier M, Ravel P, Gros L, Pirot N, Thibault G, Zhukovsky EA, Gérard PE, Pèlegrin A, Colinge J, Chardès T. Design and selection of optimal ErbB-targeting bispecific antibodies in pancreatic cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1168444. [PMID: 37153618 PMCID: PMC10157173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1168444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases is a primary target for small molecules and antibodies for pancreatic cancer treatment. Nonetheless, the current treatments for this tumor are not optimal due to lack of efficacy, resistance, or toxicity. Here, using the novel BiXAb™ tetravalent format platform, we generated bispecific antibodies against EGFR, HER2, or HER3 by considering rational epitope combinations. We then screened these bispecific antibodies and compared them with the parental single antibodies and antibody pair combinations. The screen readouts included measuring binding to the cognate receptors (mono and bispecificity), intracellular phosphorylation signaling, cell proliferation, apoptosis and receptor expression, and also immune system engagement assays (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity). Among the 30 BiXAbs™ tested, we selected 3Patri-1Cetu-Fc, 3Patri-1Matu-Fc and 3Patri-2Trastu-Fc as lead candidates. The in vivo testing of these three highly efficient bispecific antibodies against EGFR and HER2 or HER3 in pre-clinical mouse models of pancreatic cancer showed deep antibody penetration in these dense tumors and robust tumor growth reduction. Application of such semi-rational/semi-empirical approach, which includes various immunological assays to compare pre-selected antibodies and their combinations with bispecific antibodies, represents the first attempt to identify potent bispecific antibodies against ErbB family members in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Rabia
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Garambois
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Dhommée
- GICC, Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christel Larbouret
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurie Lajoie
- GICC, Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Yoan Buscail
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Réseau d’Histologie Expérimentale de Montpellier, BioCampus, Université de Montpellier, UAR3426 CNRS-US09 INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Gabriel Jimenez-Dominguez
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Choblet-Thery
- Plateforme Bacfly, Baculovirus et Thérapie, BioCampus, UAR3426 CNRS-US09 INSERM, Saint-Christol-Lèz Alès, France
| | - Emmanuelle Liaudet-Coopman
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Martine Cerutti
- Plateforme Bacfly, Baculovirus et Thérapie, BioCampus, UAR3426 CNRS-US09 INSERM, Saint-Christol-Lèz Alès, France
| | - Marta Jarlier
- ICM, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrice Ravel
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Gros
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Nelly Pirot
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Réseau d’Histologie Expérimentale de Montpellier, BioCampus, Université de Montpellier, UAR3426 CNRS-US09 INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Thibault
- GICC, Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Eugene A. Zhukovsky
- Biomunex Pharmaceuticals, Incubateur Paris Biotech santé, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France
| | | | - André Pèlegrin
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Colinge
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Chardès
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Plateforme Bacfly, Baculovirus et Thérapie, BioCampus, UAR3426 CNRS-US09 INSERM, Saint-Christol-Lèz Alès, France
- CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Thierry Chardès,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cohen T, Halfon M, Carter L, Sharkey B, Jain T, Sivasubramanian A, Schneidman-Duhovny D. Multi-state modeling of antibody-antigen complexes with SAXS profiles and deep-learning models. Methods Enzymol 2022; 678:237-262. [PMID: 36641210 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are an established class of human therapeutics. Epitope characterization is an important part of therapeutic antibody discovery. However, structural characterization of antibody-antigen complexes remains challenging. On the one hand, X-ray crystallography or cryo-electron microscopy provide atomic resolution characterization of the epitope, but the data collection process is typically long and the success rate is low. On the other hand, computational methods for modeling antibody-antigen structures from the individual components frequently suffer from a high false positive rate, rarely resulting in a unique solution. Recent deep learning models for structure prediction are also successful in predicting protein-protein complexes. However, they do not perform well for antibody-antigen complexes. Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) is a reliable technique for rapid structural characterization of protein samples in solution albeit at low resolution. Here, we present an integrative approach for modeling antigen-antibody complexes using the antibody sequence, antigen structure, and experimentally determined SAXS profiles of the antibody, antigen, and the complex. The method models antibody structures using a novel deep-learning approach, NanoNet. The structures of the antibodies and antigens are represented using multiple 3D conformations to account for compositional and conformational heterogeneity of the protein samples that are used to collect the SAXS data. The complexes are predicted by integrating the SAXS profiles with scoring functions for protein-protein interfaces that are based on statistical potentials and antibody-specific deep-learning models. We validated the method via application to four Fab:EGFR and one Fab:PCSK9 antibody:antigen complexes with experimentally available SAXS datasets. The integrative approach returns accurate predictions (interface RMSD<4Å) in the top five predictions for four out of five complexes (respective interface RMSD values of 1.95, 2.18, 2.66 and 3.87Å), providing support for the utility of such a computational pipeline for epitope characterization during therapeutic antibody discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Cohen
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Matan Halfon
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lester Carter
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Beth Sharkey
- High-Throughput Expression, Adimab LLC, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Tushar Jain
- Computational Biology, Adimab LLC, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | | | - Dina Schneidman-Duhovny
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gandullo-Sánchez L, Ocaña A, Pandiella A. HER3 in cancer: from the bench to the bedside. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:310. [PMID: 36271429 PMCID: PMC9585794 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The HER3 protein, that belongs to the ErbB/HER receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family, is expressed in several types of tumors. That fact, together with the role of HER3 in promoting cell proliferation, implicate that targeting HER3 may have therapeutic relevance. Furthermore, expression and activation of HER3 has been linked to resistance to drugs that target other HER receptors such as agents that act on EGFR or HER2. In addition, HER3 has been associated to resistance to some chemotherapeutic drugs. Because of those circumstances, efforts to develop and test agents targeting HER3 have been carried out. Two types of agents targeting HER3 have been developed. The most abundant are antibodies or engineered antibody derivatives that specifically recognize the extracellular region of HER3. In addition, the use of aptamers specifically interacting with HER3, vaccines or HER3-targeting siRNAs have also been developed. Here we discuss the state of the art of the preclinical and clinical development of drugs aimed at targeting HER3 with therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gandullo-Sánchez
- grid.428472.f0000 0004 1794 2467Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC, IBSAL and CIBERONC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- grid.411068.a0000 0001 0671 5785Hospital Clínico San Carlos and CIBERONC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- grid.428472.f0000 0004 1794 2467Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC, IBSAL and CIBERONC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Understanding and Modulating Antibody Fine Specificity: Lessons from Combinatorial Biology. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11030048. [PMID: 35892708 PMCID: PMC9326607 DOI: 10.3390/antib11030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial biology methods such as phage and yeast display, suitable for the generation and screening of huge numbers of protein fragments and mutated variants, have been useful when dissecting the molecular details of the interactions between antibodies and their target antigens (mainly those of protein nature). The relevance of these studies goes far beyond the mere description of binding interfaces, as the information obtained has implications for the understanding of the chemistry of antibody–antigen binding reactions and the biological effects of antibodies. Further modification of the interactions through combinatorial methods to manipulate the key properties of antibodies (affinity and fine specificity) can result in the emergence of novel research tools and optimized therapeutics.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kuo YC, Kuo CF, Jenkins K, Hung AFH, Chang WC, Park M, Aguilar B, Starr R, Hibbard J, Brown C, Williams JC. Antibody-based redirection of universal Fabrack-CAR T cells selectively kill antigen bearing tumor cells. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003752. [PMID: 35728874 PMCID: PMC9214433 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells engineered to recognize and target tumor associated antigens have made a profound impact on the quality of life for many patients with cancer. However, tumor heterogeneity and intratumoral immune suppression reduce the efficacy of this approach, allowing for tumor cells devoid of the target antigen to seed disease recurrence. Here, we address the complexity of tumor heterogeneity by developing a universal CAR. Method We constructed a universal Fabrack-CAR with an extracellular domain composed of the non-tumor targeted, cyclic, twelve residue meditope peptide that binds specifically to an engineered binding pocket within the Fab arm of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). As this site is readily grafted onto therapeutic mAbs, the antigen specificity of these universal Fabrack-CAR T cells is simply conferred by administering mAbs with specificity to the heterogeneous tumor. Results Using in vitro and in vivo studies with multiple meditope-engineered mAbs, we show the feasibility, specificity, and robustness of this approach. These studies demonstrate antigen- and antibody-specific T cell activation, proliferation, and IFNγ production, selective killing of target cells in a mixed population, and tumor regression in animal models. Conclusion Collectively, these findings support the feasibility of this universal Fabrack-CAR T cell approach and provide the rationale for future clinical use in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chiu Kuo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Cheng-Fu Kuo
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Kurt Jenkins
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Alfur Fu-Hsin Hung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Wen-Chung Chang
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Miso Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Brenda Aguilar
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Renate Starr
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Hibbard
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Christine Brown
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - John C Williams
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Harwardt J, Bogen JP, Carrara SC, Ulitzka M, Grzeschik J, Hock B, Kolmar H. A Generic Strategy to Generate Bifunctional Two-in-One Antibodies by Chicken Immunization. Front Immunol 2022; 13:888838. [PMID: 35479092 PMCID: PMC9036444 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.888838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Various formats of bispecific antibodies exist, among them Two-in-One antibodies in which each Fab arm can bind to two different antigens. Their IgG-like architecture accounts for low immunogenicity and also circumvents laborious engineering and purification steps to facilitate correct chain pairing. Here we report for the first time the identification of a Two‐in‐One antibody by yeast surface display (YSD) screening of chicken-derived immune libraries. The resulting antibody simultaneously targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD-L1) at the same Fv fragment with two non-overlapping paratopes. The dual action Fab is capable of inhibiting EGFR signaling by binding to dimerization domain II as well as blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Furthermore, the Two-in-One antibody demonstrates specific cellular binding properties on EGFR/PD-L1 double positive tumor cells. The presented strategy relies solely on screening of combinational immune-libraries and obviates the need for any additional CDR engineering as described in previous reports. Therefore, this study paves the way for further development of therapeutic antibodies derived from avian immunization with novel and tailor-made binding properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Harwardt
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan P. Bogen
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Ferring Darmstadt Laboratory, Biologics Technology and Development, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefania C. Carrara
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Ferring Darmstadt Laboratory, Biologics Technology and Development, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Ulitzka
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Ferring Darmstadt Laboratory, Biologics Technology and Development, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julius Grzeschik
- Ferring Biologics Innovation Centre, Biologics Technology and Development, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Björn Hock
- Ferring Biologics Innovation Centre, Biologics Technology and Development, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthtic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Harald Kolmar,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang L, Qiao Y, Zong H, Han L, Ke Y, Pan Z, Chen J, Lu J, Li J, Ying T, Zhang B, Zhu J. IgG-like Bispecific Antibody CD3×EpCAM Generated by Split Intein Against Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:803059. [PMID: 35281893 PMCID: PMC8905292 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.803059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer is a commonly diagnosed cancer with high mortality worldwide. Postoperative recidivation and metastasis still are the main challenges in clinical treatments. Thus, it is urgent to develop new therapies against colorectal cancer. Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) is overexpressed in colorectal cancer cells and strongly associated with cancer development. Bispecific antibody (BsAb) is a kind of promising immunotherapy, which could recognize T cells and cancer cells simultaneously to achieve the anti-tumor effects. Methods: A bispecific antibody targeting EpCAM and CD3 with IgG format was genereated by split intein based on the Bispecific Antibody by Protein Splicing” platform. In vitro, the affinity of CD3×EpCAM BsAb was determined by Biolayer interferometry, its cytotoxicity was detected by LDH release assay, T cell recruitment and activation was detected by Flow Cytometry. In vivo, its pharmacokinetic parameters were detected, and anti-tumor effects were evaluated on the tumor cell xenograft mouse model. Results: The results showed that the CD3×EpCAM BsAb could activate and recruit T cells via binding colorectal cells and T cells, which could lead to more potent cytotoxicity to various colorectal cell lines than its parent EpCAM monoclonal antibody (mAb) in vitro. The CD3×EpCAM BsAb had similar pharmacokinetic parameters with EpCAM mAb and inhibits tumor growth on the SW480 tumor cell xenograft mouse model. Conclusion: The CD3×EpCAM BsAb could be a promising candidate for colorectal cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, MOE, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, MOE, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Zong
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, MOE, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Han
- Jecho Institute, Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China.,Jecho Biopharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Ke
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, MOE, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - ZhiDi Pan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, MOE, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, MOE, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Science, and School of Interprofessional Health Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, MOE, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, MOE, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Jecho Institute, Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China.,Jecho Biopharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Tianjin, China.,Jecho Laboratories, Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Moy RH, Walch HS, Mattar M, Chatila WK, Molena D, Strong VE, Tang LH, Maron SB, Coit DG, Jones DR, Hechtman JF, Solit DB, Schultz N, de Stanchina E, Janjigian YY. Defining and Targeting Esophagogastric Cancer Genomic Subsets With Patient-Derived Xenografts. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2100242. [PMID: 35138918 PMCID: PMC8865520 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Comprehensive genomic profiling has defined key oncogenic drivers and distinct molecular subtypes in esophagogastric cancer; however, the number of clinically actionable alterations remains limited. To establish preclinical models for testing genomically driven therapeutic strategies, we generated and characterized a large collection of esophagogastric cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). MATERIALS AND METHODS We established a biobank of 98 esophagogastric cancer PDX models derived from primary tumors and metastases. Clinicopathologic features of each PDX and the corresponding patient sample were annotated, including stage at diagnosis, treatment history, histology, and biomarker profile. To identify oncogenic DNA alterations, we analyzed and compared targeted sequencing performed on PDX and parent tumor pairs. We conducted xenotrials in genomically defined models with oncogenic drivers. RESULTS From April 2010 to June 2019, we implanted 276 patient tumors, of which 98 successfully engrafted (35.5%). This collection is enriched for PDXs derived from patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive esophagogastric adenocarcinoma (62 models, 63%), the majority of which were refractory to standard therapies including trastuzumab. Factors positively correlating with engraftment included advanced stage, metastatic origin, intestinal-type histology, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positivity. Mutations in TP53 and alterations in receptor tyrosine kinases (ERBB2 and EGFR), RAS/PI3K pathway genes, cell-cycle mediators (CDKN2A and CCNE1), and CDH1 were the predominant oncogenic drivers, recapitulating clinical tumor sequencing. We observed antitumor activity with rational combination strategies in models established from treatment-refractory disease. CONCLUSION The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center PDX collection recapitulates the heterogeneity of esophagogastric cancer and is a powerful resource to investigate mechanisms driving tumor progression, identify predictive biomarkers, and develop therapeutic strategies for molecularly defined subsets of esophagogastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan H. Moy
- Department of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Present address: Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Henry S. Walch
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Marissa Mattar
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Walid K. Chatila
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Tri-Institutional Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Daniela Molena
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Vivian E. Strong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Laura H. Tang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Steven B. Maron
- Department of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniel G. Coit
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - David R. Jones
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jaclyn F. Hechtman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - David B. Solit
- Department of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Yelena Y. Janjigian
- Department of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
DARPP-32 promotes ERBB3-mediated resistance to molecular targeted therapy in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2022; 41:83-98. [PMID: 34675407 PMCID: PMC8529229 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-refractory lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression is a major clinical problem. New approaches to predict and prevent acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs are urgently needed. Here, we show that dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32000 (DARPP-32) physically recruits ERBB3 (HER3) to EGFR to mediate switching from EGFR homodimers to EGFR:ERBB3 heterodimers to bypass EGFR TKI-mediated inhibition by potentiating ERBB3-dependent activation of oncogenic signaling. In paired LUAD patient-derived specimens before and after EGFR TKI-refractory disease progression, we reveal that DARPP-32 and kinase-activated EGFR and ERBB3 proteins are overexpressed upon acquired resistance. In mice, DARPP-32 ablation sensitizes gefitinib-resistant xenografts to EGFR TKIs, while DARPP-32 overexpression increases gefitinib-refractory LUAD progression in gefitinib-sensitive lung tumors. We introduce a DARPP-32-mediated, ERBB3-dependent mechanism the LUAD cells use to evade EGFR TKI-induced cell death, potentially paving the way for the development of therapies to better combat therapy-refractory LUAD progression.
Collapse
|
19
|
Shivange G, Mondal T, Lyerly E, Bhatnagar S, Landen CN, Reddy S, Kim J, Doan B, Riddle P, Tushir-Singh J. A patch of positively charged residues regulates the efficacy of clinical DR5 antibodies in solid tumors. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109953. [PMID: 34731630 PMCID: PMC8720280 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor clustering is the first and critical step to activate apoptosis by death receptor-5 (DR5). The recent discovery of the autoinhibitory DR5 ectodomain has challenged the long-standing view of its mechanistic activation by the natural ligand Apo2L. Because the autoinhibitory residues have remained unknown, here we characterize a crucial patch of positively charged residues (PPCR) in the highly variable domain of DR5. The PPCR electrostatically separates DR5 receptors to autoinhibit their clustering in the absence of ligand and antibody binding. Mutational substitution and antibody-mediated PPCR interference resulted in increased apoptotic cytotoxic function. A dually specific antibody that enables sustained tampering with PPCR function exceptionally enhanced DR5 clustering and apoptotic activation and distinctively improved the survival of animals bearing aggressive metastatic and recurrent tumors, whereas clinically tested DR5 antibodies without PPCR blockade function were largely ineffective. Our study provides mechanistic insights into DR5 activation and a therapeutic analytical design for potential clinical success.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibody Specificity
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Epitopes
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/immunology
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj Shivange
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA 22908, USA
| | - Tanmoy Mondal
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA 22908, USA
| | - Evan Lyerly
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA; Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Sanchita Bhatnagar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Shivani Reddy
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
| | - Jonathan Kim
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
| | - Britney Doan
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
| | - Paula Riddle
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
| | - Jogender Tushir-Singh
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA 22908, USA; University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charlottesville VA; UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ghalamfarsa F, Khatami SH, Vakili O, Taheri-Anganeh M, Tajbakhsh A, Savardashtaki A, Fazli Y, Uonaki LR, Shabaninejad Z, Movahedpour A, Ghalamfarsa G. Bispecific antibodies in colorectal cancer therapy: recent insights and emerging concepts. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:1355-1367. [PMID: 34641708 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is identified as a life-threatening malignancy. Despite several efforts and proceedings available for CRC therapy, it is still a health concern. Among a vast array of novel therapeutic procedures, employing bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) is currently considered to be a promising approach for cancer therapy. BsAbs, as a large family of molecules designed to realize two distinct epitopes or antigens, can be beneficial microgadgets to target the tumor-associated antigen pairs. On the other hand, applying the immune system's capabilities to attack malignant cells has been proven as a tremendous development in cancer therapeutic projects. The current study has attempted to overview some of the approved BsAbs in CRC therapy and those under clinical trials. For this purpose, reputable scientific search engines and databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, etc., were explored using the keywords 'bispecific antibodies', 'colorectal cancer', 'immunotherapy' and 'tumor markers'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Ghalamfarsa
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yousef Fazli
- Dena Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Leila Rezaei Uonaki
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabaninejad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Molavipordanjani S, Hosseinimehr SJ. The Radiolabeled HER3 Targeting Molecules for Tumor Imaging. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:141-152. [PMID: 34400948 PMCID: PMC8170765 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2021.114677.14991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family plays pivotal roles in physiologic and pathologic conditions (such as tumor growth, proliferation, and progression in multiple epithelial malignancies). All the family members are considered tyrosine kinase, while HER3 as a member of this family shows no intrinsic tyrosine kinase. HER3 is called ‘pseudokinase’ because it undergoes heterodimerization and forms dimers such as HER2-HER3 and HER1 (EGFR)-HER3. The exact role of HER3 in cancer is still unclear; however, the overexpression of this receptor is involved in the poor prognosis of malignancies. To that end, different studies investigated the development of radiotracers for imaging of HER3. The main focus of this review is to gather all the studies on developing new radiotracers for imaging of HER3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Molavipordanjani
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
A scDb-based trivalent bispecific antibody for T-cell-mediated killing of HER3-expressing cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13880. [PMID: 34230555 PMCID: PMC8260734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HER3 is a member of the EGF receptor family and elevated expression is associated with cancer progression and therapy resistance. HER3-specific T-cell engagers might be a suitable treatment option to circumvent the limited efficacy observed for HER3-blocking antibodies in clinical trials. In this study, we developed bispecific antibodies for T-cell retargeting to HER3-expressing tumor cells, utilizing either a single-chain diabody format (scDb) with one binding site for HER3 and one for CD3 on T-cells or a trivalent bispecific scDb-scFv fusion protein exhibiting an additional binding site for HER3. The scDb-scFv showed increased binding to HER3-expressing cancer cell lines compared to the scDb and consequently more effective T-cell activation and T-cell proliferation. Furthermore, the bivalent binding mode of the scDb-scFv for HER3 translated into more potent T-cell mediated cancer cell killing, and allowed to discriminate between moderate and low HER3-expressing target cells. Thus, our study demonstrated the applicability of HER3 for T-cell retargeting with bispecific antibodies, even at moderate expression levels, and the increased potency of an avidity-mediated specificity gain, potentially resulting in a wider safety window of bispecific T-cell engaging antibodies targeting HER3.
Collapse
|
23
|
Azadi A, Golchini A, Delazar S, Abarghooi Kahaki F, Dehnavi SM, Payandeh Z, Eyvazi S. Recent Advances on Immune Targeted Therapy of Colorectal Cancer Using bi-Specific Antibodies and Therapeutic Vaccines. Biol Proced Online 2021; 23:13. [PMID: 34193050 PMCID: PMC8245152 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-021-00147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a universal heterogeneous disease that is characterized by genetic and epigenetic alterations. Immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and cancer vaccines are substitute strategies for CRC treatment. When cancer immunotherapy is combined with chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy, the CRC treatment would become excessively efficient. One of the compelling immunotherapy approaches to increase the efficiency of CRC therapy is the deployment of therapeutic mAbs, nanobodies, bi-specific antibodies and cancer vaccines, which improve clinical outcomes in patients. Also, among the possible therapeutic approaches for CRC patients, gene vaccines in combination with antibodies are recently introduced as a new perspective. Here, we aimed to present the current progress in CRC immunotherapy, especially using Bi-specific antibodies and dendritic cells mRNA vaccines. For this aim, all data were extracted from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Elsevier, using keywords cancer vaccines; CRC immunotherapy and CRC mRNA vaccines. About 97 articles were selected and investigated completely based on the latest developments and novelties on bi-specific antibodies, mRNA vaccines, nanobodies, and MGD007.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azadi
- Department of Medicine, De La Salle Health Sciences Institute, Dasmariñas, Philippines
| | - Alireza Golchini
- Cancer surgery Department; Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Delazar
- Department of Radiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abarghooi Kahaki
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Dehnavi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Immunology Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Shirin Eyvazi
- Department of Biology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. .,Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sur D, Havasi A, Gorzo A, Burz C. A Critical Review of Second-Generation Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibodies in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:1034-1042. [PMID: 32718285 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200727121011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become a relevant solution for the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Current anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies face a series of problems, including resistance and non-durable response, and RAS and BRAF mutations serve as exclusion criteria for treatment with anti-EGFR mAbs. Advances in molecular tumor profiling and information on subsequent pathways responsible for disease progression and drug resistance helped develop a new generation of anti-EGFR mAbs. These second-generation mAbs have been developed to overcome existing resistance mechanisms and to limit common side effects. For the moment, existing literature suggests that these novel anti-EGFR mAbs are far from finding their way to clinical practice soon. OBJECTIVE In this review, we summarize and evaluate current data regarding ongoing research and completed clinical trials for different second-generation anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies. CONCLUSION Anti-EGFR mAbs exhibit efficacy in advanced colorectal cancer, but second-generation mAbs failed to prove their benefit in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Understanding the biological basis of primary and acquired drug resistance could allow scientists to design better clinical trials and develop improved second-generation mAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj- Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Havasi
- Department of Medical Oncology, "Ion Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alecsandra Gorzo
- Department of Medical Oncology, "Ion Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudia Burz
- Department of Medical Oncology, "Ion Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Elshiaty M, Schindler H, Christopoulos P. Principles and Current Clinical Landscape of Multispecific Antibodies against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5632. [PMID: 34073188 PMCID: PMC8198225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Building upon the resounding therapeutic success of monoclonal antibodies, and supported by accelerating progress in engineering methods, the field of multispecific therapeutic antibodies is growing rapidly. Over 140 different molecules are currently in clinical testing, with excellent results in recent phase 1-3 clinical trials for several of them. Multivalent bispecific IgG-modified formats predominate today, with a clear tendency for more target antigens and further increased valency in newer constructs. The strategies to augment anticancer efficacy are currently equally divided between disruption of multiple surface antigens, and additional redirection of cytotoxic T or NK lymphocytes against the tumor. Both effects complement other modern modalities, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies, with which multispecifics are increasingly applied in combination or merged, for example, in the form of antibody producing CAR-T cells and oncolytics. While mainly focused on B-cell malignancies early on, the contemporary multispecific antibody sector accommodates twice as many trials against solid compared to hematologic cancers. An exciting emerging prospect is the targeting of intracellular neoantigens using T-cell receptor (TCR) fusion proteins or TCR-mimic antibody fragments. Considering the fact that introduction of PD-(L)1 inhibitors only a few years ago has already facilitated 5-year survival rates of 30-50% for per se highly lethal neoplasms, such as metastatic melanoma and non-small-cell lung carcinoma, the upcoming enforcement of current treatments with "next-generation" immunotherapeutics, offers a justified hope for the cure of some advanced cancers in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Elshiaty
- Thoraxklinik and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.E.); (H.S.)
- Translational Lung Cancer Center Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannah Schindler
- Thoraxklinik and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.E.); (H.S.)
- Translational Lung Cancer Center Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petros Christopoulos
- Thoraxklinik and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.E.); (H.S.)
- Translational Lung Cancer Center Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ma J, Mo Y, Tang M, Shen J, Qi Y, Zhao W, Huang Y, Xu Y, Qian C. Bispecific Antibodies: From Research to Clinical Application. Front Immunol 2021; 12:626616. [PMID: 34025638 PMCID: PMC8131538 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.626616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are antibodies with two binding sites directed at two different antigens or two different epitopes on the same antigen. The clinical therapeutic effects of BsAbs are superior to those of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), with broad applications for tumor immunotherapy as well as for the treatment of other diseases. Recently, with progress in antibody or protein engineering and recombinant DNA technology, various platforms for generating different types of BsAbs based on novel strategies, for various uses, have been established. More than 30 mature commercial technology platforms have been used to create and develop BsAbs based on the heterologous recombination of heavy chains and matching of light chains. The detailed mechanisms of clinical/therapeutic action have been demonstrated with these different types of BsAbs. Three kinds of BsAbs have received market approval, and more than 110 types of BsAbs are at various stages of clinical trials. In this paper, we elaborate on the classic platforms, mechanisms, and applications of BsAbs. We hope that this review can stimulate new ideas for the development of BsAbs and improve current clinical strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Ma
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yicheng Mo
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Menglin Tang
- IND Center, Chongqing Institute of Precision Medicine and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Junjie Shen
- IND Center, Chongqing Precision Biotech Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Yanan Qi
- IND Center, Chongqing Institute of Precision Medicine and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Wenxu Zhao
- IND Center, Chongqing Institute of Precision Medicine and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- IND Center, Chongqing Precision Biotech Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Yanmin Xu
- IND Center, Chongqing Institute of Precision Medicine and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hong M, Yoo Y, Kim M, Kim JY, Cha JS, Choi MK, Kim U, Kim K, Sohn Y, Bae D, Cho HS, Hong SB. A Novel Therapeutic Anti-ErbB3, ISU104 Exhibits Potent Antitumorigenic Activity by Inhibiting Ligand Binding and ErbB3 Heterodimerization. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1142-1152. [PMID: 33782100 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ErbB3, a member of the ErbB receptor family, is a potent mediator in the development and progression of cancer, and its activation plays pivotal roles in acquired resistance against anti-EGFR therapies and other standard-of-care therapies. Upon ligand (NRG1) binding, ErbB3 forms heterodimers with other ErbB proteins (i.e., EGFR and ErbB2), which allows activation of downstream PI3K/Akt signaling. In this study, we developed a fully human anti-ErbB3 antibody, named ISU104, as an anticancer agent. ISU104 binds potently and specifically to the domain 3 of ErbB3. The complex structure of ErbB3-domain 3::ISU104-Fab revealed that ISU104 binds to the NRG1 binding region of domain 3. The elucidated structure suggested that the binding of ISU104 to ErbB3 would hinder not only ligand binding but also the structural changes required for heterodimerization. Biochemical studies confirmed these predictions. ISU104 inhibited ligand binding, ligand-dependent heterodimerization and phosphorylation, and induced the internalization of ErbB3. As a result, downstream Akt phosphorylation and cell proliferation were inhibited. The anticancer efficacy of ISU104 was demonstrated in xenograft models of various cancers. In summary, a highly potent ErbB3 targeting antibody, ISU104, is suitable for clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirim Hong
- Research Institute, ISU ABXIS Co., Ltd., Sungnam-si, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Youngki Yoo
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Research Institute, ISU ABXIS Co., Ltd., Sungnam-si, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Ju Yeon Kim
- Research Institute, ISU ABXIS Co., Ltd., Sungnam-si, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Jeong Seok Cha
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Myung Kyung Choi
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Uijin Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Kyungyong Kim
- Research Institute, ISU ABXIS Co., Ltd., Sungnam-si, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Youngsoo Sohn
- Research Institute, ISU ABXIS Co., Ltd., Sungnam-si, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Donggoo Bae
- Research Institute, ISU ABXIS Co., Ltd., Sungnam-si, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (South).
| | - Seung-Beom Hong
- Research Institute, ISU ABXIS Co., Ltd., Sungnam-si, Republic of Korea (South).
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yokoyama T, Ando T, Iwamoto R, Fuji D, Yamamoto M, Kawakami T. A human epidermal growth factor receptor 3/heregulin interaction inhibitor aptamer discovered using SELEX. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 553:148-153. [PMID: 33770580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) and heregulin (HRG) is involved in resistance to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted cancer treatment, such as therapies using anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody. Therefore, inhibition of the HER3/HRG interaction is potentially valuable therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this study, we used in vitro selection, also known as systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) against the extracellular domain of human HER3, and discovered a novel RNA aptamer. Pull-down and bio-layer interferometry assays showed that RNA aptamer discovered specifically bound to HER3 with a dissociation constant (KD) of 700 nM. Pull-down assays using chemiluminescence detection also revealed that the HER3-binding RNA aptamer inhibited interactions between HER3 and human HRG. These results indicated that the novel HER3-binding RNA aptamer has potential to be used as basic tool in a range of applications involving HER3/HRG interactions, including research, therapeutic, and diagnostic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Yokoyama
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Rina Iwamoto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fuji
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Mizuki Yamamoto
- Department of Integrated Applied Life Science, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawakami
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan; JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hassani D, Amiri MM, Mohammadi M, Yousefi P, Judaki MA, Mobini M, Golsaz-Shirazi F, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Shokri F. A novel tumor inhibitory hybridoma monoclonal antibody with dual specificity for HER3 and HER2. Curr Res Transl Med 2021; 69:103277. [PMID: 33639587 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2021.103277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER/ErbB) family-targeted therapies result in a significant improvement in cancer immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against HER2 demonstrated a survival benefit for patients; however, drug resistance unavoidably occurs due to the overexpression of HER3, which leads to treatment failure. Effective inhibition of HER3 besides HER2 is thought to be required to overcome resistance and enhance therapeutic efficacy. OBJECTIVE The present study describes the production and characterization of a novel MAb, designated 1G5D2, which acts as a natural bispecific antibody targeting extracellular domains (ECD) of both HER2 and HER3. METHODS In this study, 1G5D2 was produced by hybridoma technology against HER3-ECD, and its structural and functional characteristics were studied by various methodologies, including enzyme linked-immunosorbent assays, flow cytometry, immunoblotting, cell signaling, and cell proliferation assays. RESULTS 1G5D2 specifically binds to both HER2 (subdomain III + IV) and HER3 (subdomain I + II) expressed on tumor cells, and these receptors compete with each other for binding to this MAb. Competition flow cytometry experiments demonstrated that 1G5D2 does not compete with heregulin and recognizes an epitope out of HER3 ligand-binding site. Evaluation of 1G5D2 inhibitory effects in tumor cell lines co-expressing HER2 and HER3 showed that 1G5D2 synergizes with trastuzumab to inhibit both PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways and potently downregulates the proliferation of these tumor cells more efficiently than each MAb alone. CONCLUSION 1G5D2 is the first reported hybridoma antibody, which acts as a natural HER2/HER3 bispecific antibody. It might potentially be a suitable therapeutic candidate for HER2/HER3 overexpressing cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danesh Hassani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amiri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parisa Yousefi
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Judaki
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Mobini
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Forough Golsaz-Shirazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Haikala HM, Jänne PA. Thirty Years of HER3: From Basic Biology to Therapeutic Interventions. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3528-3539. [PMID: 33608318 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HER3 is a pseudokinase member of the EGFR family having a role in both tumor progression and drug resistance. Although HER3 was discovered more than 30 years ago, no therapeutic interventions have reached clinical approval to date. Because the evidence of the importance of HER3 is accumulating, increased amounts of preclinical and clinical trials with HER3-targeting agents are emerging. In this review article, we discuss the most recent HER3 biology in tumorigenic events and drug resistance and provide an overview of the current and emerging strategies to target HER3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Haikala
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hoseini SS, Espinosa-Cotton M, Guo HF, Cheung NKV. Overcoming leukemia heterogeneity by combining T cell engaging bispecific antibodies. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001626. [PMID: 33239418 PMCID: PMC7689592 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leukemia represents about 5% of all human cancers. Despite advances in therapeutics, a substantial number of patients succumb to the disease. Several subtypes of leukemia are inherently more resistant to treatment despite intensive chemotherapy or targeted therapy. Methods Here we describe the generation of T cell engaging (CD3) bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) built on humanized IgG frameworks using the IgG(L)-scFv format against two targets expressed on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and on acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Results Each BsAb mediated potent anti-leukemia effect against ALL (CD19) and AML (CD33) in vitro and in xenograft models. Importantly, the CD19-specific BsAb (BC250) was effective against hematogenous spread preventing metastases to liver and kidney in mice bearing ALL and Burkitt’s lymphoma xenografts. BC250 was more potent than the The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved BsAb blinatumomab against ALL xenografts in vivo as measured by tumor bioluminescence and mouse survival. Furthermore, the combination of the CD19 and CD33 BsAbs in two xenograft models of mixed phenotype acute leukemia (biphenotypic and bilineal leukemia) was far superior than monotherapy with either of the BsAbs alone. Conclusions Selective combinations of these leukemia-specific BsAb offer the potential to overcome tumor heterogeneity or clonal escape in the modern era of antibody-based T cell-driven immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong-Fen Guo
- Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hosseini SS, Khalili S, Baradaran B, Bidar N, Shahbazi MA, Mosafer J, Hashemzaei M, Mokhtarzadeh A, Hamblin MR. Bispecific monoclonal antibodies for targeted immunotherapy of solid tumors: Recent advances and clinical trials. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:1030-1047. [PMID: 33197478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodie (BsAbs) combine two or more epitope-recognizing sequences into a single protein molecule. The first therapeutic applications of BsAbs were focused on cancer therapy. However, these antibodies have grown to cover a wider disease spectrum, including imaging, diagnosis, prophylaxis, and therapy of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. BsAbs can be categorized into IgG-like formats and non-IgG-like formats. Different technologies have been used for the construction of BsAbs including "CrossMAb", "Quadroma", "knobs-into-holes" and molecular cloning. The mechanism of action for BsAbs includes the induction of CDC, ADCC, ADCP, apoptosis, and recruitment of cell surface receptors, as well as activation or inhibition of signaling pathways. The first clinical trials included mainly leukemia and lymphoma, but solid tumors are now being investigated. The BsAbs bind to a tumor-specific antigen using one epitope, while the second epitope binds to immune cell receptors such as CD3, CD16, CD64, and CD89, with the goal of stimulating the immune response against cancer cells. Currently, over 20 different commercial methods have been developed for the construction of BsAbs. Three BsAbs are currently clinically approved and marketed, and more than 85 clinical trials are in progress. In the present review, we discuss recent trends in the design, engineering, clinical applications, and clinical trials of BsAbs in solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Samad Hosseini
- Department of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Negar Bidar
- Department of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Jafar Mosafer
- Nanotechnology Research center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedical Science, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hashemzaei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kaumaya PTP. B-cell epitope peptide cancer vaccines: a new paradigm for combination immunotherapies with novel checkpoint peptide vaccine. Future Oncol 2020; 16:1767-1791. [PMID: 32564612 PMCID: PMC7426751 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of the numerous US FDA-approved humanized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for cancer immunotherapy, it is surprising that the advancement of B-cell epitope vaccines designed to elicit a natural humoral polyclonal antibody response has not gained traction in the immune-oncology landscape. Passive immunotherapy with humanized mAbs (Trastuzumab [Herceptin®]; Pertuzumab [Perjeta®]) has provided clinical benefit to breast cancer patients, albeit with significant shortcomings including toxicity problems and resistance, high costs, sophisticated therapeutic regimen and long half-life. The role of B-cell humoral immunity in cancer is under appreciated and underdeveloped. We have advanced the idea of active immunotherapy with chimeric B-cell epitope peptides incorporating a 'promiscuous' T-cell epitope that elicits a polyclonal antibody response, which provides safe, cost-effective therapeutic advantage over mAbs. We have created a portfolio of validated B-cell peptide epitopes against multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (HER-1, HER-3, IGF-1R and VEGF). We have successfully translated two HER-2 combination B-cell peptide vaccines in Phase I and II clinical trials. We have recently developed an effective novel PD-1 vaccine. In this article, I will review our approaches and strategies that focus on B-cell epitope cancer vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pravin TP Kaumaya
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The James Cancer Hospital & Solove Research Institute, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nakazawa H, Onodera-Sugano T, Sugiyama A, Tanaka Y, Hattori T, Niide T, Ogata H, Asano R, Kumagai I, Umetsu M. Association behavior and control of the quality of cancer therapeutic bispecific diabodies expressed in Escherichia coli. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
35
|
Arslan M, Karadag D, Kalyoncu S. Conformational changes in a Vernier zone region: Implications for antibody dual specificity. Proteins 2020; 88:1447-1457. [PMID: 32526069 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the determinants of antibody specificity is one of the challenging tasks in antibody development. Monospecific antibodies are still dominant in approved antibody therapeutics but there is a significant body of work to show that multispecific antibodies can increase the overall therapeutic effect. Dual-specific or "Two-in-One" antibodies can bind to two different antigens separately with the same antigen-binding site as opposed to bispecifics, which simultaneously bind to two different antigens through separate antigen-binding units. These nonstandard dual-specific antibodies were recently shown to be promising for new antibody-based therapeutics. Here, we physicochemically and structurally analyzed six different antibodies of which two are monospecific and four are dual-specific antibodies derived from monospecific templates to gain insight about dual-specificity determinants. These dual-specific antibodies can target both human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor at different binding affinities. We showed that a particular region of clustered Vernier zone residues might play key roles in gaining dual specificity. While there are minimal intramolecular interactions between a certain Vernier zone region, namely LV4 and LCDR1 of monospecific template, there is a significant structural change and consequently close contact formation between LV4-LCDR1 loops of derived dual-specific antibodies. Although Vernier zone residues were previously shown to be important for humanization applications, they are mostly underestimated in the literature. Here, we also aim to resurrect Vernier zone residues for antibody engineering efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Arslan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
A novel efficient bispecific antibody format, combining a conventional antigen-binding fragment with a single domain antibody, avoids potential heavy-light chain mis-pairing. J Immunol Methods 2020; 483:112811. [PMID: 32569598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to the technical innovations in generating bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) in recent years, BsAbs have become important reagents for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. However, the difficulty of producing a heterodimer consisting of two different arms with high yield and purity constituted a major limitation for their application in academic and clinical settings. Here, we describe a novel Fc-containing BsAb format (Fab × sdAb-Fc) composed of a conventional antigen-binding fragment (Fab), and a single domain antibody (sdAb), which avoids heavy-light chain mis-pairing during antibody assembly. In this study, the Fab x sdAb-Fc BsAbs were efficiently produced by three widely used heavy-heavy chain heterodimerization methods: Knobs-into-holes (KIH), Charge-pairs (CP) and controlled Fab-arm exchange (cFAE), respectively. The novel Fab x sdAb-Fc format provided a rapid and efficient strategy to generate BsAb with high purity and a unique possibility to further purify desired BsAbs from undesired antibodies based on molecular weight (MW). Compared to conventional BsAb formats, the advantages of Fab x sdAb-Fc format may thus provide a straightforward opportunity to apply bispecific antibody principles to research and development of novel targets and pathways in diseases such as cancer and autoimmunity.
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang J, Zhao Y, Cao Y, Yu Z, Wang G, Li Y, Ye X, Li C, Lin X, Song H. sRNA-Based Screening Chromosomal Gene Targets and Modular Designing Escherichia coli for High-Titer Production of Aglycosylated Immunoglobulin G. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1385-1394. [PMID: 32396719 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The production of the aglycosylated immunoglobulin G (IgG) in Escherichia coli has received wide interest for its analytical and therapeutic applications. To enhance the production titer of IgG, we first used synthetic sRNAs to perform a systematical analysis of the gene expression in the translational level in the glycolytic pathway (module 1) and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (module 2) to reveal the critical genes for the efficient IgG production. Second, to provide sufficient amino acid precursors for the protein biosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis pathways (module 3) were enhanced to facilitate the IgG production. Upon integrated engineering of these genes in the three modules (module 1, aceF; module 2, gltA and acnA; module 3, serB) and optimization of fermentation conditions, the recombinant E. coli enabled a titer of the full-assembled IgG of 4.5 ± 0.6 mg/L in flask cultures and 184 ± 9.2 mg/L in the 5 L high cell density fed-batch fermenter, which is, as far as we know, the highest reported titer of IgG production in recombinant E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yanshu Zhao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yingxiu Cao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhenpeng Yu
- Yangzhou Lianao Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd. and Yangzhou Aurisco Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Wanmei Road No. 5, Hanjiang Economic Development Zone, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225100, P. R. China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Yangzhou Lianao Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd. and Yangzhou Aurisco Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Wanmei Road No. 5, Hanjiang Economic Development Zone, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225100, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Li
- Yangzhou Lianao Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd. and Yangzhou Aurisco Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Wanmei Road No. 5, Hanjiang Economic Development Zone, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiong Ye
- Yangzhou Lianao Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd. and Yangzhou Aurisco Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Wanmei Road No. 5, Hanjiang Economic Development Zone, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225100, P. R. China
| | - Congfa Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xue Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Hao Song
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
A bispecific antibody (bsAb) can simultaneously bind two different epitopes or antigens, allowing for multiple mechanistic functions with synergistic effects. BsAbs have attracted significant scientific attentions and efforts towards their development as drugs for cancers. There are 21 bsAbs currently undergoing clinical trials in China. Here, we review their platform technologies, expression and production, and biological activities and bioassay of these bsAbs, and summarize their structural formats and mechanisms of actions. T-cell redirection and checkpoint inhibition are two main mechanisms of the bsAbs that we discuss in detail. Furthermore, we provide our perspective on the future of bsAb development in China, including CD3-bsAbs for solid tumors and related cytokine release syndromes, expression and chemistry, manufacturing and controls, clinical development, and immunogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Biolake City C2-1, No. 666 Gaoxin Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, China
| | - Jizu Yi
- Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Biolake City C2-1, No. 666 Gaoxin Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, China,To whom correspondence should be addressed. Jizu Yi or Pengfei Zhou. or
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Biolake City C2-1, No. 666 Gaoxin Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, China,To whom correspondence should be addressed. Jizu Yi or Pengfei Zhou. or
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wei W, Rosenkrans ZT, Liu J, Huang G, Luo QY, Cai W. ImmunoPET: Concept, Design, and Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:3787-3851. [PMID: 32202104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a paradigm-shifting molecular imaging modality combining the superior targeting specificity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) and the inherent sensitivity of PET technique. A variety of radionuclides and mAbs have been exploited to develop immunoPET probes, which has been driven by the development and optimization of radiochemistry and conjugation strategies. In addition, tumor-targeting vectors with a short circulation time (e.g., Nanobody) or with an enhanced binding affinity (e.g., bispecific antibody) are being used to design novel immunoPET probes. Accordingly, several immunoPET probes, such as 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab and 89Zr-atezolizumab, have been successfully translated for clinical use. By noninvasively and dynamically revealing the expression of heterogeneous tumor antigens, immunoPET imaging is gradually changing the theranostic landscape of several types of malignancies. ImmunoPET is the method of choice for imaging specific tumor markers, immune cells, immune checkpoints, and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the integration of immunoPET imaging in antibody drug development is of substantial significance because it provides pivotal information regarding antibody targeting abilities and distribution profiles. Herein, we present the latest immunoPET imaging strategies and their preclinical and clinical applications. We also emphasize current conjugation strategies that can be leveraged to develop next-generation immunoPET probes. Lastly, we discuss practical considerations to tune the development and translation of immunoPET imaging strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
London M, Gallo E. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) involvement in epithelial-derived cancers and its current antibody-based immunotherapies. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1267-1282. [PMID: 32162758 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is part of the family of tyrosine kinase receptors. The binding of EGFR to its cognate ligands leads to its autophosphorylation and subsequent activation of the signal transduction pathways involved in regulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Accordingly, this receptor carries out both redundant and restricted functions in the germline development of mammals and in the maintenance of various adult tissues. Correspondingly, the loss of EGFR regulation results in many human diseases, with the most notable cancer. This receptor is overexpressed and/or mutated in multiple epithelial-derived tumors, and associated with poor prognosis and survival in cancer patients. Here, we discuss in detail the role of EGFR in specific epithelial-derived cancer pathologies; these include lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and squamous cell carcinomas. The development of multiple anticancer agents against EGFR diminished the progression and metastasis of tumors. Some of the most versatile therapeutic anti-EGFR agents include the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), demonstrating success in clinical settings when used in combination with cytotoxic treatments, such as chemotherapy and/or radiation. We thus discuss the development and application of two of the most notable therapeutic mAbs, cetuximab, and panitumumab, currently utilized in various EGFR-related epithelial cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max London
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Eugenio Gallo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang J, Zhao Y, Cao Y, Yu Z, Wang G, Li Y, Ye X, Li C, Lin X, Song H. Synthetic sRNA-Based Engineering of Escherichia coli for Enhanced Production of Full-Length Immunoglobulin G. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900363. [PMID: 32034883 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) receives considerable attention in the pharmaceutical industry. There has been an increasing interest in the expression of mAbs in Escherichia coli for analytical and therapeutic applications in recent years. Here, a modular synthetic biology approach is developed to rationally engineer E. coli by designing three functional modules to facilitate high-titer production of immunoglobulin G (IgG). First, a bicistronic expression system is constructed and the expression of the key genes in the pyruvate metabolism is tuned by the technologies of synthetic sRNA translational repression and gene overexpression, thus enhancing the cellular material and energy metabolism of E. coli for IgG biosynthesis (module 1). Second, to prevent the IgG biodegradation by proteases, the expression of a number of key proteases is identified and inhibited via synthetic sRNAs (module 2). Third, molecular chaperones are co-expressed to promote the secretion and folding of IgG (module 3). Synergistic integration of the three modules into the resulting recombinant E. coli results in a yield of the full-length IgG ≈150 mg L-1 in a 5L fed-batch bioreactor. The modular synthetic biology approach could be of general use in the production of recombinant mAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE) , School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yanshu Zhao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE) , School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yingxiu Cao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE) , School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhenpeng Yu
- Yangzhou Lianao Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., and Yangzhou Aurisco Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Wanmei Road No. 5, Hanjiang Economic Development Zone, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225100, P. R. China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Yangzhou Lianao Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., and Yangzhou Aurisco Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Wanmei Road No. 5, Hanjiang Economic Development Zone, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225100, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Li
- Yangzhou Lianao Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., and Yangzhou Aurisco Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Wanmei Road No. 5, Hanjiang Economic Development Zone, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiong Ye
- Yangzhou Lianao Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., and Yangzhou Aurisco Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Wanmei Road No. 5, Hanjiang Economic Development Zone, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225100, P. R. China
| | - Congfa Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xue Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Hao Song
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE) , School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nie S, Wang Z, Moscoso-Castro M, D'Souza P, Lei C, Xu J, Gu J. Biology drives the discovery of bispecific antibodies as innovative therapeutics. Antib Ther 2020; 3:18-62. [PMID: 33928225 PMCID: PMC7990219 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A bispecific antibody (bsAb) is able to bind two different targets or two distinct epitopes on the same target. Broadly speaking, bsAbs can include any single molecule entity containing dual specificities with at least one being antigen-binding antibody domain. Besides additive effect or synergistic effect, the most fascinating applications of bsAbs are to enable novel and often therapeutically important concepts otherwise impossible by using monoclonal antibodies alone or their combination. This so-called obligate bsAbs could open up completely new avenue for developing novel therapeutics. With evolving understanding of structural architecture of various natural or engineered antigen-binding immunoglobulin domains and the connection of different domains of an immunoglobulin molecule, and with greatly improved understanding of molecular mechanisms of many biological processes, the landscape of therapeutic bsAbs has significantly changed in recent years. As of September 2019, over 110 bsAbs are under active clinical development, and near 180 in preclinical development. In this review article, we introduce a system that classifies bsAb formats into 30 categories based on their antigen-binding domains and the presence or absence of Fc domain. We further review the biology applications of approximately 290 bsAbs currently in preclinical and clinical development, with the attempt to illustrate the principle of selecting a bispecific format to meet biology needs and selecting a bispecific molecule as a clinical development candidate by 6 critical criteria. Given the novel mechanisms of many bsAbs, the potential unknown safety risk and risk/benefit should be evaluated carefully during preclinical and clinical development stages. Nevertheless we are optimistic that next decade will witness clinical success of bsAbs or multispecific antibodies employing some novel mechanisms of action and deliver the promise as next wave of antibody-based therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Nie
- WuXi Biologics, 299 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China and ,To whom correspondence should addressed. Jijie Guor Siwei Nie. or
| | - Zhuozhi Wang
- WuXi Biologics, 299 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China and
| | | | - Paul D'Souza
- Clarivate Analytics, Friars House, 160 Blackfriars Road, London SE1 8EZ, UK
| | - Can Lei
- Clarivate Analytics, Friars House, 160 Blackfriars Road, London SE1 8EZ, UK
| | - Jianqing Xu
- WuXi Biologics, 299 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China and
| | - Jijie Gu
- WuXi Biologics, 299 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China and ,To whom correspondence should addressed. Jijie Guor Siwei Nie. or
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
A bispecific IgG format containing four independent antigen binding sites. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1546. [PMID: 32005942 PMCID: PMC6994471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies come in many different formats, including the particularly interesting two-in-one antibodies, where one conventional IgG binds two different antigens. The IgG format allows these antibodies to mediate Fc-related functionality, and their wild-type structure ensures low immunogenicity and enables standard methods to be used for development. It is however difficult, time-consuming and costly to generate two-in-one antibodies. Herein we demonstrate a new approach to create a similar type of antibody by combining two different variable heavy (VH) domains in each Fab arm of an IgG, a tetra-VH IgG format. The VHs are used as building blocks, where one VH is placed at its usual position, and the second VH replaces the variable light (VL) domain in a conventional IgG. VH domains, binding several different types of antigens, were discovered and could be rearranged in any combination, offering a convenient "plug and play" format. The tetra-VH IgGs were found to be functionally tetravalent, binding two antigens on each arm of the IgG molecule simultaneously. This offers a new strategy to also create monospecific, tetravalent IgGs that, depending on antigen architecture and mode-of-action, may have enhanced efficacy compared to traditional bivalent antibodies.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Pseudokinases are members of the protein kinase superfamily but signal primarily through noncatalytic mechanisms. Many pseudokinases contribute to the pathologies of human diseases, yet they remain largely unexplored as drug targets owing to challenges associated with modulation of their biological functions. Our understanding of the structure and physiological roles of pseudokinases has improved substantially over the past decade, revealing intriguing similarities between pseudokinases and their catalytically active counterparts. Pseudokinases often adopt conformations that are analogous to those seen in catalytically active kinases and, in some cases, can also bind metal cations and/or nucleotides. Several clinically approved kinase inhibitors have been shown to influence the noncatalytic functions of active kinases, providing hope that similar properties in pseudokinases could be pharmacologically regulated. In this Review, we discuss known roles of pseudokinases in disease, their unique structural features and the progress that has been made towards developing pseudokinase-directed therapeutics.
Collapse
|
45
|
Chiu ML, Goulet DR, Teplyakov A, Gilliland GL. Antibody Structure and Function: The Basis for Engineering Therapeutics. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:antib8040055. [PMID: 31816964 PMCID: PMC6963682 DOI: 10.3390/antib8040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies and antibody-derived macromolecules have established themselves as the mainstay in protein-based therapeutic molecules (biologics). Our knowledge of the structure–function relationships of antibodies provides a platform for protein engineering that has been exploited to generate a wide range of biologics for a host of therapeutic indications. In this review, our basic understanding of the antibody structure is described along with how that knowledge has leveraged the engineering of antibody and antibody-related therapeutics having the appropriate antigen affinity, effector function, and biophysical properties. The platforms examined include the development of antibodies, antibody fragments, bispecific antibody, and antibody fusion products, whose efficacy and manufacturability can be improved via humanization, affinity modulation, and stability enhancement. We also review the design and selection of binding arms, and avidity modulation. Different strategies of preparing bispecific and multispecific molecules for an array of therapeutic applications are included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Chiu
- Drug Product Development Science, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Dennis R. Goulet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 357610, Seattle, WA 98195-7610, USA;
| | - Alexey Teplyakov
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA; (A.T.); (G.L.G.)
| | - Gary L. Gilliland
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA; (A.T.); (G.L.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Vartanian S, Lee J, Klijn C, Gnad F, Bagniewska M, Schaefer G, Zhang D, Tan J, Watson SA, Liu L, Chen H, Liang Y, Watanabe C, Cuellar T, Kan D, Hartmaier RJ, Lau T, Costa MR, Martin SE, Merchant M, Haley B, Stokoe D. ERBB3 and IGF1R Signaling Are Required for Nrf2-Dependent Growth in KEAP1-Mutant Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4828-4839. [PMID: 31416841 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in KEAP1 and NFE2L2 (encoding the protein Nrf2) are prevalent in both adeno and squamous subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer, as well as additional tumor indications. The consequence of these mutations is stabilized Nrf2 and chronic induction of a battery of Nrf2 target genes. We show that knockdown of Nrf2 caused modest growth inhibition of cells growing in two-dimension, which was more pronounced in cell lines expressing mutant KEAP1. In contrast, Nrf2 knockdown caused almost complete regression of established KEAP1-mutant tumors in mice, with little effect on wild-type (WT) KEAP1 tumors. The strong dependency on Nrf2 could be recapitulated in certain anchorage-independent growth environments and was not prevented by excess extracellular glutathione. A CRISPR screen was used to investigate the mechanism(s) underlying this dependence. We identified alternative pathways critical for Nrf2-dependent growth in KEAP1-mutant cell lines, including the redox proteins thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin, as well as the growth factor receptors IGF1R and ERBB3. IGF1R inhibition was effective in KEAP1-mutant cells compared with WT, especially under conditions of anchorage-independent growth. These results point to addiction of KEAP1-mutant tumor cells to Nrf2 and suggest that inhibition of Nrf2 or discrete druggable Nrf2 target genes such as IGF1R could be an effective therapeutic strategy for disabling these tumors. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies pathways activated by Nrf2 that are important for the proliferation and tumorigenicity of KEAP1-mutant non-small cell lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Florian Gnad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
| | | | | | - Donglu Zhang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics
| | | | | | - Liling Liu
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Yuxin Liang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Trinna Cuellar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Ted Lau
- Department of Discovery Oncology
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin Haley
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dietrich S, Gross AW, Becker S, Hock B, Stadlmayr G, Rüker F, Wozniak-Knopp G. Constant domain-exchanged Fab enables specific light chain pairing in heterodimeric bispecific SEED-antibodies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1868:140250. [PMID: 31295556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bispecific antibodies promise to broadly expand the clinical utility of monoclonal antibody technology. Several approaches for heterodimerization of heavy chains have been established to produce antibodies with two different Fab arms, but promiscuous pairing of heavy and light chains remains a challenge for their manufacturing. METHODS We have designed a solution in which the CH1 and CL domain pair in one of the Fab fragments is replaced with a CH3-domain pair and heterodimerized to facilitate correct modified Fab-chain pairing in bispecific heterodimeric antibodies based on a strand-exchange engineered domain (SEED) scaffold with specificity for epithelial growth factor receptor and either CD3 or CD16 (FcγRIII). RESULTS Bispecific antibodies retained binding to their target antigens and redirected primary T cells or NK cells to induce potent killing of target cells. All antibodies were expressed at a high yield in Expi293F cells, were detected as single sharp symmetrical peaks in size exclusion chromatography and retained high thermostability. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed specific heavy-to-light chain pairing for the bispecific SEED antibodies as well as for one-armed SEED antibodies co-expressed with two different competing light chains. CONCLUSION Incorporation of a constant domain-exchanged Fab fragment into a SEED antibody yields functional molecules with favorable biophysical properties. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results show that the novel engineered bispecific SEED antibody scaffold with an incorporated Fab fragment with CH3-exchanged constant domains is a promising tool for the generation of complete heterodimeric bispecific antibodies with correct light chain pairing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Dietrich
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Antibody Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alec W Gross
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Stefan Becker
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Björn Hock
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gerhard Stadlmayr
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Rüker
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gordana Wozniak-Knopp
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Schardt JS, Noonan-Shueh M, Oubaid JM, Pottash AE, Williams SC, Hussain A, Lapidus RG, Lipkowitz S, Jay SM. HER3-Targeted Affibodies with Optimized Formats Reduce Ovarian Cancer Progression in a Mouse Xenograft Model. AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:48. [PMID: 30949858 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase HER3 is negatively correlated with survival in ovarian cancer, and HER3 overexpression is associated with cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Thus, improvements in HER3-targeted therapy could lead to significant clinical impact for ovarian cancer patients. Previous work from our group established multivalency as a potential strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of HER3-targeted ligands, including affibodies. Others have established HER3 affibodies as viable and potentially superior alternatives to monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy. Here, bivalent HER3 affibodies were engineered for optimized production, specificity, and function as evaluated in an ovarian cancer xenograft model. Enhanced inhibition of HER3-mediated signaling and increased HER3 downregulation associated with multivalency could be achieved with a simplified construct, potentially increasing translational potential. Additionally, functional effects of affibodies due to multivalency were found to be specific to HER3 targeting, suggesting a unique molecular mechanism. Further, HER3 affibodies demonstrated efficacy in ovarian cancer xenograft mouse models, both as single agents and in combination with carboplatin. Overall, these results reinforce the potential of HER3-targeted affibodies for cancer therapy and establish treatment of ovarian cancer as an application where multivalent HER3 ligands may be useful. Further, this work introduces the potential of HER3 affibodies to be utilized as part of clinically relevant combination therapies (e.g., with carboplatin).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S Schardt
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3116 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA.,Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Madeleine Noonan-Shueh
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3116 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Jinan M Oubaid
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3116 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Alex Eli Pottash
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3116 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Sonya C Williams
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3116 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Arif Hussain
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rena G Lapidus
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.,Translational Laboratory Shared Service, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven M Jay
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3116 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA. .,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America. .,Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fu W, Lei C, Yu Y, Liu S, Li T, Lin F, Fan X, Shen Y, Ding M, Tang Y, Ye X, Yang Y, Hu S. EGFR/Notch Antagonists Enhance the Response to Inhibitors of the PI3K-Akt Pathway by Decreasing Tumor-Initiating Cell Frequency. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:2835-2847. [PMID: 30670492 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Both EGFR and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways have been used as therapeutically actionable targets, but resistance is frequently reported. In this report, we show that enrichment of the cancer stem cell (CSC) subsets and dysregulation of Notch signaling underlie the challenges to therapy and describe the development of bispecific antibodies targeting both HER and Notch signaling. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We utilized cell-based models to study Notch signaling in drug-induced CSC expansion. Both cancer cell line models and patient-derived xenograft tumors were used to evaluate the antitumor effects of bispecific antibodies. Cell assays, flow cytometry, qPCR, and in vivo serial transplantation assays were employed to investigate the mechanisms of action and pharmacodynamic readouts. RESULTS We found that EGFR/Notch targeting bispecific antibodies exhibited a notable antistem cell effect in both in vitro and in vivo assays. Bispecific antibodies delayed the occurrence of acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer cell line-based models and showed efficacy in patient-derived xenografts. Moreover, the EGFR/Notch bispecific antibody PTG12 in combination with GDC-0941 exerted a stronger antitumor effect than the combined therapy of PI3K inhibitor with EGFR inhibitors or tarextumab in a broad spectrum of epithelial tumors. Mechanistically, bispecific antibody treatment inhibits the stem cell-like subpopulation, reduces tumor-initiating cell frequency, and downregulates the mesenchymal gene expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the coblockade of EGFR and Notch signaling has the potential to increase the response to PI3K inhibition, and PTG12 may gain clinical efficacy when combined with PI3K blockage in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Fu
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhai Lei
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Team SMMU-China of International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Competitions, Department of Biophysics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuowu Liu
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Team SMMU-China of International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Competitions, Department of Biophysics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Team SMMU-China of International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Competitions, Department of Biophysics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangxing Lin
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafeng Shen
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Ding
- Pharchoice Therapeutics Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuting Ye
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongji Yang
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Hu
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. .,Team SMMU-China of International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Competitions, Department of Biophysics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kareemaghay S, Tavassoli M. Clinical immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of head and neck cancer. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 48:419-436. [PMID: 30401512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, accounting for more than 550,000 cases and 380,000 deaths annually. The primary risk factors associated with HNSCC are tobacco use and alcohol consumption; nevertheless genetic predisposition and oncogenic viruses also play important roles in the development of these malignancies. The current treatments for HNSCC patients include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and cetuximab, and combinations of these. However, these treatments are associated with significant toxicity, and many patients are either refractory to the treatment or relapse after a short period. Despite improvements in the treatment of patients with HNSCC, the clinical outcomes of those who have been treated with standard therapies have remained unchanged for over three decades and the 5-year overall survival rate in these patients remains around 40-50%. Therefore, more specific and less toxic therapies are needed in order to improve patient outcomes. The tumour microenvironment of HNSCC is immunosuppressive; therefore immunotherapy strategies that can overcome the immunosuppressive environment and produce long-term tumour immunosurveillance will have a significant therapeutic impact in these patients. This review focuses on the current immunological treatment options under investigation or available for clinical use in patients with HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kareemaghay
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Tavassoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|