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Ndjim M, Gasmi I, Herbert F, Joséphine C, Bas J, Lamrani A, Coutry N, Henry S, Zimmermann VS, Dardalhon V, Campillo Poveda M, Turtoi E, Thirard S, Forichon L, Giordano A, Ciancia C, Homayed Z, Pannequin J, Britton C, Devaney E, McNeilly TN, Berrard S, Turtoi A, Maizels RM, Gerbe F, Jay P. Tuft cell acetylcholine is released into the gut lumen to promote anti-helminth immunity. Immunity 2024:S1074-7613(24)00223-1. [PMID: 38744292 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Upon parasitic helminth infection, activated intestinal tuft cells secrete interleukin-25 (IL-25), which initiates a type 2 immune response during which lamina propria type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) produce IL-13. This causes epithelial remodeling, including tuft cell hyperplasia, the function of which is unknown. We identified a cholinergic effector function of tuft cells, which are the only epithelial cells that expressed choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). During parasite infection, mice with epithelial-specific deletion of ChAT had increased worm burden, fitness, and fecal egg counts, even though type 2 immune responses were comparable. Mechanistically, IL-13-amplified tuft cells release acetylcholine (ACh) into the gut lumen. Finally, we demonstrated a direct effect of ACh on worms, which reduced their fecundity via helminth-expressed muscarinic ACh receptors. Thus, tuft cells are sentinels in naive mice, and their amplification upon helminth infection provides an additional type 2 immune response effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marième Ndjim
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Imène Gasmi
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabien Herbert
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Charlène Joséphine
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Bas
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Ali Lamrani
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Coutry
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Henry
- Montpellier Alliance for Metabolomics and Metabolism Analysis, Platform for Translational Oncometabolomics (PLATON), Biocampus, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie S Zimmermann
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Dardalhon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Marta Campillo Poveda
- Centre for Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Evgenia Turtoi
- Montpellier Alliance for Metabolomics and Metabolism Analysis, Platform for Translational Oncometabolomics (PLATON), Biocampus, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Steeve Thirard
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Luc Forichon
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Alicia Giordano
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Ciancia
- Centre for Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Zeinab Homayed
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Pannequin
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Collette Britton
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eileen Devaney
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tom N McNeilly
- Disease Control Department, Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, UK
| | - Sylvie Berrard
- University Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, Paris, France
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Montpellier Alliance for Metabolomics and Metabolism Analysis, Platform for Translational Oncometabolomics (PLATON), Biocampus, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Cancer Research Institute of Montpellier (IRCM), University of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Centre for Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - François Gerbe
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France.
| | - Philippe Jay
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France.
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Wang K, Liu Y, Li H, Liang X, Hao M, Yuan D, Ding L. Claudin-7 is essential for the maintenance of colonic stem cell homoeostasis via the modulation of Wnt/Notch signalling. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:284. [PMID: 38654000 PMCID: PMC11039680 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06658-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) play a crucial role in the continuous self-renewal and recovery of the intestinal epithelium. In previous studies, we have revealed that the specific absence of Claudin-7 (Cldn-7) in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) can lead to the development of spontaneous colitis. However, the mechanisms by which Cldn-7 maintains homeostasis in the colonic epithelium remain unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we used IEC- and ISC-specific Cldn-7 knockout mice to investigate the regulatory effects of Cldn-7 on colonic Lgr5+ stem cells in the mediation of colonic epithelial injury and repair under physiological and inflammatory conditions. Notably, our findings reveal that Cldn-7 deletion disrupts the self-renewal and differentiation of colonic stem cells alongside the formation of colonic organoids in vitro. Additionally, these Cldn-7 knockout models exhibited heightened susceptibility to experimental colitis, limited epithelial repair and regeneration, and increased differentiation toward the secretory lineage. Mechanistically, we also established that Cldn-7 facilitates the proliferation, differentiation, and organoid formation of Lgr5+ stem cells through the maintenance of Wnt and Notch signalling pathways in the colonic epithelium. Overall, our study provides new insights into the maintenance of ISC function and colonic epithelial homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liang
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Hao
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dajin Yuan
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Ran R, Muñoz Briones J, Jena S, Anderson NL, Olson MR, Green LN, Brubaker DK. Detailed survey of an in vitro intestinal epithelium model by single-cell transcriptomics. iScience 2024; 27:109383. [PMID: 38523788 PMCID: PMC10959667 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The co-culture of two adult human colorectal cancer cell lines, Caco-2 and HT29, on Transwell is commonly used as an in vitro gut mimic, yet the translatability of insights from such a system to adult human physiological contexts is not fully characterized. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing on the co-culture to obtain a detailed survey of cell type heterogeneity in the system and conducted a holistic comparison with human physiology. We identified the intestinal stem cell-, transit amplifying-, enterocyte-, goblet cell-, and enteroendocrine-like cells in the system. In general, the co-culture was fetal intestine-like, with less variety of gene expression compared to the adult human gut. Transporters for major types of nutrients were found in the majority of the enterocytes-like cells in the system. TLR 4 was not expressed in the sample, indicating that the co-culture model is incapable of mimicking the innate immune aspect of the human epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ran
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Javier Muñoz Briones
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Interdisciplinary Life Science Program, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Smrutiti Jena
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nicole L. Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Matthew R. Olson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Leopold N. Green
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Douglas K. Brubaker
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- The Blood, Heart, Lung, and Immunology Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Li F, Wang Z, Cao Y, Pei B, Luo X, Liu J, Ge P, Luo Y, Ma S, Chen H. Intestinal Mucosal Immune Barrier: A Powerful Firewall Against Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Acute Lung Injury via the Gut-Lung Axis. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2173-2193. [PMID: 38617383 PMCID: PMC11016262 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s448819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury (SAP-ALI), which is the leading cause of mortality among hospitalized patients in the intensive care unit, remains incompletely elucidated. The intestinal mucosal immune barrier is a crucial component of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and its aberrant activation contributes to the induction of sustained pro-inflammatory immune responses, paradoxical intercellular communication, and bacterial translocation. In this review, we firstly provide a comprehensive overview of the composition of the intestinal mucosal immune barrier and its pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of SAP-ALI. Secondly, the mechanisms of its crosstalk with gut microbiota, which is called gut-lung axis, and its effect on SAP-ALI were summarized. Finally, a number of drugs that could enhance the intestinal mucosal immune barrier and exhibit potential anti-SAP-ALI activities were presented, including probiotics, glutamine, enteral nutrition, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The aim is to offer a theoretical framework based on the perspective of the intestinal mucosal immune barrier to protect against SAP-ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengjian Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinan Cao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Boliang Pei
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Luo
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Ge
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shurong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
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Ramos-León J, Valencia C, Gutiérrez-Mariscal M, Rivera-Miranda DA, García-Meléndrez C, Covarrubias L. The loss of antioxidant activities impairs intestinal epithelium homeostasis by altering lipid metabolism. Exp Cell Res 2024; 437:113965. [PMID: 38378126 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygens species (ROS) are common byproducts of metabolic reactions and could be at the origin of many diseases of the elderly. Here we investigated the role of ROS in the renewal of the intestinal epithelium in mice lacking catalase (CAT) and/or nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) activities. Cat-/- mice have delayed intestinal epithelium renewal and were prone to develop necrotizing enterocolitis upon starvation. Interestingly, crypts lacking CAT showed fewer intestinal stem cells (ISC) and lower stem cell activity than wild-type. In contrast, crypts lacking NNT showed a similar number of ISCs as wild-type but increased stem cell activity, which was also impaired by the loss of CAT. No alteration in the number of Paneth cells (PCs) was observed in crypts of either Cat-/- or Nnt-/- mice, but they showed an evident decline in the amount of lysozyme. Cat deficiency caused fat accumulation in crypts, and a fall in the remarkable high amount of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in PCs. Notably, the low levels of ATGL in the intestine of Cat -/- mice increased after a treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Supporting a role of ATGL in the regulation of ISC activity, its inhibition halt intestinal organoid development. These data suggest that the reduction in the renewal capacity of intestine originates from fatty acid metabolic alterations caused by peroxisomal ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ramos-León
- Departamento de Genética Del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - Concepción Valencia
- Departamento de Genética Del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - Mariana Gutiérrez-Mariscal
- Departamento de Genética Del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - David-Alejandro Rivera-Miranda
- Departamento de Genética Del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - Celina García-Meléndrez
- Departamento de Genética Del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - Luis Covarrubias
- Departamento de Genética Del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico.
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Yu ZL, Gao RY, Lv C, Geng XL, Ren YJ, Zhang J, Ren JY, Wang H, Ai FB, Wang ZY, Zhang BB, Liu DH, Yue B, Wang ZT, Dou W. Notoginsenoside R1 promotes Lgr5 + stem cell and epithelium renovation in colitis mice via activating Wnt/β-Catenin signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01250-7. [PMID: 38491161 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by persistent damage to the intestinal barrier and excessive inflammation, leading to increased intestinal permeability. Current treatments of IBD primarily address inflammation, neglecting epithelial repair. Our previous study has reported the therapeutic potential of notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), a characteristic saponin from the root of Panax notoginseng, in alleviating acute colitis by reducing mucosal inflammation. In this study we investigated the reparative effects of NGR1 on mucosal barrier damage after the acute injury stage of DSS exposure. DSS-induced colitis mice were orally treated with NGR1 (25, 50, 125 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 10 days. Body weight and rectal bleeding were daily monitored throughout the experiment, then mice were euthanized, and the colon was collected for analysis. We showed that NGR1 administration dose-dependently ameliorated mucosal inflammation and enhanced epithelial repair evidenced by increased tight junction proteins, mucus production and reduced permeability in colitis mice. We then performed transcriptomic analysis on rectal tissue using RNA-sequencing, and found NGR1 administration stimulated the proliferation of intestinal crypt cells and facilitated the repair of epithelial injury; NGR1 upregulated ISC marker Lgr5, the genes for differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), as well as BrdU incorporation in crypts of colitis mice. In NCM460 human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro, treatment with NGR1 (100 μM) promoted wound healing and reduced cell apoptosis. NGR1 (100 μM) also increased Lgr5+ cells and budding rates in a 3D intestinal organoid model. We demonstrated that NGR1 promoted ISC proliferation and differentiation through activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Co-treatment with Wnt inhibitor ICG-001 partially counteracted the effects of NGR1 on crypt Lgr5+ ISCs, organoid budding rates, and overall mice colitis improvement. These results suggest that NGR1 alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice by promoting the regeneration of Lgr5+ stem cells and intestinal reconstruction, at least partially via activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway. Schematic diagram of the mechanism of NGR1 in alleviating colitis. DSS caused widespread mucosal inflammation epithelial injury. This was manifested by the decreased expression of tight junction proteins, reduced mucus production in goblet cells, and increased intestinal permeability in colitis mice. Additionally, Lgr5+ ISCs were in obviously deficiency in colitis mice, with aberrant down-regulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling. However, NGR1 amplified the expression of the ISC marker Lgr5, elevated the expression of genes associated with ISC differentiation, enhanced the incorporation of BrdU in the crypt and promoted epithelial restoration to alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice, at least partially, by activating the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lun Yu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Rui-Yang Gao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development Limited, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Long Geng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi-Jing Ren
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jun-Yu Ren
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fang-Bin Ai
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zi-Yi Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dong-Hui Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bei Yue
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Wei Dou
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China.
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7
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Song Z, Li X, Xie J, Han F, Wang N, Hou Y, Yao J. Associations of inflammatory cytokines with inflammatory bowel disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1327879. [PMID: 38288119 PMCID: PMC10822978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1327879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Previous studies have confirmed a link between specific inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the causal relationship between them is not completely clear. This Mendelian Randomization (MR) study aims to evaluate the causal relationship between 18 inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory bowel disease. Method Two-sample Mendelian randomization utilized genetic variances associated with IBD from two extensive publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (Crohn's Disease (CD): 12,194 cases and 28,072 controls; Ulcerative Colitis (UC): 12,336 cases and 33,609 controls). The data of inflammatory cytokines was acquired from a GWAS including 8,293 healthy participants. We used inverse variance weighted method, MR-Egger, weighted median, simple model and weighted model to evaluate the causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and IBD. Sensitivity analysis includes heterogeneity and pleiotropy analysis to evaluate the robustness of the results. Results The findings indicated suggestive positive associations between Interleukin-13 (IL-13) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) with CD (odds ratio, OR: 1.101, 95%CI: 1.021-1.188, p = 0.013; OR: 1.134, 95%CI: 1.024-1.255, p = 0.015). IL-13 also displayed a significant positive correlation with UC (OR: 1.099, 95%CI: 1.018-1.186, p = 0.016). Stem cell factor (SCF) was suggested to be associated with the development of both CD and UC (OR: 1.032, 95%CI: 0.973-1.058, p = 0.012; OR: 1.038, 95%CI: 1.005-1.072, p = 0.024). Conclusion This study proposes that IL-13 may be a factor correlated with the etiology of IBD (CD and UC), while MIF just be specifically associated with CD. Additionally, SCF appears more likely to be involved in the downstream development of IBD (CD and UC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianning Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, ZhengZhou, China
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8
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Beumer J, Clevers H. Hallmarks of stemness in mammalian tissues. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:7-24. [PMID: 38181752 PMCID: PMC10769195 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
All adult tissues experience wear and tear. Most tissues can compensate for cell loss through the activity of resident stem cells. Although the cellular maintenance strategies vary greatly between different adult (read: postnatal) tissues, the function of stem cells is best defined by their capacity to replace lost tissue through division. We discuss a set of six complementary hallmarks that are key enabling features of this basic function. These include longevity and self-renewal, multipotency, transplantability, plasticity, dependence on niche signals, and maintenance of genome integrity. We discuss these hallmarks in the context of some of the best-understood adult stem cell niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joep Beumer
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Hans Clevers
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland.
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9
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Schumacher MA. The emerging roles of deep crypt secretory cells in colonic physiology. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G493-G500. [PMID: 37697924 PMCID: PMC10887841 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00093.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Deep crypt secretory (DCS) cells are a population of epithelial cells located at the colonic crypt base that share some similarities to Paneth and goblet cells. They were initially defined as c-Kit expressing cells, though subsequent work showed that they are more specifically marked by Reg4 in the murine colon. The best-understood function of DCS cells at present is supporting the stem cell niche by generating Notch and EGF ligands. However, as these cells also express immunoregulatory (e.g., Ccl6) and host defense (e.g., Retnlb) genes, it is likely they have additional functions in maintaining colonic health outside of maintenance of the stem niche. Recent advances in single-cell transcriptomic profiling hint at additional epithelial and immune roles that may exist for these cells and have aided in elucidating their developmental lineage. This review highlights the emerging evidence supporting a crucial role for DCS cells in intestinal physiology, the current understanding of how these cells are regulated, and their potential role(s) in colonic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Schumacher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
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10
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Macedo MH, Dias Neto M, Pastrana L, Gonçalves C, Xavier M. Recent Advances in Cell-Based In Vitro Models to Recreate Human Intestinal Inflammation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301391. [PMID: 37736674 PMCID: PMC10625086 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease causes a major burden to patients and healthcare systems, raising the need to develop effective therapies. Technological advances in cell culture, allied with ethical issues, have propelled in vitro models as essential tools to study disease aetiology, its progression, and possible therapies. Several cell-based in vitro models of intestinal inflammation have been used, varying in their complexity and methodology to induce inflammation. Immortalized cell lines are extensively used due to their long-term survival, in contrast to primary cultures that are short-lived but patient-specific. Recently, organoids and organ-chips have demonstrated great potential by being physiologically more relevant. This review aims to shed light on the intricate nature of intestinal inflammation and cover recent works that report cell-based in vitro models of human intestinal inflammation, encompassing diverse approaches and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Helena Macedo
- INL – International Iberian Nanotechnology LaboratoryAvenida Mestre José VeigaBraga4715‐330Portugal
| | - Mafalda Dias Neto
- INL – International Iberian Nanotechnology LaboratoryAvenida Mestre José VeigaBraga4715‐330Portugal
| | - Lorenzo Pastrana
- INL – International Iberian Nanotechnology LaboratoryAvenida Mestre José VeigaBraga4715‐330Portugal
| | - Catarina Gonçalves
- INL – International Iberian Nanotechnology LaboratoryAvenida Mestre José VeigaBraga4715‐330Portugal
| | - Miguel Xavier
- INL – International Iberian Nanotechnology LaboratoryAvenida Mestre José VeigaBraga4715‐330Portugal
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11
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Verhagen MP, Joosten R, Schmitt M, Valimaki N, Sacchetti A, Rajamaki K, Choi J, Procopio P, Silva S, van der Steen B, van den Bosch TPP, Seinstra D, Doukas M, Augenlicht LH, Aaltonen LA, Fodde R. The origin of intestinal cancer in the context of inflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.02.560432. [PMID: 37873142 PMCID: PMC10592905 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
According to conventional views, colon cancer originates from stem cells. However, inflammation, a key risk factor for colon cancer, was shown to suppress intestinal stemness. Here, we employed Paneth cells (PCs) as a model to assess the capacity of differentiated lineages to trigger tumorigenesis in the context of inflammation. Upon inflammation, PC-specific Apc mutations led to intestinal tumors reminiscent not only of those arising in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients but also of a larger fraction of sporadic colon cancers. The latter is likely due to the inflammatory consequences of Western-style dietary habits, the major colon cancer risk factor. Computational methods designed to predict the cell-of-origin of cancer confirmed that, in a substantial fraction of sporadic colon cancers the cells-of-origin are secretory lineages and not stem cells.
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12
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Giri AK, Aavikko M, Wartiovaara L, Lemmetyinen T, Karjalainen J, Mehtonen J, Palin K, Välimäki N, Tamlander M, Saikkonen R, Karhu A, Morgunova E, Sun B, Runz H, Palta P, Luo S, Joensuu H, Mäkelä TP, Kostiainen I, Schalin-Jäntti C, FinnGen, Palotie A, Aaltonen LA, Ollila S, Daly MJ. Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies 4 Novel Risk Loci for Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors Including a Missense Mutation in LGR5. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:861-873. [PMID: 37453564 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor (SI-NET) is a rare disease, but its incidence has increased over the past 4 decades. Understanding the genetic risk factors underlying SI-NETs can help in disease prevention and may provide clinically beneficial markers for diagnosis. Here the results of the largest genome-wide association study of SI-NETs performed to date with 405 cases and 614,666 controls are reported. METHODS Samples from 307 patients with SI-NETs and 287,137 controls in the FinnGen study were used for the identification of SI-NET risk-associated genetic variants. The results were also meta-analyzed with summary statistics from the UK Biobank (n = 98 patients with SI-NET and n = 327,529 controls). RESULTS We identified 6 genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10-8) loci associated with SI-NET risk, of which 4 (near SEMA6A, LGR5, CDKAL1, and FERMT2) are novel and 2 (near LTA4H-ELK and in KIF16B) have been reported previously. Interestingly, the top hit (rs200138614; P = 1.80 × 10-19) was a missense variant (p.Cys712Phe) in the LGR5 gene, a bona-fide marker of adult intestinal stem cells and a potentiator of canonical WNT signaling. The association was validated in an independent Finnish collection of 70 patients with SI-NETs, as well as in the UK Biobank exome sequence data (n = 92 cases and n = 392,814 controls). Overexpression of LGR5 p.Cys712Phe in intestinal organoids abolished the ability of R-Spondin1 to support organoid growth, indicating that the mutation perturbed R-Spondin-LGR5 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the largest genome-wide association study to date on SI-NETs and reported 4 new associated genome-wide association study loci, including a novel missense mutation (rs200138614, p.Cys712Phe) in LGR5, a canonical marker of adult intestinal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Giri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland; iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Aavikko
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linnea Wartiovaara
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Toni Lemmetyinen
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Karjalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Juha Mehtonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Palin
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niko Välimäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Max Tamlander
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Saikkonen
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Auli Karhu
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Morgunova
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Sun
- Translational Biology, Research and Development, Biogen Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Heiko Runz
- Translational Biology, Research and Development, Biogen Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Priit Palta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Shuang Luo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Joensuu
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi P Mäkelä
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iiro Kostiainen
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - FinnGen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics and Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara Ollila
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark J Daly
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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13
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Sun M, Tan Z, Lin K, Li X, Zhu J, Zhan L, Zheng H. Advanced Progression for the Heterogeneity and Homeostasis of Intestinal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2109-2119. [PMID: 37351833 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Current understanding of the leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) is well established, however, the implications of ISC heterogeneity and homeostasis are poorly understood. Prior studies have provided important evidence for the association between heterogeneity of ISC pools with pathogenesis and therapeutic response of malignant disease. Leveraging the advantages of organoids and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), glandular development has been simulated and cell heterogeneity has been clarified. Based on this research, several potential ISCs were identified, such as LGR5 + p27 + quiescent ISCs, LGR5 + Mex3a + slowly proliferating stem cells, and CLU + reverse stem cells. We also illustrated major factors responsible for ISC homeostasis including metabolism-related (LKB1, TGR5, HMGCS2), inflammation-related (IFB-b, IFN2, TNF), and Wnt signaling-related (CREPT, Mex3a, MTG16) factors. ISCs play complex roles in intestinal tumorigenesis, chemoresistance and occasional relapse of colon cancer, which bear discussion. In this review, we focus on novel technical challenges in ISCs fate drawing upon recent research with the goals of clarifying our understanding of complex ISCs, elucidating the integrated intestinal crypt niche, and creating new opportunities for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqiong Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenya Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Keqiong Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jicheng Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Zhan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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14
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Nagai H, Nagai LAE, Tasaki S, Nakato R, Umetsu D, Kuranaga E, Miura M, Nakajima Y. Nutrient-driven dedifferentiation of enteroendocrine cells promotes adaptive intestinal growth in Drosophila. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1764-1781.e10. [PMID: 37689060 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Post-developmental organ resizing improves organismal fitness under constantly changing nutrient environments. Although stem cell abundance is a fundamental determinant of adaptive resizing, our understanding of its underlying mechanisms remains primarily limited to the regulation of stem cell division. Here, we demonstrate that nutrient fluctuation induces dedifferentiation in the Drosophila adult midgut to drive adaptive intestinal growth. From lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify a subpopulation of enteroendocrine (EE) cells that convert into functional intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in response to dietary glucose and amino acids by activating the JAK-STAT pathway. Genetic ablation of EE-derived ISCs severely impairs ISC expansion and midgut growth despite the retention of resident ISCs, and in silico modeling further indicates that EE dedifferentiation enables an efficient increase in the midgut cell number while maintaining epithelial cell composition. Our findings identify a physiologically induced dedifferentiation that ensures ISC expansion during adaptive organ growth in concert with nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nagai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan.
| | | | - Sohei Tasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Nakato
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daiki Umetsu
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Erina Kuranaga
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan; Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan.
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15
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Calafiore M, Fu YY, Vinci P, Arnhold V, Chang WY, Jansen SA, Egorova A, Takashima S, Kuttiyara J, Ito T, Serody J, Nakae S, Turnquist H, van Es J, Clevers H, Lindemans CA, Blazar BR, Hanash AM. A tissue-intrinsic IL-33/EGF circuit promotes epithelial regeneration after intestinal injury. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5411. [PMID: 37669929 PMCID: PMC10480426 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) maintain the epithelial lining of the intestines, but mechanisms regulating ISCs and their niche after damage remain poorly understood. Utilizing radiation injury to model intestinal pathology, we report here that the Interleukin-33 (IL-33)/ST2 axis, an immunomodulatory pathway monitored clinically as an intestinal injury biomarker, regulates intrinsic epithelial regeneration by inducing production of epidermal growth factor (EGF). Three-dimensional imaging and lineage-specific RiboTag induction within the stem cell compartment indicated that ISCs expressed IL-33 in response to radiation injury. Neighboring Paneth cells responded to IL-33 by augmenting production of EGF, which promoted ISC recovery and epithelial regeneration. These findings reveal an unknown pathway of niche regulation and crypt regeneration whereby the niche responds dynamically upon injury and the stem cells orchestrate regeneration by regulating their niche. This regenerative circuit also highlights the breadth of IL-33 activity beyond immunomodulation and the therapeutic potential of EGF administration for treatment of intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Calafiore
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ya-Yuan Fu
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Paola Vinci
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Viktor Arnhold
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Winston Y Chang
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Suze A Jansen
- Division of Pediatrics, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 AB, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anastasiya Egorova
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Shuichiro Takashima
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 810-8563, Japan
| | - Jason Kuttiyara
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Takahiro Ito
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jonathan Serody
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susumu Nakae
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
| | - Heth Turnquist
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Johan van Es
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caroline A Lindemans
- Division of Pediatrics, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 AB, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Alan M Hanash
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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16
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Dushime H, Moreno SG, Linard C, Adrait A, Couté Y, Peltzer J, Messiaen S, Torres C, Bensemmane L, Lewandowski D, Romeo PH, Petit V, Gault N. Fetal Muse-based therapy prevents lethal radio-induced gastrointestinal syndrome by intestinal regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:201. [PMID: 37568164 PMCID: PMC10416451 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human multilineage-differentiating stress enduring (Muse) cells are nontumorigenic endogenous pluripotent-like stem cells that can be easily obtained from various adult or fetal tissues. Regenerative effects of Muse cells have been shown in some disease models. Muse cells specifically home in damaged tissues where they exert pleiotropic effects. Exposition of the small intestine to high doses of irradiation (IR) delivered after radiotherapy or nuclear accident results in a lethal gastrointestinal syndrome (GIS) characterized by acute loss of intestinal stem cells, impaired epithelial regeneration and subsequent loss of the mucosal barrier resulting in sepsis and death. To date, there is no effective medical treatment for GIS. Here, we investigate whether Muse cells can prevent lethal GIS and study how they act on intestinal stem cell microenvironment to promote intestinal regeneration. METHODS Human Muse cells from Wharton's jelly matrix of umbilical cord (WJ-Muse) were sorted by flow cytometry using the SSEA-3 marker, characterized and compared to bone-marrow derived Muse cells (BM-Muse). Under gas anesthesia, GIS mice were treated or not through an intravenous retro-orbital injection of 50,000 WJ-Muse, freshly isolated or cryopreserved, shortly after an 18 Gy-abdominal IR. No immunosuppressant was delivered to the mice. Mice were euthanized either 24 h post-IR to assess early small intestine tissue response, or 7 days post-IR to assess any regenerative response. Mouse survival, histological stainings, apoptosis and cell proliferation were studied and measurement of cytokines, recruitment of immune cells and barrier functional assay were performed. RESULTS Injection of WJ-Muse shortly after abdominal IR highly improved mouse survival as a result of a rapid regeneration of intestinal epithelium with the rescue of the impaired epithelial barrier. In small intestine of Muse-treated mice, an early enhanced secretion of IL-6 and MCP-1 cytokines was observed associated with (1) recruitment of monocytes/M2-like macrophages and (2) proliferation of Paneth cells through activation of the IL-6/Stat3 pathway. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that a single injection of a small quantity of WJ-Muse may be a new and easy therapeutic strategy for treating lethal GIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honorine Dushime
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire Réparation et Transcription dans les cellules Souches (LRTS), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (iRCM), Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRTS/iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stéphanie G Moreno
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire Réparation et Transcription dans les cellules Souches (LRTS), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (iRCM), Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRTS/iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christine Linard
- Laboratory of Medical Radiobiology, Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Annie Adrait
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, FR2048, CEA, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, FR2048, CEA, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Juliette Peltzer
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 92141, Clamart, France
- UMR-S-MD 1197, Ministère des Armées et Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Sébastien Messiaen
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire Réparation et Transcription dans les cellules Souches (LRTS), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (iRCM), Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRTS/iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Claire Torres
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire Réparation et Transcription dans les cellules Souches (LRTS), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (iRCM), Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRTS/iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Lydia Bensemmane
- Laboratory of Medical Radiobiology, Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Daniel Lewandowski
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire Réparation et Transcription dans les cellules Souches (LRTS), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (iRCM), Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRTS/iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Paul-Henri Romeo
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire Réparation et Transcription dans les cellules Souches (LRTS), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (iRCM), Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRTS/iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Vanessa Petit
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire Réparation et Transcription dans les cellules Souches (LRTS), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (iRCM), Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRTS/iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Nathalie Gault
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Laboratoire Réparation et Transcription dans les cellules Souches (LRTS), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (iRCM), Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LRTS/iRCM/IBFJ, CEA, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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17
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Xiang J, Guo J, Zhang S, Wu H, Chen YG, Wang J, Li B, Liu H. A stromal lineage maintains crypt structure and villus homeostasis in the intestinal stem cell niche. BMC Biol 2023; 21:169. [PMID: 37553612 PMCID: PMC10408166 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nutrient-absorbing villi of small intestines are renewed and repaired by intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which reside in a well-organized crypt structure. Genetic studies have shown that Wnt molecules secreted by telocytes, Gli1+ stromal cells, and epithelial cells are required for ISC proliferation and villus homeostasis. Intestinal stromal cells are heterogeneous and single-cell profiling has divided them into telocytes/subepithelial myofibroblasts, myocytes, pericytes, trophocytes, and Pdgfralow stromal cells. Yet, the niche function of these stromal populations remains incompletely understood. RESULTS We show here that a Twist2 stromal lineage, which constitutes the Pdgfralow stromal cell and trophocyte subpopulations, maintains the crypt structure to provide an inflammation-restricting niche for regenerating ISCs. Ablating Twist2 lineage cells or deletion of one Wntless allele in these cells disturbs the crypt structure and impairs villus homeostasis. Upon radiation, Wntless haplo-deficiency caused decreased production of anti-microbial peptides and increased inflammation, leading to defective ISC proliferation and crypt regeneration, which were partially rescued by eradication of commensal bacteria. In addition, we show that Wnts secreted by Acta2+ subpopulations also play a role in crypt regeneration but not homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that ISCs may require different niches for villus homeostasis and regeneration and that the Twist2 lineage cells may help to maintain a microbe-restricted environment to allow ISC-mediated crypt regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinnan Xiang
- The Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200024, China
| | - Jigang Guo
- The Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200024, China
| | - Shaoyang Zhang
- The Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200024, China
| | - Hongguang Wu
- The Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200024, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Junping Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baojie Li
- The Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200024, China.
| | - Huijuan Liu
- The Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200024, China.
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18
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Pérez-González A, Bévant K, Blanpain C. Cancer cell plasticity during tumor progression, metastasis and response to therapy. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:1063-1082. [PMID: 37537300 PMCID: PMC7615147 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell plasticity represents the ability of cells to be reprogrammed and to change their fate and identity, enabling homeostasis restoration and tissue regeneration following damage. Cell plasticity also contributes to pathological conditions, such as cancer, enabling cells to acquire new phenotypic and functional features by transiting across distinct cell states that contribute to tumor initiation, progression, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Here, we review the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms driving cell plasticity that promote tumor growth and proliferation as well as metastasis and drug tolerance. Finally, we discuss how cell plasticity could be exploited for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pérez-González
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin Bévant
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- WELBIO, ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium.
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19
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Ahmad Sophien AN, Jusop AS, Tye GJ, Tan YF, Wan Kamarul Zaman WS, Nordin F. Intestinal stem cells and gut microbiota therapeutics: hype or hope? Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1195374. [PMID: 37547615 PMCID: PMC10400779 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1195374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The vital role of the intestines as the main site for the digestion and absorption of nutrients for the body continues subconsciously throughout one's lifetime, but underneath all the complex processes lie the intestinal stem cells and the gut microbiota that work together to maintain the intestinal epithelium. Intestinal stem cells (ISC) are multipotent stem cells from which all intestinal epithelial cells originate, and the gut microbiota refers to the abundant collection of various microorganisms that reside in the gastrointestinal tract. Both reside in the intestines and have many mechanisms and pathways in place with the ultimate goal of co-managing human gastrointestinal tract homeostasis. Based on the abundance of research that is focused on either of these two topics, this suggests that there are many methods by which both players affect one another. Therefore, this review aims to address the relationship between ISC and the gut microbiota in the context of regenerative medicine. Understanding the principles behind both aspects is therefore essential in further studies in the field of regenerative medicine by making use of the underlying designed mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Naqiuddin Ahmad Sophien
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amirah Syamimi Jusop
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gee Jun Tye
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Yuen-Fen Tan
- PPUKM-MAKNA Cancer Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (MK FMHS), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul Zaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fazlina Nordin
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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20
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Orzechowska-Licari EJ, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW. Sonic Hedgehog and WNT Signaling Regulate a Positive Feedback Loop Between Intestinal Epithelial and Stromal Cells to Promote Epithelial Regeneration. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:607-642. [PMID: 37481204 PMCID: PMC10470419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Active intestinal stem cells are prone to injury by ionizing radiation. We previously showed that upon radiation-induced injury, normally quiescent reserve intestinal stem cells (rISCs) (marked by BMI1) are activated by Musashi-1 (MSI1) and exit from the quiescent state to regenerate the intestinal epithelium. This study aims to further establish the mechanism that regulates activation of Bmi1-CreER;Rosa26eYFP (Bmi1-CreER) rISCs following γ radiation-induced injury. METHODS Bmi1-CreER mice were treated with tamoxifen to initiate lineage tracing of BMI1 (eYFP+) cells and exposed to 12 Gy of total body γ irradiation or sham. Intestinal tissues were collected and analyzed by immunofluorescence, Western blot, reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS After irradiation, increased expression of Msi1 in eYFP+ cells was accompanied by increased expression of Axin2, a WNT marker. Promoter studies of the Msi1 gene indicated that Msi1 is a WNT target gene. Coculture of stromal cells isolated from irradiated mice stimulated Bmi1-CreER-derived organoid regeneration more effectively than those from sham mice. Expression of WNT ligands, including Wnt2b, Wnt4, Wnt5a, and Rspo3, was increased in irradiated stromal cells compared with sham-treated stromal cells. Moreover, expression of the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) effector Gli1 was increased in stromal cells from irradiated mice. This was correlated with an increased expression of SHH in epithelial cells postirradiation, indicating epithelial-stromal interaction. Finally, preinjury treatment with SHH inhibitor cyclopamine significantly reduced intestinal epithelial regeneration and Msi1 expression postirradiation. CONCLUSIONS Upon ionizing radiation-induced injury, intestinal epithelial cells increase SHH secretion, stimulating stromal cells to secrete WNT ligands. WNT activators induce Msi1 expression in the Bmi1-CreER cells. This stromal-epithelial interaction leads to Bmi1-CreER rISCs induction and epithelial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.
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21
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Garcia-Hernandez V, Raya-Sandino A, Azcutia V, Miranda J, Kelm M, Flemming S, Birkl D, Quiros M, Brazil JC, Parkos CA, Nusrat A. Inhibition of Soluble Stem Cell Factor Promotes Intestinal Mucosal Repair. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:1133-1144. [PMID: 36688460 PMCID: PMC10320368 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidences of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are escalating worldwide and can be considered a global public health problem. Given that the gold standard approach to IBD therapeutics focuses on reducing the severity of symptoms, there is an urgent unmet need to develop alternative therapies that halt not only inflammatory processes but also promote mucosal repair. Previous studies have identified increased stem cell factor (SCF) expression in inflamed intestinal mucosal tissues. However, the role that SCF plays in mediating intestinal inflammation and repair has not been explored. METHODS Changes in the expression of SCF were evaluated in the colonic tissue of healthy mice and during dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Furthermore, mucosal wound healing and colitis severity were analyzed in mice subjected to either mechanical biopsy or DSS treatment, respectively, following intestinal epithelial cell-specific deletion of SCF or anti-SCF antibody administration. RESULTS We report robust expression of SCF by intestinal epithelial cells during intestinal homeostasis with a switch to immune cell-produced SCF during colitis. Data from mice with intestinal epithelial cell-specific deletion of SCF highlight the importance of immune cell-produced SCF in driving the pathogenesis of colitis. Importantly, antibody-mediated neutralization of total SCF or the specific SCF248 isoform decreased immune cell infiltration and enhanced mucosal wound repair following biopsy-induced colonic injury or DSS-induced colitis. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that SCF functions as a pro-inflammatory mediator in mucosal tissues and that specific neutralization of SCF248 could be a viable therapeutic option to reduce intestinal inflammation and promote mucosal wound repair in individuals with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arturo Raya-Sandino
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Veronica Azcutia
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jael Miranda
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthias Kelm
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sven Flemming
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dorothee Birkl
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Miguel Quiros
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer C Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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22
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Park MR, Lee HJ, Jang HM, Kim NH, Lee JS, Jeong YT, Kim I, Choi SH, Seo KS, Kim DH. Cytarabine induces cachexia with lipid malabsorption via zippering the junctions of lacteal in murine small intestine. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100387. [PMID: 37201659 PMCID: PMC10323926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced cachexia causes severe metabolic abnormalities independently of cancer and reduces the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy. The underlying mechanism of chemotherapy-induced cachexia remains unclear. Here we investigated the cytarabine (CYT)-induced alteration in energy balance and its underlying mechanisms in mice. We compared energy balance-associated parameters among the three groups of mice: CON, CYT, and PF (pair-fed mice with the CYT group) that were intravenously administered vehicle or CYT. Weight gain, fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, grip strength, and nocturnal energy expenditure were significantly lowered in the CYT group than in the CON and PF groups. The CYT group demonstrated less energy intake than the CON group and higher respiratory quotient than the PF group, indicating that CYT induced cachexia independently from the anorexia-induced weight loss. Serum triglyceride was significantly lower in the CYT group than in the CON group, whereas the intestinal mucosal triglyceride levels and the lipid content within the small intestine enterocyte were higher after lipid loading in the CYT group than in the CON and PF groups, suggesting that CYT inhibited lipid uptake in the intestine. This was not associated with obvious intestinal damage. The CYT group showed increased zipper-like junctions of lymphatic endothelial vessel in duodenal villi compared to that in the CON and CYT groups, suggesting their imperative role in the CYT-induced inhibition of lipid uptake. CYT worsens cachexia independently of anorexia by inhibiting the intestinal lipid uptake, via the increased zipper-like junctions of lymphatic endothelial vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Rae Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Min Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Taek Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Sik Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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23
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He S, Lei P, Kang W, Cheung P, Xu T, Mana M, Park CY, Wang H, Imada S, Russell JO, Wang J, Wang R, Zhou Z, Chetal K, Stas E, Mohad V, Bruun-Rasmussen P, Sadreyev RI, Hodin RA, Zhang Y, Breault DT, Camargo FD, Yilmaz ÖH, Fredberg JJ, Saeidi N. Stiffness Restricts the Stemness of the Intestinal Stem Cells and Skews Their Differentiation Toward Goblet Cells. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:1137-1151.e15. [PMID: 36871599 PMCID: PMC10200762 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fibrosis and tissue stiffening are hallmarks of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We have hypothesized that the increased stiffness directly contributes to the dysregulation of the epithelial cell homeostasis in IBD. Here, we aim to determine the impact of tissue stiffening on the fate and function of the intestinal stem cells (ISCs). METHODS We developed a long-term culture system consisting of 2.5-dimensional intestinal organoids grown on a hydrogel matrix with tunable stiffness. Single-cell RNA sequencing provided stiffness-regulated transcriptional signatures of the ISCs and their differentiated progeny. YAP-knockout and YAP-overexpression mice were used to manipulate YAP expression. In addition, we analyzed colon samples from murine colitis models and human IBD samples to assess the impact of stiffness on ISCs in vivo. RESULTS We demonstrated that increasing the stiffness potently reduced the population of LGR5+ ISCs and KI-67+-proliferating cells. Conversely, cells expressing the stem cell marker, olfactomedin-4, became dominant in the crypt-like compartments and pervaded the villus-like regions. Concomitantly, stiffening prompted the ISCs to preferentially differentiate toward goblet cells. Mechanistically, stiffening increased the expression of cytosolic YAP, driving the extension of olfactomedin-4+ cells into the villus-like regions, while it induced the nuclear translocation of YAP, leading to preferential differentiation of ISCs toward goblet cells. Furthermore, analysis of colon samples from murine colitis models and patients with IBD demonstrated cellular and molecular remodeling reminiscent of those observed in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings highlight that matrix stiffness potently regulates the stemness of ISCs and their differentiation trajectory, supporting the hypothesis that fibrosis-induced gut stiffening plays a direct role in epithelial remodeling in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie He
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peng Lei
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wenying Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, California
| | - Priscilla Cheung
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Stem Cell Program and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tao Xu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Section on Pathophysiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Miyeko Mana
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Chan Young Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shinya Imada
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jacquelyn O Russell
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Stem Cell Program and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jianxun Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ruizhi Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ziheng Zhou
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kashish Chetal
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric Stas
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vidisha Mohad
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Bruun-Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard A Hodin
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yanhang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David T Breault
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Fernando D Camargo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Stem Cell Program and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey J Fredberg
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nima Saeidi
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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24
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Kuo HC, Daniel AR, Driver LM, Lee CL, Kirsch DG. Histological assessment of intestinal injury by ionizing radiation. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 180:147-175. [PMID: 37890927 PMCID: PMC10755726 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Given the potential risk of radiological terrorism and disasters, it is essential to develop plans to prepare for such events. In these hazardous scenarios, radiation-induced gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome is one of the many manifestations that may happen after the organism is exposed to a lethal dose of ionizing radiation. Therefore, it is critical to better understand how the intestinal tissues initiate and orchestrate regeneration following severe radiation injury. In this chapter, we aimed to provide several key considerations for researchers who utilize histological assessment to study radiation-induced intestinal injury. Rigor and reproducibility are critical in experimental design and can be achieved by maintaining proper radiation administration, maintaining consistency in sample collection, and selecting and using appropriate controls. We also provided technical details of histological preparation of the intestines with tips on dissecting, cleaning, fixing, and preserving. Step-by-step descriptions of both bundling and Swiss rolling are provided with discussion on how to choose between the two approaches. In the following section, we detailed several histological assessment methods and then provided suggestions on how to use histological assessment to study cellular dynamics in the small intestines. Finally, we touched on some non-histological assessments. We hope that the information provided in this chapter will contribute to the research society of radiation-induced intestinal injury with an ultimate goal of promoting the development of radiation countermeasures against the GI acute radiation syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Cheng Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Andrea R Daniel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lucy M Driver
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chang-Lung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.
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25
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Tran S, Juliani J, Fairlie WD, Lee EF. The emerging roles of autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells and its links to inflammatory bowel disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:811-826. [PMID: 37052218 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Landmark genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified that mutations in autophagy genes correlated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a heterogenous disease characterised by prolonged inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, that can reduce a person's quality of life. Autophagy, the delivery of intracellular components to the lysosome for degradation, is a critical cellular housekeeping process that removes damaged proteins and turns over organelles, recycling their amino acids and other constituents to supply cells with energy and necessary building blocks. This occurs under both basal and challenging conditions such as nutrient deprivation. An understanding of the relationship between autophagy, intestinal health and IBD aetiology has improved over time, with autophagy having a verified role in the intestinal epithelium and immune cells. Here, we discuss research that has led to an understanding that autophagy genes, including ATG16L, ATG5, ATG7, IRGM, and Class III PI3K complex members, contribute to innate immune defence in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) via selective autophagy of bacteria (xenophagy), how autophagy contributes to the regulation of the intestinal barrier via cell junctional proteins, and the critical role of autophagy genes in intestinal epithelial secretory subpopulations, namely Paneth and goblet cells. We also discuss how intestinal stem cells can utilise autophagy. Importantly, mouse studies have provided evidence that autophagy deregulation has serious physiological consequences including IEC death and intestinal inflammation. Thus, autophagy is now established as a key regulator of intestinal homeostasis. Further research into how its cytoprotective mechanisms can prevent intestinal inflammation may provide insights into the effective management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Tran
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Juliani Juliani
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - W Douglas Fairlie
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Erinna F Lee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
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26
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Banjac I, Maimets M, Jensen KB. Maintenance of high-turnover tissues during and beyond homeostasis. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:348-361. [PMID: 37028402 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Tissues with a high turnover rate produce millions of cells daily and have abundant regenerative capacity. At the core of their maintenance are populations of stem cells that balance self-renewal and differentiation to produce the adequate numbers of specialized cells required for carrying out essential tissue functions. Here, we compare and contrast the intricate mechanisms and elements of homeostasis and injury-driven regeneration in the epidermis, hematopoietic system, and intestinal epithelium-the fastest renewing tissues in mammals. We highlight the functional relevance of the main mechanisms and identify open questions in the field of tissue maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidora Banjac
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Martti Maimets
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Kim B Jensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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27
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Chembazhi UV, Tung WS, Hwang H, Wang Y, Lalwani A, Nguyen K, Bangru S, Yee D, Chin K, Yang J, Kalsotra A, Mei W. PTBP1 controls intestinal epithelial regeneration through post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:2397-2414. [PMID: 36744439 PMCID: PMC10018364 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial regeneration is driven by intestinal stem cells under homeostatic conditions. Differentiated intestinal epithelial cells, such as Paneth cells, are capable of acquiring multipotency and contributing to regeneration upon the loss of intestinal stem cells. Paneth cells also support intestinal stem cell survival and regeneration. We report here that depletion of an RNA-binding protein named polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1) in mouse intestinal epithelial cells causes intestinal stem cell death and epithelial regeneration failure. Mechanistically, we show that PTBP1 inhibits neuronal-like splicing programs in intestinal crypt cells, which is critical for maintaining intestinal stem cell stemness. This function is achieved at least in part through promoting the non-productive splicing of its paralog PTBP2. Moreover, PTBP1 inhibits the expression of an AKT inhibitor PHLDA3 in Paneth cells and permits AKT activation, which presumably maintains Paneth cell plasticity and function in supporting intestinal stem cell niche. We show that PTBP1 directly binds to a CU-rich region in the 3' UTR of Phlda3, which we demonstrate to be critical for downregulating the mRNA and protein levels of Phlda3. Our results thus reveal the multifaceted in vivo regulation of intestinal epithelial regeneration by PTBP1 at the post-transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuexi Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Aryan Lalwani
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Ka Lam Nguyen
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Sushant Bangru
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Danielle Yee
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Kristy Chin
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Auinash Kalsotra
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Auinash Kalsotra. Tel: +1 217 300 7654; Fax: +1 217 265 0385;
| | - Wenyan Mei
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 217 244 4077; Fax: 217 333 4628; E-mail:
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28
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Senchukova MA. Genetic heterogeneity of colorectal cancer and the microbiome. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:443-463. [PMID: 37009315 PMCID: PMC10052667 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i3.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the World Health Organization's GLOBOCAN database ranked colorectal cancer (CRC) as the third most common cancer in the world. Most cases of CRC (> 95%) are sporadic and develop from colorectal polyps that can progress to intramucosal carcinoma and CRC. Increasing evidence is accumulating that the gut microbiota can play a key role in the initiation and progression of CRC, as well as in the treatment of CRC, acting as an important metabolic and immunological regulator. Factors that may determine the microbiota role in CRC carcinogenesis include inflammation, changes in intestinal stem cell function, impact of bacterial metabolites on gut mucosa, accumulation of genetic mutations and other factors. In this review, I discuss the major mechanisms of the development of sporadic CRC, provide detailed characteristics of the bacteria that are most often associated with CRC, and analyze the role of the microbiome and microbial metabolites in inflammation initiation, activation of proliferative activity in intestinal epithelial and stem cells, and the development of genetic and epigenetic changes in CRC. I consider long-term studies in this direction to be very important, as they open up new opportunities for the treatment and prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Senchukova
- Department of Oncology, Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg 460000, Russia
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29
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Cui C, Wang F, Zheng Y, Wei H, Peng J. From birth to death: The hardworking life of Paneth cell in the small intestine. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1122258. [PMID: 36969191 PMCID: PMC10036411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1122258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Paneth cells are a group of unique intestinal epithelial cells, and they play an important role in host-microbiota interactions. At the origin of Paneth cell life, several pathways such as Wnt, Notch, and BMP signaling, affect the differentiation of Paneth cells. After lineage commitment, Paneth cells migrate downward and reside in the base of crypts, and they possess abundant granules in their apical cytoplasm. These granules contain some important substances such as antimicrobial peptides and growth factors. Antimicrobial peptides can regulate the composition of microbiota and defend against mucosal penetration by commensal and pathogenic bacteria to protect the intestinal epithelia. The growth factors derived from Paneth cells contribute to the maintenance of the normal functions of intestinal stem cells. The presence of Paneth cells ensures the sterile environment and clearance of apoptotic cells from crypts to maintain the intestinal homeostasis. At the end of their lives, Paneth cells experience different types of programmed cell death such as apoptosis and necroptosis. During intestinal injury, Paneth cells can acquire stem cell features to restore the intestinal epithelial integrity. In view of the crucial roles of Paneth cells in the intestinal homeostasis, research on Paneth cells has rapidly developed in recent years, and the existing reviews on Paneth cells have mainly focused on their functions of antimicrobial peptide secretion and intestinal stem cell support. This review aims to summarize the approaches to studying Paneth cells and introduce the whole life experience of Paneth cells from birth to death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbin Cui
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangke Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Peng,
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30
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Zhang L, He Y, Dong L, Liu C, Su L, Guo R, Luo Q, Gan B, Cao F, Wang Y, Song H, Li X. Perturbation of intestinal stem cell homeostasis and radiation enteritis recovery via dietary titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Cell Prolif 2023:e13427. [PMID: 36798041 PMCID: PMC10392070 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Small intestinal health and enteritis incidence are tightly coupled to the homeostasis of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which are sensitive to dietary alterations. However, little is known about the impact of food additives on ISC pool. Here, we demonstrate that chronic exposure to low-dose TiO2 NPs, a commonly used food additive, significantly hampers primary human and mouse ISC-derived organoid formation and growth by specifically attenuating Wnt signal transduction. Mechanistically, TiO2 NPs alter the endocytic trafficking of the Wnt receptor LRP6 and prevent the nuclear entry of β-catenin. Notably, dietary TiO2 NPs elicit modest chronic stress in healthy intestines and considerably impede the recovery of radiation enteritis by perturbing the homeostasis of ISCs in vivo. Our results identify a health concern of TiO2 NP exposure on ISC homeostasis and radiation enteritis recovery. These findings suggest extra precaution during the treatment of radiation enteritis and provide new insights into food additive-ISC interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linpei Zhang
- BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinli He
- BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lele Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Su
- BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruirui Guo
- BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinying Luo
- BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baoyu Gan
- BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiyun Song
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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31
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Wang J, Zhao D, Lei Z, Ge P, Lu Z, Chai Q, Zhang Y, Qiang L, Yu Y, Zhang X, Li B, Zhu S, Zhang L, Liu CH. TRIM27 maintains gut homeostasis by promoting intestinal stem cell self-renewal. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:158-174. [PMID: 36596873 PMCID: PMC9887071 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00963-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of gut homeostasis is associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting approximately 11.2% of the global population. The poorly understood pathogenesis of IBS has impeded its treatment. Here, we report that the E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif-containing 27 (TRIM27) is weakly expressed in IBS but highly expressed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a frequent chronic organic gastrointestinal disorder. Accordingly, knockout of Trim27 in mice causes spontaneously occurring IBS-like symptoms, including increased visceral hyperalgesia and abnormal stool features, as observed in IBS patients. Mechanistically, TRIM27 stabilizes β-catenin and thus activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote intestinal stem cell (ISC) self-renewal. Consistent with these findings, Trim27 deficiency disrupts organoid formation, which is rescued by reintroducing TRIM27 or β-catenin. Furthermore, Wnt/β-catenin signaling activator treatment ameliorates IBS symptoms by promoting ISC self-renewal. Taken together, these data indicate that TRIM27 is critical for maintaining gut homeostasis, suggesting that targeting the TRIM27/Wnt/β-catenin axis could be a potential treatment strategy for IBS. Our study also indicates that TRIM27 might serve as a potential biomarker for differentiating IBS from IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dongdong Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Zehui Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Pupu Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhe Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Qiyao Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lihua Qiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Yang Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bingxi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- Institute of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Cui Hua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
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32
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Epithelial plasticity enhances regeneration of committed taste receptor cells following nerve injury. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:171-182. [PMID: 36631663 PMCID: PMC9833027 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Taste receptor cells are taste bud epithelial cells that are dependent upon the innervating nerve for continuous renewal and are maintained by resident tissue stem/progenitor cells. Transection of the innervating nerve causes degeneration of taste buds and taste receptor cells. However, a subset of the taste receptor cells is maintained without nerve contact after glossopharyngeal nerve transection in the circumvallate papilla in adult mice. Here, we revealed that injury caused by glossopharyngeal nerve transection triggers the remaining differentiated K8-positive taste receptor cells to dedifferentiate and acquire transient progenitor cell-like states during regeneration. Dedifferentiated taste receptor cells proliferate, express progenitor cell markers (K14, Sox2, PCNA) and form organoids in vitro. These data indicate that differentiated taste receptor cells can enter the cell cycle, acquire stemness, and participate in taste bud regeneration. We propose that dedifferentiated taste receptor cells in combination with stem/progenitor cells enhance the regeneration of taste buds following nerve injury.
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Häfliger J, Schwarzfischer M, Atrott K, Stanzel C, Morsy Y, Wawrzyniak M, Lang S, Valenta T, Basler K, Rogler G, Scharl M, Spalinger MR. Glycoprotein (GP)96 Is Essential for Maintaining Intestinal Epithelial Architecture by Supporting Its Self-Renewal Capacity. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:717-739. [PMID: 36516930 PMCID: PMC9879791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Glycoprotein (GP)96 is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident master chaperone for cell surface receptors including the Wnt co-receptors low-density lipoprotein-receptor-related protein 5/6. Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific deletion of Gp96 is embryonically lethal. However, the role of GP96 in adult intestinal tissue and especially within the intestinal stem cell (ISC) niche is unknown. Here, we investigated how GP96 loss interferes with intestinal homeostasis by compromising viability, proliferation, and differentiation of IECs. METHODS Tamoxifen was used to induce Cre-mediated deletion of Gp96 in GP96-VillincreERT2 (Cre recombinase-Estrogen-Receptor Transgene 2) mice and intestinal organoids. With H&E and immunofluorescence staining we assessed alterations in intestinal morphology and the presence and localization of IEC types. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the severe phenotype of Gp96 KO mice and organoids. RESULTS IEC-specific deletion of Gp96 in adult mice resulted in a rapid degeneration of the stem cell niche, followed by complete eradication of the epithelial layer and death within a few days. These effects were owing to severe defects in ISC renewal and premature ISC differentiation, which resulted from defective Wnt and Notch signaling. Furthermore, depletion of GP96 led to massive induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Although effects on ISC renewal and adequate differentiation were partly reversed upon activation of Wnt/Notch signaling, viability could not be restored, indicating that reduced viability was mediated by other mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Our work shows that GP96 plays a fundamental role in regulating ISC fate and epithelial regeneration and therefore is indispensable for maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Häfliger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marlene Schwarzfischer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Stanzel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yasser Morsy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Wawrzyniak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Valenta
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Basler
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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34
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Jones C, Avino M, Giroux V, Boudreau F. HNF4α Acts as Upstream Functional Regulator of Intestinal Wnt3 and Paneth Cell Fate. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:593-612. [PMID: 36464209 PMCID: PMC9871320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The intestinal epithelium intrinsically renews itself ex vivo via the proliferation of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells, which is sustained by the establishment of an epithelial stem cell niche. Differentiated Paneth cells are the main source of epithelial-derived niche factor supplies and produce Wnt3 as an essential factor in supporting Lgr5+ stem cell activity in the absence of redundant mesenchymal Wnts. Maturation of Paneth cells depends on canonical Wnt signaling, but few transcriptional regulators have been identified to this end. The role of HNF4α in intestinal epithelial cell differentiation is considered redundant with its paralog HNF4γ. However, it is unclear whether HNF4α alone controls intrinsic intestinal epithelial cell growth and fate in the absence of a mesenchymal niche. METHODS We used transcriptomic analyses to dissect the role of HNF4α in the maintenance of jejunal epithelial culture when cultured ex vivo as enteroids in the presence or absence of compensatory mesenchymal cells. RESULTS HNF4α plays a crucial role in supporting the growth and survival of jejunal enteroids. Transcriptomic analyses revealed an autonomous function of HNF4α in Wnt3 transcriptional regulation and Paneth cell differentiation. We showed that Wnt3a supplementation or co-culture with intestinal subepithelial mesenchymal cells reversed cell death and transcriptional changes caused by the deletion of Hnf4a in jejunal enteroids. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the intrinsic epithelial role of HNF4α in regulating Paneth cell homeostasis and intestinal epithelium renewal in the absence of compensatory Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Jones
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Mariano Avino
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Véronique Giroux
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Francois Boudreau
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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35
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Role of Wnt signaling in the maintenance and regeneration of the intestinal epithelium. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:281-326. [PMID: 36967198 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium plays a key role in digestion and protection against external pathogens. This tissue presents a high cellular turnover with the epithelium being completely renewed every 5days, driven by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) residing in the crypt bases. To sustain this dynamic renewal of the intestinal epithelium, the maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of ISCs must be precisely controlled. One of the central pathways supporting ISC maintenance and dynamics is the Wnt pathway. In this chapter, we examine the role of Wnt signaling in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and tissue regeneration, including mechanisms regulating ISC identity and fine-tuning of Wnt pathway activation. We extensively discuss the contribution of the stem cell niche in maintaining Wnt signaling in the intestinal crypts that support ISC functions. The integration of these findings highlights the complex interplay of multiple niche signals and cellular components sustaining ISC behavior and maintenance, which together supports the immense plasticity of the intestinal epithelium.
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36
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Wallaeys C, Garcia‐Gonzalez N, Libert C. Paneth cells as the cornerstones of intestinal and organismal health: a primer. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 15:e16427. [PMID: 36573340 PMCID: PMC9906427 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Paneth cells are versatile secretory cells located in the crypts of Lieberkühn of the small intestine. In normal conditions, they function as the cornerstones of intestinal health by preserving homeostasis. They perform this function by providing niche factors to the intestinal stem cell compartment, regulating the composition of the microbiome through the production and secretion of antimicrobial peptides, performing phagocytosis and efferocytosis, taking up heavy metals, and preserving barrier integrity. Disturbances in one or more of these functions can lead to intestinal as well as systemic inflammatory and infectious diseases. This review discusses the multiple functions of Paneth cells, and the mechanisms and consequences of Paneth cell dysfunction. It also provides an overview of the tools available for studying Paneth cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Wallaeys
- Center for Inflammation Research‐VIBGhentBelgium,Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Natalia Garcia‐Gonzalez
- Center for Inflammation Research‐VIBGhentBelgium,Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research‐VIBGhentBelgium,Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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37
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Wang D, Kuang Y, Wan Z, Li P, Zhao J, Zhu H, Liu Y. Aspartate Alleviates Colonic Epithelial Damage by Regulating Intestinal Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation via Mitochondrial Dynamics. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200168. [PMID: 36310136 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are crucial for functional restoration after injury, which can be regulated by nutritional molecules. Aspartate is implicated in maintaining intestinal barrier after injury, but underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, this study seeks to investigate if aspartate alleviates colonic epithelial damage by regulating ISC function, and to elucidate its mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice supplement with or without 1% L-aspartate are subjected to drinking water or 2.5% DSS to induce colitis. In this study, aspartate administration alleviates the severity of colitis, as indicated by reduced body weight loss, colon shortening, and inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in DSS-challenged mice. Additionally, aspartate promotes colonic epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation after DSS-induced damage in mice. Pretreatment with aspartate not only enhances ISC proliferation but also induces ISC differentiation toward enterocytes and goblet cells, which prevent TNF-α-induced colonoid damage. Mechanistically, aspartate ameliorates DSS/TNF-α-induced perturbation of mitochondrial metabolism and maintains mitochondrial dynamics in colonic epithelium and colonoids. Moreover, aspartate-mediated ISC proliferation and differentiation are primarily dependent on mitochondrial fusion rather than fission. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that aspartate promotes ISC proliferation and differentiation to alleviate colonic epithelial damage by regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Yanling Kuang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Pei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China
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Kurnik-Łucka M, Latacz G, Goryl J, Aleksandrovych V, Gil K. Salsolinol Protects SH-SY5Y Cells Against MPP + Damage and Increases Enteric S100-Immunoreactivity in Wistar Rats. Neurochem Res 2022; 48:1347-1359. [PMID: 36449199 PMCID: PMC10066146 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03835-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A dopamine derivative, 1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, known as salsolinol (SAL), has increasingly gained attention since its first detection in the urine of Parkinson's disease patients treated with levodopa, and has been proposed as a possible neurotoxic contributor to the disease. Yet, so far, the neurobiological role of SAL remains unclear. Thus, the main aims of our study were to compare the neurotoxic potential of SAL with MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion) in vitro, and to examine intestinal and metabolic alterations following intraperitoneal SAL administration in vivo. In vitro, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line was monitored following MPP+ and SAL treatment. In vivo, Wistar rats were subjected to SAL administration by either osmotic intraperitoneal mini-pumps or a single intraperitoneal injection, and after two weeks, biochemical and morphological parameters were assessed. SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+ (1000 μM) and SAL (50 µM) showed increase in cell viability and fluorescence intensity in comparison with the cells treated with MPP+ alone. In vivo, we predominantly observed decreased collagen content in the submucosal layer, decreased neuronal density with comparable ganglionic area in the jejunal myenteric plexus, and increased glial S100 expression in both enteric plexuses, yet with no obvious signs of inflammation. Besides, glucose and triglycerides levels were lower after single SAL-treatment (200 mg/kg), and low- to high-density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) ratio and aspartate to alanine aminotransferases (AST/ALT) ratio levels were higher after continuous SAL-treatment (200 mg/kg in total over 2 weeks). Low doses of SAL were non-toxic and exhibited pronounced neuroprotective properties against MPP+ in SH-SY5Y cell line, which supports the use of SAL as a reference compound for in vitro studies. In vivo results give insight into our understanding of gastrointestinal remodeling following intraperitoneal SAL administration, and might represent morphological correlates of a microglial-related enteric neurodegeneration and dopaminergic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kurnik-Łucka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Goryl
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Krakow, Poland
| | - Veronika Aleksandrovych
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121, Krakow, Poland
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Enriquez JR, McCauley HA, Zhang KX, Sanchez JG, Kalin GT, Lang RA, Wells JM. A dietary change to a high-fat diet initiates a rapid adaptation of the intestine. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111641. [PMID: 36384107 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term impacts of diet have been well studied; however, the immediate response of the intestinal epithelium to a change in nutrients remains poorly understood. We use physiological metrics and single-cell transcriptomics to interrogate the intestinal epithelial cell response to a high-fat diet (HFD). Within 1 day of HFD exposure, mice exhibit altered whole-body physiology and increased intestinal epithelial proliferation. Single-cell transcriptional analysis on day 1 reveals a cell-stress response in intestinal crypts and a shift toward fatty acid metabolism. By 3 days of HFD, computational trajectory analysis suggests an emergence of progenitors, with a transcriptional profile shifting from secretory populations toward enterocytes. Furthermore, enterocytes upregulate lipid absorption genes and show increased lipid absorption in vivo over 7 days of HFD. These findings demonstrate the rapid intestinal epithelial response to a dietary change and help illustrate the essential ability of animals to adapt to shifting nutritional environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Enriquez
- Division of Developmental Biology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute-Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Heather A McCauley
- Division of Developmental Biology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute-Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Kevin X Zhang
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute-Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J Guillermo Sanchez
- Division of Developmental Biology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute-Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Gregory T Kalin
- Division of Developmental Biology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute-Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Richard A Lang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute-Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute-Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James M Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute-Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute-Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute-Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
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40
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Johnson NM, Parham LR, Na J, Monaghan KE, Kolev HM, Klochkova A, Kim MS, Danan CH, Cramer Z, Simon LA, Naughton KE, Adams‐Tzivelekidis S, Tian Y, Williams PA, Leu NA, Sidoli S, Whelan KA, Li N, Lengner CJ, Hamilton KE. Autophagic state prospectively identifies facultative stem cells in the intestinal epithelium. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55209. [PMID: 36120829 PMCID: PMC9638868 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium exhibits a rapid and efficient regenerative response to injury. Emerging evidence supports a model where plasticity of differentiated cells, particularly those in the secretory lineages, contributes to epithelial regeneration upon ablation of injury-sensitive stem cells. However, such facultative stem cell activity is rare within secretory populations. Here, we ask whether specific functional properties predict facultative stem cell activity. We utilize in vivo labeling combined with ex vivo organoid formation assays to evaluate how cell age and autophagic state contribute to facultative stem cell activity within secretory lineages. Strikingly, we find that cell age (time elapsed since cell cycle exit) does not correlate with secretory cell plasticity. Instead, high autophagic vesicle content predicts plasticity and resistance to DNA damaging injury independently of cell lineage. Our findings indicate that autophagic status prior to injury serves as a lineage-agnostic marker for the prospective identification of facultative stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette M Johnson
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Louis R Parham
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jeeyoon Na
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Keara E Monaghan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Hannah M Kolev
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Alena Klochkova
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular BiologyLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Melissa S Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Charles H Danan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Zvi Cramer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lauren A Simon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kaitlyn E Naughton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Stephanie Adams‐Tzivelekidis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Yuhua Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Patrick A Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - N Adrian Leu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of BiochemistryAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Kelly A Whelan
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular BiologyLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Christopher J Lengner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kathryn E Hamilton
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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41
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Park SE, Kang S, Paek J, Georgescu A, Chang J, Yi AY, Wilkins BJ, Karakasheva TA, Hamilton KE, Huh DD. Geometric engineering of organoid culture for enhanced organogenesis in a dish. Nat Methods 2022; 19:1449-1460. [PMID: 36280722 PMCID: PMC10027401 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Here, we introduce a facile, scalable engineering approach to enable long-term development and maturation of organoids. We have redesigned the configuration of conventional organoid culture to develop a platform that converts single injections of stem cell suspensions to radial arrays of organoids that can be maintained for extended periods without the need for passaging. Using this system, we demonstrate accelerated production of intestinal organoids with significantly enhanced structural and functional maturity, and their continuous development for over 4 weeks. Furthermore, we present a patient-derived organoid model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its interrogation using single-cell RNA sequencing to demonstrate its ability to reproduce key pathological features of IBD. Finally, we describe the extension of our approach to engineer vascularized, perfusable human enteroids, which can be used to model innate immune responses in IBD. This work provides an immediately deployable platform technology toward engineering more realistic organ-like structures in a dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Estelle Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shawn Kang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jungwook Paek
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrei Georgescu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Vivodyne, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeehan Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alex Yoon Yi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Wilkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tatiana A Karakasheva
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan Dongeun Huh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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42
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Tian A, Morejon V, Kohoutek S, Huang Y, Deng W, Jiang J. Damage-induced regeneration of the intestinal stem cell pool through enteroblast mitosis in the Drosophila midgut. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110834. [PMID: 35950466 PMCID: PMC9531297 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Many adult tissues and organs including the intestine rely on resident stem cells to maintain homeostasis and regeneration. In mammals, the progenies of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) can dedifferentiate to generate ISCs upon ablation of resident stem cells. However, whether and how mature tissue cells generate ISCs under physiological conditions remains unknown. Here, we show that infection of the Drosophila melanogaster intestine with pathogenic bacteria induces entry of enteroblasts (EBs), which are ISC progenies, into the mitotic cycle through upregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-Ras signaling. We also show that ectopic activation of EGFR-Ras signaling in EBs is sufficient to drive enteroblast mitosis cell autonomously. Furthermore, we find that the dividing enteroblasts do not gain ISC identity as a prerequisite to divide, and the regenerative ISCs are produced through EB mitosis. Taken together, our work uncovers a new role for EGFR-Ras signaling in driving EB mitosis and replenishing the ISC pool during fly intestinal regeneration, which may have important implications for tissue homeostasis and tumorigenesis in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of MedicineLouisiana Cancer Research CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
- Tulane Aging CenterTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Virginia Morejon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of MedicineLouisiana Cancer Research CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Sarah Kohoutek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of MedicineLouisiana Cancer Research CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Yi‐Chun Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of MedicineLouisiana Cancer Research CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Wu‐Min Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of MedicineLouisiana Cancer Research CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Jin Jiang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
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43
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Dou Y, Pizarro T, Zhou L. Organoids as a Model System for Studying Notch Signaling in Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis and Intestinal Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1347-1357. [PMID: 35752229 PMCID: PMC9552028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organoid culture is an approach that allows three-dimensional growth for stem cells to self-organize and develop multicellular structures. Intestinal organoids have been widely used to study cellular or molecular processes in stem cell and cancer research. These cultures possess the ability to maintain cellular complexity as well as recapitulate many properties of the human intestinal epithelium, thereby providing an ideal in vitro model to investigate cellular and molecular signaling pathways. These include, but are not limited to, the mechanisms required for maintaining balanced populations of epithelial cells. Notch signaling is one of the major pathways of regulating stem cell functions in the gut, driving proliferation and controlling cell fate determination. Notch also plays an important role in regulating tumor progression and metastasis. Understanding how Notch pathway regulates epithelial regeneration and differentiation by using intestinal organoids is critical for studying both homeostasis and pathogenesis of intestinal stem cells that can lead to discoveries of new targets for drug development to treat intestinal diseases. In addition, use of patient-derived organoids can provide effective personalized medicine. This review summarizes the current literature regarding epithelial Notch pathways regulating intestinal homeostasis and regeneration, highlighting the use of organoid cultures and their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingtong Dou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Theresa Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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44
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Özsoy M, Stummer N, Zimmermann FA, Feichtinger RG, Sperl W, Weghuber D, Schneider AM. Role of Energy Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:1443-1450. [PMID: 35247048 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurring inflammation of the intestine which can be debilitating for those with intractable disease. However, the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disorders remains to be solved. The hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction is a crucial factor in the disease process is being validated by an increasing number of recent studies. Thus mitochondrial alteration in conjunction with previously identified genetic predisposition, changes in the immune response, altered gut microbiota, and environmental factors (eg, diet, smoking, and lifestyle) are all posited to contribute to IBD. The implicated factors seem to affect mitochondrial function or are influenced by mitochondrial dysfunction, which explains many of the hallmarks of the disease. This review summarizes the results of studies reporting links between mitochondria and IBD that were available on PubMed through March 2021. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the current understanding of the role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihriban Özsoy
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nathalie Stummer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Franz A Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - René G Feichtinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sperl
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna M Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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45
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Singh PNP, Madha S, Leiter AB, Shivdasani RA. Cell and chromatin transitions in intestinal stem cell regeneration. Genes Dev 2022; 36:684-698. [PMID: 35738677 PMCID: PMC9296007 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349412.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The progeny of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) dedifferentiate in response to ISC attrition. The precise cell sources, transitional states, and chromatin remodeling behind this activity remain unclear. In the skin, stem cell recovery after injury preserves an epigenetic memory of the damage response; whether similar memories arise and persist in regenerated ISCs is not known. We addressed these questions by examining gene activity and open chromatin at the resolution of single Neurog3-labeled mouse intestinal crypt cells, hence deconstructing forward and reverse differentiation of the intestinal secretory (Sec) lineage. We show that goblet, Paneth, and enteroendocrine cells arise by multilineage priming in common precursors, followed by selective access at thousands of cell-restricted cis-elements. Selective ablation of the ISC compartment elicits speedy reversal of chromatin and transcriptional features in large fractions of precursor and mature crypt Sec cells without obligate cell cycle re-entry. ISC programs decay and reappear along a cellular continuum lacking discernible discrete interim states. In the absence of gross tissue damage, Sec cells simply reverse their forward trajectories, without invoking developmental or other extrinsic programs, and starting chromatin identities are effectively erased. These findings identify strikingly plastic molecular frameworks in assembly and regeneration of a self-renewing tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik N P Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Shariq Madha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Andrew B Leiter
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Ramesh A Shivdasani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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46
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Palikuqi B, Rispal J, Klein O. Good Neighbors: The Niche that Fine Tunes Mammalian Intestinal Regeneration. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2022; 14:a040865. [PMID: 34580119 PMCID: PMC9159262 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium undergoes continuous cellular turnover, making it an attractive model to study tissue renewal and regeneration. Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) can both self-renew and differentiate along all epithelial cell lineages. Decisions about which fate to pursue are controlled by a balance between high Wnt signaling at the crypt bottom, where Lgr5 + ISCs reside, and increasing bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) levels toward the villus, where differentiated cells are located. Under stress conditions, epithelial cells in the intestine are quite plastic, with dedifferentiation, the reversal of cell fate from a differentiated cell to a more stem-like cell, allowing for most mature epithelial cell types to acquire stem cell-like properties. The ISC niche, mainly made up of mesenchymal, immune, enteric neuronal, and endothelial cells, plays a central role in maintaining the physiological function of the intestine. Additionally, the immune system and the microbiome play an essential role in regulating intestinal renewal. The development of various mouse models, organoid co-cultures and single-cell technologies has led to advances in understanding signals emanating from the mesenchymal niche. Here, we review how intestinal regeneration is driven by stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, with an emphasis on the niche that fine tunes these processes in both homeostasis and injury conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisa Palikuqi
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences
| | - Jérémie Rispal
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences
| | - Ophir Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences
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Yan H, Li Y, Wang X, Qian J, Xu M, Peng J, Huang D. The Alteration of T-Cell Heterogeneity and PD-L1 Colocalization During dMMR Colorectal Cancer Progression Defined by Multiplex Immunohistochemistry. Front Oncol 2022; 12:867658. [PMID: 35669431 PMCID: PMC9163547 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.867658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are quickly becoming key instruments in the treatment of mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancers (CRCs). Despite their clinical value, ICIs have several limitations associated with their use. Only approximately 15% of all CRCs have a dMMR status, and the overall response rate of ICIs is approximately 40%. The mechanism of ICI resistance is not clear, and its study is limited by the lack of information available on the characterization of the immune microenvironment during the progression from early- to advanced-stage dMMR CRC. Methods We used multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) with two panels, each containing five markers, to simultaneously analyze the proportions of immune microenvironment constituents in 59 patients with advanced-stage dMMR CRC and 24 patients with early-stage dMMR CRC. We detected immune cell–associated signatures in the epithelial and stromal regions and evaluated the predictive value of these immune molecules. Student’s t-tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, Cox proportional hazards regression modeling, univariate Cox modeling, and Kaplan–Meier estimation were used to analyze immune cell proportions and survival data. Results We observed significantly higher proportions of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) (p = 0.001), CD8+ memory T cells (CD8+CD45RO+) (p = 0.032), and CD4+ regulatory T cells (CD4+FOXP3+) (p = 0.011) in the advanced-stage dMMR CRCs than in the early-stage dMMR CRCs. Furthermore, CD3+ T cells with PD-L1 colocalization (CD3+PD-L1+) (p = 0.043) and CD8+ T cells with PD-L1 colocalization (CD8+PD-L1+) (p = 0.005) were consistently more numerous in patients in the advanced stage than those in the early stage. Our analyses revealed that a high proportion of CD3+PD-1+ T cells was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival (OS) [hazard ratios (HR) = 9.6, p < 0.001] and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 3.7, p = 0.010) in patients in the advanced stage. Conclusion High numbers of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD8+ memory T cells, which usually represent a cytotoxic function of the adaptive immune system and possibly enhanced inhibition factors, such as CD4+ regulatory T cells and PD-L1 colocalized T cells, were associated with the transformation of the immune microenvironment from the early stage to the advanced stage in dMMR CRCs. Furthermore, CD3+PD-1+ T cells are a prognostic factor for patients with dMMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkai Yan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Qian
- Department of Medicine, Genecast Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Midie Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Huang,
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Cancer evolution: special focus on the immune aspect of cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:420-435. [PMID: 35589072 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is an evolutionary disease. Intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH), which describes the diversity within individual tumors, sets the foundation for evolution. The fitness of tumor cells is determined by their microenvironment, which exerts intense selection pressure that generally favors cells with survival and proliferation advantages. It has been revealed that host immunity dramatically influences the evolutionary trajectory of cancer. As technologies advance, a refined map of the immune system's involvement in cancer evolution has gradually come to our knowledge. Here we specifically view cancer through the lens of evolutionary immunological biology. We will cover the neoplastic evolution under immunosurveillance, including how the host immunity shapes the tumor evolutionary trajectory and how progressive tumors modulate the host immunity to survive. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between cancer evolution and cancer immunity provides clues to combating cancer strategically.
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Nagai H, Miura M, Nakajima YI. Cellular mechanisms underlying adult tissue plasticity in Drosophila. Fly (Austin) 2022; 16:190-206. [PMID: 35470772 PMCID: PMC9045823 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2066952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult tissues in Metazoa dynamically remodel their structures in response to environmental challenges including sudden injury, pathogen infection, and nutritional fluctuation, while maintaining quiescence under homoeostatic conditions. This characteristic, hereafter referred to as adult tissue plasticity, can prevent tissue dysfunction and improve the fitness of organisms in continuous and/or severe change of environments. With its relatively simple tissue structures and genetic tools, studies using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster have provided insights into molecular mechanisms that control cellular responses, particularly during regeneration and nutrient adaptation. In this review, we present the current understanding of cellular mechanisms, stem cell proliferation, polyploidization, and cell fate plasticity, all of which enable adult tissue plasticity in various Drosophila adult organs including the midgut, the brain, and the gonad, and discuss the organismal strategy in response to environmental changes and future directions of the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nagai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Greenspan LJ, de Cuevas M, Le KH, Viveiros JM, Matunis EL. Activation of the EGFR/MAPK pathway drives transdifferentiation of quiescent niche cells to stem cells in the Drosophila testis niche. eLife 2022; 11:e70810. [PMID: 35468055 PMCID: PMC9038189 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells are maintained in niches, specialized microenvironments that regulate their self-renewal and differentiation. In the adult Drosophila testis stem cell niche, somatic hub cells produce signals that regulate adjacent germline stem cells (GSCs) and somatic cyst stem cells (CySCs). Hub cells are normally quiescent, but after complete genetic ablation of CySCs, they can proliferate and transdifferentiate into new CySCs. Here we find that Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is upregulated in hub cells after CySC ablation and that the ability of testes to recover from ablation is inhibited by reduced EGFR signaling. In addition, activation of the EGFR pathway in hub cells is sufficient to induce their proliferation and transdifferentiation into CySCs. We propose that EGFR signaling, which is normally required in adult cyst cells, is actively inhibited in adult hub cells to maintain their fate but is repurposed to drive stem cell regeneration after CySC ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah J Greenspan
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Margaret de Cuevas
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Kathy H Le
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Jennifer M Viveiros
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Erika L Matunis
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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