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Cao J, Xu X, Liu X, Shen Z, Fu X, Man X, Zhao S. Profiles of Family and School Experiences and Adjustment of Adolescents During the Transition to High School. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-01997-6. [PMID: 38730128 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01997-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Although family and school experiences play an important role in adolescents' adjustment during the transition to high school, most prior studies investigated the effects of these experiences in isolation; their joint implications for both adolescents' concurrent and long-term adjustment outcomes are less clear, and the potential role of individual characteristics within such associations remains understudied. Based on 525 10th graders (Mage = 15.48, SDage = 0.71, 43.6% boys) who participated in a longitudinal study, the present research aimed to identify distinct family and school experience profiles among first-year high school students and examine their associations with adolescents' internalizing problems and externalizing problems, both concurrently and 18 months later. Latent profile analysis revealed four distinctive profiles: thriving, low resources-moderate family risk, developmental stress-high parental conflicts, and developmental stress-high peer victimization profiles. The other three profiles (vs. the thriving profile) reported significantly higher levels of concurrent internalizing problems; while these differences diminished after 18 months. However, the enduring impacts of these profiles on internalizing problems persisted among adolescents with higher levels of environmental sensitivity. Additionally, adolescents characterized by two developmental stress profiles (vs. the thriving profile) exhibited significantly higher levels of externalizing problems both currently and longitudinally. Findings underscore the importance of identifying at-risk populations among adolescents during the transition to high school by including both family and school experiences when examining environmental influence on their adjustment, as well as the necessity to take individual environmental sensitivity into account when examining these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Xu
- School of Arts and Communication, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijiao Shen
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewei Fu
- The Affiliated Shenzhen School of Guangdong Experimental High School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaochen Man
- Shandong Traffic Technician College, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Wang J, Chen K, Huang X, Jin Z, He J, Han B, Feng L, Meng N, Yang C, Yao P, Li Z. Parent-child attachment mediates the association between parental conflict perceptions and suicide intention: a cross-sectional survey among middle school students in China. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1332095. [PMID: 38633232 PMCID: PMC11021730 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1332095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adolescent suicide is a prevalent issue globally, with various factors contributing to this phenomenon. This study aimed to investigate these factors and their interrelationships to better understand the causes of adolescent suicide and provide evidence for its prevention. Methods This study conducted among middle school students in Liaoning Province, China, from April to May 2016, A cross-sectional survey was administered to 1,028 students aged 10-19, using instruments such as the Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC), and revised version of Inventory of Parent Attachment (IPPA-R). Result Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that adolescents aged 15-19, adolescents with strong perceptions of parental conflict were at high risk of suicide intention. Adolescents living in rural areas, adolescents with high mother-child attachment, adolescents with high father-child attachment were at low risk of suicide intention. Furthermore, parent-child attachment played a mediating role between two dimensions of parental conflict perception (resolved situations and response effect) and suicide intention. Discussion The study concludes that adolescents living in urban areas, older adolescents, adolescents with a high level of parental conflict intensity, and those with low levels of parent-child attachment are at high risk of suicide intention. parent-child attachment played a mediating role between two dimensions of parental conflict perception (resolved situations and response effect) and suicide intention. Interventions aimed at reducing family conflicts and improving parent-child relationships are recommended to decrease the incidence of adolescent suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiana Wang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyuan Huang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiyu Jin
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bingsong Han
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Nana Meng
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Cong Yang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Pin Yao
- Department of Health Management, Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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O’Hara KL, Cummings EM, Davies PT. Interparental conflict and adolescent emotional security across family structures. FAMILY PROCESS 2024; 63:265-283. [PMID: 36929144 PMCID: PMC10504417 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether interparental conflict was differentially related to forms of emotional security (i.e., family, interparental, parent-child) and whether forms of emotional security were differentially associated with mental health problems for adolescents in married versus divorced/separated families. Participants were 1032 adolescents (ages 10-15; 51% male, 49% female; 82% non-Hispanic White, 9% Black/African American, 5% Hispanic, 2% Asian or Pacific Islander, 2% Native American) recruited from a public school in a middle-class suburb of a United States metropolitan area. We used multiple group multivariate path analysis to assess (1) associations between interparental conflict and multiple measures of emotional insecurity (i.e., family, interparental, and parent-child), (2) associations between measures of emotional insecurity and internalizing and externalizing problems, and (3) moderation effects of parent-child relationships. The patterns of association were similar across family structures. A high-quality parent-child relationship did not mitigate the harmful effects of interparental conflict on emotional insecurity or mental health problems. Findings suggest that regardless of family structure, emotional security across multiple family systems may be a critical target for intervention to prevent youth mental health problems, in addition to interventions that reduce conflict and improve parent-child relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karey L. O’Hara
- REACH Institute, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University
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van Berkel SR, Prevoo MJL, Linting M, Pannebakker F, Alink LRA. What About the Children? Co-Occurrence of Child Maltreatment and Parental Separation. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2024; 29:53-65. [PMID: 36154718 PMCID: PMC10720258 DOI: 10.1177/10775595221130074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate (a) the extent to which child maltreatment co-occurs with parental separation and (b) associations between different types of child maltreatment and various types of separation-associated interparental conflict. Professionals working with children (N = 785) reported each case of suspected child maltreatment they observed during a 3-month period and indicated whether parental divorce or separation was about to take place or had taken place. This resulted in 530 reported cases that matched the definitions of child maltreatment for which information on parental relationship status was available. Most of the maltreated children (60%) also experienced (impending) parental separation. In 69% of these cases child maltreatment was associated with parental separation. Particularly, cases of emotional neglect, and emotional abuse co-occurred with parental separation. In addition, four clusters of separation-associated interparental conflict were distinguished- No observed conflict, Non-physical conflict, Verbal and physical conflict, and Multiple conflict-which were associated with child and family characteristics and specific types of child maltreatment. The results of this study suggest that child maltreatment often co-occurs with parental separation, especially when there is a considerable amount of interparental conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila R. van Berkel
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle J. L. Prevoo
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Research Support and Development, University Library, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle Linting
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lenneke R. A. Alink
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Lan X, Mastrotheodoros S. Teacher Autonomy Support and Internalizing Problems of Adolescents from Divorced and Intact Families: Moderation by Personality Typologies. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:182-194. [PMID: 35789448 PMCID: PMC10796540 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The present research compared internalizing problems of adolescents who experienced parental divorce with those of adolescents who remained in intact families. Furthermore, this research investigated the association of teacher autonomy support with adolescents' internalizing problems for the whole sample and further ascertained whether this association was moderated by distinctive personality profiles using a person-centered approach and family structures (divorced vs. intact families). A sample of 2756 Chinese adolescents (8.5% from divorced families), aged 13-18 years, participated in the present research. They completed a set of self-reported questionnaires during school hours. Results based on ANCOVA showed that adolescents who experienced parental divorce reported higher internalizing problems than did those who remained in intact families. Moreover, latent profile analysis revealed three personality profiles: psychopathic (22.7%), normative (56.4%), and resilient (20.9%). In addition, teacher autonomy support was negatively related to adolescents' internalizing problems in the overall sample. However, interaction analyses further exhibited that this association was insignificant for psychopathic adolescents who experienced parental divorce. The current findings indicate that although teacher autonomy support may protect adolescents from internalizing problems, psychopathic adolescents whose parents got divorced should be paid exceptional attention by mental health professionals and school counselors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Lan
- Promenta Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Stefanos Mastrotheodoros
- Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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O’Hara KL, Wolchik SA, Sandler IN, West SG, Reis HT, Collins LM, Lyon AR, Cummings EM. Preventing Mental Health Problems in Children After High Conflict Parental Separation/Divorce Study: An Optimization Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol. MENTAL HEALTH & PREVENTION 2023; 32:200301. [PMID: 38496232 PMCID: PMC10938851 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhp.2023.200301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Parental divorce is a childhood stressor that affects approximately 1.1 million children in the U.S. annually. The children at greatest risk for deleterious mental health consequences are those exposed to high interparental conflict (IPC) following the separation/divorce. Research shows that children's emotional security and coping efficacy mediate the impact of IPC on their mental health. Interventions targeting their adaptive coping in response to IPC events may bolster their emotional security and coping efficacy. However, existing coping interventions have not been tested with children exposed to high post-separation/divorce IPC, nor has any study assessed the effects of individual intervention components on children's coping with IPC and their mental health. This intensive longitudinal intervention study examines the mechanisms through which coping intervention components impact children's responses to interactions in interparental relationships. A 23 factorial experiment will assess whether, and to what extent, three candidate intervention components demonstrate main and interactive effects on children's coping and mental health. Children aged 9-12 (target N = 144) will be randomly assigned to one of eight combinations of three components with two levels each: (1) reappraisal (present vs. absent), (2) distraction (present vs. absent), (3) relaxation (present vs. absent). The primary outcomes are child-report emotional security and coping efficacy at one-month post-intervention. Secondary outcomes include internalizing and externalizing problems at the three-month follow-up. Based on data from this optimization phase RCT, intervention components will be selected to comprise a multi-component intervention and assessed for effectiveness in a subsequent evaluation phase RCT.
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Li Y, Ye Y, Zhou X. Parent-child relationship, parenting behaviors, and adolescents' depressive symptoms after an earthquake: unraveling within-adolescent associations from between-adolescent differences. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023:10.1007/s00787-023-02319-0. [PMID: 37924379 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed temporal associations between parent-child relationship, parenting behaviors (i.e., warmth, rejection, and overprotection), and adolescents' depressive symptoms after trauma, using random-intercept cross-lagged panel models to distinguish between- and within-adolescent differences. We surveyed Chinese adolescents 12 (Aug 2018; T1), 21 (May 2019; T2), 27 (Nov 2019; T3) months after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake that occurred in August 2017. Of the 585 adolescents who participated in at least two waves of the study, mean age at T1 was 15.50 years old (SD = 1.58 years) and 57.8% were girls. Controlling adolescents' gender, age, ethnicity, trauma exposure at T1, and parents' marital status, between-adolescent results showed that parent-child relationship and parenting behaviors, parent-child relationship and depressive symptoms were correlated across models of parental warmth, rejection, and overprotection, whereas depressive symptoms were only correlated with parental rejection and overprotection. Within-adolescent results indicated that parent-child relationship and adolescents' depressive symptoms had bidirectional associations via the mediation of parental warmth from T1 to T3. Over the longer term following the earthquake, we found that parental rejection was bidirectionally associated with adolescents' depressive symptoms, whereas parental overprotection was unidirectionally influenced by adolescents' depressive symptoms from T2 to T3. In addition, more depressive symptoms in adolescents were associated with worsening parent-child relationship from T2 to T3. In conclusion, shortly after trauma, interventions should focus on improving parent-child relationship and relieving adolescents' depressive symptoms. Over the longer term after trauma, relieving adolescents' depressive symptoms should be prioritized to avoid its eroding effects on parent-child relationship and parenting behaviors, and to break the "vicious cycle".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Yingying Ye
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China.
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Frederiksen KS, Hesse M, Pedersen MU. Problematic parental substance use, childhood family structures and adverse outcomes in young adulthood. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2023; 40:502-519. [PMID: 37969903 PMCID: PMC10634387 DOI: 10.1177/14550725221143177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between childhood family structures, including the presence or absence of problematic parental substance use (PPSU), and adverse outcomes during adolescence/young adulthood. Methods: The study population included 9,770 young people (aged 15-25 years) from samples drawn for two national surveys in Denmark during 2014-2015. By combining surveys with national register data, five types of childhood family structures were constructed based on whether the child experienced PPSU and/or family separation and the number of years the child lived with a parent with substance use problems. Using binary logistic regression models, the relationships between family structure and adverse outcomes in young adulthood (i.e., hospital admissions, mental disorders and criminality) were investigated. Results: Young people who experienced PPSU and did not live with both parents had higher odds of the different long-term adverse outcomes compared with young people who did not experience PPSU, and similar odds of the outcomes compared to youth who had not experienced PPSU and did not live with both parents. The highest odds of adverse outcomes were found among young people who experienced PPSU and lived with the parent with substance use problems for less than five years. Conclusions: Living with both parents protected against adverse outcomes in young adulthood, and if PPSU was present, the odds of adverse outcomes increased. The hypothesis that there would be a positive association between years living with a parent with substance use problems and adverse outcomes in young adulthood was not supported. Awareness should be raised in health service, educational and legal institutions about the risk for young people from families with PPSU who do not live with both parents.
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Glucklich T. Dispute intensity, parent-child relationships and child functioning: Analysis of social workers' reports on families with high-intensity parental disputes. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 144:106342. [PMID: 37459736 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High Intensity Parental Dispute (HIPD) is a universal phenomenon that has grave ramifications on the dyadic and familial cells, which are receiving considerable attention in the research, public and professional discourses. However, a significant gap exists between the intensive involvement of systems in this phenomenon, and their ability to characterize and measure cardinal concepts defining it. OBJECTIVE The goal of the present study is to examine how indicators that are recognized in literature on HIPD are manifested in the practice of social workers involved in this sphere. More specifically, three dimensions included in evaluations on families involved in HIPD will be examined: dispute intensity, parent-child relationships, and child functioning. METHOD The sample included 199 written reports by social workers on families deemed by the court to be involved in HIPD. First, encoding systems for each dimension were developed using deductive content analysis. Second, the frequency of the indicators was examined and qualitatively different subgroups within each dimension were identified using Latent Class Analysis (LCA) or Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). RESULTS The findings uncovered two significantly different groups for couples involved in HIPD and revealed the common profiles for parent-child relationships and for child functioning. CONCLUSIONS The findings illustrate that there is no single characterization that can accurately describe different dimensions in the lives of families with HIPD, rather that subgroups with different behaviors should be expected to emerge. Thus, the findings emphasize the importance of using systematic measurements for identification and evaluation that could assist in fine tuning interventions and optimized resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Glucklich
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work at Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Moya-López M, Gómez-De Diego R, Carrillo-Díaz M, Romero-Maroto M, Ruiz-Guillén A. Eating Behaviours, Oral Hygiene, and Caries in a Population of Spanish Children with Divorced Parents: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6189. [PMID: 37834833 PMCID: PMC10573771 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries are a public health problem that is influenced by dietary habits. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the feeding and hygiene habits that divorced parents exercise over their children compared to non-divorced parents, and how this may influence the rate of caries in their children. The data of participants (n = 174) with an average age of 12.17 ± 2.04 years were examined to assess the mean decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) index, and they were asked questions about their oral hygiene habits. At the same time, their parents answered the parental feeding style questionnaire. A moderation analysis was conducted with family control of oral hygiene habit levels as an independent variable, decayed teeth as a dependent variable, and feeding control as a moderating variable. Results showed that divorced parents were found to have more problems in controlling their children's hygiene and dietary habits, have less control over their children's feeding, and make more use of instrumental feeding, which led to children of divorced parents having more caries. Despite the limitations linked to the cross-sectional design of the study and considering both the convenience sample and the impossibility of controlling for all aetiological factors linked to the development of caries, it can be concluded that children of divorced parents have an increased risk of tooth decay. However, parental controlled feeding interferes with the effect of family controlled oral hygiene habits on the decayed tooth, decreasing the rate of caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Moya-López
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (M.C.-D.); (M.R.-M.); (A.R.-G.)
| | | | - María Carrillo-Díaz
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (M.C.-D.); (M.R.-M.); (A.R.-G.)
| | - Martín Romero-Maroto
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (M.C.-D.); (M.R.-M.); (A.R.-G.)
| | - Ana Ruiz-Guillén
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (M.C.-D.); (M.R.-M.); (A.R.-G.)
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Van Schalkwyk J, Gentz S. Factors affecting resilience in Namibian children exposed to parental divorce: a Q-Methodology study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1221697. [PMID: 37701873 PMCID: PMC10493287 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1221697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Divorce is a contributor to family instability within sub-Saharan Africa, and specifically within Namibia, an increasing number of children are exposed to its impact. However, not all children react uniformly to the impact of parental divorce, and many children may be resilient. Understanding what promotes resilience in children post-divorce in African contexts is vital, given the unique socio-cultural context. Therefore, this study aimed to understand how some children are capable of resilience despite exposure to parental divorce in Namibia. Methods A multiple case study design was employed to assess the lived experiences of children aged 9-12 post-parental divorce in Windhoek. Using the Child and Youth Resilience Measurement (CYRM-12) scale, 24 children exposed to parental divorce were screened for resiliency. The Q-Methodology, with visual material, was utilized with a sub-sample of 12 children who scored high on the CYRM (50% girls, mean age = 11) to eliminate some of the challenges associated with gathering qualitative data from younger children. The PQ Method 2.35 software program was used for data analysis. Results By-person factor analysis identified four statistically significant profiles. A third (33%) of participants loaded on a factor emphasizing "quality parent-child relationships" and a further 33% emphasizing "effective parent conflict resolution." The final two factors emphasized "healthy school attachment" (17%) and "strong community attachment" (17%). All children emphasized a stable, loving familial environment, and frequent visitation with the non-custodial father. Discussion Our findings suggest that multiple social ecologies nurture resilience in children exposed to parental divorce in Namibia. Support should be extended beyond the perimeters of the nuclear family, and relationships with extended family members, peer groups, school, and the wider community can play an important role in children's adjustment. The study highlights the importance of contextually grounded resilience as some factors that are emphasized for children from more Western communities do not reflect as strongly in the results of this study. Other factors, including a stronger reliance on community and factors such as the school, peers, and extended family members, may play a bigger role in child resilience post-divorce in Namibia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shelene Gentz
- Department of Psychology and Social Work, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
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Walper S, Ulrich SM, Kindler H. [Family stressors on young children's emotional development]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023:10.1007/s00103-023-03730-3. [PMID: 37402949 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03730-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) have been pointed out as risk factors for physical and mental health, with consequences extending from childhood into adulthood. Based on research regarding the effects of selected ACE as well as the accumulation of ACE, this article investigates how different types of family stressors are linked to children's negative emotionality in infancy and early childhood. METHODS Data are from the KiD 0-3 study (N = 5583) and the follow-up of a subsample after 2 years (n = 681). Based on 14 stress factors, we distinguish families with no/little stressors, socioeconomic stressors, parenting stressors, and multiple stressors. RESULTS Children in multiply stressed families have the highest risk of high negative emotionality (compared to unstressed families: Odds Ratios [OR] ranging from 13.00 to 6.81), controlling for demographic characteristics, child-related stress factors (e.g., excessive crying), and caregiver childhood stress. Children in families primarily characterized by parenting stress also showed a significantly increased risk of high negative emotionality (OR ranging from 8.31 to 6.95), whereas this did not hold for children from socioeconomically stressed families (without parenting stress) compared to those from unstressed families. Longitudinal analyses of the follow-up subsample showed that changes in the number of stressors were also associated with parallel changes in children's negative emotionality. DISCUSSION These results confirm findings from international research on ACE in Germany and for early childhood. They underline the importance of a well-developed early intervention system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Walper
- Deutsches Jugendinstitut, Nockherstr. 2, 81541, München, Deutschland.
| | - Susanne M Ulrich
- Deutsches Jugendinstitut, Nockherstr. 2, 81541, München, Deutschland
| | - Heinz Kindler
- Deutsches Jugendinstitut, Nockherstr. 2, 81541, München, Deutschland
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Vowels LM, Comolli CL, Bernardi L, Chacón-Mendoza D, Darwiche J. Systematic review and theoretical comparison of children's outcomes in post-separation living arrangements. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288112. [PMID: 37390081 PMCID: PMC10313020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the systematic review was to synthesize the literature on children's outcomes across different living arrangements (nuclear families, shared physical custody [SPC], lone physical custody [LPC]) by extracting and structuring relevant theoretical hypotheses (selection, instability, fewer resources, and stressful mobility) and comparing the empirical findings against these hypotheses. Following the PRISMA guidelines, the review included 39 studies conducted between January 2010-December 2022 and compared the living arrangements across five domains of children's outcomes: emotional, behavioral, relational, physical, and educational. The results showed that children's outcomes were the best in nuclear families but in 75% of the studies children in SPC arrangements had equal outcomes. Children in LPC tended to report the worst outcomes. When compared with the different theoretical hypotheses, the results were the most consistent with fewer resources hypothesis which suggests that children especially in LPC families have fewer relational and economic resources whereas children in SPC families are better able to maintain resources from both parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Vowels
- Family and Development Research Center (FADO), Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chiara L. Comolli
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Bernardi
- LIVES, Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Chacón-Mendoza
- Center for Research and Political Studies, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Joëlle Darwiche
- Family and Development Research Center (FADO), Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Social goals and gains of adolescent bullying and aggression: A meta-analysis. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2023.101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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15
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Herrero M, Roca P, Cormenzana S, Martínez-Pampliega A. The efficacy of postdivorce intervention programs for children: A meta-analytical review. FAMILY PROCESS 2023; 62:74-93. [PMID: 36054156 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Preventive postdivorce interventions aim to help children cope with divorce and promote their adjustment. Nevertheless, questions remain regarding the concrete outcomes of these interventions and the intervention characteristics that influence them. This meta-analysis of 30 studies analyzes the efficacy of postdivorce interventions on children's symptomatology, personal resources, and adaptation to divorce. Likewise, it explores whether the intervention impacts the putative mediators from the family context and whether the characteristics of the studies themselves also influence the results. Using a data set of N = 4344 individuals, 258 effect sizes were calculated. Random effects analyses evidenced the impact of the interventions on specific variables instead of on children's global adjustment. There were no significant effects on children's mental health outcomes, and none of these effects were qualified by the moderators that were examined. Preventive postdivorce interventions had significant effects, specifically on children's divorce adjustment and self-esteem. The study of the moderators found that the interventions were generally homogeneous, and only one of the 20 moderators examined had a significant effect. Based on children's age, the interventions had an impact on family functioning only when they involved younger children, but this result should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample of studies. This meta-analysis provides evidence of the relevance of postdivorce interventions to critical variables as well as information about the role of the intervention characteristics in the effects and makes suggestions for future research on divorce interventions that encompass both practical and empirical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Herrero
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Deusto University, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Patricia Roca
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Deusto University, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Susana Cormenzana
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Deusto University, Bilbao, Spain
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16
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Steinbach A. Coparenting as a mediator between physical custody arrangements and children's mental health. FAMILY PROCESS 2023. [PMID: 36647297 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The detrimental effects of parental break-up on children's mental health are well-documented. However, research has also shown that children living in joint physical custody (JPC) arrangements often fare better than children living in sole physical custody (SPC) arrangements. Thus, the question arises: What are the differences between JPC and SPC that account for those results? Drawing on data from the Family Models in Germany (FAMOD) study conducted in 2019, structural equation models (SEM) were estimated to deduct the mediating role of coparenting support in children's mental health in 465 JPC and 652 SPC families with children aged 2-14. The findings suggest that the better mental health observed among children in JPC families than among children in SPC families was fully mediated by coparenting support. However, this held true only for internalizing and externalizing behavior, but not for prosocial behavior as no differences between JPC and SPC were found for this dimension. The findings affirm the importance of supportive coparenting for children's well-being after family dissolution in both SPC and JPC arrangements. After breaking up, parents should be supported in their parental engagement through coparenting counseling or psychoeducation classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Steinbach
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Department of Sociology, Duisburg, Germany
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17
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Ye WY, Dou K, Wang LX, Lin XQ, Zhang MC. Longitudinal association between interparental conflict and risk-taking behavior among Chinese adolescents: testing a moderated mediation model. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:5. [PMID: 36627661 PMCID: PMC9830742 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interparental conflict has been associated with an increased adolescents' engagement in risk-taking behaviors. However, few studies have examined the potential mediation of deviant peer affiliation and the potential moderation of school climate. Grounded in the ecological system theory, this study aimed to explore the mediating role of deviant peer affiliation and the moderating role of school climate between the association of interparental conflict and risk-taking behavior. METHODS This study conducted a longitudinal design (3 time points, 3 months apart) with the sample comprising 550 middle school students in southeastern China (52.91% males; mean age at Time 1 = 15.37). The performed measurements encompassed interparental conflict (T1), deviant peer affiliation (T2), school climate (T3), risk-taking behavior (T1/T2/T3), and demographic information. RESULTS The moderated mediation model revealed that after controlling for T1/T2 risk-taking behavior, T1 interparental conflict was longitudinally and positively correlated with T3 risk-taking behavior through T2 deviant peer affiliation. Furthermore, moderated mediation analysis demonstrated that a positive school climate ameliorated the adverse impact of deviant peer affiliation on risk-taking behavior, thereby mitigating the indirect effect of interparental conflict on risk-taking behavior among adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Our findings propose a nuanced explanation of the processing mechanisms between interparental conflict and risk-taking behaviors among Chinese adolescents. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Ye
- grid.411863.90000 0001 0067 3588Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 230, Waihuan Road West, Panyu District, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Dou
- Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 230, Waihuan Road West, Panyu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin-Xin Wang
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qi Lin
- Jieyang NO.1 High School Rongjiang New Town Campus, Student development center, Rongjing Road, Yuhu Town, Rongcheng District, Jieyang, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Chen Zhang
- grid.411863.90000 0001 0067 3588Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 230, Waihuan Road West, Panyu District, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Tafà M, Bracaglia F, Inguscio L, Carone N. What Decides the Well-Being of the Relationship between Parents and Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:383. [PMID: 36612705 PMCID: PMC9819639 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The literature indicates a variety of factors that contribute to adolescent well-being: among these, the parent-adolescent relationship has a key role. The present article offered an overview of studies on parent-adolescent relationships across diverse family forms, not limited to the traditional family but also including "non-traditional" and "modern" families. To do so, this article described the evolution of the concept of family over the last fifty years and traced the significant family variables that guarantee adolescent well-being. Additionally, this article discussed the changes that occurred in family research, shifting from studies that considered only the family structure to more recent studies that investigated family processes and contextual factors. Overall, the reviewed studies indicated that the quality of parent-adolescent relationship, the interparental conflict and the consequent spillover effect on the child subsystem, and the changes in the economic situation following parental separation/divorce override the effect of the family structure. Finally, this article pointed out the need to examine, in the future research, adolescent well-being across diverse families by adopting more fine-grained methodologies, collecting data from the entire family system, and using a multi-method assessment to obtain a more ecological view of family complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimma Tafà
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Bracaglia
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Inguscio
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Carone
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Rejaän Z, van der Valk IE, Branje S. The Role of Sense of Belonging and Family Structure in Adolescent Adjustment. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2022; 32:1354-1368. [PMID: 34761464 PMCID: PMC10078782 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study adopted an ecological perspective, and examined effects of sense of belonging to multiple contexts in relation to adolescent adjustment, as well as possible differences between adolescents from intact and divorced families. Self-report questionnaires were used to investigate perceptions of family, school, peer, and neighborhood belonging among 969 adolescents. Results showed that mean level differences in belonging exist based on family structure, and that levels of family and neighborhood belonging vary between post-divorce maternal and paternal households. For all adolescents, sense of belonging predicted self-reported well-being, internalizing, and externalizing problems. Belonging was found to partly explain the relation between divorce and adjustment. Improving adolescents' belonging could therefore be an important step in ensuring a better adjustment post-divorce.
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20
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Gao T, Liang L, Li M, Su Y, Mei S, Zhou C, Meng X. Latent transitions across perceived parental marital conflict and family cohesion profiles in high school students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:954825. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.954825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the latent profiles across perceived parental marital conflict and family cohesion, as well as the transition patterns within-person and within-sample profiles over time. We conducted a 1-year follow-up study with a sample of first-year high school students from China. A total of 453 participants were included in the present analysis. We identified the following three latent profiles: high parental conflict and poor family cohesion profile, moderate parental conflict and family cohesion profile, and low parental conflict and good family cohesion profile. Female students and those who not lived with parents together were more likely to perceive more parental marital conflict and less cohesion in the family. The majority of students with high transition probability remained in the same profiles over time. The counts of latent transition pattern also demonstrated that students remaining in the primary profile over time accounted for the large proportion. The present study advances empirical bases for confirming the family system theory’s notion that the family is not static, but dynamic. Findings provide the optimal timing of interventions toward healthy transition.
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21
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Ehrenreich SE, Jouriles EN, Mortensen JA, Meter DJ, Underwood MK. Peer Communication about Antisocial Activities as a Mediator of Interparental Conflict in Mid-Adolescence and Externalizing Problems in Late Adolescence. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2022; 31:3221-3233. [PMID: 36643614 PMCID: PMC9838825 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-022-02427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated whether adolescent peer communication about antisocial activities mediates the association between interparental conflict within the family system in mid-adolescence and externalizing problems in late adolescence. Participants were 115 families in which an adolescent and caregiver participated in a longitudinal study. Adolescents (53 girls, 62 boys) completed measures of interparental conflict and externalizing problems in 8th grade (age 14). Afterward, adolescents received a BlackBerry device configured to capture all text messages sent and received. During the 9th grade, four days of text messages were coded for peer communication about antisocial topics. Adolescents again completed a measure of externalizing problems in 11th grade (age 17). Results indicated that interparental conflict in 8th grade correlated positively with adolescents' externalizing problems in 11th grade, but only for girls. In addition, the frequency of communication about antisocial activities mediated the link between interparental conflict and girls' externalizing problems. The findings support the idea that adolescent girls' communications about antisocial activities with their peers may contribute to the link between interparental conflict and girls' externalizing problems.
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22
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Tao Z, Zhao X, Wang Z, Yu C, Zhang W. Rejection sensitivity mediates the interparental conflict and adolescent Internet addiction: School connectedness as a moderator. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1038470. [PMID: 36389463 PMCID: PMC9650590 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1038470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Internet addiction (IA) is a growing social problem with negative mental and social outcomes; the present study examined whether rejection sensitivity mediates the relationship between interparental conflict and adolescent IA and the moderating role of school connectedness. One thousand and seven adolescents (51.84% females; Meanage = 13.17; SD = 0.69) anonymously completed questionnaires to assess interparental conflict, school connectedness, rejection sensitivity, IA, and demographic information. The model results showed that: (1) the positive association between interparental conflict and adolescent IA was partially mediated by rejection sensitivity; (2) this indirect link was moderated by the school connectedness and was stronger for adolescents with high school connectedness. The results provide support for the attachment theory that high interparental conflict could increase adolescents’ rejection sensitivity, and high school connectedness plays a double-edged role that adolescents show more rejection sensitivity while reporting high interparental conflict and high school connectedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Tao
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- School of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Art and Design, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenhai Wang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengfu Yu
- Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhang,
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23
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Lung FW, Chen PF, Shen LJ, Shu BC. Families with high-risk characteristics and diagnoses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and learning disability in children: A national birth cohort study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:758032. [PMID: 36275285 PMCID: PMC9583264 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.758032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A national birth cohort study was used to investigate whether high-risk family factors at 1.5-year-olds can increase the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis when children reach 5.5 years. The pathway relationship of high-risk family factors, children's developmental conditions, risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and diagnosis of intellectual disability (ID), learning disability (LD), and ASD was also investigated. Methods The 1.5-, 3- and 5.5-year-old Taiwan Birth Cohort Study (TBCS) dataset was used (N = 19,185). The high-risk familial factor was measured using five questions assessing whether parents are currently unmarried, unemployed, do not have any social insurance, perceive a “very heavy” economic childcare burden, and at least one of the parents has a disability certification. Developmental conditions were assessed using the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study—Developmental Instrument (TBCS-DI), and ASD risk was measured using the Modified Checklist of Autism in Toddlers. Data on ADHD, ID, LD, and ASD diagnoses were collected at age 5.5. The odds ratio model investigated whether children from families with high-risk factors at 1.5-years were at increased risk of ADHD, ID, LD, or ASD diagnosis at 5.5-years, compared to those children from families without such risks. Structural equation modeling investigated the logistic regression pathway relationship of high-risk familial characteristics, children's developmental conditions, autism screening, and diagnosis. Results In the national birth cohort dataset of 19,185 children, 2070 (10.8%) met at least one of the high-risk familial factors. Children who met one high-risk familial factor had a 1.21-fold increased risk for ADHD diagnosis, 1.36-fold increased risk for LD diagnosis, and 1.80-fold increased risk for ASD diagnosis, compared to children from families without risks. High-risk familial factors directly increased the risk of ADHD and ID diagnosis, and indirectly increased the risk of ADHD, ID, LD, and ASD diagnosis through the mediating factor of children's development. Conclusions Children who met more high-risk familial characteristics were at higher risk of ADHD, ID, LD, and ASD diagnosis. Development at three years was predictive of diagnosis at 5.5 years. Thus, developmental screening at age three is vital for interventions. Preventive, family-focused, and/or child-rearing services for at-risk families are important for improving outcomes for these children and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- For-Wey Lung
- Calo Psychiatric Center, Pingtung County, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Taipei, Taiwan
- International Graduate Program of Education and Human Development, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Education, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Fei Chen
- Calo Psychiatric Center, Pingtung County, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jong Shen
- Department of Mental and Oral Health, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bih-Ching Shu
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Bih-Ching Shu
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Ciprić A, Hald GM, Strizzi JM, Lange T, Austin D, Sander S, Øverup CS. The future of divorce support: Is "digital" enough in presence of conflict? JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2022; 48:1128-1146. [PMID: 35288952 PMCID: PMC9790432 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Divorce conflict is the main driver of adverse postdivorce health adjustments among divorcing families. Despite the growing potential of online divorce support programs, there is concern that such solutions might not be sufficient to impact health-related disparities among high-conflict divorcees. The present study examined the effectiveness of the digital "Cooperation after Divorce" intervention as a function of conflict among 1856 recently divorced Danish residents. Linear mixed-effect regression modeling suggested that, although higher levels of divorce conflict at judicial divorce predicted worse health outcomes up to 1 year following divorce, the effectiveness of the digital divorce intervention did not vary as a function of the initial level of divorce conflict. Individuals in the intervention group with higher conflict in divorce still reported worse health at 12 months follow-up than those with lower levels of divorce conflict; however, much lower than the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ciprić
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Gert Martin Hald
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jenna Marie Strizzi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Theis Lange
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - David Austin
- School of Psychology, Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Søren Sander
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Camilla Stine Øverup
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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25
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Lange AMC, Visser MM, Scholte RHJ, Finkenauer C. Parental Conflicts and Posttraumatic Stress of Children in High-Conflict Divorce Families. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:615-625. [PMID: 35958703 PMCID: PMC9360253 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-021-00410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Parental conflicts consistently predict negative outcomes for children. Research suggests that children from high-conflict divorces (HCD) may also experience post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), yet little is known about the association between parental conflicts in HCD families and child PTSS. We investigated this association, hypothesizing that parental conflicts would predict child PTSS. We also tested the moderating role of interparental contact frequency, hypothesizing that frequent contact would intensify the association between parental conflicts and child PTSS. This study was part of an observational study on the outcomes of No Kids in the Middle (NKM), a multi-family group intervention for HCD families. A total of 107 children from 68 families participated in the study with at least one parent. We used pre- (T1) and post-intervention (T2) data. Research questions were addressed cross-sectionally, using regression analyses to predict PTSS at T1, and longitudinally, using a correlated change (T1 to T2) model. The cross-sectional findings suggested that mother- and child-reported conflicts, but not father-reported conflicts, were related to the severity of child PTSS. Longitudinally, we found that change in father-reported conflicts, but not change in child- or mother-reported conflicts, were related to change in child PTSS. The estimated associations for the different informants were not significantly different from one another. The frequency of contact between ex-partners did not moderate the relationship between parental conflicts and child PTSS. We conclude that there is a positive association between parental conflicts and child PTSS in HCD families independent of who reports on the conflicts. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40653-021-00410-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie M. C. Lange
- Department of Psychiatry, Section of Medical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Viersprong Institute for Studies On Personality Disorders, Halsteren, Netherlands
| | | | - Ron H. J. Scholte
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Tranzo Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Catrin Finkenauer
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science: Youth Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Fismen AS, Frans Smith OR, Helleve A, Haug E, Chatelan A, Kelly C, Dzielska A, Nardone P, Melkumova M, Ercan O, Kopcakova J, Lazzeri G, Klepp KI, Samdal O. Cross-national variation in the association between family structure and overweight and obesity: Findings from the Health Behaviour in School-aged children (HBSC) study. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101127. [PMID: 35677220 PMCID: PMC9168136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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van Eickels RL, Tsarpalis-Fragkoulidis A, Zemp M. Family cohesion, shame-proneness, expressive suppression, and adolescent mental health-A path model approach. Front Psychol 2022; 13:921250. [PMID: 35992453 PMCID: PMC9382198 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.921250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The family remains one of the most important relationship systems into early adulthood and provides an important foundation for lifelong mental health. Dysfunctional family cohesion can promote adjustment problems in adolescents and might also affect adolescents' self-concept and strategies for coping with emotional distress. To test these relationships and the underlying mechanisms, we proposed a dual mediation model describing the associations between family cohesion and internalizing and externalizing problems, mediated by shame-proneness and expressive suppression. Methods A sample of 526 German-speaking adolescents aged 14 to 18 years from Austria, Germany, and Switzerland participated in an online self-report survey encompassing questionnaires on family cohesion, shame-proneness, expressive suppression, and psychological problems. We tested a path model to examine the indirect pathways of the associations between family cohesion and internalizing and externalizing problems via shame-proneness and expressive suppression, while controlling for age, gender, and guilt-proneness. Results We found a significant dual mediation of the associations between family cohesion and internalizing and externalizing problems by shame-proneness and expressive suppression. The indirect pathways were all significant, except for the indirect pathway from family cohesion to externalizing problems via shame-proneness. Discussion Our results provide a model for the mechanisms by which disrupted family cohesion can be related to psychological problems in adolescents. Expressive suppression emerged as crucial when considering the consequences of shame-proneness in adolescents, as it was only indirectly related to externalizing problems via expressive suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel L. van Eickels
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Solo Fathers and Mothers: An Exploration of Well-Being, Social Support and Social Approval. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159236. [PMID: 35954593 PMCID: PMC9368669 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Research has begun to explore the experiences of single mothers by choice who choose to start a family alone and do so using donated gametes. However, very little is known about the experiences of single fathers by choice, and even less is known about how their experiences might compare to mothers in the same position. This exploratory study of single mothers (n = 19) and fathers (n = 17) by choice examined mental health and social support among mothers who used sperm donation, and fathers who used egg donation and surrogacy, to become parents. Data relating to their reasoning for pursuing solo parenthood, mental health, and social support were analyzed quantitatively. To further explore fathers’ experiences of being a solo parent, a thematic analysis was conducted exploring their descriptions of social responses to their family type. Regarding parental mental health, no statistically significant differences were found between mothers and fathers, and both groups of parents had sought out supportive networks, both before becoming a parent, and as a single parent. Fathers’ responses indicated that they received both supportive and negative reactions, although they generally perceived the majority of interactions to be positive. However, frequent references made by members of the public, or by the media, to their family type being new or different served to reproduce social scripts about normative family types. The study findings, despite the small sample size, contribute to a new understanding of the well-being and experiences of both mothers and fathers who choose to start their family and parent alone.
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Pan X, Mo L, Liu Q, Guo X, Zhang S. Factors influencing emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children with cancer based on self-regulation shift theory. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 27:755-768. [PMID: 35235751 DOI: 10.1177/13591045211061799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective is to investigate the factors influencing emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children with cancer and to provide a scientific basis for developing predictive intervention strategies. METHODS We recruited 375 preschool children with cancer, from March 2019 to February 2020, via convenience sampling. The self-regulation shift theory was implemented as a theoretical framework and a structural equation model was applied to construct and validate this framework and to analyze the relationships among various influencing factors. RESULTS Children's effortful control, parent-child attachment, the family environment, family upbringing, parents' marital quality, parents' education level, and social support significantly affected children's emotions and behaviors. Additionally, children's effortful control and parent-child attachment mediated the effect of the family environment, family upbringing, and parents' marital quality on children's emotions and behaviors." CONCLUSION This study identified several factors that influence children's emotions and behaviors, which should be considered while developing predictive intervention strategies to promote children's rehabilitation and improve parents' education, thus offering improved support for children with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Pan
- Department of Hematology, 159456Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Chongqing, P.R China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, P.R China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R China
| | - Lin Mo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, P.R China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R China.,Department of Nursing, 12550Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China
| | - Qian Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, P.R China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R China.,The Academy of Pediatrics of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Department of Hematology, 159456Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Chongqing, P.R China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, P.R China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R China
| | - Shiqun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, 159456Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Chongqing, P.R China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, P.R China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R China
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Trajectories of interparental conflict and children's emotional-behavioural functioning at 10-11 years: an Australian population-based study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:625-635. [PMID: 33398652 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Interparental conflict (IPC) has the potential to adversely affect children's social, emotional, and behavioural functioning. The overall objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between both the severity and chronicity of IPC across early and middle childhood and children's emotional-behavioural functioning at 10-11 years. Specifically, we aimed to: (1) identify distinct trajectories of IPC spanning 10-11 years since birth of the study child as reported by mothers, and (2) examine the emotional-behavioural functioning of children exposed to the identified IPC trajectories. Drawing from a nationally representative longitudinal study of Australian families (N = 4875), four distinct trajectories of IPC were identified: (1) consistently low exposure to IPC over time, (2) persistently elevated exposure to IPC, (3) increasing IPC exposure over time, and (4) decreasing IPC exposure over time. Children exposed to trajectories with high IPC at any point during the study period were reported by their mothers to be experiencing more emotional-behavioural difficulties than children exposed to low IPC over time. Based on teacher report, there were no differences in emotional-behavioural functioning of children exposed to the different patterns of IPC. Our findings reinforce that high parental conflict at any point in a child's life is a form of adversity that can have adverse consequences for their mental health, and that early interventions for parents and caregivers experiencing high IPC are critical.
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Alcaniz L, Martínez-Pampliega A, Herrero M. Cost-Benefit Analysis of an Intervention in Divorced Parents: Implications for Society, Public Administrations and Family Visitation Centers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063484. [PMID: 35329168 PMCID: PMC8955351 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Families going through conflictive divorce processes are at increased risk of developing mental health problems. The Egokitzen program is a group intervention for parents who have undergone a divorce process, funded by the public administration. Budgetary constraints cause funding institutions to be interested in the effectiveness and economic efficiency of these programs. Therefore, the objective of this research is to carry out an efficiency analysis of the Egokitzen program, implemented by family visitation centers in Spain, through a cost-benefit analysis, to determine whether the positive impact on symptomatology (measured using CBCL and SCL-90 instruments) is translated into a positive economic impact for society. A sample of 382 parents participated. Costs will be first identified and valued; secondly, benefits achieved with the program will be identified through a prevalence analysis and, finally, the cost-benefit comparative analysis will be carried out. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis will be performed. The results obtained in the analysis indicate that for every euro spent on this program, the public administration and society save 3.10 euros in future interventions through medical costs and productivity losses. The study has practical implications for public administration, organizations, and the family visitation centers that implement the program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Alcaniz
- Department of Finance and Economics, Deusto Business School, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Martínez-Pampliega
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain; (A.M.-P.); (M.H.)
| | - Marta Herrero
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain; (A.M.-P.); (M.H.)
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Perceived overqualification? Examining its nexus with cyberloafing and knowledge hiding behaviour: harmonious passion as a moderator. JOURNAL OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jkm-09-2021-0700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to assess the nexus between perceived overqualification (POQ), anger, knowledge hiding, cyberloafing and harmonious passion (HP).
Design/methodology/approach
The authors obtained 264 responses from two public traded firms in Pakistan using a supervisor-subordinated nested design and a multi-time data collecting strategy using convenience sampling.
Findings
The study results indicate that POQ positively affects knowledge hiding and cyberloafing. The authors also found anger as a potential mediator in the direct association between POQ and cyberloafing. In addition, the findings suggest that the association between POQ, knowledge hiding and cyberloafing will be weak when individuals exhibit HP towards their job roles. The results of this research, when considered as a whole, provided support for all of the hypothesised direct and indirect linkages, which has important ramifications for both theory and practise.
Research limitations/implications
This study has both theoretical and practical implications. Grounded on equity theory and relative deprivation theory, this paper asserts that HP should be used to decrease POQ affect. According to the authors, pro-environment employee actions may help build a pro-environment workplace culture as well as a pro-environment sense of responsibility, both of which can help to achieve significant pro-environment results.
Originality/value
This study builds on and fills in the gaps left by earlier research to better aid organisational researchers, practitioners and stakeholders in understanding how POQ, rage, information concealing, cyberloafing and harmonic passion interact with one another.
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Black CFD. Partner Emotional Support and Child Problem Behaviors: The Indirect Role of Harsh Parenting for Young Mothers and Their Children. FAMILY PROCESS 2022; 61:375-390. [PMID: 33908029 PMCID: PMC8812210 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Emotionally supportive partners promote the well-being of teenage mothers and their children as they navigate sensitive developmental periods. Yet, having focused on young parents' relationship dissolution, we know very little about benefits of partner supportiveness for the development of children's psychological adjustment or processes that may explain this association. Using five waves of Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study data (N = 771) and parallel process latent growth curve modeling, this study tested whether trajectories of partner supportiveness (measured by maternal reports of fathers' emotional support) directly mitigated trajectories of children's externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors (measured by maternal reports of problem behaviors) and/or whether such effects were indirectly linked through lower levels of maternal harsh parenting (measured by observational ratings of mother-child interactions). Results suggest that higher levels of partner supportiveness at birth were associated with child externalizing and internalizing trajectories that started at lower levels and demonstrated slower improvements across time. Lower starting levels of maternal harsh parenting when children were three years old partially explained associations between partner supportiveness at birth and lower levels of child externalizing symptoms at age three. Lessons gleaned from this study are discussed in context of young families' strengths and applied to practice-based settings.
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Cao H, Fine MA, Zhou N. The Divorce Process and Child Adaptation Trajectory Typology (DPCATT) Model: The Shaping Role of Predivorce and Postdivorce Interparental Conflict. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2022; 25:500-528. [PMID: 35106699 PMCID: PMC8805665 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-022-00379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Divorce has been conceptualized as a process. Research has extensively demonstrated that it is pre/postdivorce family environment factors that primarily account for the variability in children’s adaptation over parental divorce process rather than the legal divorce per se. Amongst various factors, interparental conflict has been consistently identified as a prominent one. Surprisingly, a single source is still lacking that comprehensively synthesizes the extant findings. This review fills this gap by integrating the numerous findings across studies into a more coherent Divorce Process and Child Adaptation Trajectory Typology (DPCATT) Model to illustrate that pre/postdivorce interparental conflict plays crucial roles in shaping child adaptation trajectories across parental divorce process. This review also summarizes the mechanisms (e.g., child cognitive and emotional processes, coparenting, parent–child relations) via which pre/postdivorce interparental conflict determines these trajectories and the factors (e.g., child gender and age, child coping, grandparental support) that interact with pre/postdivorce interparental conflict to further complicate these trajectories. In addition, echoing the call of moving beyond the monolithic conceptualization of pre/postdivorce interparental conflict, we also review studies on the differential implications of different aspects (e.g., frequency versus intensity) and types (e.g., overt versus covert) of interparental conflict for child adjustment. Last, limitations of prior studies and avenues for future research are discussed. The proposed framework may serve as a common knowledge base for researchers to compare/interpret results, detect cutting edges of the fields, and design new studies. The specificity, complexity, nuance, and diversity inherent within our proposed model await to be more fully revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Cao
- Institute of Early Childhood Education, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, 512 Ying Dong Building, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Mark A Fine
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 134 Stone Building, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Educational Psychology and School Counseling, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, 528 Ying Dong Building, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Wang Z, Li C, Ai K. Family Economic Strain and Adolescent Aggression during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Roles of Interparental Conflict and Parent-Child Conflict. APPLIED RESEARCH IN QUALITY OF LIFE 2022; 17:2369-2385. [PMID: 35154505 PMCID: PMC8821868 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-022-10042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Although the link from family economic strain to adolescent aggression has frequently been hypothesized, the results are mixed. Both interparental conflict and parent-child conflict are considered to be potential mediators of this link. However, the empirical evidence supporting this proposition is lacking. The present study investigated the direct effect of family economic strain on adolescent aggression as well as indirect effects through interparental conflict and parent-child conflict. Based on multi-informant data from 971 families with a child in middle and high schools in Y City, in Shanxi Province, structural equation modeling is conducted to examine the proposed theoretical model. Findings show that family economic strain has no significant direct impact on adolescent aggression. Interparental conflict and parent-child conflict mediate the link between family economic strain and adolescent aggression simultaneously and sequentially. This study expands current literature and deepens our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between family economic strain and adolescent aggression. Implications for policies and interventions to reduce the risk of adolescent aggression are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Wang
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chunkai Li
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaikai Ai
- Faculty of History, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Pérez JC, Huerta P, Rubio B, Fernández O. Parental Psychological Control: Maternal, Adolescent, and Contextual Predictors. Front Psychol 2021; 12:712087. [PMID: 34621215 PMCID: PMC8490725 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.712087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental psychological control (PC) hinders the development of autonomy, identity formation, and the attainment of self-determination and individuation of adolescents. The aim of this study was to deepen the understanding of which conditions increase the risk of the use of maternal PC by simultaneously considering the contribution of adolescent temperament, maternal separation anxiety, and adolescents’ perception of interparental conflict. A correlational study involving a sample of 106 Chilean adolescent-mother dyads was done. Adolescents were, on average, 15.42 years old (SD = 1.09) and 77% male. Mothers were, on average, 45.46 years old (SD = 6.39). We administered self-report questionnaires to the adolescent measuring effortful control and frustration as temperamental dimensions, along with the perception of interparental conflict. Mothers reported on their separation anxiety. Both the adolescents and their mothers reported on the use of maternal PC. Adolescents reported higher levels of maternal PC than their mothers did. All predictors were associated with PC reports. Higher levels of maternal anxiety about adolescent distancing, inter-parental conflict, and adolescent frustration were associated with higher reported levels of PC. In contrast, higher levels of adolescent effortful control were associated with lower levels of maternal PC. Finally, when maternal separation anxiety and inter-parental conflict were high there was a higher use of maternal PC. The present findings inform on how adolescent’s self-regulatory skills could reduce the risk of being exposed to maternal PC. And highlight the importance of using a systemic and interactional conceptualization when trying to understand their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Carola Pérez
- Centro de Apego y Regulación Emocional, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Huerta
- Master's Program in Adolescent Psychology, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bernardita Rubio
- Master's Program in Adolescent Psychology, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Olga Fernández
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Kim H, Lee W, Lee Y. Association of Long Working Hours With Marital Status Changes in South Korea: A Cohort Study. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:e689-e693. [PMID: 34325438 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the relationship between long working hours and the incidence of divorce or separation among Korean female and male workers. METHODS A cohort study was conducted in 125,108 Korean workers, married at baseline, who attended health examinations between 2012 and 2017 and had been followed annually or biennially until December 31, 2018. The weekly working hours and marital status changes were measured using self-administered questionnaires. This study was performed using sex stratification. RESULTS In a multivariable-adjusted model, by comparing working hours->52 hours/week with 35 to 40 hours/week-the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incidents of divorce or separation were 1.60 (1.03-2.49) and 0.86 (0.66-1.12) in females and males, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that long working hours could contribute to marital status changes in Korean female workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunil Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Parenting Styles, Coparenting, and Early Child Adjustment in Separated Families with Child Physical Custody Processes Ongoing in Family Court. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8080629. [PMID: 34438520 PMCID: PMC8394593 DOI: 10.3390/children8080629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Coparenting conflict and triangulation after separation or divorce are associated with poorer child adjustment when parenting gatekeeping and conflict occur. Fewer studies reported psychosocial adjustment of children under three. We explored the effects of authoritarian and permissive parenting styles and negative coparenting on child adjustment in a purpose sample of 207 Portuguese newly separated/divorced parents (50.2% mothers/49.8% fathers) with sole or joint (49.8%/50.2%) physical custody processes ongoing in court. Parents filled out the Parenting Styles Questionnaire-Parents' report, the Coparenting Questionnaire, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Parenting and coparenting moderations path analysis to predict child adjustment were tested for two groups (2/3-year-old child/>3-year-old-child) and showed a good fit, followed by multigroup path analysis with similarities. Findings suggest harsh parenting and interparental conflict and triangulation as predictors for poor early child adjustment. The ongoing custody process could contribute to increased interparental conflict. The families' unique functioning, parenting, and conflict should be considered in young children custody decisions made in a particularly stressful period when the parental responsibilities' process is still ongoing and conflict may increase to serve the best interest of the child and promote healthy development. Future directions and practical implications are discussed.
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Jak S, Li H, Kolbe L, de Jonge H, Cheung MWL. Meta-analytic structural equation modeling made easy: A tutorial and web application for one-stage MASEM. Res Synth Methods 2021; 12:590-606. [PMID: 34043279 PMCID: PMC8518551 DOI: 10.1002/jrsm.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) refers to fitting structural equation models (SEMs) (such as path models or factor models) to meta-analytic data. Currently, fitting MASEMs may be challenging for researchers that are not accustomed to working with R software and packages. Therefore, we developed webMASEM; a web application for MASEM. This app implements the one-stage MASEM approach, and allows users to apply MASEM in a user-friendly way. The aim of this article is to provide a tutorial on one-stage MASEM and a practical guide to webMASEM. We will pay specific attention to how the data should be structured and prepared for webMASEM, because mistakes in this step may lead to faulty results without receiving an error message. The use of webMASEM is illustrated with an analysis of a meta-analytic path model in which the path coefficients are moderated by a study-level variable, a meta-analytic factor model in which the factor loadings are moderated by a study-level variable, and a meta-analytic panel model in which the effects are moderated by a study-level variable. All used datafiles and R scripts are available online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Jak
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Educational Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Laura Kolbe
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hannelies de Jonge
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mike W-L Cheung
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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The Relationship between Differentiation of Self and Psychological Adjustment to Separation. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9060738. [PMID: 34208457 PMCID: PMC8235787 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9060738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many individuals suffer negative mental health consequences such as anxiety and depression following separation from a romantic partner and/or co-parenting conflict due to divorce. Consequently, treating the psychological aftermath of divorce and partner separation remains a predominant concern for mental health practitioners. According to family systems theory, high interdependence and low differentiation of self are associated with a lessened capacity for managing anxiety or adapting to stressful events since intense emotions may inhibit the ability to cope. To assess the relationship between differentiation of self and psychological adjustment to separation, 84 divorced adults completed an online survey. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that a model based on fusion with others, I-position, and emotional cutoff was a statistically significant predictor of lonely/negativity. Bivariate correlation analyses confirmed significant linear relationships between fusion with others, lonely/negativity, and co-parenting conflict. No differences between genders were found. There is a continuing need to develop interventions to address the negative consequences of divorce, help reduce emotional suffering, and encourage healthy co-parenting. Individuals struggling with psychological adjustment post-divorce, or those seeking education for managing the psychological effects of divorce and co-parenting, may benefit from counseling strategies that incorporate an assessment of differentiation of self and psychological adjustment to separation.
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Rejaän Z, van der Valk IE, Schrama WM, van Aalst I, Chen A, Jeppesen de Boer CG, Houtkamp JM, Branje S. Adolescents’ Post-Divorce Sense of Belonging. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. A considerable number of children face the divorce or separation of their parents globally every year. As parental divorce is often accompanied by changes in the home and social environment of adolescents, they may experience a diminished sense of belonging to one or multiple social contexts, such as the family, school, peer group, or neighborhood, which can, in turn, influence their post-divorce adjustment. To gain insight into the mechanisms and conditions that affect adolescents’ sense of belonging following parental divorce, we have reviewed empirical research from multiple disciplines from a bio-ecological perspective. This review has shown that adolescents’ sense of belonging can be an important protective factor after parental divorce, and is affected by processes at the micro-, meso-, exo-, and macrolevel. However, extensive knowledge on the determinants and mechanisms that affect adolescents’ belonging in the context of divorce remains lacking. Recommendations for future research are given, as a more thorough understanding of the factors that promote the belonging of adolescents in divorced families can be an important next step in promoting a higher quality of life for adolescents after parental divorce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Rejaän
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wendy M. Schrama
- Utrecht University School of Law, Molengraaff Institute for Private Law, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Irina van Aalst
- Human Geography and Planning, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Aoju Chen
- Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joske M. Houtkamp
- Environmental Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Branje
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Olatunji OA, Idemudia ES. The multidimensionality of inter-parental conflict on aggression and mental health among adolescents. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07124. [PMID: 34136694 PMCID: PMC8176318 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The research sets out to reveal that multidimensionality of inter-parental conflict is a limitation in the direction of research which suggests that inter-parental conflict is a risk factor to poor mental health and aggression in adolescents. To validate the above assertion, 394 adolescents (227 males; mean age = 15.6, SD = 1.74) were purposively sampled for the study. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested and data were analyzed using the multiple regression analysis and Multivariate Analysis of Variance/Analysis of Variance (MANOVA/ANOVA) statistics. Results indicated that all dimensions of inter-parental conflict and its full scale had a significantly positive correlation with aggression while all dimensions of inter-parental conflict had a significant negative correlation with adolescents' mental health. Results further showed that all dimensions of inter-parental conflict jointly associated with aggression but only the dimensions of frequency and intensity independently related with aggression. All dimensions of inter-parental conflict jointly related with mental health while intensity, resolution, coping efficacy and self-blame dimensions independently associated with mental health of adolescents. Based on the above, the researchers recommended that the dimensionality of inter-parental conflict should be considered in further research and that intervention programs should aim at promoting positive family relationship, reducing family stress and promoting positive mental health as adolescents grow and develop in the course of time.
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Problematic Internet Use in Adolescents from Divorced Families: The Role of Family Factors and Adolescents' Self-Esteem. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073385. [PMID: 33805855 PMCID: PMC8037960 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Family functioning is salient in explaining adolescents’ problematic internet use (PIU), and precisely this family functioning is under pressure after parental divorce. Moreover, growing up with divorced parents is identified as a risk factor for PIU. Therefore, examining which factors are associated with adolescents’ PIU after divorce is particularly important. Based on self-report data from N = 244 adolescents of divorced families (49.6% boys, M = 13.42), structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the associations of PIU with interparental conflict, triangulation, maternal and paternal warmth, and adolescents’ self-esteem. Potential buffering effects of self-esteem were tested, as well as gender differences in associations. The results showed that more triangulation and less maternal warmth were related to higher levels of PIU, but these effects disappeared after adding self-esteem to the models. Adolescent self-esteem did not significantly buffer the effects of the different family factors on PIU, nor were there any significant gender differences in association. Hence, especially adolescents’ self-esteem seems to be a key aspect for PIU in adolescents from divorced families.
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Hofer J, Lehmann M. Motive-Driven Interpersonal Identity Development: Moderating Effects of Perceived Parenting Quality and Sense of Self-Determination. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 155:186-209. [PMID: 33539270 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2020.1863314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Living and acting in line with one's implicit motives fosters peoples' well-being across a wide array of cultural contexts. Yet, not all individuals commit to goals that reflect their implicit motives. Research points to resources that relate to congruence of implicit and explicit motives. We hypothesized that such resources also relate to motive-congruent identity development. In detail, we assumed that perceived parenting quality (Study 1) and sense of self-determination (Study 2) moderate the relationship between the implicit need for affiliation and dimensions of identity development in the interpersonal domain of friendship. Evidence supporting our assumptions was found in both studies: Among adolescents who reported low levels of parenting quality higher levels of the implicit affiliation motive were associated with lower levels of commitment and higher levels of reconsideration of commitment (Study 1). Moreover, a positive association between the implicit affiliation motive and commitment was verified for adolescents who were high in self-determination (Study 2). Less straightforward findings on in-depth exploration point to the Janus-faced nature of exploration processes. To conclude, the implicit need for affiliation seems to play a crucial role in interpersonal identity development if particular social and personal resources are available. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Ran G, Niu X, Zhang Q, Li S, Liu J, Chen X, Wu J. The Association between Interparental Conflict and Youth Anxiety: A Three-level Meta-analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:599-612. [PMID: 33449287 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety in youth has been found to be a risk factor for the development of psychological problems and psychiatric symptoms in adulthood. Interparental conflict is considered an important factor in the emergence of symptoms of youth anxiety because conflicts between parents negatively affect parent-child and sibling relationships. Whereas some meta-analyses have investigated the association between interparental conflict and youth anxiety, the exact roles of certain moderators in this association are still not fully clear. Based on the PRISMA method, the present study used a three-level meta-analysis to obtain reliable estimates of effect sizes and examined a range of moderators (sample, publication, study design and outcome, and assessment characteristics). After a systematic search for articles published before September 2020, the present study identified 38 studies, with 12,380 young people and 222 effect sizes. The analysis revealed a significant positive association between interparental conflict and youth anxiety. Moreover, the present study found a significant moderating effect of interparental conflict variable. More specifically, youth anxiety was more strongly associated with parents' use of overt conflict style than with their use of cooperative conflict style. Study design was also found to be a significant moderator of the association between interparental conflict and youth anxiety. This association was smaller in longitudinal than in cross-sectional studies. Finally, the present results demonstrated that informant of interparental conflict was a significant moderator. A stronger correlation between these two variables was found when interparental conflict was reported by children than by parents. The results support the growing consensus that interparental conflict should be addressed when treating youth anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Ran
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China.
| | - Xiang Niu
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Preschool and Primary Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Song Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Juncai Liu
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jihui Wu
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
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