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Chen H, McKenna AM, Niles SF, Frye JW, Glattke TJ, Rodgers RP. Time-dependent molecular progression and acute toxicity of oil-soluble, interfacially-active, and water-soluble species reveals their rapid formation in the photodegradation of Macondo Well Oil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:151884. [PMID: 34838916 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photodegradation is a significant weathering process that transforms spilled oil, yet, the fate, degradation rate, and molecular transformations that occur through photoinduced pathways remain relatively unknown. The molecular complexity combined with the increased polarity of photoproducts challenges conventional analytical techniques. Here, we catalogue the molecular progression of photochemical transformation products of Macondo Well Oil by negative-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). We track the molecular compositions of oil-soluble, interfacially-active, and water-soluble oil species formed at varying time intervals in photomicrocosm experiments. Short photoirradiation periods (<24 h), not previously reported, are included to reveal rapid photooxidation of native oil components. Surface oil films exposed to solar irradiation were shown to increasingly contribute to the dissolved organic carbon pool as a function of increased irradiation time. FT-ICR MS analysis of acidic species of each fraction identifies tens of thousands of oil-soluble, interfacially-active, and water-soluble phototransformation products, including Ox, NOx, and SOx species. Oil-soluble species incorporate oxygen as a function of irradiation periods. After 96 h of irradiation, ~14 wt% of the photooxidized oil film was interfacially active and contained phototransformed species with up to 12 oxygen atoms per molecule. Water-soluble species correspond to highly oxygenated compounds. Importantly, photochemical oxidation is shown to occur within the first hour. Beyond 24 h, photoproducts remain compositionally similar, highlighting the rapid effect of photodegradation to transform oil species into water-soluble compounds. Molecular fingerprints provided by FT-ICR MS highlight the oxygen dependence on oil/water solubility. Microtox® analysis indicates that the toxicity of water-soluble photoproducts rapidly increases at early irradiation time points (first 24 h) compared to the dark control and reaches a maximum at 6 h of irradiation. Results highlight the temporal, molecular progression of photoproducts as they partition from oil-soluble to oil-soluble interfacially-active, and finally to water-soluble species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
| | - Amy M McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, 1170 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Sydney F Niles
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Joseph W Frye
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Taylor J Glattke
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Ryan P Rodgers
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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Sönmez VZ, Sivri N. Temporal changes in water quality index of polluted lagoon ecosystems: a case study on the Küçükçekmece Lagoon. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 194:16. [PMID: 34881396 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For lagoon ecosystems, it is crucial to conduct long-term monitoring of the water quality parameters and predict their potential effects. This study aimed to analyse the changes in the water quality index (WQI) profile of the Küçükçekmece Lagoon in Istanbul, Turkey, which has been facing ecological problems, and determine the increased stress in aquatic biota due to different pollutants. To begin, the sampling data were obtained from the Küçükçekmece Lagoon throughout a 13-month period in 2018-2019. The estimated WQI values were compared to studies conducted in the same study area within the last 20 years. Then, the relationship between the acute toxicity of surface waters, which is the recommended parameter for analyses in this field, and the WQI was determined. Although the water class has generally been defined as 'good quality' (WQI = 86), the study found it to be 'very poor quality' (WQI = 112 and 97, respectively) with bloom events and toxicity effects in spring and autumn. When compared with the WQIs calculated from the last 20 years, a significant improvement in water quality at station L1 (decreased from WQI = 288 to WQI = 161) and a deterioration at station L2 (increased from WQI = 71 to WQI = 100) were observed. The acute toxicity and water quality classes were highly positively correlated (r = 0.773; p < 0.01). The method, used for the first time in this area, was able to interpret the acute toxicity of lagoon surface waters and WQI data. Furthermore, the use of this method was recommended for rapid analysis of the increased stress in aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Zülal Sönmez
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nüket Sivri
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Johann S, Goßen M, Mueller L, Selja V, Gustavson K, Fritt-Rasmussen J, Wegeberg S, Ciesielski TM, Jenssen BM, Hollert H, Seiler TB. Comparative toxicity assessment of in situ burn residues to initial and dispersed heavy fuel oil using zebrafish embryos as test organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:16198-16213. [PMID: 33269444 PMCID: PMC7969557 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
In situ burning (ISB) is discussed to be one of the most suitable response strategies to combat oil spills in extreme conditions. After burning, a highly viscous and sticky residue is left and may over time pose a risk of exposing aquatic biota to toxic oil compounds. Scientific information about the impact of burn residues on the environment is scarce. In this context, a comprehensive ISB field experiment with approx. 1000L IFO 180 was conducted in a fjord in Greenland. The present study investigated the toxicity of collected ISB residues to early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model for potentially exposed pelagic organisms. The toxicity of ISB residues on zebrafish embryos was compared with the toxicity of the initial (unweathered) IFO 180 and chemically dispersed IFO 180. Morphological malformations, hatching success, swimming behavior, and biomarkers for exposure (CYP1A activity, AChE inhibition) were evaluated in order to cover the toxic response on different biological organization levels. Across all endpoints, ISB residues did not induce greater toxicity in zebrafish embryos compared with the initial oil. The application of a chemical dispersant increased the acute toxicity most likely due to a higher bioavailability of dissolved and particulate oil components. The results provide insight into the adverse effects of ISB residues on sensitive life stages of fish in comparison with chemical dispersant application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Johann
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Mira Goßen
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Leonie Mueller
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Valentina Selja
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kim Gustavson
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Janne Fritt-Rasmussen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Susse Wegeberg
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Bjørn Munro Jenssen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Ruhr District Institute of Hygiene, Rotthauser Straße 21, 45879, Gelsenkirchen, Germany.
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Nascimento MKS, Loureiro S, Souza MRDR, Alexandre MDR, Nilin J. Toxicity of a mixture of monoaromatic hydrocarbons (BTX) to a tropical marine microcrustacean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 156:111272. [PMID: 32510411 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the toxicity of benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX), isolated and in binary mixtures to Mysidopsis juniae. The organisms were exposed to BTX, and combined effect patterns were predicted by applying the theoretical models of Concentration Addition and Independent Action. According to the LC50 of the isolated compounds, xylene (16.1 ± 2.4 mg L-1) was considered the most toxic, followed by toluene (38.0 ± 5.3 mg L-1) and, lastly, benzene (78.0 ± 2.9 mg L-1). The binary combinations showed deviations from additivity, with exposure to the xylene-benzene mixture presenting as antagonistic, while the xylene-toluene and toluene-benzene mixtures were better explained by a dose ratio deviation, with toluene being responsible for the antagonistic pattern. This study provides new insights into toxicity prediction of a BTX mixture, which adds value to the risk assessment procedure over evaluation of chemical hazards on a case-by-case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meggie Karoline Silva Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/n, CEP 49100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Susana Loureiro
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Michel Rubens Dos Reis Souza
- Graduate Program in Industrial Biotechnology, Tiradentes University, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300 - Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marcelo da Rosa Alexandre
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/n, CEP 49100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/n, CEP 49100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jeamylle Nilin
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/n, CEP 49100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil; Biology Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Ceará, s/n Bloco D sala 28, 38405-302 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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5
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Faksness LG, Altin D, Størseth TR, Nordtug T, Hansen BH. Comparison of artificially weathered Macondo oil with field samples and evidence that weathering does not increase environmental acute toxicity. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 157:104928. [PMID: 32275510 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Macondo source oils and artificially weathered oil residues from 150 °C+ to 300 °C+, including artificially photo oxidized oils, were prepared and used for generating low energy water accommodated fractions (LE-WAFs) in order to assess the impact of oil weathering on WAF chemistry composition and toxicity to marine organisms. Two pelagic species representing primary producers (the marine algae Skeletonema pseudocostatum) and invertebrates (the marine copepod Acartia tonsa) were tested. Obtained acute toxicity levels, expressed as EC/LC50 values, were in the same range or above the obtained maximum WAF concentrations for WAFs from most weathering degrees. Based on % WAF dilutions, reduced toxicity was determined as a function of weathering. The chemical compositions of all WAFs were compared to compositions obtained from water samples reported in the GRIIDC database using multivariate analysis, indicating that WAFs of photo oxidized and two field weathered oils resembled the field data the most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv-Guri Faksness
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Environment and New Resources, NO-7465, Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | - Trond R Størseth
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Environment and New Resources, NO-7465, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trond Nordtug
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Environment and New Resources, NO-7465, Trondheim, Norway
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Colvin KA, Lewis C, Galloway TS. Current issues confounding the rapid toxicological assessment of oil spills. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125585. [PMID: 31855760 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills of varying magnitude occur every year, each presenting a unique challenge to the local ecosystem. The complex, changeable nature of oil makes standardised risk assessment difficult. Our review of the state of science regarding oil's unique complexity; biological impact of oil spills and use of rapid assessment tools, including commercial toxicity kits and bioassays, allows us to explore the current issues preventing effective, rapid risk assessment of oils. We found that despite the advantages to monitoring programmes of using well validated standardised tests, which investigate impacts across trophic levels at environmentally relevant concentrations, only a small percentage of the available tests are specialised for use within the marine environment, or validated for the assessment of crude oil toxicity. We discuss the use of rapid tests at low trophic levels in addition to relevant sublethal toxicity assays to allow the characterisation of oil, dispersant and oil and dispersant mixture toxicity. We identify novel, passive dosing techniques as a practical and reproducible means of improving the accuracy and maintenance of nominal concentrations. Future work should explore the possibility of linking this tiered testing system with ecosystem models to allow the prediction and risk assessment of the entire ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Colvin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Ceri Lewis
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Tamara S Galloway
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
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7
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Johann S, Nüßer L, Goßen M, Hollert H, Seiler TB. Differences in biomarker and behavioral responses to native and chemically dispersed crude and refined fossil oils in zebrafish early life stages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:136174. [PMID: 31884285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum products including crude oils and refined distillates are unique environmental pollutants consisting of thousands of compounds with varying physical-chemical properties and resulting toxicity for aquatic biota. Hence, for a reliable risk assessment individual petroleum product toxicity profiles are needed. Furthermore, the influence of oil spill response strategies like the application of chemical dispersants has to be implemented. The present study addressed the toxicity of water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of two different oil types on fish early life stages on different biological organization levels in the laboratory model species Danio rerio. Experiments with a 3rd generation dispersant used in loading rated resembling the exposure in experiments with chemically dispersed oils were included, enabling a direct comparability of results. This approach is of high importance as especially the investigation of dispersant toxicity in relevant exposure concentrations is rather scarce. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to different WAFs shortly after and up to 120 hour post fertilization (hpf). Besides phenotypic effects including edema and spine deformations, reduced responses to dark stimuli, increased CYP1A activity and marginal AChE inhibition were observed in sublethal effect concentrations. Both oil types had varying strength of toxicity, which did not correlate with corresponding chemical analysis of target PAHs. Chemically dispersed oils induced stronger acute toxicity in zebrafish embryos compared to native (initial) oil exposure, which was further reflected by very low exposure concentrations for biomarker endpoints. Based on a comparison to the dispersant alone, a higher toxicity of dispersed oils was related to a combination of dispersant toxicity and an elevated crude oil compound bioavailability, due to dispersion-related partitioning kinetics. In contrast to LEWAF and CEWAF neither typical morphological effects nor mechanism-specific toxicity were observed for the dispersant alone, indicating narcosis as the responsible cause of effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Johann
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Leonie Nüßer
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mira Goßen
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Benjamin Seiler
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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8
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Hansen BH, Salaberria I, Read KE, Wold PA, Hammer KM, Olsen AJ, Altin D, Øverjordet IB, Nordtug T, Bardal T, Kjørsvik E. Developmental effects in fish embryos exposed to oil dispersions - The impact of crude oil micro-droplets. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 150:104753. [PMID: 31284099 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
During accidental crude oil spills and permitted discharges of produced water into the marine environment, a large fraction of naturally occurring oil components will be contained in micron-sized oil droplets. Toxicity is assumed to be associated with the dissolved fraction of oil components, however the potential contribution of oil droplets to toxicity is currently not well known. In the present work we wanted to evaluate the contribution of oil droplets to effects on normal development of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) through exposing embryos for 96 h to un-filtered (dispersions containing droplets) and filtered (water soluble fractions) dispersions in a flow-through system at dispersion concentrations ranging from 0.14 to 4.34 mg oil/L. After exposure, the embryos were kept in clean seawater until hatch when survival, development and morphology were assessed. The experiment was performed at two different stages of embryonic development to cover two potentially sensitive stages (gastrulation and organogenesis). Exposure of cod embryos to crude oil dispersions caused acute and delayed toxicity, including manifestation of morphological deformations in hatched larvae. Oil droplets appear to contribute to some of the observed effects including mortality, larvae condition (standard length, body surface, and yolk sac size), spinal deformations as well as alterations in craniofacial and jaw development. The timing of exposure may be essential for the development of effects as higher acute mortality was observed when embryos were exposed from the start of gastrulation (Experiment 1) than when exposed during organogenesis (Experiment 2). Even though low mortality was observed when exposed during organogenesis, concentration-dependent mortality was observed during recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iurgi Salaberria
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Environment and New Resources, Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kari Ella Read
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Environment and New Resources, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per Arvid Wold
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Anders J Olsen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Trond Nordtug
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Environment and New Resources, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tora Bardal
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elin Kjørsvik
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
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NILIN JEAMYLLE, SANTOS ANDERSONA, NASCIMENTO MEGGIEK. Ecotoxicology assay for the evaluation of environmental water quality in a tropical urban estuary. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 91:e20180232. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820180232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JEAMYLLE NILIN
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe/UFS, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Sergipe/UFS, Brazil
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10
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Boulais M, Vignier J, Loh AN, Chu FLE, Lay CR, Morris JM, Krasnec MO, Volety A. Sublethal effects of oil-contaminated sediment to early life stages of the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:743-751. [PMID: 30228066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The explosion of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil drilling rig resulted in the release of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. This event coincided with the spawning season of the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Although oil bound to sediments constitutes an important source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure to benthic organisms, toxicity of sediment-associated DWH oil has not been investigated in any bivalve species. Here, we evaluated the sublethal effects of acute exposure of gametes, embryos and veliger larvae of the Eastern oyster to different concentrations of unfiltered elutriates of sediment contaminated with DWH oil. Our results suggest that gametes, embryos and veliger larvae are harmed by exposure to unfiltered elutriates of contaminated sediment. Effective concentrations for fertilization inhibition were 40.6 μg tPAH50 L-1 and 173.2 μg tPAH50 L-1 for EC201h and EC501h values, respectively. Embryo exposure resulted in dose-dependent abnormalities (EC20 and EC50 values were 77.7 μg tPAH50 L-1 and 151 μg tPAH50 L-1, respectively) and reduction in shell growth (EC2024h value of 1180 μg tPAH50 L-1). Development and growth of veliger larvae were less sensitive to sediment-associated PAHs compared to embryos. Fertilization success and abnormality of larvae exposed as embryos were the most sensitive endpoints for assessing the toxicity of oil-contaminated sediment. Bulk of measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were sediment-bound and caused toxic effects at lower tPAH50 concentrations than high energy water accommodated fractions (HEWAF) preparations from the same DWH oil. This study suggests risk assessments would benefit from further study of suspended contaminated sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrina Boulais
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, Center for Marine Science, 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC, 28409, USA
| | - Julien Vignier
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Ai Ning Loh
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, Center for Marine Science, 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC, 28409, USA
| | - Fu Lin E Chu
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Gloucester Point, 23062, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Aswani Volety
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, Center for Marine Science, 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC, 28409, USA.
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11
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Cui Z, Luan X, Jiang H, Li Q, Xu G, Sun C, Zheng L, Song Y, Davison PA, Huang WE. Application of a bacterial whole cell biosensor for the rapid detection of cytotoxicity in heavy metal contaminated seawater. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:322-329. [PMID: 29494913 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A toxicity biosensor Acinetobacter baylyi Tox2 was constructed with the host strain A. baylyi ADP1 harboring a new and medium-copy-number plasmid pWH1274_lux, and was applied to detect the cytotoxicity of heavy metal contaminated seawater. The gene cassette luxCDABE was controlled by constitutively expressed promoter Ptet on pWH1274_lux and the bioluminescence intensity of the biosensor reduces in proportional to the concentrations of toxic compounds. A. baylyi Tox2 exhibits tolerance to salinity, hence it is applicable to seawater samples. A. baylyi Tox2 and Mugilogobius chulae were exposed to different concentrations of heavy metals (Hg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+) in artificial seawater for performance comparison and Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant correlation (p < 0.01) between A. baylyi Tox2 toxicity detection and the fish (M. chulae) exposure test. This suggests that the performance of A. baylyi Tox2 is comparable to the conventional fish toxicity test in terms of cytotoxicity detection of heavy metal contaminated seawater. Furthermore, A. baylyi Tox2 was used to evaluate cytotoxicity of field-collected seawater samples. The results indicate that there was a significant correlation between the luminescence inhibition ratio (IR) of A. baylyi Tox2 and heavy metal concentrations detected by ICP-MS in the samples. Two seawater samples, which contained a high concentration of total heavy metals, exhibited stronger cytotoxicity than the samples containing low concentrations of heavy metals. In conclusion, A. baylyi Tox2 can be used as an alternative tool to aquatic animals for the evaluation of the cytotoxicity of heavy metal contamination in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisong Cui
- Marine Ecology Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration of China, Qingdao, 266061, China.
| | - Xiao Luan
- Marine Ecology Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration of China, Qingdao, 266061, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Huichao Jiang
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Qian Li
- Marine Ecology Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration of China, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Guangfei Xu
- Marine Ecology Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration of China, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- Marine Ecology Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration of China, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Marine Ecology Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration of China, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Yizhi Song
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Davison
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Wei E Huang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom.
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12
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Speciale A, Zena R, Calabrò C, Bertuccio C, Aragona M, Saija A, Trombetta D, Cimino F, Lo Cascio P. Experimental exposure of blue mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) to high levels of benzo[a]pyrene and possible implications for human health. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 150:96-103. [PMID: 29268120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are lipophilic compounds able to accumulate in the food chain. Mussels showed to bioaccumulate contaminants, such as PAHs, so that recurrent consumption of such contaminated food represents a risk for human health. This study was aimed to elucidate if acute exposure of Mediterranean blue mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), a bivalve of great economic importance in several countries, to a PAH, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), at doses able to induce cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) and pathological changes in mussel gills, can produce accumulation in soft tissue. We explored the cytotoxic effects (cell viability, DNA laddering, and glutathione levels) of in vitro exposure of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to organic extracts obtained from blue mussels previously exposed for 12 and 72h via water to B[a]P (0.5-1mg/L). In our experimental conditions, B[a]P induced CYP1A induction and morphological changes in mussel gills and a significant B[a]P accumulation in soft tissue. Conversely, exposing PBMCs to organic extracts obtained from contaminated mussels, resulted in a significant reduction of cell viability and cell glutathione content, and in an increase in DNA laddering. This confirms that consumption of mussels from B[a]P polluted waters might affect human health. Our data lead us to suggest that CYP1A activity in mussel gills may be useful (more than the amount of detected PAHs in the mussel edible tissue) as a marker in assessment of risk for health of consumers exposed to PAHs through ingestion of shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - R Zena
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - C Calabrò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - C Bertuccio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - M Aragona
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - A Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - D Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - F Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - P Lo Cascio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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13
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O'Shaughnessy KA, Forth H, Takeshita R, Chesney EJ. Toxicity of weathered Deepwater Horizon oil to bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:473-479. [PMID: 29112918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The BP-contracted Deepwater Horizon Macondo well blowout occurred on 20 April 2010 and lasted nearly three months. The well released millions of barrels of crude oil into the northern Gulf of Mexico, causing extensive impacts on pelagic, benthic, and estuarine fish species. The bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) is an important zooplanktivore in the Gulf, serving as an ecological link between lower trophic levels and pelagic predatory fish species. Bay anchovy spawn from May through November in shallow inshore and estuarine waters throughout the Gulf. Because their buoyant embryos are a dominant part of the inshore ichthyoplankton throughout the summer, it is likely bay anchovy embryos encountered oil in coastal estuaries during the summer and fall of 2010. Bay anchovy embryos were exposed to a range of concentrations of two field-collected Deepwater Horizon oils as high-energy and low-energy water accommodated fractions (HEWAFs and LEWAFs, respectively) for 48h. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) were lower in exposures with the more weathered oil (HEWAF, 1.48µg/L TPAH50; LEWAF, 1.58µg/L TPAH50) compared to the less weathered oil (HEWAF, 3.87µg/L TPAH50; LEWAF, 4.28µg/L TPAH50). To measure delayed mortality and life stage sensitivity between embryos and larvae, an additional 24h acute HEWAF exposure using the more weathered oil was run followed by a 24h grow-out period. Here the LC50 was 9.71µg/L TPAH50 after the grow-out phase, suggesting a toxic effect of oil at the embryonic or hatching stage. We also found that exposures prepared with the more weathered Slick B oil produced lower LC50 values compared to the exposures prepared with Slick A oil. Our results demonstrate that even relatively acute environmental exposure times can have a detrimental effect on bay anchovy embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather Forth
- Abt Associates, 1881 Ninth Street, Suite 201, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Ryan Takeshita
- Abt Associates, 1881 Ninth Street, Suite 201, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Edward J Chesney
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 Hwy 56, Chauvin, LA 70344, USA
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14
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Kotzakoulakis K, George SC. Predicting the weathering of fuel and oil spills: A diffusion-limited evaporation model. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 190:442-453. [PMID: 29028599 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The majority of the evaporation models currently available in the literature for the prediction of oil spill weathering do not take into account diffusion-limited mass transport and the formation of a concentration gradient in the oil phase. The altered surface concentration of the spill caused by diffusion-limited transport leads to a slower evaporation rate compared to the predictions of diffusion-agnostic evaporation models. The model presented in this study incorporates a diffusive layer in the oil phase and predicts the diffusion-limited evaporation rate. The information required is the composition of the fluid from gas chromatography or alternatively the distillation data. If the density or a single viscosity measurement is available the accuracy of the predictions is higher. Environmental conditions such as water temperature, air pressure and wind velocity are taken into account. The model was tested with synthetic mixtures, petroleum fuels and crude oils with initial viscosities ranging from 2 to 13,000 cSt. The tested temperatures varied from 0 °C to 23.4 °C and wind velocities from 0.3 to 3.8 m/s. The average absolute deviation (AAD) of the diffusion-limited model ranged between 1.62% and 24.87%. In comparison, the AAD of a diffusion-agnostic model ranged between 2.34% and 136.62% against the same tested fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kotzakoulakis
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Macquarie University Marine Research Centre, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Simon C George
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Macquarie University Marine Research Centre, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
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15
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Arnberg M, Moodley L, Dunaevskaya E, Ramanand S, Ingvarsdóttir A, Nilsen M, Ravagnan E, Westerlund S, Sanni S, Tarling GA, Bechmann RK. Effects of chronic crude oil exposure on early developmental stages of the Northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:916-931. [PMID: 28849995 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1352204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rising oil and gas activities in northern high latitudes have led to an increased risk of petroleum pollution in these ecosystems. Further, seasonal high UV radiation at high latitudes may elevate photo-enhanced toxicity of petroleum pollution to marine organisms. Zooplanktons are a key ecological component of northern ecosystems; therefore, it is important to assess their sensitivity to potential pollutants of oil and gas activity. As ontogenetic development may be particularly sensitive, the aim of this study was to examine the impact of chronic exposure to oil water dispersion (OWD) on development and feeding of early life stages of the Northern krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica. In a range of experiments, embryonic, nonfeeding, and feeding larval stages were exposed to concentrations of between 0.01 and 0.1 mg/L of oil or photo-modified oil for 19 and 21 d. No significant effects on egg respiration, hatching success, development, length and larval survival were observed from these treatments. Similarly, evolution of fatty acid composition patterns during ontogenetic development was unaffected. The results indicates a high degree of resilience of these early developmental stages to such types and concentrations of pollutants. However, feeding and motility in later calyptopis-stage larvae were significantly impaired at exposure of 0.1 mg/L oil. Data indicate that feeding larval stage of krill was more sensitive to OWD than early nonfeeding life stages. This might be attributed to the narcotic effects of oil pollutants, their direct ingestion, or accumulated adverse effects over early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj Arnberg
- a IRIS-International Research Institute of Stavanger , Randaberg , Norway
| | - Leon Moodley
- a IRIS-International Research Institute of Stavanger , Randaberg , Norway
| | | | - Sreerekha Ramanand
- a IRIS-International Research Institute of Stavanger , Randaberg , Norway
| | - Anna Ingvarsdóttir
- a IRIS-International Research Institute of Stavanger , Randaberg , Norway
| | - Marianne Nilsen
- b Western Norway University of Applied Sciences (HVL) , Sogndal , Norway
| | - Elisa Ravagnan
- a IRIS-International Research Institute of Stavanger , Randaberg , Norway
| | - Stig Westerlund
- a IRIS-International Research Institute of Stavanger , Randaberg , Norway
| | - Steinar Sanni
- a IRIS-International Research Institute of Stavanger , Randaberg , Norway
- c University of Stavanger , Faculty of Science and Technology , Stavanger , Norway
| | - Geraint A Tarling
- d British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council , Cambridge , UK
| | - Renée K Bechmann
- a IRIS-International Research Institute of Stavanger , Randaberg , Norway
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16
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Hansen BH, Altin D, Nordtug T, Øverjordet IB, Olsen AJ, Krause D, Størdal I, Størseth TR. Exposure to crude oil micro-droplets causes reduced food uptake in copepods associated with alteration in their metabolic profiles. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 184:94-102. [PMID: 28119129 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute oil spills and produced water discharges may cause exposure of filter-feeding pelagic organisms to micron-sized dispersed oil droplets. The dissolved oil components are expected to be the main driver for oil dispersion toxicity; however, very few studies have investigated the specific contribution of oil droplets to toxicity. In the present work, the contribution of oil micro-droplet toxicity in dispersions was isolated by comparing exposures to oil dispersions (water soluble fraction with droplets) to concurrent exposure to filtered dispersions (water-soluble fractions without droplets). Physical (coloration) and behavioral (feeding activity) as well as molecular (metabolite profiling) responses to oil exposures in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus were studied. At high dispersion concentrations (4.1-5.6mg oil/L), copepods displayed carapace discoloration and reduced swimming activity. Reduced feeding activity, measured as algae uptake, gut filling and fecal pellet production, was evident also for lower concentrations (0.08mg oil/L). Alterations in metabolic profiles were also observed following exposure to oil dispersions. The pattern of responses were similar between two comparable experiments with different oil types, suggesting responses to be non-oil type specific. Furthermore, oil micro-droplets appear to contribute to some of the observed effects triggering a starvation-type response, manifested as a reduction in metabolite (homarine, acetylcholine, creatine and lactate) concentrations in copepods. Our work clearly displays a relationship between crude oil micro-droplet exposure and reduced uptake of algae in copepods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Henrik Hansen
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Environmental Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | - Trond Nordtug
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Environmental Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Anders J Olsen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dan Krause
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Environmental Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingvild Størdal
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trond R Størseth
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Environmental Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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17
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Lotufo GR, Farrar JD, Biedenbach JM, Laird JG, Krasnec MO, Lay C, Morris JM, Gielazyn ML. Effects of sediment amended with Deepwater Horizon incident slick oil on the infaunal amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 109:253-258. [PMID: 27267114 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil released from the Deepwater Horizon disaster into the Gulf of Mexico posed potential impacts to infaunal invertebrates inhabiting near shore habitats. The effects of sediment-associated weathered slick oil on the amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus was assessed using 28-d exposures to total PAH sediment concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 24mg/kg (sum of 50 PAHs or tPAH50). Survival and growth rate were significantly decreased in the 2.6, 11.4 and 24.2mg/kg treatments, but only growth in 5.5mg/kg. Offspring production was dramatically decreased but was variable and significantly different only for 24.2mg/kg. The concentrations associated with 20% decreases relative to reference were 1.05 (95% CI=0-2.89) mg/kg tPAH50 for growth rate and 0.632 (95% CI=0.11-2.15) mg/kg tPAH50 for offspring production. The concentrations of PAHs affecting amphipods are within the range of concentrations measured in marsh areas reportedly impacted by DWH oil after its release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme R Lotufo
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA.
| | - J Daniel Farrar
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - James M Biedenbach
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - Jennifer G Laird
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michel L Gielazyn
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Assessment & Restoration Division, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
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18
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Effects of Exposure of Pink Shrimp, Farfantepenaeus duorarum, Larvae to Macondo Canyon 252 Crude Oil and the Corexit Dispersant. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse4010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Laforce B, Vermeulen B, Garrevoet J, Vekemans B, Hoorebeke LV, Janssen C, Vincze L. Laboratory Scale X-ray Fluorescence Tomography: Instrument Characterization and Application in Earth and Environmental Science. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3386-91. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brecht Laforce
- X-ray Microspectroscopy
and Imaging Group (XMI), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram Vermeulen
- X-ray Microspectroscopy
and Imaging Group (XMI), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- PETRA III, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bart Vekemans
- X-ray Microspectroscopy
and Imaging Group (XMI), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT-Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat
86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Colin Janssen
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Ghent University, Jozef Plateaustraat 22, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laszlo Vincze
- X-ray Microspectroscopy
and Imaging Group (XMI), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Zena R, Speciale A, Calabrò C, Calò M, Palombieri D, Saija A, Cimino F, Trombetta D, Lo Cascio P. Exposure of sea bream (Sparus aurata) to toxic concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene: possible human health effect. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 122:116-125. [PMID: 26232038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can accumulate in the food chain, due to their lipophilic properties. Fish can accumulate contaminants including PAHs and frequent consumption of such contaminated fish can pose risk to human health. The aim of this study was to clarify if acute exposure of sea bream (Sparus aurata, a fish species of great economic importance in the Atlantic and Mediterranean areas) to a PAH, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), at a dose that can induce CYP1A and pathological changes in fish gills, liver and muscle, can induce accumulation in muscle. We investigated the cytotoxic effects (as changes in cell viability, DNA laddering and glutathione content) of in vitro exposure of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to organic extracts obtained from muscle of sea breams previously exposed via water to B[a]P (2mg/l, for 12, 24 and 72 h). At this level of exposure, B[a]P caused morphological changes, inflammatory response and CYP1A induction not only in sea bream gills and liver but also in muscle; furthermore, in fish muscle we observed a substantial B[a]P accumulation, which may be associated with the increased CYP1A activity in liver and especially in muscle. However, when PBMCs were exposed to organic extracts obtained from sea bream muscle contaminated with B[a]P, a toxic, although modest effect was revealed, consisting in a significant decrease in cell glutathione levels without alterations in cell viability and DNA laddering. This suggests that consumption of sea breams from B[a]P contaminated waters might represent a risk for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zena
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, V.le SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - A Speciale
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, V.le SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - C Calabrò
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Salita Sperone 31, S. Agata, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - M Calò
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - D Palombieri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Salita Sperone 31, S. Agata, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - A Saija
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, V.le SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - F Cimino
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, V.le SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - D Trombetta
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, V.le SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - P Lo Cascio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Salita Sperone 31, S. Agata, Messina, 98166, Italy
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21
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Ferrando A, Gonzalez E, Franco M, Commendatore M, Nievas M, Militon C, Stora G, Gilbert F, Esteves JL, Cuny P. Oil spill effects on macrofaunal communities and bioturbation of pristine marine sediments (Caleta Valdés, Patagonia, Argentina): experimental evidence of low resistance capacities of benthic systems without history of pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:15294-15306. [PMID: 25647496 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Patagonian coast is characterized by the existence of pristine ecosystems which may be particularly sensitive to oil contamination. In this study, a simulated oil spill at acute and chronic input levels was carried out to assess the effects of contamination on the macrobenthic community structure and the bioturbation activity of sediments sampled in Caleta Valdés creek. Superficial sediments were either noncontaminated or contaminated by Escalante crude oil and incubated in the laboratory for 30 days. Oil contamination induced adverse effects on macrobenthic community at both concentrations with, for the highest concentration, a marked decrease of approximately 40 and 55 % of density and specific richness, respectively. Besides the disappearance of sensitive species, some other species like Oligochaeta sp. 1, Paranebalia sp., and Ostracoda sp. 2 species have a higher resistance to oil contamination. Sediment reworking activity was also affected by oil addition. At the highest level of contamination, nearly no activity was observed due to the high mortality of macroorganisms. The results strongly suggest that an oil spill in this protected marine area with no previous history of contamination would have a deep impact on the non-adapted macrobenthic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Ferrando
- Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT - CONICET), Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, 9120, Argentina.
| | - Emilia Gonzalez
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Bvd. Brown 3000, Puerto Madryn, 9120, Argentina
| | - Marcos Franco
- Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT - CONICET), Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, 9120, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional Chubut, Av. del Trabajo 1536, Puerto Madryn, 9120, Argentina
| | - Marta Commendatore
- Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT - CONICET), Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, 9120, Argentina
| | - Marina Nievas
- Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT - CONICET), Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, 9120, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional Chubut, Av. del Trabajo 1536, Puerto Madryn, 9120, Argentina
| | - Cécile Militon
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, 13288, France
| | - Georges Stora
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, 13288, France
| | - Franck Gilbert
- Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
- CNRS; EcoLab, Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - José Luis Esteves
- Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT - CONICET), Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, 9120, Argentina
| | - Philippe Cuny
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, 13288, France
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22
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Brown-Peterson NJ, Krasnec M, Takeshita R, Ryan CN, Griffitt KJ, Lay C, Mayer GD, Bayha KM, Hawkins WE, Lipton I, Morris J, Griffitt RJ. A multiple endpoint analysis of the effects of chronic exposure to sediment contaminated with Deepwater Horizon oil on juvenile Southern flounder and their associated microbiomes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 165:197-209. [PMID: 26092636 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to oiled sediments can negatively impact the health of fish species. Here, we examine the effects of chronic exposure of juvenile southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, to a sediment-oil mixture. Oil:sediment mixtures are persistent over time and can become bioavailable following sediment perturbation or resuspension. Juvenile flounder were exposed for 32 days under controlled laboratory conditions to five concentrations of naturally weathered Macondo MC252 oil mixed into uncontaminated, field-collected sediments. The percent composition of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of the weathered oil did not change after mixing with the sediment. Spiked exposure sediments contained 0.04-395mg/kg tPAH50 (sum of 50 individual PAH concentration measurements). Mortality increased with both exposure duration and concentration of sediment-associated PAHs, and flounder exposed to concentrations above 8mg/kg tPAH50 showed significantly reduced growth over the course of the experiment. Evident histopathologic changes were observed in liver and gill tissues of fish exposed to more than 8mg/kg tPAH50. All fish at these concentrations showed hepatic intravascular congestion, macrovesicular hepatic vacoulation, telangiectasia of secondary lamellae, and lamellar epithelial proliferation in gill tissues. Dose-dependent upregulation of Cyp1a expression in liver tissues was observed. Taxonomic analysis of gill and intestinal commensal bacterial assemblages showed that exposure to oiled sediments led to distinct shifts in commensal bacterial population structures. These data show that chronic exposure to environmentally-relevant concentrations of oiled sediments produces adverse effects in flounder at multiple biological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J Brown-Peterson
- Department of Coastal Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Dr., Ocean Springs, MS 39564, United States.
| | - Michelle Krasnec
- Abt Associates, 1881 Ninth Street, Suite 201, Boulder, Colorado 80302, United States.
| | - Ryan Takeshita
- Abt Associates, 1881 Ninth Street, Suite 201, Boulder, Colorado 80302, United States.
| | - Caitlin N Ryan
- The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Box 41163, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States.
| | - Kimberly J Griffitt
- Department of Coastal Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Dr., Ocean Springs, MS 39564, United States.
| | - Claire Lay
- Abt Associates, 1881 Ninth Street, Suite 201, Boulder, Colorado 80302, United States.
| | - Gregory D Mayer
- The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Box 41163, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States.
| | - Keith M Bayha
- Department of Coastal Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Dr., Ocean Springs, MS 39564, United States.
| | - William E Hawkins
- Department of Coastal Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Dr., Ocean Springs, MS 39564, United States.
| | - Ian Lipton
- Abt Associates, 1881 Ninth Street, Suite 201, Boulder, Colorado 80302, United States.
| | - Jeffrey Morris
- Abt Associates, 1881 Ninth Street, Suite 201, Boulder, Colorado 80302, United States.
| | - Robert J Griffitt
- Department of Coastal Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Dr., Ocean Springs, MS 39564, United States.
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