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Herr LM, Schaffer ED, Fuchs KF, Datta A, Brosh RM. Replication stress as a driver of cellular senescence and aging. Commun Biol 2024; 7:616. [PMID: 38777831 PMCID: PMC11111458 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Replication stress refers to slowing or stalling of replication fork progression during DNA synthesis that disrupts faithful copying of the genome. While long considered a nexus for DNA damage, the role of replication stress in aging is under-appreciated. The consequential role of replication stress in promotion of organismal aging phenotypes is evidenced by an extensive list of hereditary accelerated aging disorders marked by molecular defects in factors that promote replication fork progression and operate uniquely in the replication stress response. Additionally, recent studies have revealed cellular pathways and phenotypes elicited by replication stress that align with designated hallmarks of aging. Here we review recent advances demonstrating the role of replication stress as an ultimate driver of cellular senescence and aging. We discuss clinical implications of the intriguing links between cellular senescence and aging including application of senotherapeutic approaches in the context of replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Herr
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ethan D Schaffer
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen F Fuchs
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arindam Datta
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Mao J, Ni J, Chu L, Chu X, Xu D, Yang X, Zhu Z. Pamiparib as consolidation treatment after concurrent chemoradiotherapy of limited-stage small cell lung cancer: a single-arm, open-label phase 2 trial. Radiat Oncol 2024; 19:47. [PMID: 38610031 PMCID: PMC11010395 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-024-02437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is highly invasive with poor prognosis, and its treatment has historically been hindered due to the absence of targetable driver genomic alterations. However, the high genomic instability and replication stress in SCLC have made poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) inhibitors a focus of research. Pamiparib is an orally available PARP1/2 inhibitor with high selectivity, strong PARP trapping activity, and excellent brain penetration. Utilizing pamiparib as consolidation maintenance therapy in limited-stage SCLC holds promise for improving survival outcomes and offering a viable therapeutic approach. METHODS This single-arm, open-label phase II trial will enroll patients aged 18-75 years with histologically/cytologically confirmed, limited-stage SCLC who have not progressed following definitive platinum-based cCRT and have an ECOG PS of 0 or 1. Patients will be excluded if they have histologically confirmed mixed SCLC or NSCLC, or have undergone previous tumor resection, or can be treated with surgery or stereotactic body radiation therapy/stereotactic ablative radiation therapy. Participants will receive pamiparib 40 mg twice daily every 3 weeks within 2 to 6 weeks after cCRT for up to 1 year or until disease progression according to RECIST v1.1. The primary endpoint is the 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate assessed by investigators per RECIST v1.1. Secondary endpoints include PFS, objective response rate, and duration of response assessed by investigators per RECIST 1.1, overall survival, time to distant metastasis, and safety. DISCUSSION The study will provide valuable data on the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of pamiparib as a consolidation therapy after cCRT in patients with LS-SCLC. The correlation between molecular typing or gene expression profile of the disease and curative response will be further explored. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05483543 at clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuang Mao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianjiao Ni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Chu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao Chu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dayu Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhengfei Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, 270 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Datta I, Bangi E. Senescent cells and macrophages cooperate through a multi-kinase signaling network to promote intestinal transformation in Drosophila. Dev Cell 2024; 59:566-578.e3. [PMID: 38309266 PMCID: PMC10939848 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a conserved biological process that plays a crucial and context-dependent role in cancer. The highly heterogeneous and dynamic nature of senescent cells and their small numbers in tissues make in vivo mechanistic studies of senescence challenging. As a result, how multiple senescence-inducing signals are integrated in vivo to drive senescence in only a small number of cells is unclear. Here, we identify cells that exhibit multiple features of senescence in a Drosophila model of intestinal transformation, which emerge in response to concurrent activation of AKT, JNK, and DNA damage signaling within transformed tissue. Eliminating senescent cells, genetically or by treatment with senolytic compounds, reduces overgrowth and improves survival. We find that senescent cells promote tumorigenesis by recruiting Drosophila macrophages to the transformed tissue, which results in non-autonomous activation of JNK signaling. These findings identify senescent cell-macrophage interactions as an important driver of epithelial transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwaree Datta
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Erdem Bangi
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA.
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Tangudu NK, Huang Z, Fang R, Buj R, Uboveja A, Cole AR, Happe C, Sun M, Gelhaus SL, MacDonald ML, Hempel N, Snyder NW, Aird KM. ATR promotes mTORC1 activation via de novo cholesterol synthesis in p16-low cancer cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.27.564195. [PMID: 37961201 PMCID: PMC10634888 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.27.564195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage and cellular metabolism are intricately linked with bidirectional feedback. Two of the main effectors of the DNA damage response and control of cellular metabolism are ATR and mTORC1, respectively. Prior work has placed ATR upstream of mTORC1 during replication stress, yet the direct mechanism for how mTORC1 is activated in this context remain unclear. We previously published that p16-low cells have mTORC1 hyperactivation, which in part promotes their proliferation. Using this model, we found that ATR, but not ATM, is upstream of mTORC1 activation via de novo cholesterol synthesis and is associated with increased lanosterol synthase (LSS). Indeed, p16-low cells showed increased cholesterol abundance. Additionally, knockdown of either ATR or LSS decreased mTORC1 activity. Decreased mTORC1 activity due to ATR knockdown was rescued by cholesterol supplementation. Finally, using both LSS inhibitors and multiple FDA-approved de novo cholesterol synthesis inhibitors, we found that the de novo cholesterol biosynthesis pathway is a metabolic vulnerability of p16-low cells. Together, our data provide new evidence coupling the DNA damage response and cholesterol metabolism and demonstrate the feasibility of using FDA-approved cholesterol-lowering drugs in tumors with loss of p16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Tangudu
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Zhentai Huang
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Richard Fang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Raquel Buj
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Apoorva Uboveja
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Aidan R. Cole
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Cassandra Happe
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Mai Sun
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Stacy L. Gelhaus
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Matthew L. MacDonald
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nadine Hempel
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katherine M. Aird
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
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5
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Hom LM, Sun S, Campbell J, Liu P, Culbert S, Murphy IM, Schafer ZT. A role for fibroblast-derived SASP factors in the activation of pyroptotic cell death in mammary epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104922. [PMID: 37321449 PMCID: PMC10404679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In normal tissue homeostasis, bidirectional communication between different cell types can shape numerous biological outcomes. Many studies have documented instances of reciprocal communication between fibroblasts and cancer cells that functionally change cancer cell behavior. However, less is known about how these heterotypic interactions shape epithelial cell function in the absence of oncogenic transformation. Furthermore, fibroblasts are prone to undergo senescence, which is typified by an irreversible cell cycle arrest. Senescent fibroblasts are also known to secrete various cytokines into the extracellular space; a phenomenon that is termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). While the role of fibroblast-derived SASP factors on cancer cells has been well studied, the impact of these factors on normal epithelial cells remains poorly understood. We discovered that treatment of normal mammary epithelial cells with conditioned media from senescent fibroblasts (SASP CM) results in a caspase-dependent cell death. This capacity of SASP CM to cause cell death is maintained across multiple senescence-inducing stimuli. However, the activation of oncogenic signaling in mammary epithelial cells mitigates the ability of SASP CM to induce cell death. Despite the reliance of this cell death on caspase activation, we discovered that SASP CM does not cause cell death by the extrinsic or intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Instead, these cells die by an NLRP3, caspase-1, and gasdermin D-dependent induction of pyroptosis. Taken together, our findings reveal that senescent fibroblasts can cause pyroptosis in neighboring mammary epithelial cells, which has implications for therapeutic strategies that perturb the behavior of senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Hom
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Seunghoon Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Jamie Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Pinyan Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Shannon Culbert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Ireland M Murphy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Zachary T Schafer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
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Datta I, Bangi E. Senescent cells and macrophages cooperate through a multi-kinase signaling network to promote intestinal transformation in Drosophila. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.15.540869. [PMID: 37292988 PMCID: PMC10245684 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.15.540869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a conserved biological process essential for embryonic development, tissue remodeling, repair, and a key regulator of aging. Senescence also plays a crucial role in cancer, though this role can be tumor-suppressive or tumor-promoting, depending on the genetic context and the microenvironment. The highly heterogeneous, dynamic, and context-dependent nature of senescence-associated features and the relatively small numbers of senescent cells in tissues makes in vivo mechanistic studies of senescence challenging. As a result, which senescence-associated features are observed in which disease contexts and how they contribute to disease phenotypes remain largely unknown. Similarly, the specific mechanisms by which various senescence-inducing signals are integrated in vivo to induce senescence and why some cells become senescent while their immediate neighbors do not are unclear. Here, we identify a small number of cells that exhibit multiple features of senescence in a genetically complex model of intestinal transformation we recently established in the developing Drosophila larval hindgut epithelium. We demonstrate that these cells emerge in response to concurrent activation of AKT, JNK, and DNA damage response pathways within transformed tissue. Eliminating senescent cells, genetically or by treatment with senolytic compounds, reduces overgrowth and improves survival. We find that this tumor-promoting role is mediated by Drosophila macrophages recruited to the transformed tissue by senescent cells, which results in non-autonomous activation of JNK signaling within the transformed epithelium. These findings emphasize complex cell-cell interactions underlying epithelial transformation and identify senescent cell-macrophage interactions as a potential druggable node in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwaree Datta
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Erdem Bangi
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
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7
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Malayil R, Chhichholiya Y, Vasudeva K, Singh HV, Singh T, Singh S, Munshi A. Oncogenic metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer: focus on signaling pathways and mitochondrial genes. Med Oncol 2023; 40:174. [PMID: 37170010 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic metabolic reprogramming impacts the abundance of key metabolites that regulate signaling and epigenetics. Metabolic vulnerability in the cancer cell is evident from the Warburg effect. The research on metabolism in the progression and survival of breast cancer (BC) is under focus. Oncogenic signal activation and loss of tumor suppressor are important regulators of tumor cell metabolism. Several intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to metabolic reprogramming. The molecular mechanisms underpinning metabolic reprogramming in BC are extensive and only partially defined. Various signaling pathways involved in the metabolism play a significant role in the modulation of BC. Notably, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, lactate-ERK/STAT3 signaling, loss of the tumor suppressor Ras, Myc, oxidative stress, activation of the cellular hypoxic response and acidosis contribute to different metabolic reprogramming phenotypes linked to enhanced glycolysis. The alterations in mitochondrial genes have also been elaborated upon along with their functional implications. The outcome of these active research areas might contribute to the development of novel therapeutic interventions and the remodeling of known drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhuthuparna Malayil
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Yogita Chhichholiya
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | | | - Harsh Vikram Singh
- Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
| | - Tashvinder Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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8
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Hom LM, Sun S, Campbell J, Liu P, Culbert S, Murphy IM, Schafer ZT. A role for fibroblast-derived SASP factors in the activation of pyroptotic cell death in mammary epithelial cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.21.529458. [PMID: 36865231 PMCID: PMC9980130 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.21.529458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
In normal tissue homeostasis, bidirectional communication between different cell types can shape numerous biological outcomes. Many studies have documented instances of reciprocal communication between fibroblasts and cancer cells that functionally change cancer cell behavior. However, less is known about how these heterotypic interactions shape epithelial cell function in the absence of oncogenic transformation. Furthermore, fibroblasts are prone to undergo senescence, which is typified by an irreversible cell cycle arrest. Senescent fibroblasts are also known to secrete various cytokines into the extracellular space; a phenomenon that is termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). While the role of fibroblast derived SASP factors on cancer cells has been well studied, the impact of these factors on normal epithelial cells remains poorly understood. We discovered that treatment of normal mammary epithelial cells with conditioned media (CM) from senescent fibroblasts (SASP CM) results in a caspase-dependent cell death. This capacity of SASP CM to cause cell death is maintained across multiple senescence-inducing stimuli. However, the activation of oncogenic signaling in mammary epithelial cells mitigates the ability of SASP CM to induce cell death. Despite the reliance of this cell death on caspase activation, we discovered that SASP CM does not cause cell death by the extrinsic or intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Instead, these cells die by an NLRP3, caspase-1, and gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent induction of pyroptosis. Taken together, our findings reveal that senescent fibroblasts can cause pyroptosis in neighboring mammary epithelial cells, which has implications for therapeutic strategies that perturb the behavior of senescent cells.
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Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Large T Antigen Induces Cellular Senescence for Host Growth Arrest and Viral Genome Persistence through Its Unique Domain. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030380. [PMID: 36766726 PMCID: PMC9913222 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate in the host during the aging process and are associated with age-related pathogeneses, including cancer. Although persistent senescence seems to contribute to many aspects of cellular pathways and homeostasis, the role of senescence in virus-induced human cancer is not well understood. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer induced by a life-long human infection of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Here, we show that MCPyV large T (LT) antigen expression in human skin fibroblasts causes a novel nucleolar stress response, followed by p21-dependent senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs), which are required for MCPyV genome maintenance. Senolytic and navitoclax treatments result in decreased senescence and MCPyV genome levels, suggesting a potential therapeutic for MCC prevention. Our results uncover the mechanism of a host stress response regulating human polyomavirus genome maintenance in viral persistency, which may lead to targeted intervention for MCC.
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Huang Z, Chen CW, Buj R, Tangudu NK, Fang RS, Leon KE, Dahl ES, Varner EL, von Krusenstiern E, Cole AR, Snyder NW, Aird KM. ATM inhibition drives metabolic adaptation via induction of macropinocytosis. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202007026. [PMID: 36399181 PMCID: PMC9679964 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a nonspecific endocytic process that may enhance cancer cell survival under nutrient-poor conditions. Ataxia-Telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a tumor suppressor that has been previously shown to play a role in cellular metabolic reprogramming. We report that the suppression of ATM increases macropinocytosis to promote cancer cell survival in nutrient-poor conditions. Combined inhibition of ATM and macropinocytosis suppressed proliferation and induced cell death both in vitro and in vivo. Supplementation of ATM-inhibited cells with amino acids, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in particular, abrogated macropinocytosis. Analysis of ATM-inhibited cells in vitro demonstrated increased BCAA uptake, and metabolomics of ascites and interstitial fluid from tumors indicated decreased BCAAs in the microenvironment of ATM-inhibited tumors. These data reveal a novel basis of ATM-mediated tumor suppression whereby loss of ATM stimulates protumorigenic uptake of nutrients in part via macropinocytosis to promote cancer cell survival and reveal a potential metabolic vulnerability of ATM-inhibited cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentai Huang
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Chi-Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Raquel Buj
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Naveen Kumar Tangudu
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Richard S. Fang
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kelly E. Leon
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Erika S. Dahl
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Erika L. Varner
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eliana von Krusenstiern
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Aidan R. Cole
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katherine M. Aird
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Glucose 6-P Dehydrogenase—An Antioxidant Enzyme with Regulatory Functions in Skeletal Muscle during Exercise. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193041. [PMID: 36231003 PMCID: PMC9563910 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomorphic Glucose 6-P dehydrogenase (G6PD) alleles, which cause G6PD deficiency, affect around one in twenty people worldwide. The high incidence of G6PD deficiency may reflect an evolutionary adaptation to the widespread prevalence of malaria, as G6PD-deficient red blood cells (RBCs) are hostile to the malaria parasites that infect humans. Although medical interest in this enzyme deficiency has been mainly focused on RBCs, more recent evidence suggests that there are broader implications for G6PD deficiency in health, including in skeletal muscle diseases. G6PD catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which provides the precursors of nucleotide synthesis for DNA replication as well as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). NADPH is involved in the detoxification of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and de novo lipid synthesis. An association between increased PPP activity and the stimulation of cell growth has been reported in different tissues including the skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney. PPP activity is increased in skeletal muscle during embryogenesis, denervation, ischemia, mechanical overload, the injection of myonecrotic agents, and physical exercise. In fact, the highest relative increase in the activity of skeletal muscle enzymes after one bout of exhaustive exercise is that of G6PD, suggesting that the activation of the PPP occurs in skeletal muscle to provide substrates for muscle repair. The age-associated loss in muscle mass and strength leads to a decrease in G6PD activity and protein content in skeletal muscle. G6PD overexpression in Drosophila Melanogaster and mice protects against metabolic stress, oxidative damage, and age-associated functional decline, and results in an extended median lifespan. This review discusses whether the well-known positive effects of exercise training in skeletal muscle are mediated through an increase in G6PD.
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Llop-Hernández À, Verdura S, Cuyàs E, Menendez JA. Nutritional Niches of Cancer Therapy-Induced Senescent Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173636. [PMID: 36079891 PMCID: PMC9460569 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy-induced senescence (TIS) is a state of stable proliferative arrest of both normal and neoplastic cells that is triggered by exposure to anticancer treatments. TIS cells acquire a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which is pro-inflammatory and actively promotes tumor relapse and adverse side-effects in patients. Here, we hypothesized that TIS cells adapt their scavenging and catabolic ability to overcome the nutritional constraints in their microenvironmental niches. We used a panel of mechanistically-diverse TIS triggers (i.e., bleomycin, doxorubicin, alisertib, and palbociclib) and Biolog Phenotype MicroArrays to identify (among 190 different carbon and nitrogen sources) candidate metabolites that support the survival of TIS cells in limiting nutrient conditions. We provide evidence of distinguishable TIS-associated nutrient consumption profiles involving a core set of shared (e.g., glutamine) and unique (e.g., glucose-1-phosphate, inosine, and uridine) nutritional sources after diverse senescence-inducing interventions. We also observed a trend for an inverse correlation between the intensity of the pro-inflammatory SASP provoked by different TIS agents and diversity of compensatory nutritional niches utilizable by senescent cells. These findings support the detailed exploration of the nutritional niche as a new metabolic dimension to understand and target TIS in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Verdura
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17005 Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, 17190 Girona, Spain
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17005 Girona, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.C.); or (J.A.M.)
| | - Javier A. Menendez
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, 17190 Girona, Spain
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17005 Girona, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.C.); or (J.A.M.)
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13
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Ripk3 signaling regulates HSCs during stress and represses radiation-induced leukemia in mice. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1428-1441. [PMID: 35561683 PMCID: PMC9213819 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (Ripk3) is one of the critical mediators of inflammatory cytokine-stimulated signaling. Here we show that Ripk3 signaling selectively regulates both the number and the function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during stress conditions. Ripk3 signaling is not required for normal homeostatic hematopoiesis. However, in response to serial transplantation, inactivation of Ripk3 signaling prevents stress-induced HSC exhaustion and functional HSC attenuation, while in response to fractionated low doses of ionizing radiation (IR), inactivation of Ripk3 signaling accelerates leukemia/lymphoma development. In both situations, Ripk3 signaling is primarily stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-α. Activated Ripk3 signaling promotes the elimination of HSCs during serial transplantation and pre-leukemia stem cells (pre-LSCs) during fractionated IR by inducing Mlkl-dependent necroptosis. Activated Ripk3 signaling also attenuates HSC functioning and represses a pre-LSC-to-LSC transformation by promoting Mlkl-independent senescence. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Ripk3 signaling induces senescence in HSCs and pre-LSCs by attenuating ISR-mediated mitochondrial quality control. Ripk3-Mlkl signaling is not required for normal homeostatic hematopoiesis Ripk3-Mlkl signaling promotes HSC loss during serial transplantation or low-dose IR Tnf-α-Ripk3 signaling prevents leukemia development after exposure to low-dose IR Ripk3 represses pre-LSCs by inducing Mlkl necroptosis and PDC-OXPHOS-ROS senescence
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14
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Chen C, Zhou P, Zhang Z, Liu Y.
U2AF1
mutation Connects
DNA
Damage to the Alternative Splicing of
RAD51
in Lung Adenocarcinomas. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:740-747. [PMID: 35434831 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhui Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Pinglang Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Zhizhe Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
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15
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Senescent tumor cells: an overlooked adversary in the battle against cancer. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1834-1841. [PMID: 34916607 PMCID: PMC8741813 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractSenescent cells in cancer tissue, including senescent fibroblasts and macrophages, have been reported to increase the malignant potency of cancer cells by secreting senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Otherwise, Senescence of tumor cells has been believed to inhibit tumor growth by halting the massive proliferation and increasing the chances of immune clearance. In particular, senescent tumor cells (STCs) have been thought that they rarely exist in carcinomas because oncogene-induced senescence needs to be overcome for protumorigenic cells to become malignant. However, recent studies have revealed that a considerable number of STCs are present in cancer tissue, even in metastatic sites. In fact, STCs are widely involved in cancer progression by leading to collective invasion and building a cytokine barrier to protect nonsenescent tumor cells from immune attack. Furthermore, therapy-induced STCs can induce tumor progression and recurrence by increasing stemness. However, obscure causative factors and their heterogeneity in various cancers make it difficult to establish the physiological role of STCs. Here, we summarize and review the current knowledge of the pathophysiology and role of STCs. We also outline the current status of therapeutic strategies for directly removing STCs or modulating the SASPs to maximize the positive functions of STCs while suppressing the negative functions.
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16
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Roger L, Tomas F, Gire V. Mechanisms and Regulation of Cellular Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313173. [PMID: 34884978 PMCID: PMC8658264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence entails a state of an essentially irreversible proliferative arrest in which cells remain metabolically active and secrete a range of pro-inflammatory and proteolytic factors as part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. There are different types of senescent cells, and senescence can be induced in response to many DNA damage signals. Senescent cells accumulate in different tissues and organs where they have distinct physiological and pathological functions. Despite this diversity, all senescent cells must be able to survive in a nondividing state while protecting themselves from positive feedback loops linked to the constant activation of the DNA damage response. This capacity requires changes in core cellular programs. Understanding how different cell types can undergo extensive changes in their transcriptional programs, metabolism, heterochromatin patterns, and cellular structures to induce a common cellular state is crucial to preventing cancer development/progression and to improving health during aging. In this review, we discuss how senescent cells continuously evolve after their initial proliferative arrest and highlight the unifying features that define the senescent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauréline Roger
- Structure and Instability of Genomes Laboratory, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), CNRS-UMR 7196/INSERM U1154, 43 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Fanny Tomas
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France;
| | - Véronique Gire
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-434359513; Fax: +33-(0)-434359410
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17
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Wiley CD, Campisi J. The metabolic roots of senescence: mechanisms and opportunities for intervention. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1290-1301. [PMID: 34663974 PMCID: PMC8889622 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence entails a permanent proliferative arrest, coupled to multiple phenotypic changes. Among these changes is the release of numerous biologically active molecules collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, or SASP. A growing body of literature indicates that both senescence and the SASP are sensitive to cellular and organismal metabolic states, which in turn can drive phenotypes associated with metabolic dysfunction. Here, we review the current literature linking senescence and metabolism, with an eye toward findings at the cellular level, including both metabolic inducers of senescence and alterations in cellular metabolism associated with senescence. Additionally, we consider how interventions that target either metabolism or senescent cells might influence each other and mitigate some of the pro-aging effects of cellular senescence. We conclude that the most effective interventions will likely break a degenerative feedback cycle by which cellular senescence promotes metabolic diseases, which in turn promote senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Wiley
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, CA, USA.
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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18
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Fortin J, Bassi C, Ramachandran P, Li WY, Tian R, Zarrabi I, Hill G, Snow BE, Haight J, Tobin C, Hodgson K, Wakeham A, Stambolic V, Mak TW. Concerted roles of PTEN and ATM in controlling hematopoietic stem cell fitness and dormancy. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:131698. [PMID: 33444287 DOI: 10.1172/jci131698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to sustain proficient life-long hematopoiesis, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) must possess robust mechanisms to preserve their quiescence and genome integrity. DNA-damaging stress can perturb HSC homeostasis by affecting their survival, self-renewal, and differentiation. Ablation of the kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a master regulator of the DNA damage response, impairs HSC fitness. Paradoxically, we show here that loss of a single allele of Atm enhances HSC functionality in mice. To explain this observation, we explored a possible link between ATM and the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), which also regulates HSC function. We generated and analyzed a knockin mouse line (PtenS398A/S398A), in which PTEN cannot be phosphorylated by ATM. Similar to Atm+/-, PtenS398A/S398A HSCs have enhanced hematopoietic reconstitution ability, accompanied by resistance to apoptosis induced by genotoxic stress. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses and functional assays revealed that dormant PtenS398A/S398A HSCs aberrantly tolerate elevated mitochondrial activity and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which are normally associated with HSC priming for self-renewal or differentiation. Our results unveil a molecular connection between ATM and PTEN, which couples the response to genotoxic stress and dormancy in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Fortin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian Bassi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Wanda Y Li
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruxiao Tian
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ida Zarrabi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham Hill
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryan E Snow
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jillian Haight
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chantal Tobin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelsey Hodgson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Wakeham
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vuk Stambolic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Li H, Zimmerman SE, Weyemi U. Genomic instability and metabolism in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 364:241-265. [PMID: 34507785 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability and metabolic reprogramming are among the key hallmarks discriminating cancer cells from normal cells. The two phenomena contribute to the robust and evasive nature of cancer, particularly when cancer cells are exposed to chemotherapeutic agents. Genomic instability is defined as the increased frequency of mutations within the genome, while metabolic reprogramming is the alteration of metabolic pathways that cancer cells undergo to adapt to increased bioenergetic demand. An underlying source of these mutations is the aggregate product of damage to the DNA, and a defective repair pathway, both resulting in the expansion of genomic lesions prior to uncontrolled proliferation and survival of cancer cells. Exploitation of DNA damage and the subsequent DNA damage response (DDR) have aided in defining therapeutic approaches in cancer. Studies have demonstrated that targeting metabolic reprograming yields increased sensitivity to chemo- and radiotherapies. In the past decade, it has been shown that these two key features are interrelated. Metabolism impacts DNA damage and DDR via regulation of metabolite pools. Conversely, DDR affects the response of metabolic pathways to therapeutic agents. Because of the interplay between genomic instability and metabolic reprogramming, we have compiled findings which more selectively highlight the dialog between metabolism and DDR, with a particular focus on glucose metabolism and double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways. Decoding this dialog will provide significant clues for developing combination cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojian Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Susan E Zimmerman
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Urbain Weyemi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
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20
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Williams RM, Zhang X. Roles of ATM and ATR in DNA double strand breaks and replication stress. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 161:27-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Cucchi D, Gibson A, Martin SA. The emerging relationship between metabolism and DNA repair. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:943-959. [PMID: 33874857 PMCID: PMC8172156 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1912889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) consists of multiple specialized pathways that recognize different insults sustained by DNA and repairs them where possible to avoid the accumulation of mutations. While loss of activity of genes in the DDR has been extensively associated with cancer predisposition and progression, in recent years it has become evident that there is a relationship between the DDR and cellular metabolism. The activity of the metabolic pathways can influence the DDR by regulating the availability of substrates required for the repair process and the function of its players. Additionally, proteins of the DDR can regulate the metabolic flux through the major pathways such as glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This newly discovered connection bears great importance in the biology of cancer and represents a new therapeutic opportunity. Here we describe the nature of the relationship between DDR and metabolism and its potential application in the treatment of cancer. Keywords: DNA repair, metabolism, mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Cucchi
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Amy Gibson
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sarah a Martin
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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22
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Roles of ATM and ATR in DNA double strand breaks and replication stress. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 163:109-119. [PMID: 33887296 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of genome integrity is critical for the faithful replication of the genome during cell division and for protecting cells from accumulation of DNA damage, which if left unrepaired leads to a loss of genetic information, a breakdown in cell function and ultimately cell death and cancer. ATM and ATR are master kinases that are integral to homologous recombination-mediated repair of double strand breaks and preventing accumulation of dangerous DNA structures and genome instability during replication stress. While the roles of ATM and ATR are heavily intertwined in response to double strand breaks, their roles diverge in the response to replication stress. This review summarises our understanding of the players and their mode of actions in recruitment, activation and activity of ATM and ATR in response to DNA damage and replication stress and discusses how controlling localisation of these kinases and their activators allows them to orchestrate a stress-specific response.
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23
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Sobanski T, Rose M, Suraweera A, O'Byrne K, Richard DJ, Bolderson E. Cell Metabolism and DNA Repair Pathways: Implications for Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:633305. [PMID: 33834022 PMCID: PMC8021863 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.633305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repair and metabolic pathways are vital to maintain cellular homeostasis in normal human cells. Both of these pathways, however, undergo extensive changes during tumorigenesis, including modifications that promote rapid growth, genetic heterogeneity, and survival. While these two areas of research have remained relatively distinct, there is growing evidence that the pathways are interdependent and intrinsically linked. Therapeutic interventions that target metabolism or DNA repair systems have entered clinical practice in recent years, highlighting the potential of targeting these pathways in cancer. Further exploration of the links between metabolic and DNA repair pathways may open new therapeutic avenues in the future. Here, we discuss the dependence of DNA repair processes upon cellular metabolism; including the production of nucleotides required for repair, the necessity of metabolic pathways for the chromatin remodeling required for DNA repair, and the ways in which metabolism itself can induce and prevent DNA damage. We will also discuss the roles of metabolic proteins in DNA repair and, conversely, how DNA repair proteins can impact upon cell metabolism. Finally, we will discuss how further research may open therapeutic avenues in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Sobanski
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maddison Rose
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amila Suraweera
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth O'Byrne
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Derek J Richard
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma Bolderson
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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24
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Rieunier G, Wu X, Harris LE, Mills JV, Nandakumar A, Colling L, Seraia E, Hatch SB, Ebner DV, Folkes LK, Weyer-Czernilofsky U, Bogenrieder T, Ryan AJ, Macaulay VM. Targeting IGF Perturbs Global Replication through Ribonucleotide Reductase Dysfunction. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2128-2141. [PMID: 33509941 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of IGF receptor (IGF1R) delays repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), prompting us to investigate whether IGF1R influences endogenous DNA damage. Here we demonstrate that IGF1R inhibition generates endogenous DNA lesions protected by 53BP1 bodies, indicating under-replicated DNA. In cancer cells, inhibition or depletion of IGF1R delayed replication fork progression accompanied by activation of ATR-CHK1 signaling and the intra-S-phase checkpoint. This phenotype reflected unanticipated regulation of global replication by IGF1 mediated via AKT, MEK/ERK, and JUN to influence expression of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunit RRM2. Consequently, inhibition or depletion of IGF1R downregulated RRM2, compromising RNR function and perturbing dNTP supply. The resulting delay in fork progression and hallmarks of replication stress were rescued by RRM2 overexpression, confirming RRM2 as the critical factor through which IGF1 regulates replication. Suspecting existence of a backup pathway protecting from toxic sequelae of replication stress, targeted compound screens in breast cancer cells identified synergy between IGF inhibition and ATM loss. Reciprocal screens of ATM-proficient/deficient fibroblasts identified an IGF1R inhibitor as the top hit. IGF inhibition selectively compromised growth of ATM-null cells and spheroids and caused regression of ATM-null xenografts. This synthetic-lethal effect reflected conversion of single-stranded lesions in IGF-inhibited cells into toxic DSBs upon ATM inhibition. Overall, these data implicate IGF1R in alleviating replication stress, and the reciprocal IGF:ATM codependence we identify provides an approach to exploit this effect in ATM-deficient cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies regulation of ribonucleotide reductase function and dNTP supply by IGFs and demonstrates that IGF axis blockade induces replication stress and reciprocal codependence on ATM. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/8/2128/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoning Wu
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Letitia E Harris
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jack V Mills
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ashwin Nandakumar
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Colling
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Seraia
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie B Hatch
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel V Ebner
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa K Folkes
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas Bogenrieder
- AMAL Therapeutics, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anderson J Ryan
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Valentine M Macaulay
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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25
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Garnett S, de Bruyns A, Provencher-Tom V, Dutchak K, Shu R, Dankort D. Metabolic Regulator IAPP (Amylin) Is Required for BRAF and RAS Oncogene-Induced Senescence. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:874-885. [PMID: 33500359 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterized by a prolonged and predominantly irreversible cell-cycle arrest state, which is linked to loss of tissue function and aging in mammals. Moreover, in response to aberrant oncogenic signals such as those from oncogenic RAS or BRAF, senescence functions as an intrinsic tumor suppressor mechanism restraining tumor progression. In addition to this durable proliferative block, senescent cells adopt altered morphologies, transcriptional profiles, and metabolism, while often possessing unusual heterochromatin formation termed senescence-associated heterochromatic foci. To uncover genes that are required to permit proliferation in the face of sustained oncogene signaling, we conducted an shRNA-based genetic screen in primary cells expressing inducible BRAF. Here we show that depletion of a known glycolysis regulator, islet amylin polypeptide (IAPP also known as amylin), prevents RAS and BRAF oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) in human cells. Importantly, depletion of IAPP resulted in changes of the cells' metabolome and this metabolic reprogramming was associated with widespread alterations in chromatin modifications compared with senescent cells. Conversely, exogenous treatment of IAPP-depleted cells with amylin restored OIS. Together, our results demonstrate that the metabolic regulator IAPP is important regulator of OIS. Moreover, they suggest that IAPP analog treatment or activation of IAPP signaling in RAS/BRAF mutant tumors may have therapeutic potential through senescence induction. IMPLICATIONS: These findings demonstrate that IAPP is a novel metabolic regulator of oncogene-induced senescence and use of IAPP analogs may be therapeutically effective to restore growth arrest to BRAF and/or RAS mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Garnett
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Kendall Dutchak
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC, Canada
| | - Ran Shu
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC, Canada
| | - David Dankort
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC, Canada. .,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montréal QC, Canada
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26
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Bhalla K, Jaber S, Reagan K, Hamburg A, Underwood KF, Jhajharia A, Singh M, Bhandary B, Bhat S, Nanaji NM, Hisa R, McCracken C, Creasy HH, Lapidus RG, Kingsbury T, Mayer D, Polster B, Gartenhaus RB. SIRT3, a metabolic target linked to ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene deficiency in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21159. [PMID: 33273545 PMCID: PMC7712916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene results in an increased risk to develop cancer. We show that ATM deficiency in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) significantly induce mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) activity, disrupted mitochondrial structure, decreased mitochondrial respiration, and compromised TCA flux compared with DLBCL cells expressing wild type (WT)-ATM. This corresponded to enrichment of glutamate receptor and glutamine pathways in ATM deficient background compared to WT-ATM DLBCL cells. ATM−/− DLBCL cells have decreased apoptosis in contrast to radiosensitive non-cancerous A-T cells. In vivo studies using gain and loss of SIRT3 expression showed that SIRT3 promotes growth of ATM CRISPR knockout DLBCL xenografts compared to wild-type ATM control xenografts. Importantly, screening of DLBCL patient samples identified SIRT3 as a putative therapeutic target, and validated an inverse relationship between ATM and SIRT3 expression. Our data predicts SIRT3 as an important therapeutic target for DLBCL patients with ATM null phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Bhalla
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Sausan Jaber
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kayla Reagan
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Arielle Hamburg
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Karen F Underwood
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Aditya Jhajharia
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maninder Singh
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Binny Bhandary
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Shambhu Bhat
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Nahid M Nanaji
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Ruching Hisa
- Electron Microscopy Core Imaging Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Carrie McCracken
- Institute of Genome Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Heather Huot Creasy
- Institute of Genome Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Rena G Lapidus
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Tami Kingsbury
- Department of Physiology, The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Ronald B Gartenhaus
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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27
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ATM mediated-p53 signaling pathway forms a novel axis for senescence control. Mitochondrion 2020; 55:54-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Wu X, Geng F, Cheng X, Guo Q, Zhong Y, Cloughesy TF, Yong WH, Chakravarti A, Guo D. Lipid Droplets Maintain Energy Homeostasis and Glioblastoma Growth via Autophagic Release of Stored Fatty Acids. iScience 2020; 23:101569. [PMID: 33083736 PMCID: PMC7549116 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, lipid metabolism reprogramming has been further evidenced in malignancies via the observation of large amounts of lipid droplets (LDs) in human tumors, including in glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal primary brain tumor. However, the role played by LDs in tumor cells remains unknown. Here, we show that triglycerides (TG), the major components of LDs, serve as a critical energy reservoir to support GBM cell survival. TG/LDs rapidly diminished in GBM cells upon glucose reduction, whereas inhibiting fatty acid oxidation or autophagy resulted in the accumulation of TG/LDs and strongly potentiated GBM cell death. Immunofluorescence imaging and time-lapse videos showed that LDs are hydrolyzed by autophagy to release free fatty acids that mobilize into mitochondria for energy production. Our study demonstrates that autophagy-mediated hydrolysis of TG/LDs maintains energy homeostasis and GBM survival upon glucose reduction, suggesting that limiting TG/LDs utilization might be necessary upon treating GBM. TG/LDs function as energy reservoir for GBM tumors TG/LDs are hydrolyzed by autophagy to maintain GBM survival when glucose levels decrease TG/LD hydrolysis releases fatty acids that enter into mitochondria for energy production Inhibiting autophagy causes TG/LD accumulation and GBM cell death
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Feng Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yaogang Zhong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology (Neuro-Oncology), David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - William H Yong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology), David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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29
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Chen CW, Buj R, Dahl ES, Leon KE, Aird KM. ATM inhibition synergizes with fenofibrate in high grade serous ovarian cancer cells. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05097. [PMID: 33024871 PMCID: PMC7527645 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While therapies targeting deficiencies in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway are emerging as the standard treatment for high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients, this strategy is limited to the ~50% of patients with a deficiency in this pathway. Therefore, patients with HR-proficient tumors are likely to be resistant to these therapies and require alternative strategies. We found that the HR gene Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) is wildtype and its activity is upregulated in HGSOC compared to normal fallopian tube tissue. Interestingly, multiple pathways related to metabolism are inversely correlated with ATM expression in HGSOC specimens, suggesting that combining ATM inhibition with metabolic drugs would be effective. Analysis of FDA-approved drugs from the Dependency Map demonstrated that ATM-low cells are more sensitive to fenofibrate, a PPARα agonist that affects multiple cellular metabolic pathways. Consistently, PPARα signaling is associated with ATM expression. We validated that combined inhibition of ATM and treatment with fenofibrate is synergistic in multiple HGSOC cell lines by inducing senescence. Together, our results suggest that metabolic changes induced by ATM inhibitors are a potential target for the treatment of HGSOC.
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30
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Buj R, Chen CW, Dahl ES, Leon KE, Kuskovsky R, Maglakelidze N, Navaratnarajah M, Zhang G, Doan MT, Jiang H, Zaleski M, Kutzler L, Lacko H, Lu Y, Mills GB, Gowda R, Robertson GP, Warrick JI, Herlyn M, Imamura Y, Kimball SR, DeGraff DJ, Snyder NW, Aird KM. Suppression of p16 Induces mTORC1-Mediated Nucleotide Metabolic Reprogramming. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1971-1980.e8. [PMID: 31433975 PMCID: PMC6716532 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogrammed metabolism and cell cycle dysregulation are two cancer hallmarks. p16 is a cell cycle inhibitor and tumor suppressor that is upregulated during oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). Loss of p16 allows for uninhibited cell cycle progression, bypass of OIS, and tumorigenesis. Whether p16 loss affects pro-tumorigenic metabolism is unclear. We report that suppression of p16 plays a central role in reprogramming metabolism by increasing nucleotide synthesis. This occurs by activation of mTORC1 signaling, which directly mediates increased translation of the mRNA encoding ribose-5-phosphate isomerase A (RPIA), a pentose phosphate pathway enzyme. p16 loss correlates with activation of the mTORC1-RPIA axis in multiple cancer types. Suppression of RPIA inhibits proliferation only in p16-low cells by inducing senescence both in vitro and in vivo. These data reveal the molecular basis whereby p16 loss modulates pro-tumorigenic metabolism through mTORC1-mediated upregulation of nucleotide synthesis and reveals a metabolic vulnerability of p16-null cancer cells. Senescence bypass through p16 loss predisposes to transformation and tumorigenesis. Buj et al. found that the loss of p16 upregulates nucleotide metabolism through increased mTORC1-mediated translation of RPIA to bypass senescence in an RB-independent manner. Thus, the mTORC1-RPIA axis is a metabolic vulnerability for p16-null cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Buj
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Chi-Wei Chen
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Erika S Dahl
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Kelly E Leon
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Rostislav Kuskovsky
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Maithili Navaratnarajah
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Gao Zhang
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Institute, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mary T Doan
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Helen Jiang
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Zaleski
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Lydia Kutzler
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Holly Lacko
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Yiling Lu
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Joshua I Warrick
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Institute, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuka Imamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Scot R Kimball
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - David J DeGraff
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katherine M Aird
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Shiloh Y. The cerebellar degeneration in ataxia-telangiectasia: A case for genome instability. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 95:102950. [PMID: 32871349 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Research on the molecular pathology of genome instability disorders has advanced our understanding of the complex mechanisms that safeguard genome stability and cellular homeostasis at large. Once the culprit genes and their protein products are identified, an ongoing dialogue develops between the research lab and the clinic in an effort to link specific disease symptoms to the functions of the proteins that are missing in the patients. Ataxi A-T elangiectasia (A-T) is a prominent example of this process. A-T's hallmarks are progressive cerebellar degeneration, immunodeficiency, chronic lung disease, cancer predisposition, endocrine abnormalities, segmental premature aging, chromosomal instability and radiation sensitivity. The disease is caused by absence of the powerful protein kinase, ATM, best known as the mobilizer of the broad signaling network induced by double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the DNA. In parallel, ATM also functions in the maintenance of the cellular redox balance, mitochondrial function and turnover and many other metabolic circuits. An ongoing discussion in the A-T field revolves around the question of which ATM function is the one whose absence is responsible for the most debilitating aspect of A-T - the cerebellar degeneration. This review suggests that it is the absence of a comprehensive role of ATM in responding to ongoing DNA damage induced mainly by endogenous agents. It is the ensuing deterioration and eventual loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells, which are very vulnerable to ATM absence due to a unique combination of physiological features, which kindles the cerebellar decay in A-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Shiloh
- The David and Inez Myers Laboratory for Cancer Genetics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University Medical School, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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32
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Yang HC, Stern A, Chiu DTY. G6PD: A hub for metabolic reprogramming and redox signaling in cancer. Biomed J 2020; 44:285-292. [PMID: 33097441 PMCID: PMC8358196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic hubs play a major role in the initiation and development of cancer. Oncogenic signaling pathways drive metabolic reprogramming and alter redox homeostasis. G6PD has potential oncogenic activity and it plays a pivotal role in cell proliferation, survival and stress responses. Aberrant activation of G6PD via metabolic reprogramming alters NADPH levels, leading to an antioxidant or a pro-oxidant environment which can either enhance DNA oxidative damage and genomic instability or initiate oncogenic signaling. Nutrient deprivation can rewire metabolism, which leads to mutations that determine a cancer cell's fate. Deregulated G6PD status and oxidative stress form a vicious cycle, which paves the way for cancer progression. This review aims to update and focus the potential role of G6PD in metabolic reprogramming and redox signaling in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Arnold Stern
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Tsun-Yee Chiu
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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33
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Tang Q, Wu L, Xu M, Yan D, Shao J, Yan S. Osalmid, a Novel Identified RRM2 Inhibitor, Enhances Radiosensitivity of Esophageal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 108:1368-1379. [PMID: 32763454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Esophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive malignancy and is often resistant to currently available therapies. Inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase small subunit M2 (RRM2) in tumors is speculated to mediate chemosensitization. Previous studies have reported that Osalmid could act as an RRM2 inhibitor. We explored whether RRM2 was involved in radioresistance and the antitumor effects of Osalmid in EC. METHODS AND MATERIALS RRM2 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in EC tissues. The effects of Osalmid on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle were assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphhenyl tetrazolium, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays. DNA damage, cell apoptosis, and senescence induced by Osalmid or ionizing radiation (IR) alone, or both, were detected with immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, Western blot, and β-galactosidase staining. A xenograft mouse model of EC was used to investigate the potential synergistic effects of Osalmid and IR in vivo. RESULTS The expression of RRM2 in treatment-resistant EC tissues is much higher than in treatment-sensitive EC, and strong staining of RRM2 was correlated with shorter overall survival. We observed direct cytotoxicity of Osalmid in EC cells. Osalmid also produced inhibition of the ERK1/2 signal transduction pathway and substantially enhanced IR-induced DNA damage, apoptosis, and senescence. Furthermore, treatment with Osalmid and IR significantly suppressed tumor growth in xenograft EC models without additional toxicity to the hematologic system and internal organs. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that RRM2 played a vital role in radioresistance in EC, and Osalmid synergized with IR to exert its antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyou Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danfang Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jimin Shao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Senxiang Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Interplay between Cellular Metabolism and the DNA Damage Response in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082051. [PMID: 32722390 PMCID: PMC7463900 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is a fundamental cellular process that can become harmful for cells by leading to DNA damage, for instance by an increase in oxidative stress or through the generation of toxic byproducts. To deal with such insults, cells have evolved sophisticated DNA damage response (DDR) pathways that allow for the maintenance of genome integrity. Recent years have seen remarkable progress in our understanding of the diverse DDR mechanisms, and, through such work, it has emerged that cellular metabolic regulation not only generates DNA damage but also impacts on DNA repair. Cancer cells show an alteration of the DDR coupled with modifications in cellular metabolism, further emphasizing links between these two fundamental processes. Taken together, these compelling findings indicate that metabolic enzymes and metabolites represent a key group of factors within the DDR. Here, we will compile the current knowledge on the dynamic interplay between metabolic factors and the DDR, with a specific focus on cancer. We will also discuss how recently developed high-throughput technologies allow for the identification of novel crosstalk between the DDR and metabolism, which is of crucial importance to better design efficient cancer treatments.
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35
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Zhu H, Blake S, Kusuma FK, Pearson RB, Kang J, Chan KT. Oncogene-induced senescence: From biology to therapy. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 187:111229. [PMID: 32171687 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is a powerful intrinsic tumor-suppressive mechanism, arresting cell cycle progression upon oncogene-activating genomic alterations. The discovery and characterization of the senescence-associated secretome unveiled a rich additional complexity to the senescence phenotype, including extrinsic impacts on the microenvironment and engagement of the immune response. Emerging evidence suggests that senescence phenotypes vary depending on the oncogenic stimulus. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying OIS and how they are subverted in cancer will provide invaluable opportunities to identify alternative strategies for treating oncogene-driven cancers. In this review, we primarily discuss the key mechanisms governing OIS driven by the RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways and how understanding the biology of senescent cells has uncovered new therapeutic possibilities to target cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhu
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Shaun Blake
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Frances K Kusuma
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Richard B Pearson
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
| | - Jian Kang
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Keefe T Chan
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
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36
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Zhang Z, Zhang W, Bi Y, Han Y, Zong Y, Prusky D. Cuminal Inhibits Trichothecium roseum Growth by Triggering Cell Starvation: Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E256. [PMID: 32075192 PMCID: PMC7074788 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichothecium roseum is a harmful postharvest fungus causing serious damage, together with the secretion of insidious mycotoxins, on apples, melons, and other important fruits. Cuminal, a predominant component of Cuminum cyminum essential oil has proven to successfully inhibit the growth of T. roseum in vitro and in vivo. Electron microscopic observations revealed cuminal exposure impaired the fungal morphology and ultrastructure, particularly the plasmalemma. Transcriptome and proteome analysis was used to investigate the responses of T. roseum to exposure of cuminal. In total, 2825 differentially expressed transcripts (1516 up and 1309 down) and 225 differentially expressed proteins (90 up and 135 down) were determined. Overall, notable parts of these differentially expressed genes functionally belong to subcellular localities of the membrane system and cytosol, along with ribosomes, mitochondria and peroxisomes. According to the localization analysis and the biological annotation of these genes, carbohydrate and lipids metabolism, redox homeostasis, and asexual reproduction were among the most enriched gene ontology (GO) terms. Biological pathway enrichment analysis showed that lipids and amino acid degradation, ATP-binding cassette transporters, membrane reconstitution, mRNA surveillance pathway and peroxisome were elevated, whereas secondary metabolite biosynthesis, cell cycle, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were down regulated. Further integrated omics analysis showed that cuminal exposure first impaired the polarity of the cytoplasmic membrane and then triggered the reconstitution and dysfunction of fungal plasmalemma, resulting in handicapped nutrient procurement of the cells. Consequently, fungal cells showed starvation stress with limited carbohydrate metabolism, resulting a metabolic shift to catabolism of the cell's own components in response to the stress. Additionally, these predicaments brought about oxidative stress, which, in collaboration with the starvation, damaged certain critical organelles such as mitochondria. Such degeneration, accompanied by energy deficiency, suppressed the biosynthesis of essential proteins and inhibited fungal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ye Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dov Prusky
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The 12 Volcani Center, Beit Dagan 50200, Israel
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Shetty M, Noguchi C, Wilson S, Martinez E, Shiozaki K, Sell C, Mell JC, Noguchi E. Maf1-dependent transcriptional regulation of tRNAs prevents genomic instability and is associated with extended lifespan. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13068. [PMID: 31833215 PMCID: PMC6996946 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maf1 is the master repressor of RNA polymerase III responsible for transcription of tRNAs and 5S rRNAs. Maf1 is negatively regulated via phosphorylation by the mTOR pathway, which governs protein synthesis, growth control, and lifespan regulation in response to nutrient availability. Inhibiting the mTOR pathway extends lifespan in various organisms. However, the downstream effectors for the regulation of cell homeostasis that are critical to lifespan extension remain elusive. Here we show that fission yeast Maf1 is required for lifespan extension. Maf1's function in tRNA repression is inhibited by mTOR-dependent phosphorylation, whereas Maf1 is activated via dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase complexes, PP4 and PP2A. Mutational analysis reveals that Maf1 phosphorylation status influences lifespan, which is correlated with elevated tRNA and protein synthesis levels in maf1∆ cells. However, mTOR downregulation, which negates protein synthesis, fails to rescue the short lifespan of maf1∆ cells, suggesting that elevated protein synthesis is not a cause of lifespan shortening in maf1∆ cells. Interestingly, maf1∆ cells accumulate DNA damage represented by formation of Rad52 DNA damage foci and Rad52 recruitment at tRNA genes. Loss of the Rad52 DNA repair protein further exacerbates the shortened lifespan of maf1∆ cells. Strikingly, PP4 deletion alleviates DNA damage and rescues the short lifespan of maf1∆ cells even though tRNA synthesis is increased in this condition, suggesting that elevated DNA damage is the major cause of lifespan shortening in maf1∆ cells. We propose that Maf1-dependent inhibition of tRNA synthesis controls fission yeast lifespan by preventing genomic instability that arises at tRNA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Chiaki Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Sydney Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Esteban Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Present address:
Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Kazuhiro Shiozaki
- Division of Biological ScienceNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaJapan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Christian Sell
- Department of PathologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Joshua Chang Mell
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyCenters for Genomics SciencesDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Eishi Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
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Wang Z, Gao J, Ohno Y, Liu H, Xu C. Rosiglitazone ameliorates senescence and promotes apoptosis in ovarian cancer induced by olaparib. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 85:273-284. [PMID: 31907647 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-04025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Senescence mechanisms are vital to resistance to long-term olaparib maintenance treatment. Recently, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonists (e.g., rosiglitazone) have been reported to ameliorate the senescence-like phenotype by modulating inflammatory mediator production. This study examined synergistic effects on the anti-tumor activity of rosiglitazone combined with olaparib in ovarian cancer treatment. METHODS A2780 and SKOV3 mouse subcutaneous xenograft models were established for observing anti-tumor effects in living organisms and were randomly split into combination (both olaparib and rosiglitazone), rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg), olaparib (10 mg/kg), control (solvent) groups that received treatment once every 2 or 3 days (n = 6 per group). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were used to test the influences of rosiglitazone and olaparib on cell proliferation. PI and Annexin-V-FITC staining was used with flow cytometry to assess the cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining was used to observe cellular senescence. We performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to study the senescence-related secretory phenotype (SASP). RESULTS Olaparib and rosiglitazone were observed to synergistically retard subcutaneous ovarian cancer growth in vivo, and synergistically suppress ovarian cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Compared with olaparib alone, the percentage of positive cells expressed SA-β-gal and SASP were significantly decreased in the treatment of combination of olaparib and rosiglitazone. Furthermore, olaparib plus rosiglitazone increased the percentage of apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell compared with olaparib alone. In A2780 cells, it showed lower expression of P53, phospho-p53 (Ser15), P21, and P18 protein in combination treatment compared with olaparib alone. While, in SKOV3 cells, it showed lower expression of phosphor-retinoblastoma protein (Rb) (Ser807/811), and higher expression of cyclin D1, P21, and P16 protein in combination treatment compared with olaparib alone. CONCLUSIONS Rosiglitazone combined with olaparib can help manage ovarian cancer by ameliorating olaparib-induced senescence and improving anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jianwen Gao
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Medical, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Major of Biotechnological Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Pharmaceutical School, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Yuko Ohno
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Medical, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haiou Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Congjian Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Sabbatinelli J, Prattichizzo F, Olivieri F, Procopio AD, Rippo MR, Giuliani A. Where Metabolism Meets Senescence: Focus on Endothelial Cells. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1523. [PMID: 31920721 PMCID: PMC6930181 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the decline in their proliferative potential, senescent cells display a high metabolic activity. Senescent cells have been shown to acquire a more glycolytic state even in presence of high oxygen levels, in a way similar to cancer cells. The diversion of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, away from oxidative phosphorylation results in an altered bioenergetic state and may occur as a response to the enhanced oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. This metabolic shift leads to increased AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP ratios, to the subsequent AMPK activation, and ultimately to p53-mediated growth arrest. Mounting evidences suggest that metabolic reprogramming is critical to direct considerable amounts of energy toward specific activities related to the senescent state, including the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and the modulation of immune responses within senescent cell tissue microenvironment. Interestingly, despite the relative abundance of oxygen in the vascular compartment, healthy endothelial cells (ECs) produce most of their ATP content from the anaerobic conversion of glucose to lactate. Their high glycolytic rate further increases during senescence. Alterations in EC metabolism have been identified in age-related diseases (ARDs) associated with a dysfunctional vasculature, including atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, higher production of reactive oxygen species deriving from a variety of enzymatic sources, including uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase and the electron transport chain, causes DNA damage and activates the NAD+-consuming enzymes polyADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). These non-physiological mechanisms drive the impairment of the glycolytic flux and the diversion of glycolytic intermediates into many pathological pathways. Of note, accumulation of senescent ECs has been reported in the context of ARDs. Through their pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory, vasoconstrictor, and prothrombotic activities, they negatively impact on vascular physiology, promoting both the onset and development of ARDs. Here, we review the current knowledge on the cellular senescence-related metabolic changes and their contribution to the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ARDs, with a particular focus on ECs. Moreover, current and potential interventions aimed at modulating EC metabolism, in order to prevent or delay ARD onset, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Domenico Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Rippo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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40
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CD98hc (SLC3A2) sustains amino acid and nucleotide availability for cell cycle progression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14065. [PMID: 31575908 PMCID: PMC6773781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc) forms heteromeric amino acid (AA) transporters by interacting with different light chains. Cancer cells overexpress CD98hc-transporters in order to meet their increased nutritional and antioxidant demands, since they provide branched-chain AA (BCAA) and aromatic AA (AAA) availability while protecting cells from oxidative stress. Here we show that BCAA and AAA shortage phenocopies the inhibition of mTORC1 signalling, protein synthesis and cell proliferation caused by CD98hc ablation. Furthermore, our data indicate that CD98hc sustains glucose uptake and glycolysis, and, as a consequence, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Thus, loss of CD98hc triggers a dramatic reduction in the nucleotide pool, which leads to replicative stress in these cells, as evidenced by the enhanced DNA Damage Response (DDR), S-phase delay and diminished rate of mitosis, all recovered by nucleoside supplementation. In addition, proper BCAA and AAA availability sustains the expression of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. In this regard, BCAA and AAA shortage results in decreased content of deoxynucleotides that triggers replicative stress, also recovered by nucleoside supplementation. On the basis of our findings, we conclude that CD98hc plays a central role in AA and glucose cellular nutrition, redox homeostasis and nucleotide availability, all key for cell proliferation.
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41
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Targeting DNA Replication Stress and DNA Double-Strand Break Repair for Optimizing SCLC Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091289. [PMID: 31480716 PMCID: PMC6770306 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), accounting for about 15% of all cases of lung cancer worldwide, is the most lethal form of lung cancer. Despite an initially high response rate of SCLC to standard treatment, almost all patients are invariably relapsed within one year. Effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to improve clinical outcomes. Replication stress is a hallmark of SCLC due to several intrinsic factors. As a consequence, constitutive activation of the replication stress response (RSR) pathway and DNA damage repair system is involved in counteracting this genotoxic stress. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of such RSR and DNA damage repair pathways will be likely to kill SCLC cells preferentially and may be exploited in improving chemotherapeutic efficiency through interfering with DNA replication to exert their functions. Here, we summarize potentially valuable targets involved in the RSR and DNA damage repair pathways, rationales for targeting them in SCLC treatment and ongoing clinical trials, as well as possible predictive biomarkers for patient selection in the management of SCLC.
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42
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Delfarah A, Parrish S, Junge JA, Yang J, Seo F, Li S, Mac J, Wang P, Fraser SE, Graham NA. Inhibition of nucleotide synthesis promotes replicative senescence of human mammary epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10564-10578. [PMID: 31138644 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a mechanism by which cells permanently withdraw from the cell cycle in response to stresses including telomere shortening, DNA damage, or oncogenic signaling. Senescent cells contribute to both age-related degeneration and hyperplastic pathologies, including cancer. In culture, normal human epithelial cells enter senescence after a limited number of cell divisions, known as replicative senescence. Here, to investigate how metabolic pathways regulate replicative senescence, we used LC-MS-based metabolomics to analyze senescent primary human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). We did not observe significant changes in glucose uptake or lactate secretion in senescent HMECs. However, analysis of intracellular metabolite pool sizes indicated that senescent cells exhibit depletion of metabolites from nucleotide synthesis pathways. Furthermore, stable isotope tracing with 13C-labeled glucose or glutamine revealed a dramatic blockage of flux of these two metabolites into nucleotide synthesis pathways in senescent HMECs. To test whether cellular immortalization would reverse these observations, we expressed telomerase in HMECs. In addition to preventing senescence, telomerase expression maintained metabolic flux from glucose into nucleotide synthesis pathways. Finally, we investigated whether inhibition of nucleotide synthesis in proliferating HMECs is sufficient to induce senescence. In proliferating HMECs, both pharmacological and genetic inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2), a rate-limiting enzyme in dNTP synthesis, induced premature senescence with concomitantly decreased metabolic flux from glucose into nucleotide synthesis. Taken together, our results suggest that nucleotide synthesis inhibition plays a causative role in the establishment of replicative senescence in HMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Delfarah
- From the Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Sydney Parrish
- From the Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Jason A Junge
- the Translational Imaging Center, Molecular and Computational Biology, and
| | - Jesse Yang
- From the Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Frances Seo
- From the Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Si Li
- From the Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - John Mac
- From the Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Pin Wang
- From the Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Scott E Fraser
- the Translational Imaging Center, Molecular and Computational Biology, and
| | - Nicholas A Graham
- From the Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, .,the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
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43
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Villa E, Ali ES, Sahu U, Ben-Sahra I. Cancer Cells Tune the Signaling Pathways to Empower de Novo Synthesis of Nucleotides. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E688. [PMID: 31108873 PMCID: PMC6562601 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit a dynamic metabolic landscape and require a sufficient supply of nucleotides and other macromolecules to grow and proliferate. To meet the metabolic requirements for cell growth, cancer cells must stimulate de novo nucleotide synthesis to obtain adequate nucleotide pools to support nucleic acid and protein synthesis along with energy preservation, signaling activity, glycosylation mechanisms, and cytoskeletal function. Both oncogenes and tumor suppressors have recently been identified as key molecular determinants for de novo nucleotide synthesis that contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis and the proliferation of cancer cells. Inactivation of tumor suppressors such as TP53 and LKB1 and hyperactivation of the mTOR pathway and of oncogenes such as MYC, RAS, and AKT have been shown to fuel nucleotide synthesis in tumor cells. The molecular mechanisms by which these signaling hubs influence metabolism, especially the metabolic pathways for nucleotide synthesis, continue to emerge. Here, we focus on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which oncogenes and tumor suppressors modulate nucleotide synthesis in cancer cells and, based on these insights, discuss potential strategies to target cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Villa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (E.V.); (E.S.A.); (U.S.)
| | - Eunus S. Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (E.V.); (E.S.A.); (U.S.)
| | - Umakant Sahu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (E.V.); (E.S.A.); (U.S.)
| | - Issam Ben-Sahra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (E.V.); (E.S.A.); (U.S.)
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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44
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Li M, Lu Y, Li Y, Tong L, Gu XC, Meng J, Zhu Y, Wu L, Feng M, Tian N, Zhang P, Xu T, Lin SH, Tong X. Transketolase Deficiency Protects the Liver from DNA Damage by Increasing Levels of Ribose 5-Phosphate and Nucleotides. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3689-3701. [PMID: 31101762 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
De novo nucleotide biosynthesis is essential for maintaining cellular nucleotide pools, the suppression of which leads to genome instability. The metabolic enzyme transketolase (TKT) in the nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) regulates ribose 5-phosphate (R5P) levels and de novo nucleotide biosynthesis. TKT is required for maintaining cell proliferation in human liver cancer cell lines, yet the role of TKT in liver injury and cancer initiation remains to be elucidated. In this study, we generated a liver-specific TKT knockout mouse strain by crossing TKTflox/flox mice with albumin-Cre mice. Loss of TKT in hepatocytes protected the liver from diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced DNA damage without altering DEN metabolism. DEN treatment of TKT-null liver increased levels of R5P and promoted de novo nucleotide synthesis. More importantly, supplementation of dNTPs in primary hepatocytes alleviated DEN-induced DNA damage, cell death, inflammatory response, and cell proliferation. Furthermore, DEN and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced liver carcinogenesis was reduced in TKTflox/floxAlb-Cre mice compared with control littermates. Mechanistically, loss of TKT in the liver increased apoptosis, reduced cell proliferation, decreased TNFα, IL6, and STAT3 levels, and alleviated DEN/HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Together, our data identify a key role for TKT in promoting genome instability during liver injury and tumor initiation. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings identify transketolase as a novel metabolic target to maintain genome stability and reduce liver carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minle Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yakui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfeng Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yemin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianle Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Hai Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xuemei Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Liu X, Wan M. A tale of the good and bad: Cell senescence in bone homeostasis and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 346:97-128. [PMID: 31122396 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Historically, cellular senescence has been viewed as an irreversible cell-cycle arrest process with distinctive phenotypic alterations that were implicated primarily in aging and tumor suppression. Recent discoveries suggest that cellular senescence represents a series of diverse, dynamic, and heterogeneous cellular states with the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Although senescent cells typically contribute to aging and age-related diseases, accumulating evidence has shown that they also have important physiological functions during embryonic development, late pubertal bone growth cessation, and adulthood tissue remodeling. Here, we review the recent research on cellular senescence and SASP, highlighting the key pathways that mediate senescence cell-cycle arrest and initiate SASP. We also summarize recent literature on the role of cellular senescence in maintaining bone homeostasis and mediating age-associated osteoporosis, discussing both the beneficial and adverse roles of cellular senescence in bone during different physiological stages, including bone development, childhood bone growth, adulthood bone remodeling, and bone aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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46
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Beauvarlet J, Bensadoun P, Darbo E, Labrunie G, Rousseau B, Richard E, Draskovic I, Londono-Vallejo A, Dupuy JW, Nath Das R, Guédin A, Robert G, Orange F, Croce S, Valesco V, Soubeyran P, Ryan KM, Mergny JL, Djavaheri-Mergny M. Modulation of the ATM/autophagy pathway by a G-quadruplex ligand tips the balance between senescence and apoptosis in cancer cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:2739-2756. [PMID: 30759257 PMCID: PMC6451122 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplex ligands exert their antiproliferative effects through telomere-dependent and telomere-independent mechanisms, but the inter-relationships among autophagy, cell growth arrest and cell death induced by these ligands remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that the G-quadruplex ligand 20A causes growth arrest of cancer cells in culture and in a HeLa cell xenografted mouse model. This response is associated with the induction of senescence and apoptosis. Transcriptomic analysis of 20A treated cells reveals a significant functional enrichment of biological pathways related to growth arrest, DNA damage response and the lysosomal pathway. 20A elicits global DNA damage but not telomeric damage and activates the ATM and autophagy pathways. Loss of ATM following 20A treatment inhibits both autophagy and senescence and sensitizes cells to death. Moreover, disruption of autophagy by deletion of two essential autophagy genes ATG5 and ATG7 leads to failure of CHK1 activation by 20A and subsequently increased cell death. Our results, therefore, identify the activation of ATM by 20A as a critical player in the balance between senescence and apoptosis and autophagy as one of the key mediators of such regulation. Thus, targeting the ATM/autophagy pathway might be a promising strategy to achieve the maximal anticancer effect of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Beauvarlet
- Institut Bergonié, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1218, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Paul Bensadoun
- Institut Bergonié, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1218, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Darbo
- Institut Bergonié, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1218, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux, université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux France
| | - Gaelle Labrunie
- Institut Bergonié, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1218, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- ARNA Laboratory, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Benoît Rousseau
- Service commun des animaleries, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Richard
- Institut Bergonié, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1218, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Irena Draskovic
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR3244, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR3244, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Arturo Londono-Vallejo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR3244, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR3244, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-William Dupuy
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Plateforme Protéome, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rabindra Nath Das
- ARNA Laboratory, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Aurore Guédin
- ARNA Laboratory, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Guillaume Robert
- Inserm U1065, C3M, Team: Myeloid Malignancies and Multiple Myeloma, Université Côte d’Azur, F-06204 Nice, France
| | - Francois Orange
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée (CCMA), 06108 Nice, France
| | - Sabrina Croce
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Valerie Valesco
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Soubeyran
- Institut Bergonié, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1218, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G611BD, UK and Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow,Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- ARNA Laboratory, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, F-33600, Pessac, France
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
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47
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Yin S, Gambe RG, Sun J, Martinez AZ, Cartun ZJ, Regis FFD, Wan Y, Fan J, Brooks AN, Herman SEM, Ten Hacken E, Taylor-Weiner A, Rassenti LZ, Ghia EM, Kipps TJ, Obeng EA, Cibulskis CL, Neuberg D, Campagna DR, Fleming MD, Ebert BL, Wiestner A, Leshchiner I, DeCaprio JA, Getz G, Reed R, Carrasco RD, Wu CJ, Wang L. A Murine Model of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Based on B Cell-Restricted Expression of Sf3b1 Mutation and Atm Deletion. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:283-296.e5. [PMID: 30712845 PMCID: PMC6372356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
SF3B1 is recurrently mutated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but its role in the pathogenesis of CLL remains elusive. Here, we show that conditional expression of Sf3b1-K700E mutation in mouse B cells disrupts pre-mRNA splicing, alters cell development, and induces a state of cellular senescence. Combination with Atm deletion leads to the overcoming of cellular senescence and the development of CLL-like disease in elderly mice. These CLL-like cells show genome instability and dysregulation of multiple CLL-associated cellular processes, including deregulated B cell receptor signaling, which we also identified in human CLL cases. Notably, human CLLs harboring SF3B1 mutations exhibit altered response to BTK inhibition. Our murine model of CLL thus provides insights into human CLL disease mechanisms and treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/metabolism
- Alternative Splicing
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins/deficiency
- Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins/genetics
- Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cellular Senescence/drug effects
- DNA Damage
- Gene Deletion
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genomic Instability
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mutation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Piperidines
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- RNA Splicing Factors/genetics
- RNA Splicing Factors/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanye Yin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rutendo G Gambe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Zachary J Cartun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fara Faye D Regis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Youzhong Wan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean Fan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sarah E M Herman
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elisa Ten Hacken
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Laura Z Rassenti
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Emanuela M Ghia
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thomas J Kipps
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Donna Neuberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dean R Campagna
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark D Fleming
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adrian Wiestner
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - James A DeCaprio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robin Reed
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruben D Carrasco
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA.
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48
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Chow HM, Cheng A, Song X, Swerdel MR, Hart RP, Herrup K. ATM is activated by ATP depletion and modulates mitochondrial function through NRF1. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:909-928. [PMID: 30642892 PMCID: PMC6400560 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201806197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, resulting from neuronal activity and depleted ATP levels, activates ATM, which phosphorylates NRF1, causing nuclear translocation and up regulation of mitochondrial gene expression. In ATM deficiency, ATP levels recover more slowly, particularly in active neurons with high energy demands. Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutation of the ATM gene and is characterized by loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells, neurons with high physiological activity and dynamic ATP demands. Here, we show that depletion of ATP generates reactive oxygen species that activate ATM. We find that when ATM is activated by oxidative stress, but not by DNA damage, ATM phosphorylates NRF1. This leads to NRF1 dimerization, nuclear translocation, and the up-regulation of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes, thus enhancing the capacity of the electron transport chain (ETC) and restoring mitochondrial function. In cells lacking ATM, cells replenish ATP poorly following surges in energy demand, and chronic ATP insufficiency endangers cell survival. We propose that in the absence of ATM, cerebellar Purkinje cells cannot respond adequately to the increase in energy demands of neuronal activity. Our findings identify ATM as a guardian of mitochondrial output, as well as genomic integrity, and suggest that alternative fuel sources may ameliorate A-T disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei-Man Chow
- Division of Life Science and The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong .,Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Aifang Cheng
- Division of Life Science and The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Xuan Song
- Division of Life Science and The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Mavis R Swerdel
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Ronald P Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Karl Herrup
- Division of Life Science and The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
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49
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Xu L, Ma E, Zeng T, Zhao R, Tao Y, Chen X, Groth J, Liang C, Hu H, Huang J. ATM deficiency promotes progression of CRPC by enhancing Warburg effect. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:59-71. [PMID: 30400006 PMCID: PMC6226046 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ATM is a well-known master regulator of double strand break (DSB) DNA repair and the defective DNA repair has been therapeutically exploited to develop PARP inhibitors based on the synthetic lethality strategy. ATM mutation is found with increased prevalence in advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ATM mutation-driving disease progression are still largely unknown. Here, we report that ATM mutation contributes to the CRPC progression through a metabolic rather than DNA repair mechanism. We showed that ATM deficiency generated by CRISPR/Cas9 editing promoted CRPC cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth. ATM deficiency altered cellular metabolism and enhanced Warburg effect in CRPC cells. We demonstrated that ATM deficiency shunted the glucose flux to aerobic glycolysis by upregulating LDHA expression, which generated more lactate and produced less mitochondrial ROS to promote CRPC cell growth. Inhibition of LDHA by siRNA or inhibitor FX11 generated less lactate and accumulated more ROS in ATM-deficient CRPC cells and therefore potentiated the cell death of ATM-deficient CRPC cells. These findings suggest a new therapeutic strategy for ATM-mutant CRPC patients by targeting LDHA-mediated glycolysis metabolism, which might be effective for the PARP inhibitor resistant mCRPC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfan Xu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, 230022
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA, 27710
| | - Enze Ma
- Depaertment of Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, 27710
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA, 27710
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Province People’s Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruya Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA, 27710
| | - Yulei Tao
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA, 27710
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA, 27710
| | - Jeff Groth
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA, 27710
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, 230022
- corresponding author: Hailiang Hu, Ph.D. , Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC box 103864, 905 S. Lasalle Street, Durham, NC 27710., Chaozhao Liang, M.D., Ph.D. , Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, 230022, Jiaoti Huang, M.D., Ph.D. , Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Room 301M, Duke South, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, DUMC 3712, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Hailiang Hu
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA, 27710
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA, 27710
- corresponding author: Hailiang Hu, Ph.D. , Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC box 103864, 905 S. Lasalle Street, Durham, NC 27710., Chaozhao Liang, M.D., Ph.D. , Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, 230022, Jiaoti Huang, M.D., Ph.D. , Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Room 301M, Duke South, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, DUMC 3712, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA, 27710
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA, 27710
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA, 27710
- corresponding author: Hailiang Hu, Ph.D. , Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC box 103864, 905 S. Lasalle Street, Durham, NC 27710., Chaozhao Liang, M.D., Ph.D. , Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, 230022, Jiaoti Huang, M.D., Ph.D. , Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Room 301M, Duke South, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, DUMC 3712, Durham, NC 27710
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50
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Kuskovsky R, Buj R, Xu P, Hofbauer S, Doan MT, Jiang H, Bostwick A, Mesaros C, Aird KM, Snyder NW. Simultaneous isotope dilution quantification and metabolic tracing of deoxyribonucleotides by liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2018; 568:65-72. [PMID: 30605633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of cellular deoxyribonucleoside mono- (dNMP), di- (dNDP), triphosphates (dNTPs) and related nucleoside metabolites are difficult due to their physiochemical properties and widely varying abundance. Involvement of dNTP metabolism in cellular processes including senescence and pathophysiological processes including cancer and viral infection make dNTP metabolism an important bioanalytical target. We modified a previously developed ion pairing reversed phase chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification and 13C isotope tracing of dNTP metabolites. dNMPs, dNDPs, and dNTPs were chromatographically resolved to avoid mis-annotation of in-source fragmentation. We used commercially available 13C15N-stable isotope labeled analogs as internal standards and show that this isotope dilution approach improves analytical figures of merit. At sufficiently high mass resolution achievable on an Orbitrap mass analyzer, stable isotope resolved metabolomics allows simultaneous isotope dilution quantification and 13C isotope tracing from major substrates including 13C-glucose. As a proof of principle, we quantified dNMP, dNDP and dNTP pools from multiple cell lines. We also identified isotopologue enrichment from glucose corresponding to ribose from the pentose-phosphate pathway in dNTP metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostislav Kuskovsky
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, 3020 Market St Suite 560, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Raquel Buj
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Peining Xu
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, 3020 Market St Suite 560, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Samuel Hofbauer
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary T Doan
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, 3020 Market St Suite 560, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Helen Jiang
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, 3020 Market St Suite 560, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anna Bostwick
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, 3020 Market St Suite 560, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine M Aird
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, 3020 Market St Suite 560, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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