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Schwandt ML, Cullins E, Ramchandani VA. The role of resilience in the relationship between stress and alcohol. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 31:100644. [PMID: 38827175 PMCID: PMC11140813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress plays a well-documented role in alcohol consumption and the risk for developing alcohol use disorder. The concept of resilience - coping with and successfully adapting to stressful life experiences - has received increasing attention in the field of addiction research in recent decades, and there has been an accumulation of evidence for resilience as a protective factor against problematic alcohol consumption, risk for alcohol use disorder, disorder severity, and relapse. The conceptual and methodological approaches used in the generation of this evidence vary considerably across investigations, however. In light of this, we carried out this review in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the meaning and scope of resilience, what factors contribute to resilience, how it is measured, and how it relates to alcohol-associated phenotypes. Implications for treatment through the use of resilience-building interventions are likewise discussed, as well as implications for future research on the role of resilience in the etiology and clinical outcomes of alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L. Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eva Cullins
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vijay A. Ramchandani
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Mohammed HE, Bady Z, Abdelhamid ZG, Elawfi B, AboElfarh HE, Elboraay T, Abdel-Salam DM. Factors influencing stress and resilience among Egyptian medical students: a multi-centric cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:393. [PMID: 38783215 PMCID: PMC11112873 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress is a common psychological comorbidity among medical students and worsens their quality of life. Psychological resilience is thought to have a protective role against stress. However, evidence regarding the prevalence of stress and resilience alongside their associated factors is scarce, especially in the Middle East. This is the first multicenter, cross-sectional study to investigate resilience and stress among Egyptian medical students. METHODS The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 2465 university students in seven public universities in Egypt. The universities were selected using the simple randomization method. The data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire consisting of four parts: demographic data, socioeconomic tool represented in the Family Affluence Scale (FAS), the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). Data was analyzed in SPSS version 26 software. RESULTS The majority of the students were stressed (86.5%), most of whom had severe stress (48.9%). Most of the students had low resilience (49.9%), while only 3.2% had high resilience. In the logistic regression analysis, being a female, living alone, spending long hours on social media, and thinking of suicide or leaving medicine were associated with being stressed and having low resilience. Medical students with low resilience were significantly more liable to stress [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.667, confidence interval (CI): 2.709-4.965, P = 0.000], and vice versa [AOR = 3.709, CI: 2.746-5.009, P = 0.000]. Interestingly, high socioeconomic status showed a significant association with high resilience (P = 0.004); nonetheless, it was not associated with stress (P = 0.993). Academic grades were not associated with both the level of stress and resilience. Aging, being in clinical or academic stages, smoking, having a chronic disease, and being financially-supported are neither associated with stress nor resilience. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed that Egyptian medical students had low resilience and high stress, with a significant relationship between both of them. Further investigations via longitudinal study design to understand the resilience-stress relationship are recommended. Developing and implementing resilience-improving strategies in medical schools is highly recommended to decrease the prevalence of stress and its subsequent burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeyad Bady
- Faculty of Medicine, Assiut university, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Zeinab G Abdelhamid
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Bashaer Elawfi
- Faculty of Medicine, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
- Medical research group of Egypt (MRGE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hadeer Elsaeed AboElfarh
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Medical research group of Egypt (MRGE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Toka Elboraay
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Elsharqia, Egypt
- Medical research group of Egypt (MRGE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa Mazen Abdel-Salam
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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Teo CW, Ong PW, Low LL, Seah SSY, Leong DQX, Tan CYF. Psychological Resilience in Post-acute Care: A Cross-Sectional Study of Health Care Workers in Singapore Community Hospitals. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2024:105029. [PMID: 38782042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psychological resilience is a crucial component of mental health and well-being for health care workers. It is positively linked to compassion satisfaction and inversely associated with burnout. The current literature on health care worker resilience has mainly focused on primary care and tertiary hospitals, but there is a lack of studies in post-acute and transitional care settings. Our study aims to address this knowledge gap and evaluate the factors associated with psychological resilience among health care professionals working in community hospitals. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Physicians, nurses, rehabilitation therapists (consisting of physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and speech therapists), pharmacists, dietitians, and social workers in 2 community hospitals in Singapore. METHODS Eligible health care workers were invited to fill in anonymous, self-reported questionnaires consisting of sociodemographic, lifestyle, and work-related factors together with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were conducted to study the relationship between each factor and resilience scores. RESULTS A total of 574 responses were received, giving a response rate of 81.1%. The mean CD-RISC-10 score reported was 28.4. Multiple linear regression revealed that male gender (B = 1.49, P = .003), Chinese (B = -3.18, P < .001), active smokers (B = -3.82, P = .01), having perceived work crisis support (B = 2.95, P < .001), work purpose (B = 1.84, P = .002), job satisfaction (B = 1.01, P = .04), and work control (B = 2.53, P < .001) were significantly associated with psychological resilience scores among these health care workers. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our study highlights the importance of certain individual and organizational factors that are associated with psychological resilience. These findings provide valuable insight into developing tailored interventions to foster resilience, such as strengthening work purpose and providing effective work crisis support, thus reducing burnout among health care workers in the post-acute care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang Wen Teo
- SingHealth Community Hospitals - Outram, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Poh Wei Ong
- SingHealth Community Hospitals - Sengkang, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lian Leng Low
- SingHealth Community Hospitals - Outram, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Darren Qin Xiang Leong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Wang J, Huang X, Li Z, Chen K, Jin Z, He J, Han B, Feng L, Meng N, Yang C, Liu Z. Effect of parenting style on the emotional and behavioral problems among Chinese adolescents: the mediating effect of resilience. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:787. [PMID: 38481184 PMCID: PMC10935827 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous studies have found that parenting style significantly predicts emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) among Chinese adolescents, the mechanism between different parenting styles and EBPs requires in-depth investigation. In our study, we aimed to investigate the mediating effect of resilience, a positive psychological characteristic, between parenting style and EBPs among Chinese adolescents. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we used a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method to collect data in Shenyang, Liaoning Province from November to December 2019. Self-developed questionnaires were distributed to 1028 adolescents aged 10-18. Finally, the study consisted of 895 participants. The bootstrap method was used to investigate the role of resilience as a mediator in the relationship between different parenting styles and EBPs from a positive psychology perspective. RESULTS The mean score of EBPs was 12.71 (SD = 5.77). After controlling for variables such as gender, age, left-behind children, family type and family income, resilience partially played a mediating role in the associations of paternal rejection (a × b = 0.051 BCa95%CI:0.023,0.080), maternal rejection (a × b = 0.055 BCa95%CI: 0.024, 0.086), paternal emotional warmth (a × b = -0.139 BCa95%CI: -0.182, -0.099) and maternal emotional warmth (a × b = -0.140 BCa95%CI: -0.182, -0.102), with EBPs. The effect sizes were11.28%, 11.51%, 40.76%, and 38.78%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Resilience could partially mediate the relationship between parenting style and EBPs, highlighting that parents should adopt a positive parenting style and that resilience improvement could be effective in reducing EBPs among Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiana Wang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, No.818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinyuan Huang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Li
- Anesthesiology department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, , Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Jin
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingsong Han
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Meng
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Yang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Journal Center of China Medical University, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.
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Sebalo I, Königová MP, Sebalo Vňuková M, Anders M, Ptáček R. The Associations of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) With Substance Use in Young Adults: A Systematic Review. Subst Abuse 2023; 17:11782218231193914. [PMID: 38025908 PMCID: PMC10631312 DOI: 10.1177/11782218231193914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Young adulthood is a transitional period between adolescence and adulthood. Due to the unique pressures of taking on a new social role and associated uncertainties, young adults are at heightened risk for drug and alcohol use. Furthermore, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increases the likelihood of using maladaptive coping strategies such as using substances to avoid or soothe negative emotions. The current review aimed to summarize the associations between exposure to ACEs before the age of 18 years and subsequent drug or alcohol use between the ages of 18 and 25 years. Methods The review was performed in accordance with the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature search of the Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases was conducted in February 2022. Results The initial search yielded 7178 articles, with 777 duplicates. Consequently, 6401 titles were inspected for relevance. After reading the full text, 88 articles were included in the review. Conclusion This review provides clear evidence that exposure to multiple ACEs is a robust risk factor for the use of alcohol, cannabis and other drugs by young adults. Poor self-regulation and maladaptive coping strategies were identified as mechanisms explaining this link; however, further detailed research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sebalo
- Centre of Research and Education in Forensic Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michaela Poslt Königová
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martina Sebalo Vňuková
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Anders
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radek Ptáček
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
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Phillips AR, Halligan SL, Lavi I, Macleod JAA, Robinson S, Wilkins D, Hiller RM. A Scoping Review of Factors Associated With the Mental Health of Young People Who Have "Aged Out" of the Child Welfare System. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023:15248380231196107. [PMID: 37776530 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231196107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Young people who grow up in care and then exit care around the age of 18 (care-leavers) are a particularly vulnerable group, at increased risk for mental health problems even relative to other care-experienced groups. Yet, little is understood about the factors underpinning this association. We used scoping review methods to synthesize the quantitative and qualitative literature on factors that are associated with mental health problems for care-leavers. Following rigorous methods, we systematically searched three scientific databases spanning psychology and social care and identified 23 peer-reviewed studies for inclusion. This review highlights the heterogeneity of this research, in terms of methodology and topics investigated. Topics included are as follows: pre-care maltreatment, care-related experiences, psychological factors (emotion regulation), social support, education, and adult functioning (e.g., housing, finances, employment). We found mixed and inconsistent findings across research studies. The strongest evidence-base is around the influence of social support upon the mental health of recent care-leavers, though methodological problems are discussed. The field benefits from several large-scale observational and longitudinal research studies. However, there is an over-reliance upon retrospective reporting, and the use of unvalidated measures is common. It is apparent that there are significant gaps in our current understanding of the mental health of care-leavers, in particular around modifiable factors. We discuss potential directions for future empirical research, both in terms of methodology and factors investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John A A Macleod
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- The University of Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Rachel M Hiller
- University College London, UK
- Anna Freud Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
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Kamalasekaran K, Magesh V, Atchudan R, Arya S, Sundramoorthy AK. Development of Electrochemical Sensor Using Iron (III) Phthalocyanine/Gold Nanoparticle/Graphene Hybrid Film for Highly Selective Determination of Nicotine in Human Salivary Samples. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:839. [PMID: 37754073 PMCID: PMC10527255 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is the one of the major addictive substances; the overdose of nicotine (NIC) consumption causes increasing heart rate, blood pressure, stroke, lung cancer, and respiratory illnesses. In this study, we have developed a precise and sensitive electrochemical sensor for nicotine detection in saliva samples. It was built on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with graphene (Gr), iron (III) phthalocyanine-4,4',4″,4'''-tetrasulfonic acid (Fe(III)Pc), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs/Fe(III)Pc/Gr/GCE). The AuNPs/Fe(III)Pc/Gr nanocomposite was prepared and characterized by using FE-SEM, EDX, and E-mapping techniques to confirm the composite formation as well as the even distribution of elements. Furthermore, the newly prepared AuNPs/Fe(III)Pc/Gr/GCE-nanocomposite-based sensor was used to detect the nicotine in phosphate-buffered solution (0.1 M PBS, pH 7.4). The AuNPs/Fe(III)Pc/Gr/GCE-based sensor offered a linear response against NIC from 0.5 to 27 µM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 17 nM using the amperometry (i-t curve) technique. This electrochemical sensor demonstrated astounding selectivity and sensitivity during NIC detection in the presence of common interfering molecules in 0.1 M PBS. Moreover, the effect of pH on NIC electro-oxidation was studied, which indicated that PBS with pH 7.4 was the best medium for NIC determination. Finally, the AuNPs/Fe(III)Pc/Gr/GCE sensor was used to accurately determine NIC concentration in human saliva samples, and the recovery percentages were also calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Kamalasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, Velammal Engineering College, Chennai 600066, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Vasanth Magesh
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Raji Atchudan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sandeep Arya
- Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Ashok K. Sundramoorthy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;
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Wang H, Guo X, Song Q, Liang Q, Su W, Li N, Ding X, Qin Q, Chen M, Sun L, Liang M, Sun Y. Adverse childhood experiences of emotional and physical abuse and emotional and behavioral problems: the mediating effects of family function and resilience. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2121-2136. [PMID: 37184334 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2208365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences are a widespread phenomenon that can have a variety of negative effects on children. Emotional and behavioral problems (EBP) in children have been gaining interest in recent years. Therefore, this study aims to explore the association between emotional and physical abuse (EPA) and preschool children's EBP, as well as to assess the mediating effects of family function and resilience in this association. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and we recruited 3,636 participants from 26 kindergartens in three cities. Correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to test the relationships between EPA, mediators (family function and resilience), and EBP. Structural equation modeling was used to perform the mediation analyses. The results of this study showed that EPA predicted EBP in preschool children, family function, and resilience independently and in combination to mediate the relationship. Therefore, improving family function and increasing children's level of resilience are beneficial methods for the prevention and intervention of EBP in preschool children who experience EPA, but most fundamentally to avoid or reduce the occurrence of abuse. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our findings and explore possible mediating mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xianwei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiuxia Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiwei Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Hospital infection Prevention and Control, Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wanying Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiuxiu Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qirong Qin
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Management, Ma'anshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ma'anshan, Anhui, China
| | - Mingchun Chen
- Department of AIDS Prevention and Control, Changfeng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Fuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Mingming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Lakshmi R, Romate J, Rajkumar E, George AJ, Wajid M. Factors influencing tobacco use behaviour initiation - From the perspective of the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation- Behaviour (COM-B) Model. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16385. [PMID: 37292260 PMCID: PMC10245169 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-communicable diseases such as ischemic heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide, and are associated with tobacco use. The ultimate goal of health professionals and researchers working to combat smoking's extremely harmful health effects is to prevent smoking initiation. Nearly 5500 new smokers are added each day, for a total of almost 2 million new smokers each year. The COM-B model's primary goal is to determine what needs to be done for a behaviour change to occur. Behaviour modification requires an understanding of the factors that drive behaviour. Aim The current qualitative study intends to explore the factors affecting tobacco use initiation (TUI) using the COM-B model, given the relevance of investigating the factors affecting TUI and the model. Methods The present qualitative study has used a directed content analysis approach. Seventeen participants who reported having started any kind of tobacco in the last six months were recruited in the study using a purposive sampling method to understand the factors affecting TUI. The data was collected through interviews, and all of the participants were from the Hyderabad-Karnataka region of Karnataka, India (a state which has been reported as having the highest prevalence of cigarette smoking in India). Results Directed content analysis revealed six categories: psychological capabilities affecting TUI (lack of knowledge about adverse health effects of tobacco, behavioural control, and poor academic performance), physical capabilities affecting TUI (lack of better physical resilience), physical opportunities favouring TUI (tobacco advertisements, easy access of tobacco products, and favourite star smoke on screen), social opportunities favouring TUI (peer influence, tobacco use by parents, tradition of hospitality, tobacco use as a normal behaviour, and toxic masculinity), automatic motivation causal factors of TUI (affect regulation, risk taking behaviours and tobacco use for pleasure) and reflective motivation causal factors of TUI (perceived benefits of tobacco, risk perception, perceived stress, and compensatory health beliefs). Conclusion Identifying the factors that influence TUI may help to limit or prevent people from smoking their first cigarette. Given the importance of preventing TUI, the findings of this study indicated the factors that influence TUI, which can be valuable in improving behaviour change processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Lakshmi
- Department of Applied Psychology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - John Romate
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Eslavath Rajkumar
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Allen Joshua George
- Department of Humanities and Applied Sciences Indian Institute of Management, Ranchi, India
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Özer D, Altun ÖŞ, Kayaoğlu K, Tanrikulu AB. Evaluation of the relationship between values and psychological resilience of individuals diagnosed with substance use disorder: A cross-sectional study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2023; 44:101-106. [PMID: 37197853 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between values and psychological resilience in individuals with substance use disorder. This descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 70 individuals diagnosed with substance use disorder who had applied to the Alcohol and Drug Addiction Treatment and Research Center between February and April 2022 and volunteered to participate in the study. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Values Scale, and Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). All participants were male, the average age of substance use onset was 17.67 ± 5.95 years, and they had been receiving addiction treatment for 1.97 ± 2.30 years on average. The average total score of the individuals on the BRS scale was 17.18 ± 1.45. A significant positive correlation was found between the social values, intellectual values, spiritual values, materialistic values, human dignity, and freedom sub-dimensions of the Values Scale and psychological resilience (p < .001). Additionally, spiritual values were found to have the highest positive effect on the psychological resilience levels of individuals (B = 0.185; p < .05). Individuals with higher levels of social values, intellectual values, spiritual values, materialistic values, human dignity, and freedom were found to have higher psychological resilience. Nursing care provided by taking into account the values of the individual and strengthening their values may contribute to the psychological resilience of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Özer
- University of Health Sciences, Sultan II Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Kübra Kayaoğlu
- Malatya Turgut Özal University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ali Baran Tanrikulu
- Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital, Alcohol and Drug Addiction Treatment and Research Center, Elazığ, Turkey
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Lin S, Yuan Z, Niu G, Fan C, Hao X. Family Matters More Than Friends on Problematic Social Media Use Among Adolescents: Mediating Roles of Resilience and Loneliness. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023:1-19. [PMID: 36811077 PMCID: PMC9933806 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Problematic social media use (PSMU) among adolescents has raised global concern in the current digital age. Despite the important role of perceived social support in adolescents' PSMU has been examined, possible different influences between perceived support from family and friends are still unknown. To address the gap, the present study aimed to examine how perceived support from family and friends is associated differently with PSMU and the mediating roles of resilience and loneliness therein. A sample of 1056 adolescents was recruited to complete standard questionnaires. Mediation analysis showed that resilience and loneliness mediated this association partially between perceived support from family and PSMU but totally between perceived support from friends and PSMU. Further, ANOVA-based analysis showed that influences of perceived support from family and friends on PSMU were mutually independent, and there was no interaction between them. Our results not only highlight different and independent impacts of perceived support from family and friends on PSMU, but also clarify the mediating mechanisms linking perceived social support to adolescent PSMU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Lin
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Zhongping Yuan
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Gengfeng Niu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Cuiying Fan
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Xin Hao
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430079 China
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12
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Dai Q, Smith GD. Resilience to depression: Implication for psychological vaccination. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1071859. [PMID: 36865075 PMCID: PMC9971009 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1071859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
From the vulnerability perspective, we often ask the question "why someone suffers from depression?" Despite outstanding achievements along this line, we still face high occurrence or recurrence and unsatisfied therapeutic efficacy of depression, suggesting that solely focusing on vulnerability perspective is insufficient to prevent and cure depression. Importantly, although experiencing same adversity, most people do not suffer from depression but manifest certain resilience, which could be used to prevent and cure depression, however, the systematic review is still lack. Here, we propose the concept "resilience to depression" to emphasize resilient diathesis against depression, by asking the question "why someone is exempted from depression?" Research evidence of resilience to depression has been reviewed systematically: positive cognitive style (clear purpose in life, hopefulness, et al.), positive emotion (emotional stability, et al.), adaptive behavior (extraversion, internal self-control, et al.), strong social interaction (gratitude and love, et al.), and neural foundation (dopamine circuit, et al.). Inspired by these evidence, "psychological vaccination" could be achieved by well-known real-world natural-stress vaccination (mild, controllable, and adaptive of stress, with help from parents or leaders) or newly developed "clinical vaccination" (positive activity intervention for current depression, preventive cognitive therapy for remitted depression, et al.), both of which aim to enhance the resilient psychological diathesis against depression, through events or training. Potential neural circuit vaccination was further discussed. This review calls for directing attention to resilient diathesis against depression, which offers a new thinking "psychological vaccination" in both prevention and therapy of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Dai
- Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Graeme D. Smith
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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13
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Choung Y, Pak TY. More than just a bad day? Traumatic life events and self-control in old age. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0266312. [PMID: 36753499 PMCID: PMC9907851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The behavioral economics literature suggests that exposure to traumatic events shifts preference features including risk aversion and time preference. In this study, we examined the association between traumatic life events and self-control in old age. Data were obtained from the Health and Retirement Study, which offers retrospective data on trauma exposure and early life characteristics. The results showed that experiences of serious physical attacks or assaults is associated with a 3.1% reduction in self-control, adjusted for demographic and childhood socioeconomic characteristics. The attacks or assaults were experienced approximately 30 years prior to the survey, indicating that traumatic life events exert a lasting influence on self-control. Further analyses found no difference in the association between the experience of serious physical attacks or assaults and self-control according to the timing of occurrence. Our findings are consistent with the evidence that experiences of natural disasters or armed conflicts increase impatience among survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjoo Choung
- Department of Consumer Science, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Pak
- Department of Consumer Science and Convergence Program for Social Innovation, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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14
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Yu S, Zhang C, Xu W. Self-compassion and depression in Chinese undergraduates with left-behind experience: Mediation by emotion regulation and resilience. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:168-185. [PMID: 35545873 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The protective role of self-compassion in emerging adult depression has garnered empirical support. It makes more sense to understand the psychological processes underlying this relationship. Based on the stress appraisal patterns, the present study examined the mediating roles of emotion regulation (ER) and resilience in the link between self-compassion and depression among college students with left-behind experience (LBE). METHODS A total of 391 LBE college students (Mage = 18.43 years; SD = 0.79 years) in Chongqing reported their demographic information and self-compassion (the Self-Compassion Scale) level at baseline (T1) and reported their levels of ER (the Emotion Regulation Scale), resilience (the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale), and depression (the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale) 3 months later (T2). RESULTS The results revealed that (a) both ER (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and resilience separately mediated the association between self-compassion and depression; (b) cognitive reappraisal and resilience sequentially mediated this association. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal the underlying mechanisms of the associations between self-compassion and depression among LBE college students and have implications for interventions aimed at mitigating their depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education(Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education(Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Watters ER, Aloe AM, Wojciak AS. Examining the Associations Between Childhood Trauma, Resilience, and Depression: A Multivariate Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:231-244. [PMID: 34313169 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211029397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
TOPIC OF REVIEW Childhood trauma has been associated with increased depression; however, resilience has been found to reduce this association. METHOD OF REVIEW Present analyses were based on multivariate meta-analytical techniques, an extension of univariate meta-analysis. All computations were performed using the metafor package and the metaRmat package from R. Bivariate associations (r) between trauma, resilience, and depression were utilized as the pooled effect sizes. CRITERIA FOR INCLUSION Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, articles were coded based on the following inclusion criteria: (a) sample participants had a history of childhood trauma; (b) studies included one of the four instruments of trait resilience; (c) studies included measures of individual outcomes of depression; (d) studies were published in peer-reviewed journals, dissertations, book chapters since 2009, or provided by leading scholars who had yet to publish their data; (e) all manuscripts were written in English; and (f) studies included the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r) for the effect size. CRITERIA FOR REVIEW We systematically coded for the following items for each study: year of publication, type of report, peer-reviewed, funding, sampling strategy, sample size, gender, mean age, country of study, measure of resilience, measure depression, and measure of childhood trauma. MAJOR FINDINGS The pooled correlations indicate that trauma, resilience, and depression are significantly associated. There were no significant differences in symptoms of depression for high versus low reports of resilience for individuals with a history of trauma. Year of publication was a significant moderator for the associations between trauma, resilience, and depression. Resilience significantly mediated the association between trauma and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Watters
- Department of Psychological and Quantitative Foundations, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Ariel M Aloe
- Department of Psychological and Quantitative Foundations, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Armeda S Wojciak
- Department of Family Social Sciences, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
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16
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Magesh V, Sundramoorthy AK, Ganapathy D, Atchudan R, Arya S, Alshgari RA, Aljuwayid AM. Palladium Hydroxide (Pearlman's Catalyst) Doped MXene (Ti 3C 2Tx) Composite Modified Electrode for Selective Detection of Nicotine in Human Sweat. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:bios13010054. [PMID: 36671889 PMCID: PMC9856038 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of nicotine (40 to 60 mg) are more dangerous for adults who weigh about 70 kg. Herein, we developed an electrochemical transducer using an MXene (Ti3C2Tx)/palladium hydroxide-supported carbon (Pearlman's catalyst) composite (MXene/Pd(OH)2/C) for the identification of nicotine levels in human sweat. Firstly, the MXene was doped with Pd(OH)2/C (PHC) by mechanical grinding followed by an ultrasonication process to obtain the MXene/PHC composite. Secondly, XRD, Raman, FE-SEM, EDS and E-mapping analysis were utilized to confirm the successful formation of MXene/PHC composite. Using MXene/PHC composite dispersion, an MXene/PHC composite-modified glassy carbon electrode (MXene/PHC/GCE) was prepared, which showed high sensitivity as well as selectivity towards nicotine (300 µM NIC) oxidation in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4) by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry. The MXene/PHC/GCE had reduced the over potential of nicotine oxidation (about 200 mV) and also enhanced the oxidation peak current (8.9 µA) compared to bare/GCE (2.1 µA) and MXene/GCE (5.5 µA). Moreover, the optimized experimental condition was used for the quantification of NIC from 0.25 µM to 37.5 µM. The limit of detection (LOD) and sensitivity were 27 nM and 0.286 µA µM-1 cm2, respectively. The MXene/PHC/GCE was also tested in the presence of Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, ascorbic acid, dopamine and glucose. These molecules were not interfered during NIC analysis, which indicated the good selectivity of the MXene/PHC/GCE sensor. In addition, electrochemical determination of NIC was successfully carried out in the human sweat samples collected from a tobacco smoker. The recovery percentage of NIC in the sweat sample was 97%. Finally, we concluded that the MXene/PHC composite-based sensor can be prepared for the accurate determination of NIC with high sensitivity, selectivity and stability in human sweat samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanth Magesh
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashok K. Sundramoorthy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhanraj Ganapathy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raji Atchudan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sandeep Arya
- Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Razan A. Alshgari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Muteb Aljuwayid
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Rojas Perez OF, Sanchez SE, Cruz V, Sánchez E, Levey E, Gelaye B. Comparative Performance of the Resilience Inventory (IRES) and Resilience Scale-14 (RS-14) Spanish Versions Among Postpartum Adolescent Mothers. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:1069-1080. [PMID: 36439676 PMCID: PMC9684388 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We sought to evaluate the psychometric properties of two resilience scales; the Resilience Inventory (IRES) and the 14-item Resilience Scale (RS-14) among Peruvian postpartum adolescent mothers. This cross-sectional study included 785 adolescent mothers who delivered at a maternity hospital in Lima, Peru. The Spanish versions of IRES and RS-14 were used to evaluate the properties of the measures. We examined reliability using Cronbach's alpha. We used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the construct validity and factor structures of the two scales. Both scales had good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha > 0.7). Correlation between IRES and RS-14 scores was fair (r = 0.53). The EFA results of both scales yielded a three-factor structure. EFA including all items from IRES and RS-14 yielded a six-factor structure. CFA results corroborated the original seven-factor structure for IRES and yielded measures indicating a good level of goodness of fit (comparative fit index of 0.93) and accuracy (root mean square error of approximation of 0.07). Overall, Spanish language versions of both the IRES and the RS-14 are reliable and valid scales for assessing resilience among Peruvian postpartum adolescent mothers. Additional research is needed to integrate culturally-specific traits into resilience measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sixto E. Sanchez
- Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
- Asociación Civil PROESA, Lima, Peru
| | - Victor Cruz
- Peruvian National Institute of Mental Health, Honorio Delgado – Hideyo Noguchi, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Elizabeth Levey
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Bizu Gelaye
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
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18
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Zhao Z, Zhao S, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Chen C. Effects of Physical Exercise on Mobile Phone Addiction in College Students: The Chain Mediation Effect of Psychological Resilience and Perceived Stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15679. [PMID: 36497752 PMCID: PMC9738933 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Smartphones have become an integral part of people's daily lives. While bringing convenience, mobile phone addiction caused by overuse of smart phones has become a common phenomenon among college students. The current study aimed to examine the serial mediating role of psychological resilience and perceived stress between physical exercise and mobile phone addiction of college students. Using the PARS-3 scale, CD-RISC-10 scale, PSS-10 scale, and MPA scale, 257 college students were investigated and Structural Equation Model (SEM) was conducted. The results show that: (1) Physical exercise has no significant direct impact on mobile phone addiction. (2) Psychological resilience has a significant mediating effect between physical exercise and mobile phone addiction. But perceived stress does not. (3) Psychological resilience and perceived stress play a chain mediation role. Physical exercise can enhance psychological resilience firstly, thus relieving perceived stress and eventually mitigating mobile phone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Zhao
- Business School of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- College of Industry and Commerce, Shandong Management University, Jinan 250357, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Management, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- Business School of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chunchun Chen
- School of Management, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101, China
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19
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Myntti WW, Armstrong SB. Bouncing back from COVID-19: The role of resilience in depression, substance use, and loneliness in college students amidst the pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36328785 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2135377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the influence of specific COVID-19 impacts on college student depression, loneliness, and alcohol and cannabis use, and to investigate if resilience moderates these relationships. Participants: Data were collected from students (N = 1849, 80.9% white, 66.6% female) at a midwestern university during the 2021 winter/spring semester. Methods: Data were gathered cross-sectionally through an online survey platform. COVID-19 impacts and resilience's relationships with mental health variables were analyzed with multiple regression analysis. Moderation analyses were conducted using PROCESS. Results: The COVID-19 impacts measured in this study were significantly related to student depression and cannabis use. Resilience moderated the association between COVID-19 impacts and (a) depression and (b) cannabis use. Conclusion: Resilience may mitigate the effect of pandemic-related impacts on depression and cannabis use in college students, but not loneliness and alcohol use. These findings hold important implications for further research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warner W Myntti
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Stacey B Armstrong
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, Michigan, USA
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20
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Broadbent E, Miller JR, Cheung A, Rollins EM, Novilla LKB, Downing MS, Crandall A. Concurrent Childhood Experiences Impact Underage Substance Use. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2022; 27:605-614. [PMID: 33896222 DOI: 10.1177/10775595211012480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adverse and advantageous childhood experiences (ACEs and counter-ACEs) during adolescence are understudied. This study examined how childhood experiences affect youth tobacco/alcohol use. Participants included 489 U.S. adolescents (baseline 10-13 years; 51% female) from the first five waves of the Flourishing Families Project. Results of the cross-lagged model showed ACEs were predictive of early tobacco use only. Counter-ACEs in wave two and wave three predicted, respectively, decreased tobacco and decreased alcohol use in the following wave. Counter-ACEs were also correlated with reduced alcohol and tobacco use in later waves. These findings indicate the salience of counter-ACEs over ACEs in persistent and late adolescent substance use, though ACEs may be important to consider to prevent very early initiation of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Broadbent
- Department of Public Health, 6756Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jacob Read Miller
- Department of Public Health, 6756Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Aaron Cheung
- Department of Public Health, 6756Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | - AliceAnn Crandall
- Department of Public Health, 6756Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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21
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Picci G, Linden-Carmichael AN, Rose EJ. Resilience profiles predict polysubstance use in adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment. ADDICTION RESEARCH & THEORY 2022; 31:137-147. [PMID: 36935733 PMCID: PMC10021075 DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2132237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Childhood maltreatment (CM) can be an impediment to normative development and consistently predicts increased risk for substance misuse and polysubstance use (polySU). Yet, a subset of individuals who experience CM exhibit successful adaptations across the lifespan. Although there is an expansive literature on socioemotional and cognitive protective factors that mitigate impacts of CM, less is known about other, intra-individual resilience-promoting factors (e.g., positive future orientation) known to assuage high-risk SU patterns during adolescence. Method This study examined heterogeneity in individual-level resilience characteristics in maltreated youth as it related to CM characteristics and SU patterns during adolescence. Participants included maltreated youth from the longitudinal LONGSCAN sample (N=355; 181 females). Latent Profile Analysis was used to identify subgroups of CM-exposed individuals based on 5 resilience indicator variables (i.e., commitment to goals, engaging in demanding activities, self-reliance, positive future orientation, and externalizing behaviors). Tests for differences in SU patterns and CM characteristics between the resultant profiles were performed. Results Data models revealed 3 latent profiles based on participants' resilience traits (i.e., Low Resilience, Average Resilience, and High Resilience). There were no profile differences on the basis of CM characteristics. Those in the High Resilience profile were less likely to engage in polySU compared to the Average Resilience profile. Implications These findings highlight the promise of individual-level resilience factors that are not necessarily dependent upon caregiver or environmental inputs as protective against polySU following CM. This work represents a promising avenue for future preventative intervention efforts targeting emergent SU behaviors in high-risk youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Picci
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Ashley N. Linden-Carmichael
- The Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Emma J. Rose
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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22
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Ho TTQ, Nguyen BTN, Nguyen NPH. Academic stress and depression among vietnamese adolescents: a moderated mediation model of life satisfaction and resilience. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-11. [PMID: 36277264 PMCID: PMC9574843 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Academic stress is rising among high school students, especially in light of the Covid-19 pandemic, such as social distancing, long-term online learning, and lack of social support. Many studies have also shown that students with high levels of academic stress have a higher risk of depression. However, very few researchers are interested in studying life satisfaction as a moderate factor for the indirect relationship between academic stress and depression. This study investigated whether life satisfaction factors moderate the indirect effect of academic stress on the depressive disorder in Vietnam adolescents. Participants include 1336 Vietnamese adolescents. Participants completed the Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory-II. Moderated mediation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro to investigate the relationship among variables. In the relationship between academic stress and depressive disorder in Vietnamese adolescents, resilience is partly mediated; life satisfaction significantly moderated the indirect effect of academic stress on depressive disorder. This study suggests that depressive disorders prevention and intervention practices for adolescents need to consider enhancing resilience and life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Truc Quynh Ho
- Department of Psychology and Education, University of Education, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Be Thi Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Psychology and Education, University of Education, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
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23
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Flourishing mental health among adults with child welfare contact during childhood: Findings from a nationally representative Canadian survey. Psychiatry Res 2022; 316:114660. [PMID: 35715251 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence of and factors associated with complete mental health (CMH) among a nationally representative sample of Canadians who had contact with child welfare services before age 16. CMH was defined as (1) the absence of suicidality, mental illness, and substance abuse or dependence in the preceding year; (2) happiness or life satisfaction almost every day in the preceding month, and; (3) social and psychological well-being almost every day in the preceding month. Data came from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey - Mental Health. A subsample of 732 adults with child welfare contact during childhood was analyzed using bivariate chi-square analyses and multivariate logistic regression models. Overall, 63.5% of adults with child welfare contact during childhood were in CMH. Those with a post-secondary degree, who were married, who had a confidant, and who used religion or spirituality to cope with daily challenges were more likely to be in CMH. The odds of CMH were higher among those without chronic pain, functional limitations, and a history of depression, anxiety, or substance abuse or dependence. The results of this study indicate significant resiliency among adults following contact with child welfare services during childhood. Implications for appropriate interventions are discussed.
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24
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Modifiable Resources and Resilience in Racially and Ethnically Diverse Older Women: Implications for Health Outcomes and Interventions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127089. [PMID: 35742334 PMCID: PMC9223074 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Resilience—which we define as the “ability to bounce back from stress”—can foster successful aging among older, racially and ethnically diverse women. This study investigated the association between psychological resilience in the Women’s Health Initiative Extension Study (WHI-ES) and three constructs defined by Staudinger’s 2015 model of resilience and aging: (1) perceived stress, (2) non-psychological resources, and (3) psychological resources. We further examined whether the relationship between resilience and key resources differed by race/ethnicity. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis on 77,395 women aged 62+ (4475 Black or African American; 69,448 non-Hispanic White; 1891 Hispanic/Latina; and 1581 Asian or Pacific Islanders) who enrolled in the WHI-ES, which was conducted in the United States. Participants completed a short version of the Brief Resilience Scale one-time in 2011. Guided by Staudinger’s model, we used linear regression analysis to examine the relationships between resilience and resources, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and stressful life events. To identify the most significant associations, we applied elastic net regularization to our linear regression models. Findings: On average, women who reported higher resilience were younger, had fewer stressful life events, and reported access to more resources. Black or African American women reported the highest resilience, followed by Hispanic/Latina, non-Hispanic White, and Asian or Pacific Islander women. The most important resilience-related resources were psychological, including control of beliefs, energy, personal growth, mild-to-no forgetfulness, and experiencing a sense of purpose. Race/ethnicity significantly modified the relationship between resilience and energy (overall interaction p = 0.0017). Conclusion: Increasing resilience among older women may require culturally informed stress reduction techniques and resource-building strategies, including empowerment to control the important things in life and exercises to boost energy levels.
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Brown S, Fite PJ, Bortolato M. The mediating role of impulsivity in the associations between child maltreatment types and past month substance use. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 128:105591. [PMID: 35306342 PMCID: PMC9119917 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment has emerged as an important risk factor for substance use. However, despite evidence consistently demonstrating that substance use peaks during emerging adulthood, less is known about the specificity of maltreatment effects on substance use during this critical developmental period. Further, the factors that might play a role in these associations are not well understood. OBJECTIVE The current study examined the associations between child maltreatment types (i.e., physical abuse, physical neglect, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and emotional neglect) and past month marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco use among emerging adults, and tested whether impulsivity accounted for these associations. METHODS Participants were 500 emerging adults ranging in age between 18 and 25 years old (M = 18.96, SD = 1.22, 49.6% male) recruited from a large, public university in the Midwest United States. RESULTS Tests of indirect effects suggested that impulsivity accounted for associations between emotional abuse and past month marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS Current findings provide support for impulsivity as a mechanism linking childhood emotional abuse to substance use among emerging adults, highlighting the need for targeted screening and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaquanna Brown
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA; Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, 2009 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Paula J Fite
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA; Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, 2009 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, 2009 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Foley JD, Stanton AM, Shepard C, Morris J, O'Cleirigh C, Potter J, Batchelder AW. Discrimination experiences, resilience, and cardiovascular disease risk factors among sexual minority women. J Behav Med 2022; 45:461-471. [PMID: 35503193 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Resilience, or the process of adapting to adversity, may protect against the harmful effects of minority-related stressors on the cardiovascular health of sexual minority women (SMW). An online survey was conducted in a sample of cisgender, non-heterosexual women to evaluate resilience as a moderator of the association between discrimination experiences and key cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors: stress, tobacco-smoking, hazardous alcohol consumption, poor diet quality, physical inactivity, and sedentary behaviors. Overall, 191 women (mean age = 29.34, SD = 6.92; 84.5% White) completed the survey and met eligibility to be included in the data analysis. White race (b = - 6.71, SE = 2.49) and education (b = - 3.36, SE = 0.56) were each independently associated with fewer discrimination experiences. Latinx ethnicity was associated with more discrimination experiences (b = 9.34, SE = 2.61). Education was associated with greater resilience (b = 4.57, SE = 0.83). Multivariable regression models were adjusted for race, ethnicity, and education. Discrimination was associated with a higher likelihood of smoking in the past month (b = 0.04, SE = 0.02) and drinking at hazardous levels (b = 0.09, SE = 0.02). Resilience was associated with less stress (b = - 0.15, SE = 0.02), a lower likelihood of hazardous alcohol consumption (b = - 0.02, SE = 0.01) and less time spent engaging in sedentary behaviors (b = - 0.02, SE = 0.01). One moderation emerged, such that discrimination was negatively associated with stress for those low in resilience (b = - 1.75, SE = 0.58), and not associated with stress for those high in resilience. These findings may inform the development of CVD-risk reduction interventions for SMW, which could include both strategies to mitigate the effects of discrimination on substance use and coping skills to promote resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn D Foley
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, One Bowdoin Square, Suite 701, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Amelia M Stanton
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | | | - Conall O'Cleirigh
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, USA
| | | | - Abigail W Batchelder
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, USA
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Gatti M, Palumbo R, Di Domenico A, Mammarella N. Affective health and countermeasures in long-duration space exploration. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09414. [PMID: 35607498 PMCID: PMC9123223 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Space research is shifting attention toward interplanetary expeditions. Therefore, whether long-duration spaceflight may influence affective health is becoming an urgent issue. Method To this end, we undertook a literature search and reviewed several behavioral simulation studies on Earth that focused on affective components in space. We concluded with studies showing how spaceflight can impact on affective health of astronauts with a positively laden trajectory. Results By analyzing the multifaceted theoretical concept of affective health, we show that there is a variety of affective states (e.g., stress, coping, adaptation, and resilience) that can be differently affected by spaceflight. Conclusions Countermeasures geared toward promoting positive emotions could play a key role in positive adaptation to extreme environments and thus during long-duration space missions may benefit. Subjective resilience plays a mediating role in adaptation, but its definition needs to be deepened in order to develop robust countermeasures that may prevent the onset of emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Gatti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, University of Chieti, Italy
| | - Rocco Palumbo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, University of Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Domenico
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, University of Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicola Mammarella
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, University of Chieti, Italy
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Song HY, Kim JH. Smartphone Use Type, Fear of Missing Out, Social Support, and Smartphone Screen Time Among Adolescents in Korea: Interactive Effects. Front Public Health 2022; 10:822741. [PMID: 35372183 PMCID: PMC8965802 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.822741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine the relationship between intrapersonal factors, interpersonal factors, smartphone screen time, and the moderating roles of interpersonal factors, on the basis of the ecological model. This study is a cross-sectional and descriptive study. A total of 428 participants from four public middle schools were selected through convenience sampling (55.1% female; Mean age 13.0 ± 0.78). Data were collected through self-report questionnaires that contained questions about sociodemographic characteristics, intrapersonal factors (types of smartphone use, Fear of missing out—FoMO), interpersonal factors (support from parents, teachers, and peers), and smartphone screen time. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression. The daily smartphone screen time was 4.05 ± 2.16 h. Results showed that social media (β = 0.155), games (β = 0.140), and FoMO (β = 0.227) were positively associated with smartphone screen time, while educational videos (β = −0.130) and parental support (β = −0.212) were negatively associated with smartphone screen time. Peers support moderated the association between games and smartphone screen time. Parental support moderated the association between educational videos, videos/movies/TV, and smartphone screen time. The findings highlight the direct and interactive roles of intrapersonal and interpersonal factors in predicting adolescents' smartphone screen time. Based on this study, the intrapersonal and interpersonal factors of adolescents should be comprehensively considered to intervene in their proper smartphone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Song
- College of Nursing, Woosuk University, Chonbuk, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Kim
- College of Nursing, Woosuk University, Chonbuk, South Korea
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Nishimi KM, Koenen KC, Coull BA, Kubzansky LD. Association of Psychological Resilience With Healthy Lifestyle and Body Weight in Young Adulthood. J Adolesc Health 2022; 70:258-266. [PMID: 34521575 PMCID: PMC8792157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood adversity is associated with adverse health outcomes, in part owing to its effects on healthy lifestyle. We examined whether psychological resilience to adversity may promote healthier behaviors and body weight in young adulthood. METHODS Data are from the Growing Up Today Study, a longitudinal cohort of young adults (n = 3,767) who are children of participants of the Nurses' Health Study II, a separate longitudinal cohort. After characterizing psychological resilience as per levels of adversity exposure before the age of 18 years and young adult psychological health (defined by a composite of low psychological distress and high positive affect), we derived a categorical measure by cross-classifying adversity (exposed vs. unexposed) and psychological health (high vs. lower). We considered five outcomes self-reported at baseline (2010) and five years later: healthy body weight and four healthy lifestyle components including being a nonsmoker, moderate alcohol consumption, regular physical activity, and healthy diet. Poisson regression models evaluated associations of each outcome with psychological resilience, comparing psychologically resilient individuals with those who were not resilient or who were unexposed to adversity, adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS We did not identify differences between psychologically resilient individuals and those unexposed to adversity who were psychologically healthy with respect to meeting recommendations for most healthy lifestyle components and associations were largely stable over time. Across most outcomes, nonresilient individuals were less likely to be healthy relative to resilient individuals. CONCLUSIONS Psychological resilience may disrupt negative effects of childhood adversity on having a healthy lifestyle in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Nishimi
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, , San Francisco, California; Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Variables protecting mental health in the Spanish population affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 41:5640-5651. [PMID: 33106742 PMCID: PMC7578437 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic produced by COVID-19 can lead the population to suffer serious psychological disorders. However, there are several psychosocial variables that can enhance resilient outcomes in adverse situations. The aim would be to establish the level of resilience of the general Spanish population exposed to a traumatic situation by the COVID-19 in order to identify which protective factors predict resilient outcomes. 1227 homebound people (863-70.3% women), aged 18-73 years (M = 28.10; SD = 12.88) reported on sociodemographic and psychological variables such as optimism, hope, self-efficacy and post-traumatic growth. Having a higher academic level (β = .47; CI (95%) = .11-.34; p < .01), being autonomous (β = .29; CI (95%) = 0.1-.09; p < .01), along with self-efficacy (β = .42; CI (95%) = .71-92; p < .01) and to a lesser extent optimism (β = .31; CI (95%) = .63-.84; p < .01) would be the predictive variables of a resilient outcome. A high level of statistical power (1-β = 1) and effect size (f2 = 19.2) is observed. The Spanish population exposed to confinement presents high levels of resilience, but no relevant post-traumatic growth has taken place. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-020-01132-1.
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Firat M, Demir Gökmen B, Karakurt P. An investigation of smoking habits and mental well-being in healthcare personnel during COVID-19. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:108-113. [PMID: 33931894 PMCID: PMC8242534 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to the smoking levels of the healthcare personnel (n = 761) in Turkey, the changes in their smoking levels, and their mental well-being levels. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were collected via social networks from various cities in Turkey using a personal information form, the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence, the Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale. FINDINGS Their mean nicotine dependence score was 3.50 ± 2.57 and mental well-being score was 25.01 ± 5.44. The frequency of smoking during the pandemic was increased in 22.4% of the participants and was the same as that before the pandemic in 57.4% of the smokers. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS It is an introductory study of the current situation for healthcare professionals and researchers. It suggests protecting mental well-being and reducing smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Firat
- Department of Nursing, Mental Health and Psychiatry Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Burcu Demir Gökmen
- Department of Nursing, Mental Health and Psychiatry Nursing, Health High School, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Papatya Karakurt
- Department of Nursing, Mental Health and Psychiatry Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey.,Department of Nursing, Fundamental of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
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Tudehope L, Lee P, Wiseman N, Dwirahmadi F, Sofija E. The effect of resilience on the relationship between perceived stress and change in alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic in Queensland, Australia. J Health Psychol 2021; 27:2696-2713. [PMID: 34886691 DOI: 10.1177/13591053211062351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased levels of stress and alcohol consumption. This study examined the effect of resilience on the relationship between stress and changes in alcohol consumption in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020. A cross-sectional survey of 502 adults in Queensland, Australia (mean age = 45.68 (16.61)), found 23.9% of individuals had increased their alcohol consumption since the start of the pandemic. Regression modelling demonstrated a significant association between perceived stress and change in alcohol consumption. The study also revealed resilience was a moderating factor, where high levels of resilience buffered against increases in alcohol consumption associated with stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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GAMSIZKAN Z, KAYA A, SUNGUR MA, TUNCEL MC, ÖZDEMİR F, ÇINAR AD. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Smoking. KONURALP TIP DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.18521/ktd.973971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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34
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Wang W, Mehmood A, Li P, Yang Z, Niu J, Chu H, Qiao Z, Qiu X, Zhou J, Yang Y, Yang X. Perceived Stress and Smartphone Addiction in Medical College Students: The Mediating Role of Negative Emotions and the Moderating Role of Psychological Capital. Front Psychol 2021; 12:660234. [PMID: 34366978 PMCID: PMC8336678 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.660234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many studies have confirmed the existence of an extremely close relationship between smartphone addiction and perceived stress. However, the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying the association between perceived stress and smartphone addiction in medical college students remain largely unexplored. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed among a total of 769 medical college students in Heilongjiang Province, China. Participants completed measures of perceived stress, smartphone addiction, negative emotions, and psychological capital. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to test the correlations between variables. The analysis of a moderated mediation model was performed using Hayes's PROCESS macro. Results: Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that perceived stress (r = 0.18, p < 0.01) and negative emotions (r = 0.31, p < 0.01) were positively correlated with smartphone addiction, and psychological capital was negatively correlated with smartphone addiction (r = -0.29, p < 0.01). The moderated mediation analysis indicated that negative emotions partially mediated the association between perceived stress and smartphone addiction [mediation effect accounted for 33.3%, SE = 0.10, 95% CI = (0.10, 0.24)], and the first stage of the mediation process was significantly moderated by psychological capital [moderated mediation = -0.01, SE = 0.01, 95% CI = (-0.01, -0.00)]. Conclusion: Negative emotions play a mediating role between perceived stress and smartphone addiction, and psychological capital plays an important moderating role in the first stage of the mediation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanjie Yang
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuxian Yang
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Yoon S, Howell K, Dillard R, Shockley McCarthy K, Rae Napier T, Pei F. Resilience Following Child Maltreatment: Definitional Considerations and Developmental Variations. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2021; 22:541-559. [PMID: 31405362 DOI: 10.1177/1524838019869094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Resilience following childhood maltreatment has received substantial empirical attention, with the number of studies on this construct growing exponentially in the past decade. While there is ample interest, inconsistencies remain about how to conceptualize and assess resilience. Further, there is a lack of consensus on how developmental stage influences resilience and how protective factors affect its expression. The current systematic review uses a developmental lens to synthesize findings on resilience following child maltreatment. Specifically, this article consolidates the body of empirical literature in a developmentally oriented review, with the intention of inclusively assessing three key areas-the conceptualization of resilience, assessment of resilience, and factors associated with resilience in maltreatment research. A total of 67 peer-reviewed, quantitative empirical articles that examined child maltreatment and resilience were included in this review. Results indicate that some inconsistencies in the literature may be addressed by utilizing a developmental lens and considering the individual's life stage when selecting a definition of resilience and associated measurement tool. The findings also support developmental variations in factors associated with resilience, with different individual, relational, and community protective factors emerging based on life stage. Implications for practice, policy, and research are incorporated throughout this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kathryn Howell
- Department of Psychology, 5415The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca Dillard
- College of Social Work, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Taylor Rae Napier
- Department of Psychology, 5415The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Fei Pei
- College of Social Work, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Muniandy M, Richdale AL, Arnold SRC, Trollor JN, Lawson LP. Inter-relationships between trait resilience, coping strategies, and mental health outcomes in autistic adults. Autism Res 2021; 14:2156-2168. [PMID: 34184818 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Resilience has been depicted as a key characteristic in the promotion of mental health in the face of stress and adversity. Despite high levels of stress encountered in the autistic population, resilience studies remain scarce. Using data from an Australian longitudinal adult study, this study explored the inter-relationships between trait resilience, coping, and mental health in a sample of autistic adults (N = 78). In particular, we examined the relationship between resilience and use of coping strategies, and the potential mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between resilience and mental health outcomes. Our findings suggested that increased use of engagement coping (e.g., problem-solving, positive appraisal) and decreased use of disengagement coping (e.g., self-blame, being in denial) strategies were associated with higher levels of resilience. Further, mediation analysis results suggest that disengagement coping mediated the associations between resilience and all three mental health outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, and well-being), while engagement coping strategies mediated the relationship between resilience and well-being only. Our results illustrate that coping strategies may be an important mechanism in explaining the resilience-mental health relationship in autistic adults, highlighting the importance of considering stress-related constructs together (i.e., trait resilience and coping) when addressing support and intervention options for mental health difficulties in the autistic adult population. LAY SUMMARY: This research explored how resilience and coping strategies influence the mental health and well-being of autistic adults. We found that resilient autistic adults used more engagement coping strategies, less disengagement coping strategies, and reported better mental health and well-being. Considering stress-related factors together (i.e., resilience and coping) offers a novel perspective to mental health difficulties in autistic adults and may be a vital step in the development of support options in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Muniandy
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda L Richdale
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samuel R C Arnold
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry (3DN), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry (3DN), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lauren P Lawson
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Song HY, Yang SJ. Factors Associated with Smoking Behaviors in Out-of-School Youth: Based on an Ecological Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6380. [PMID: 34204696 PMCID: PMC8296201 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between smoking behavior in out-of-school youths (OSY) and individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors through an ecological model. METHODS Participants were 297 OSY aged 13-18 years, who visited J area's counseling center. The independent variables were self-control (intrapersonal factor), parental attachment and social network (interpersonal factors), and exposure to no-smoking policy (community factor). The dependent variable was smoking. Descriptive statistics, χ2-tests, correlation analyses, and logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS The predictors of smoking in OSY were analyzed using demographic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community factors. Period after discontinuation of school, self-control, parental attachment, and friends' smoking behavior were significant predictors. Smoking behavior was found to decrease when the period after discontinuation of school was over than one year, when the parents attachment increased and when self-control increased. Conversely, smoking increased when friends' smoking increased. CONCLUSIONS When administering smoking prevention programs for OSY, parental attachment and psychological traits, such as self-control, should be taken into consideration. Therefore, for effective results, such programs need to strengthen self-control, stress the importance of parental attachment through parent education, and enroll adolescents along with their friends who smoke. Implications and Contribution: Based on an ecological model, this descriptive survey, conducted to investigate the association between smoking behavior among out-of-school youths and individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors, proposes that smoking prevention programs should consider parental attachment and psychological traits, including self-control, for optimal effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Song
- Department of Nursing, Woosuk University, Jeonbuk 55338, Korea;
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Sook-Ja Yang
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Romm KF, Patterson B, Crawford ND, Posner H, West CD, Wedding D, Horn K, Berg CJ. Changes in young adult substance use during COVID-19 as a function of ACEs, depression, prior substance use and resilience. Subst Abus 2021; 43:212-221. [PMID: 34086537 PMCID: PMC10920401 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2021.1930629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Given the potential for increased substance use during COVID-19, we examined (1) young adults' changes in cigarette, e-cigarette, marijuana, and alcohol use from pre- to during COVID-19; and (2) related risk/protective factors. These findings could inform intervention efforts aimed at curbing increases in substance use during periods of societal stress. Methods: We analyzed Wave 3 (W3; September-December 2019) and Wave 4 (W4; March-May 2020) from the Vape shop Advertising, Place characteristics and Effects Surveillance (VAPES), a 2-year, five-wave longitudinal study of young adults across six metropolitan areas. We examined risk/protective factors (i.e. adverse childhood experiences [ACEs], depressive symptoms, resilience) in relation to changes in past 30-day substance use frequency. Results: In this sample (N = 1084, Mage=24.76, SD = 4.70; 51.8% female; 73.6% White; 12.5% Hispanic), W3/W4 past 30-day use prevalence was: 29.1% cigarettes (19.4% increased/26.4% decreased), 36.5% e-cigarettes (23.2% increased/28.6% decreased), 49.4% marijuana (27.2% increased/21.2% decreased), and 84.8% alcohol (32.9% increased/20.7% decreased). Multivariate regressions indicated that, greater increases were predicted by: for e-cigarettes, greater ACEs; and for alcohol, greater depression. Among those with low resilience, predictors included: for e-cigarettes, greater depression; and for marijuana, greater ACEs. Conclusions: Interventions to reduce substance use during societal stressors should target both risk and protective factors, particularly resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn F Romm
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brooke Patterson
- Department of Global Health, Design, Monitoring & Evaluation Program, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Natalie D Crawford
- Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Heather Posner
- Department of Global Health, Global Health Epidemiology and Disease Control Program, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carly D West
- Department of Global Health, Global Health Epidemiology and Disease Control Program, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - DeEnna Wedding
- Department of Epidemiology, Epidemiology Program, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kimberly Horn
- Carilion Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Carla J Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Accoto A, Chiarella SG, Raffone A, Montano A, de Marco A, Mainiero F, Rubbino R, Valzania A, Conversi D. Beneficial Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Training on the Well-Being of a Female Sample during the First Total Lockdown Due to COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5512. [PMID: 34063864 PMCID: PMC8196575 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by COVID-19 and the subsequent lockdown have been widely recognized as traumatic events that pose threats to psychological well-being. Recent studies reported that during such traumatic events, women tend to be at greater risk than men for developing symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression. Several studies reported that a mindfulness-based stress reduction protocol (MBSR) provides useful skills for dealing with traumatic events. In our study, a sample of Italian females received an 8-week MBSR course plus 6 weeks of video support for meditation practice during the first total lockdown in Italy. We assessed the participants with questionnaires before and after this period to investigate their mindfulness skills, psychological well-being, post-traumatic growth, and psychological flexibility. After the intervention, the meditators group reported improvement in measures associated with self-acceptance, purpose in life, and relation to others compared to the control group. Furthermore, our results showed that participants with greater mindfulness scores showed high levels of psychological flexibility, which in turn was positively associated with higher levels of psychological well-being. We concluded that the MBSR could support psychological well-being, at least in female subjects, even during an unpredictable adverse event, such as the COVID-19 lockdown, by reinforcing key psychological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Accoto
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (S.G.C.); (A.R.); (A.d.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Salvatore Gaetano Chiarella
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (S.G.C.); (A.R.); (A.d.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Antonino Raffone
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (S.G.C.); (A.R.); (A.d.M.); (F.M.)
- School of Buddhist Studies, Philosophy and Comparative Religions, Nalanda University, Rajgir 803116, India
| | | | - Adriano de Marco
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (S.G.C.); (A.R.); (A.d.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesco Mainiero
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (S.G.C.); (A.R.); (A.d.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Roberta Rubbino
- A.T. Beck Institute, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (R.R.); (A.V.)
| | | | - David Conversi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (S.G.C.); (A.R.); (A.d.M.); (F.M.)
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Levey EJ, Rondon MB, Sanchez S, Williams MA, Gelaye B. Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the 10-item Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) among adolescent mothers in Peru. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2021; 14:29-40. [PMID: 33708280 PMCID: PMC7900368 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-019-00295-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research is to assess the psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in order to contribute to the literature identifying validated resilience measures in low-resource settings where individuals face significant adversity. This cross-sectional study included 789 adolescent mothers who delivered at a maternity hospital in Lima, Peru. The Spanish version of the 10-item CD-RISC was used to measure resilience. Internal consistency and construct validity were assessed by evaluating individual item characteristics as well as the association of CD-RISC score with symptoms of depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to test the factorial structure of the CD-RISC. The CD-RISC was found to have good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.85). CD-RISC scores were positively associated with school attendance, financial hardship, and history of childhood abuse; scores were negatively associated with household dysfunction, depression, anxiety and poor sleep quality. The results of the EFA showed that the CD-RISC contained a two-factor solution, which accounted for 46% of the variance. Overall, these findings suggest that the Spanish-language version of the CD-RISC-10 is an adequate measure of resilience in this population. Further research is needed to incorporate culturally-specific constructs into resilience measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Levey
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60608 USA
| | | | - Sixto Sanchez
- Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Bizu Gelaye
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Is psychological resilience a protective factor between motivations and excessive smartphone use? JOURNAL OF PACIFIC RIM PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/prp.2020.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive smartphone use has recently become a topic of interest. Prior studies have suggested that psychological well-being variables and motivations are important predictors of excessive smartphone use. However, few have examined the internal mechanism of these factors in leading to excessive smartphone use. Based on Compensatory Internet Use theory, we investigated the moderating role of psychological resilience between two types of motivation — escapism and social interaction — and excessive smartphone use. Selecting 576 typical smartphone users, we found: (1) Escapism motivation and psychological resilience significantly correlate with excessive smartphone use, whereas social interaction motivation does not; (2) Psychological resilience moderates the relationship between both escapism and social interaction motivation and excessive smartphone use. Our study demonstrates the mechanism of different types of motivation and the protective effect of psychological resilience on excessive smartphone use. Thus, we emphasize resilience training that would help train people to be able to cope with life problems more effectively.
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Who will adapt best in Antarctica? Resilience as mediator between past experiences in Antarctica and present well-being. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Eli B, Zhou Y, Liang Y, Cheng J, Wang J, Huang C, Xuan X, Liu Z. Depression in Children and Adolescents on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Associations with Resilience and Prosocial Behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020440. [PMID: 33429870 PMCID: PMC7826979 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Depression in children and adolescents has become a serious public health problem worldwide. The objectives of this study were twofold: first, to investigate the status of depression among children and adolescents on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the highest plateau in the world, with an average altitude of more than 4200 m (13,776 feet), and second, to examine the associations among prosocial behavior, resilience, and depression. A cross-sectional study was conducted among children and adolescents from Yushu Prefecture on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A total of 11,160 participants aged 10–17 years (Mage = 14.34 years, SD = 1.77; 51.4% girls) were included. Self-reported depression, resilience, and prosocial behavior were assessed. The prevalence of depression was 29.2% in the current study. Higher levels of prosocial behavior were significantly associated with lower levels of depression (β = −0.25, p < 0.001). Furthermore, resilience significantly moderated the relationship between prosocial behavior and depression (β = −0.08, p < 0.001); that is, resilience enhanced the protective role of prosocial behavior in depression. These findings indicate that resilience may play an important role in the associations between prosocial behavior and depression, which suggests that improving resilience is essential for the prevention and intervention of depression among children and adolescents on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buzohre Eli
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.E.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yueyue Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.E.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiming Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.E.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Jiazhou Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.E.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changbing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Xi Xuan
- Department of Law and Politics, Nankai University Binhai College, Tianjin 300270, China;
| | - Zhengkui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.E.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-64871358; Fax: +86-10-64872070
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Zhuo R, Chen Z, Shen X, Yang H, Luo S, Wu Y, Zhu Y, Wu T, Feng Z, Cai H. The Mediating Roles of Impulsiveness and Maladjustment in the Association of Psychological Resilience with Drug Addiction during Isolated Detoxification. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1457-1466. [PMID: 34139949 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1936048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Studies have shown that psychological resilience is a key factor in drug rehabilitation. To explore the feasibility of developing psychological resilience as an addiction treatment intervention, it is essential to explore the role that it plays in drug addiction. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological resilience and drug addiction, as well as to examine the underlying mediational roles of maladjustment and impulsiveness in this association. Methods: We used a cross-sectional design that included a sample of 140 male drug addicts in compulsory isolation centers and used questionnaires and scales to ascertain their level of drug addiction, psychological resilience, maladjustment, impulsiveness, social support, and loneliness. Correlation and mediation effect analyses were performed to determine the roles of impulsiveness and maladjustment in the association of psychological resilience with drug addiction. Results: Psychological resilience was an inverse predictor of drug addiction. The results of the mediation effect analysis showed that maladjustment acted as a mediator between resilience and drug addiction and between impulsiveness and drug addiction. Furthermore, impulsiveness and maladjustment jointly mediated the relationship between psychological resilience and drug addiction. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of psychological resilience in maladjustment and impulsiveness for drug addicts and suggest that the role of psychological resilience in drug addiction needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Zhuo
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhencai Chen
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xunbing Shen
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hechen Yang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuilian Luo
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanqiang Wu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhu
- Nanchang Compulsory Isolated Detoxification Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Tingyun Wu
- Nanchang Compulsory Isolated Detoxification Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenjun Feng
- Nanchang Compulsory Isolated Detoxification Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Hengbin Cai
- Nanchang Compulsory Isolated Detoxification Center, Nanchang, China
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Sheerin CM, Bountress KE, Hicks TA, Lind MJ, Aggen SH, Kendler KS, Amstadter AB. Longitudinal Examination of the Impact of Resilience and Stressful Life Events on Alcohol Use Disorder Outcomes. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1346-1351. [PMID: 34034629 PMCID: PMC8418223 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1922454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Stressful life events (SLEs) are a risk factor for alcohol use problems, and there is a need for identification of factors that may offset this risk. Resilience is uniquely, inversely associated with alcohol use, but there remains a dearth of research examining the buffering effect of resilience toward alcohol use problems in the context of SLEs. Objectives: This study used prospective data from an epidemiological twin sample (N = 7441) to test whether resilience at Time 1 would act as a buffer for new onset SLEs (e.g. assault, marital problems) against risk for alcohol dependence (AD) symptoms at Time 2. Results: The final model, adjusted for familial relatedness and controlling for demographic covariates and Time 1 (lifetime) AD symptoms, identified significant main effects of resilience and SLEs; those with greater resilience at Time 1 reported fewer symptoms (β=-.087, p<.001) and those with greater new-onset SLEs reported greater symptoms (β=.116, p<.001) at Time 2. However, there was no significant interaction (β=-.008, p>.05). Conclusions: Although findings further support the association of resilience and SLEs with AD, results do not support the conceptualization of resilience as a buffer against the impact of future life stressors on alcohol use outcomes. This suggests other factors may be more relevant for understanding protective factors for alcohol use problems or the relation between resilience and SLEs on alcohol use outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Sheerin
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Kaitlin E Bountress
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Terrell A Hicks
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Mackenzie J Lind
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Steven H Aggen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Kothari BH, Blakeslee J, Miller R. Individual and interpersonal factors associated with psychosocial functioning among adolescents in foster care: A scoping review. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2020; 118:105454. [PMID: 34887607 PMCID: PMC8653982 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Risk reduction and strength enhancement are both necessary strategies to improve outcomes for youth in foster care who have experienced adversity. Decades of research have articulated the negative long-term outcomes of youth in foster care, but less is known about youth-level modifiable protective factors that can be nurtured through intervention to improve well-being. This scoping review was conducted to synthesize the state of the science on proximal, modifiable individual and interpersonal factors that are associated with psychosocial well-being among adolescent youth in foster care. Following rigorous and recommended methods, we systematically searched, selected and synthesized 20 years of peer-reviewed literature focused on 13-19 year olds in foster care. 41 peer-reviewed, quantitative studies met specified inclusion criteria and were included in this review. We charted the data and synthesized our findings in consultation with an advisory group of researchers, practitioners, and youth with lived experience. Overall, the review highlighted key categories of individual factors (individual strengths, psychosocial needs, and developmental skills) and interpersonal factors (relationships with peers/siblings, caregiving adults, and caring adults in the community) that can have protective value and are associated with psychosocial functioning for adolescent youth in foster care. Moreover, when youth have their needs met, increase their skills and develop strengths, it often leads to better outcomes as well as more and/or higher quality relationships with important people in their lives. Similarly, when youth develop and maintain quality relationships, those connections often lead to opportunities to advance their skills, strengths and positive outcomes. The results of this review contribute new insights for research, practice, and policy intended to enhance psychosocial well-being for young people in foster care. Findings also highlight specific individual and interpersonal factors that interventionists might consider as potential targeted mechanisms of change when developing programming for this population. Implications are discussed.
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Resilience is associated with importance of quitting in homeless adult smokers. Addict Behav 2020; 110:106515. [PMID: 32652387 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of cigarette smoking in homeless populations is disproportionately high with rates between 57 and 80%. Resilience may affect a smoker's ability to successfully quit smoking. This cross-sectional study examined the association between resilience levels and smoking behaviors in homeless adults. METHOD Fifty-nine homeless adults were recruited from a large multi-service homelessness agency in the northeast United States. Surveys were administered to measure smoking behaviors and resilience. RESULTS Most participants were current smokers (83.1%), with more than half (67.1%) identifying as "moderate smokers" (smoking 10-20 cigarettes per day). Of the current smokers, 93.9% reported smoking daily and 71.4% had tried to quit at least once in their lifetime. The number of quit attempts was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with one's contemplation of quitting (r = 0.29) and how one viewed importance of quitting (r = 0.33). Resilience levels were significantly associated with how participants ranked importance of quitting (r = 0.37). Smokers reported a high desire to quit smoking, but level of confidence in their ability to quit was low. Difficulty in finding stable housing and social support were reported as barriers to quitting. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates an association between importance of quitting and resilience levels in homeless adult smokers. Future work is needed to examine whether resilience is related to successful smoking cessation in homeless adults, and whether resilience levels can be increased with targeted interventions.
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Springfield S, Qin F, Hedlin H, Eaton CB, Rosal MC, Taylor H, Staudinger UM, Stefanick ML. Resilience and CVD-protective Health Behaviors in Older Women: Examining Racial and Ethnic Differences in a Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Women's Health Initiative. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2107. [PMID: 32708626 PMCID: PMC7400950 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the relationship between self-reported psychological resilience (resilience) and health behaviors shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study examines the associations between resilience and CVD-related risk factors, such as diet, smoking, physical activity, sleep, and alcohol consumption among older American women from diverse backgrounds. METHODS A cross-sectional secondary analysis was conducted on 77,395 women (mean age 77 years, Black (N = 4475, 5.8%), non-Hispanic white (N = 69,448, 89.7%), Latina (N = 1891, 2.4%), and Asian or Pacific Islander (N = 1581, 2.0%)) enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Extension Study II. Resilience was measured using an abbreviated version of the brief resilience scale. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between resilience and health behaviors associated with risk for CVD, while adjusting for stressful life events and sociodemographic information. To test whether these associations varied among racial/ethnic groups, an interaction term was added to the fully adjusted models between resilience and race/ethnicity. RESULTS High levels of resilience were associated with better diet quality (top 2 quintiles of the Healthy Eating Index 2015) (OR = 1.22 (95% Confidence Interval (1.15-1.30)), adhering to recommended physical activity (≥ 150 min per week) (1.56 (1.47, 1.66)), sleeping the recommended hours per night (7-9) (1.36 (1.28-1.44)), and moderate alcohol intake (consuming alcoholic drink(s) 1-7 days per week) (1.28 (1.20-1.37)). The observed association between resilience and sleep is modified by race/ethnicity (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Irrespective of race/ethnicity, high resilience was associated with CVD-protective health behaviors. This warrants further investigation into whether interventions aimed at improving resilience could increase the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sparkle Springfield
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Department of Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S N 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - FeiFei Qin
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University, Alto, CA 94304, USA; (F.Q.); (H.H.)
| | - Haley Hedlin
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University, Alto, CA 94304, USA; (F.Q.); (H.H.)
| | - Charles B. Eaton
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Department of Family Medicine School of Public Health Brown, Providence University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Milagros C. Rosal
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Medical School of Massachusetts University, Massachusetts University, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;
| | - Herman Taylor
- Research Wing Room, Morehouse School of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Institute, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA;
| | - Ursula M. Staudinger
- Columbia Aging Center & Department of Socio medical Science, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Marcia L. Stefanick
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Alto, CA 94304, USA;
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Humphreys KL, LeMoult J, Wear JG, Piersiak HA, Lee A, Gotlib IH. Child maltreatment and depression: A meta-analysis of studies using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 102:104361. [PMID: 32062423 PMCID: PMC7081433 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have documented that child maltreatment is associated with adverse long-term consequences for mental health, including increased risk for depression. Attempts to conduct meta-analyses of the association between different forms of child maltreatment and depressive symptomatology in adulthood, however, have been limited by the wide range of definitions of child maltreatment in the literature. OBJECTIVE We sought to meta-analyze a single, widely-used dimensional measure of child maltreatment, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, with respect to depression diagnosis and symptom scores. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 192 unique samples consisting of 68,830 individuals. METHODS We explored the association between total scores and scores from specific forms of child maltreatment (i.e., emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect) and depression using a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS We found that higher child maltreatment scores were associated with a diagnosis of depression (g = 1.07; 95 % CI, 0.95-1.19) and with higher depression symptom scores (Z = .35; 95 % CI, .32-.38). Moreover, although each type of child maltreatment was positively associated with depression diagnosis and scores, there was variability in the size of the effects, with emotional abuse and emotional neglect demonstrating the strongest associations. CONCLUSIONS These analyses provide important evidence of the link between child maltreatment and depression, and highlight the particularly larger association with emotional maltreatment in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John G Wear
- Western University of Health Sciences, United States
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Cui Z, Oshri A, Liu S, Smith EP, Kogan SM. Child Maltreatment and Resilience: The Promotive and Protective Role of Future Orientation. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 49:2075-2089. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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