1
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Hoi A, Igel T, Mok CC, Arnaud L. Systemic lupus erythematosus. Lancet 2024; 403:2326-2338. [PMID: 38642569 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic autoimmune disease characterised by the presence of autoantibodies towards nuclear antigens, immune complex deposition, and chronic inflammation at classic target organs such as skin, joints, and kidneys. Despite substantial advances in the diagnosis and management of SLE, the burden of disease remains high. It is important to appreciate the typical presentations and the diagnostic process to facilitate early referral and diagnosis for patients. In most patients, constitutional, mucocutaneous, and musculoskeletal symptoms represent the earliest complaints; these symptoms can include fatigue, lupus-specific rash, mouth ulcers, alopecia, joint pain, and myalgia. In this Seminar we will discuss a diagnostic approach to symptoms in light of the latest classification criteria, which include a systematic evaluation of clinical manifestations (weighted within each domain) and autoantibody profiles (such as anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-Sm, hypocomplementaemia, or antiphospholipid antibodies). Non-pharmacotherapy management is tailored to the individual, with specific lifestyle interventions and patient education to improve quality of life and medication (such as hydroxychloroquine or immunosuppressant) adherence. In the last decade, there have been a few major breakthroughs in approved treatments for SLE and lupus nephritis, such as belimumab, anifrolumab, and voclosporin. However the disease course remains variable and mortality unacceptably high. Access to these expensive medications has also been restricted across different regions of the world. Nonetheless, understanding of treatment goals and strategies has improved. We recognise that the main goal of treatment is the achievement of remission or low disease activity. Comorbidities due to both disease activity and treatment adverse effects, especially infections, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease, necessitate vigilant prevention and management strategies. Tailoring treatment options to achieve remission, while balancing treatment-related comorbidities, are priority areas of SLE management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberta Hoi
- Department of Rheumatology, Monash Health, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Talia Igel
- Department of Rheumatology, Monash Health, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chi Chiu Mok
- Department of Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Department of Rheumatology, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR-S 1109, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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2
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Ahmad Z, Kahloan W, Rosen ED. Transcriptional control of metabolism by interferon regulatory factors. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-00990-0. [PMID: 38769435 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) comprise a family of nine transcription factors in mammals. IRFs exert broad effects on almost all aspects of immunity but are best known for their role in the antiviral response. Over the past two decades, IRFs have been implicated in metabolic physiology and pathophysiology, partly as a result of their known functions in immune cells, but also because of direct actions in adipocytes, hepatocytes, myocytes and neurons. This Review focuses predominantly on IRF3 and IRF4, which have been the subject of the most intense investigation in this area. IRF3 is located in the cytosol and undergoes activation and nuclear translocation in response to various signals, including stimulation of Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors and the cGAS-STING pathways. IRF3 promotes weight gain, primarily by inhibiting adipose thermogenesis, and also induces inflammation and insulin resistance using both weight-dependent and weight-independent mechanisms. IRF4, meanwhile, is generally pro-thermogenic and anti-inflammatory and has profound effects on lipogenesis and lipolysis. Finally, new data are emerging on the role of other IRF family members in metabolic homeostasis. Taken together, data indicate that IRFs serve as critical yet underappreciated integrators of metabolic and inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunair Ahmad
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Wahab Kahloan
- AdventHealth Orlando Family Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Sheen K, Myung S, Lee DM, Yu S, Choi Y, Kim T, Kim J, Ji SG, Kim MS, Kim W, Lee Y, Kim MS, Park YC. RNA-Seq of an LPS-Induced Inflammation Model Reveals Transcriptional Profile Patterns of Inflammatory Processes. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:558. [PMID: 38792580 PMCID: PMC11121855 DOI: 10.3390/life14050558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The LPS-induced inflammation model is widely used for studying inflammatory processes due to its cost-effectiveness, reproducibility, and faithful representation of key hallmarks. While researchers often validate this model using clinical cytokine markers, a comprehensive understanding of gene regulatory mechanisms requires extending investigation beyond these hallmarks. Our study leveraged multiple whole-blood bulk RNA-seq datasets to rigorously compare the transcriptional profiles of the well-established LPS-induced inflammation model with those of several human diseases characterized by systemic inflammation. Beyond conventional inflammation-associated systems, we explored additional systems indirectly associated with inflammatory responses (i.e., ISR, RAAS, and UPR) using a customized core inflammatory gene list. Our cross-condition-validation approach spanned four distinct conditions: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, dengue infection, candidemia infection, and staphylococcus aureus exposure. This analysis approach, utilizing the core gene list aimed to assess the model's suitability for understanding the gene regulatory mechanisms underlying inflammatory processes triggered by diverse factors. Our analysis resulted in elevated expressions of innate immune-associated genes, coinciding with suppressed expressions of adaptive immune-associated genes. Also, upregulation of genes associated with cellular stresses and mitochondrial innate immune responses underscored oxidative stress as a central driver of the corresponding inflammatory processes in both the LPS-induced and other inflammatory contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisung Sheen
- Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (S.M.); (D.-M.L.); (S.Y.); (Y.C.); (T.K.); (J.K.); (S.-G.J.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokho Myung
- Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (S.M.); (D.-M.L.); (S.Y.); (Y.C.); (T.K.); (J.K.); (S.-G.J.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Lee
- Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (S.M.); (D.-M.L.); (S.Y.); (Y.C.); (T.K.); (J.K.); (S.-G.J.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeon Yu
- Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (S.M.); (D.-M.L.); (S.Y.); (Y.C.); (T.K.); (J.K.); (S.-G.J.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Yueun Choi
- Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (S.M.); (D.-M.L.); (S.Y.); (Y.C.); (T.K.); (J.K.); (S.-G.J.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoon Kim
- Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (S.M.); (D.-M.L.); (S.Y.); (Y.C.); (T.K.); (J.K.); (S.-G.J.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihan Kim
- Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (S.M.); (D.-M.L.); (S.Y.); (Y.C.); (T.K.); (J.K.); (S.-G.J.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Ji
- Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (S.M.); (D.-M.L.); (S.Y.); (Y.C.); (T.K.); (J.K.); (S.-G.J.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Seo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shoulder & Elbow Clinic, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea;
| | - Wonnam Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yoonsung Lee
- Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (S.M.); (D.-M.L.); (S.Y.); (Y.C.); (T.K.); (J.K.); (S.-G.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Man S. Kim
- Translational-Transdisciplinary Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (S.M.); (D.-M.L.); (S.Y.); (Y.C.); (T.K.); (J.K.); (S.-G.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yeon-Cheol Park
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
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Kim JR, Hong BK, Pham THN, Kim WU, Kim HA. Interferon-gamma signaling promotes cartilage regeneration after injury. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8046. [PMID: 38580748 PMCID: PMC10997668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58779-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common chronic disease and major cause of disability and chronic pain in ageing populations. In this pathology, the entire joint is involved, and the regeneration of articular cartilage still remains one of the main challenges. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying cartilage regeneration in young mice using a full-thickness cartilage injury (FTCI) model. FTCI-induced cartilage defects were created in the femoral trochlea of young and adult C57BL/6 mice. To identify key molecules and pathways involved in the early response to cartilage injury, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of cartilage RNA at 3 days after injury. Young mice showed superior cartilage regeneration compared to adult mice after cartilage injury. RNA-seq analysis revealed significant upregulation of genes associated with the immune response, particularly in the IFN-γ signaling pathway and qRT-PCR analysis showed macrophage polarization in the early phase of cartilage regeneration (3 days) in young mice after injury, which might promote the removal of damaged or necrotic cells and initiate cartilage regeneration in response to injury. IFN-γR1- and IFN-γ-deficient mice exhibited impaired cartilage regeneration following cartilage injury. DMM-induced and spontaneous OA phenotypes were exacerbated in IFN-γR1-/- mice than in wild-type mice. Our data support the hypothesis that IFN-γ signaling is necessary for cartilage regeneration, as well as for the amelioration of post-traumatic and age-induced OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ryoung Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 896, Pyungchon, Anyang, Kyunggi, 14068, Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
- Center for Intergrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Bong-Ki Hong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
- Center for Intergrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Thi Hong Nhung Pham
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 896, Pyungchon, Anyang, Kyunggi, 14068, Korea
- Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24252, Korea
| | - Wan-Uk Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
- Center for Intergrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 896, Pyungchon, Anyang, Kyunggi, 14068, Korea.
- Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24252, Korea.
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5
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Rutkowska-Zapała M, Grabowska-Gurgul A, Lenart M, Szaflarska A, Kluczewska A, Mach-Tomalska M, Baj-Krzyworzeka M, Siedlar M. Gene Signature of Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Children with Selective IgA Deficiency and Common Variable Immunodeficiency. Cells 2024; 13:417. [PMID: 38474381 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) is the most common form and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most symptomatic form of predominant antibody deficiency. Despite differences in the clinical picture, a similar genetic background is suggested. A common feature of both disorders is the occurrence of autoimmune conditions. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the major immune cell type that maintains autoimmune tolerance. As the different types of abnormalities of Treg cells have been associated with autoimmune disorders in primary immunodeficiency (PID) patients, in our study we aimed to analyze the gene expression profiles of Treg cells in CVID and SIgAD patients compared to age-matched healthy controls. The transcriptome-wide gene profiling was performed by microarray technology. As a result, we analyzed and visualized gene expression patterns of isolated population of Treg cells. We showed the differences at the gene level between patients with and without autoimmunizations. Our findings suggest that the gene signatures of Treg cells isolated from SIgAD and CVID patients differ from age-matched healthy controls and from each other, presenting transcriptional profiles enriched in innate immune or Th response, respectively. The occurrence of autoimmunity in both types of PID is associated with down-regulation of class I IFNs signaling pathways. In summary, our findings improve our understanding of Treg dysfunctions in patients with common PIDs and associated autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rutkowska-Zapała
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Grabowska-Gurgul
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marzena Lenart
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Szaflarska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kluczewska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Mach-Tomalska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Baj-Krzyworzeka
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
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6
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Fan W, Wei B, Chen X, Zhang Y, Xiao P, Li K, Zhang YQ, Huang J, Leng L, Bucala R. Potential role of RhoA GTPase regulation in type interferon signaling in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:31. [PMID: 38243295 PMCID: PMC10799493 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by abnormal activation of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway, which results in tissue inflammation and organ damage. We explored the role of the RhoA GTPase in the type I IFN activation pathway to provide a potential basis for targeting GTPase signaling for the treatment of SLE. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLE patients and healthy controls, and the mRNA expression levels of RhoA and IFN-stimulated genes were measured by SYBR Green quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. IFN-a-stimulated response element (ISRE)-luciferase reporter gene assays and Western blotting were conducted to assess the biologic function of RhoA. An enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) measured C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) protein expression. RESULTS Our studies demonstrate that the expression of RhoA in the PBMCs of SLE subjects was significantly higher than in healthy controls and positively correlated with type I IFN scores and type I IFN-stimulated gene (ISGs) expression levels. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of RhoA and the RhoA/ROCK inhibitor Y27632 reduced the activity of the type I IFN-induced ISRE, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1) phosphorylation, and the expression of CXCL10 and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1). Finally, we verified that Y27632 could significantly down-regulate the OAS1 and CXCL10 expression levels in the PBMCs of SLE patients. CONCLUSION Our study shows that RhoA positively regulates the activation of the type I IFN response pathway. Reducing the expression level of RhoA inhibits the abnormal activation of the type I IFN system, and the RhoA/ROCK inhibitor Y27632 decreases aberrant type I IFN signaling in SLE PBMCs, suggesting the possibility of targeting the RhoA GTPase for the treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Xuyan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Pingping Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Kaiyan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yi Qin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jinmei Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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7
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Liu Z, Wei W, Zhang J, Yang X, Feng Z, Zhang B, Hou X. Single-cell transcriptional profiling reveals aberrant gene expression patterns and cell states in autoimmune diseases. Mol Immunol 2024; 165:68-81. [PMID: 38159454 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis(MS), primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) share numerous clinical symptoms and serological characteristics. We analyzed 153550 cells of scRNA-seq data of 17 treatment-naive patients (5 MS, 5 pSS, and 7 SLE) and 10 healthy controls, and we examined the enrichment of biological processes, differentially expressed genes (DEGs), immune cell types, and their subpopulations, and cell-cell communication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The percentage of B cells, megakaryocytes, monocytes, and proliferating T cells presented significant changes in autoimmune diseases. The enrichment of cell types based on gene expression revealed an elevated monocyte. MIF, MK, and GALECTIN signaling networks were obvious differences in autoimmune diseases. Taken together, our analysis provides a comprehensive map of the cell types and states of ADs patients at the single-cell level to understand better the pathogenesis and treatment of these ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Liu
- Laboratory Central, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Wujun Wei
- Center for Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Junning Zhang
- Laboratory Central, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Laboratory Central, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Laboratory Central, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Laboratory Central, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Xianliang Hou
- Laboratory Central, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Reprogramming and Intelligent Medical Engineering for Chronic Diseases, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China.
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8
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Liongue C, Sobah ML, Ward AC. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Proteins at the Nexus of Immunodeficiency, Autoimmunity and Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 12:45. [PMID: 38255152 PMCID: PMC10813391 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of proteins has been demonstrated to perform pivotal roles downstream of a myriad of cytokines, particularly those that control immune cell production and function. This is highlighted by both gain-of-function (GOF) and loss-of-function (LOF) mutations being implicated in various diseases impacting cells of the immune system. These mutations are typically inherited, although somatic GOF mutations are commonly observed in certain immune cell malignancies. This review details the growing appreciation of STAT proteins as a key node linking immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (C.L.); (M.L.S.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Mohamed Luban Sobah
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (C.L.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Alister C. Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (C.L.); (M.L.S.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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9
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Ji L, Li T, Chen H, Yang Y, Lu E, Liu J, Qiao W, Chen H. The crucial regulatory role of type I interferon in inflammatory diseases. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:230. [PMID: 38124132 PMCID: PMC10734085 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) plays crucial roles in the regulation of inflammation and it is associated with various inflammatory diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and periodontitis, impacting people's health and quality of life. It is well-established that IFN-Is affect immune responses and inflammatory factors by regulating some signaling. However, currently, there is no comprehensive overview of the crucial regulatory role of IFN-I in distinctive pathways as well as associated inflammatory diseases. This review aims to provide a narrative of the involvement of IFN-I in different signaling pathways, mainly mediating the related key factors with specific targets in the pathways and signaling cascades to influence the progression of inflammatory diseases. As such, we suggested that IFN-Is induce inflammatory regulation through the stimulation of certain factors in signaling pathways, which displays possible efficient treatment methods and provides a reference for the precise control of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ji
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianle Li
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Eryi Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieying Liu
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Qiao
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Level 3, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Level 3, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Rossano M, Conti EA, Bocca P, Volpi S, Mastrangelo A, Cavalli R, Gattorno M, Minoia F, Filocamo G. Novel heterozygous TREX1 mutation in a juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patient with severe cutaneous involvement treated successfully with Jak-inhibitors: a case report. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1288675. [PMID: 38124732 PMCID: PMC10731305 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1288675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) is a complex inflammatory autoimmune disorder. In the last decades, genetic factors and activation pathways have been increasingly studied to understand their potential pathogenetic role better. Genetic and transcriptional abnormalities directly involved in the type I interferon (IFN) signaling cascade have been identified through family-based and genome-wide association studies. IFNs trigger signaling pathways that initiate gene transcription of IFN-stimulated genes through the activation of JAK1, TYK2, STAT1, and STAT2. Thus, the use of therapies that target the IFN pathway would represent a formidable advance in SLE. It is well known that JAK inhibitors have real potential for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, but their efficacy in the treatment of SLE remains to be elucidated. We report the case of a 13-year-old girl affected by jSLE, carrying a novel heterozygous missense variant on Three prime Repair EXonuclease 1 (TREX1), successfully treated with baricitinib on top of mofetil mycophenolate. The TREX1 gene plays an important role in DNA damage repair, and its mutations have been associated with an overproduction of type 1 interferon. This report underlines the role of translational research in identifying potential pathogenetic pathways in rare diseases to optimize treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rossano
- Pediatric Immuno-Rheumatology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Amleto Conti
- Pediatric Immuno-Rheumatology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Bocca
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- DINOGMI, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Mastrangelo
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cavalli
- Unit of Pediatric Dermatology, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Minoia
- Pediatric Immuno-Rheumatology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Filocamo
- Pediatric Immuno-Rheumatology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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11
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Zhan H, Cheng L, Li H, Liu Y, Huang Y, Li X, Yan S, Li Y. Integrated analyses delineate distinctive immunological pathways and diagnostic signatures for Behcet's disease by leveraging gene microarray data. Immunol Res 2023; 71:860-872. [PMID: 37341899 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory vasculitis and clinically heterogeneous disorder caused by immunocyte aberrations. Comprehensive research on gene expression patterns in BD illuminating its aetiology is lacking. E-MTAB-2713 downloaded from ArrayExpress was analysed to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using limma. Random forest (RF) and neural network (NN) classification models composed of gene signatures were established using the E-MTAB-2713 training set and subsequently verified using GSE17114. Single sample gene set enrichment analysis was used to assess immunocyte infiltration. After identifying DEGs in E-MTAB-2713, pathogen-triggered, lymphocyte-mediated and angiogenesis- and glycosylation-related inflammatory pathways were discovered to be predominant in BD episodes. Gene signatures from the RF and NN diagnostic models, together with genes enriched in angiogenesis and glycosylation pathways, well discriminated the clinical subtypes of BD manifesting as mucocutaneous, ocular and large vein thrombosis involvement in GSE17114. Moreover, a distinctive immunocyte profile revealed T, NK and dendritic cell activation in BD compared to the findings in healthy controls. Our findings suggested that EPHX1, PKP2, EIF4B and HORMAD1 expression in CD14+ monocytes and CSTF3 and TCEANC2 expression in CD16+ neutrophils could serve as combined gene signatures for BD phenotype differentiation. Pathway genes comprising ATP2B4, MYOF and NRP1 for angiogenesis and GXYLT1, ENG, CD69, GAA, SIGLEC7, SIGLEC9 and SIGLEC16 for glycosylation also might be applicable diagnostic markers for subtype identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoting Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Linlin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Songxin Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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12
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Yang L, Zhang T, Wang P, Chen W, Liu W, He X, Zhang Y, Jin S, Luo Z, Zhang Z, Wang X, Liu J. Imatinib and M351-0056 enhance the function of VISTA and ameliorate the development of SLE via IFN-I and noncanonical NF-κB pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:3287-3304. [PMID: 37804401 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA), an important negative checkpoint protein, participates in immunoregulation. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which patients exhibit high levels of autoantibodies and multi-organ tissue injury, primarily involving the kidney and skin. In wild-type (WT) mice and Vsir-/- mice with pristane-induced lupus-like disease, we found that VISTA deficiency exacerbated the lupus-like disease in mice, possibly through aberrant activation of type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling, CD4+ T cell, and noncanonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. Surface plasmon resonance results showed that imatinib, an FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor, may have a high affinity for human VISTA-ECD with a KD value of 0.2009 μM. The biological activities of imatinib and VISTA agonist M351-0056 were studied in monocytes and T cells and in lupus-like disease murine model of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) and lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. VISTA small-molecule agonist reduced the cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and Jurkat cells and inhibited PBMCs proliferation. Moreover, they attenuated the levels of autoantibodies, renal injury, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and immune cell expansion in the cGVHD mouse model and MRL/lpr mice. Our findings also demonstrated that VISTA small-molecule agonist ameliorated the development of SLE through improving aberrantly activated IFN-I signaling and noncanonical NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, VISTA has a protective effect on the development and progression of SLE. VISTA agonist M351-0056 and imatinib have been firstly demonstrated to attenuate SLE, suggesting interventions to enhance VISTA function may be effective in treating SLE. VISTA deficiency exacerbates pristane-induced lupus-like disease in mice by promoting activation of the IFN-I and noncanonical NF-κB pathway. Imatinib was screened as a small-molecule VISTA agonist by molecular docking, SPR, and cellular level experiments. VISTA agonists (M351-0056 and imatinib) alleviated lupus-like disease progression in the cGVHD mouse model and MRL/lpr mice by inhibiting activation of IFN-I and noncanonical NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Penglu Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wanmei Liu
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shasha Jin
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhijie Luo
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xinzhi Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Yu S, Gu J, Wang R, Lee S, Shan Y, Wang J, Sun Y, Ma X. TIGIT reverses IFN-α-promoted Th1-like Tregs via in-sequence effects dependent on STAT4. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:221. [PMID: 37978415 PMCID: PMC10655484 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The induction direction of interferon (IFN)-α in T-cell phenotype and function varies depending on the activation state of the cell and the time of stimulation. To assess the effects of elevated IFN-α on regulatory T cells (Tregs) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, we investigated the differentiation of Th1-like Tregs under in-sequence and out-of-sequence conditions and the reversal effect of activating TIGIT on immune suppression. METHODS Phenotypes and activation levels of Tregs from SLE patients and healthy controls were analyzed using flow cytometry. In vitro culture conditions based on the sequence of TCR activation and IFN-α stimulation simulated in-sequence or out-of-sequence effects. CD4+T cells and Tregs were cultured under the above conditions with or without TIGIT agonist. Expression of related characteristic markers and phosphorylation levels of AKT, mTOR, and STATs were detected using flow cytometry and ELISA. RESULTS The frequency of Th1-like Tregs and activation levels of Tregs increased, but TIGIT expression in Tregs decreased in SLE patients. IFN-α promoted the conversation of Tregs to Th1-like Tregs while reducing immunosuppressive function under in-sequence conditions. The STAT4 pathway, but not the STAT1 pathway, was crucial for the IFN-α-mediated in-sequence effects. Reactivation of TIGIT reversed Th1 polarization of Tregs by suppressing AKT/mTOR and STAT4 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that IFN-α mediated in-sequence effects on Tregs may be responsible for the expansion of Th1-like Tregs in SLE. TIGIT can restore immune suppression damage in Tregs and represents a potential therapeutic target for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Shan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenyang, China
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Jiakai Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yini Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Hou Y, Wang L, Luo C, Tang W, Dai R, An Y, Tang X. Clinical characteristics of early-onset paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus in a single centre in China. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3373-3381. [PMID: 36810668 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to investigate the sex distribution, clinical presentations, disease outcomes and genetic background of early-onset paediatric SLE (eo-pSLE) in a single centre in China to help enable early diagnosis and timely treatment. METHODS The clinical data of children aged less than 5 years old with SLE (n = 19) from January 2012 to December 2021 were reviewed and analysed. We performed DNA sequencing in 11 out of 19 patients to survey the genetic aetiologies. RESULTS Our study included 6 males and 13 females. The mean age at onset was 3.73 years. The median diagnostic delay was 9 months and was longer in male patients (P = 0.02). Four patients had an SLE-relevant family history. The most common clinical manifestations at diagnosis were fever, rash and hepatosplenomegaly. ANA positivity and low C3 were identified in all children. The renal (94.74%), mucocutaneous (94.74%), haematological (89.47%), respiratory (89.47%), digestive (84.21%), cardiovascular (57.89%) and neuropsychiatric (52.63%) systems were involved to varying degrees. We identified 13 SLE-associated gene mutations in 9 out of 11 patients: TREX1, PIK3CD, LRBA, KRAS, STAT4, C3, ITGAM, CYBB, TLR5, RIPK1, BACH2, CFHR5 and SYK. One male patient showed a 47, XXY chromosomal abnormality. CONCLUSION Early-onset (<5 years) pSLE is characterized by an insidious onset, typical immunological patterns, and the involvement of multiple organs. Immunological screening and genetic testing should be performed as soon as feasible in patients with an early onset of multisystemic autoimmune diseases to confirm the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipei Hou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Paediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Paediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Chong Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Paediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Paediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongxin Dai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Paediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunfei An
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Paediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Paediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
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15
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Fan W, Wei B, Chen X, Zhang Y, Xiao P, Li K, Zhang YQ, Huang J, Leng L, Bucala R. The RhoA GTPase regulates Type I Interferon Signaling in Systemic lupus erythematosus. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3320841. [PMID: 37790522 PMCID: PMC10543431 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3320841/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by abnormal activation of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway, which results in tissue inflammation and organ damage. We explored the role of the RhoA GTPase in the type I IFN activation pathway to provide a potential basis for targeting GTPase signaling for the treatment of SLE. Methods Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLE patients and healthy controls, and the mRNA expression levels of RhoA and IFN-stimulated genes were measured by SYBR Green quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE)-luciferase reporter gene assays and Western blotting were conducted to asssess the biologic function of RhoA. An Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay (ELISA) measured C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10(CXCL10)protein expression. Results Our studies demonstrated that the expression of RhoA in the PBMCs of SLE subjects was significantly higher than healthy controls and positively correlated with type I IFN scores and type I IFN-stimulated gene (ISGs) expression levels. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of RhoA and the RhoA/ROCK inhibitor Y27632 reduced the activity of the type I IFN-induced ISRE, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1) phosphorylation, and the expression of CXCL10 and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1(OAS1). Finally,we verified that Y27632 could significantly down-regulate the OAS1 and CXCL10 expression levels in PBMCs of SLE patients. Conclusion Our study shows that RhoA positively regulates the activation of the type I IFN response pathway. Reducing the expression level of RhoA inhibits the abnormal activation of the type I IFN system, and the RhoA/ROCK inhibitor Y27632 decreases aberrant type I IFN signaling in SLE PBMCs, suggesting the possibility of targeting the RhoA GTPase for the treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Bo Wei
- Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen University
| | - Xuyan Chen
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Yi Zhang
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Pingping Xiao
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Kaiyan Li
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Yi Qin Zhang
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Jinmei Huang
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Lin Leng
- Yale University School of Medicine
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Tanaka Y, Kusuda M, Yamaguchi Y. Interferons and systemic lupus erythematosus: Pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatments in interferon-driven disease. Mod Rheumatol 2023; 33:857-867. [PMID: 36440704 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) have recently received a lot of attention with the elucidation of the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Type I IFNs are associated with many SLE symptoms and play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases that may occur concurrently with SLE, such as Sjögren's syndrome, antiphospholipid syndrome, myositis, scleroderma, and interferonopathy. Type I IFNs could be the link between these diseases. However, direct measurement of type I IFN levels and the IFN gene signature is currently unavailable in clinical practice. This review discusses type I IFN signalling in SLE, investigates the role of type I IFN in the clinical manifestations and symptoms associated with SLE and other IFN-related diseases, and discusses the clinical tests that can be used to diagnose SLE and measure disease activity. In addition, the role of type I IFN-blocking therapies as potential treatments for SLE is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
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17
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Pan L, Liu J, Liu C, Guo L, Punaro M, Yang S. Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: characteristics and the prospect of glucocorticoid pulse therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1128754. [PMID: 37638017 PMCID: PMC10448525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1128754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is an autoimmune disease that results in significant damage and often needs more aggressive treatment. Compared to adult-onset SLE, cSLE has a stronger genetic background and more prevalent elevated type I Interferon expression. The management of cSLE is more challenging because the disease itself and treatment can affect physical, psychological and emotional growth and development. High dose oral glucocorticoid (GC) has become the rule for treating moderate to severe cSLE activity. However, GC-related side effects and potential toxicities are problems that cannot be ignored. Recent studies have suggested that GC pulse therapy can achieve disease remission rapidly and reduce GC-related side effects with a reduction in oral prednisone doses. This article reviews characteristics, including pathogenesis and manifestations of cSLE, and summarized the existing evidence on GC therapy, especially on GC pulse therapy in cSLE, followed by our proposal for GC therapy according to the clinical effects and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Pan
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lishuang Guo
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Marilynn Punaro
- Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Rheumatology, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Houston, TX, United States
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Children’s Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sirui Yang
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Fan J, Li Q, Liang J, Chen Z, Chen L, Lai J, Chen Q. Regulation of IFNβ expression: focusing on the role of its promoter and transcription regulators. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1158777. [PMID: 37396372 PMCID: PMC10309559 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1158777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IFNβ is a single-copy gene without an intron. Under normal circumstances, it shows low or no expression in cells. It is upregulated only when the body needs it or is stimulated. Stimuli bind to the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and pass via various signaling pathways to several basic transcriptional regulators, such as IRFs, NF-кB, and AP-1. Subsequently, the transcriptional regulators enter the nucleus and bind to regulatory elements of the IFNβ promoter. After various modifications, the position of the nucleosome is altered and the complex is assembled to activate the IFNβ expression. However, IFNβ regulation involves a complex network. For the study of immunity and diseases, it is important to understand how transcription factors bind to regulatory elements through specific forms, which elements in cells are involved in regulation, what regulation occurs during the assembly of enhancers and transcription complexes, and the possible regulatory mechanisms after transcription. Thus, this review focuses on the various regulatory mechanisms and elements involved in the activation of IFNβ expression. In addition, we discuss the impact of this regulation in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiang Fan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiumei Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiadi Liang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhirong Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linqin Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junzhong Lai
- The Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Li Y, Ma C, Liao S, Qi S, Meng S, Cai W, Dai W, Cao R, Dong X, Krämer BK, Yun C, Hocher B, Hong X, Liu D, Tang D, He J, Yin L, Dai Y. Combined proteomics and single cell RNA-sequencing analysis to identify biomarkers of disease diagnosis and disease exacerbation for systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:969509. [PMID: 36524113 PMCID: PMC9746895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.969509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease for which there is no cure. Effective diagnosis and precise assessment of disease exacerbation remains a major challenge. Methods We performed peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proteomics of a discovery cohort, including patients with active SLE and inactive SLE, patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and healthy controls (HC). Then, we performed a machine learning pipeline to identify biomarker combinations. The biomarker combinations were further validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in another cohort. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from active SLE, inactive SLE, and HC PBMC samples further elucidated the potential immune cellular sources of each of these PBMC biomarkers. Results Screening of the PBMC proteome identified 1023, 168, and 124 proteins that were significantly different between SLE vs. HC, SLE vs. RA, and active SLE vs. inactive SLE, respectively. The machine learning pipeline identified two biomarker combinations that accurately distinguished patients with SLE from controls and discriminated between active and inactive SLE. The validated results of ELISAs for two biomarker combinations were in line with the discovery cohort results. Among them, the six-protein combination (IFIT3, MX1, TOMM40, STAT1, STAT2, and OAS3) exhibited good performance for SLE disease diagnosis, with AUC of 0.723 and 0.815 for distinguishing SLE from HC and RA, respectively. Nine-protein combination (PHACTR2, GOT2, L-selectin, CMC4, MAP2K1, CMPK2, ECPAS, SRA1, and STAT2) showed a robust performance in assessing disease exacerbation (AUC=0.990). Further, the potential immune cellular sources of nine PBMC biomarkers, which had the consistent changes with the proteomics data, were elucidated by PBMC scRNAseq. Discussion Unbiased proteomic quantification and experimental validation of PBMC samples from two cohorts of patients with SLE were identified as biomarker combinations for diagnosis and activity monitoring. Furthermore, the immune cell subtype origin of the biomarkers in the transcript expression level was determined using PBMC scRNAseq. These findings present valuable PBMC biomarkers associated with SLE and may reveal potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Li
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chiyu Ma
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengyou Liao
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Suwen Qi
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuhui Meng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanxia Cai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weier Dai
- College of Natural Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Rui Cao
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangnan Dong
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bernhard K. Krämer
- Fifth Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chen Yun
- Department of Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of China International Trust and Investment Corporation (CITIC)-Xiangya, Changsha, China,Institute of Medical Diagnostics (IMD), Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaoping Hong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongzhou Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Yong Dai, ; Lianghong Yin, ; Jingquan He, ; Donge Tang,
| | - Jingquan He
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Yong Dai, ; Lianghong Yin, ; Jingquan He, ; Donge Tang,
| | - Lianghong Yin
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou Enttxs Medical Products Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yong Dai, ; Lianghong Yin, ; Jingquan He, ; Donge Tang,
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Yong Dai, ; Lianghong Yin, ; Jingquan He, ; Donge Tang,
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20
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A Study on MDA5 Signaling in Splenic B Cells from an Imiquimod-Induced Lupus Mouse Model with Proteomics. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213350. [DOI: 10.3390/cells11213350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Several environmental stimuli may influence lupus, particularly viral infections. In this study, we used an imiquimod-induced lupus mouse model focused on the TLR7 pathway and proteomics analysis to determine the specific pathway related to viral infection and the related protein expressions in splenic B cells to obtain insight into B-cell responses to viral infection in the lupus model. Materials and Methods: We treated FVB/N wild-type mice with imiquimod for 8 weeks to induce lupus symptoms and signs, retrieved splenocytes, selected B cells, and conducted the proteomic analysis. The B cells were co-cultured with CD40L+ feeder cells for another week before performing Western blot analysis. Panther pathway analysis was used to disclose the pathways activated and the protein–protein interactome was analyzed by the STRING database in this lupus murine model. Results: The lupus model was well established and well demonstrated with serology evidence and pathology proof of lupus-mimicking organ damage. Proteomics data of splenic B cells revealed that the most important activated pathways (fold enrichment > 100) demonstrated positive regulation of the MDA5 signaling pathway, negative regulation of IP-10 production, negative regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production, and positive regulation of the RIG-I signaling pathway. A unique protein–protein interactome containing 10 genes was discovered, within which ISG15, IFIH1, IFIT1, DDX60, and DHX58 were demonstrated to be downstream effectors of MDA5 signaling. Finally, we found B-cell intracellular cytosolic proteins via Western blot experiment and continued to observe MDA5-related pathway activation. Conclusion: In this experiment, we confirmed that the B cells in the lupus murine model focusing on the TLR7 pathway were activated through the MDA5 signaling pathway, an important RNA sensor implicated in the detection of viral infections and autoimmunity. The MDA5 agonist/antagonist RNAs and the detailed molecular interactions within B cells are worthy of further investigation for lupus therapy.
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21
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Identification of Significant Genes and Pathways for the Chronic and Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus via Bioinformatics Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9891299. [PMID: 36212172 PMCID: PMC9537011 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9891299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE) and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) are both common variants of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) that mainly involve the skin and mucous membrane. Oral mucosal involvement is frequently observed in patients of CLE. Despite that they have different clinicopathological features, whether there is a significant difference in pathogenesis between them remains unclear. Herein, we investigated specific genes and pathways of SCLE and CCLE via bioinformatics analysis. Methods Microarray expression datasets of GSE109248 and GSE112943 were both retrieved from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CCLE or SCLE skin tissues and health controls were selected by GEO2R. Common DEGs were picked out via the Venn diagram software. Then, functional enrichment and PPI network analysis were conducted, and the top 10 key genes were identified via Cytohubba. Results Totally, 176 DEGs of SCLE and 287 DEGs of CCLE were identified. The GO enrichment and KEGG analysis of DEGs of SCLE is significantly enriched in the response to virus, defense response to virus, response to IFN-gamma, cellular response to IFN-γ, type I IFN signaling pathway, chemokine activity, chemokine receptor binding, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, etc. The GO enrichment and KEGG analysis of DEGs of CCLE is significantly enriched in the response to virus, regulation of multiorganism process, negative regulation of viral process, regulation of lymphocyte activation, chemokine receptor binding, CCR chemokine receptor binding, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, etc. The top 10 hub genes of SCLE and CCLE, respectively, include STAT1, CXCL10, IRF7, ISG15, and RSAD2 and CXCL10, IRF7, IFIT3, CTLA4, and ISG15. Conclusion Our finding suggests that SCLE and CCLE have the similar potential key genes and pathways and majority of them belong to IFN signatures and IFN signaling pathway. Besides, the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway might also have an essential role in the pathogenesis of SCLE and CCLE. Together, the identified genes and signaling pathways have enhanced our understanding of the mechanism underlying the occurrence and development of both SCLE and CCLE.
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22
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Castellanos Gutierrez AS, Figueras F, Morales-Prieto DM, Schleußner E, Espinosa G, Baños N. Placental damage in pregnancies with systemic lupus erythematosus: A narrative review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:941586. [PMID: 36059466 PMCID: PMC9428442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.941586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown cause, which mainly affects women of childbearing age, especially between 15 and 55 years of age. During pregnancy, SLE is associated with a high risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Among the most frequent complications are spontaneous abortion, fetal death, prematurity, intrauterine Fetal growth restriction (FGR), and preeclampsia (PE). The pathophysiology underlying obstetric mortality and morbidity in SLE is still under investigation, but several studies in recent years have suggested that placental dysfunction may play a crucial role. Understanding this association will contribute to developing therapeutic options and improving patient management thus reducing the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in this group of women. In this review, we will focus on the relationship between SLE and placental insufficiency leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleida Susana Castellanos Gutierrez
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Francesc Figueras
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana M. Morales-Prieto
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Núria Baños, ; Diana M. Morales-Prieto,
| | - Ekkehard Schleußner
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerard Espinosa
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Baños
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Núria Baños, ; Diana M. Morales-Prieto,
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23
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Shen M, Duan C, Xie C, Wang H, Li Z, Li B, Wang T. Identification of key interferon-stimulated genes for indicating the condition of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:962393. [PMID: 35967341 PMCID: PMC9365928 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.962393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with highly heterogeneous clinical symptoms and severity. There is complex pathogenesis of SLE, one of which is IFNs overproduction and downstream IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) upregulation. Identifying the key ISGs differentially expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with SLE and healthy people could help to further understand the role of the IFN pathway in SLE and discover potential diagnostic biomarkers.The differentially expressed ISGs (DEISG) in PBMCs of SLE patients and healthy persons were screened from two datasets of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A total of 67 DEISGs, including 6 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 61 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were identified by the “DESeq2” R package. According to Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, those DEISGs were mainly concentrated in the response to virus and immune system processes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network showed that most of these DEISGs could interact strongly with each other. Then, IFIT1, RSAD2, IFIT3, USP18, ISG15, OASL, MX1, OAS2, OAS3, and IFI44 were considered to be hub ISGs in SLE by “MCODE” and “Cytohubba” plugins of Cytoscape, Moreover, the results of expression correlation suggested that 3 lncRNAs (NRIR, FAM225A, and LY6E-DT) were closely related to the IFN pathway.The lncRNA NRIR and mRNAs (RSAD2, USP18, IFI44, and ISG15) were selected as candidate ISGs for verification. RT-qPCR results showed that PBMCs from SLE patients had substantially higher expression levels of 5 ISGs compared to healthy controls (HCs). Additionally, statistical analyses revealed that the expression levels of these ISGs were strongly associated to various clinical symptoms, including thrombocytopenia and facial erythema, as well as laboratory indications, including the white blood cell (WBC) count and levels of autoantibodies. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated that the IFI44, USP18, RSAD2, and IFN score had good diagnostic capabilities of SLE.According to our study, SLE was associated with ISGs including NRIR, RSAD2, USP18, IFI44, and ISG15, which may contribute to the future diagnosis and new personalized targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Congcong Duan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Changhao Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Baiqing Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Wang,
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Differentiating between UCTD and early-stage SLE: from definitions to clinical approach. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:9-21. [PMID: 34764455 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations that can potentially affect every organ and system. SLE is usually identified on the basis of clinical or serological manifestations; however, some individuals can present with signs and symptoms that are consistent with SLE but are not sufficient for a definite diagnosis. Disease in these individuals can either progress over time to definite SLE or remain stable, in which case their disease is often described as intermediate, possible or probable SLE. Alternatively, such individuals might have undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD). Being able to differentiate between those with stable UCTD and those with SLE at an early stage is important to avoid irreversible target-organ damage from occurring. This Review provides insight into existing and evolving perceptions of the early stages of SLE, including clinical and mechanistic considerations, as well as potential paths towards early identification and intervention. Further research into the earliest phases of SLE will be important for the development of targeted diagnostic approaches and biomarkers for the identification of individuals with early disease who are likely to progress to definite SLE.
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Larionova R, Byvaltsev K, Kravtsova О, Takha E, Petrov S, Kazarian G, Valeeva A, Shuralev E, Mukminov M, Renaudineau Y, Arleevskaya M. SARS-Cov2 acute and post-active infection in the context of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. J Transl Autoimmun 2022; 5:100154. [PMID: 35434592 PMCID: PMC9005220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2022.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical and immunological spectrum of acute and post-active COVID-19 syndrome overlaps with criteria used to characterize autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Indeed, following SARS-Cov2 infection, the innate immune response is altered with an initial delayed production of interferon type I (IFN-I), while the NF-kappa B and inflammasome pathways are activated. In lung and digestive tissues, an alternative and extrafollicular immune response against SARS-Cov2 takes place with, consequently, an altered humoral and memory T cell response leading to breakdown of tolerance with the emergence of autoantibodies. However, the risk of developing severe COVID-19 among SLE and RA patients did not exceed the general population except in those having pre-existing neutralizing autoantibodies against IFN-I. Treatment discontinuation rather than COVID-19 infection or vaccination increases the risk of developing flares. Last but not least, a limited number of case reports of individuals having developed SLE or RA following COVID-19 infection/vaccination have been reported. Altogether, the SARS-Cov2 pandemic represents an unique opportunity to investigate the dangerous interplay between the immune response against infectious agents and autoimmunity, and to better understand the triggering role of infection as a risk factor in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease development.
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Key Words
- ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2
- ACPA, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoAb
- ANA, antinuclear autoAb
- AutoAb, autoantibodies
- BAFF/BlySS, B-cell-activating factor/B lymphocyte stimulator
- CCL, chemokine ligand
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- DMARDs, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
- E, envelope
- HEp-2, human epithelioma cell line 2
- IFN-I, interferon type I
- IFNAR, IFN-alpha receptors
- IL, interleukin
- IRF, interferon regulatory factor
- ISGs, IFN-stimulated genes
- ITP, immune-thrombocytopenic purpura
- Ig, immunoglobulin
- Infection
- Inflammation
- Jak, Janus kinase
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- M, membrane
- MDA-5, melanoma differentiation-associated protein
- MERS-Cov, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- MIS-C, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
- N, nucleocapsid
- NET, nuclear extracellular traps
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- NK, natural killer
- NLRP3, NOD-like receptor family
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Risk factors
- SARS-Cov2
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- T cell receptor, TLR
- Toll-like receptor, TMPRSS2
- aPL, antiphospholipid
- mAb, monoclonal Ab
- open reading frame, PACS
- pathogen-associated molecular patterns, pDC
- pattern recognition receptors, RA
- peptidylarginine deiminase 4, PAMPs
- plasmacytoid dendritic cells, PMN
- polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PRRs
- post-active COVID-19 syndrome, PAD-4
- primary Sjögren's syndrome, SLE
- pyrin domain containing 3, ORF
- reactive oxygen species, rt-PCR
- receptor binding domain, RF
- regulatory T cells, VDJ
- retinoic acid-inducible gene I, ROS
- reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, S
- rheumatoid arthritis, RBD
- rheumatoid factor, RIG-I
- severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2, SjS
- signal transducer and activator of transcription, TCR
- single-stranded ribonucleic acid, STAT
- spike, SAD
- systemic autoimmune disease, SARS-Cov2
- systemic lupus erythematosus, SSc
- systemic sclerosis, ssRNA
- transmembrane serine protease 2, TNF
- tumor necrosis factor, Treg
- variable, diversity and joining Ig genes
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Larionova
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - K Byvaltsev
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Оlga Kravtsova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena Takha
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | - Sergei Petrov
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Gevorg Kazarian
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | - Anna Valeeva
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | - Eduard Shuralev
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine Named After N.E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
| | - Malik Mukminov
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunology, CHU Purpan Toulouse, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Marina Arleevskaya
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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Awasthi N, Liongue C, Ward AC. STAT proteins: a kaleidoscope of canonical and non-canonical functions in immunity and cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:198. [PMID: 34809691 PMCID: PMC8607625 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT proteins represent an important family of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that play key roles in diverse biological processes, notably including blood and immune cell development and function. Classically, STAT proteins have been viewed as inducible activators of transcription that mediate cellular responses to extracellular signals, particularly cytokines. In this 'canonical' paradigm, latent STAT proteins become tyrosine phosphorylated following receptor activation, typically via downstream JAK proteins, facilitating their dimerization and translocation into the nucleus where they bind to specific sequences in the regulatory region of target genes to activate transcription. However, growing evidence has challenged this paradigm and identified alternate 'non-canonical' functions, such as transcriptional repression and roles outside the nucleus, with both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated STATs involved. This review provides a revised framework for understanding the diverse kaleidoscope of STAT protein functional modalities. It further discusses the implications of this framework for our understanding of STAT proteins in normal blood and immune cell biology and diseases such as cancer, and also provides an evolutionary context to place the origins of these alternative functional modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Awasthi
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia.,Institue of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia.,Institue of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia. .,Institue of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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