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Scholey JM. Mitotic spindle membranes. Mol Biol Cell 2025; 36:re1. [PMID: 40067152 PMCID: PMC12005112 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-10-0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2025] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 04/19/2025] Open
Abstract
The mitotic spindle, which uses microtubules (MTs) and MT-based motor proteins to separate sister chromosomes prior to cell division, contains abundant membranes, organelles, and protein assemblies derived from the familiar interphase intracellular membrane network. In this essay, mainly with reference to selected animal and fungal cells, I summarize current ideas about the reciprocal functional relationship between these mitotic spindle-associated membranes and the spindle MT cytoskeleton, in which; 1) spindle membranes control the composition, Ca++ ion concentration and mechanical performance of the spindle MT cytoskeleton; and conversely 2) the spindle MT cytoskeleton contributes to membrane/organelle partitioning and inheritance during cell division and serves as a reservoir of membranes, organelles, and vesicles for delivery to the interphase cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and cleavage furrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Scholey
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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2
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Yang C, Yao L, Chen D, Chen C, Li W, Tong H, Cheng Z, Yan Y, Lin L, Zhang J, Shi A. Endosomal catabolism of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate is fundamental in building resilience against pathogens. Protein Cell 2025; 16:161-187. [PMID: 39087719 PMCID: PMC11891140 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Endosomes are characterized by the presence of various phosphoinositides that are essential for defining the membrane properties. However, the interplay between endosomal phosphoinositides metabolism and innate immunity is yet to be fully understood. Here, our findings highlight the evolutionary continuity of RAB-10/Rab10's involvement in regulating innate immunity. Upon infection of Caenorhabditis elegans with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an increase in RAB-10 activity was observed in the intestine. Conversely, when RAB-10 was absent, the intestinal diacylglycerols (DAGs) decreased, and the animal's response to the pathogen was impaired. Further research revealed that UNC-16/JIP3 acts as an RAB-10 effector, facilitating the recruitment of phospholipase EGL-8 to endosomes. This leads to a decrease in endosomal phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) and an elevation of DAGs, as well as the activation of the PMK-1/p38 MAPK innate immune pathway. It is noteworthy that the dimerization of UNC-16 is a prerequisite for its interaction with RAB-10(GTP) and the recruitment of EGL-8. Moreover, we ascertained that the rise in RAB-10 activity, due to infection, was attributed to the augmented expression of LET-413/Erbin, and the nuclear receptor NHR-25/NR5A1/2 was determined to be indispensable for this increase. Hence, this study illuminates the significance of endosomal PI(4,5)P2 catabolism in boosting innate immunity and outlines an NHR-25-mediated mechanism for pathogen detection in intestinal epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Longfeng Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Changling Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hua Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zihang Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yanling Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Long Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Anbing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Sabit H, Arneth B, Altrawy A, Ghazy A, Abdelazeem RM, Adel A, Abdel-Ghany S, Alqosaibi AI, Deloukas P, Taghiyev ZT. Genetic and Epigenetic Intersections in COVID-19-Associated Cardiovascular Disease: Emerging Insights and Future Directions. Biomedicines 2025; 13:485. [PMID: 40002898 PMCID: PMC11852909 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13020485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2025] [Accepted: 02/08/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
The intersection of COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as a significant area of research, particularly in understanding the impact of antiplatelet therapies like ticagrelor and clopidogrel. COVID-19 has been associated with acute cardiovascular complications, including myocardial infarction, thrombosis, and heart failure, exacerbated by the virus's ability to trigger widespread inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in regulating these processes by modulating the gene expressions involved in platelet function, inflammation, and vascular homeostasis. This study explores the potential of miRNAs such as miR-223 and miR-126 as biomarkers for predicting resistance or responsiveness to antiplatelet therapies in COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular disease. Identifying miRNA signatures linked to drug efficacy could optimize treatment strategies for patients at high risk of thrombotic events during COVID-19 infection. Moreover, understanding miRNA-mediated pathways offers new insights into how SARS-CoV-2 exacerbates CVD, particularly through mechanisms like cytokine storms and endothelial damage. The findings of this research could lead to personalized therapeutic approaches, improving patient outcomes and reducing mortality in COVID-19-associated cardiovascular events. With global implications, this study addresses the urgent need for effective management of CVD in the context of COVID-19, focusing on the integration of molecular biomarkers to enhance the precision of antiplatelet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Sabit
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Borros Arneth
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Hospital of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Afaf Altrawy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Aysha Ghazy
- Department of Agri-Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Rawan M. Abdelazeem
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Amro Adel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Amany I. Alqosaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK;
| | - Zulfugar T. Taghiyev
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Nturubika BDD, Logan J, Johnson IRD, Moore C, Li KL, Tang J, Lam G, Parkinson-Lawrence E, Williams DB, Chakiris J, Hindes M, Brooks RD, Miles MA, Selemidis S, Gregory P, Weigert R, Butler L, Ward MP, Waugh DJJ, O’Leary JJ, Brooks DA. Components of the Endosome-Lysosome Vesicular Machinery as Drivers of the Metastatic Cascade in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 17:43. [PMID: 39796673 PMCID: PMC11718918 DOI: 10.3390/cancers17010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2024] [Revised: 12/16/2024] [Accepted: 12/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2025] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains a significant global health concern, with over 1.4 million new cases diagnosed and more than 330,000 deaths each year. The primary clinical challenge that contributes to poor patient outcomes involves the failure to accurately predict and treat at the onset of metastasis, which remains an incurable stage of the disease. This review discusses the emerging paradigm that prostate cancer metastasis is driven by a dysregulation of critical molecular machinery that regulates endosome-lysosome homeostasis. Endosome and lysosome compartments have crucial roles in maintaining normal cellular function but are also involved in many hallmarks of cancer pathogenesis, including inflammation, immune response, nutrient sensing, metabolism, proliferation, signalling, and migration. Here we discuss new insight into how alterations in the complex network of trafficking machinery, responsible for the microtubule-based transport of endosomes and lysosomes, may be involved in prostate cancer progression. A better understanding of endosome-lysosome dynamics may facilitate the discovery of novel strategies to detect and manage prostate cancer metastasis and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bukuru Dieu-Donne Nturubika
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.L.); (C.M.); (K.L.L.); (J.T.); (E.P.-L.); (D.B.W.); (J.C.); (M.H.); (R.D.B.)
| | - Jessica Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.L.); (C.M.); (K.L.L.); (J.T.); (E.P.-L.); (D.B.W.); (J.C.); (M.H.); (R.D.B.)
| | - Ian R. D. Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.L.); (C.M.); (K.L.L.); (J.T.); (E.P.-L.); (D.B.W.); (J.C.); (M.H.); (R.D.B.)
| | - Courtney Moore
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.L.); (C.M.); (K.L.L.); (J.T.); (E.P.-L.); (D.B.W.); (J.C.); (M.H.); (R.D.B.)
| | - Ka Lok Li
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.L.); (C.M.); (K.L.L.); (J.T.); (E.P.-L.); (D.B.W.); (J.C.); (M.H.); (R.D.B.)
| | - Jingying Tang
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.L.); (C.M.); (K.L.L.); (J.T.); (E.P.-L.); (D.B.W.); (J.C.); (M.H.); (R.D.B.)
| | - Giang Lam
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (G.L.); (P.G.); (D.J.J.W.)
| | - Emma Parkinson-Lawrence
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.L.); (C.M.); (K.L.L.); (J.T.); (E.P.-L.); (D.B.W.); (J.C.); (M.H.); (R.D.B.)
| | - Desmond B. Williams
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.L.); (C.M.); (K.L.L.); (J.T.); (E.P.-L.); (D.B.W.); (J.C.); (M.H.); (R.D.B.)
| | - James Chakiris
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.L.); (C.M.); (K.L.L.); (J.T.); (E.P.-L.); (D.B.W.); (J.C.); (M.H.); (R.D.B.)
| | - Madison Hindes
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.L.); (C.M.); (K.L.L.); (J.T.); (E.P.-L.); (D.B.W.); (J.C.); (M.H.); (R.D.B.)
| | - Robert D. Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.L.); (C.M.); (K.L.L.); (J.T.); (E.P.-L.); (D.B.W.); (J.C.); (M.H.); (R.D.B.)
| | - Mark A. Miles
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (M.A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (M.A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Philip Gregory
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (G.L.); (P.G.); (D.J.J.W.)
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Lisa Butler
- South Australian ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute, Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Mark P. Ward
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland;
| | - David J. J. Waugh
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (G.L.); (P.G.); (D.J.J.W.)
| | - John J. O’Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Douglas A. Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.L.); (C.M.); (K.L.L.); (J.T.); (E.P.-L.); (D.B.W.); (J.C.); (M.H.); (R.D.B.)
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland;
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5
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Nturubika BD, Guardia CM, Gershlick DC, Logan JM, Martini C, Heatlie JK, Lazniewska J, Moore C, Lam GT, Li KL, Ung BSY, Brooks RD, Hickey SM, Bert AG, Gregory PA, Butler LM, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA, Johnson IRD. Altered expression of vesicular trafficking machinery in prostate cancer affects lysosomal dynamics and provides insight into the underlying biology and disease progression. Br J Cancer 2024; 131:1263-1278. [PMID: 39217195 PMCID: PMC11473802 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study focuses on the role of lysosomal trafficking in prostate cancer, given the essential role of lysosomes in cellular homoeostasis. METHODS Lysosomal motility was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy of LAMP-1-transfected prostate cells and spot-tracking analysis. Expression of lysosomal trafficking machinery was evaluated in patient cohort databases and through immunohistochemistry on tumour samples. The roles of vesicular trafficking machinery were evaluated through over-expression and siRNA. The effects of R1881 treatment on lysosome vesicular trafficking was evaluated by RNA sequencing, protein quantification and fixed- and live-cell microscopy. RESULTS Altered regulation of lysosomal trafficking genes/proteins was observed in prostate cancer tissue, with significant correlations for co-expression of vesicular trafficking machinery in Gleason patterns. The expression of trafficking machinery was associated with poorer patient outcomes. R1881 treatment induced changes in lysosomal distribution, number, and expression of lysosomal vesicular trafficking machinery in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cells. Manipulation of genes involved in lysosomal trafficking events induced changes in lysosome positioning and cell phenotype, as well as differential effects on cell migration, in non-malignant and prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide novel insights into the altered regulation and functional impact of lysosomal vesicular trafficking in prostate cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bukuru D Nturubika
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Carlos M Guardia
- Placental Cell Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health and Science, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - David C Gershlick
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jessica K Heatlie
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Courtney Moore
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Giang T Lam
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Ka L Li
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, University of South Australia City East Campus, Frome Rd, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Andrew G Bert
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Philip A Gregory
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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Hilton BJ, Griffin JM, Fawcett JW, Bradke F. Neuronal maturation and axon regeneration: unfixing circuitry to enable repair. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:649-667. [PMID: 39164450 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian neurons lose the ability to regenerate their central nervous system axons as they mature during embryonic or early postnatal development. Neuronal maturation requires a transformation from a situation in which neuronal components grow and assemble to one in which these components are fixed and involved in the machinery for effective information transmission and computation. To regenerate after injury, neurons need to overcome this fixed state to reactivate their growth programme. A variety of intracellular processes involved in initiating or sustaining neuronal maturation, including the regulation of gene expression, cytoskeletal restructuring and shifts in intracellular trafficking, have been shown to prevent axon regeneration. Understanding these processes will contribute to the identification of targets to promote repair after injury or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett J Hilton
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Jarred M Griffin
- Laboratory for Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - James W Fawcett
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Reconstructive Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medicine Czech Academy of Science (CAS), Prague, Czechia.
| | - Frank Bradke
- Laboratory for Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
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7
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Torii T, Miyamoto Y, Yamauchi J. Myelination by signaling through Arf guanine nucleotide exchange factor. J Neurochem 2024; 168:2201-2213. [PMID: 38894552 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
During myelination, large quantities of proteins are synthesized and transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-trans-Golgi network (TGN) to their appropriate locations within the intracellular region and/or plasma membrane. It is widely believed that oligodendrocytes uptake neuronal signals from neurons to regulate the endocytosis- and exocytosis-mediated intracellular trafficking of major myelin proteins such as myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1). The small GTPases of the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosylation factor (Arf) family constitute a large group of signal transduction molecules that act as regulators for intracellular signaling, vesicle sorting, or membrane trafficking in cells. Studies on mice deficient in Schwann cell-specific Arfs-related genes have revealed abnormal myelination formation in peripheral nerves, indicating that Arfs-mediated signaling transduction is required for myelination in Schwann cells. However, the complex roles in these events remain poorly understood. This review aims to provide an update on signal transduction, focusing on Arf and its activator ArfGEF (guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Arf) in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. Future studies are expected to provide important information regarding the cellular and physiological processes underlying the myelination of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells and their function in modulating neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Torii
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Bonet-Ponce L, Kluss JH, Cookson MR. Mechanisms of lysosomal tubulation and sorting driven by LRRK2. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1909-1919. [PMID: 39083004 PMCID: PMC11668303 DOI: 10.1042/bst20240087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes are dynamic cellular structures that adaptively remodel their membrane in response to stimuli, including membrane damage. Lysosomal dysfunction plays a central role in the pathobiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Gain-of-function mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause familial PD and genetic variations in its locus increase the risk of developing the sporadic form of the disease. We previously uncovered a process we term LYTL (LYsosomal Tubulation/sorting driven by LRRK2), wherein membrane-damaged lysosomes generate tubules sorted into mobile vesicles. Subsequently, these vesicles interact with healthy lysosomes. LYTL is orchestrated by LRRK2 kinase activity, via the recruitment and phosphorylation of a subset of RAB GTPases. Here, we summarize the current understanding of LYTL and its regulation, as well as the unknown aspects of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Bonet-Ponce
- Department of Neurology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | | | - Mark R. Cookson
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A
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9
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Drozd CJ, Chowdhury TA, Quinn CC. UNC-16 interacts with LRK-1 and WDFY-3 to regulate the termination of axon growth. Genetics 2024; 227:iyae053. [PMID: 38581414 PMCID: PMC11151918 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In humans, MAPK8IP3 (also known as JIP3) is a neurodevelopmental disorder-associated gene. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the UNC-16 ortholog of the MAPK8IP3 protein can regulate the termination of axon growth. However, its role in this process is not well understood. Here, we report that UNC-16 promotes axon termination through a process that includes the LRK-1 (LRRK-1/LRRK-2) kinase and the WDFY-3 (WDFY3/Alfy) selective autophagy protein. Genetic analysis suggests that UNC-16 promotes axon termination through an interaction between its RH1 domain and the dynein complex. Loss of unc-16 function causes accumulation of late endosomes specifically in the distal axon. Moreover, we observe synergistic interactions between loss of unc-16 function and disruptors of endolysosomal function, indicating that the endolysosomal system promotes axon termination. We also find that the axon termination defects caused by loss of UNC-16 function require the function of a genetic pathway that includes lrk-1 and wdfy-3, 2 genes that have been implicated in autophagy. These observations suggest a model where UNC-16 promotes axon termination by interacting with the endolysosomal system to regulate a pathway that includes LRK-1 and WDFY-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Drozd
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Tamjid A Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Christopher C Quinn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
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10
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Bonet-Ponce L, Tegicho T, Beilina A, Kluss JH, Li Y, Cookson MR. Opposing actions of JIP4 and RILPL1 provide antagonistic motor force to dynamically regulate membrane reformation during lysosomal tubulation/sorting driven by LRRK2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.02.587808. [PMID: 38903076 PMCID: PMC11188082 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.587808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes are dynamic cellular structures that adaptively remodel their membrane in response to stimuli, including membrane damage. We previously uncovered a process we term LYTL (LYsosomal Tubulation/sorting driven by Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 [LRRK2]), wherein damaged lysosomes generate tubules sorted into mobile vesicles. LYTL is orchestrated by the Parkinson's disease-associated kinase LRRK2 that recruits the motor adaptor protein and RHD family member JIP4 to lysosomes via phosphorylated RAB proteins. To identify new players involved in LYTL, we performed unbiased proteomics on isolated lysosomes after LRRK2 kinase inhibition. Our results demonstrate that there is recruitment of RILPL1 to ruptured lysosomes via LRRK2 activity to promote phosphorylation of RAB proteins at the lysosomal surface. RILPL1, which is also a member of the RHD family, enhances the clustering of LRRK2-positive lysosomes in the perinuclear area and causes retraction of LYTL tubules, in contrast to JIP4 which promotes LYTL tubule extension. Mechanistically, RILPL1 binds to p150Glued, a dynactin subunit, facilitating the transport of lysosomes and tubules to the minus end of microtubules. Further characterization of the tubulation process revealed that LYTL tubules move along tyrosinated microtubules, with tubulin tyrosination proving essential for tubule elongation. In summary, our findings emphasize the dynamic regulation of LYTL tubules by two distinct RHD proteins and pRAB effectors, serving as opposing motor adaptor proteins: JIP4, promoting tubulation via kinesin, and RILPL1, facilitating tubule retraction through dynein/dynactin. We infer that the two opposing processes generate a metastable lysosomal membrane deformation that facilitates dynamic tubulation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Bonet-Ponce
- Department of Neurology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Tsion Tegicho
- Department of Neurology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Alexandra Beilina
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Jillian H. Kluss
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Proteomic Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Mark R. Cookson
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
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11
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Singh K, Lau CK, Manigrasso G, Gama JB, Gassmann R, Carter AP. Molecular mechanism of dynein-dynactin complex assembly by LIS1. Science 2024; 383:eadk8544. [PMID: 38547289 PMCID: PMC7615804 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk8544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein is a microtubule motor vital for cellular organization and division. It functions as a ~4-megadalton complex containing its cofactor dynactin and a cargo-specific coiled-coil adaptor. However, how dynein and dynactin recognize diverse adaptors, how they interact with each other during complex formation, and the role of critical regulators such as lissencephaly-1 (LIS1) protein (LIS1) remain unclear. In this study, we determined the cryo-electron microscopy structure of dynein-dynactin on microtubules with LIS1 and the lysosomal adaptor JIP3. This structure reveals the molecular basis of interactions occurring during dynein activation. We show how JIP3 activates dynein despite its atypical architecture. Unexpectedly, LIS1 binds dynactin's p150 subunit, tethering it along the length of dynein. Our data suggest that LIS1 and p150 constrain dynein-dynactin to ensure efficient complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashish Singh
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Clinton K. Lau
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Giulia Manigrasso
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - José B. Gama
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – i3S / Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular – IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Reto Gassmann
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – i3S / Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular – IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrew P. Carter
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
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12
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Drozd CJ, Chowdhury TA, Quinn CC. UNC-16 interacts with LRK-1 and WDFY-3 to regulate the termination of axon growth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.15.580526. [PMID: 38405875 PMCID: PMC10888800 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.15.580526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
MAPK8IP3 (unc-16/JIP3) is a neurodevelopmental-disorder associated gene that can regulate the termination of axon growth. However, its role in this process is not well understood. Here, we report that UNC-16 promotes axon termination through a process that includes the LRK-1(LRRK-1/LRRK-2) kinase and the WDFY-3 (WDFY3/Alfy) selective autophagy protein. Genetic analysis suggests that UNC-16 promotes axon termination through an interaction between its RH1 domain and the dynein complex. Loss of unc-16 function causes accumulation of late endosomes specifically in the distal axon. Moreover, we observe synergistic interactions between loss of unc-16 function and disruptors of endolysosomal function, indicating that the endolysosomal system promotes axon termination. We also find that the axon termination defects caused by loss of UNC-16 function require the function of a genetic pathway that includes lrk-1 and wdfy-3, two genes that have been implicated in autophagy. These observations suggest a model where UNC-16 promotes axon termination by interacting with the endolysosomal system to regulate a pathway that includes LRK-1 and WDFY-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J. Drozd
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Milwaukee, WI, 53201, U.S.A
| | - Tamjid A. Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Milwaukee, WI, 53201, U.S.A
| | - Christopher C. Quinn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Milwaukee, WI, 53201, U.S.A
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13
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Jiang S, Han X, Liu T, He Y, Zhao Z, Liu T, Cheng S, Zhang J, Duan L, Liu Y, Cheng T, Liu Y, Ye Q, Gao S. HUNK inhibits cargo uptake and lysosomal traffic in the caveolar pathway via the AGAP3/ARF6. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:173-178. [PMID: 38071109 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Jiang
- Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaoqi Han
- Medical School of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Tihui Liu
- Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Ying He
- Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zidong Zhao
- Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Tongfeng Liu
- Medical School of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shuwen Cheng
- Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jihang Zhang
- Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Medical School of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Liqiang Duan
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Yajuan Liu
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Tianyou Cheng
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qinong Ye
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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14
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Suzuki R, Kanemaki MT, Suzuki T, Yoshioka K. Overexpression of JNK-associated leucine zipper protein induces chromosomal instability through interaction with dynein light intermediate chain 1. Genes Cells 2024; 29:39-51. [PMID: 37963657 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase-associated leucine zipper protein (JLP), a scaffold protein of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, is a multifunctional protein involved in a variety of cellular processes. It has been reported that JLP is overexpressed in various types of cancer and is expected to be a potential therapeutic target. However, whether and how JLP overexpression affects non-transformed cells remain unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of JLP overexpression on chromosomal stability in human non-transformed cells and the mechanisms involved. We found that aneuploidy was induced in JLP-overexpressed cells. Moreover, we established JLP-inducible cell lines and observed an increased frequency of chromosome missegregation, reduced time from nuclear envelope breakdown to anaphase onset, and decreased levels of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) components at the prometaphase kinetochore in cells overexpressing the wild-type JLP. In contrast, we observed that a point mutant JLP lacking the ability to interact with dynein light intermediate chain 1 (DLIC1) failed to induce chromosomal instability. Our results suggest that overexpression of the wild-type JLP facilitates premature SAC silencing through interaction with DLIC1, leading to aneuploidy. This study provides a novel insight into the mechanism through which JLP overexpression is associated with cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Functional Genomics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masato T Kanemaki
- Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Division of Functional Genomics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Katsuji Yoshioka
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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15
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Feng H, Thompson EM. Functional specialization of Aurora kinase homologs during oogenic meiosis in the tunicate Oikopleura dioica. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1323378. [PMID: 38130951 PMCID: PMC10733467 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1323378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A single Aurora kinase found in non-vertebrate deuterostomes is assumed to represent the ancestor of vertebrate Auroras A/B/C. However, the tunicate Oikopleura dioica, a member of the sister group to vertebrates, possesses two Aurora kinases (Aurora1 and Aurora2) that are expressed in proliferative cells and reproductive organs. Previously, we have shown that Aurora kinases relocate from organizing centers to meiotic nuclei and were enriched on centromeric regions as meiosis proceeds to metaphase I. Here, we assessed their respective functions in oogenic meiosis using dsRNA interferences. We found that Aurora1 (Aur1) was involved in meiotic spindle organization and chromosome congression, probably through the regulation of microtubule dynamics, whereas Aurora2 (Aur2) was crucial for chromosome condensation and meiotic spindle assembly. In vitro kinase assays showed that Aur1 and Aur2 had comparable levels of kinase activities. Using yeast two-hybrid library screening, we identified a few novel interaction proteins for Aur1, including c-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 4, cohesin loader Scc2, and mitochondrial carrier homolog 2, suggesting that Aur1 may have an altered interaction network and participate in the regulation of microtubule motors and cohesin complexes in O. dioica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Feng
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eric M. Thompson
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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16
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Cason SE, Holzbaur EL. Axonal transport of autophagosomes is regulated by dynein activators JIP3/JIP4 and ARF/RAB GTPases. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202301084. [PMID: 37909920 PMCID: PMC10620608 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202301084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal autophagosomes form and engulf cargos at presynaptic sites in the axon and are then transported to the soma to recycle their cargo. Autophagic vacuoles (AVs) mature en route via fusion with lysosomes to become degradatively competent organelles; transport is driven by the microtubule motor protein cytoplasmic dynein, with motor activity regulated by a sequential series of adaptors. Using lysate-based single-molecule motility assays and live-cell imaging in primary neurons, we show that JNK-interacting proteins 3 (JIP3) and 4 (JIP4) are activating adaptors for dynein that are regulated on autophagosomes and lysosomes by the small GTPases ARF6 and RAB10. GTP-bound ARF6 promotes formation of the JIP3/4-dynein-dynactin complex. Either knockdown or overexpression of RAB10 stalls transport, suggesting that this GTPase is also required to coordinate the opposing activities of bound dynein and kinesin motors. These findings highlight the complex coordination of motor regulation during organelle transport in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney E. Cason
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erika L.F. Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Tsong H, Holzbaur ELF, Stavoe AKH. Aging Differentially Affects Axonal Autophagosome Formation and Maturation. Autophagy 2023; 19:3079-3095. [PMID: 37464898 PMCID: PMC10621248 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2236485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Misregulation of neuronal macroautophagy/autophagy has been implicated in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. We compared autophagosome formation and maturation in primary murine neurons during development and through aging to elucidate how aging affects neuronal autophagy. We observed an age-related decrease in the rate of autophagosome formation leading to a significant decrease in the density of autophagosomes along the axon. Next, we identified a surprising increase in the maturation of autophagic vesicles in neurons from aged mice. While we did not detect notable changes in endolysosomal content in the distal axon during early aging, we did observe a significant loss of acidified vesicles in the distal axon during late aging. Interestingly, we found that autophagic vesicles were transported more efficiently in neurons from adult mice than in neurons from young mice. This efficient transport of autophagic vesicles in both the distal and proximal axon is maintained in neurons during early aging, but is lost during late aging. Our data indicate that early aging does not negatively impact autophagic vesicle transport nor the later stages of autophagy. However, alterations in autophagic vesicle transport efficiency during late aging reveal that aging differentially impacts distinct aspects of neuronal autophagy.Abbreviations: ACAP3: ArfGAP with coiled-coil, ankyrin repeat and PH domains 3; ARF6: ADP-ribosylation factor 6; ATG: autophagy related; AVs: autophagic vesicles; DCTN1/p150Glued: dynactin 1; DRG: dorsal root ganglia; GAP: GTPase activating protein; GEF: guanine nucleotide exchange factor; LAMP2: lysosomal-associated protein 2; LysoT: LysoTracker; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAPK8IP1/JIP1: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 1; MAPK8IP3/JIP3: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 3; mCh: mCherry; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Tsong
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erika LF Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea KH Stavoe
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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18
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Schmidtmann M, D’Souza-Schorey C. Extracellular Vesicles: Biological Packages That Modulate Tumor Cell Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5617. [PMID: 38067320 PMCID: PMC10705367 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression, from early-stage invasion to the formation of distal metastases, relies on the capacity of tumor cells to modify the extracellular matrix (ECM) and communicate with the surrounding stroma. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide an important means to regulate cell invasion due to the selective inclusion of cargoes such as proteases and matrix proteins into EVs that can degrade or modify the ECM. EVs have also been shown to facilitate intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment through paracrine signaling, which can impact ECM invasion by cancer cells. Here, we describe the current knowledge of EVs as facilitators of tumor invasion by virtue of their effects on proteolytic degradation and modification of the ECM, their ability to educate the stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, and their role as mediators of long-range communication aiding in cell invasion and matrix remodeling at secondary sites.
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19
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Sasazawa Y, Hattori N, Saiki S. JNK-interacting protein 4 is a central molecule for lysosomal retrograde trafficking. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300052. [PMID: 37559169 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal positioning is an important factor in regulating cellular responses, including autophagy. Because proteins encoded by disease-responsible genes are involved in lysosomal trafficking, proper intracellular lysosomal trafficking is thought to be essential for cellular homeostasis. In the past few years, the mechanisms of lysosomal trafficking have been elucidated with a focus on adapter proteins linking motor proteins to lysosomes. Here, we outline recent findings on the mechanisms of lysosomal trafficking by focusing on adapter protein c-Jun NH2 -terminal kinase-interacting protein (JIP) 4, which plays a central role in this process, and other JIP4 functions and JIP family proteins. Additionally, we discuss neuronal diseases associated with aberrance in the JIP family protein. Accumulating evidence suggests that chemical manipulation of lysosomal positioning may be a therapeutic approach for these neuronal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Sasazawa
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Saiki
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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20
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Jackson CL, Ménétrey J, Sivia M, Dacks JB, Eliáš M. An evolutionary perspective on Arf family GTPases. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102268. [PMID: 39491309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
The Arf family GTPases are regulators of eukaryotic cellular organization, functioning in the secretory and endocytic pathways, in cilia and flagella, in cytoskeleton dynamics, and in lipid metabolism. We describe the evolution of this protein family and its well-studied regulators. The last eukaryotic common ancestor had fifteen members, and the current complement of Arf GTPases has been sculpted by gene loss and gene duplications since that point. Some Arf family GTPases (such as those that recruit vesicle coats in the secretory pathway) are present in virtually all eukaryotes, whereas others (such as those functioning in cilia/flagella) have a more limited distribution. A challenge for the future is understanding the full spectrum of Arf family functions throughout eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Ménétrey
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mandeep Sivia
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Joel B Dacks
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Marek Eliáš
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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21
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Sun D, Guo Y, Tang P, Li H, Chen L. Arf6 as a therapeutic target: Structure, mechanism, and inhibitors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4089-4104. [PMID: 37799386 PMCID: PMC10547916 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6), a small G-protein of the Ras superfamily, plays pivotal roles in multiple cellular events, including exocytosis, endocytosis, actin remodeling, plasma membrane reorganization and vesicular transport. Arf6 regulates the progression of cancer through the activation of cell motility and invasion. Aberrant Arf6 activation is a potential therapeutic target. This review aims to understand the comprehensive function of Arf6 for future cancer therapy. The Arf6 GEFs, protein structure, and roles in cancer have been summarized. Comprehending the mechanism underlying Arf6-mediated cancer cell growth and survival is essential. The structural features of Arf6 and its efforts are discussed and may be contributed to the discovery of future novel protein-protein interaction inhibitors. In addition, Arf6 inhibitors and mechanism of action are listed in the table. This review further emphasizes the crucial roles in drug resistance and attempts to offer an outlook of Arf6 in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Piyu Tang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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22
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Viktorova EG, Gabaglio S, Moghimi S, Zimina A, Wynn BG, Sztul E, Belov GA. The development of resistance to an inhibitor of a cellular protein reveals a critical interaction between the enterovirus protein 2C and a small GTPase Arf1. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011673. [PMID: 37721955 PMCID: PMC10538752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular protein GBF1, an activator of Arf GTPases (ArfGEF: Arf guanine nucleotide exchange factor), is recruited to the replication organelles of enteroviruses through interaction with the viral protein 3A, and its ArfGEF activity is required for viral replication, however how GBF1-dependent Arf activation supports the infection remains enigmatic. Here, we investigated the development of resistance of poliovirus, a prototype enterovirus, to increasing concentrations of brefeldin A (BFA), an inhibitor of GBF1. High level of resistance required a gradual accumulation of multiple mutations in the viral protein 2C. The 2C mutations conferred BFA resistance even in the context of a 3A mutant previously shown to be defective in the recruitment of GBF1 to replication organelles, and in cells depleted of GBF1, suggesting a GBF1-independent replication mechanism. Still, activated Arfs accumulated on the replication organelles of this mutant even in the presence of BFA, its replication was inhibited by a pan-ArfGEF inhibitor LM11, and the BFA-resistant phenotype was compromised in Arf1-knockout cells. Importantly, the mutations strongly increased the interaction of 2C with the activated form of Arf1. Analysis of other enteroviruses revealed a particularly strong interaction of 2C of human rhinovirus 1A with activated Arf1. Accordingly, the replication of this virus was significantly less sensitive to BFA than that of poliovirus. Thus, our data demonstrate that enterovirus 2Cs may behave like Arf1 effector proteins and that GBF1 but not Arf activation can be dispensable for enterovirus replication. These findings have important implications for the development of host-targeted anti-viral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina G. Viktorova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Samuel Gabaglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Seyedehmahsa Moghimi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anna Zimina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bridge G. Wynn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Sztul
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - George A. Belov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
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23
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Pust S, Brech A, Wegner CS, Stenmark H, Haglund K. Vesicle-mediated transport of ALIX and ESCRT-III to the intercellular bridge during cytokinesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:235. [PMID: 37523003 PMCID: PMC10390626 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular abscission is the final step of cytokinesis that leads to the physical separation of the two daughter cells. The scaffold protein ALIX and the ESCRT-I protein TSG101 contribute to recruiting ESCRT-III to the midbody, which orchestrates the final membrane scission of the intercellular bridge. Here, we addressed the transport mechanisms of ALIX and ESCRT-III subunit CHMP4B to the midbody. Structured illumination microscopy revealed gradual accumulation of ALIX at the midbody, resulting in the formation of spiral-like structures extending from the midbody to the abscission site, which strongly co-localized with CHMP4B. Live-cell microscopy uncovered that ALIX appeared together with CHMP4B in vesicular structures, whose motility was microtubule-dependent. Depletion of ALIX led to structural alterations of the midbody and delayed recruitment of CHMP4B, resulting in delayed abscission. Likewise, depletion of the kinesin-1 motor KIF5B reduced the motility of ALIX-positive vesicles and delayed midbody recruitment of ALIX, TSG101 and CHMP4B, accompanied by impeded abscission. We propose that ALIX, TSG101 and CHMP4B are associated with endosomal vesicles transported on microtubules by kinesin-1 to the cytokinetic bridge and midbody, thereby contributing to their function in abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Pust
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Andreas Brech
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine Sem Wegner
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaisa Haglund
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
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24
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Dou D, Smith EM, Evans CS, Boecker CA, Holzbaur ELF. Regulatory imbalance between LRRK2 kinase, PPM1H phosphatase, and ARF6 GTPase disrupts the axonal transport of autophagosomes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112448. [PMID: 37133994 PMCID: PMC10304398 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in the LRRK2 gene cause Parkinson's disease (PD), increasing phosphorylation of RAB GTPases through hyperactive kinase activity. We find that LRRK2-hyperphosphorylated RABs disrupt the axonal transport of autophagosomes by perturbing the coordinated regulation of cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin. In iPSC-derived human neurons, knockin of the strongly hyperactive LRRK2-p.R1441H mutation causes striking impairments in autophagosome transport, inducing frequent directional reversals and pauses. Knockout of the opposing protein phosphatase 1H (PPM1H) phenocopies the effect of hyperactive LRRK2. Overexpression of ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6), a GTPase that acts as a switch for selective activation of dynein or kinesin, attenuates transport defects in both p.R1441H knockin and PPM1H knockout neurons. Together, these findings support a model where a regulatory imbalance between LRRK2-hyperphosphorylated RABs and ARF6 induces an unproductive "tug-of-war" between dynein and kinesin, disrupting processive autophagosome transport. This disruption may contribute to PD pathogenesis by impairing the essential homeostatic functions of axonal autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dou
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erin M Smith
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chantell S Evans
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - C Alexander Boecker
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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25
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Boecker CA. The Role of LRRK2 in Intracellular Organelle Dynamics. J Mol Biol 2023:167998. [PMID: 36764357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.167998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene hyperactivate LRRK2 kinase activity and lead to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Membrane recruitment of LRRK2 and the identification of RAB GTPases as bona fide LRRK2 substrates strongly indicate that LRRK2 regulates intracellular trafficking. This review highlights the current literature on the role of LRRK2 in intracellular organelle dynamics. With a focus on the effects of LRRK2 on microtubule function, mitochondrial dynamics, the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, and synaptic vesicle trafficking, it summarizes our current understanding of how intracellular dynamics are altered upon pathogenic LRRK2 hyperactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alexander Boecker
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.
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26
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Cason SE, Holzbaur EL. Axonal transport of autophagosomes is regulated by dynein activators JIP3/JIP4 and ARF/RAB GTPases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.28.526044. [PMID: 36747648 PMCID: PMC9901177 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.28.526044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal autophagosomes, "self-eating" degradative organelles, form at presynaptic sites in the distal axon and are transported to the soma to recycle their cargo. During transit, autophagic vacuoles (AVs) mature through fusion with lysosomes to acquire the enzymes necessary to breakdown their cargo. AV transport is driven primarily by the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein in concert with dynactin and a series of activating adaptors that change depending on organelle maturation state. The transport of mature AVs is regulated by the scaffolding proteins JIP3 and JIP4, both of which activate dynein motility in vitro. AV transport is also regulated by ARF6 in a GTP-dependent fashion. While GTP-bound ARF6 promotes the formation of the JIP3/4-dynein-dynactin complex, RAB10 competes with the activity of this complex by increasing kinesin recruitment to axonal AVs and lysosomes. These interactions highlight the complex coordination of motors regulating organelle transport in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney E. Cason
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Erika L.F. Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania
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27
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Abstract
The endosomal system orchestrates the transport of lipids, proteins and nutrients across the entire cell. Along their journey, endosomes mature, change shape via fusion and fission, and communicate with other organelles. This intriguing endosomal choreography, which includes bidirectional and stop-and-go motions, is coordinated by the microtubule-based motor proteins dynein and kinesin. These motors bridge various endosomal subtypes to the microtubule tracks thanks to their cargo-binding domain interacting with endosome-associated proteins, and their motor domain interacting with microtubules and associated proteins. Together, these interactions determine the mobility of different endosomal structures. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the factors regulating the different interactions to tune the fascinating dance of endosomes along microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlieke L. M. Jongsma
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, ONCODE institute, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Bakker
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, ONCODE institute, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, ONCODE institute, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands,Author for correspondence ()
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28
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Bonet-Ponce L, Cookson MR. LRRK2 recruitment, activity, and function in organelles. FEBS J 2022; 289:6871-6890. [PMID: 34196120 PMCID: PMC8744135 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein coding mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause familial Parkinson's disease (PD), and noncoding variations around the gene increase the risk of developing sporadic PD. It is generally accepted that pathogenic LRRK2 mutations increase LRRK2 kinase activity, resulting in a toxic hyperactive protein that is inferred to lead to the PD phenotype. LRRK2 has long been linked to different membrane trafficking events, but the specific role of LRRK2 in these events has been difficult to resolve. Recently, several papers have reported the activation and translocation of LRRK2 to cellular organelles under specific conditions, which suggests that LRRK2 may influence intracellular membrane trafficking. Here, we review what is known about the role of LRRK2 at various organelle compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark R. Cookson
- Correspondence: Mark R. Cookson, Ph.D., Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 35 Convent Drive, Room 1A–116, Bethesda, MD, 20892–3707, USA. Phone: 301–451–3870,
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29
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Kunduri G, Le SH, Baena V, Vijaykrishna N, Harned A, Nagashima K, Blankenberg D, Yoshihiro I, Narayan K, Bamba T, Acharya U, Acharya JK. Delivery of ceramide phosphoethanolamine lipids to the cleavage furrow through the endocytic pathway is essential for male meiotic cytokinesis. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001599. [PMID: 36170207 PMCID: PMC9550178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division, wherein 1 cell divides into 2 daughter cells, is fundamental to all living organisms. Cytokinesis, the final step in cell division, begins with the formation of an actomyosin contractile ring, positioned midway between the segregated chromosomes. Constriction of the ring with concomitant membrane deposition in a specified spatiotemporal manner generates a cleavage furrow that physically separates the cytoplasm. Unique lipids with specific biophysical properties have been shown to localize to intercellular bridges (also called midbody) connecting the 2 dividing cells; however, their biological roles and delivery mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE), the structural analog of sphingomyelin, has unique acyl chain anchors in Drosophila spermatocytes and is essential for meiotic cytokinesis. The head group of CPE is also important for spermatogenesis. We find that aberrant central spindle and contractile ring behavior but not mislocalization of phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs) at the plasma membrane is responsible for the male meiotic cytokinesis defect in CPE-deficient animals. Further, we demonstrate the enrichment of CPE in multivesicular bodies marked by Rab7, which in turn localize to cleavage furrow. Volume electron microscopy analysis using correlative light and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy shows that CPE-enriched Rab7 positive endosomes are juxtaposed on contractile ring material. Correlative light and transmission electron microscopy reveal Rab7 positive endosomes as a multivesicular body-like organelle that releases its intraluminal vesicles in the vicinity of ingressing furrows. Genetic ablation of Rab7 or Rab35 or expression of dominant negative Rab11 results in significant meiotic cytokinesis defects. Further, we show that Rab11 function is required for localization of CPE positive endosomes to the cleavage furrow. Our results imply that endosomal delivery of CPE to ingressing membranes is crucial for meiotic cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind Kunduri
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Si-Hung Le
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Valentina Baena
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nagampalli Vijaykrishna
- Genomic Medicine Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Adam Harned
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kunio Nagashima
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel Blankenberg
- Genomic Medicine Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Izumi Yoshihiro
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kedar Narayan
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Usha Acharya
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jairaj K. Acharya
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
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30
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Celestino R, Gama JB, Castro-Rodrigues AF, Barbosa DJ, Rocha H, d’Amico EA, Musacchio A, Carvalho AX, Morais-Cabral JH, Gassmann R. JIP3 interacts with dynein and kinesin-1 to regulate bidirectional organelle transport. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202110057. [PMID: 35829703 PMCID: PMC9284427 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202110057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The MAP kinase and motor scaffold JIP3 prevents excess lysosome accumulation in axons of vertebrates and invertebrates. How JIP3's interaction with dynein and kinesin-1 contributes to organelle clearance is unclear. We show that human dynein light intermediate chain (DLIC) binds the N-terminal RH1 domain of JIP3, its paralog JIP4, and the lysosomal adaptor RILP. A point mutation in RH1 abrogates DLIC binding without perturbing the interaction between JIP3's RH1 domain and kinesin heavy chain. Characterization of this separation-of-function mutation in Caenorhabditis elegans shows that JIP3-bound dynein is required for organelle clearance in the anterior process of touch receptor neurons. Unlike JIP3 null mutants, JIP3 that cannot bind DLIC causes prominent accumulation of endo-lysosomal organelles at the neurite tip, which is rescued by a disease-associated point mutation in JIP3's leucine zipper that abrogates kinesin light chain binding. These results highlight that RH1 domains are interaction hubs for cytoskeletal motors and suggest that JIP3-bound dynein and kinesin-1 participate in bidirectional organelle transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Celestino
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José B. Gama
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Daniel J. Barbosa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- TOXRUN—Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (CESPU), Cooperative of Limited Liability (CRL), Gandra, Portugal
| | - Helder Rocha
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ennio A. d’Amico
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ana Xavier Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João H. Morais-Cabral
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Reto Gassmann
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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31
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Fine-tuning cell organelle dynamics during mitosis by small GTPases. Front Med 2022; 16:339-357. [PMID: 35759087 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
During mitosis, the allocation of genetic material concurs with organelle transformation and distribution. The coordination of genetic material inheritance with organelle dynamics directs accurate mitotic progression, cell fate determination, and organismal homeostasis. Small GTPases belonging to the Ras superfamily regulate various cell organelles during division. Being the key regulators of membrane dynamics, the dysregulation of small GTPases is widely associated with cell organelle disruption in neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases, such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Recent discoveries shed light on the molecular properties of small GTPases as sophisticated modulators of a remarkably complex and perfect adaptors for rapid structure reformation. This review collects current knowledge on small GTPases in the regulation of cell organelles during mitosis and highlights the mediator role of small GTPase in transducing cell cycle signaling to organelle dynamics during mitosis.
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32
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Selective motor activation in organelle transport along axons. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:699-714. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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33
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Mast cell granule motility and exocytosis is driven by dynamic microtubule formation and kinesin-1 motor function. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265122. [PMID: 35316306 PMCID: PMC8939832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident immune cells that have numerous cytoplasmic granules which contain preformed pro-inflammatory mediators. Upon antigen stimulation, sensitized mast cells undergo profound changes to their morphology and rapidly release granule mediators by regulated exocytosis, also known as degranulation. We have previously shown that Rho GTPases regulate exocytosis, which suggests that cytoskeleton remodeling is involved in granule transport. Here, we used live-cell imaging to analyze cytoskeleton remodeling and granule transport in real-time as mast cells were antigen stimulated. We found that granule transport to the cell periphery was coordinated by de novo microtubule formation and not F-actin. Kinesore, a drug that activates the microtubule motor kinesin-1 in the absence of cargo, inhibited microtubule-granule association and significantly reduced exocytosis. Likewise, shRNA knock-down of Kif5b, the kinesin-1 heavy chain, also reduced exocytosis. Imaging showed granules accumulated in the perinuclear region after kinesore treatment or Kif5b knock-down. Complete microtubule depolymerization with nocodazole or colchicine resulted in the same effect. A biochemically enriched granule fraction showed kinesin-1 levels increase in antigen-stimulated cells, but are reduced by pre-treatment with kinesore. Kinesore had no effect on the levels of Slp3, a mast cell granule cargo adaptor, in the granule-enriched fraction which suggests that cargo adaptor recruitment to granules is independent of motor association. Taken together, these results show that granules associate with microtubules and are driven by kinesin-1 to facilitate exocytosis.
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34
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Kanamarlapudi V, Tamaddon-Jahromi S, Murphy K. ADP-ribosylation factor 6 expression increase in oesophageal adenocarcinoma suggests a potential biomarker role for it. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263845. [PMID: 35143561 PMCID: PMC8830706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor 6 small GTPase plays an important role in cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis, which are the hallmarks of cancer. Although alterations in ARF6 expression and activity have been linked to metastatic cancer in one or two tissues, the expression of ARF6 in cancers over a wide range of tissues has not been studied so far. In this report, we analysed the expression of ARF6 mRNA in cancers and corresponding healthy controls from 17 different tissues by real-time qualitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). We further evaluated ARF6 protein expression in oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) tissue microarray cores by immunohistochemistry. The ARF6 gene expression levels are highly variable between healthy and cancer tissues. Our findings suggest that the ARF6 gene expression is up-regulated highest in oesophageal cancer. In EAC TMAs, ARF6 protein expression increase correlated with EAC progression. This is the first study to investigate ARF6 gene expression in a wide array of cancer tissues and demonstrate that ARF6 expression, at both mRNA and protein levels, is significantly upregulated in higher grades of EAC, which may be useful in targeting ARF6 for cancer diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswarlu Kanamarlapudi
- Institute of Life Science 1, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Salman Tamaddon-Jahromi
- Institute of Life Science 1, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Murphy
- Cellular Pathology, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom
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35
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Tan KW, Nähse V, Campsteijn C, Brech A, Schink KO, Stenmark H. JIP4 is recruited by the phosphoinositide-binding protein Phafin2 to promote recycling tubules on macropinosomes. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258495. [PMID: 34109410 PMCID: PMC8325962 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis allows cells to take up extracellular material in a non-selective manner into large vesicles called macropinosomes. After internalization, macropinosomes acquire phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) on their limiting membrane as they mature into endosomal-like vesicles. The molecular mechanisms that underlie recycling of membranes and transmembrane proteins from these macropinosomes still need to be defined. Here, we report that JIP4 (officially known as SPAG9), a protein previously described to bind to microtubule motors, is recruited to tubulating subdomains on macropinosomes by the PtdIns3P-binding protein Phafin2 (officially known as PLEKHF2). These JIP4-positive tubulating subdomains on macropinosomes contain F-actin, the retromer recycling complex and the retromer cargo VAMP3. Disruption of the JIP4-Phafin2 interaction, deletion of Phafin2 or inhibition of PtdIns3P production by VPS34 impairs JIP4 recruitment to macropinosomes. Whereas knockout of JIP4 suppresses tubulation, its overexpression enhances tubulation from macropinosomes. JIP4-knockout cells display increased retention of macropinocytic cargo in both early and late macropinosomes. Collectively, these data identify JIP4 and Phafin2 as components of a tubular recycling pathway that operates from macropinosomes. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia Wee Tan
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello N-0379 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Viola Nähse
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello N-0379 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Coen Campsteijn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Brech
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello N-0379 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kay Oliver Schink
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello N-0379 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello N-0379 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello 0379 Oslo, Norway
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36
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Boecker CA, Goldsmith J, Dou D, Cajka GG, Holzbaur ELF. Increased LRRK2 kinase activity alters neuronal autophagy by disrupting the axonal transport of autophagosomes. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2140-2154.e6. [PMID: 33765413 PMCID: PMC8154747 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease-causing mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene hyperactivate LRRK2 kinase activity and cause increased phosphorylation of Rab GTPases, important regulators of intracellular trafficking. We found that the most common LRRK2 mutation, LRRK2-G2019S, dramatically reduces the processivity of autophagosome transport in neurons in a kinase-dependent manner. This effect was consistent across an overexpression model, neurons from a G2019S knockin mouse, and human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons gene edited to express the G2019S mutation, and the effect was reversed by genetic or pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2. Furthermore, LRRK2 hyperactivation induced by overexpression of Rab29, a known activator of LRRK2 kinase, disrupted autophagosome transport to a similar extent. Mechanistically, we found that hyperactive LRRK2 recruits the motor adaptor JNK-interacting protein 4 (JIP4) to the autophagosomal membrane, inducing abnormal activation of kinesin that we propose leads to an unproductive tug of war between anterograde and retrograde motors. Disruption of autophagosome transport correlated with a significant defect in autophagosome acidification, suggesting that the observed transport deficit impairs effective degradation of autophagosomal cargo in neurons. Our results robustly link increased LRRK2 kinase activity to defects in autophagosome transport and maturation, further implicating defective autophagy in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alexander Boecker
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Juliet Goldsmith
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dan Dou
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gregory G Cajka
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Cason SE, Carman PJ, Van Duyne C, Goldsmith J, Dominguez R, Holzbaur ELF. Sequential dynein effectors regulate axonal autophagosome motility in a maturation-dependent pathway. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212171. [PMID: 34014261 PMCID: PMC8142281 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a degradative pathway required to maintain homeostasis. Neuronal autophagosomes form constitutively at the axon terminal and mature via lysosomal fusion during dynein-mediated transport to the soma. How the dynein–autophagosome interaction is regulated is unknown. Here, we identify multiple dynein effectors on autophagosomes as they transit along the axons of primary neurons. In the distal axon, JIP1 initiates autophagosomal transport. Autophagosomes in the mid-axon require HAP1 and Huntingtin. We find that HAP1 is a dynein activator, binding the dynein–dynactin complex via canonical and noncanonical interactions. JIP3 is on most axonal autophagosomes, but specifically regulates the transport of mature autolysosomes. Inhibiting autophagosomal transport disrupts maturation, and inhibiting autophagosomal maturation perturbs the association and function of dynein effectors; thus, maturation and transport are tightly linked. These results reveal a novel maturation-based dynein effector handoff on neuronal autophagosomes that is key to motility, cargo degradation, and the maintenance of axonal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney E Cason
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter J Carman
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Claire Van Duyne
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Vagelos Scholars Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Juliet Goldsmith
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roberto Dominguez
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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38
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Pipaliya SV, Thompson LA, Dacks JB. The reduced ARF regulatory system in Giardia intestinalis pre-dates the transition to parasitism in the lineage Fornicata. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:825-839. [PMID: 33848497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Giardia intestinalis is an enteric pathogen with an extremely modified membrane trafficking system, lacking canonical compartments such as the Golgi, endosomes, and intermediate vesicle carriers. By comparison the fornicate relatives of Giardia possess greater endomembrane system complexity. In eukaryotes, the ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPase regulatory system proteins, which consist of the small GTPase ARF1, and its guanine exchange nucleotide factors (GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), coordinate temporal and directional trafficking of cargo vesicles by recognizing and interacting with heterotetrameric coat complexes at pre-Golgi and post-Golgi interfaces. To understand the evolution of this regulatory system across the fornicate lineage, we have performed comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses of the ARF GTPases, and their regulatory GAPs and GEFs in fornicate genomes and transcriptomes. Prior to our analysis of the fornicates, we first establish that the ARF GAP sub-family ArfGAP with dual PH domains (ADAP) is sparsely distributed but present in at least four eukaryotic supergroups and thus was likely present in the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor (LECA). Next, our collective comparative genomic and phylogenetic investigations into the ARF regulatory proteins in fornicates identify a duplication of ARF1 GTPase yielding two paralogues of ARF1F proteins, ancestral to all fornicates and present in all examined isolates of Giardia. However, the ARF GEF and ARF GAP complement is reduced compared with the LECA. This investigation shows that the system was significantly streamlined prior to the fornicate ancestor but was not further reduced concurrent with a transition into a parasitic lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta V Pipaliya
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - L Alexa Thompson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Joel B Dacks
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre, CAS v.v.i. Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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39
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Nacke M, Sandilands E, Nikolatou K, Román-Fernández Á, Mason S, Patel R, Lilla S, Yelland T, Galbraith LCA, Freckmann EC, McGarry L, Morton JP, Shanks E, Leung HY, Markert E, Ismail S, Zanivan S, Blyth K, Bryant DM. An ARF GTPase module promoting invasion and metastasis through regulating phosphoinositide metabolism. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1623. [PMID: 33712589 PMCID: PMC7955138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The signalling pathways underpinning cell growth and invasion use overlapping components, yet how mutually exclusive cellular responses occur is unclear. Here, we report development of 3-Dimensional culture analyses to separately quantify growth and invasion. We identify that alternate variants of IQSEC1, an ARF GTPase Exchange Factor, act as switches to promote invasion over growth by controlling phosphoinositide metabolism. All IQSEC1 variants activate ARF5- and ARF6-dependent PIP5-kinase to promote PI(3,4,5)P3-AKT signalling and growth. In contrast, select pro-invasive IQSEC1 variants promote PI(3,4,5)P3 production to form invasion-driving protrusions. Inhibition of IQSEC1 attenuates invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Induction of pro-invasive IQSEC1 variants and elevated IQSEC1 expression occurs in a number of tumour types and is associated with higher-grade metastatic cancer, activation of PI(3,4,5)P3 signalling, and predicts long-term poor outcome across multiple cancers. IQSEC1-regulated phosphoinositide metabolism therefore is a switch to induce invasion over growth in response to the same external signal. Targeting IQSEC1 as the central regulator of this switch may represent a therapeutic vulnerability to stop metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Nacke
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emma Sandilands
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Konstantina Nikolatou
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Álvaro Román-Fernández
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eva C Freckmann
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Jennifer P Morton
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Hing Y Leung
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Shehab Ismail
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan, Belgium
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - David M Bryant
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
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40
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Axonal Organelles as Molecular Platforms for Axon Growth and Regeneration after Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041798. [PMID: 33670312 PMCID: PMC7918155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating the molecular mechanisms governing developmental axon growth has been a useful approach for identifying new strategies for boosting axon regeneration after injury, with the goal of treating debilitating conditions such as spinal cord injury and vision loss. The picture emerging is that various axonal organelles are important centers for organizing the molecular mechanisms and machinery required for growth cone development and axon extension, and these have recently been targeted to stimulate robust regeneration in the injured adult central nervous system (CNS). This review summarizes recent literature highlighting a central role for organelles such as recycling endosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes, autophagosomes and the proteasome in developmental axon growth, and describes how these organelles can be targeted to promote axon regeneration after injury to the adult CNS. This review also examines the connections between these organelles in developing and regenerating axons, and finally discusses the molecular mechanisms within the axon that are required for successful axon growth.
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41
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Partisani M, Baron CL, Ghossoub R, Fayad R, Pagnotta S, Abélanet S, Macia E, Brau F, Lacas-Gervais S, Benmerah A, Luton F, Franco M. EFA6A, an exchange factor for Arf6, regulates early steps in ciliogenesis. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:237326. [PMID: 33483367 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.249565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliogenesis is a coordinated process initiated by the recruitment and fusion of pre-ciliary vesicles at the distal appendages of the mother centriole through mechanisms that remain unclear. Here, we report that EFA6A (also known as PSD), an exchange factor for the small G protein Arf6, is involved in early stage of ciliogenesis by promoting the fusion of distal appendage vesicles forming the ciliary vesicle. EFA6A is present in the vicinity of the mother centriole before primary cilium assembly and prior to the arrival of Arl13B-containing vesicles. During ciliogenesis, EFA6A initially accumulates at the mother centriole and later colocalizes with Arl13B along the ciliary membrane. EFA6A depletion leads to the inhibition of ciliogenesis, the absence of centrosomal Rab8-positive structures and the accumulation of Arl13B-positive vesicles around the distal appendages. Our results uncover a novel fusion machinery, comprising EFA6A, Arf6 and Arl13B, that controls the coordinated fusion of ciliary vesicles docked at the distal appendages of the mother centriole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagrazia Partisani
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS-Université Côte d'Azur, 660, route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Carole L Baron
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS-Université Côte d'Azur, 660, route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Rania Ghossoub
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068-CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Racha Fayad
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS-Université Côte d'Azur, 660, route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Sophie Pagnotta
- Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée (CCMA), Université Côte d'Azur Parc Valrose, 06103 Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Sophie Abélanet
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS-Université Côte d'Azur, 660, route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Eric Macia
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS-Université Côte d'Azur, 660, route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Frédéric Brau
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS-Université Côte d'Azur, 660, route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Sandra Lacas-Gervais
- Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée (CCMA), Université Côte d'Azur Parc Valrose, 06103 Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Alexandre Benmerah
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Luton
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS-Université Côte d'Azur, 660, route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Michel Franco
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR 7275 CNRS-Université Côte d'Azur, 660, route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
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Enterovirus Infection Induces Massive Recruitment of All Isoforms of Small Cellular Arf GTPases to the Replication Organelles. J Virol 2020; 95:JVI.01629-20. [PMID: 33087467 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01629-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus replication requires the cellular protein GBF1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for small Arf GTPases. When activated, Arfs associate with membranes, where they regulate numerous steps of membrane homeostasis. The requirement for GBF1 implies that Arfs are important for replication, but which of the different Arfs function(s) during replication remains poorly understood. Here, we established cell lines expressing each of the human Arfs fused to a fluorescent tag and investigated their behavior during enterovirus infection. Arf1 was the first to be recruited to the replication organelles, where it strongly colocalized with the viral antigen 2B and mature virions but not double-stranded RNA. By the end of the infectious cycle, Arf3, Arf4, Arf5, and Arf6 were also concentrated on the replication organelles. Once on the replication membranes, all Arfs except Arf3 were no longer sensitive to inhibition of GBF1, suggesting that in infected cells they do not actively cycle between GTP- and GDP-bound states. Only the depletion of Arf1, but not other class 1 and 2 Arfs, significantly increased the sensitivity of replication to GBF1 inhibition. Surprisingly, depletion of Arf6, a class 3 Arf, normally implicated in plasma membrane events, also increased the sensitivity to GBF1 inhibition. Together, our results suggest that GBF1-dependent Arf1 activation directly supports the development and/or functioning of the replication complexes and that Arf6 plays a previously unappreciated role in viral replication. Our data reveal a complex pattern of Arf activation in enterovirus-infected cells that may contribute to the resilience of viral replication in different cellular environments.IMPORTANCE Enteroviruses include many known and emerging pathogens, such as poliovirus, enteroviruses 71 and D68, and others. However, licensed vaccines are available only against poliovirus and enterovirus 71, and specific anti-enterovirus therapeutics are lacking. Enterovirus infection induces the massive remodeling of intracellular membranes and the development of specialized domains harboring viral replication complexes, replication organelles. Here, we investigated the roles of small Arf GTPases during enterovirus infection. Arfs control distinct steps in intracellular membrane traffic, and one of the Arf-activating proteins, GBF1, is a cellular factor required for enterovirus replication. We found that all Arfs expressed in human cells, including Arf6, normally associated with the plasma membrane, are recruited to the replication organelles and that Arf1 appears to be the most important Arf for enterovirus replication. These results document the rewiring of the cellular membrane pathways in infected cells and may provide new ways of controlling enterovirus infections.
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Hachim MY, Al Heialy S, Senok A, Hamid Q, Alsheikh-Ali A. Molecular Basis of Cardiac and Vascular Injuries Associated With COVID-19. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:582399. [PMID: 33240937 PMCID: PMC7669624 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.582399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The presence of the pre-existing cardiac disease is associated with an increased likelihood of severe clinical course and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Besides, current evidence indicates that a significant number of patients with COVID-19 also exhibit cardiovascular involvement even in the absence of known cardiac risk factors. Therefore, there is a need to understand the underlying mechanisms and genetic predispositions that explain cardiovascular involvement in COVID-19. Objectives:In silico analysis of publicly available datasets to decipher the molecular basis, potential pathways, and the role of the endothelium in the pathogenesis of cardiac and vascular injuries in COVID-19. Materials and Methods: Consistent significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared by endothelium and peripheral immune cells were identified in five microarray transcriptomic profiling datasets in patients with venous thromboembolism “VTE,” acute coronary syndrome, heart failure and/or cardiogenic shock (main cardiovascular injuries related to COVID-19) compared to healthy controls. The identified genes were further examined in the publicly available transcriptomic dataset for cell/tissue specificity in lung tissue, in different ethnicities and in SARS-CoV-2 infected vs. mock-infected lung tissues and cardiomyocytes. Results: We identified 36 DEGs in blood and endothelium known to play key roles in endothelium and vascular biology, regulation of cellular response to stress as well as endothelial cell migration. Some of these genes were upregulated significantly in SARS-CoV-2 infected lung tissues. On the other hand, some genes with cardioprotective functions were downregulated in SARS-CoV-2 infected cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings from the analysis of publicly available transcriptomic datasets identified shared core genes pertinent to cardiac and vascular-related injuries and their probable role in genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular injury in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Yaseen Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saba Al Heialy
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Abiola Senok
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,College of Medicine, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alawi Alsheikh-Ali
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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44
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Nieuwenhuis B, Eva R. ARF6 and Rab11 as intrinsic regulators of axon regeneration. Small GTPases 2020; 11:392-401. [PMID: 29772958 PMCID: PMC6124649 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2018.1457914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult central nervous system (CNS) axons do not regenerate after injury because of extrinsic inhibitory factors, and a low intrinsic capacity for axon growth. Developing CNS neurons have a better regenerative ability, but lose this with maturity. This mini-review summarises recent findings which suggest one reason for regenerative failure is the selective distribution of growth machinery away from axons as CNS neurons mature. These studies demonstrate roles for the small GTPases ARF6 and Rab11 as intrinsic regulators of polarised transport and axon regeneration. ARF6 activation prevents the axonal transport of integrins in Rab11 endosomes in mature CNS axons. Decreasing ARF6 activation permits axonal transport, and increases regenerative ability. The findings suggest new targets for promoting axon regeneration after CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Nieuwenhuis
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Eva
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
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45
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Bonet-Ponce L, Beilina A, Williamson CD, Lindberg E, Kluss JH, Saez-Atienzar S, Landeck N, Kumaran R, Mamais A, Bleck CKE, Li Y, Cookson MR. LRRK2 mediates tubulation and vesicle sorting from lysosomes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/46/eabb2454. [PMID: 33177079 PMCID: PMC7673727 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb2454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation around the LRRK2 gene affects risk of both familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the biological functions of LRRK2 remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that LRRK2 is recruited to lysosomes after exposure of cells to the lysosome membrane-rupturing agent LLOME. Using an unbiased proteomic screen, we identified the motor adaptor protein JIP4 as an LRRK2 partner at the lysosomal membrane. LRRK2 can recruit JIP4 to lysosomes in a kinase-dependent manner via the phosphorylation of RAB35 and RAB10. Using super-resolution live-cell imaging microscopy and FIB-SEM, we demonstrate that JIP4 promotes the formation of LAMP1-negative tubules that release membranous content from lysosomes. Thus, we describe a new process orchestrated by LRRK2, which we name LYTL (LYsosomal Tubulation/sorting driven by LRRK2), by which lysosomal tubulation is used to release vesicles from lysosomes. Given the central role of the lysosome in PD, LYTL is likely to be disease relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Bonet-Ponce
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexandra Beilina
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chad D Williamson
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eric Lindberg
- Electron Microscopy Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jillian H Kluss
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sara Saez-Atienzar
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Natalie Landeck
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ravindran Kumaran
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adamantios Mamais
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher K E Bleck
- Electron Microscopy Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Proteomics Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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46
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Vasudevan A, Koushika SP. Molecular mechanisms governing axonal transport: a C. elegans perspective. J Neurogenet 2020; 34:282-297. [PMID: 33030066 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2020.1823385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Axonal transport is integral for maintaining neuronal form and function, and defects in axonal transport have been correlated with several neurological diseases, making it a subject of extensive research over the past several years. The anterograde and retrograde transport machineries are crucial for the delivery and distribution of several cytoskeletal elements, growth factors, organelles and other synaptic cargo. Molecular motors and the neuronal cytoskeleton function as effectors for multiple neuronal processes such as axon outgrowth and synapse formation. This review examines the molecular mechanisms governing axonal transport, specifically highlighting the contribution of studies conducted in C. elegans, which has proved to be a tractable model system in which to identify both novel and conserved regulatory mechanisms of axonal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Vasudevan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Sandhya P Koushika
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
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Spinner MA, Pinter K, Drerup CM, Herman TG. A Conserved Role for Vezatin Proteins in Cargo-Specific Regulation of Retrograde Axonal Transport. Genetics 2020; 216:431-445. [PMID: 32788307 PMCID: PMC7536845 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Active transport of organelles within axons is critical for neuronal health. Retrograde axonal transport, in particular, relays neurotrophic signals received by axon terminals to the nucleus and circulates new material among enpassant synapses. A single motor protein complex, cytoplasmic dynein, is responsible for nearly all retrograde transport within axons: its linkage to and transport of diverse cargos is achieved by cargo-specific regulators. Here, we identify Vezatin as a conserved regulator of retrograde axonal transport. Vertebrate Vezatin (Vezt) is required for the maturation and maintenance of cell-cell junctions and has not previously been implicated in axonal transport. However, a related fungal protein, VezA, has been shown to regulate retrograde transport of endosomes in hyphae. In a forward genetic screen, we identified a loss-of-function mutation in the Drosophila vezatin-like (vezl) gene. We here show that vezl loss prevents a subset of endosomes, including signaling endosomes containing activated BMP receptors, from initiating transport out of motor neuron terminal boutons. vezl loss also decreases the transport of endosomes and dense core vesicles, but not mitochondria, within axon shafts. We disrupted vezt in zebrafish and found that vezt loss specifically impairs the retrograde axonal transport of late endosomes, causing their accumulation in axon terminals. Our work establishes a conserved, cargo-specific role for Vezatin proteins in retrograde axonal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Spinner
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
| | - Katherine Pinter
- Unit on Neuronal Cell Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Catherine M Drerup
- Unit on Neuronal Cell Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Tory G Herman
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
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Nieuwenhuis B, Barber AC, Evans RS, Pearson CS, Fuchs J, MacQueen AR, van Erp S, Haenzi B, Hulshof LA, Osborne A, Conceicao R, Khatib TZ, Deshpande SS, Cave J, Ffrench‐Constant C, Smith PD, Okkenhaug K, Eickholt BJ, Martin KR, Fawcett JW, Eva R. PI 3-kinase delta enhances axonal PIP 3 to support axon regeneration in the adult CNS. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11674. [PMID: 32558386 PMCID: PMC7411663 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons support axon regeneration into adulthood, whereas central nervous system (CNS) neurons lose regenerative ability after development. To better understand this decline whilst aiming to improve regeneration, we focused on phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and its product phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3 ). We demonstrate that adult PNS neurons utilise two catalytic subunits of PI3K for axon regeneration: p110α and p110δ. However, in the CNS, axonal PIP3 decreases with development at the time when axon transport declines and regenerative competence is lost. Overexpressing p110α in CNS neurons had no effect; however, expression of p110δ restored axonal PIP3 and increased regenerative axon transport. p110δ expression enhanced CNS regeneration in both rat and human neurons and in transgenic mice, functioning in the same way as the hyperactivating H1047R mutation of p110α. Furthermore, viral delivery of p110δ promoted robust regeneration after optic nerve injury. These findings establish a deficit of axonal PIP3 as a key reason for intrinsic regeneration failure and demonstrate that native p110δ facilitates axon regeneration by functioning in a hyperactive fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Nieuwenhuis
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor SystemsNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Amanda C Barber
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Rachel S Evans
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Craig S Pearson
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Joachim Fuchs
- Institute of BiochemistryCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Amy R MacQueen
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and DevelopmentBabraham InstituteCambridgeUK
| | - Susan van Erp
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Barbara Haenzi
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Lianne A Hulshof
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Andrew Osborne
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Raquel Conceicao
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Tasneem Z Khatib
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Sarita S Deshpande
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Joshua Cave
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | | | | | - Britta J Eickholt
- Institute of BiochemistryCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Keith R Martin
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Centre for Eye Research AustraliaRoyal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalMelbourneVic.Australia
- OphthalmologyDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - James W Fawcett
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Centre of Reconstructive NeuroscienceInstitute of Experimental MedicineCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Richard Eva
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain RepairDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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49
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Belabed M, Mauvais FX, Maschalidi S, Kurowska M, Goudin N, Huang JD, Fischer A, de Saint Basile G, van Endert P, Sepulveda FE, Ménasché G. Kinesin-1 regulates antigen cross-presentation through the scission of tubulations from early endosomes in dendritic cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1817. [PMID: 32286311 PMCID: PMC7156633 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) constitute a specialized population of immune cells that present exogenous antigen (Ag) on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules to initiate CD8 + T cell responses against pathogens and tumours. Although cross-presentation depends critically on the trafficking of Ag-containing intracellular vesicular compartments, the molecular machinery that regulates vesicular transport is incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that mice lacking Kif5b (the heavy chain of kinesin-1) in their DCs exhibit a major impairment in cross-presentation and thus a poor in vivo anti-tumour response. We find that kinesin-1 critically regulates antigen cross-presentation in DCs, by controlling Ag degradation, the endosomal pH, and MHC-I recycling. Mechanistically, kinesin-1 appears to regulate early endosome maturation by allowing the scission of endosomal tubulations. Our results highlight kinesin-1’s role as a molecular checkpoint that modulates the balance between antigen degradation and cross-presentation. Kinesin-1 is a motor protein transporting cargo along microtubules. Here the authors show that kinesin-1 is required for antigen cross-presentation and coordinates endosome scission from early endosomes to allow sorting internalized cargoes towards the recycling endosomal or lysosomal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Belabed
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular basis of altered immune homeostasis, INSERM UMR1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - François-Xavier Mauvais
- Université de Paris, INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades; Université de Paris; CNRS, UMR8253, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sophia Maschalidi
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular basis of altered immune homeostasis, INSERM UMR1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Kurowska
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular basis of altered immune homeostasis, INSERM UMR1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Goudin
- Cell Imaging Facility, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alain Fischer
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular basis of altered immune homeostasis, INSERM UMR1163, F-75015, Paris, France.,Immunology and Pediatric Hematology Department, Necker Children's Hospital, AP-HP, F-75015, Paris, France.,Collège de France, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève de Saint Basile
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular basis of altered immune homeostasis, INSERM UMR1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Peter van Endert
- Université de Paris, INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades; Université de Paris; CNRS, UMR8253, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Fernando E Sepulveda
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular basis of altered immune homeostasis, INSERM UMR1163, F-75015, Paris, France.,Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Gaël Ménasché
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular basis of altered immune homeostasis, INSERM UMR1163, F-75015, Paris, France.
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50
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Tempes A, Weslawski J, Brzozowska A, Jaworski J. Role of dynein-dynactin complex, kinesins, motor adaptors, and their phosphorylation in dendritogenesis. J Neurochem 2020; 155:10-28. [PMID: 32196676 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the characteristic features of different classes of neurons that is vital for their proper functioning within neuronal networks is the shape of their dendritic arbors. To properly develop dendritic trees, neurons need to accurately control the intracellular transport of various cellular cargo (e.g., mRNA, proteins, and organelles). Microtubules and motor proteins (e.g., dynein and kinesins) that move along microtubule tracks play an essential role in cargo sorting and transport to the most distal ends of neurons. Equally important are motor adaptors, which may affect motor activity and specify cargo that is transported by the motor. Such transport undergoes very dynamic fine-tuning in response to changes in the extracellular environment and synaptic transmission. Such regulation is achieved by the phosphorylation of motors, motor adaptors, and cargo, among other mechanisms. This review focuses on the contribution of the dynein-dynactin complex, kinesins, their adaptors, and the phosphorylation of these proteins in the formation of dendritic trees by maturing neurons. We primarily review the effects of the motor activity of these proteins in dendrites on dendritogenesis. We also discuss less anticipated mechanisms that contribute to dendrite growth, such as dynein-driven axonal transport and non-motor functions of kinesins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Tempes
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Weslawski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Brzozowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Jaworski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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