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Zhang L, El-Shabrawi M, Baur LA, Byrne CD, Targher G, Kehar M, Porta G, Lee WS, Lefere S, Turan S, Alisi A, Weiss R, Faienza MF, Ashraf A, Sundaram SS, Srivastava A, De Bruyne R, Kang Y, Bacopoulou F, Zhou YH, Darma A, Lupsor-Platon M, Hamaguchi M, Misra A, Méndez-Sánchez N, Ng NBH, Marcus C, Staiano AE, Waheed N, Alqahtani SA, Giannini C, Ocama P, Nguyen MH, Arias-Loste MT, Ahmed MR, Sebastiani G, Poovorawan Y, Al Mahtab M, Pericàs JM, Reverbel da Silveira T, Hegyi P, Azaz A, Isa HM, Lertudomphonwanit C, Farrag MI, Nugud AAA, Du HW, Qi KM, Mouane N, Cheng XR, Al Lawati T, Fagundes EDT, Ghazinyan H, Hadjipanayis A, Fan JG, Gimiga N, Kamal NM, Ștefănescu G, Hong L, Diaconescu S, Li M, George J, Zheng MH. An international multidisciplinary consensus on pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. MED 2024:S2666-6340(24)00129-6. [PMID: 38677287 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent in children and adolescents, particularly those with obesity. NAFLD is considered a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome due to its close associations with abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Experts have proposed an alternative terminology, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), to better reflect its pathophysiology. This study aimed to develop consensus statements and recommendations for pediatric MAFLD through collaboration among international experts. METHODS A group of 65 experts from 35 countries and six continents, including pediatricians, hepatologists, and endocrinologists, participated in a consensus development process. The process encompassed various aspects of pediatric MAFLD, including epidemiology, mechanisms, screening, and management. FINDINGS In round 1, we received 65 surveys from 35 countries and analyzed these results, which informed us that 73.3% of respondents agreed with 20 draft statements while 23.8% agreed somewhat. The mean percentage of agreement or somewhat agreement increased to 80.85% and 15.75%, respectively, in round 2. The final statements covered a wide range of topics related to epidemiology, pathophysiology, and strategies for screening and managing pediatric MAFLD. CONCLUSIONS The consensus statements and recommendations developed by an international expert panel serve to optimize clinical outcomes and improve the quality of life for children and adolescents with MAFLD. These findings emphasize the need for standardized approaches in diagnosing and treating pediatric MAFLD. FUNDING This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82070588, 82370577), the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFA1800801), National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-PUMCH-C-014), the Wuxi Taihu Talent Plan (DJTD202106), and the Medical Key Discipline Program of Wuxi Health Commission (ZDXK2021007).
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi Children's Hospital), Wuxi, China
| | - Mortada El-Shabrawi
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Louise A Baur
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Mohit Kehar
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gilda Porta
- Pediatric Hepatology, Transplant Unit, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Hospital Municipal Infantil Menino Jesus, Sau Paulo, Brazil
| | - Way Seah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sander Lefere
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Serap Turan
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Anna Alisi
- Research Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ram Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruth Children's Hospital, Rambam Medical Center and the Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Ambika Ashraf
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shikha S Sundaram
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Liver Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anshu Srivastava
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Ruth De Bruyne
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yunkoo Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair in Adolescent Health Care, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Yong-Hai Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Andy Darma
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Monica Lupsor-Platon
- Department of Medical Imaging, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "Prof. Dr. O. Fodor" Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis-C-DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India; National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India; Diabetes Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation and Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nicholas Beng Hui Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claude Marcus
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Nadia Waheed
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saleh A Alqahtani
- Organ Transplantation Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cosimo Giannini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ponsiano Ocama
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mindie H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Arias-Loste
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Mohamed Rabea Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Jahra Hospital, Kuwait and Department of Pediatrics, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute (NHTMRI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Giada Sebastiani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Centre of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mamun Al Mahtab
- Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Juan M Pericàs
- Liver Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute for Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Peter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Amer Azaz
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hasan M Isa
- Pediatric Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex and Pediatric Department, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Chatmanee Lertudomphonwanit
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mona Issa Farrag
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd Alwahab Nugud
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hong-Wei Du
- Department of Paediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ke-Min Qi
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Nezha Mouane
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Academic Children's Hospital Ibn Sina, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Xin-Ran Cheng
- Department of Paediatric Genetics, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Eleonora D T Fagundes
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Hasmik Ghazinyan
- Department of Hepatology, Nikomed Medical Center, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Jian-Gao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Nicoleta Gimiga
- Clinical Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, "St. Mary" Emergency Children's Hospital, Iași, Romania; Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
| | - Naglaa M Kamal
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Pediatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gabriela Ștefănescu
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
| | - Li Hong
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Smaranda Diaconescu
- Medical-Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University "Titu Maiorescu", Bucuresti, Romania
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Institute of Hepatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.
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Chen L, Wang J, Ren Y, Ma Y, Liu J, Jiang H, Liu C. Artesunate improves glucose and lipid metabolism in db/db mice by regulating the metabolic profile and the MAPK/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155382. [PMID: 38382280 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia. Chronic metabolic abnormalities and long-term hyperglycaemia may result in a wide range of acute and chronic consequences. Previous studies have demonstrated that artesunate(ART) has antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiatherosclerotic, and other beneficial effects, but the specific regulatory mechanism is not completely clear. AIM This study investigated the effects of ART on metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model db/db mice and explored the underlying mechanisms involved. METHODS C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were used to identify the targets and molecular mechanism of ART. Metabolomic methods were used to evaluate the efficacy of ART in improving T2DM-related metabolic disorders. Network pharmacology and transcriptomic sequencing were used to analyse the targets and pathways of ART in T2DM. Finally, molecular biology experiments were performed to verify the key targets and pathways selected by network pharmacology and transcriptomic analyses. RESULTS After a 7-week ART intervention (160 mg/kg), the glucose and lipid metabolism levels of the db/db mice improved. Additionally, the oxidative stress indices, namely, the MDA and SOD levels, significantly improved (p<0.01). Linoleic acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, bile acid synthesis, and purine metabolism disorders in db/db mice were partially corrected after ART treatment. Network pharmacology analysis identified important targets of ART for the treatment of metabolic disorders in T2DM . These targets are involved in key signalling pathways, including the highest scores observed for the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that ART could activate the MAPK signalling pathway and two key gene targets, HGK and GADD45. Immunoblotting revealed that ART increases p-PI3K, p-AKT, Glut2, and IRS1 protein expression and suppresses the phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2, and JNK, returning HGK and GADD45 to their preartesunate levels. CONCLUSION Treatment of db/db mice with 160 mg/kg ART for 7 weeks significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and lipid levels. It also improved metabolic imbalances in amino acids, lipids, purines, and bile acids, thereby improving metabolic disorders. These effects are achieved by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and inhibiting the MAPK pathway, thus demonstrating the efficacy of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chen
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Multiomics and Translational Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Multiomics and Translational Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yanshuang Ren
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Multiomics and Translational Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yujin Ma
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Multiomics and Translational Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Multiomics and Translational Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Multiomics and Translational Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Multiomics and Translational Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
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3
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Keskin M, Avul S, Beyaz A, Koca N. The association of Neuromedin U levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A comparative analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27291. [PMID: 38486771 PMCID: PMC10937677 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive study delves into the potential link between Neuromedin U (NmU) serum levels and the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition of increasing global prevalence and significant public health concern. The research provides a nuanced understanding of the disease's etiology by examining a cohort of 112 participants, including individuals with and without NAFLD. The study meticulously considers a spectrum of variables such as demographic factors, body composition metrics, and blood parameters. Advanced diagnostic tools like Fibroscan® are employed to ascertain NAFLD presence, ensuring accurate and reliable results. The investigation reveals a noteworthy correlation between NAFLD and several risk factors, notably obesity, increased waist and neck circumferences, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance. These findings underscore the multifactorial nature of NAFLD and its intricate connection with metabolic syndromes. Intriguingly, the study observes lower NmU levels in individuals diagnosed with NAFLD. However, the role of NmU as an independent risk factor for NAFLD remains inconclusive, warranting further investigation. Although triglyceride level was observed to be an independent risk factor for NAFLD, this relationship was not associated with NmU. This research contributes significantly to the existing knowledge on NAFLD, highlighting the disease's complexity and the interplay of various risk factors. It also opens up new avenues for future research, particularly in exploring the role of NmU within the metabolic pathways associated with NAFLD. The insights gained from this study could guide the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for NAFLD, addressing a crucial need in contemporary healthcare. In conclusion, the findings of this study not only enhance the understanding of NAFLD's pathophysiology but also emphasize the importance of comprehensive risk factor analysis in the management and prevention of this growing health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Keskin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medicana Private Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sercan Avul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Birecik State Hospital, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Aylin Beyaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagizman State Hospital, Kars, Turkey
| | - Nizameddin Koca
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Faculty of Medicine, Bursa City Training & Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
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Shi Y, Qi W. Histone Modifications in NAFLD: Mechanisms and Potential Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14653. [PMID: 37834101 PMCID: PMC10572202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive condition that encompasses a spectrum of liver disorders, beginning with the simple steatosis, progressing to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and possibly leading to more severe diseases, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In recent years, the prevalence of NAFLD has increased due to a shift towards energy-dense dietary patterns and a sedentary lifestyle. NAFLD is also strongly associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity and hyperlipidemia. The progression of NAFLD could be influenced by a variety of factors, such as diet, genetic factors, and even epigenetic factors. In contrast to genetic factors, epigenetic factors, including histone modifications, exhibit dynamic and reversible features. Therefore, the epigenetic regulation of the initiation and progression of NAFLD is one of the directions under intensive investigation in terms of pathogenic mechanisms and possible therapeutic interventions. This review aims to discuss the possible mechanisms and the crucial role of histone modifications in the framework of epigenetic regulation in NAFLD, which may provide potential therapeutic targets and a scientific basis for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Shi
- Gene Editing Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei Qi
- Gene Editing Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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Papaefthymiou A, Doulberis M, Karafyllidou K, Chatzimichael E, Deretzi G, Exadaktylos AK, Sampsonas F, Gelasakis A, Papamichos SI, Kotronis G, Gialamprinou D, Vardaka E, Polyzos SA, Kountouras J. Effect of spironolactone on pharmacological treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2023; 48:346-359. [PMID: 34669319 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.21.03564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was recently renamed to metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to better characterize its pathogenic origin. NAFLD represents, at least in western societies, a potential epidemic with raising prevalence. Its multifactorial pathogenesis is partially unraveled and till now there is no approved pharmacotherapy for NAFLD. A plethora of various choices are investigated in clinical trials, targeting an arsenal of different pathways and molecules. Since the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) appear to be implicated in NAFLD, within this concise review, we focus on a rather classical and inexpensive pharmacological agent, spironolactone. We present the current lines of evidence of MR and RAAS-related preclinical models and human trials reporting an association with NAFLD. In conclusion, evidence about spironolactone of RAAS is commented, as potential future pharmacological management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolis Papaefthymiou
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larisa, Larisa, Greece -
- School of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece -
- School of Medicine, First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece -
| | - Michael Doulberis
- School of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- School of Medicine, First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital Inselspital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Kyriaki Karafyllidou
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eleftherios Chatzimichael
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Center for Integrative Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Department of Neurology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Fotios Sampsonas
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasios Gelasakis
- Department of Animal Science, Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros I Papamichos
- Blood Transfusion Service Eastern Switzerland, Swiss Red Cross, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Kotronis
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Aghios Pavlos of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Gialamprinou
- Second Neonatal Department and NICU, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Vardaka
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- School of Medicine, First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- School of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Zhenghuan L, Manya W, Fantu K, Jie D, Yuan C, Qinghe P, Junyue S, Huamei Y, Xiangying X. Investigation on cone-beam computed tomography-based liver cancer radiotherapy clinical target volume planning target volume margin and analysis of dosimetric differences. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2023.100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lee T, Chung TH. Comparative analysis of the relationship between four hepatic steatosis indices and muscle mass. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1645. [PMID: 36717652 PMCID: PMC9886852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have attempted to validate the relationship between hepatic steatosis and sarcopenia. The crucial limitation is to establish the status of hepatic steatosis by costly or invasive methods. Therefore, several models predicting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been developed but have exhibited heterogeneous results. In this study, we aimed to review and compare four representative models and analyze their relationship with the risk of low muscle mass. Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2008 to 2011 were used to confirm our hypothesis. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure the amount of skeletal muscle mass. We used four hepatic steatosis indices: hepatic steatosis index (HSI), Framingham steatosis index (FSI), liver fat score (LFS), and fatty liver index (FLI). Multivariate linear and logistic regressions were used to reveal the relationship between NAFLD and low skeletal muscle index (LSMI). Pairs of FSI-FLI and HSI-FLI exhibited the best and second-best correlations among all possible pairs. The four hepatic steatosis models were associated with increased risk for LSMI. After removing the body mass index effect, HSI and FLI remained robust predictors for LSMI. NAFLD was a significant and potent risk factor for low skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesic Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea.,The Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome, Korean Academy of Family Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ha Chung
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea. .,Research Group of Functional Medicine and Preclinical Disease, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
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Alfaro‐Lara V, Muñoz‐Hernández R, Giménez‐Miranda L, Beltrán‐Romero L, Castell‐Montsalve FJ, Stiefel P. Pancreas fat content, insulin homeostasis and circulating endothelial microparticles in male essential hypertensive patients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2022; 25:38-46. [PMID: 36537194 PMCID: PMC9832238 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas fat content has been poorly investigated in essential hypertension. The authors aim to relate pancreas and liver fat content with parameters measuring insulin resistance, beta-cell function and also with markers of endothelial dysfunction and platelet or endothelial cell destruction. The authors studied a group of 40 male hypertensive patients with well-controlled blood pressure, maintaining a stable weight, and having not changed their medication during the last year. Pancreas fat content was correlated with HOMA-IR (r = .616, p < .001), HOMA-S (r = -.439, p < .005), beta cell function parameter (r = .457, p < .005), and QUICKI (r = .412, p < .01), whereas liver fat was not patients in the highest quartile of pancreas fat content had more circulating endothelial microparticles than patients in the other quartiles (median 129 [94.3-200] vs. 60.9 [49.4-88.8], p = .002). However, patients in the highest quartile of the pancreas fat content distribution did not differ from the lowest in hyperemic response after ischemia nor circulating platelet microparticles count. Liver fat content was not related to any of the parameters studied. In a multivariate stepwise binary logistic regression analysis (Wald Method) circulating endothelial microparticles remain significantly associated with pancreas fat content after adjusting for confounding factors, such as tobacco, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, or metabolic syndrome. Our results reflect that in essential hypertension, pancreas fat content is superior to liver fat to study beta-cell functionality and insulin resistance. Moreover, the authors described for the first time that pancreas fat content is related to endothelial cell destruction. Further studies are needed to confirm this point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Alfaro‐Lara
- Unidad clínica de Atención Médica Integral (UCAMI) y Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo VascularInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)Servicio Andaluz de Salud/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaSevilleEspañaSpain
| | - Rocío Muñoz‐Hernández
- SeLiver GroupInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaSevilleEspañaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD)MadridSpainoSpain
| | - Luis Giménez‐Miranda
- Unidad clínica de Atención Médica Integral (UCAMI) y Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo VascularInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)Servicio Andaluz de Salud/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaSevilleEspañaSpain
| | - Luis Beltrán‐Romero
- Unidad clínica de Atención Médica Integral (UCAMI) y Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo VascularInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)Servicio Andaluz de Salud/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaSevilleEspañaSpain
| | | | - Pablo Stiefel
- Unidad clínica de Atención Médica Integral (UCAMI) y Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo VascularInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)Servicio Andaluz de Salud/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaSevilleEspañaSpain
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9
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Zhou Y, Li Z, Xu M, Zhang D, Ling J, Yu P, Shen Y. O-GlycNacylation Remission Retards the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223637. [PMID: 36429065 PMCID: PMC9688300 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disease spectrum associated with insulin resistance (IR), from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification, regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Abnormal O-GlcNAcylation plays a key role in IR, fat deposition, inflammatory injury, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis. However, the specific mechanisms and clinical treatments of O-GlcNAcylation and NAFLD are yet to be elucidated. The modification contributes to understanding the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD, thus clarifying the protective effect of O-GlcNAcylation inhibition on liver injury. In this review, the crucial role of O-GlcNAcylation in NAFLD (from NAFL to HCC) is discussed, and the effect of therapeutics on O-GlcNAcylation and its potential mechanisms on NAFLD have been highlighted. These inferences present novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatments of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Minxuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Jitao Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (P.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (P.Y.); (Y.S.)
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10
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Barreto BFDM, Punaro GR, Elias MC, Parise ER. IS HOMEOSTASIS MODEL ASSESSMENT FOR INSULIN RESISTANCE >2.5 A DISTINGUISHED CRITERIA FOR METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION-ASSOCIATED FATTY LIVER DISEASE IDENTIFICATION? ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2022; 59:402-407. [PMID: 36102439 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202203000-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR), assessed by different criteria, is an important factor in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). More recently with the characterization of this metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), one of the proposed criteria for this diagnosis has been the determination of the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of HOMA-IR>2.5 with clinical, metabolic, biochemical and histological data obtained in non-diabetic patients diagnosed with NAFLD by liver biopsy. METHODS Cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out with data from 174 adult individuals of both genders with non-diabetics NAFLD, without obvious signs of portal hypertension. The body mass index (BMI) was classified according to the World Health Organization (1998), and the metabolic syndrome by the criteria of NCEP-ATP-III. Biochemical tests were evaluated using an automated method and insulinemia through immunofluorometric assay. Histological findings were classified according to Kleiner et al. (2005). RESULTS The mean age of the studied population was 53.6±11.2 years, with 60.3% being female. The average BMI was 30.3 kg/m2 and 75.9% of the patients had increased waist circumference. Among evaluated metabolic parameters, there was a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with HOMA-IR>2.5, with no statistical difference in relation to BMI between studied groups. Values of liver enzymes and serum ferritin were significantly higher in patients with this marker of IR, who had a higher prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis. In the multivariate analysis, the clinical diagnosis of MS, hyperferritinemia and the presence of NASH in the liver biopsy were the factors independently associated with the presence of altered HOMA-IR. CONCLUSION HOMA-IR values >2.5 identify patients with NAFLD with distinct clinical and metabolic characteristics and with a greater potential for disease progression, which validates this parameter in the identification of patients with MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovana Rita Punaro
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Medicina-Nefrologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Cristina Elias
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Medicina-Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Edison Roberto Parise
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Medicina-Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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11
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Arefhosseini S, Tutunchi H, Nomi-Golzar S, Mahboob S, Pouretedal Z, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. The effect of hydroxy citric acid supplementation with calorie-restricted diet on metabolic, atherogenic and inflammatory biomarkers in women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Food Funct 2022; 13:5124-5134. [PMID: 35416190 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03685h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of hydroxy citric acid (HCA) extracts from Garcinia cambogia on metabolic, atherogenic and inflammatory biomarkers in obese women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present clinical trial was carried out on 40 overweight/obese women with NAFLD. The patients were randomly allocated into either the "HCA group" (receiving calorie-restricted diet (-700 kcal d-1) accompanied by HCA tablets) and the "control group" (receiving only calorie-restricted diet) for eight weeks. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, liver enzymes, as well as inflammatory biomarkers were determined at baseline and after the intervention. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline and at the end of the trial and food intake data were analyzed by the Nutritionist IV software. Results showed a decrease in energy and macronutrient intake in both groups (p < 0.05). Weight, BMI, WC, and hip circumference as well as FBS, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased significantly in the HCA group (p < 0.05). There were also significant reductions in WC, FBS, TG, total cholesterol, LDL-C in the control group while inter-group changes in FBS, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C were statistically significant. Although atherogenic indices reduced significantly in both groups, inter-group comparison revealed that the HCA group showed greater decrease in the TG/HDL-C ratio than the control group (p = 0.004). Other atherogenic indices including TC/HDL-C and non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio showed greater reduction in the control versus HCA group (p < 0.01). Some inflammatory factors were reduced in the HCA group; however, no significant within- or between-group differences were revealed post-intervention. Our results indicated that HCA supplementation plus calorie-restricted diet could improve some metabolic factors without any significant effect on inflammation in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arefhosseini
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Helda Tutunchi
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Nomi-Golzar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soltanali Mahboob
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Zohre Pouretedal
- Standard Research Institute, Food Technology and Agricultural Products Research Center, Microbiology and Biology Group, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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Ebihara C, Aizawa-Abe M, Zhao M, Gumbilai V, Ebihara K. Different sites of actions make different responses to thiazolidinediones between mouse and rat models of fatty liver. Sci Rep 2022; 12:449. [PMID: 35013417 PMCID: PMC8748829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic approach for NAFLD is limited and there are no approved drugs. Pioglitazone (PGZ), a thiazolidinedione (TZD) that acts via peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is the only agent that has shown consistent benefit and efficacy in clinical trials. However, the mechanism of its therapeutic effect on NAFLD remains unclear. The poor understanding may be due to problems with mouse, a species most used for animal experiments. TZDs exacerbate fatty liver in mouse models while they improve it in rat models like in human patients. Therefore, we compared the effects of TZDs including PGZ and rosiglitazone (RGZ) in ob/ob mice and Lepmkyo/Lepmkyo rats, models of leptin-deficient obesity, and A-ZIP/F-1 mice and seipin knockout (SKO) rats, models of generalized lipodystrophy. Pparg mRNA expression was markedly upregulated in fatty livers of mouse models while it was unchanged in rat models. TZDs exacerbated fatty liver in ob/ob and A-ZIP/F-1 mice, improved it in Lepmkyo/Lepmkyo rats and showed no effect in SKO rats. Gene expression analyses of Pparg and its target gene, Fsp27 revealed that PPARγ in the adipose tissue is the exclusive therapeutic target of TZDs in rats but PPARγ in the liver in addition to the adipose tissue is also a major site of actions for TZDs in mice. Although the response to TZDs in mice is the complete opposite of that in human patients, no report has pointed out the problem with TZD studies using mouse models so far. The present study might provide useful suggestions in research on TZDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Ebihara
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Megumi Aizawa-Abe
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Valentino Gumbilai
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Ebihara
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
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13
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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Administration Sex-Specifically Affects Blood Insulin Levels and Liver Steatosis in Obese Ay Mice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123440. [PMID: 34943946 PMCID: PMC8700098 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
FGF21 is a promising candidate for treating obesity, diabetes, and NAFLD; however, some of its pharmacological effects are sex-specific in mice with the Ay mutation that evokes melanocortin receptor 4 blockade, obesity, and hepatosteatosis. This suggests that the ability of FGF21 to correct melanocortin obesity may depend on sex. This study compares FGF21 action on food intake, locomotor activity, gene expression, metabolic characteristics, and liver state in obese Ay males and females. Ay mice were administered FGF21 for seven days, and metabolic parameters and gene expression in different tissues were assessed. Placebo-treated females were more obese than males and had lower levels of blood insulin and liver triglycerides, and higher expression of genes for insulin signaling in the liver, white adipose tissue (WAT) and muscles, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver. FGF21 administration did not affect body weight, and increased food intake, locomotor activity, expression of Fgf21 and Ucp1 in brown fat and genes related to lipolysis and insulin action in WAT regardless of sex; however, it decreased hyperinsulinemia and hepatic lipid accumulation and increased muscle expression of Cpt1 and Irs1 only in males. Thus, FGF21’s beneficial effects on metabolic disorders associated with melanocortin obesity are more pronounced in males.
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14
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The interplay between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and innate immunity in hepatitis B virus patients. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-021-00084-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most epidemic liver disorder worldwide as a result of rapid lifestyle transformation over the past few decades and is expected to elevate in the next few years as well as it is ranging from plain hepatic steatosis via non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Main text
NAFLD can also stimulate the diseases progression as diabetes and cardiovascular. Therefore, understanding the NAFLD pathogenesis is of vital clinical interest additionally is a crucial for disease treatment and prevention. After analyzing NAFLD and liver diseases prevalence, it has been a belief regarding the interaction between NAFLD and chronic hepatitis B (CHB).
Conclusion
The liver is an essential innate immune organ with large numbers of innate immune cells that contribute in NAFLD pathogenesis, additionally play the influential role that control NAFLD progression in the hepatitis B patients. Here, we summarized the recent advances in understanding and managing the NAFLD patients with chronic hepatitis B infection and interplay with innate immunity.
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Tan LJ, Jung H, Kim SA, Shin S. The Association Between Coffee Consumption and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the South Korean General Population. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100356. [PMID: 34319647 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To identify the cross-sectional and prospective association between coffee consumption and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among South Korean adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants are selected from the Health Examinees study. NAFLD is defined using three non-invasive indexes: fatty liver index (FLI), hepatic steatosis index, and fibrosis-4 calculator (FIB-4). In the cross-sectional analysis, higher habitual coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk for NAFLD, define using the FLI, (men, odds ratio [OR] 0.702; women, OR 0.810) compared with non-consumers. Participants who consumed coffee with sugar and creamer also have a lower risk for NAFLD, defined using the FIB-4, compared with non-coffee-consumers (men, OR 0.739; women, OR 0.807). A prospective analysis indicated that higher coffee consumption is associated with a lower incidence of NAFLD, defined using the FLI, in men (hazard ratio, 0.706). In both men and women, a lower FIB-4 index score is associated with higher coffee consumption regardless of coffee type (all p-value <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Coffee consumption of >3 cups per day has a protective effect against the development of NAFLD to a certain extent, and a negative association is found between coffee consumed with sugar and creamer and the FIB-4 index score in South Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Tan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, South Korea
| | - Hyein Jung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ah Kim
- Department of Urban Society, The Seoul Institute, Seoul, 06756, South Korea
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, South Korea
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16
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Juanola O, Martínez-López S, Francés R, Gómez-Hurtado I. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Metabolic, Genetic, Epigenetic and Environmental Risk Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105227. [PMID: 34069012 PMCID: PMC8155932 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most frequent causes of chronic liver disease in the Western world, probably due to the growing prevalence of obesity, metabolic diseases, and exposure to some environmental agents. In certain patients, simple hepatic steatosis can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can sometimes lead to liver cirrhosis and its complications including hepatocellular carcinoma. Understanding the mechanisms that cause the progression of NAFLD to NASH is crucial to be able to control the advancement of the disease. The main hypothesis considers that it is due to multiple factors that act together on genetically predisposed subjects to suffer from NAFLD including insulin resistance, nutritional factors, gut microbiota, and genetic and epigenetic factors. In this article, we will discuss the epidemiology of NAFLD, and we overview several topics that influence the development of the disease from simple steatosis to liver cirrhosis and its possible complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Juanola
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Translational Research Laboratory, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sebastián Martínez-López
- Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernández University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Rubén Francés
- Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernández University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Gómez-Hurtado
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Song S, Duo Y, Zhang Y, Qiao X, Xu J, Zhang J, Peng Z, Chen Y, Nie X, Sun Q, Yang X, Wang A, Sun W, Fu Y, Dong Y, Lu Z, Yuan T, Zhao W. The Predictive Ability of Hepatic Steatosis Index for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Large for Gestational Age Infant Compared with Other Noninvasive Indices Among Chinese Pregnancies: A Preliminary Double-center Cohort Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:4791-4800. [PMID: 34938090 PMCID: PMC8687517 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s335364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of hepatic steatosis index (HSI) in the first trimester and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) as well as large for gestational age (LGA) infant in Chinese women. METHODS A total of 1082 pregnant women were included in this study. Maternal basic laboratory data, including ALT, AST, FBG, insulin, TG, and HDL-C, were tested during 6-12 weeks of gestation and anthropometric characteristics were monitored during gestation. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted at 24-28 weeks of gestation. HSI, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) liver fat score, triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index were calculated. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval for subsequent risk of GDM and LGA by HSI quartiles were assessed by binary logistic regression model. The predictive ability of HSI for GDM and LGA was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and was compared with other indices. RESULTS The incidence of GDM and LGA were 22.09% (239/1082) and 10.53% (87/826). HSI was higher in GDM group than in NGT group (median, interquartile range: 30.67, 27.20-35.10 vs 27.98, 25.70-30.82, P<0.001). Incidence of GDM was gradually increased with increasing HSI values. Women in the highest HSI quartile had significantly higher risk of LGA delivery than those in the lowest HSI quartile (P<0.05). The area under the ROC curves of HSI for GDM and LGA were higher than other indices, reaching 0.646 (95%CI: 0.605-0.686) and 0.600 (95%CI: 0.541-0.660), respectively. CONCLUSION Higher HSI was independently associated with higher risk of GDM and LGA in Chinese women. HSI in the first trimester can predict the risk of GDM and LGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoning Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanbei Duo
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuemei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Haidian District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiyu Xu
- Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Haidian District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyao Peng
- Department of Dean’s Office, Haidian District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaorui Nie
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiujin Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianchun Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ailing Wang
- National Center for Women and Children’s Health, China CDC, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingyue Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zechun Lu
- National Center for Women and Children’s Health, China CDC, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weigang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Tao Yuan; Weigang Zhao Email ;
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Xiao Z, Chu Y, Qin W. IGFBP5 modulates lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity through activating AMPK pathway in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Life Sci 2020; 256:117997. [PMID: 32585242 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by excessive hepatic fat deposition is an increasing public health issue worldwide. Insulin resistance is a pivotal factor in NAFLD progression. Studies have found that IGFBP5 was related to insulin sensitivity. Nevertheless, the role of IGFBP5 in NAFLD remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS NAFLD models were established in vitro and in vivo by treating HepG2 cells with free fatty acids (FFA) and feeding mice with high-fat diet (HFD), respectively. IGFBP5 expression was then analyzed in these models. The effects and mechanism of IGFBP5 on lipid lipogenesis, fatty acid β-oxidation, and insulin resistance were investigated following IGFBP5 overexpression. Additionally, AMPK inhibitor compound C was used to treat HepG2 cells to confirm whether IGFBP5 functioned via activating AMPK pathway. KEY FINDINGS IGFBP5 expression was decreased in both NAFLD models. IGFBP5 overexpression reduced levels of lipogenesis-associated proteins (SREBP-1c, FAS and ACC1), elevated expression of fatty acid β-oxidation-related genes (PPARα, CPT1A and ACOX1), decreased intracellular lipid droplets, promoted glucose uptake and glycogenesis, and activated IRS1/Akt and AMPK pathways. Administration of IGFBP5 vectors also decreased body weight and relieved liver damage in HFD-treated mice. In contrast, compound C abrogated the influences of IGFBP5 overexpression on cell models. SIGNIFICANCE IGFBP5 dampened hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance in NAFLD development via activating AMPK pathway. This study indicates that IGFBP5 may be a novel therapeutic agent for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Yafei Chu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Wangsen Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China.
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Rahmanabadi A, Mahboob S, Amirkhizi F, Hosseinpour-Arjmand S, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. Oral α-lipoic acid supplementation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: effects on adipokines and liver histology features. Food Funct 2019; 10:4941-4952. [PMID: 31343010 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Considering the importance of adipokines in the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and due to the possible beneficial effects of α-lipoic acid (α-LA) on these adipose-derived hormones, this study aimed to investigate the effect of α-LA supplementation on adipokines and liver steatosis in obese patients with NAFLD. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial with two parallel groups, fifty patients with NAFLD were randomized to receive daily supplementation with either two capsules of α-LA (each capsule containing 600 mg α-LA) or two placebo capsules, daily for 12 weeks. At the baseline, all participants received consultation on how to implement a healthy diet into their daily lives. Anthropometric measures, dietary intakes, liver enzymes and adipokines were assessed at the baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. A significant reduction was observed in the serum levels of insulin (P = 0.024) and leptin (P = 0.019) in the α-LA group compared to the placebo group, but changes in anthropometric and body composition measures, serum glucose (FSG), resistin, irisin and liver enzymes did not differ between the groups. α-LA supplementation resulted in a statistically significant elevation in the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (P = 0.033), serum levels of adiponectin (P = 0.008) and adiponectin-to-leptin ratio (P = 0.007) compared to the placebo. The liver steatosis intensity improved significantly. Nonetheless, no significant differences were observed between the study groups in the liver steatosis intensity, at the end of the study. According to the results, α-LA supplementation for 12 weeks improved insulin resistance, serum levels of insulin, adiponectin and leptin without changing anthropometric measures, serum liver enzymes, resistin and irisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rahmanabadi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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20
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Valtolina C, Robben JH, van Wolferen ME, Kruitwagen HS, Corbee RJ, Favier RP, Penning LC. Gene expressions of de novo hepatic lipogenesis in feline hepatic lipidosis. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 22:500-505. [PMID: 31322470 PMCID: PMC7252220 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x19857853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate if de novo hepatic lipid synthesis contributes to fatty acid overload in the liver of cats with feline hepatic lipidosis (FHL). Methods Lipogenic gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), fatty acid synthase (FASN) and sterol regulatory element-binding factor (SREBF1) were evaluated using quantitative RT-PCR in liver tissue of six cats with FHL and compared with the liver tissue of eight healthy cats. Results In liver tissue, PPAR-α, PPAR-γ and FASN mRNA expression levels were not significantly different (P >0.12, P >0.89 and P >0.5, respectively) in the FHL group compared with the control group. SREBF1 gene expression was downregulated around 10-fold in the FHL group vs the control group (P = 0.039). Conclusions and relevance The downregulation of SREBF1 in the liver tissue of cats with FHL does not support the hypothesis that de novo lipogenesis in the liver is an important pathway of fatty acid accumulation in FHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Valtolina
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris H Robben
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hedwig S Kruitwagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J Corbee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Zhu F, Li YM, Feng TT, Wu Y, Zhang HX, Jin GY, Liu JP. Freeze-dried Si-Ni-San powder can ameliorate high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:3056-3068. [PMID: 31293341 PMCID: PMC6603807 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i24.3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease worldwide. However, to date, there is no ideal therapy for this disease.
AIM To study the effects of Si-Ni-San freeze-dried powder on high fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice.
METHODS Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into three groups of eight. The control group (CON) was allowed ad libitum access to a normal chow diet. The high fat diet group (FAT) and Si-Ni-San group (SNS) were allowed ad libitum access to a high fat diet. The SNS group was intragastrically administered Si-Ni-San freeze-dried powder (5.0 g/kg) once daily, and the CON and FAT groups were intragastrically administered distilled water. After 12 wk, body weight, liver index, visceral fat index, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), portal lipopoly-saccharide (LPS), liver tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and liver triglycerides were measured. Intestinal microbiota were analyzed using a 16S r DNA sequencing technique.
RESULTS Compared with the FAT group, the SNS group exhibited decreased body weight, liver index, visceral fat index, serum ALT, portal LPS, liver TNF-α and liver triglycerides (P < 0.05). Intestinal microbiota analysis showed that the SNS group had different bacterial composition and function compared with the FAT group. In particular, Oscillospira genus was a bacterial biomarker of SNS group samples.
CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of Si-Ni-San freeze-dried powder on high fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice may be associated with its anti-inflammatory and changing intestinal microbiota effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yong-Min Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Feng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Guo-Yin Jin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Changshou District, Chongqing 401220, China
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Murotomi K, Arai S, Suyama A, Harashima A, Nakajima Y. Trehalose attenuates development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis associated with type 2 diabetes in TSOD mouse. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly dominant cause of liver disease worldwide. The progressive subtype, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, is a leading indication for liver transplantation and a noteworthy cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. The overall prevalence of NAFLD is on the rise, and even more concerning data modeling predicts that an increasing percentage of those with NAFLD will develop advanced disease. This increased volume of patients with advanced liver disease will impose a significant health care burden in terms of resources and cost. Thus, the identification of patients with established fibrosis or at high risk of developing advanced liver disease is critical to effectively intervene and prevent overall and liver-related morbidity and mortality. Herein, we provide a framework to consider for the identification of patients with NAFLD at high risk of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with advanced fibrosis and provide a critical assessment of currently accessible diagnostic and treatment modalities.
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Xing YW, Lei GT, Wu QH, Jiang Y, Huang MX. Procyanidin B2 protects against diet-induced obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via the modulation of the gut microbiota in rabbits. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:955-966. [PMID: 30833801 PMCID: PMC6397725 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i8.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Procyanidins have beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome and antimicrobial activity, but the mechanisms underlying these effects are unclear.
AIM To investigate the effects of procyanidin B2 (PB2) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and to explore the possible mechanism.
METHODS Thirty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into three groups. All of them were fed either a high-fat-cholesterol diet (HCD) or chow diet. HCD-fed rabbits were treated with vehicle or PB2 daily for 12 wk. Body weight and food intake were evaluated once a week. Serum biomarkers, such as total cholesterols, triglycerides, and aspartate transaminase, were detected. All rabbits were sacrificed and histological parameters of liver were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Moreover, several lipogenic genes and gut microbiota (by 16S rRNA sequencing) were investigated to explore the possible mechanism.
RESULTS The HCD group had higher body weight, liver index, serum lipid profile, insulin resistance, serum glucose, and hepatic steatosis compared to the CHOW group. PB2 treatment prevented HCD-induced increases in body weight and hypertriglyceridemia in association with triglyceride accumulation in the liver. PB2 also ameliorated low-grade inflammation, which was reflected by serum lipopolysaccharides and improved insulin resistance. In rabbit liver, PB2 prevented the upregulation of steroid response element binding protein 1c and fatty acid synthase and the downregulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase, compared to the HCD group. Moreover, HCD led to a decrease of Bacteroidetes in gut microbiota. PB2 significantly improved the proportions of Bacteroidetes at the phylum level and Akkermansia at the genus level.
CONCLUSION Our results indicate the possible mechanism of PB2 to improve HCD-induced features of metabolic syndrome and provide a new dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wei Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guang-Tao Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qing-Hua Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Man-Xiang Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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McCommis KS, Finck BN. Treating Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis by Modulating Mitochondrial Pyruvate Metabolism. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:275-284. [PMID: 30686780 PMCID: PMC6352854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A hepatic comorbidity of metabolic syndrome, known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is increasing in prevalence in conjunction with the pandemics of obesity and diabetes. The spectrum of NAFLD ranges from simple hepatic fat accumulation to a more severe disease termed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), involving inflammation, hepatocyte death, and fibrosis. Importantly, NASH is linked to a much higher risk of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as an increased risk for nonhepatic malignancies and cardiovascular disease. Interest in the understanding of the disease processes and search for treatments for the spectrum of NAFLD-NASH has increased exponentially, but there are no approved pharmacologic therapies. In this review, we discuss the existing literature supporting insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinedione compounds as potential drug candidates for the treatment of NASH. In addition, we put these results into new context by summarizing recent studies suggesting these compounds alter mitochondrial metabolism by binding and inhibiting the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian N. Finck
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Brian N. Finck, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8031, St. Louis, Missouri 63110. fax: (314) 362-8230.
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26
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Catalase and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1721-1737. [PMID: 30120555 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance are considered the main causes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and oxidative stress accelerates the progression of NAFLD. Free fatty acids, which are elevated in the liver by obesity or insulin resistance, lead to incomplete oxidation in the mitochondria, peroxisomes, and microsomes, leading to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Among the ROS generated, H2O2 is mainly produced in peroxisomes and decomposed by catalase. However, when the H2O2 concentration increases because of decreased expression or activity of catalase, it migrates to cytosol and other organelles, causing cell injury and participating in the Fenton reaction, resulting in serious oxidative stress. To date, numerous studies have been shown to inhibit the pathogenesis of NAFLD, but treatment for this disease mainly depends on weight loss and exercise. Various molecules such as vitamin E, metformin, liraglutide, and resveratrol have been proposed as therapeutic agents, but further verification of the dose setting, clinical application, and side effects is needed. Reducing oxidative stress may be a fundamental method for improving not only the progression of NAFLD but also obesity and insulin resistance. However, the relationship between NAFLD progression and antioxidants, particularly catalase, which is most commonly expressed in the liver, remains unclear. Therefore, this review summarizes the role of catalase, focusing on its potential therapeutic effects in NAFLD progression.
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Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies. Nat Med 2018; 24:908-922. [PMID: 29967350 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2224] [Impact Index Per Article: 370.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There has been a rise in the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), paralleling a worldwide increase in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. NAFLD, a continuum of liver abnormalities from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has a variable course but can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Here we review the pathogenic and clinical features of NAFLD, its major comorbidities, clinical progression and risk of complications and in vitro and animal models of NAFLD enabling refinement of therapeutic targets that can accelerate drug development. We also discuss evolving principles of clinical trial design to evaluate drug efficacy and the emerging targets for drug development that involve either single agents or combination therapies intended to arrest or reverse disease progression.
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28
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Dou X, Li S, Hu L, Ding L, Ma Y, Ma W, Chai H, Song Z. Glutathione disulfide sensitizes hepatocytes to TNFα-mediated cytotoxicity via IKK-β S-glutathionylation: a potential mechanism underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-16. [PMID: 29622764 PMCID: PMC5938004 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-017-0013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and TNFα are critically involved in the initiation and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we investigated the effects of dysregulated glutathione homeostasis, a principal feature of oxidative stress, on TNFα-induced hepatotoxicity and its mechanistic implications in NAFLD progression. We showed that mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks developed hepatic steatosis and liver injuries, which were associated with not only TNFα overproduction but also hepatic glutathione dysregulation, characterized by GSH reduction and GSSG elevation. Moreover, consuming a HFD increased protein S-glutathionylation (protein-SSG formation) in the liver. Subsequent cell culture studies revealed that GSSG accumulation, as opposed to GSH reduction, sensitized hepatocytes to TNFα killing by reducing the TNFα-triggered NF-κB activity. GSSG prevented TNFα-induced activation of IKK-β, an upstream kinase in the NF-κB signaling pathway, by inducing IKK-β glutathionylation (IKK-β-SSG formation). In animal studies, in comparison to a control diet, HFD consumption resulted in increased hepatic IKK-β-SSG formation, leading to suppressed IKK-β activation and subsequent NF-κB suppression. Furthermore, we found that HFD consumption also led to decreased hepatic expression of glutaredoxin, a key enzyme for de-glutathionylation. Similarly, CdCl2, a chemical inhibitor of glutaredoxin, sensitized hepatocytes to TNFα-mediated cytotoxicity. In conclusion, our data suggest that GSSG is a potent and clinically relevant sensitizer for TNFα-induced hepatotoxicity in NAFLD, which represents a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Dou
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, P. R. China
| | - Songtao Li
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, P. R. China
| | - Linfeng Hu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, P. R. China
| | - Lei Ding
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, P. R. China
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, P. R. China
| | - Wang Ma
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chai
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyuan Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. .,College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, P. R. China. .,Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Jung SH, Jung CH, Reaven GM, Kim SH. Adapting to insulin resistance in obesity: role of insulin secretion and clearance. Diabetologia 2018; 61:681-687. [PMID: 29196782 PMCID: PMC6095137 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to quantify the relative contributions of increased insulin secretion rate (ISR) and decreased insulin clearance rate (ICR) in the compensatory hyperinsulinaemia characteristic of insulin-resistant individuals without diabetes. METHODS Obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) individuals without diabetes (n = 91) were identified from a registry of volunteers. Volunteers underwent the following measurements: oral glucose tolerance; insulin resistance (steady-state plasma glucose [SSPG] concentration during the insulin suppression test [IST]); ISR (using the graded glucose infusion test [GGIT]); and ICR (using the IST and GGIT). Participants were stratified into tertiles based on SSPG concentration: SSPG-1(insulin-sensitive); SSPG-2 (intermediate); and SSPG-3 (insulin-resistant). RESULTS There were no differences in BMI and waist circumference among the SSPG tertiles. Serum alanine aminotransferase concentrations were higher in the SSPG-2 and SSPG-3 groups compared with the SSPG-1 group (p = 0.02). Following an oral glucose challenge, there was a progressive increase in the total integrated insulin response from the most insulin-sensitive to the most insulin-resistant tertiles (p < 0.001). Following intravenous glucose, the SSPG-3 group had significantly greater integrated glucose (median [interquartile range], 32.9 [30.8-36.3] mmol/l × h) and insulin responses (1711 [1476-2223] mmol/l × h) compared with the SSPG-1 group (30.3 [28.8-32.9] mmol/l × h, p = 0.04, and 851 [600-1057] pmol/l × h, p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, only the SSPG-3 group had significant changes in both ISR and ICR (p < 0.001). In the SSPG-2 group, only the ICR was significantly decreased compared with the SSPG-1 group. Therefore, ICR progressively declined during the IST with increasing insulin resistance (SSPG-1, 0.48 [0.41-0.59]; SSPG-2, 0.43 [0.39-0.50]; SSPG-3, 0.34 [0.31-0.40]). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION While both increases in ISR and decreases in ICR compensate for insulin resistance, decreases in ICR may provide the first adaptation to decreased insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hee Jung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CHA Bundang Medical Centre, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Chan-Hee Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Gerald M Reaven
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room S025, Stanford, CA, 94305-5103, USA
| | - Sun H Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room S025, Stanford, CA, 94305-5103, USA.
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Zheng W, Liu Y, Shang H, Zhang Y, Ma D, Hou N, Wang J, Sun X, Peng Y, Pan L, Wang Z, Tang X, Xiao RP, Zhang X. Characterization of spontaneously-developed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in aged rhesus monkeys. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2018; 10:68. [PMID: 30214501 PMCID: PMC6131750 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-018-0370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global epidemic afflicting 20-30% in the general population. The animal model of NAFLD available at the present are less clinically relevant. In this study. We aimed to establish a NAFLD model of rhesus monkeys and develop an ultrasonographic steatosis score (USS) system to grade hepatic steatosis in this model. METHODS We performed hepatic ultrasonography and blood biochemical tests on 86 rhesus monkeys with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS), among which 45 animals were further assessed by histopathological analysis. RESULTS The liver histological features of rhesus monkeys NAFLD were resemble to those of NAFLD patients. There was a close correlation between the histological steatosis grade and the USS (Spearman's coefficient, 0.705, p < 0.001). The USS sensitivity was 87.5% and the specificity was 94.6% when the cut-off was USS2. In addition, the prevalence of MetS was significantly higher in the USS2-3 group. Multiple risk factors of cardiometabolic disease, including obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia were significantly correlated with the USS. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD was developed spontaneously among aging in rhesus monkeys (with increased prevalence in the MetS monkeys), which provided an ideal model for NAFLD. The newly developed USS system can be used to evaluate fatty liver in the rhesus monkey. The model as well as the noninvasive assessment methodology will provide a powerful tool for mechanistic studies and preclinical test of novel therapies for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Yuli Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Haibao Shang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Dongwei Ma
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Ning Hou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Jue Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Xueting Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Ying Peng
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Lin Pan
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | | | - Rui-Ping Xiao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
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Ding YH, Ma Y, Qian LY, Xu Q, Wang LH, Huang DS, Zou H. Linking atrial fibrillation with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: potential common therapeutic targets. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60673-60683. [PMID: 28948002 PMCID: PMC5601170 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are common chronic non-infectious diseases with rising incidences. NAFLD is an independent risk factor for the onset of AF, after adjusting potentially related factors. The pathogenesis of these diseases share several mechanisms including reduced adiponectin level, insulin resistance, and renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) activation, in addition to activation of common disease pathways that promote inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. Furthermore, statins and RAAS blockers exert therapeutic effects concurrently on NAFLD and AF. The common pathogenesis of NAFLD and AF may serve as a potential therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin-Yan Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Hong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hai Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China.,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
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Yang L, Miura K, Zhang B, Matsushita H, Yang YM, Liang S, Song J, Roh YS, Seki E. TRIF Differentially Regulates Hepatic Steatosis and Inflammation/Fibrosis in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 3:469-483. [PMID: 28462384 PMCID: PMC5403956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling is activated through 2 adaptor proteins: MyD88 and TIR-domain containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β (TRIF). TLR4 and MyD88 are crucial in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. However, the role of TRIF in TLR4-mediated NASH and fibrosis has been elusive. This study investigated the differential roles of TRIF in hepatic steatosis and inflammation/fibrosis. METHODS A choline-deficient amino acid defined (CDAA) diet was used for the mouse NASH model. On this diet, the mice develop hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. TLR4 wild-type and TLR4-/- bone marrow chimeric mice and TRIF-/- mice were fed CDAA or a control diet for 22 weeks. Hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis were examined. RESULTS In the CDAA diet-induced NASH, the mice with wild-type bone marrow had higher alanine aminotransferase and hepatic tumor necrosis factor levels than the mice with TLR4-/- bone marrow. The nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score showed that both wild-type and TLR4-/- bone marrow chimeras had reduced hepatic steatosis, and that both types of chimeras had similar levels of inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning to whole-body wild-type mice. Notably, wild-type recipients showed more liver fibrosis than TLR4-/- recipients. Although TRIF-/- mice showed reduced hepatic steatosis, these mice showed more liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis than wild-type mice. TRIF-/- stellate cells and hepatocytes produced more C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) and C-C motif chemokine ligand than wild-type cells in response to lipopolysaccharide. Consistently, TRIF-/- mice showed increased CXCL1 and CCL3 expression along with neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, which promotes liver inflammation and injury. CONCLUSIONS In TLR4-mediated NASH, different liver cells have distinct roles in hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. TRIF promotes hepatic steatosis but it inhibits injury, inflammation, and fibrosis.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- BM, bone marrow
- BMT, bone marrow transplantation
- CDAA, choline-deficient amino acid defined
- DGAT2, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- Hepatocyte Apoptosis
- IL, interleukin
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- LPS
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- Neutrophils
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- TLR4
- TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California,Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kouichi Miura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California,Department of Gastroenterology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Bi Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Hiroshi Matsushita
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yoon Mee Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shuang Liang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Jingyi Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Yoon Seok Roh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California,Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California,Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Ekihiro Seki, MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis Research Building, Suite 2099, Los Angeles, California 90048. fax: (310) 423-0157.Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineCedars-Sinai Medical Center8700 Beverly BoulevardDavis Research BuildingSuite 2099Los AngelesCalifornia 90048
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Gliozzi M, Maiuolo J, Oppedisano F, Mollace V. The effect of bergamot polyphenolic fraction in patients with non alcoholic liver steato-hepatitis and metabolic syndrome. PHARMANUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Liu JP, Zou WL, Chen SJ, Wei HY, Yin YN, Zou YY, Lu FG. Effects of different diets on intestinal microbiota and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7353-7364. [PMID: 27621581 PMCID: PMC4997650 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i32.7353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the effects of different diets on intestinal microbiota and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development at the same caloric intake.
METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups (six rats each). The control diet (CON) group and free high-fat diet (FFAT) group were allowed ad libitum access to a normal chow diet and a high-fat diet, respectively. The restrictive high-fat diet (RFAT) group, restrictive high-sugar diet (RSUG) group, and high-protein diet (PRO) group were fed a high-fat diet, a high-sugar diet, and a high-protein diet, respectively, in an isocaloric way. All rats were killed at 12 wk. Body weight, visceral fat index (visceral fat/body weight), liver index (liver/body weight), insulin resistance, portal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and liver triglycerides were measured. The intestinal microbiota in the different groups of rats was sequenced using high-throughput sequencing technology.
RESULTS The FFAT group had higher body weight, visceral fat index, liver index, peripheral insulin resistance, portal LPS, serum ALT, serum AST, and liver triglycerides compared with all other groups (P < 0.05). Taking the same calories, the RFAT and RSUG groups demonstrated increased body weight, visceral fat index, peripheral insulin resistance and liver triglycerides compared with the PRO group (P < 0.05). The RFAT group also showed increased portal LPS compared with the PRO group (P < 0.05). Unweighted UniFrac principal coordinates analysis of the sequencing data revealed that the intestinal microbiota structures of the CON, FFAT, RSUG and PRO groups were roughly separated away from each other. Taxon-based analysis showed that, compared with the CON group, the FFAT group had an increased abundance of Firmicutes, Roseburia and Oscillospira bacteria, a higher ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, and a decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides and Parabacteroides bacteria (P < 0.05). The RFAT group showed an increased abundance of Firmicutes and decreased abundance of Parabacteroides bacteria (P < 0.05). The RSUG group showed an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes and Sutterella bacteria, higher ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, and a decreased abundance of Firmicutes (P < 0.05). The PRO group showed an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Prevotella, Oscillospira and Sutterella bacteria, and a decreased abundance of Firmicutes (P < 0.05). Compared with the FFAT group, the RFAT group had an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes, higher ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, and decreased abundance of Firmicutes and Oscillospira bacteria (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION Compared with the high-protein diet, the NAFLD-inducing effects of high-fat and high-sugar diets are independent from calories, and may be associated with changed intestinal microbiota.
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Silva FSG, Oliveira PJ, Duarte MF. Oleanolic, Ursolic, and Betulinic Acids as Food Supplements or Pharmaceutical Agents for Type 2 Diabetes: Promise or Illusion? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2991-3008. [PMID: 27012451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b06021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oleanolic (OA), ursolic (UA), and betulinic (BA) acids are three triterpenic acids (TAs) with potential effects for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Mechanistic studies showed that these TAs act as hypoglycemic and antiobesity agents mainly through (i) reducing the absorption of glucose; (ii) decreasing endogenous glucose production; (iii) increasing insulin sensitivity; (iv) improving lipid homeostasis; and (v) promoting body weight regulation. Besides these promising beneficial effects, it is believed that OA, UA, and BA protect against diabetes-related comorbidities due to their antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. We also highlight the protective effect of OA, UA, and BA against oxidative damage, which may be very relevant for the treatment and/or prevention of T2DM. In the present review, we provide an integrative description of the antidiabetic properties of OA, UA, and BA, evaluating the potential use of these TAs as food supplements or pharmaceutical agents to prevent and/or treat T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena S G Silva
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrı́cola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja) , Apartado 6158, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cellular Biology, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, University of Coimbra , 3060-107 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Maria F Duarte
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrı́cola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja) , Apartado 6158, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
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Abstract
NAFLD is the most prevalent form of liver disease in the USA, affecting an estimated 30% of the population. The condition is associated with increased mortality related to cardiovascular disease, malignancy and liver disease. Identification of patients who might be at increased risk of adverse outcomes is critical as it is not feasible to screen all patients with suspected NAFLD. Patients with NASH, the progressive subtype of NAFLD, should be targeted for treatment, especially if they have concomitant fibrosis because such patients are more likely than those without fibrosis to have adverse outcomes. Treatment goals in patients with NAFLD vary depending on the disease stage owing to differential risk of progression and the particularities of an individual's comorbid disease. Lifestyle intervention is important for all patients irrespective of disease stage, but other therapies should be targeted to those most likely to benefit. In this Review, we highlight risk factors for disease progression and offer a stage-based treatment approach for patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Rinella
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 676 N. St. Clair Street, Arkes Pavillion, 14-005, Chicago, Illinois 60527, USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Virginia Commonwealth University, 1200 East Broad Street, MCV BOX 980341, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0341, USA
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Kim HY, Kim CW, Park CH, Choi JY, Han K, Merchant AT, Park YM. Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults: the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2016; 15:39-47. [PMID: 26818542 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(15)60030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) share similar pathophysiological mechanisms, and the relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD has been recently investigated. The study investigated whether low skeletal muscle mass is differentially associated with NAFLD by gender in Korean adults. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was obtained by the appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by the weight. NAFLD was defined as a fatty liver index (FLI) ≥60 in the absence of other chronic liver disease. RESULTS Among the included subjects, 18.3% (SE: 1.4%) in men and 7.0% (SE: 0.7%) in women were classified as having FLI-defined NAFLD. Most of the risk factors for FLI-defined NAFLD showed a significant negative correlation with the SMI in both genders. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that low SMI was associated with FLI-defined NAFLD, independent of other metabolic and lifestyle parameters in both genders [males: odds ratio (OR)=1.35; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17-1.54; females: OR=1.36; 95% CI: 1.18-1.55]. The magnitude of the association between FLI-defined NAFLD and low SMI was higher in middle aged to elderly males (OR=1.50; 95% CI: 1.22-1.84) than in males less than 45 years of age (OR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.02-1.52) and in premenopausal females (OR=1.50; 95% CI: 1.12-2.03) than in postmenopausal females (OR=1.36; 95% CI: 1.20-1.54). CONCLUSIONS Low SMI is associated with the risk of FLI-defined NAFLD independent of other well-known metabolic risk factors in both genders. This association may differ according to age group or menopausal status. Further studies are warranted to confirm this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yeon Kim
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Luo Y, Dong X, Yu Y, Sun G, Sun X. Total aralosides of aralia elata (Miq) seem (TASAES) ameliorate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by modulating IRE1α-mediated JNK and NF-κB pathways in ApoE-/- mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 163:241-250. [PMID: 25655997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Total saponins of Aralia elata (Miq) Seem (TASAES) from the Chinese traditional herb Long ya Aralia chinensis L. is popularly used as a folk medicine to treat rheumatism, neurasthenia, diabetes, hepatitis and antivirus in Asian countries. However, there was poor study of TASAES on Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is characterized by inflammatory responses and hepatocellular apoptosis exacerbating liver injury. This study aimed to clarify whether or not the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities and protective mechanisms of the total aralosides of Aralia elata (Miq) Seem (TASAES) ameliorate NASH in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced ApoE-/- mouse model. MATERIAL AND METHODS C57/BL6N and ApoE-/- mice were fed with HFD containing 0.3% cholesterol and 20% fat to induce NASH and then treated with TASAES (75,150mg/kg/day, i.g.) for 12 weeks. Liver tissue was procured for histological examination, real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS ASAES treatment groups exhibited lower serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases than the NASH group. TASAES could also reduce hepatic steatosis, as revealed by histological changes. In addition, TASAES treatment groups showed lower protein and mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α than NASH group. Reduced TUNEL-positive cells were also found in TASAES treatment groups. Western blot and immunohistochemical results indicated that TASAES regulated apoptosis and inflammation-related protein expression. Furthermore, TASAES treatment significantly reduced the phosphorylation of IRE1α, JNK and IκB and the downstream activation of NF-κB p65 was also reduced. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that the ameliorative effects of TASASE in HFD-induced NASH were associated with the regulation of IRE1α-mediated JNK and NF-κB signal pathways, thereby protecting the liver against NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xi Dong
- Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Bi X, Liu W, Xia X, Chen L, Mu T, Liu J, Hou Y, Zhao Y. Effects of Callistephus chinensis flower polyphones on improving metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-induced mice. Food Funct 2014; 5:3304-10. [PMID: 25367327 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00637b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Callistephus chinensis flower (CCF) polyphones on symptoms of metabolic syndrome in a newly developed high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mouse model. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD; 50% energy as fat) with normal drinking fluid or HFD with CCF polyphones (50 mg L(-1) or 100 mg L(-1)) in drinking fluid for 12 weeks. As a comparison, mice fed a normal-fat (NFD; 10% energy as fat) and with normal drinking fluid were also included. The HFD group developed more severe symptoms of metabolic syndrome than the NFD group. CCF polyphones treatment significantly reduced fecal lipids compared to the HFD group, suggesting a strong indication of improved lipid metabolism. Liver damage and liver triglyceride levels were also decreased by CCF polyphones treatment. Moreover, both morphologic and histological detections indicated that CCF polyphones significantly reversed HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and liver injury. Furthermore, CCF polyphones significantly ameliorated both HFD-induced metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, and inflammatory cytokines, including interlukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Moreover, hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα) and the gene involved in PPARα, Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOX), were markedly up-regulated at protein levels by CCF polyphones. Our results demonstrate that the HFD produces metabolic syndrome of NAFLD, and CCF polyphones treatment can alleviate these symptoms. The beneficial effects of CCF polyphones are associated with improved lipid metabolism and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Bi
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, People's Republic of China.
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Zigmond E, Tayer-Shifman O, Lalazar G, Ben Ya'acov A, Weksler-Zangen S, Shasha D, Sklair-Levy M, Zolotarov L, Shalev Z, Kalman R, Ziv E, Raz I, Ilan Y. β-glycosphingolipids ameliorated non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in the Psammomys obesus model. J Inflamm Res 2014; 7:151-8. [PMID: 25336983 PMCID: PMC4200037 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s50508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver steatosis is a common characteristic of obesity and type 2 diabetes, and fatty liver disease is increasingly recognized as a major health burden. Accumulating evidence suggests that β-glycosphingolipids play an important role in insulin sensitivity and thus could affect hepatic steatosis. To determine the effect associated with β-glycosphingolipid-mediated amelioration of liver injury, seven groups of Psammomys obesus on a high-energy diet were studied. Animals were treated with daily injections of β-glucosylceramide, β-lactosylceramide, or a combination of both. β-glycosphingolipids ameliorated the hepatic injury manifested by decreased liver enzymes, liver weight, and hepatic fat, and improved liver histology. Administration of both β-glucosylceramide and β-lactosylceramide also decreased interferon (IFN)-γ serum levels. These effects were associated with improved serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. These data suggest that β-glycosphingolipids ameliorate liver injury in an animal model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Zigmond
- Liver Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Gadi Lalazar
- Liver Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ami Ben Ya'acov
- Liver Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - David Shasha
- Liver Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Miriam Sklair-Levy
- Department of Radiology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lidya Zolotarov
- Liver Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zvi Shalev
- Liver Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rony Kalman
- Diabetes Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ehud Ziv
- Diabetes Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Itamar Raz
- Diabetes Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Liver Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Wang SQ, Huang Y. Advances in research of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:3410-3415. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i23.3410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to a clinicopathologic syndrome characterized by a spectrum of histological abnormalities such as hepatocyte fatty degeneration and liver inflammation, not including those caused by alcohol and other specific factors. NAFLD is a heredity, environmental, metabolic disease, and its spectrum ranges from nonalcoholic fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver cirrhosis.
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Abstract
Oxidative stress is linked to several human diseases, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this study, lymphocytes were used as a model to study this disease. These cells offer several advantages for cellular and molecular studies such as easy accessibility, and they are easily accessible and constitute a "time-persistent" system capable of reflecting the condition of the whole organism. Lymphocytes from patients with NASH display oxidative stress features. Among the possible causes for the overproduction of reactive oxygen species in NASH lymphocytes, there might be alterations of enzymatic pathways, auto-oxidation of glucose and mitochondrial superoxide production, which, in turn, would lead to protein oxidative damage. Increased oxidative stress in lymphocytes from patients with NASH may result in a pro-oxidative environment, which, in turn, could modify the pathway of the enzymatic activities. The data confirm that an imbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant defense mechanisms may be an important factor in NASH.
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Ameer F, Scandiuzzi L, Hasnain S, Kalbacher H, Zaidi N. De novo lipogenesis in health and disease. Metabolism 2014; 63:895-902. [PMID: 24814684 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND De novo lipogenesis (DNL) is a complex and highly regulated metabolic pathway. In normal conditions DNL converts excess carbohydrate into fatty acids that are then esterified to storage triacylglycerols (TGs). These TGs could later provide energy via β-oxidation. In human body this pathway is primarily active in liver and adipose tissue. However, it is considered to be a minor contributor to the serum lipid homeostasis. Deregulations in the lipogenic pathway are associated with diverse pathological conditions. SCOPE OF REVIEW The present review focuses on our current understanding of the lipogenic pathway with special reference to the causes and consequences of aberrant DNL. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The deregulation of DNL in the major lipogenic tissues of the human body is often observed in various metabolic anomalies - including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome. In addition to that de novo lipogenesis is reported to be exacerbated in cancer tissues, virus infected cells etc. These observations suggest that inhibitors of the DNL pathway might serve as therapeutically significant compounds. The effectiveness of these inhibitors in treatment of cancer and obesity has been suggested by previous works. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE De novo lipogenesis - which is an intricate and highly regulated pathway - can lead to adverse metabolic consequences when deregulated. Therapeutic targeting of this pathway may open a new window of opportunity for combating various lipogenesis-driven pathological conditions - including obesity, cancer and certain viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ameer
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | - Lisa Scandiuzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Shahida Hasnain
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | - Hubert Kalbacher
- Medical and Natural Sciences Research Centre, University of Tubingen, Germany
| | - Nousheen Zaidi
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan.
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Li S, Meng F, Liao X, Wang Y, Sun Z, Guo F, Li X, Meng M, Li Y, Sun C. Therapeutic role of ursolic acid on ameliorating hepatic steatosis and improving metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86724. [PMID: 24489777 PMCID: PMC3906058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent liver diseases around the world, and is closely associated with obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. Ursolic acid (UA), an ubiquitous triterpenoid with multifold biological roles, is distributed in various plants. This study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanisms of UA against hepatic steatosis in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rat model. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Obese NAFLD model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats by 8-week HFD feeding. Therapeutic role of UA was evaluated using 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5% UA-supplemented diet for another 6 weeks. The results from both morphologic and histological detections indicated that UA significantly reversed HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and liver injury. Besides, hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α was markedly up-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels by UA. Knocking down PPAR-α significantly inhibited the anti-steatosis role of UA in vitro. HFD-induced adverse changes in the key genes, which participated in hepatic lipid metabolism, were also alleviated by UA treatment. Furthermore, UA significantly ameliorated HFD-induced metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrated that UA effectively ameliorated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis through a PPAR-α involved pathway, via improving key enzymes in the controlling of lipids metabolism. The metabolic disorders were accordingly improved with the decrease of hepatic steatosis. Thereby, UA could be a promising candidate for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, P. R. China
| | - Fanyu Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, P. R. China
| | - Xilu Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, P. R. China
| | - Yemei Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, P. R. China
| | - Zongxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, P. R. China
| | - Fuchuan Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, P. R. China
| | - Man Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, P. R. China
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, P. R. China
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Gliozzi M, Carresi C, Musolino V, Palma E, Muscoli C, Vitale C, Gratteri S, Muscianisi G, Janda E, Muscoli S, Romeo F, Ragusa S, Mollace R, Walker R, Ehrlich J, Mollace V. The Effect of Bergamot-Derived Polyphenolic Fraction on LDL Small Dense Particles and Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/abc.2014.42017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Elsheikh E, Henry LL, Younossi ZM. Current management of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2013; 8:549-558. [PMID: 30736139 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2013.846212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progressive form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the most common causes of chronic liver disease in industrialized countries. NAFLD has also been strongly associated with type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This study was a multipurposed review, which included discussion of recent studies investigating the cellular and genetic basis of these diseases, the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the current treatment and management of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Currently, maintaining a healthy weight through dietary changes and exercise, the use of insulin-modulating pharmacologic agents for diabetes control and the use of lipid-lowering, anti-oxidants have been the most widely recommended treatments. Inclusion of pathogenic mechanisms in treatment design will allow future therapies to target-specific pathways involved in NAFLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzafir Elsheikh
- a Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Center for Liver Diseases, Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Linda L Henry
- a Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Center for Liver Diseases, Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
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Barbieri M, Esposito A, Angellotti E, Rizzo MR, Marfella R, Paolisso G. Association of genetic variation in adaptor protein APPL1/APPL2 loci with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71391. [PMID: 23977033 PMCID: PMC3747137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of genetics and epigenetic changes in the pathogenesis of non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasingly recognized. Adiponectin has a central role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism and controlling inflammation in insulin-sensitive tissues and low adiponectin levels have been linked to NAFLD. APPL1 and APPL2 are adaptor proteins that interact with the intracellular region of adiponectin receptors and mediate adiponectin signaling and its effects on metabolism. The aim of our study was the evaluation of a potential association between variants at APPL1 and APPL2 loci and NAFLD occurrence. The impact on liver damage and hepatic steatosis severity has been also evaluated. To this aim allele frequency and genotype distribution of APPL1- rs3806622 and -rs4640525 and APPL2-rs 11112412 variants were evaluated in 223 subjects with clinical diagnosis of NAFLD and compared with 231 healthy subjects. The impact of APPL1 and APPL2 SNPs on liver damage and hepatic steatosis severity has been also evaluated. The minor-allele combination APPL1-C/APPL2-A was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD (OR = 2.50 95% CI 1.45–4.32; p<0.001) even after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides and adiponectin levels. This allele combination carrier had higher plasma alanine aminotransferase levels (Diff = 15.08 [7.60–22.57] p = 0.001) and an increased frequency of severe steatosis compared to the reference allele combination (OR = 3.88; 95% CI 1.582–9.531; p<0.001). In conclusion, C-APPL1/A-APPL2 allele combination is associated with NAFLD occurrence, with a more severe hepatic steatosis grade and with a reduced adiponectin cytoprotective effect on liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Geriatric Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Esposito
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Geriatric Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Edith Angellotti
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Geriatric Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Rizzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Geriatric Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Geriatric Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Geriatric Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Yokono M, Tahara A, Kurosaki E, Yamajuku D, Kihara R, Imamura M, Tomiyama H, Kobayashi Y, Noda A, Shibasaki M. Pharmacological Characterization of YM543, a Newly Synthesized, Orally Active SGLT2 Selective Inhibitor. Endocr Res 2013; 38:168-183. [PMID: 23374077 DOI: 10.3109/07435800.2012.746364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 is a specifically expressed transporter in the kidney that plays an important role in renal glucose reabsorption, and its inhibition may present a novel therapeutic strategy for treating diabetes. Here, we pharmacologically characterized YM543, a newly synthesized SGLT2 selective inhibitor to test this theory. RESULTS In vitro studies revealed that YM543 potently and selectively inhibited mouse and human SGLT2 activities at nanomolar ranges. In vivo single oral administration of YM543 dose-dependently and significantly reduced blood glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance with a concomitant increase in urinary glucose excretion in KK/Ay type 2 diabetic mice, effects that were sustained even after 12 h. Repeated once-daily oral administration of YM543 for 5 weeks significantly reduced hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic mice. In addition, combination treatment of YM543 with rosiglitazone or metformin additively improved diabetic symptoms. In contrast, YM543 did not affect normoglycemia at pharmacological doses in normal mice. CONCLUSIONS Results from the present study suggest that YM543 is an orally active SGLT2 selective inhibitor which reduces hyperglycemia with a concomitant increase in urinary glucose excretion, indicating its promise as an effective treatment against type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yokono
- a Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc. , Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsuo Tahara
- a Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc. , Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eiji Kurosaki
- a Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc. , Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamajuku
- a Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc. , Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rumi Kihara
- a Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc. , Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masakazu Imamura
- a Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc. , Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomiyama
- b Research and Development Department, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Sakaki-machi, Hanishina-gun, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kobayashi
- c Research Laboratories, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Sakaki-machi, Hanishina-gun, Nagano, Japan
| | - Atsushi Noda
- c Research Laboratories, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Sakaki-machi, Hanishina-gun, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shibasaki
- a Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc. , Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Lin CW, Zhang H, Li M, Xiong X, Chen X, Chen X, Dong XX, Yin XM. Pharmacological promotion of autophagy alleviates steatosis and injury in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver conditions in mice. J Hepatol 2013; 58:993-9. [PMID: 23339953 PMCID: PMC3634371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pharmacological approaches can potentially improve fatty liver condition in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. The salutary effects of reducing lipid synthesis or promoting lipid oxidation have been well reported, but the benefits of increasing lipid degradation have yet to be well explored. Macroautophagy is a cellular degradation process that can remove subcellular organelles including lipid droplets. We thus investigated whether pharmacological modulation of macroautophagy could be an effective approach to alleviate fatty liver condition and liver injury. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were given ethanol via intraperitoneal injection (acute) or by a 4-week oral feeding regime (chronic), or high fat diet for 12 weeks. An autophagy enhancer, carbamazepine or rapamycin, or an autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine, was given before sacrifice. Activation of autophagy, level of hepatic steatosis, and blood levels of triglycerides, liver enzyme, glucose and insulin were measured. RESULTS In both acute and chronic ethanol condition, macroautophagy was activated. Carbamazepine, as well as rapamycin, enhanced ethanol-induced macroautophagy in hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo. Hepatic steatosis and liver injury were exacerbated by chloroquine, but alleviated by carbamazepine. The protective effects of carbamazepine and rapamycin in reducing steatosis and in improving insulin sensitivity were also demonstrated in high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver condition. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that pharmacological modulation of macroautophagy in the liver can be an effective strategy for reducing fatty liver condition and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wen Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Xiwen Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Xiaocheng X. Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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50
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Lin CW, Zhang H, Li M, Xiong X, Chen X, Chen X, Dong XC, Yin XM. Pharmacological promotion of autophagy alleviates steatosis and injury in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver conditions in mice. J Hepatol 2013. [PMID: 23339953 DOI: 10.1124/10.1016/j.jhep.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pharmacological approaches can potentially improve fatty liver condition in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. The salutary effects of reducing lipid synthesis or promoting lipid oxidation have been well reported, but the benefits of increasing lipid degradation have yet to be well explored. Macroautophagy is a cellular degradation process that can remove subcellular organelles including lipid droplets. We thus investigated whether pharmacological modulation of macroautophagy could be an effective approach to alleviate fatty liver condition and liver injury. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were given ethanol via intraperitoneal injection (acute) or by a 4-week oral feeding regime (chronic), or high fat diet for 12 weeks. An autophagy enhancer, carbamazepine or rapamycin, or an autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine, was given before sacrifice. Activation of autophagy, level of hepatic steatosis, and blood levels of triglycerides, liver enzyme, glucose and insulin were measured. RESULTS In both acute and chronic ethanol condition, macroautophagy was activated. Carbamazepine, as well as rapamycin, enhanced ethanol-induced macroautophagy in hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo. Hepatic steatosis and liver injury were exacerbated by chloroquine, but alleviated by carbamazepine. The protective effects of carbamazepine and rapamycin in reducing steatosis and in improving insulin sensitivity were also demonstrated in high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver condition. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that pharmacological modulation of macroautophagy in the liver can be an effective strategy for reducing fatty liver condition and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wen Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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