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Lee AJ, Yao S, Lusk N, Zeng H, Tasic B, Abbasi-Asl R. Data-driven fine-grained region discovery in the mouse brain with transformers. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.05.592608. [PMID: 38766132 PMCID: PMC11100623 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.05.592608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Technologies such as spatial transcriptomics offer unique opportunities to define the spatial organization of the mouse brain. We developed an unsupervised training scheme and novel transformer-based deep learning architecture to detect spatial domains in mouse whole-brain spatial transcriptomics data. Our model learns local representations of molecular and cellular statistical patterns. These local representations can be clustered to identify spatial domains within the brain from coarse to fine-grained. Discovered domains are spatially regular, even with several hundreds of spatial clusters. They are also consistent with existing anatomical ontologies such as the Allen Mouse Brain Common Coordinate Framework version 3 (CCFv31) and can be visually interpreted at the cell type or transcript level. We demonstrate our method can be used to identify previously uncatalogued subregions, such as in the midbrain, where we uncover gradients of inhibitory neuron complexity and abundance. We apply our method to a separate multi-animal whole-brain spatial transcriptomic dataset and observe that inclusion of both sagittal and coronal tissue slices in region identification improves correspondence of spatial domains to CCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Lee
- University of California, San Francisco
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences
| | | | | | | | | | - Reza Abbasi-Asl
- University of California, San Francisco
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences
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2
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Nelson ED, Tippani M, Ramnauth AD, Divecha HR, Miller RA, Eagles NJ, Pattie EA, Kwon SH, Bach SV, Kaipa UM, Yao J, Kleinman JE, Collado-Torres L, Han S, Maynard KR, Hyde TM, Martinowich K, Page SC, Hicks SC. An integrated single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomics atlas reveals the molecular landscape of the human hippocampus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.26.590643. [PMID: 38712198 PMCID: PMC11071618 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.590643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus contains many unique cell types, which serve the structure's specialized functions, including learning, memory and cognition. These cells have distinct spatial topography, morphology, physiology, and connectivity, highlighting the need for transcriptome-wide profiling strategies that retain cytoarchitectural organization. Here, we generated spatially-resolved transcriptomics (SRT) and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) data from adjacent tissue sections of the anterior human hippocampus across ten adult neurotypical donors. We defined molecular profiles for hippocampal cell types and spatial domains. Using non-negative matrix factorization and transfer learning, we integrated these data to define gene expression patterns within the snRNA-seq data and infer the expression of these patterns in the SRT data. With this approach, we leveraged existing rodent datasets that feature information on circuit connectivity and neural activity induction to make predictions about axonal projection targets and likelihood of ensemble recruitment in spatially-defined cellular populations of the human hippocampus. Finally, we integrated genome-wide association studies with transcriptomic data to identify enrichment of genetic components for neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders across cell types, spatial domains, and gene expression patterns of the human hippocampus. To make this comprehensive molecular atlas accessible to the scientific community, both raw and processed data are freely available, including through interactive web applications.
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3
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Ding SL. Lamination, Borders, and Thalamic Projections of the Primary Visual Cortex in Human, Non-Human Primate, and Rodent Brains. Brain Sci 2024; 14:372. [PMID: 38672021 PMCID: PMC11048015 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary visual cortex (V1) is one of the most studied regions of the brain and is characterized by its specialized and laminated layer 4 in human and non-human primates. However, studies aiming to harmonize the definition of the cortical layers and borders of V1 across rodents and primates are very limited. This article attempts to identify and harmonize the molecular markers and connectional patterns that can consistently link corresponding cortical layers of V1 and borders across mammalian species and ages. V1 in primates has at least two additional and unique layers (L3b2 and L3c) and two sublayers of layer 4 (L4a and L4b) compared to rodent V1. In all species examined, layers 4 and 3b of V1 receive strong inputs from the (dorsal) lateral geniculate nucleus, and V1 is mostly surrounded by the secondary visual cortex except for one location where V1 directly abuts area prostriata. The borders of primate V1 can also be clearly identified at mid-gestational ages using gene markers. In rodents, a novel posteromedial extension of V1 is identified, which expresses V1 marker genes and receives strong inputs from the lateral geniculate nucleus. This V1 extension was labeled as the posterior retrosplenial cortex and medial secondary visual cortex in the literature and brain atlases. Layer 6 of the rodent and primate V1 originates corticothalamic projections to the lateral geniculate, lateral dorsal, and reticular thalamic nuclei and the lateroposterior-pulvinar complex with topographic organization. Finally, the direct geniculo-extrastriate (particularly the strong geniculo-prostriata) projections are probably major contributors to blindsight after V1 lesions. Taken together, compared to rodents, primates, and humans, V1 has at least two unique middle layers, while other layers are comparable across species and display conserved molecular markers and similar connections with the visual thalamus with only subtle differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Lin Ding
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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4
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Kapustina M, Zhang AA, Tsai JYJ, Bristow BN, Kraus L, Sullivan KE, Erwin SR, Wang L, Stach TR, Clements J, Lemire AL, Cembrowski MS. The cell-type-specific spatial organization of the anterior thalamic nuclei of the mouse brain. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113842. [PMID: 38427564 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cell-type composition and spatial organization of brain regions is crucial for interpreting brain computation and function. In the thalamus, the anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) are involved in a wide variety of functions, yet the cell-type composition of the ATN remains unmapped at a single-cell and spatial resolution. Combining single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and multiplexed fluorescent in situ hybridization, we identify three discrete excitatory cell-type clusters that correspond to the known nuclei of the ATN and uncover marker genes, molecular pathways, and putative functions of these cell types. We further illustrate graded spatial variation along the dorsomedial-ventrolateral axis for all individual nuclei of the ATN and additionally demonstrate that the anteroventral nucleus exhibits spatially covarying protein products and long-range inputs. Collectively, our study reveals discrete and continuous cell-type organizational principles of the ATN, which will help to guide and interpret experiments on ATN computation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Kapustina
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Angela A Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jennifer Y J Tsai
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Brianna N Bristow
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Larissa Kraus
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kaitlin E Sullivan
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sarah R Erwin
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lihua Wang
- Janelia Research Campus, HHMI, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Tara R Stach
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jody Clements
- Janelia Research Campus, HHMI, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Andrew L Lemire
- Janelia Research Campus, HHMI, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Mark S Cembrowski
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Janelia Research Campus, HHMI, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
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5
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Rosenblum EW, Williams EM, Champion SN, Frosch MP, Augustinack JC. The prosubiculum in the human hippocampus: A rostrocaudal, feature-driven, and systematic approach. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25604. [PMID: 38477395 PMCID: PMC11060218 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampal subfield prosubiculum (ProS), is a conserved neuroanatomic region in mouse, monkey, and human. This area lies between CA1 and subiculum (Sub) and particularly lacks consensus on its boundaries; reports have varied on the description of its features and location. In this report, we review, refine, and evaluate four cytoarchitectural features that differentiate ProS from its neighboring subfields: (1) small neurons, (2) lightly stained neurons, (3) superficial clustered neurons, and (4) a cell sparse zone. ProS was delineated in all cases (n = 10). ProS was examined for its cytoarchitectonic features and location rostrocaudally, from the anterior head through the body in the hippocampus. The most common feature was small pyramidal neurons, which were intermingled with larger pyramidal neurons in ProS. We quantitatively measured ProS pyramidal neurons, which showed (average, width at pyramidal base = 14.31 µm, n = 400 per subfield). CA1 neurons averaged 15.57 µm and Sub neurons averaged 15.63 µm, both were significantly different than ProS (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < .0001). The other three features observed were lightly stained neurons, clustered neurons, and a cell sparse zone. Taken together, these findings suggest that ProS is an independent subfield, likely with distinct functional contributions to the broader interconnected hippocampal network. Our results suggest that ProS is a cytoarchitecturally varied subfield, both for features and among individuals. This diverse architecture in features and individuals for ProS could explain the long-standing complexity regarding the identification of this subfield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma W Rosenblum
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily M Williams
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samantha N Champion
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean C Augustinack
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Rahimi S, Joyce L, Fenzl T, Drexel M. Crosstalk between the subiculum and sleep-wake regulation: A review. J Sleep Res 2024:e14134. [PMID: 38196146 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The circuitry underlying the initiation, maintenance, and coordination of wakefulness, rapid eye movement sleep, and non-rapid eye movement sleep is not thoroughly understood. Sleep is thought to arise due to decreased activity in the ascending reticular arousal system, which originates in the brainstem and awakens the thalamus and cortex during wakefulness. Despite the conventional association of sleep-wake states with hippocampal rhythms, the mutual influence of the hippocampal formation in regulating vigilance states has been largely neglected. Here, we focus on the subiculum, the main output region of the hippocampal formation. The subiculum, particulary the ventral part, sends extensive monosynaptic projections to crucial regions implicated in sleep-wake regulation, including the thalamus, lateral hypothalamus, tuberomammillary nucleus, basal forebrain, ventrolateral preoptic nucleus, ventrolateral tegmental area, and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Additionally, second-order projections from the subiculum are received by the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, locus coeruleus, and median raphe nucleus, suggesting the potential involvement of the subiculum in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle. We also discuss alterations in the subiculum observed in individuals with sleep disorders and in sleep-deprived mice, underscoring the significance of investigating neuronal communication between the subiculum and pathways promoting both sleep and wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Rahimi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Leesa Joyce
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Thomas Fenzl
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Meinrad Drexel
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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7
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Rahimi S, Salami P, Matulewicz P, Schmuck A, Bukovac A, Ramos-Prats A, Tasan RO, Drexel M. The role of subicular VIP-expressing interneurons on seizure dynamics in the intrahippocampal kainic acid model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Exp Neurol 2023; 370:114580. [PMID: 37884187 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The subiculum, a key output region of the hippocampus, is increasingly recognized as playing a crucial role in seizure initiation and spread. The subiculum consists of glutamatergic pyramidal cells, which show alterations in intrinsic excitability in the course of epilepsy, and multiple types of GABAergic interneurons, which exhibit varying characteristics in epilepsy. In this study, we aimed to assess the role of the vasoactive intestinal peptide interneurons (VIP-INs) of the ventral subiculum in the pathophysiology of temporal lobe epilepsy. We observed that an anatomically restricted inhibition of VIP-INs of the ventral subiculum was sufficient to reduce seizures in the intrahippocampal kainic acid model of epilepsy, changing the circadian rhythm of seizures, emphasizing the critical role of this small cell population in modulating TLE. As we expected, permanent unilateral or bilateral silencing of VIP-INs of the ventral subiculum in non-epileptic animals did not induce seizures or epileptiform activity. Interestingly, transient activation of VIP-INs of the ventral subiculum was enough to increase the frequency of seizures in the acute seizure model. Our results offer new perspectives on the crucial involvement of VIP-INs of the ventral subiculum in the pathophysiology of TLE. Given the observed predominant disinhibitory role of the VIP-INs input in subicular microcircuits, modifications of this input could be considered in the development of therapeutic strategies to improve seizure control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Rahimi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pariya Salami
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pawel Matulewicz
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Armin Schmuck
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anneliese Bukovac
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arnau Ramos-Prats
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ramon Osman Tasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Meinrad Drexel
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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8
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Ding SL. A novel subdivision of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis in monkey, rat, and mouse brains. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:2121-2145. [PMID: 36583448 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BST) is a critical structure that mediates sustained vigilant responses to contextual, diffuse, and unpredictable threats. Dysfunction of the BST could lead to excessive anxiety and hypervigilance, which are often observed in posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety disorders. Vigilance of potential future threats from the external environment is a basic brain function and probably requires rapid and/or short neural circuits, which enable both quick detection of the potential threats and fast adaptive responses. However, the BST in literature does not appear to receive spatial information directly from earlier visual or spatial processing structures. In this study, a novel subdivision of the BST is uncovered in monkey, rat, and mouse brains based on the human equivalent and is found in mouse to receive direct inputs from the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus and pretectal nucleus as well as from the spatial processing structures such as subiculum, presubiculum, and medial entorhinal cortex. This new subdivision, termed spindle-shaped small cell subdivision (BSTsc), is located between the known BST and the anterior thalamus. In addition to the unique afferent connections and cell morphology, the BSTsc also displays unique molecular signature (e.g., positive for excitatory markers) compared with other BST subdivisions, which are mostly composed of inhibitory GABAergic neurons. The BSTsc appears to have largely overlapping efferent projections with other BST subdivisions such as the projections to the amygdala, hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, septum, and brainstem. Together, the present study suggests that the BSTsc is poised to serve as a shortcut bridge directly linking spatial information from the environment to vigilant adaptive internal responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Lin Ding
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
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9
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de Melo MB, Daldegan-Bueno D, Favaro VM, Oliveira MGM. The subiculum role on learning and memory tasks using rats and mice: A scoping review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105460. [PMID: 37939978 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
This scoping review aimed to systematically identify and summarize data related to subiculum involvement in learning and memory behavioral tasks in rats and mice. Following a systematic strategy based on PICO and PRISMA guidelines, we searched five indexed databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and PsycInfo) using a standardized search strategy to identify peer-reviewed articles published in English (pre-registration: osf.io/hm5ea). We identified 31 articles investigating the role of the subiculum in spatial, working, and recognition memories (n = 11), memories related to addiction models (n = 9), aversive memories (n = 7), and memories related to appetitive learning (n = 5). We highlight a dissociation in the dorsoventral axis of the subiculum with many studies exploring the ventral subiculum (n = 21) but only a few exploring the dorsal one (n = 10). We also observe the necessity of more data including mice, female animals, genetic tools, and better statistical approaches for replication purposes and research refinement. These findings provide a broad framework of the subiculum involvement in learning and memory, showing essential questions that can be explored by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Braga de Melo
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dimitri Daldegan-Bueno
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vanessa Manchim Favaro
- Setor de Investigação de Doenças Neuromusculares, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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10
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Li J, Shyr Y, Liu Q. Single-cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Clustering with an Optimized Adaptive K-Nearest Neighbor Graph. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.13.562261. [PMID: 37905097 PMCID: PMC10614787 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.562261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics have been widely used to characterize cellular landscape in complex tissues. To understand cellular heterogeneity, one essential step is to define cell types through unsupervised clustering. While typical clustering methods have difficulty in identifying rare cell types, approaches specifically tailored to detect rare cell types gain their ability at the cost of poorer performance for grouping abundant ones. Here, we developed aKNNO, a method to identify abundant and rare cell types simultaneously based on an adaptive k-nearest neighbor graph with optimization. Benchmarked on 38 simulated and 20 single-cell and spatial transcriptomics datasets, aKNNO identified both abundant and rare cell types accurately. Without sacrificing performance for clustering abundant cell types, aKNNO discovered known and novel rare cell types that those typical and even specifically tailored methods failed to detect. aKNNO, using transcriptome alone, stereotyped fine-grained anatomical structures more precisely than those integrative approaches combining expression with spatial locations and histology image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Yu Shyr
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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11
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Lin X, Cyrus N, Avila B, Holmes TC, Xu X. Hippocampal CA3 inhibitory neurons receive extensive noncanonical synaptic inputs from CA1 and subicular complex. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:1333-1347. [PMID: 37312626 PMCID: PMC10525020 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal CA3 is traditionally conceptualized as a brain region within a unidirectional feedforward trisynaptic pathway that links major hippocampal subregions. Recent genomic and viral tracing studies indicate that the anatomical connectivity of CA3 and the trisynaptic pathway is more complex than initially expected and suggests that there may be cell type-specific input gradients throughout the three-dimensional hippocampal structure. In several recent studies using multiple viral tracing approaches, we describe subdivisions of the subiculum complex and ventral hippocampal CA1 that show significant back projections to CA1 and CA3 excitatory neurons. These novel connections form "noncanonical" circuits that run in the opposite direction relative to the well-characterized feedforward pathway. Diverse subtypes of GABAergic inhibitory neurons participate within the trisynaptic pathway. In the present study, we have applied monosynaptic retrograde viral tracing to examine noncanonical synaptic inputs from CA1 and subicular complex to the inhibitory neuron in hippocampal CA3. We quantitatively mapped synaptic inputs to CA3 inhibitory neurons to understand how they are connected within and beyond the hippocampus formation. Major brain regions that provide typical inputs to CA3 inhibitory neurons include the medial septum, the dentate gyrus, the entorhinal cortex, and CA3. Noncanonical inputs from ventral CA1 and subicular complex to CA3 inhibitory neurons follow a proximodistal topographic gradient with regard to CA3 subregions. We find novel noncanonical circuit connections between inhibitory CA3 neurons and ventral CA1, subiculum complex, and other brain regions. These results provide a new anatomical connectivity basis to further study the function of CA3 inhibitory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Lin
- Department Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Neeyaz Cyrus
- Department Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Brenda Avila
- Department Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Todd C. Holmes
- Department Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
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12
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Nelson ED, Maynard KR, Nicholas KR, Tran MN, Divecha HR, Collado-Torres L, Hicks SC, Martinowich K. Activity-regulated gene expression across cell types of the mouse hippocampus. Hippocampus 2023; 33:1009-1027. [PMID: 37226416 PMCID: PMC11129873 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Activity-regulated gene (ARG) expression patterns in the hippocampus (HPC) regulate synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory, and are linked to both risk and treatment responses for many neuropsychiatric disorders. The HPC contains discrete classes of neurons with specialized functions, but cell type-specific activity-regulated transcriptional programs are not well characterized. Here, we used single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) in a mouse model of acute electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) to identify cell type-specific molecular signatures associated with induced activity in HPC neurons. We used unsupervised clustering and a priori marker genes to computationally annotate 15,990 high-quality HPC neuronal nuclei from N = 4 mice across all major HPC subregions and neuron types. Activity-induced transcriptomic responses were divergent across neuron populations, with dentate granule cells being particularly responsive to activity. Differential expression analysis identified both upregulated and downregulated cell type-specific gene sets in neurons following ECS. Within these gene sets, we identified enrichment of pathways associated with varying biological processes such as synapse organization, cellular signaling, and transcriptional regulation. Finally, we used matrix factorization to reveal continuous gene expression patterns differentially associated with cell type, ECS, and biological processes. This work provides a rich resource for interrogating activity-regulated transcriptional responses in HPC neurons at single-nuclei resolution in the context of ECS, which can provide biological insight into the roles of defined neuronal subtypes in HPC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D. Nelson
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kristen R. Maynard
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kyndall R. Nicholas
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Matthew N Tran
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Heena R. Divecha
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Leonardo Collado-Torres
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stephanie C. Hicks
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Keri Martinowich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
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13
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Xiang XJ, Chen SQ, Zhang XQ, Chen CH, Zhang SY, Cai HR, Ding SL. Possible rodent equivalent of the posterior cingulate cortex (area 23) interconnects with multimodal cortical and subcortical regions. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1194299. [PMID: 37383104 PMCID: PMC10293749 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1194299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Posterior cingulate cortex (area 23, A23) in human and monkeys is a critical component of the default mode network and is involved in many diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, autism, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia. However, A23 has not yet identified in rodents, and this makes modeling related circuits and diseases in rodents very difficult. Using a comparative approach, molecular markers and unique connectional patterns this study has uncovered the location and extent of possible rodent equivalent (A23~) of the primate A23. A23 ~ but not adjoining areas in the rodents displays strong reciprocal connections with anteromedial thalamic nucleus. Rodent A23 ~ reciprocally connects with the medial pulvinar and claustrum as well as with anterior cingulate, granular retrosplenial, medial orbitofrontal, postrhinal, and visual and auditory association cortices. Rodent A23 ~ projects to dorsal striatum, ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, zona incerta, pretectal nucleus, superior colliculus, periaqueductal gray, and brainstem. All these findings support the versatility of A23 in the integration and modulation of multimodal sensory information underlying spatial processing, episodic memory, self-reflection, attention, value assessment and many adaptive behaviors. Additionally, this study also suggests that the rodents could be used to model monkey and human A23 in future structural, functional, pathological, and neuromodulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Xiang
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Qiang Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Qin Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shun-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ru Cai
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song-Lin Ding
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, United States
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14
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Sun Y, Zweifel LS, Holmes TC, Xu X. Whole-brain input mapping of the lateral versus medial anterodorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the mouse. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 23:100527. [PMID: 36861029 PMCID: PMC9969273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The anterior portion of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) modulates fear and stress responses. The anterodorsal BNST (adBNST) can be anatomically subdivided further into the lateral and medial divisions. Although output projections of BNST subregions have been studied, the local and global input connections to these subregions remain poorly understood. To further understand BNST-centered circuit operations, we have applied new viral-genetic tracing and functional circuit mapping to determine detailed synaptic circuit inputs to lateral and medial subregions of adBNST in the mouse. Monosynaptic canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV2) and rabies virus-based retrograde tracers were injected in the adBNST subregions. The amygdalar complex, hypothalamus and hippocampal formation account for the majority of overall inputs to adBNST. However, lateral versus medial adBNST subregions have distinct patterns of long-range cortical and limbic brain inputs. The lateral adBNST has more input connections from prefrontal (prelimbic, infralimbic, cingulate) and insular cortices, anterior thalamus and ectorhinal/perirhinal cortices. In contrast, the medial adBNST received biased inputs from the medial amygdala, lateral septum, hypothalamus nuclei and ventral subiculum. We confirmed long-range functional inputs from the amydalohippocampal area and basolateral amygdala to the adBNST using ChR2-assisted circuit mapping. Selected novel BNST inputs are also validated with the AAV axonal tracing data from the Allen Institute Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas. Together, these results provide a comprehensive map of the differential afferent inputs to lateral and medial adBNST subregions, and offer new insight into the functional operations of BNST circuitry for stress and anxiety-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-1275, USA
| | - Larry S. Zweifel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Todd C. Holmes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-4560, USA
- Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-1275, USA
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-1275, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2715, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2715, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3435, USA
- Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-1275, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-1275, USA.
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15
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Williams EM, Rosenblum EW, Pihlstrom N, Llamas-Rodríguez J, Champion S, Frosch MP, Augustinack JC. Pentad: A reproducible cytoarchitectonic protocol and its application to parcellation of the human hippocampus. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1114757. [PMID: 36843959 PMCID: PMC9947247 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1114757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The hippocampus is integral for learning and memory and is targeted by multiple diseases. Neuroimaging approaches frequently use hippocampal subfield volumes as a standard measure of neurodegeneration, thus making them an essential biomarker to study. Collectively, histologic parcellation studies contain various disagreements, discrepancies, and omissions. The present study aimed to advance the hippocampal subfield segmentation field by establishing the first histology based parcellation protocol, applied to n = 22 human hippocampal samples. Methods The protocol focuses on five cellular traits observed in the pyramidal layer of the human hippocampus. We coin this approach the pentad protocol. The traits were: chromophilia, neuron size, packing density, clustering, and collinearity. Subfields included were CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4, prosubiculum, subiculum, presubiculum, parasubiculum, as well as the medial (uncal) subfields Subu, CA1u, CA2u, CA3u, and CA4u. We also establish nine distinct anterior-posterior levels of the hippocampus in the coronal plane to document rostrocaudal differences. Results Applying the pentad protocol, we parcellated 13 subfields at nine levels in 22 samples. We found that CA1 had the smallest neurons, CA2 showed high neuronal clustering, and CA3 displayed the most collinear neurons of the CA fields. The border between presubiculum and subiculum was staircase shaped, and parasubiculum had larger neurons than presubiculum. We also demonstrate cytoarchitectural evidence that CA4 and prosubiculum exist as individual subfields. Discussion This protocol is comprehensive, regimented and supplies a high number of samples, hippocampal subfields, and anterior-posterior coronal levels. The pentad protocol utilizes the gold standard approach for the human hippocampus subfield parcellation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Williams
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emma W. Rosenblum
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicole Pihlstrom
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Josué Llamas-Rodríguez
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Samantha Champion
- Department of Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matthew P. Frosch
- Department of Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jean C. Augustinack
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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16
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Maliković J, Amrein I, Vinciguerra L, Lalošević D, Wolfer DP, Slomianka L. Cell numbers in the reflected blade of CA3 and their relation to other hippocampal principal cell populations across seven species. Front Neuroanat 2023; 16:1070035. [PMID: 36686574 PMCID: PMC9846821 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.1070035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus of many mammals contains a histoarchitectural region that is not present in laboratory mice and rats-the reflected blade of the CA3 pyramidal cell layer. Pyramidal cells of the reflected blade do not extend dendrites into the hippocampal molecular layer, and recent evidence indicates that they, like the proximal CA3 pyramids in laboratory rats and mice, partially integrate functionally with the dentate circuitry in pattern separation. Quantitative assessments of phylogenetic or disease-related changes in the hippocampal structure and function treat the reflected blade heterogeneously. Depending on the ease with which it can be differentiated, it is either assigned to the dentate hilus or to the remainder of CA3. Here, we investigate the impact that the differential assignment of reflected blade neurons may have on the outcomes of quantitative comparisons. We find it to be massive. If reflected blade neurons are treated as a separate entity or pooled with dentate hilar cells, the quantitative makeup of hippocampal cell populations can differentiate between species in a taxonomically sensible way. Assigning reflected blade neurons to CA3 greatly diminishes the differentiating power of all hippocampal principal cell populations, which may point towards a quantitative hippocampal archetype. A heterogeneous assignment results in a differentiation pattern with little taxonomic semblance. The outcomes point towards the reflected blade as either a major potential player in hippocampal functional and structural differentiation or a region that may have cloaked that hippocampi are more similarly organized across species than generally believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Maliković
- Division of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Irmgard Amrein
- Division of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - David P. Wolfer
- Division of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Slomianka
- Division of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Lutz Slomianka
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17
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Xing Y, Zan C, Liu L. Recent advances in understanding neuronal diversity and neural circuit complexity across different brain regions using single-cell sequencing. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1007755. [PMID: 37063385 PMCID: PMC10097998 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1007755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural circuits are characterized as interconnecting neuron networks connected by synapses. Some kinds of gene expression and/or functional changes of neurons and synaptic connections may result in aberrant neural circuits, which has been recognized as one crucial pathological mechanism for the onset of many neurological diseases. Gradual advances in single-cell sequencing approaches with strong technological advantages, as exemplified by high throughput and increased resolution for live cells, have enabled it to assist us in understanding neuronal diversity across diverse brain regions and further transformed our knowledge of cellular building blocks of neural circuits through revealing numerous molecular signatures. Currently published transcriptomic studies have elucidated various neuronal subpopulations as well as their distribution across prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and dorsal root ganglion, etc. Better characterization of brain region-specific circuits may shed light on new pathological mechanisms involved and assist in selecting potential targets for the prevention and treatment of specific neurological disorders based on their established roles. Given diverse neuronal populations across different brain regions, we aim to give a brief sketch of current progress in understanding neuronal diversity and neural circuit complexity according to their locations. With the special focus on the application of single-cell sequencing, we thereby summarize relevant region-specific findings. Considering the importance of spatial context and connectivity in neural circuits, we also discuss a few published results obtained by spatial transcriptomics. Taken together, these single-cell sequencing data may lay a mechanistic basis for functional identification of brain circuit components, which links their molecular signatures to anatomical regions, connectivity, morphology, and physiology. Furthermore, the comprehensive characterization of neuron subtypes, their distributions, and connectivity patterns via single-cell sequencing is critical for understanding neural circuit properties and how they generate region-dependent interactions in different context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xing
- Department of Neurology, Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Chunfang Zan
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Lu Liu
- Munich Medical Research School (MMRS), LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Lu Liu, ,
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18
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A circuit from the ventral subiculum to anterior hypothalamic nucleus GABAergic neurons essential for anxiety-like behavioral avoidance. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7464. [PMID: 36463200 PMCID: PMC9719513 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral observations suggest a connection between anxiety and predator defense, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Here we examine the role of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus (AHN), a node in the predator defense network, in anxiety-like behaviors. By in vivo recordings in male mice, we find that activity of AHN GABAergic (AHNVgat+) neurons shows individually stable increases when animals approach unfamiliar objects in an open field (OF) or when they explore the open-arm of an elevated plus-maze (EPM). Moreover, object-evoked AHN activity overlap with predator cue responses and correlate with the object and open-arm avoidance. Crucially, exploration-triggered optogenetic inhibition of AHNVgat+ neurons reduces object and open-arm avoidance. Furthermore, retrograde viral tracing identifies the ventral subiculum (vSub) of the hippocampal formation as a significant input to AHNVgat+ neurons in driving avoidance behaviors in anxiogenic situations. Thus, convergent activation of AHNVgat+ neurons serves as a shared mechanism between anxiety and predator defense to promote behavioral avoidance.
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19
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Viney TJ, Sarkany B, Ozdemir AT, Hartwich K, Schweimer J, Bannerman D, Somogyi P. Spread of pathological human Tau from neurons to oligodendrocytes and loss of high-firing pyramidal neurons in aging mice. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111646. [PMID: 36384116 PMCID: PMC9681663 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular aggregation of hyperphosphorylated Tau (pTau) in the brain is associated with cognitive and motor impairments, and ultimately neurodegeneration. We investigate how human pTau affects cells and network activity in the hippocampal formation of the THY-Tau22 tauopathy model mice in vivo. We find that pTau preferentially accumulates in deep-layer pyramidal neurons, leading to neurodegeneration, and we establish that pTau spreads to oligodendrocytes. During goal-directed virtual navigation in aged transgenic mice, we detect fewer high-firing prosubicular pyramidal cells, but the firing population retains its coupling to theta oscillations. Analysis of network oscillations and firing patterns of pyramidal and GABAergic neurons recorded in head-fixed and freely moving mice suggests preserved neuronal coordination. In spatial memory tests, transgenic mice have reduced short-term familiarity, but spatial working and reference memory are surprisingly normal. We hypothesize that unimpaired subcortical network mechanisms maintain cortical neuronal coordination, counteracting the widespread pTau aggregation, loss of high-firing cells, and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J Viney
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Barbara Sarkany
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - A Tugrul Ozdemir
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Katja Hartwich
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Judith Schweimer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - David Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Peter Somogyi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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20
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Zhang SY, Chen SQ, Zhang JY, Chen CH, Xiang XJ, Cai HR, Ding SL. The effects of bilateral prostriata lesions on spatial learning and memory in the rat. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1010321. [PMID: 36439966 PMCID: PMC9682012 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1010321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Area prostriata is the primary limbic structure for rapid response to the visual stimuli in the far peripheral visual field. Recent studies have revealed that the prostriata receives inputs not only from the visual and auditory cortices but also from many structures critical for spatial processing and navigation. To gain insight into the functions of the prostriata in spatial learning and memory the present study examines the effects of bilateral lesions of the prostriata on motor ability, exploratory interest and spatial learning and memory using the open field, elevated plus-maze and Morris water maze tests. Our results show that the spatial learning and memory abilities of the rats with bilateral prostriata lesions are significantly reduced compared to the control and sham groups. In addition, the lesion rats are found to be less interested in space exploration and more anxious while the exercise capacity of the rats is not affected based on the first two behavioral tests. These findings suggest that the prostriata plays important roles in spatial learning and memory and may be involved in anxiety as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Qiang Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ru Cai
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song-Lin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Song-Lin Ding,
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21
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Transcriptomic Studies of Antidepressant Action in Rodent Models of Depression: A First Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113543. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antidepressants (ADs) are, for now, the best everyday treatment we have for moderate to severe major depressive episodes (MDEs). ADs are among the most prescribed drugs in the Western Hemisphere; however, the trial-and-error prescription strategy and side-effects leave a lot to be desired. More than 60% of patients suffering from major depression fail to respond to the first AD they are prescribed. For those who respond, full response is only observed after several weeks of treatment. In addition, there are no biomarkers that could help with therapeutic decisions; meanwhile, this is already true in cancer and other fields of medicine. For years, many investigators have been working to decipher the underlying mechanisms of AD response. Here, we provide the first systematic review of animal models. We thoroughly searched all the studies involving rodents, profiling transcriptomic alterations consecutive to AD treatment in naïve animals or in animals subjected to stress-induced models of depression. We have been confronted by an important heterogeneity regarding the drugs and the experimental settings. Thus, we perform a meta-analysis of the AD signature of fluoxetine (FLX) in the hippocampus, the most studied target. Among genes and pathways consistently modulated across species, we identify both old players of AD action and novel transcriptional biomarker candidates that warrant further investigation. We discuss the most prominent transcripts (immediate early genes and activity-dependent synaptic plasticity pathways). We also stress the need for systematic studies of AD action in animal models that span across sex, peripheral and central tissues, and pharmacological classes.
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22
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Fei F, Wang X, Xu C, Shi J, Gong Y, Cheng H, Lai N, Ruan Y, Ding Y, Wang S, Chen Z, Wang Y. Discrete subicular circuits control generalization of hippocampal seizures. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5010. [PMID: 36008421 PMCID: PMC9411516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32742-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is considered a circuit-level dysfunction associated with imbalanced excitation-inhibition, it is therapeutically necessary to identify key brain regions and related circuits in epilepsy. The subiculum is an essential participant in epileptic seizures, but the circuit mechanism underlying its role remains largely elusive. Here we deconstruct the diversity of subicular circuits in a mouse model of epilepsy. We find that excitatory subicular pyramidal neurons heterogeneously control the generalization of hippocampal seizures by projecting to different downstream regions. Notably, anterior thalamus-projecting subicular neurons bidirectionally mediate seizures, while entorhinal cortex-projecting subicular neurons act oppositely in seizure modulation. These two subpopulations are structurally and functionally dissociable. An intrinsically enhanced hyperpolarization-activated current and robust bursting intensity in anterior thalamus-projecting neurons facilitate synaptic transmission, thus contributing to the generalization of hippocampal seizures. These results demonstrate that subicular circuits have diverse roles in epilepsy, suggesting the necessity to precisely target specific subicular circuits for effective treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fei
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cenglin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jiaying Shi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Gong
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heming Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nanxi Lai
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeping Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Ding
- Epilepsy Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Epilepsy Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China. .,Epilepsy Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China. .,Epilepsy Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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23
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Mizuseki K, Kitanishi T. Oscillation-coordinated, noise-resistant information distribution via the subiculum. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 75:102556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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24
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Urien L, Cohen S, Howard S, Yakimov A, Nordlicht R, Bauer EP. Aversive Contexts Reduce Activity in the Ventral Subiculum- BNST Pathway. Neuroscience 2022; 496:129-140. [PMID: 35724771 PMCID: PMC9329270 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Many anxiety disorders can be characterized by abnormalities in detecting and learning about threats, and the inability to reduce fear responses in non-threatening environments. PTSD may be the most representative of context processing pathology, as intrusive memories are experienced in "safe" contexts. The ventral subiculum (vSUB), the main output of the ventral hippocampus, encodes environmental cues and is critical for context processing. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) contributes to anxiety-like behaviors as well as context fear conditioning. Given the important roles of the BNST and the vSUB in these anxiety and fear-related behaviors, and the anatomical connections between the two brain regions, the major aims of this study were to characterize the anatomy and function of the vSUB-BNST pathway. First, using the retrograde tracer cholera toxin, we mapped the topographical arrangement of the vSUB-BNST pathway. Dual retrograde tracing experiments revealed neurons projecting to the BNST and those projecting to the basolateral amygdala are distinct populations. Second, we assessed whether activity in this pathway, as indexed by FOS immunohistochemistry, was modulated by context fear conditioning. Our data reveal less activation of the vSUB-BNST pathway in both males and females in aversive contexts and the greatest activation when animals explored a neutral familiar context. In addition, the vSUB of females contained fewer GABAergic neurons compared to males. These findings suggest that the vSUB-BNST pathway is involved in eliciting appropriate responses to contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Urien
- Departments of Biology and Neuroscience & Behavior, Barnard College of Columbia University, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Stacey Cohen
- Departments of Biology and Neuroscience & Behavior, Barnard College of Columbia University, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Sophia Howard
- Departments of Biology and Neuroscience & Behavior, Barnard College of Columbia University, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Alexandrina Yakimov
- Departments of Biology and Neuroscience & Behavior, Barnard College of Columbia University, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Rachel Nordlicht
- Departments of Biology and Neuroscience & Behavior, Barnard College of Columbia University, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Elizabeth P Bauer
- Departments of Biology and Neuroscience & Behavior, Barnard College of Columbia University, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, United States.
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25
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Chen SQ, Chen CH, Xiang XJ, Zhang SY, Ding SL. Chemoarchitecture of area prostriata in adult and developing mice: Comparison with presubiculum and parasubiculum. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2486-2517. [PMID: 35593198 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Retrosplenial area 29e, which was a cortical region described mostly in earlier rodent literature, is often included in the dorsal presubiculum (PrSd) or postsubiculum (PoS) in modern literature and commonly used brain atlases. Recent anatomical and molecular studies have revealed that retrosplenial area 29e belongs to the superficial layers of area prostriata, which in primates is found to be important in fast analysis of quickly moving objects in far peripheral visual field. As in primates, the prostriata in rodents adjoins area 29 (granular retrosplenial area), area 30 (agranular retrosplenial area), medial visual cortex, PrSd/PoS, parasubiculum (PaS), and postrhinal cortex (PoR). The present study aims to reveal the chemoarchitecture of the prostriata versus PrSd/PoS or PaS by means of a systematic survey of gene expression patterns in adult and developing mouse brains. First, we find many genes that display differential expression across the prostriata, PrSd/PoS, and PaS and that show obvious laminar expression patterns. Second, we reveal subsets of genes that selectively express in the dorsal or ventral parts of the prostriata, suggesting the existence of at least two subdivisions. Third, we detect some genes that shows differential expression in the prostriata of postnatal mouse brains from adjoining regions, thus enabling identification of the developing area prostriata. Fourth, gene expression difference of the prostriata from the medial primary visual cortex and PoR is also observed. Finally, molecular and connectional features of the prostriata in rodents and nonhuman primates are discussed and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shun-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song-Lin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
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26
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Berry SC, Lawrence AD, Lancaster TM, Casella C, Aggleton JP, Postans M. Subiculum - BNST Structural Connectivity in Humans and Macaques. Neuroimage 2022; 253:119096. [PMID: 35304264 PMCID: PMC9227740 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive tract-tracing studies in rodents implicate a direct connection between the subiculum and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) as a key component of neural pathways mediating hippocampal regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. A clear characterisation of the connections linking the subiculum and BNST in humans and non-human primates is lacking. To address this, we first delineated the projections from the subiculum to the BNST using anterograde tracers injected into macaque monkeys, revealing evidence for a monosynaptic subiculum-BNST projection involving the fornix. Second, we used in vivo diffusion MRI tractography in macaques and humans to demonstrate substantial subiculum complex connectivity to the BNST in both species. This connection was primarily carried by the fornix, with additional connectivity via the amygdala, consistent with rodent anatomy. Third, utilising the twin-based nature of our human sample, we found that microstructural properties of these tracts were moderately heritable (h2 ∼ 0.5). In a final analysis, we found no evidence of any significant association between subiculum complex-BNST tract microstructure and indices of perceived stress/dispositional negativity and alcohol use, derived from principal component analysis decomposition of self-report data. Our findings address a key translational gap in our knowledge of the neurocircuitry regulating stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Berry
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Andrew D Lawrence
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Chiara Casella
- Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - John P Aggleton
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mark Postans
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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27
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Schlecht M, Jayachandran M, Rasch GE, Allen TA. Dual projecting cells linking thalamic and cortical communication routes between the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 188:107586. [PMID: 35045320 PMCID: PMC8851867 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the hippocampus (HC) are critical for memory and decision making and have been specifically implicated in several neurological disorders including schizophrenia, epilepsy, frontotemporal dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. The ventral midline thalamus (vmThal), and lateral entorhinal cortex and perirhinal cortex (LEC/PER) constitute major communication pathways that facilitate mPFC-HC interactions in memory. Although vmThal and LEC/PER circuits have been delineated separately we sought to determine whether these two regions share cell-specific inputs that could influence both routes simultaneously. To do this we used a dual fluorescent retrograde tracing approach using cholera toxin subunit-B (CTB-488 and CTB-594) with injections targeting vmThal and the LEC/PER in rats. Retrograde cell body labeling was examined in key regions of interest within the mPFC-HC system including: (1) mPFC, specifically anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsal and ventral prelimbic cortex (dPL, vPL), and infralimbic cortex (IL); (2) medial and lateral septum (MS, LS); (3) subiculum (Sub) along the dorsal-ventral and proximal-distal axes; and (4) LEC and medial entorhinal cortex (MEC). Results showed that dual vmThal-LEC/PER-projecting cell populations are found in MS, vSub, and the shallow layers II/III of LEC and MEC. We did not find any dual projecting cells in mPFC or in the cornu ammonis (CA) subfields of the HC. Thus, mPFC and HC activity is sent to vmThal and LEC/PER via non-overlapping projection cell populations. Importantly, the dual projecting cell populations in MS, vSub, and EC are in a unique position to simultaneously influence both cortical and thalamic mPFC-HC pathways critical to memory. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The interactions between mPFC and HC are critical for learning and memory, and dysfunction within this circuit is implicated in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. mPFC-HC interactions are mediated through multiple communication pathways including a thalamic hub through the vmThal and a cortical hub through lateral entorhinal cortex and perirhinal cortex. Our data highlight newly identified dual projecting cell populations in the septum, Sub, and EC of the rat brain. These dual projecting cells may have the ability to modify the information flow within the mPFC-HC circuit through synchronous activity, and thus offer new cell-specific circuit targets for basic and translational studies in memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schlecht
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Maanasa Jayachandran
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Gabriela E Rasch
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Timothy A Allen
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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28
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Cheung V, Chung P, Bjorni M, Shvareva VA, Lopez YC, Feinberg EH. Virally encoded connectivity transgenic overlay RNA sequencing (VECTORseq) defines projection neurons involved in sensorimotor integration. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110131. [PMID: 34936877 PMCID: PMC8719358 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavior arises from concerted activity throughout the brain. Consequently, a major focus of modern neuroscience is defining the physiology and behavioral roles of projection neurons linking different brain areas. Single-cell RNA sequencing has facilitated these efforts by revealing molecular determinants of cellular physiology and markers that enable genetically targeted perturbations such as optogenetics, but existing methods for sequencing defined projection populations are low throughput, painstaking, and costly. We developed a straightforward, multiplexed approach, virally encoded connectivity transgenic overlay RNA sequencing (VECTORseq). VECTORseq repurposes commercial retrogradely infecting viruses typically used to express functional transgenes (e.g., recombinases and fluorescent proteins) by treating viral transgene mRNA as barcodes within single-cell datasets. VECTORseq is compatible with different viral families, resolves multiple populations with different projection targets in one sequencing run, and identifies cortical and subcortical excitatory and inhibitory projection populations. Our study provides a roadmap for high-throughput identification of neuronal subtypes based on connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Cheung
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Philip Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Max Bjorni
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Varvara A Shvareva
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yesenia C Lopez
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Evan H Feinberg
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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29
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Lin X, Amalraj M, Blanton C, Avila B, Holmes TC, Nitz DA, Xu X. Noncanonical projections to the hippocampal CA3 regulate spatial learning and memory by modulating the feedforward hippocampal trisynaptic pathway. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001127. [PMID: 34928938 PMCID: PMC8741299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal formation (HF) is well documented as having a feedforward, unidirectional circuit organization termed the trisynaptic pathway. This circuit organization exists along the septotemporal axis of the HF, but the circuit connectivity across septal to temporal regions is less well described. The emergence of viral genetic mapping techniques enhances our ability to determine the detailed complexity of HF circuitry. In earlier work, we mapped a subiculum (SUB) back projection to CA1 prompted by the discovery of theta wave back propagation from the SUB to CA1 and CA3. We reason that this circuitry may represent multiple extended noncanonical pathways involving the subicular complex and hippocampal subregions CA1 and CA3. In the present study, multiple retrograde viral tracing approaches produced robust mapping results, which supports this prediction. We find significant noncanonical synaptic inputs to dorsal hippocampal CA3 from ventral CA1 (vCA1), perirhinal cortex (Prh), and the subicular complex. Thus, CA1 inputs to CA3 run opposite the trisynaptic pathway and in a temporal to septal direction. Our retrograde viral tracing results are confirmed by anterograde-directed viral mapping of projections from input mapped regions to hippocampal dorsal CA3 (dCA3). We find that genetic inactivation of the projection of vCA1 to dCA3 impairs object-related spatial learning and memory but does not modulate anxiety-related behaviors. Our data provide a circuit foundation to explore novel functional roles contributed by these noncanonical hippocampal circuit connections to hippocampal circuit dynamics and learning and memory behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Lin
- Department Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Michelle Amalraj
- Department Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Crisylle Blanton
- Department Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Brenda Avila
- Department Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Todd C. Holmes
- Department Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Douglas A. Nitz
- The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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30
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Chen CH, Hu JM, Zhang SY, Xiang XJ, Chen SQ, Ding SL. Rodent Area Prostriata Converges Multimodal Hierarchical Inputs and Projects to the Structures Important for Visuomotor Behaviors. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:772016. [PMID: 34795559 PMCID: PMC8594778 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.772016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Area prostriata is a limbic structure critical to fast processing of moving stimuli in far peripheral visual field. Neural substrates underlying this function remain to be discovered. Using both retrograde and anterograde tracing methods, the present study reveals that the prostriata in rat and mouse receives inputs from multimodal hierarchical cortical areas such as primary, secondary, and association visual and auditory cortices and subcortical regions such as the anterior and midline thalamic nuclei and claustrum. Surprisingly, the prostriata also receives strong afferents directly from the rostral part of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. This shortcut pathway probably serves as one of the shortest circuits for fast processing of the peripheral vision and unconscious blindsight since it bypasses the primary visual cortex. The outputs of the prostriata mainly target the presubiculum (including postsubiculum), pulvinar, ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus, and zona incerta as well as the pontine and pretectal nuclei, most of which are heavily involved in subcortical visuomotor functions. Taken together, these results suggest that the prostriata is poised to quickly receive and analyze peripheral visual and other related information and timely initiates and modulates adaptive visuomotor behaviors, particularly in response to unexpected quickly looming threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Meng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shun-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song-Lin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, United States
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31
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Carollia perspicillata: A Small Bat with Tremendous Translational Potential for Studies of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101454. [PMID: 34680571 PMCID: PMC8533637 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As the average human lifespan lengthens, the impact of neurodegenerative disease increases, both on the individual suffering neurodegeneration and on the community that supports those individuals. Studies aimed at understanding the mechanisms of neurodegeneration have relied heavily on observational studies of humans and experimental studies in animals, such as mice, in which aspects of brain structure and function can be manipulated to target mechanistic steps. An animal model whose brain is structurally closer to the human brain, that lives much longer than rodents, and whose husbandry is practical may be valuable for mechanistic studies that cannot readily be conducted in rodents. To demonstrate that the long-lived Seba’s short-tailed fruit bat, Carollia perspicillata, may fit this role, we used immunohistochemical labeling for NeuN and three calcium-binding proteins, calretinin, parvalbumin, and calbindin, to define hippocampal formation anatomy. Our findings demonstrate patterns of principal neuron organization that resemble primate and human hippocampal formation and patterns of calcium-binding protein distribution that help to define subregional boundaries. Importantly, we present evidence for a clear prosubiculum in the bat brain that resembles primate prosubiculum. Based on the similarities between bat and human hippocampal formation anatomy, we suggest that Carollia has unique advantages for the study of brain aging and neurodegeneration. A captive colony of Carollia allows age tracking, diet and environment control, pharmacological manipulation, and access to behavioral, physiological, anatomical, and molecular evaluation.
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32
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Ding SL, Royall JJ, Lesnar P, Facer BAC, Smith KA, Wei Y, Brouner K, Dalley RA, Dee N, Dolbeare TA, Ebbert A, Glass IA, Keller NH, Lee F, Lemon TA, Nyhus J, Pendergraft J, Reid R, Sarreal M, Shapovalova NV, Szafer A, Phillips JW, Sunkin SM, Hohmann JG, Jones AR, Hawrylycz MJ, Hof PR, Ng L, Bernard A, Lein ES. Cellular resolution anatomical and molecular atlases for prenatal human brains. J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:6-503. [PMID: 34525221 PMCID: PMC8716522 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing interest in studies of prenatal human brain development, particularly using new single‐cell genomics and anatomical technologies to create cell atlases, creates a strong need for accurate and detailed anatomical reference atlases. In this study, we present two cellular‐resolution digital anatomical atlases for prenatal human brain at postconceptional weeks (PCW) 15 and 21. Both atlases were annotated on sequential Nissl‐stained sections covering brain‐wide structures on the basis of combined analysis of cytoarchitecture, acetylcholinesterase staining, and an extensive marker gene expression dataset. This high information content dataset allowed reliable and accurate demarcation of developing cortical and subcortical structures and their subdivisions. Furthermore, using the anatomical atlases as a guide, spatial expression of 37 and 5 genes from the brains, respectively, at PCW 15 and 21 was annotated, illustrating reliable marker genes for many developing brain structures. Finally, the present study uncovered several novel developmental features, such as the lack of an outer subventricular zone in the hippocampal formation and entorhinal cortex, and the apparent extension of both cortical (excitatory) and subcortical (inhibitory) progenitors into the prenatal olfactory bulb. These comprehensive atlases provide useful tools for visualization, segmentation, targeting, imaging, and interpretation of brain structures of prenatal human brain, and for guiding and interpreting the next generation of cell census and connectome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Lin Ding
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | | | - Phil Lesnar
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | | | | | - Yina Wei
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | | | - Amanda Ebbert
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Ian A Glass
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98105
| | - Nika H Keller
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Felix Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Tracy A Lemon
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Julie Nyhus
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | | | - Robert Reid
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | | | | | - Aaron Szafer
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | | | | | | | - Allan R Jones
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | | | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 11029
| | - Lydia Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Amy Bernard
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Ed S Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109
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33
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Beerens S, Vroman R, Webster JF, Wozny C. Probing subicular inputs to the medial prefrontal cortex. iScience 2021; 24:102856. [PMID: 34381980 PMCID: PMC8333156 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal formation is anatomically and functionally divided into a dorsal and a ventral part, being involved in processing cognitive tasks and emotional stimuli, respectively. The ventral subiculum as part of the hippocampal formation projects to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), but only very little is known about connections arising from the dorsal SUB (dSUB). Here, we investigate the dSUB to mPFC connectivity in acute brain slices using electrophysiology and optogenetics. We show that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is the main target of dorsal subicular projections to the mPFC, with no preference between excitatory or inhibitory neurons. In addition to superficial neurons in the ACC, the prelimbic and infralimbic PFC are also targeted by subicular fibers. Thus, these novel region- and layer-specific connections between the dSUB and the prefrontal cortices challenge existing anatomical data and refine the hippocampocortical wiring diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Beerens
- Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rozan Vroman
- Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jack F. Webster
- Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christian Wozny
- Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- MSH Medical School Hamburg, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
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34
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Yao Z, van Velthoven CTJ, Nguyen TN, Goldy J, Sedeno-Cortes AE, Baftizadeh F, Bertagnolli D, Casper T, Chiang M, Crichton K, Ding SL, Fong O, Garren E, Glandon A, Gouwens NW, Gray J, Graybuck LT, Hawrylycz MJ, Hirschstein D, Kroll M, Lathia K, Lee C, Levi B, McMillen D, Mok S, Pham T, Ren Q, Rimorin C, Shapovalova N, Sulc J, Sunkin SM, Tieu M, Torkelson A, Tung H, Ward K, Dee N, Smith KA, Tasic B, Zeng H. A taxonomy of transcriptomic cell types across the isocortex and hippocampal formation. Cell 2021; 184:3222-3241.e26. [PMID: 34004146 PMCID: PMC8195859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The isocortex and hippocampal formation (HPF) in the mammalian brain play critical roles in perception, cognition, emotion, and learning. We profiled ∼1.3 million cells covering the entire adult mouse isocortex and HPF and derived a transcriptomic cell-type taxonomy revealing a comprehensive repertoire of glutamatergic and GABAergic neuron types. Contrary to the traditional view of HPF as having a simpler cellular organization, we discover a complete set of glutamatergic types in HPF homologous to all major subclasses found in the six-layered isocortex, suggesting that HPF and the isocortex share a common circuit organization. We also identify large-scale continuous and graded variations of cell types along isocortical depth, across the isocortical sheet, and in multiple dimensions in hippocampus and subiculum. Overall, our study establishes a molecular architecture of the mammalian isocortex and hippocampal formation and begins to shed light on its underlying relationship with the development, evolution, connectivity, and function of these two brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Jeff Goldy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tamara Casper
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Megan Chiang
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Song-Lin Ding
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Olivia Fong
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Emma Garren
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - James Gray
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matthew Kroll
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kanan Lathia
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Changkyu Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Boaz Levi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Stephanie Mok
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Thanh Pham
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Qingzhong Ren
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Josef Sulc
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Susan M Sunkin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Michael Tieu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Amy Torkelson
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Herman Tung
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Katelyn Ward
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Bosiljka Tasic
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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35
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Chadney OMT, Blankvoort S, Grimstvedt JS, Utz A, Kentros CG. Multiplexing viral approaches to the study of the neuronal circuits. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 357:109142. [PMID: 33753126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neural circuits are composed of multitudes of elaborately interconnected cell types. Understanding neural circuit function requires not only cell-specific knowledge of connectivity, but the ability to record and manipulate distinct cell types independently. Recent advances in viral vectors promise the requisite specificity to perform true "circuit-breaking" experiments. However, such new avenues of multiplexed, cell-specific investigation raise new technical issues: one must ensure that both the viral vectors and their transgene payloads do not overlap with each other in both an anatomical and a functional sense. This review describes benefits and issues regarding the use of viral vectors to analyse the function of neural circuits and provides a resource for the design and implementation of such multiplexing experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M T Chadney
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Stefan Blankvoort
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Joachim S Grimstvedt
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Annika Utz
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Clifford G Kentros
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
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36
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Fei F, Wang X, Wang Y, Chen Z. Dissecting the role of subiculum in epilepsy: Research update and translational potential. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 201:102029. [PMID: 33636224 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The subiculum serves as the strategic core output of the hippocampus, through which neural activity exits the hippocampal proper and targets the entorhinal cortex and other more distant subcortical and cortical areas. The past decade has witnessed a growing interest in the subiculum, owing to discoveries revealing its critical role in regulating many physiological and pathophysiological processes. Notably, accumulating evidence from both clinical and experimental studies suggests that the subiculum plays a vital role in seizure initiation and propagation, in epilepsy. In this review, we briefly describe the structure and connectivity of the subiculum and then summarize the molecular and cellular mechanisms in the subiculum underlying the epileptic brain, in both epilepsy patients and animal models. Next, we review some translational approaches targeting the malfunctioned subiculum to treat epilepsy. Finally, we pose open questions for future research in the subiculum and their clinical translation challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fei
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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37
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Poulter S, Lee SA, Dachtler J, Wills TJ, Lever C. Vector trace cells in the subiculum of the hippocampal formation. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:266-275. [PMID: 33349710 PMCID: PMC7116739 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-00761-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Successfully navigating in physical or semantic space requires a neural representation of allocentric (map-based) vectors to boundaries, objects and goals. Cognitive processes such as path-planning and imagination entail the recall of vector representations, but evidence of neuron-level memory for allocentric vectors has been lacking. Here, we describe a novel neuron type, vector trace cell (VTC), whose firing generates a new vector field when a cue is encountered and a 'trace' version of that field for hours after cue removal. VTCs are concentrated in subiculum, distal to CA1. Compared to non-trace cells, VTCs fire at further distances from cues and exhibit earlier-going shifts in preferred theta phase in response to newly introduced cues, which demonstrates a theta-linked neural substrate for memory encoding. VTCs suggest a vector-based model of computing spatial relationships between an agent and multiple spatial objects, or between different objects, freed from the constraints of direct perception of those objects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang Ah Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Thomas J Wills
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, London, UK.
| | - Colin Lever
- Psychology Department, Durham University, Durham, UK.
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38
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Umaba R, Kitanishi T, Mizuseki K. Monosynaptic connection from the subiculum to medial mammillary nucleus neurons projecting to the anterior thalamus and Gudden's ventral tegmental nucleus. Neurosci Res 2021; 171:1-8. [PMID: 33476683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
As a major hippocampal output structure, the subiculum projects to diverse cortical and subcortical areas, and its projection to the medial mammillary nucleus (MM) has been implicated in memory. Major efferent targets of the MM are the anteroventral and anteromedial thalamic nuclei and Gudden's ventral tegmental nucleus. These projections may play a key role in distributing subicular information. However, it remains unknown whether neurons in the MM that receive monosynaptic input from the subiculum project to these target regions. We addressed this issue with anterograde transsynaptic tracing mediated using adeno-associated virus serotype 1 (AAV1). Injection of AAV1-Cre and a Cre-dependent AAV encoding enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) into the rat dorsal subiculum and MM, respectively, labeled the soma of the MM and axons in the anteroventral / anteromedial thalamic nuclei and Gudden's ventral tegmental nucleus with EYFP. The EYFP-positive neurons in the MM were immunoreactive for glutamate and leu-enkephalin and received perisomatic GABAergic inputs. These results revealed monosynaptic projections from the subiculum to MM neurons projecting to the anteroventral / anteromedial thalamic nuclei and Gudden's ventral tegmental nucleus. This monosynaptic connection may support a fast and robust signal flow through the hippocampal-mammillothalamic and hippocampal-mammillotegmental pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Umaba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takuma Kitanishi
- Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Kenji Mizuseki
- Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
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39
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Chen CH, Hu JM, Chen SQ, Liu SM, Ding SL. Homotopic Commissural Projections of Area Prostriata in Rat and Mouse: Comparison With Presubiculum and Parasubiculum. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:605332. [PMID: 33324173 PMCID: PMC7724997 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.605332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Area prostriata in primates has recently been found to play important roles in rapid detection and processing of peripheral visual, especially fast-moving visual information. The prostriata in rodents was not discovered until recently and its connectivity is largely unknown. As a part of our efforts to reveal brain-wide connections of the prostriata in rat and mouse, this study focuses on its commissural projections in order to understand the mechanisms underlying interhemispheric integration of information, especially from peripheral visual field. Using anterograde, retrograde and Cre-dependent tracing techniques, we find a unique commissural connection pattern of the prostriata: its layers 2-3 in both hemispheres form strong homotopic commissural connections with few heterotopic projections to bilateral medial entorhinal cortex. This projection pattern is in sharp contrast to that of the presubiculum and parasubiculum, two neighbor regions of the prostriata. The latter two structures project very strongly to bilateral medial entorhinal cortex and to their contralateral counterparts. Our results also suggest the prostriata is a distinct anatomical structure from the presubiculum and parasubiculum and probably plays differential roles in interhemispheric integration and the balancing of spatial information between two hemispheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Meng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song-Lin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, United States
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40
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Hu JM, Chen CH, Chen SQ, Ding SL. Afferent Projections to Area Prostriata of the Mouse. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:605021. [PMID: 33328909 PMCID: PMC7728849 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.605021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Area prostriata plays important roles in fast detection and analysis of peripheral visual information. It remains unclear whether the prostriata directly receives and integrates information from other modalities. To gain insight into this issue, we investigated brain-wide afferent projections to mouse prostriata. We find convergent projections to layer 1 of the prostriata from primary and association visual and auditory cortices; retrosplenial, lateral entorhinal, and anterior cingulate cortices; subiculum; presubiculum; and anterior thalamic nuclei. Innervation of layers 2-3 of the prostriata mainly originates from the presubiculum (including postsubiculum) and anterior midline thalamic region. Layer 5 of the prostriata mainly receives its inputs from medial entorhinal, granular retrosplenial, and medial orbitofrontal cortices and anteromedial thalamic nucleus while layer 6 gets its major inputs from ectorhinal, postrhinal, and agranular retrosplenial cortices. The claustrum, locus coeruleus, and basal forebrain provide relatively diffuse innervation to the prostriata. Moreover, Cre-dependent tracing in cortical areas reveals that the cells of origin of the prostriata inputs are located in layers 2-4 and 5 of the neocortical areas, layers 2 and 5 of the medial entorhinal cortex, and layer 5 of the retrosplenial cortex. These results indicate that the prostriata is a unique region where primary and association visual and auditory inputs directly integrate with many limbic inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Meng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song-Lin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, United States
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41
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Winnubst J, Spruston N, Harris JA. Linking axon morphology to gene expression: a strategy for neuronal cell-type classification. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 65:70-76. [PMID: 33181399 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To study how the brain drives cognition and behavior we need to understand its cellular composition. Advances in single-cell transcriptomics have revolutionized our ability to characterize neuronal diversity. To arrive at meaningful descriptions of cell types, however, gene expression must be linked to structural and functional properties. Axonal projection patterns are an appropriate measure, as they are diverse, change only gradually over time, and they influence and constrain circuit function. Here, we consider how efforts to map transcriptional and morphological diversity in the mouse brain could be linked to generate a modern taxonomy of the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Winnubst
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Nelson Spruston
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Julie A Harris
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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42
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Wang Q, Ding SL, Li Y, Royall J, Feng D, Lesnar P, Graddis N, Naeemi M, Facer B, Ho A, Dolbeare T, Blanchard B, Dee N, Wakeman W, Hirokawa KE, Szafer A, Sunkin SM, Oh SW, Bernard A, Phillips JW, Hawrylycz M, Koch C, Zeng H, Harris JA, Ng L. The Allen Mouse Brain Common Coordinate Framework: A 3D Reference Atlas. Cell 2020; 181:936-953.e20. [PMID: 32386544 PMCID: PMC8152789 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent large-scale collaborations are generating major surveys of cell types and connections in the mouse brain, collecting large amounts of data across modalities, spatial scales, and brain areas. Successful integration of these data requires a standard 3D reference atlas. Here, we present the Allen Mouse Brain Common Coordinate Framework (CCFv3) as such a resource. We constructed an average template brain at 10 μm voxel resolution by interpolating high resolution in-plane serial two-photon tomography images with 100 μm z-sampling from 1,675 young adult C57BL/6J mice. Then, using multimodal reference data, we parcellated the entire brain directly in 3D, labeling every voxel with a brain structure spanning 43 isocortical areas and their layers, 329 subcortical gray matter structures, 81 fiber tracts, and 8 ventricular structures. CCFv3 can be used to analyze, visualize, and integrate multimodal and multiscale datasets in 3D and is openly accessible (https://atlas.brain-map.org/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxin Wang
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Song-Lin Ding
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Josh Royall
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David Feng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Phil Lesnar
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nile Graddis
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Maitham Naeemi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Benjamin Facer
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anh Ho
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tim Dolbeare
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Wayne Wakeman
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Aaron Szafer
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Susan M Sunkin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Seung Wook Oh
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Amy Bernard
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Julie A Harris
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Lydia Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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