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Guberovic I, Frezza C. Functional implications of fumarate-induced cysteine succination. Trends Biochem Sci 2024:S0968-0004(24)00113-0. [PMID: 38876954 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in metabolic enzymes are associated with hereditary and sporadic forms of cancer. For example, loss-of-function mutations affecting fumarate hydratase (FH), the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme, result in the accumulation of millimolar levels of fumarate that cause an aggressive form of kidney cancer. A distinct feature of fumarate is its ability to spontaneously react with thiol groups of cysteines in a chemical reaction termed succination. Although succination of a few proteins has been causally implicated in the molecular features of FH-deficient cancers, the stoichiometry, wider functional consequences, and contribution of succination to disease development remain largely unexplored. We discuss the functional implications of fumarate-induced succination in FH-deficient cells, the available methodologies, and the current challenges in studying this post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Guberovic
- Institute for Metabolomics in Ageing, Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Frezza
- Institute for Metabolomics in Ageing, Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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2
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Marhl M. What do Stimulated Beta Cells have in Common with Cancer Cells? Biosystems 2024; 242:105257. [PMID: 38876357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the metabolic parallels between stimulated pancreatic beta cells and cancer cells, focusing on glucose and glutamine metabolism. Addressing the significant public health challenges of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and cancer, we aim to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms driving insulin secretion and cellular proliferation. Our analysis of anaplerotic cycles and the role of NADPH in biosynthesis elucidates their vital functions in both processes. Additionally, we point out that both cell types share an antioxidative response mediated by the Nrf2 signaling pathway, glutathione synthesis, and UCP2 upregulation. Notably, UCP2 facilitates the transfer of C4 metabolites, enhancing reductive TCA cycle metabolism. Furthermore, we observe that hypoxic responses are transient in beta cells post-stimulation but persistent in cancer cells. By synthesizing these insights, the research may suggest novel therapeutic targets for T2D, highlighting the shared metabolic strategies of stimulated beta cells and cancer cells. This comparative analysis not only illuminates the metabolic complexity of these conditions but also emphasizes the crucial role of metabolic pathways in cell function and survival, offering fresh perspectives for tackling T2D and cancer challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Marhl
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; Faculty of Education, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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3
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Graff SM, Nakhe AY, Dadi PK, Dickerson MT, Dobson JR, Zaborska KE, Ibsen CE, Butterworth RB, Vierra NC, Jacobson DA. TALK-1-mediated alterations of β-cell mitochondrial function and insulin secretion impair glucose homeostasis on a diabetogenic diet. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113673. [PMID: 38206814 PMCID: PMC10961926 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ ([Ca2+]m) homeostasis is critical for β-cell function and becomes disrupted during the pathogenesis of diabetes. [Ca2+]m uptake is dependent on elevations in cytoplasmic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]c) and endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ([Ca2+]ER) release, both of which are regulated by the two-pore domain K+ channel TALK-1. Here, utilizing a novel β-cell TALK-1-knockout (β-TALK-1-KO) mouse model, we found that TALK-1 limited β-cell [Ca2+]m accumulation and ATP production. However, following exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD), ATP-linked respiration, glucose-stimulated oxygen consumption rate, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were increased in control but not TALK1-KO mice. Although β-TALK-1-KO animals showed similar GSIS before and after HFD treatment, these mice were protected from HFD-induced glucose intolerance. Collectively, these data identify that TALK-1 channel control of β-cell function reduces [Ca2+]m and suggest that metabolic remodeling in diabetes drives dysglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Graff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA
| | - Arya Y Nakhe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Prasanna K Dadi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matthew T Dickerson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jordyn R Dobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Karolina E Zaborska
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chloe E Ibsen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Regan B Butterworth
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nicholas C Vierra
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David A Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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4
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Hoffman EG, D’Souza NC, Liggins RT, Riddell MC. Pharmacologic inhibition of somatostatin receptor 2 to restore glucagon counterregulation in diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1295639. [PMID: 38298268 PMCID: PMC10829877 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1295639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is primarily maintained by pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon, with an emerging role for a third islet hormone, somatostatin, in regulating insulin and glucagon responses. Under healthy conditions, somatostatin secreted from pancreatic islet δ-cells inhibits both insulin and glucagon release through somatostatin receptor- induced cAMP-mediated downregulation and paracrine inhibition of β- and α-cells, respectively. Since glucagon is the body's most important anti-hypoglycemic hormone, and because glucagon counterregulation to hypoglycemia is lost in diabetes, the study of somatostatin biology has led to new investigational medications now in development that may help to restore glucagon counterregulation in type 1 diabetes. This review highlights the normal regulatory role of pancreatic somatostatin signaling in healthy islet function and how the inhibition of somatostatin receptor signaling in pancreatic α-cells may restore normal glucagon counterregulation in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G. Hoffman
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ninoschka C. D’Souza
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michael C. Riddell
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Wilde BR, Chakraborty N, Matulionis N, Hernandez S, Ueno D, Gee ME, Esplin ED, Ouyang K, Nykamp K, Shuch B, Christofk HR. FH Variant Pathogenicity Promotes Purine Salvage Pathway Dependence in Kidney Cancer. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:2072-2089. [PMID: 37255402 PMCID: PMC10527600 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fumarate accumulation due to loss of fumarate hydratase (FH) drives cellular transformation. Germline FH alterations lead to hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) where patients are predisposed to an aggressive form of kidney cancer. There is an unmet need to classify FH variants by cancer-associated risk. We quantified catalytic efficiencies of 74 variants of uncertain significance. Over half were enzymatically inactive, which is strong evidence of pathogenicity. We next generated a panel of HLRCC cell lines expressing FH variants with a range of catalytic activities, then correlated fumarate levels with metabolic features. We found that fumarate accumulation blocks de novo purine biosynthesis, rendering FH-deficient cells reliant on purine salvage for proliferation. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of the purine salvage pathway reduced HLRCC tumor growth in vivo. These findings suggest the pathogenicity of patient-associated FH variants and reveal purine salvage as a targetable vulnerability in FH-deficient tumors. SIGNIFICANCE This study functionally characterizes patient-associated FH variants with unknown significance for pathogenicity. This study also reveals nucleotide salvage pathways as a targetable feature of FH-deficient cancers, which are shown to be sensitive to the purine salvage pathway inhibitor 6-mercaptopurine. This presents a new rapidly translatable treatment strategy for FH-deficient cancers. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 1949.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake R. Wilde
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nishma Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Equal contribution
| | - Nedas Matulionis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Equal contribution
| | - Stephanie Hernandez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Equal contribution
| | - Daiki Ueno
- Institute of Urologic Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Currently: Department of Urology, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital
| | - Michayla E. Gee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | - Brian Shuch
- Institute of Urologic Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Heather R. Christofk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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6
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Ashcroft FM. KATP Channels and the Metabolic Regulation of Insulin Secretion in Health and Disease: The 2022 Banting Medal for Scientific Achievement Award Lecture. Diabetes 2023; 72:693-702. [PMID: 37815796 PMCID: PMC10202764 DOI: 10.2337/dbi22-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by elevation of plasma glucose due to an insufficiency of the hormone insulin and is associated with both inadequate insulin secretion and impaired insulin action. The Banting Medal for Scientific Achievement Commemorates the work of Sir Frederick Banting, a member of the team that first used insulin to treat a patient with diabetes almost exactly one hundred years ago on 11 January 1922. This article is based on my Banting lecture of 2022 and concerns the mechanism of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, with an emphasis on the metabolic regulation of the KATP channel. This channel plays a central role in insulin release. Its closure in response to metabolically generated changes in the intracellular concentrations of ATP and MgADP stimulates β-cell electrical activity and insulin granule exocytosis. Activating mutations in KATP channel genes that impair the ability of the channel to respond to ATP give rise to neonatal diabetes. Impaired KATP channel regulation may also play a role in type 2 diabetes. I conjecture that KATP channel closure in response to glucose is reduced because of impaired glucose metabolism, which fails to generate a sufficient increase in ATP. Consequently, glucose-stimulated β-cell electrical activity is less. As ATP is also required for insulin granule exocytosis, both reduced exocytosis and less β-cell electrical activity may contribute to the reduction in insulin secretion. I emphasize that what follows is not a definitive review of the topic but a personal account of the contribution of my team to the field that is based on my Banting lecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M. Ashcroft
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
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Ashcroft FM, Lloyd M, Haythorne EA. Glucokinase activity in diabetes: too much of a good thing? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:119-130. [PMID: 36586779 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global health problem characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia due to inadequate insulin secretion. Because glucose must be metabolised to stimulate insulin release it was initially argued that drugs that stimulate glucokinase (the first enzyme in glucose metabolism) would enhance insulin secretion in diabetes. However, in the long term, glucokinase activators have been largely disappointing. Recent studies show it is hyperactivation of glucose metabolism, not glucose itself, that underlies the progressive decline in beta-cell function in diabetes. This perspective discusses if glucokinase activators exacerbate this decline (by promoting glucose metabolism) and, counterintuitively, if glucokinase inhibitors might be a better therapeutic strategy for preserving beta-cell function in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M Ashcroft
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
| | - Matthew Lloyd
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
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8
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Haythorne E, Lloyd M, Walsby-Tickle J, Tarasov AI, Sandbrink J, Portillo I, Exposito RT, Sachse G, Cyranka M, Rohm M, Rorsman P, McCullagh J, Ashcroft FM. Altered glycolysis triggers impaired mitochondrial metabolism and mTORC1 activation in diabetic β-cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6754. [PMID: 36376280 PMCID: PMC9663558 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycaemia causes a dramatic decrease in mitochondrial metabolism and insulin content in pancreatic β-cells. This underlies the progressive decline in β-cell function in diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms by which hyperglycaemia produces these effects remain unresolved. Using isolated islets and INS-1 cells, we show here that one or more glycolytic metabolites downstream of phosphofructokinase and upstream of GAPDH mediates the effects of chronic hyperglycemia. This metabolite stimulates marked upregulation of mTORC1 and concomitant downregulation of AMPK. Increased mTORC1 activity causes inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase which reduces pyruvate entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle and partially accounts for the hyperglycaemia-induced reduction in oxidative phosphorylation and insulin secretion. In addition, hyperglycaemia (or diabetes) dramatically inhibits GAPDH activity, thereby impairing glucose metabolism. Our data also reveal that restricting glucose metabolism during hyperglycaemia prevents these changes and thus may be of therapeutic benefit. In summary, we have identified a pathway by which chronic hyperglycaemia reduces β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Haythorne
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
| | - Matthew Lloyd
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - John Walsby-Tickle
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Andrei I Tarasov
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jonas Sandbrink
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Idoia Portillo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Raul Terron Exposito
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center, Munich, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Gregor Sachse
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
- Brandenburg Medical School (Theodor Fontane), ZTM-BB, Brandenburg a. d. H, 14770, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Cyranka
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Maria Rohm
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center, Munich, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - James McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Frances M Ashcroft
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
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9
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Gelbach PE, Zheng D, Fraser SE, White KL, Graham NA, Finley SD. Kinetic and data-driven modeling of pancreatic β-cell central carbon metabolism and insulin secretion. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010555. [PMID: 36251711 PMCID: PMC9612825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells respond to increased extracellular glucose levels by initiating a metabolic shift. That change in metabolism is part of the process of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and is of particular interest in the context of diabetes. However, we do not fully understand how the coordinated changes in metabolic pathways and metabolite products influence insulin secretion. In this work, we apply systems biology approaches to develop a detailed kinetic model of the intracellular central carbon metabolic pathways in pancreatic β-cells upon stimulation with high levels of glucose. The model is calibrated to published metabolomics datasets for the INS1 823/13 cell line, accurately capturing the measured metabolite fold-changes. We first employed the calibrated mechanistic model to estimate the stimulated cell's fluxome. We then used the predicted network fluxes in a data-driven approach to build a partial least squares regression model. By developing the combined kinetic and data-driven modeling framework, we gain insights into the link between β-cell metabolism and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The combined modeling framework was used to predict the effects of common anti-diabetic pharmacological interventions on metabolite levels, flux through the metabolic network, and insulin secretion. Our simulations reveal targets that can be modulated to enhance insulin secretion. The model is a promising tool to contextualize and extend the usefulness of metabolomics data and to predict dynamics and metabolite levels that are difficult to measure in vitro. In addition, the modeling framework can be applied to identify, explain, and assess novel and clinically-relevant interventions that may be particularly valuable in diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E. Gelbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Dongqing Zheng
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, USC, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Scott E. Fraser
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kate L. White
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center, USC, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nicholas A. Graham
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, USC, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Stacey D. Finley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, USC, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, USC, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Lee S, Xu H, Van Vleck A, Mawla AM, Li AM, Ye J, Huising MO, Annes JP. β-Cell Succinate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Triggers Metabolic Dysfunction and Insulinopenic Diabetes. Diabetes 2022; 71:1439-1453. [PMID: 35472723 PMCID: PMC9233299 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the pathogenic mechanisms in pancreatic β-cells are incompletely elucidated. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is a key mitochondrial enzyme with dual functions in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain. Using samples from human with diabetes and a mouse model of β-cell-specific SDH ablation (SDHBβKO), we define SDH deficiency as a driver of mitochondrial dysfunction in β-cell failure and insulinopenic diabetes. β-Cell SDH deficiency impairs glucose-induced respiratory oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, thereby compromising glucose-stimulated ATP production, insulin secretion, and β-cell growth. Mechanistically, metabolomic and transcriptomic studies reveal that the loss of SDH causes excess succinate accumulation, which inappropriately activates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1-regulated metabolic anabolism, including increased SREBP-regulated lipid synthesis. These alterations, which mirror diabetes-associated human β-cell dysfunction, are partially reversed by acute mTOR inhibition with rapamycin. We propose SDH deficiency as a contributing mechanism to the progressive β-cell failure of diabetes and identify mTOR complex 1 inhibition as a potential mitigation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Haixia Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Aidan Van Vleck
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Alex M. Mawla
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Albert Mao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jiangbin Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Mark O. Huising
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Justin P. Annes
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Stanford ChEM-H and Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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11
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Singh V, Singh R, Kushwaha R, Verma SP, Tripathi AK, Mahdi AA. The Molecular Role of HIF1α Is Elucidated in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2022; 12:912942. [PMID: 35847841 PMCID: PMC9279726 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.912942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is potentially fatal blood cancer, but there is an unmet need to discover novel molecular biomarkers. The hypothesis of this study aimed to elucidate the relationship of HIF1α with the redox system, Krebs cycles, notch1, and other regulatory proteins to better understand the pathophysiology and clinical relevance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, as the molecular mechanism of this axis is still not clear. This study included CML patient samples (n = 60; 60: blood; 10: bone marrow tissues) and compared them with healthy controls (n = 20; blood). Clinical diagnosis confirmed on bone marrow aspiration, marrow trephine biopsy, and BCR/ABL1 translocation. Cases were subclassified into chronic, accelerated, and blast crises as per WHO guidelines. Molecular experiments included redox parameters, DNA fragmentation, Krebs cycle metabolites, and gene expression by RT-PCR/Western blot/LC-MS, PPI (STRING), Pearson correlation, and ROC curve analysis. Here, our findings show that p210/p190BCR/ABL1 translocation is common in all blast crisis phases of CML. Redox factor/Krebs oncometabolite concentrations were high, leading to upregulation and stabilization of HIF1α. HIF1α leads to the pathogenesis in CML cells by upregulating their downstream genes (Notch 2/4/Ikaros/SIRT1/Foxo-3a/p53, etc.). Whereas, downregulated ubiquitin proteasomal and apoptotic factors in CML pateints, can trigger degradation of HIF1α through proline hydroxylation. However, HIF1α showed a negative corelation with the notch1 pathway. Notch1 plays a tumor-suppressive role in CML and might have the potential to be used as a diagnostic marker along with other factors in CML patients. The outcome also revealed that oxidant treatment could not be effective in augmentation with conventional therapy because CML cells can enhance the levels of antioxidants for their survival. HIF1α might be a novel therapeutic target other than BCR/ABL1 translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ranjana Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
- *Correspondence: Ranjana Singh, ;
| | - Rashmi Kushwaha
- Department of Pathology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Anil Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Clinical Hematology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
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12
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Chung HH. The Insightful Clarification of MicroRNA 144-Mediated Metabolic Dysfunction. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1783-1784. [PMID: 34998801 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Hui Chung
- Preventive Medicine Program, Center for General Education, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy & Clinical Trial Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County, Taiwan
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13
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Paul A, Azhar S, Das PN, Bairagi N, Chatterjee S. Elucidating the metabolic characteristics of pancreatic β-cells from patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using a genome-scale metabolic modeling. Comput Biol Med 2022; 144:105365. [PMID: 35276551 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a global health problem caused primarily by the inability of pancreatic β-cells to secrete adequate insulin. Despite extensive research, the identity of factors contributing to the dysregulated metabolism-secretion coupling in the β-cells remains elusive. The present study attempts to capture some of these factors responsible for the impaired β-cell metabolism-secretion coupling that contributes to diabetes pathogenesis. The metabolic-flux profiles of pancreatic β-cells were predicted using genome-scale metabolic modeling for ten diabetic patients and ten control subjects. Analysis of these flux states shows reduction in the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathways, that leads to decreased insulin secretion in diabetes. We also observed elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation. In addition, cellular antioxidant defense systems were found to be attenuated in diabetes. Our analysis also uncovered the possible changes in the plasma metabolites in diabetes due to the β-cells failure. These efforts subsequently led to the identification of seven metabolites associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathogenesis, thus establishing its link as a secondary complication of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Paul
- Complex Analysis Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Salman Azhar
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Phonindra Nath Das
- Department of Mathematics, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata, 700118, India
| | - Nandadulal Bairagi
- Centre for Mathematical Biology and Ecology, Department of Mathematics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Samrat Chatterjee
- Complex Analysis Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India.
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14
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Franko A, Irmler M, Prehn C, Heinzmann SS, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Adamski J, Beckers J, von Kleist-Retzow JC, Wiesner R, Häring HU, Heni M, Birkenfeld AL, de Angelis MH. Bezafibrate Reduces Elevated Hepatic Fumarate in Insulin-Deficient Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030616. [PMID: 35327418 PMCID: PMC8945094 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucotoxic metabolites and pathways play a crucial role in diabetic complications, and new treatment options which improve glucotoxicity are highly warranted. In this study, we analyzed bezafibrate (BEZ) treated, streptozotocin (STZ) injected mice, which showed an improved glucose metabolism compared to untreated STZ animals. In order to identify key molecules and pathways which participate in the beneficial effects of BEZ, we studied plasma, skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver samples using non-targeted metabolomics (NMR spectroscopy), targeted metabolomics (mass spectrometry), microarrays and mitochondrial enzyme activity measurements, with a particular focus on the liver. The analysis of muscle and WAT demonstrated that STZ treatment elevated inflammatory pathways and reduced insulin signaling and lipid pathways, whereas BEZ decreased inflammatory pathways and increased insulin signaling and lipid pathways, which can partly explain the beneficial effects of BEZ on glucose metabolism. Furthermore, lysophosphatidylcholine levels were lower in the liver and skeletal muscle of STZ mice, which were reverted in BEZ-treated animals. BEZ also improved circulating and hepatic glucose levels as well as lipid profiles. In the liver, BEZ treatment reduced elevated fumarate levels in STZ mice, which was probably due to a decreased expression of urea cycle genes. Since fumarate has been shown to participate in glucotoxic pathways, our data suggests that BEZ treatment attenuates the urea cycle in the liver, decreases fumarate levels and, in turn, ameliorates glucotoxicity and reduces insulin resistance in STZ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Franko
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.F.); (H.-U.H.); (M.H.); (A.L.B.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.I.); (J.A.)
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.I.); (J.A.)
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core (MPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Silke S. Heinzmann
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (S.S.H.); (P.S.-K.)
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (S.S.H.); (P.S.-K.)
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.I.); (J.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.I.); (J.A.)
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jürgen-Christoph von Kleist-Retzow
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (J.-C.v.K.-R.); (R.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rudolf Wiesner
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (J.-C.v.K.-R.); (R.W.)
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Köln, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Köln, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.F.); (H.-U.H.); (M.H.); (A.L.B.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Martin Heni
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.F.); (H.-U.H.); (M.H.); (A.L.B.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Andreas L. Birkenfeld
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.F.); (H.-U.H.); (M.H.); (A.L.B.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.I.); (J.A.)
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-3187-3302
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15
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San Martín A, Arce-Molina R, Aburto C, Baeza-Lehnert F, Barros LF, Contreras-Baeza Y, Pinilla A, Ruminot I, Rauseo D, Sandoval PY. Visualizing physiological parameters in cells and tissues using genetically encoded indicators for metabolites. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 182:34-58. [PMID: 35183660 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of metabolism is undergoing a renaissance. Since the year 2002, over 50 genetically-encoded fluorescent indicators (GEFIs) have been introduced, capable of monitoring metabolites with high spatial/temporal resolution using fluorescence microscopy. Indicators are fusion proteins that change their fluorescence upon binding a specific metabolite. There are indicators for sugars, monocarboxylates, Krebs cycle intermediates, amino acids, cofactors, and energy nucleotides. They permit monitoring relative levels, concentrations, and fluxes in living systems. At a minimum they report relative levels and, in some cases, absolute concentrations may be obtained by performing ad hoc calibration protocols. Proper data collection, processing, and interpretation are critical to take full advantage of these new tools. This review offers a survey of the metabolic indicators that have been validated in mammalian systems. Minimally invasive, these indicators have been instrumental for the purposes of confirmation, rebuttal and discovery. We envision that this powerful technology will foster metabolic physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A San Martín
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile.
| | - R Arce-Molina
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
| | - C Aburto
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - L F Barros
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Y Contreras-Baeza
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - A Pinilla
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - I Ruminot
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
| | - D Rauseo
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - P Y Sandoval
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile
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16
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Sarnobat D, Moffett RC, Flatt PR, Tarasov AI. Effects of first-line diabetes therapy with biguanides, sulphonylurea and thiazolidinediones on the differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of islet cell populations. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:95-103. [PMID: 34191257 PMCID: PMC8741670 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Metformin, rosiglitazone and sulfonylureas enhance either insulin action or secretion and thus have been used extensively as early stage anti-diabetic medication, independently of the aetiology of the disease. When administered to newly diagnosed diabetes patients, these drugs produce variable results. Here, we examined the effects of the three early stage oral hypoglycaemic agents in mice with diabetes induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin, focusing specifically on the developmental biology of pancreatic islets. METHODS Streptozotocin-treated diabetic mice expressing a fluorescent reporter specifically in pancreatic islet α-cells were administered the biguanide metformin (100 mg/kg), thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg), or sulfonylurea tolbutamide (20 mg/kg) for 10 days. We assessed the impact of the treatment on metabolic status of the animals as well as on the morphology, proliferative potential and transdifferentiation of pancreatic islet cells, using immunofluorescence. RESULTS The effect of the therapy on the islet cells varied depending on the drug and included enhanced pancreatic islet β-cell proliferation, in case of metformin and rosiglitazone; de-differentiation of α-cells and β-cell apoptosis with tolbutamide; increased relative number of β-cells and bi-hormonal insulin + glucagon + cells with metformin. These effects were accompanied by normalisation of food and fluid intake with only minor effects on glycaemia at the low doses of the agents employed. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that metformin and rosiglitazone attenuate the depletion of the β-cell pool in the streptozotocin-induced diabetes, whereas tolbutamide exacerbates the β-cell apoptosis, but is likely to protect β-cells from chronic hyperglycaemia by directly elevating insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sarnobat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - R C Moffett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - P R Flatt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - A I Tarasov
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
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17
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Sarkar P, Redondo J, Hares K, Bailey S, Georgievskaya A, Heesom K, Kemp KC, Scolding NJ, Rice CM. Reduced expression of mitochondrial fumarate hydratase in progressive multiple sclerosis contributes to impaired in vitro mesenchymal stromal cell-mediated neuroprotection. Mult Scler 2021; 28:1179-1188. [PMID: 34841955 PMCID: PMC9189727 DOI: 10.1177/13524585211060686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cell-based therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS), including those employing
autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are being
examined in clinical trials. However, recent studies have identified
abnormalities in the MS bone marrow microenvironment. Objective: We aimed to compare the secretome of MSC isolated from control subjects
(C-MSC) and people with MS (MS-MSC) and explore the functional relevance of
findings. Methods: We employed high throughput proteomic analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assays and immunoblotting, as well as in vitro assays of enzyme activity and
neuroprotection. Results: We demonstrated that, in progressive MS, the MSC secretome has lower levels
of mitochondrial fumarate hydratase (mFH). Exogenous mFH restores the in
vitro neuroprotective potential of MS-MSC. Furthermore, MS-MSC expresses
reduced levels of fumarate hydratase (FH) with downstream reduction in
expression of master regulators of oxidative stress. Conclusions: Our findings are further evidence of dysregulation of the bone marrow
microenvironment in progressive MS with respect to anti-oxidative capacity
and immunoregulatory potential. Given the clinical utility of the fumaric
acid ester dimethyl fumarate in relapsing–remitting MS, our findings have
potential implication for understanding MS pathophysiology and personalised
therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Sarkar
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Department of Neurology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Juliana Redondo
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kelly Hares
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Steven Bailey
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Department of Neurology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Anastasia Georgievskaya
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Heesom
- Bristol Proteomics Facility, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kevin C Kemp
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Neil J Scolding
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Department of Neurology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Claire M Rice
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Department of Neurology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
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18
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Brown MR, Holmes H, Rakshit K, Javeed N, Her TK, Stiller AA, Sen S, Shull GE, Prakash YS, Romero MF, Matveyenko AV. Electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1 regulates pancreatic β cell function in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:142365. [PMID: 34623331 DOI: 10.1172/jci142365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is attributed to perturbations of the β cell's transcriptional landscape resulting in impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Recent studies identified SLC4A4 (a gene encoding an electrogenic Na+-coupled HCO3- cotransporter and intracellular pH regulator, NBCe1) as one of the misexpressed genes in β cells of patients with T2DM. Thus, in the current study, we set out to test the hypothesis that misexpression of SLC4A4/NBCe1 in T2DM β cells contributes to β cell dysfunction and impaired glucose homeostasis. To address this hypothesis, we first confirmed induction of SLC4A4/NBCe1 expression in β cells of patients with T2DM and demonstrated that its expression was associated with loss of β cell transcriptional identity, intracellular alkalinization, and β cell dysfunction. In addition, we generated a β cell-selective Slc4a4/NBCe1-KO mouse model and found that these mice were protected from diet-induced metabolic stress and β cell dysfunction. Importantly, improved glucose tolerance and enhanced β cell function in Slc4a4/NBCe1-deficient mice were due to augmented mitochondrial function and increased expression of genes regulating β cell identity and function. These results suggest that increased β cell expression of SLC4A4/NBCe1 in T2DM plays a contributory role in promotion of β cell failure and should be considered as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Brown
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Heather Holmes
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kuntol Rakshit
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Naureen Javeed
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tracy K Her
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alison A Stiller
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Satish Sen
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gary E Shull
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology
| | - Michael F Romero
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Martínez MS, Manzano A, Olivar LC, Nava M, Salazar J, D’Marco L, Ortiz R, Chacín M, Guerrero-Wyss M, Cabrera de Bravo M, Cano C, Bermúdez V, Angarita L. The Role of the α Cell in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes: A World beyond the Mirror. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9504. [PMID: 34502413 PMCID: PMC8431704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic metabolic disorders, and insulin has been placed at the epicentre of its pathophysiological basis. However, the involvement of impaired alpha (α) cell function has been recognized as playing an essential role in several diseases, since hyperglucagonemia has been evidenced in both Type 1 and T2DM. This phenomenon has been attributed to intra-islet defects, like modifications in pancreatic α cell mass or dysfunction in glucagon's secretion. Emerging evidence has shown that chronic hyperglycaemia provokes changes in the Langerhans' islets cytoarchitecture, including α cell hyperplasia, pancreatic beta (β) cell dedifferentiation into glucagon-positive producing cells, and loss of paracrine and endocrine regulation due to β cell mass loss. Other abnormalities like α cell insulin resistance, sensor machinery dysfunction, or paradoxical ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) opening have also been linked to glucagon hypersecretion. Recent clinical trials in phases 1 or 2 have shown new molecules with glucagon-antagonist properties with considerable effectiveness and acceptable safety profiles. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors) have been shown to decrease glucagon secretion in T2DM, and their possible therapeutic role in T1DM means they are attractive as an insulin-adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sofía Martínez
- MedStar Health Internal Medicine, Georgetown University Affiliated, Baltimore, MD 21218-2829, USA;
| | - Alexander Manzano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4002, Venezuela; (A.M.); (L.C.O.); (M.N.); (J.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Luis Carlos Olivar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4002, Venezuela; (A.M.); (L.C.O.); (M.N.); (J.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Manuel Nava
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4002, Venezuela; (A.M.); (L.C.O.); (M.N.); (J.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4002, Venezuela; (A.M.); (L.C.O.); (M.N.); (J.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Luis D’Marco
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Rina Ortiz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Ciudad de Cuenca, Azuay 010105, Ecuador;
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080022, Colombia; (M.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Marion Guerrero-Wyss
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias Para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | | | - Clímaco Cano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4002, Venezuela; (A.M.); (L.C.O.); (M.N.); (J.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080022, Colombia; (M.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Lisse Angarita
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Sede Concepción 4260000, Chile
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20
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Davison GW, Irwin RE, Walsh CP. The metabolic-epigenetic nexus in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:194-206. [PMID: 33429021 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to rise globally. Yet the aetiology and pathophysiology of this noncommunicable, polygenic disease, is poorly understood. Lifestyle factors, such as poor dietary intake, lack of exercise, and abnormal glycaemia, are purported to play a role in disease onset and progression, and these environmental factors may disrupt specific epigenetic mechanisms, leading to a reprogramming of gene transcription. The hyperglycaemic cell per se, alters epigenetics through chemical modifications to DNA and histones via metabolic intermediates such as succinate, α-ketoglutarate and O-GlcNAc. To illustrate, α-ketoglutarate is considered a salient co-factor in the activation of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) dioxygenases, which drives DNA demethylation. On the contrary, succinate and other mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, inhibit TET activity predisposing to a state of hypermethylation. Hyperglycaemia depletes intracellular ascorbic acid, and damages DNA by enhancing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS); this compromised cell milieu exacerbates the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine alongside a destabilisation of TET. These metabolic connections may regulate DNA methylation, affecting gene transcription and pancreatic islet β-cell function in T2DM. This complex interrelationship between metabolism and epigenetic alterations may provide a conceptual foundation for understanding how pathologic stimuli modify and control the intricacies of T2DM. As such, this narrative review will comprehensively evaluate and detail the interplay between metabolism and epigenetic modifications in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth W Davison
- Ulster University, Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Rachelle E Irwin
- Ulster University, Genomic Medicine Research Group, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Colum P Walsh
- Ulster University, Genomic Medicine Research Group, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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21
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Saadati M, Jamali Y. The effects of beta-cell mass and function, intercellular coupling, and islet synchrony on [Formula: see text] dynamics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10268. [PMID: 33986325 PMCID: PMC8119479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a challenging metabolic disorder characterized by a substantial loss of [Formula: see text]-cell mass and alteration of [Formula: see text]-cell function in the islets of Langerhans, disrupting insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. The mechanisms for deficiency in [Formula: see text]-cell mass and function during the hyperglycemia development and T2D pathogenesis are complex. To study the relative contribution of [Formula: see text]-cell mass to [Formula: see text]-cell function in T2D, we make use of a comprehensive electrophysiological model of human [Formula: see text]-cell clusters. We find that defect in [Formula: see text]-cell mass causes a functional decline in single [Formula: see text]-cell, impairment in intra-islet synchrony, and changes in the form of oscillatory patterns of membrane potential and intracellular [Formula: see text] concentration, which can lead to changes in insulin secretion dynamics and in insulin levels. The model demonstrates a good correspondence between suppression of synchronizing electrical activity and published experimental measurements. We then compare the role of gap junction-mediated electrical coupling with both [Formula: see text]-cell synchronization and metabolic coupling in the behavior of [Formula: see text] concentration dynamics within human islets. Our results indicate that inter-[Formula: see text]-cellular electrical coupling depicts a more important factor in shaping the physiological regulation of islet function and in human T2D. We further predict that varying the whole-cell conductance of delayed rectifier [Formula: see text] channels modifies oscillatory activity patterns of [Formula: see text]-cell population lacking intercellular coupling, which significantly affect [Formula: see text] concentration and insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Saadati
- Biomathematics Laboratory, Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Jamali
- Biomathematics Laboratory, Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Vujic A, Koo ANM, Prag HA, Krieg T. Mitochondrial redox and TCA cycle metabolite signaling in the heart. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:287-296. [PMID: 33675958 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential signaling organelles that regulate a broad range of cellular processes and thereby heart function. Multiple mechanisms participate in the communication between mitochondria and the nucleus that maintain cardiomyocyte homeostasis, including mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and metabolic shifts in TCA cycle metabolite availability. An increased rate of ROS generation can cause irreversible damage to the cell and proposed to be a leading cause of many pathologies, including accelerated aging and heart disease. Myocardial impairments are also characterised by specific coordinated metabolic changes and dysregulated inflammatory responses. Hence, the mitochondrial respiratory chain is an important mediator between health and disease in the heart. This review will first outline the sources of ROS in the heart, mitochondrial metabolite dynamics, and provide an overview of their implications for heart disease. In addition, we will concentrate our discussion around current cardioprotective strategies relevant to mitochondrial ROS. Thorough understanding of mitochondrial signaling and the complex interplay with vital signaling pathways in the heart might allow us to develop novel therapeutic approaches to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vujic
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Amy N M Koo
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hiran A Prag
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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23
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Lyu X, Li S, Jiang C, He N, Chen Z, Zou Y, Li L. DeepCSO: A Deep-Learning Network Approach to Predicting Cysteine S-Sulphenylation Sites. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:594587. [PMID: 33335901 PMCID: PMC7736615 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.594587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine S-sulphenylation (CSO), as a novel post-translational modification (PTM), has emerged as a potential mechanism to regulate protein functions and affect signal networks. Because of its functional significance, several prediction approaches have been developed. Nevertheless, they are based on a limited dataset from Homo sapiens and there is a lack of prediction tools for the CSO sites of other species. Recently, this modification has been investigated at the proteomics scale for a few species and the number of identified CSO sites has significantly increased. Thus, it is essential to explore the characteristics of this modification across different species and construct prediction models with better performances based on the enlarged dataset. In this study, we constructed several classifiers and found that the long short-term memory model with the word-embedding encoding approach, dubbed LSTMWE, performs favorably to the traditional machine-learning models and other deep-learning models across different species, in terms of cross-validation and independent test. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for LSTMWE ranged from 0.82 to 0.85 for different organisms, which was superior to the reported CSO predictors. Moreover, we developed the general model based on the integrated data from different species and it showed great universality and effectiveness. We provided the on-line prediction service called DeepCSO that included both species-specific and general models, which is accessible through http://www.bioinfogo.org/DeepCSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaru Lyu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuhao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunyang Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ningning He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Zou
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Data Science and Software Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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24
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Sarnobat D, Moffett CR, Tanday N, Reimann F, Gribble FM, Flatt PR, Tarasov AI. Antidiabetic drug therapy alleviates type 1 diabetes in mice by promoting pancreatic α-cell transdifferentiation. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114216. [PMID: 32926875 PMCID: PMC7614179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gut incretins, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), enhance secretion of insulin in a glucose-dependent manner, predominantly by elevating cytosolic levels of cAMP in pancreatic β-cells. Successful targeting of the incretin pathway by several drugs, however, suggests the antidiabetic mechanism is likely to span beyond the acute effect on hormone secretion and include, for instance, stimulation of β-cell growth and/or proliferation. Likewise, the antidiabetic action of kidney sodium-glucose linked transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors exceeds simple increase glucose excretion. Potential reasons for these 'added benefits' may lie in the long-term effects of these signals on developmental aspects of pancreatic islet cells. In this work, we explored if the incretin mimetics or SGLT-2 inhibitors can affect the size of the islet α- or β-cell compartments, under the condition of β-cell stress. To that end, we utilised mice expressing YFP specifically in pancreatic α-cells, in which we modelled type 1 diabetes by injecting streptozotocin, followed by a 10-day administration of liraglutide, sitagliptin or dapagliflozin. We observed an onset of diabetic phenotype, which was partially reversed by the administration of the antidiabetic drugs. The mechanism for the reversal included induction of β-cell proliferation, decrease in β-cell apoptosis and, for the incretin mimetics, transdifferentiation of α-cells into β-cells. Our data therefore emphasize the role of chronic incretin signalling in induction of α-/β-cell transdifferentiation. We conclude that incretin peptides may act directly on islet cells, making use of the endogenous local sites of 'ectopic' expression, whereas SGLT-2 inhibitors work via protecting β-cells from chronic hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Sarnobat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Charlotte R Moffett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Neil Tanday
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Andrei I Tarasov
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
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25
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Mitochondrial TCA cycle metabolites control physiology and disease. Nat Commun 2020; 11:102. [PMID: 31900386 PMCID: PMC6941980 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1112] [Impact Index Per Article: 278.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are signaling organelles that regulate a wide variety of cellular functions and can dictate cell fate. Multiple mechanisms contribute to communicate mitochondrial fitness to the rest of the cell. Recent evidence confers a new role for TCA cycle intermediates, generally thought to be important for biosynthetic purposes, as signaling molecules with functions controlling chromatin modifications, DNA methylation, the hypoxic response, and immunity. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which the abundance of different TCA cycle metabolites controls cellular function and fate in different contexts. We will focus on how these metabolites mediated signaling can affect physiology and disease. Mitochondrial metabolites contribute to more than biosynthesis, and it is clear that they influence multiple cellular functions in a variety of ways. Here, Martínez-Reyes and Chandel review key metabolites and describe their effects on processes involved in physiology and disease including chromatin dynamics, immunity, and hypoxia.
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26
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Zhu H, Lee OW, Shah P, Jadhav A, Xu X, Patnaik S, Shen M, Hall MD. Identification of Activators of Human Fumarate Hydratase by Quantitative High-Throughput Screening. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2020; 25:43-56. [PMID: 31522598 PMCID: PMC7340117 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219873559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fumarate hydratase (FH) is a metabolic enzyme that is part of the Krebs cycle and reversibly catalyzes the hydration of fumarate to malate. Mutations of the FH gene have been associated with fumarate hydratase deficiency (FHD), hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC), and other diseases. Currently, there are no high-quality small-molecule probes for studying human FH. To address this, we developed a quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) FH assay and screened a total of 57,037 compounds from in-house libraries in dose-response. While no inhibitors of FH were confirmed, a series of phenyl-pyrrolo-pyrimidine-diones were identified as activators of human FH. These compounds were not substrates of FH, were inactive in a malate dehydrogenase counterscreen, and showed no detectable reduction-oxidation activity. The binding of two compounds from the series to human FH was confirmed by microscale thermophoresis. The low hit rate in this screening campaign confirmed that FH is a "tough target" to modulate, and the small-molecule activators of human FH reported here may serve as a starting point for further optimization and development into cellular probes of human FH and potential drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Olivia W Lee
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Pranav Shah
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Samarjit Patnaik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Matthew D Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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27
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Vergari E, Denwood G, Salehi A, Zhang Q, Adam J, Alrifaiy A, Wernstedt Asterholm I, Benrick A, Chibalina MV, Eliasson L, Guida C, Hill TG, Hamilton A, Ramracheya R, Reimann F, Rorsman NJG, Spilliotis I, Tarasov AI, Walker JN, Rorsman P, Briant LJB. Somatostatin secretion by Na +-dependent Ca 2+-induced Ca 2+ release in pancreatic delta-cells. Nat Metab 2020; 2:32-40. [PMID: 31993555 PMCID: PMC6986923 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islets are complex micro-organs consisting of at least three different cell types: glucagon-secreting α-, insulin-producing β- and somatostatin-releasing δ-cells1. Somatostatin is a powerful paracrine inhibitor of insulin and glucagon secretion2. In diabetes, increased somatostatinergic signalling leads to defective counter-regulatory glucagon secretion3. This increases the risk of severe hypoglycaemia, a dangerous complication of insulin therapy4. The regulation of somatostatin secretion involves both intrinsic and paracrine mechanisms5 but their relative contributions and whether they interact remains unclear. Here we show that dapagliflozin-sensitive glucose- and insulin-dependent sodium uptake stimulates somatostatin secretion by elevating the cytoplasmic Na+ concentration ([Na+]i) and promoting intracellular Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR). This mechanism also becomes activated when [Na+]i is elevated following the inhibition of the plasmalemmal Na+-K+ pump by reductions of the extracellular K+ concentration emulating those produced by exogenous insulin in vivo 6. Islets from some donors with type-2 diabetes hypersecrete somatostatin, leading to suppression of glucagon secretion that can be alleviated by a somatostatin receptor antagonist. Our data highlight the role of Na+ as an intracellular second messenger, illustrate the significance of the intraislet paracrine network and provide a mechanistic framework for pharmacological correction of the hormone secretion defects associated with diabetes that selectively target the δ-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Vergari
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Geoffrey Denwood
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Albert Salehi
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Quan Zhang
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Julie Adam
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Ahmed Alrifaiy
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Benrick
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Margarita V Chibalina
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Claudia Guida
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas G Hill
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander Hamilton
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Reshma Ramracheya
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nils J G Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ioannis Spilliotis
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrei I Tarasov
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan N Walker
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- MacLeod Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden.
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.
| | - Linford J B Briant
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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28
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Wortham M, Benthuysen JR, Wallace M, Savas JN, Mulas F, Divakaruni AS, Liu F, Albert V, Taylor BL, Sui Y, Saez E, Murphy AN, Yates JR, Metallo CM, Sander M. Integrated In Vivo Quantitative Proteomics and Nutrient Tracing Reveals Age-Related Metabolic Rewiring of Pancreatic β Cell Function. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2904-2918.e8. [PMID: 30517875 PMCID: PMC6317899 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell physiology changes substantially throughout life, yet the mechanisms that drive these changes are poorly understood. Here, we performed comprehensive in vivo quantitative proteomic profiling of pancreatic islets from juvenile and 1-year-old mice. The analysis revealed striking differences in abundance of enzymes controlling glucose metabolism. We show that these changes in protein abundance are associated with higher activities of glucose metabolic enzymes involved in coupling factor generation as well as increased activity of the coupling factor-dependent amplifying pathway of insulin secretion. Nutrient tracing and targeted metabolomics demonstrated accelerated accumulation of glucose-derived metabolites and coupling factors in islets from 1-year-old mice, indicating that age-related changes in glucose metabolism contribute to improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion with age. Together, our study provides an in-depth characterization of age-related changes in the islet proteome and establishes metabolic rewiring as an important mechanism for age-associated changes in β cell function. Organismal age impacts fundamental aspects of β cell physiology. Wortham et al. apply proteomics and targeted metabolomics to islets from juvenile and adult mice, revealing age-related changes in metabolic enzyme abundance and production of coupling factors that enhance insulin secretion. This work provides insight into age-associated changes to the β cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wortham
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jacqueline R Benthuysen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Martina Wallace
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Savas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Francesca Mulas
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fenfen Liu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Verena Albert
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brandon L Taylor
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yinghui Sui
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Enrique Saez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anne N Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maike Sander
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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29
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Briant LJB, Dodd MS, Chibalina MV, Rorsman NJG, Johnson PRV, Carmeliet P, Rorsman P, Knudsen JG. CPT1a-Dependent Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Contributes to Maintaining Glucagon Secretion from Pancreatic Islets. Cell Rep 2019; 23:3300-3311. [PMID: 29898400 PMCID: PMC6581793 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon, the principal hyperglycemic hormone, is secreted from pancreatic islet α cells as part of the counter-regulatory response to hypoglycemia. Hence, secretory output from α cells is under high demand in conditions of low glucose supply. Many tissues oxidize fat as an alternate energy substrate. Here, we show that glucagon secretion in low glucose conditions is maintained by fatty acid metabolism in both mouse and human islets, and that inhibiting this metabolic pathway profoundly decreases glucagon output by depolarizing α cell membrane potential and decreasing action potential amplitude. We demonstrate, by using experimental and computational approaches, that this is not mediated by the KATP channel, but instead due to reduced operation of the Na+-K+ pump. These data suggest that counter-regulatory secretion of glucagon is driven by fatty acid metabolism, and that the Na+-K+ pump is an important ATP-dependent regulator of α cell function. Glucagon secretion in low glucose is maintained by CPT1a-dependent FAO Loss of CPT1a-dependent FAO in mouse and human islets decreases glucagon secretion CPT1a-dependent FAO maintains glucagon secretion by supplying ATP to the Na+-K+-ATPase CPT1a-dependent FAO contributes to the counter-regulatory secretion of glucagon
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Affiliation(s)
- Linford J B Briant
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QD, UK
| | - Michael S Dodd
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Margarita V Chibalina
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Nils J G Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Paul R V Johnson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Oxford National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Metabolic Research, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Box 433, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jakob G Knudsen
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
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30
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Fanconi Anemia complementation group C protein in metabolic disorders. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:1506-1522. [PMID: 29930218 PMCID: PMC6046246 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Given importance of 22-Fanconi Anemia (FA) proteins together to act in a signaling pathway in preventing deleterious clinical symptoms, e.g. severe bone marrow failure, congenital defects, an early onset of aging and cancer, studies on each FA protein become increasingly attractive. However, an unbiased and systematic investigation of cellular effects resulting from each FA protein is missing. Here, we report roles of FA complementation C group protein (FANCC) in the protection from metabolic disorders. This study was prompted by the diabetes-prone feature displayed in FANCC knockout mice, which is not typically shown in patients with FA. We found that in cells expressing FANCC at different levels, there are representative alterations in metabolites associated with aging (glycine, citrulline, ornithine, L-asparagine, L-tyrosine, L-arginine, L-glutamine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L-valine, L-proline and L-alanine), Diabetes Mellitus (DM) (carbon monoxide, collagens, fatty acids, D-glucose, fumaric acid, 2-oxoglutaric acid, C3), inflammation (inosine, L-arginine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-phenylalanine, hypoxanthine, L-methionine), and cancer ( L-methionine, sphingomyelin, acetyl-L-carnitine, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, niacinamide, phospho-rylethanolamine). We also found that FANCC can act in an FA-pathway-independent manner in tumor suppression. Collectively, featured-metabolic alterations are readouts of functional mechanisms underlying reduced tumorigenicity driven by FANCC, demonstrating close links among cancer, aging, inflammation and DM.
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31
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Haythorne E, Rohm M, van de Bunt M, Brereton MF, Tarasov AI, Blacker TS, Sachse G, Silva Dos Santos M, Terron Exposito R, Davis S, Baba O, Fischer R, Duchen MR, Rorsman P, MacRae JI, Ashcroft FM. Diabetes causes marked inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism in pancreatic β-cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2474. [PMID: 31171772 PMCID: PMC6554411 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global health problem caused primarily by the inability of pancreatic β-cells to secrete adequate levels of insulin. The molecular mechanisms underlying the progressive failure of β-cells to respond to glucose in type-2 diabetes remain unresolved. Using a combination of transcriptomics and proteomics, we find significant dysregulation of major metabolic pathways in islets of diabetic βV59M mice, a non-obese, eulipidaemic diabetes model. Multiple genes/proteins involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis are upregulated, whereas those involved in oxidative phosphorylation are downregulated. In isolated islets, glucose-induced increases in NADH and ATP are impaired and both oxidative and glycolytic glucose metabolism are reduced. INS-1 β-cells cultured chronically at high glucose show similar changes in protein expression and reduced glucose-stimulated oxygen consumption: targeted metabolomics reveals impaired metabolism. These data indicate hyperglycaemia induces metabolic changes in β-cells that markedly reduce mitochondrial metabolism and ATP synthesis. We propose this underlies the progressive failure of β-cells in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Haythorne
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Maria Rohm
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Martijn van de Bunt
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7EL, UK
- Department of Bioinformatics and Data Mining, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, 2760, Denmark
| | - Melissa F Brereton
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Andrei I Tarasov
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7EL, UK
| | - Thomas S Blacker
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gregor Sachse
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | | | - Raul Terron Exposito
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Simon Davis
- Discovery Proteomics Facility, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Otto Baba
- Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Roman Fischer
- Discovery Proteomics Facility, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7EL, UK
- Metabolic Research, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Box 433, 40530, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - James I MacRae
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Frances M Ashcroft
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
- Metabolic Research, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Box 433, 40530, Göteborg, Sweden.
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32
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Fumarate hydratase in cancer: A multifaceted tumour suppressor. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:15-25. [PMID: 31085323 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is now considered a multifactorial disorder with different aetiologies and outcomes. Yet, all cancers share some common molecular features. Among these, the reprogramming of cellular metabolism has emerged as a key player in tumour initiation and progression. The finding that metabolic enzymes such as fumarate hydratase (FH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), when mutated, cause cancer suggested that metabolic dysregulation is not only a consequence of oncogenic transformation but that it can act as cancer driver. However, the mechanisms underpinning the link between metabolic dysregulation and cancer remain only partially understood. In this review we discuss the role of FH loss in tumorigenesis, focusing on the role of fumarate as a key activator of a variety of oncogenic cascades. We also discuss how these alterations are integrated and converge towards common biological processes. This review highlights the complexity of the signals elicited by FH loss, describes that fumarate can act as a bona fide oncogenic event, and provides a compelling hypothesis of the stepwise neoplastic progression after FH loss.
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33
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Weng Q, Zhao M, Zheng J, Yang L, Xu Z, Zhang Z, Wang J, Wang J, Yang B, Richard Lu Q, Ying M, He Q. STAT3 dictates β-cell apoptosis by modulating PTEN in streptozocin-induced hyperglycemia. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:130-145. [PMID: 31097787 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient pancreatic β-cell mass or insulin-producing β-cells are implicated in all forms of diabetes mellitus. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying β-cell destruction are complex and not fully defined. Here we observed that activation of STAT3 is intensely and specifically inhibited in β-cells under hyperglycemic conditions. By knocking out STAT3 specifically in mouse β-cells, we found that the loss of STAT3 sensitized mice to three low doses of STZ stimulation resulting in hyperglycemia. Mechanistically, accumulating PTEN, induced by STAT3 deficiency, directly represses phosphorylation of AKT, which negatively modulates transcription factor activation, dysregulates β-cell function, positively promotes apoptotic signaling, and finally induces β-cell apoptosis. Notably, the defective secretion of insulin and β-cells apoptosis was completely rescued by PTEN ablation in STAT3-null islets or PTEN inhibitor bpv(phen) treatment. Thus our data suggest that STAT3 is a vital modulator of β-cell survival and function, highlighting a critical role for STAT3 in the negative regulation of PTEN-AKT signaling pathway associated with β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinjie Weng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Zhao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahuan Zheng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zijie Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhikang Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Meidan Ying
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China. .,Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
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34
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Janssen JJE, Grefte S, Keijer J, de Boer VCJ. Mito-Nuclear Communication by Mitochondrial Metabolites and Its Regulation by B-Vitamins. Front Physiol 2019; 10:78. [PMID: 30809153 PMCID: PMC6379835 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles that control metabolic homeostasis and ATP generation, but also play an important role in other processes, like cell death decisions and immune signaling. Mitochondria produce a diverse array of metabolites that act in the mitochondria itself, but also function as signaling molecules to other parts of the cell. Communication of mitochondria with the nucleus by metabolites that are produced by the mitochondria provides the cells with a dynamic regulatory system that is able to respond to changing metabolic conditions. Dysregulation of the interplay between mitochondrial metabolites and the nucleus has been shown to play a role in disease etiology, such as cancer and type II diabetes. Multiple recent studies emphasize the crucial role of nutritional cofactors in regulating these metabolic networks. Since B-vitamins directly regulate mitochondrial metabolism, understanding the role of B-vitamins in mito-nuclear communication is relevant for therapeutic applications and optimal dietary lifestyle. In this review, we will highlight emerging concepts in mito-nuclear communication and will describe the role of B-vitamins in mitochondrial metabolite-mediated nuclear signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vincent C. J. de Boer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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35
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Knudsen JG, Hamilton A, Ramracheya R, Tarasov AI, Brereton M, Haythorne E, Chibalina MV, Spégel P, Mulder H, Zhang Q, Ashcroft FM, Adam J, Rorsman P. Dysregulation of Glucagon Secretion by Hyperglycemia-Induced Sodium-Dependent Reduction of ATP Production. Cell Metab 2019; 29:430-442.e4. [PMID: 30415925 PMCID: PMC6370947 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a bihormonal disorder resulting from combined insulin and glucagon secretion defects. Mice lacking fumarase (Fh1) in their β cells (Fh1βKO mice) develop progressive hyperglycemia and dysregulated glucagon secretion similar to that seen in diabetic patients (too much at high glucose and too little at low glucose). The glucagon secretion defects are corrected by low concentrations of tolbutamide and prevented by the sodium-glucose transport (SGLT) inhibitor phlorizin. These data link hyperglycemia, intracellular Na+ accumulation, and acidification to impaired mitochondrial metabolism, reduced ATP production, and dysregulated glucagon secretion. Protein succination, reflecting reduced activity of fumarase, is observed in α cells from hyperglycemic Fh1βKO and β-V59M gain-of-function KATP channel mice, diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats, and patients with type 2 diabetes. Succination is also observed in renal tubular cells and cardiomyocytes from hyperglycemic Fh1βKO mice, suggesting that the model can be extended to other SGLT-expressing cells and may explain part of the spectrum of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob G Knudsen
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Alexander Hamilton
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Reshma Ramracheya
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Andrei I Tarasov
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Melissa Brereton
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Elizabeth Haythorne
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Margarita V Chibalina
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Peter Spégel
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Chemistry, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Research in Malmö, Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Malmö 205 02, Sweden
| | - Quan Zhang
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Frances M Ashcroft
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Julie Adam
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Metabolic Research, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Box 433, Göteborg 405 30, Sweden.
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36
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Kulkarni RA, Bak DW, Wei D, Bergholtz SE, Briney CA, Shrimp JH, Alpsoy A, Thorpe AL, Bavari AE, Crooks DR, Levy M, Florens L, Washburn MP, Frizzell N, Dykhuizen EC, Weerapana E, Linehan WM, Meier JL. A chemoproteomic portrait of the oncometabolite fumarate. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:391-400. [PMID: 30718813 PMCID: PMC6430658 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary cancer disorders often provide an important window into novel mechanisms supporting tumor growth. Understanding these mechanisms thus represents a vital goal. Toward this goal, here we report a chemoproteomic map of fumarate, a covalent oncometabolite whose accumulation marks the genetic cancer syndrome hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC). We applied a fumarate-competitive chemoproteomic probe in concert with LC-MS/MS to discover new cysteines sensitive to fumarate hydratase (FH) mutation in HLRCC cell models. Analysis of this dataset revealed an unexpected influence of local environment and pH on fumarate reactivity, and enabled the characterization of a novel FH-regulated cysteine residue that lies at a key protein-protein interface in the SWI-SNF tumor-suppressor complex. Our studies provide a powerful resource for understanding the covalent imprint of fumarate on the proteome and lay the foundation for future efforts to exploit this distinct aspect of oncometabolism for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhushikesh A Kulkarni
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MA, USA
| | - Daniel W Bak
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Darmood Wei
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Sarah E Bergholtz
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MA, USA
| | - Chloe A Briney
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan H Shrimp
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MA, USA
| | - Aktan Alpsoy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Abigail L Thorpe
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MA, USA
| | - Arissa E Bavari
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MA, USA
| | - Daniel R Crooks
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Michaella Levy
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MI, USA
| | | | - Michael P Washburn
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KA, USA
| | - Norma Frizzell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Emily C Dykhuizen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Jordan L Meier
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MA, USA.
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37
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Vergari E, Knudsen JG, Ramracheya R, Salehi A, Zhang Q, Adam J, Asterholm IW, Benrick A, Briant LJB, Chibalina MV, Gribble FM, Hamilton A, Hastoy B, Reimann F, Rorsman NJG, Spiliotis II, Tarasov A, Wu Y, Ashcroft FM, Rorsman P. Insulin inhibits glucagon release by SGLT2-induced stimulation of somatostatin secretion. Nat Commun 2019; 10:139. [PMID: 30635569 PMCID: PMC6329806 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoglycaemia (low plasma glucose) is a serious and potentially fatal complication of insulin-treated diabetes. In healthy individuals, hypoglycaemia triggers glucagon secretion, which restores normal plasma glucose levels by stimulation of hepatic glucose production. This counterregulatory mechanism is impaired in diabetes. Here we show in mice that therapeutic concentrations of insulin inhibit glucagon secretion by an indirect (paracrine) mechanism mediated by stimulation of intra-islet somatostatin release. Insulin’s capacity to inhibit glucagon secretion is lost following genetic ablation of insulin receptors in the somatostatin-secreting δ-cells, when insulin-induced somatostatin secretion is suppressed by dapagliflozin (an inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-tranporter-2; SGLT2) or when the action of secreted somatostatin is prevented by somatostatin receptor (SSTR) antagonists. Administration of these compounds in vivo antagonises insulin’s hypoglycaemic effect. We extend these data to isolated human islets. We propose that SSTR or SGLT2 antagonists should be considered as adjuncts to insulin in diabetes therapy. Impaired glucagon secretion in patients with diabetes causes hypoglycemia. Here the authors show that therapeutic concentrations of insulin inhibit alpha-cell glucagon secretion by stimulating delta-cell insulin receptor and the release of somatostatin. Blocking somatostatin secretion or action ameliorates this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Vergari
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Jakob G Knudsen
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Reshma Ramracheya
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Albert Salehi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Göteborg, Box 430, Göteborg, SE40530, Sweden
| | - Quan Zhang
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Julie Adam
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Göteborg, Box 430, Göteborg, SE40530, Sweden
| | - Anna Benrick
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Göteborg, Box 430, Göteborg, SE40530, Sweden
| | - Linford J B Briant
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Margarita V Chibalina
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Cambridge Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alexander Hamilton
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Benoit Hastoy
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Cambridge Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nils J G Rorsman
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Ioannis I Spiliotis
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.,Oxford National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Andrei Tarasov
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.,Oxford National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Yanling Wu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Göteborg, Box 430, Göteborg, SE40530, Sweden
| | - Frances M Ashcroft
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Göteborg, Box 430, Göteborg, SE40530, Sweden.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Henry Wellcome Centre for Gene Function, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK. .,Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Göteborg, Box 430, Göteborg, SE40530, Sweden. .,Oxford National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.
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38
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Cui R, Choi SE, Kim TH, Lee HJ, Lee SJ, Kang Y, Jeon JY, Kim HJ, Lee KW. Iron overload by transferrin receptor protein 1 regulation plays an important role in palmitate-induced insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle cells. FASEB J 2018; 33:1771-1786. [PMID: 30207798 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800448r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Free fatty acid is considered to be one of the major pathogenic factors of inducing insulin resistance. The association between iron disturbances and insulin resistance has recently begun to receive a lot of attention. Although skeletal muscles are a major tissue for iron utilization and storage, the role of iron in palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance is unknown. We investigated the molecular mechanism underlying iron dysregulation in PA-induced insulin resistance. Interestingly, we found that PA simultaneously increased intracellular iron and induced insulin resistance. The iron chelator deferoxamine dramatically inhibited PA-induced insulin resistance, and iron donors impaired insulin sensitivity by activating JNK. PA up-regulated transferrin receptor 1 (tfR1), an iron uptake protein, which was modulated by iron-responsive element-binding proteins 2. Knockdown of tfR1 and iron-responsive element-binding proteins 2 prevented PA-induced iron uptake and insulin resistance. PA also translocated the tfR1 by stimulating calcium influx, but the calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM, dramatically reduced iron overload by inhibiting tfR1 translocation and ultimately increased insulin sensitivity. Iron overload may play a critical role in PA-induced insulin resistance. Blocking iron overload may thus be a useful strategy for preventing insulin resistance and diabetes.-Cui, R., Choi, S.-E., Kim, T. H., Lee, H. J., Lee, S. J., Kang, Y., Jeon, J. Y., Kim, H. J., Lee, K.-W. Iron overload by transferrin receptor protein 1 regulation plays an important role in palmitate-induced insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihua Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sung-E Choi
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Tae Ho Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwa Joung Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Soo Jin Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yup Kang
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ja Young Jeon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kwan-Woo Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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39
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Tarasov AI, Galvanovskis J, Rorsman O, Hamilton A, Vergari E, Johnson PRV, Reimann F, Ashcroft FM, Rorsman P. Monitoring real-time hormone release kinetics via high-content 3-D imaging of compensatory endocytosis. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2838-2848. [PMID: 30083680 PMCID: PMC6250124 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00417j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
High-content real-time imaging of hormone secretion in tissues or cell populations is a challenging task, which is unlikely to be resolved directly, despite immense translational value. We approach this problem indirectly, using compensatory endocytosis, a process that closely follows exocytosis in the cell, as a surrogate read-out for secretion. The tissue is immobilized in an open-air perifusion chamber and imaged using a two-photon microscope. A fluorescent polar tracer, perifused through the experimental circuit, gets trapped into the cells via endocytosis, and is quantified using a feature-detection algorithm. The signal of the tracer that accumulates into the endocytotic system reliably reflects stimulated exocytosis, which is demonstrated via co-imaging of the latter using existing reporters. A high signal-to-noise ratio and compatibility with multisensor imaging affords the real-time quantification of the secretion at the tissue/population level, whereas the cumulative nature of the signal allows imprinting of the "secretory history" within each cell. The technology works for several cell types, reflects disease progression and can be used for human tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei I Tarasov
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, OX3 7LE, Oxford, UK. and Oxford National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Juris Galvanovskis
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, OX3 7LE, Oxford, UK.
| | - Olof Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, OX3 7LE, Oxford, UK.
| | - Alexander Hamilton
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, OX3 7LE, Oxford, UK.
| | - Elisa Vergari
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, OX3 7LE, Oxford, UK.
| | - Paul R V Johnson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, OX3 7LE, Oxford, UK.
| | - Frank Reimann
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Frances M Ashcroft
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, OX3 7LE, Oxford, UK. and Oxford National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK and Institute of Neuroscience of Physiology, Department of Physiology, Metabolic Research Unit, University of Göteborg, Box 430, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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40
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Analysis of fumarate-sensitive proteins and sites by exploiting residue interaction networks. Amino Acids 2018; 50:647-652. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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41
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Niehaus TD, Folz J, McCarty DR, Cooper AJL, Moraga Amador D, Fiehn O, Hanson AD. Identification of a metabolic disposal route for the oncometabolite S-(2-succino)cysteine in Bacillus subtilis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8255-8263. [PMID: 29626092 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular thiols such as cysteine spontaneously and readily react with the respiratory intermediate fumarate, resulting in the formation of stable S-(2-succino)-adducts. Fumarate-mediated succination of thiols increases in certain tumors and in response to glucotoxicity associated with diabetes. Therefore, S-(2-succino)-adducts such as S-(2-succino)cysteine (2SC) are considered oncometabolites and biomarkers for human disease. No disposal routes for S-(2-succino)-compounds have been reported prior to this study. Here, we show that Bacillus subtilis metabolizes 2SC to cysteine using a pathway encoded by the yxe operon. The first step is N-acetylation of 2SC followed by an oxygenation that we propose results in the release of oxaloacetate and N-acetylcysteine, which is deacetylated to give cysteine. Knockouts of the genes predicted to mediate each step in the pathway lose the ability to grow on 2SC as the sulfur source and accumulate the expected upstream metabolite(s). We further show that N-acetylation of 2SC relieves toxicity. This is the first demonstration of a metabolic disposal route for any S-(2-succino)-compound, paving the way toward the identification of corresponding pathways in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Niehaus
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611.
| | - Jacob Folz
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Donald R McCarty
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Arthur J L Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595
| | - David Moraga Amador
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Andrew D Hanson
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611.
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42
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Lei CL, Kellard JA, Hara M, Johnson JD, Rodriguez B, Briant LJ. Beta-cell hubs maintain Ca 2+ oscillations in human and mouse islet simulations. Islets 2018; 10:151-167. [PMID: 30142036 PMCID: PMC6113907 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2018.1493316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet β-cells are responsible for secreting all circulating insulin in response to rising plasma glucose concentrations. These cells are a phenotypically diverse population that express great functional heterogeneity. In mice, certain β-cells (termed 'hubs') have been shown to be crucial for dictating the islet response to high glucose, with inhibition of these hub cells abolishing the coordinated Ca2+ oscillations necessary for driving insulin secretion. These β-cell hubs were found to be highly metabolic and susceptible to pro-inflammatory and glucolipotoxic insults. In this study, we explored the importance of hub cells in human by constructing mathematical models of Ca2+ activity in human islets. Our simulations revealed that hubs dictate the coordinated Ca2+ response in both mouse and human islets; silencing a small proportion of hubs abolished whole-islet Ca2+ activity. We also observed that if hubs are assumed to be preferentially gap junction coupled, then the simulations better adhere to the available experimental data. Our simulations of 16 size-matched mouse and human islet architectures revealed that there are species differences in the role of hubs; Ca2+ activity in human islets was more vulnerable to hub inhibition than mouse islets. These simulation results not only substantiate the existence of β-cell hubs, but also suggest that hubs may be favorably coupled in the electrical and metabolic network of the islet, and that targeted destruction of these cells would greatly impair human islet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chon-Lok Lei
- Doctoral Training Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joely A. Kellard
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Manami Hara
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - James D. Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Linford J.B. Briant
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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