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Espino E, Jiménez-Díaz O, Del Rey R, Elipe P. Outlining Individual and Contextual Factors Related to LGBTQ+ Bullying: A Systematic Review of Two Decades of Research. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:898-917. [PMID: 37078578 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231165724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Scientific interest in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and any other sexual orientation, gender identity and/or expression (LGBTQ+) bullying in educational settings has grown exponentially in recent years. However, the varied ways of measuring its occurrence and associated factors have made it difficult to achieve a holistic understanding of this problem. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to provide an updated overview of individual and contextual factors related to LGBTQ+ bullying over the past two decades, based on the measurement approach to this phenomenon. Studies published from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses strategy. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied in a staggered process, and 111 articles met all the criteria. Studies focusing on LGBTQ+ bullying victimization or aggression were eligible for inclusion. Our analysis revealed LGBTQ+ bullying is usually examined by measures of general aggressions (47.8%) from the victims' perspective (87.3%). The best-represented factors across studies were individual characteristics (63.1%; n = 70), especially participants' sexual orientation and gender identity and expression (68.5%). Boys/males, from a binary gender perspective, and sexual and gender minority youth in general, were more at risk of being targeted for LGBTQ+ bullying. Although contextual factors were far less well-represented, the results revealed that gay-straight alliances, anti-homophobia policies, and social support act as protective factors. This review highlights the need to analyze LGBTQ+ bullying considering the full spectrum of sexual and gender diversity, to examine in more detail its contextual risk/protective factors, and to design public policies and psychoeducational programs in order to address the low effectiveness of generic interventions. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
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Coulter RW, Mahal IK, Lin CA, Schneider SK, Mathias AS, Baral K, Miller E, Abebe KZ. Providing Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Nonbinary, and Queer Adolescents With Nurturance, Trustworthiness, and Safety: Protocol for Pilot Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial Design. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e55210. [PMID: 38502156 PMCID: PMC10988370 DOI: 10.2196/55210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual and gender minority youths (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, nonbinary, and queer individuals) face elevated risks of substance use (eg, alcohol and tobacco) and mental health issues (eg, depressive symptoms and suicidality) compared to their cisgender heterosexual peers. These inequities are hypothesized to be reduced by building supportive high school environments via the training of school staff. An intervention that trains school staff to better understand and support sexual and gender minority youths and engage in positive bystander behaviors that protect them from bullying exposure may reduce disparities in drug and alcohol use among them. Experts, school staff, and sexual and gender minority youths developed Providing LGBTQ+ Adolescents with Nurturance, Trustworthiness, and Safety (PLANTS), a web-based intervention to train school staff on how to support, affirm, and protect sexual and gender minority youths. OBJECTIVE This paper describes the design of the PLANTS pilot trial primarily aimed at assessing its acceptability, usability, appropriateness, and feasibility. We hypothesize PLANTS will have high acceptability, usability, appropriateness, and feasibility as rated by the school staff. Secondary objectives focus on implementation, safety, and pre-post changes in high school staff outcomes, including self-efficacy and skills (eg, active-empathic listening and bullying intervention). Exploratory objectives focus on the impact of PLANTS on student health outcomes. METHODS In a 2-arm cluster randomized controlled trial, high schools in Massachusetts are allocated to PLANTS or an active comparator group (publicly available sexual and gender minority youths resources or training). High school staff complete pretest and posttest surveys containing validated scales. Primary outcomes are validated measures of acceptability, usability, appropriateness, and feasibility of the intervention completed by staff during posttest surveys. To test our primary hypotheses for each outcome, we will calculate means and 95% CIs and P values using 1-sample 2-sided t tests against a priori thresholds or benchmarks of success. Secondary outcomes include staff's active-empathetic listening skills, self-efficacy for working with sexual and gender minority youths, bystander intervention behaviors for bullying and cyberbullying, and self-efficacy for PLANTS' change objectives completed during pretest and posttest staff surveys. Staff can also complete a posttest interview guided by the Information-Motivation-Behavior model and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Exploratory outcomes include student-level data collected via the 2021 and 2023 MetroWest Adolescent Health Surveys, a health behavior surveillance system in 30 Massachusetts schools. RESULTS School enrollment began in May 2023 and participant enrollment began in June 2023. Data collection is expected to be completed by February 2024. CONCLUSIONS This pilot trial will yield important information about the PLANTS intervention and provide necessary information to conduct a fully powered trial of the efficacy of PLANTS for reducing the deleterious health inequities experienced by sexual and gender minority youths. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05897827; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05897827. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/55210.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ws Coulter
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Isabella Kaur Mahal
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Clarisse A Lin
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Aaryn S Mathias
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Karuna Baral
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kaleab Z Abebe
- Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Cook SH, Wood EP, Rodrigues M, Jachero Caldas J, Delorme M. Assessment of a Daily Diary Study Including Biospecimen Collections in a Sample of Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adults: Feasibility and Acceptability Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e52195. [PMID: 38373036 PMCID: PMC10912985 DOI: 10.2196/52195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young sexual minority men (YSMM) engage in cardiometabolic risk behaviors (eg, substance use) at higher rates than their heterosexual counterparts. Theory and previous research suggest that these risk behaviors may stem, in part, from exposure to minority stress (ie, discrimination based on sexual identity and other identities such as race). OBJECTIVE This pilot study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a virtual 2-day daily diary study that examined daily experiences with discrimination, cardiometabolic risk behaviors (ie, sleep, physical activity, and substance use behaviors), and patterns of physiological stress and inflammation among YSMM aged 18 to 35 years. METHODS Participants (n=20) were recruited from the greater New York metropolitan area and engaged in a 2-day daily diary protocol wherein they provided web-based consent, took a web-based baseline survey, and then, starting the next day, provided 3 saliva samples a day for 2 consecutive days to measure salivary cortisol, engaged in 3 daily diaries per day, and provided 1 blood spot sample via the finger prick method to measure high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. At follow-up, participants were interviewed via videoconferencing to ascertain their experiences and feelings related to the study protocol. Qualitative analyses explored the feasibility and acceptability of the study protocol, and exploratory quantitative analyses explored the descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations among the main study variables of interest. RESULTS The retention rate was high (19/20, 95%) in our study sample. Qualitative analyses demonstrated that participants were willing to engage in similar, longer-term studies (eg, studies that include both week and weekend days) in the future and suggested the feasibility and acceptability of our study protocol among YSMM. However, participants noted several areas for improvement (eg, redundancy of survey items and difficulty pricking one's finger) that should be considered in future research. Preliminary quantitative analyses revealed a moderate negative correlation between everyday discrimination and mean cortisol levels (r=-0.51; P=.03). Furthermore, descriptive analyses suggest that that daily cortisol curves differ across races or ethnicities among YSMM. White and other-identified YSMM experienced the highest cortisol awakening response (mean 0.39, SD 0.21 µg/dL for White participants; mean 0.34, SD 0.34 µg/dL for others) with the steepest decline around bedtime (mean 0.05, SD 0.04 µg/dL for White participants; mean 0.09, SD 0.13 µg/dL for others) followed by a lower cortisol awakening response (mean 0.31, SD 0.11 µg/dL for Hispanic participants; mean 0.23, SD 0.15 µg/dL for Black participants) and a slower decline around bedtime (mean 0.10, SD 0.09 µg/dL for Hispanic participants; mean 0.03, SD 0.02 µg/dL for Black participants) among Hispanic and Black YSMM. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results suggest that similar study protocols are feasible and acceptable among YSMM. Future research should highlight the pathways through which cardiovascular disease risk may arise among YSMM using longer-term study designs and more diverse study samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H Cook
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erica P Wood
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mariana Rodrigues
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Janice Jachero Caldas
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maxline Delorme
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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Vock F, Johnson-Ferguson L, Bechtiger L, Stulz N, von Felten J, Eisner M, Hepp U, Ribeaud D, Shanahan L, Quednow BB. Substance use in sexual minority youth: prevalence in an urban cohort. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:109. [PMID: 37716977 PMCID: PMC10505308 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little comparative data on substance use (SU) between sexual minority youth (SMY) and heterosexual youth (HET) is available. This study compares the prevalence of SU in an urban cohort between SMY and HET and evaluates demographic and psychosocial predictors of SU. METHODS Data came from a prospective-longitudinal cohort study in an urban setting (N = 1297). SU and psychosocial variables such as internalizing symptoms, self-control, sensation-seeking, bullying-victimization, subjective stress, leisure activities, and peer influences were assessed with self-reports at age 17 and 20. SU was stratified by sex and sexual attraction, and the groups were compared using regression models, with demographic and psychosocial variables included as covariates. RESULTS SMY- and HET-youth displayed differences in a number of psychosocial variables. Overall, SMY- and HET-youth differed in their 12-months prevalence of SU: At age 17, SMY-females had significantly higher rates of SU than HET-females for cannabis (aOR = 2.14, p = 0.04), ecstasy/MDMA (aOR = 4.29, p = 0.01), and hallucinogens (aOR = 5.59, p = 0.02). At age 20, SMY-females had significantly higher rates of SU than HET-females for tobacco (aOR = 2.06, p = 0.03), cannabis (aOR = 2.24, p = 0.004), ecstasy/MDMA (aOR = 3.93, p < 0.001), stimulants (aOR = 3.45, p = 0.002), and hallucinogens (aOR = 6.65, p < 0.001). SMY-males reported significantly lower rates for tobacco and cannabis than HET-males at age 17. At age 20, they reported significantly higher rates for the use of ecstasy/MDMA (aOR = 2.30, p = 0.04) and hallucinogens (aOR = 2.43, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Given that psychosocial variables were significant covariates of SMY-status and SU, our results underline the importance of accounting for these when explaining differences in SU between adolescents. While differentiation by sex is established in most studies, such standardized comparisons are lacking with regards to sexual identities. But knowledge about SU of SMY is critical for designing effective interventions. This is especially true for SMY-females: Thus, SU in SMY-females early in life needs to be explored more thoroughly and addressed with adequate prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lydia Johnson-Ferguson
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, Clinical and Developmental Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Bechtiger
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, Clinical and Developmental Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus Stulz
- Integrated Psychiatric Services Psychiatry Winterthur - Zürcher Unterland, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Joh von Felten
- Milchjugend, LGBTQ+ Youth Organization, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Eisner
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Urs Hepp
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Denis Ribeaud
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lilly Shanahan
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, Clinical and Developmental Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Boris B Quednow
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Janssen T, Gamarel KE, Mereish EH, Colby SM, Haikalis M, Jackson KM. Associations Among Enacted Stigma, Perceived Chances for Success, Life Satisfaction, and Substance Use Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Youth. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:1121-1131. [PMID: 37216278 PMCID: PMC10388366 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2212282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sexual minority youth report high rates of substance use compared to heterosexual youth. Stigma can diminish perceptions of future success and life satisfaction and contribute to elevated substance use. This study examined whether experiences of enacted stigma (i.e., discrimination) and substance use among sexual minority and heterosexual youth were indirectly associated through perceived chances for success and life satisfaction. Method: In a sample of 487 adolescents who indicated their sexual identity (58% female, M age = 16.0, 20% sexual minority), we assessed substance use status and factors that might explain sexual minority disparities in substance use. Using structural equation modeling, we examined indirect associations between sexual minority status and substance use status through these factors. Results: Compared to heterosexual youth, sexual minority youth reported greater stigma, which was associated with both lower perceived chances for success and life satisfaction, which were in turn associated with greater likelihood of substance use. Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of attending to stigma, perceived chances for success, and general life satisfaction to understand and intervene to prevent substance use among sexual minority youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Janssen
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health
| | - Kristi E. Gamarel
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health
| | - Ethan H. Mereish
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health
- Department of Health Studies, American University
| | - Suzanne M. Colby
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health
| | - Michelle Haikalis
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health
| | - Kristina M. Jackson
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health
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Wheldon CW, Watson RJ, Cunningham C, Fish JN. State Marijuana Laws and Marijuana Use Among Sexual and Gender Minority Youth in the United States. LGBT Health 2023; 10:121-129. [PMID: 36251936 PMCID: PMC9986016 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2021.0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the association between state-level marijuana policies and marijuana use among sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted using a nonprobability sample, the 2017 LGBTQ National Teen Survey, based on 10,027 youth who reported their marijuana use behaviors and state of residence. Random intercept multilevel models were estimated to account for between- and within-state variability. Results: State marijuana possession laws were not associated with lifetime use; however, the odds of current marijuana use were 50% greater among youth living in states with legalized marijuana possession for recreational use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-1.86) compared with states that prohibit any possession. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer victimization was associated with greater odds of lifetime (aOR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.78-2.20) and current (aOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.74-2.27) marijuana use. Conclusions: State-level policies governing recreational marijuana possession are associated with current marijuana use among SGM youth. Public health approaches to control underage access to legal marijuana and mitigate substance use-related health disparities are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Wheldon
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan J Watson
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Casey Cunningham
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jessica N Fish
- Department of Family Science, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Quirino RC, Pessoa ASG, Furukawa LYDA, Bottrell D. Violence, Suffering and Subversion: Notes From a Qualitative Study About Schooling Trajectories of Brazilian Young Homosexuals. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2022; 69:2513-2531. [PMID: 34280078 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2021.1943279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this article was to analyze the schooling trajectories of young homosexuals, as well as to verify situations that caused psychological distress in formal education environments. Three men who self-identified as homosexual participated in the research. Semi-structured, reflexive and group interviews were used as data collection methods and data were analyzed through Thematic Analysis. The participants' accounts revealed four key themes. 1) It was evident that the participants experienced multiple forms of violence and discrimination and that they suffered psychological distress in educational environments. As a result, 2) participants tended to hide their sexual identities in the school environment, reinforcing psychological distress. A key explanatory theme in the young people's accounts was 3) institutional neglect that centered on omissions and silences in the school context, thus reinscribing their invisibility. However, despite the detrimental environment and psychological distress, homosexual young men also 4) find ways to subvert and destabilize heteronormativity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dorothy Bottrell
- Sydney School of Education and Social Work, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Curry CW, Beach LB, Wang X, Ruprecht MM, Felt D, Floresca YB, Phillips GL. At-School Victimization and Alcohol Use Among Minoritized U.S. Youth, 2009-2017. Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:772-782. [PMID: 35871118 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual minority and/or racial/ethnic minority youth may use alcohol at school as a form of minority stress-based coping. Polyvictimization is particularly prevalent among sexual minority and/or racial/ethnic minority youth and may be a useful proxy measure for minority stressors. METHODS Data from local administrations of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey were pooled across 42 jurisdiction years (biennially, 2009-2017) and analyzed in 2022, resulting in a sample of 118,052 U.S. youth. The prevalence of alcohol use at school was examined by sexual identity, race/ethnicity, and their intersections, stratified by sex. Multivariable logistic regression models were built to examine the disparities in alcohol use at school and the impact of school-based polyvictimization. RESULTS At the intersections of race/ethnicity and sexual identity, 25 of 30 sexual minority and/or racial/ethnic minority subpopulations had greater odds of alcohol use at school than their White heterosexual same-sex peers. Hispanic/Latinx not-sure males (AOR=9.15; 95% CI=5.97, 14.03) and Hispanic/Latinx lesbian females (AOR=11.24; 95% CI=6.40, 19.77) were most likely to report alcohol use at school. After adjusting for polyvictimization, the magnitude of association was attenuated for most sexual minority and/or racial/ethnic minority subpopulations; however, all but 2 significant associations remained. CONCLUSIONS Sexual minority and/or racial/ethnic minority youth were more likely than White heterosexual peers to use alcohol at school, with the greatest odds among multiply marginalized and polyvictimized youth. Interventions should consider addressing more than school-based victimization alone because disparities persisted, although at a lower magnitude, after accounting for polyvictimization. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to further explore the associations between multiply marginalized identities, school-based polyvictimization, and alcohol use at school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb W Curry
- Evaluation, Data Integration, and Technical Assistance (EDIT) Program, Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Lauren B Beach
- Evaluation, Data Integration, and Technical Assistance (EDIT) Program, Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xinzi Wang
- Evaluation, Data Integration, and Technical Assistance (EDIT) Program, Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Megan M Ruprecht
- Evaluation, Data Integration, and Technical Assistance (EDIT) Program, Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dylan Felt
- Evaluation, Data Integration, and Technical Assistance (EDIT) Program, Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ysabel Beatrice Floresca
- Evaluation, Data Integration, and Technical Assistance (EDIT) Program, Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gregory L Phillips
- Evaluation, Data Integration, and Technical Assistance (EDIT) Program, Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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Kiekens WJ, Baams L, Fish JN, Watson RJ. Associations of Relationship Experiences, Dating Violence, Sexual Harassment, and Assault With Alcohol Use Among Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP15176-NP15204. [PMID: 33719695 PMCID: PMC8917816 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211001469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents report higher rates of dating violence victimization compared with their heterosexual and cisgender peers. Research on dating violence often neglects diversity in sexual and gender identities and is limited to experiences in relationships. Further, given that dating violence and alcohol use are comorbid, research on experiences of dating violence could provide insights into alcohol use disparities among SGM adolescents. We aimed to map patterns of relationship experiences, sexual and physical dating violence, and sexual and physical assault and explored differences in these experiences among SGM adolescents. Further, we examined how these patterns explained alcohol use. We used a U.S. non-probability national web-based survey administered to 13-17-year-old SGM adolescents (N = 12,534). Using latent class analyses, four patterns were identified: low relationship experience, dating violence and harassment and assault (72.0%), intermediate dating experiences, sexual harassment, and assault and low levels of dating violence (13.1%), high dating experiences, dating violence, and sexual assault (8.6%), and high dating experiences, dating violence, and sexual harassment and assault (6.3%). Compared to lesbian and gay adolescents, bisexual adolescents reported more experiences with dating, dating violence, and sexual assault, whereas heterosexual adolescents reported fewer experiences with dating, dating violence, and sexual harassment and assault. Compared to cisgender boys, cisgender girls, transgender boys, and non-binary/assigned male at birth adolescents were more likely to experience dating violence inside and outside of relationship contexts. Experiences of dating, dating violence, and sexual harassment and assault were associated with both drinking frequency and heavy episodic drinking. Together, the findings emphasize the relevance of relationship experiences when studying dating violence and how dating violence and sexual harassment and assault might explain disparities in alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Baams
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J N Fish
- University of Maryland, College Park, USA
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Streed CG, Turner B, Beach LB, Marro R, Felt D, Wang X, Phillips G. Safety and Predictors of Sexual Minority Youth Carrying Weapons. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP8724-NP8746. [PMID: 33289455 PMCID: PMC8184859 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520978183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Prior research has revealed sexual minority youth are more likely to carry weapons both outside of and within school. However, to date, no study has examined the degree to which bullying and harassment is associated with weapon carrying among sexual minority youth. We utilized the Youth Risk Behavior Survey to examine the prevalence and likelihood of carrying weapons by sexual identity, adjusting for adverse experiences. From the Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2009-2015, we examined self-report of adverse experiences (e.g., being bullied, skipping school due to fear for personal safety) and performed Logistic regressions to estimate the odds of carrying a weapon and were adjusted to include demographics and adverse experiences. When surveyed by sexual identity, 14.0% of heterosexual, 21.8% of gay/lesbian, 18.5% of bisexual, and 17.4% of "not sure" students reported carrying a weapon in the past 30 days. Odds of carrying a weapon were significantly increased for youth who skipped school due to feeling unsafe at school, had ever been threatened with a weapon in the past year, and had ever been in a physical fight. Compared to heterosexual female peers, sexual minority women had increased odds of carrying a weapon. Pediatricians should recognize that experiencing bullying and feeling unsafe are associated with weapon carrying, particularly among sexual minorities. Pediatricians and professionals who work with youth should recognize that reported experiences of bullying may not be the most salient indicator of risk for weapon carrying among all youth, and that other fears of or experiences with bullying are crucial to screen for among sexual minorities in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl G. Streed
- Boston Medical Center, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
- Center for Transgender Medicine and Surgery, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dylan Felt
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Wang AY, Feinstein BA. The perks of being bi+: Positive sexual orientation-related experiences among bisexual, pansexual, and queer male youth. PSYCHOLOGY OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER DIVERSITY 2022; 9:58-70. [PMID: 35755165 PMCID: PMC9231256 DOI: 10.1037/sgd0000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previous research on sexual minority health has largely focused on negative experiences related to one's sexual orientation with limited attention to the ways in which being a sexual minority can contribute to positive experiences. This is especially true of bisexual, pansexual, and queer (bi+) male youth, whose experiences have not been represented in the literature. To address these gaps, the goal of the current study was to characterize positive experiences related to one's sexual orientation in a sample of 46 bi+ male youth (ages 14-17) who were interviewed as part of a larger study. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analyzed. Almost all of the participants described at least one positive experience related to their bi+ identity. The positive experiences fell into six categories: (1) experiences with LGBTQ+ people in general; (2) experiences with other bi+ people; (3) experiences in LGBTQ+ environments; (4) experiences disclosing bi+ identities; (5) romantic and sexual experiences; and (6) experiences with allies. Participants described eight reasons for these experiences being positive: (1) feeling a sense of belonging in a community; (2) the normalization, acceptance, and visibility of one's identity or community; (3) providing or receiving support; (4) discussing shared experiences; (5) the promotion of authenticity; (6) celebrating one's identity or community; (7) experiencing personal growth; and (8) not feeling limited by gender when it came to romantic and sexual experiences. In sum, bi+ male youth report a range of positive experiences related to their sexual orientation, which may have important implications for promoting resilience and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian A. Feinstein
- Depatment of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science
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12
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Opara I, Rivera Rodas EI, Garcia-Reid P, Reid RJ. Ethnic Identity, Empowerment, Social Support and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Black Adolescent Girls: Examining Drug Use as a Mediator. CHILD & ADOLESCENT SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL : C & A 2022; 39:71-86. [PMID: 35462639 PMCID: PMC9031836 DOI: 10.1007/s10560-020-00706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Substance abuse and sexual health research tends to overlook the resiliency skills that Black adolescent girls possess. Using a strengths-based lens, this study examines the role of protective factors: (e.g. ethnic identity, social support, and psychological empowerment) on sexual risk behaviors testing drug use as a mediator among a sample of Black adolescent girls. The study uses a sample (N = 340) female adolescents (13-17 years old) who identified as being Black only and reside in a northeastern urban community in New Jersey. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypothesized model of the mediating role of drug use on sexual risk behaviors among this sample. Findings revealed that drug use significantly mediated the relationship between social support, ethnic identity, and psychological empowerment on sexual risk behaviors, with high ethnic identity scores having the strongest relationship on low sexual risk behaviors and low levels of drug use. Given the rise of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States among Black adolescent girls, findings from this study can contribute to development of culturally appropriate and innovative strategies to reduce risky behaviors by promoting social and cultural strengths among Black girls living in urban communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijeoma Opara
- School of Social Welfare, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | | | - Pauline Garcia-Reid
- Department of Family Science and Human Development, Montclair State University, Montclair, USA
| | - Robert J. Reid
- Department of Family Science and Human Development, Montclair State University, Montclair, USA
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13
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Shroff A, Fassler J, Fox KR, Schleider JL. The impact of COVID-19 on U.S. adolescents: loss of basic needs and engagement in health risk behaviors. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35095242 PMCID: PMC8783170 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Across the United States, the COVID-19 pandemic created myriad challenges for youth and families, including losses of basic needs which may be associated with increased use of maladaptive coping behaviors. In a sample of 2491 U.S. youth (ages 13-16), demographic differences in loss of basic needs and maladaptive coping were assessed using regression models. More than 21% of adolescents endorsed losing one or more basic needs (e.g., loss of access to food or shelter) and 83% endorsed use of maladaptive coping strategies (e.g., using drugs or alcohol; self-harming behaviors) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although adolescents with both majority and minority identities reported losing basic needs and engaging in maladaptive coping behaviors, minoritized youth reported more basic needs losses (ps < 0.05) and greater reliance on maladaptive coping strategies (ps < .05) than their non-minoritized peers. Furthermore, adolescents who endorsed losing basic needs were more likely to also endorse engaging in maladaptive coping behaviors (p < .05). Healthcare providers and teachers must consider basic need losses while structuring emotional and behavioral supports for youth during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Shroff
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Julia Fassler
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Kathryn R. Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO USA
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14
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Cordoba E, Garofalo R, Kuhns LM, Pearson C, Bruce J, Batey DS, Radix A, Belkind U, Hidalgo MA, Hirshfield S, Garibay Rodriguez R, Schnall R. Risk-taking behaviors in adolescent men who have sex with men (MSM): An association between homophobic victimization and alcohol consumption. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260083. [PMID: 34855787 PMCID: PMC8638971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether homophobic victimization was associated with alcohol consumption and riding with an intoxicated driver or driving a car while under the influence of alcohol or drugs among adolescent men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods Cross-sectional analysis used baseline data from a national HIV prevention trial (NCT03167606) for adolescent MSM aged 13–18 years (N = 747). Multivariable logistic regression models assessed associations between homophobic victimization (independent variable) and alcohol-related outcomes (dependent variables), controlling for age, parents’ education level, sexual orientation, health literacy, race, and ethnicity. Results Most participants (87%) reported at least one form of homophobic victimization in their lifetime, with verbal insults being the most frequently reported (82%). In the bivariate analysis, alcohol consumption and riding with an intoxicated driver or driving a car while under the influence were associated with many forms of victimization. Exposure to at least one form of victimization was associated with increased odds of alcohol consumption (OR: 2.31; 95% CI: 1.38–3.87) and riding with an intoxicated driver or driving a car while under the influence (OR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.26–4.00), after controlling for covariates. Conclusion Increased risk of alcohol consumption and risky alcohol-related behaviors were found among adolescent MSM who experienced homophobic victimization. Interventions should address homophobic victimization and its impact on adolescent MSM, as well as disentangling motivations for underage drinking, riding with an intoxicated driver or driving a car while under the influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evette Cordoba
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert Garofalo
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Kuhns
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Pearson
- Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Josh Bruce
- Birmingham AIDS Outreach, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - D. Scott Batey
- Department of Social Work, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Asa Radix
- Callen-Lorde Community Health Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Uri Belkind
- Callen-Lorde Community Health Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Marco A. Hidalgo
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Sabina Hirshfield
- Department of Medicine, STAR Program, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Rebecca Schnall
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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15
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Stogner J, Sarvey L, Lowe CC, Hupli A, Miller BL. Sexual Orientation and Synthetic Cannabinoid Use: Examining the Role of Bullying Victimization. J Psychoactive Drugs 2021; 54:368-377. [PMID: 34608853 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2021.1972186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bullying is a common experience among youths with many adverse consequences. Research indicates that those who identify as lesbian, gay, and bisexual experience bullying at greater levels than heterosexuals. Studies also indicate that sexual minorities are more likely to use alcohol and other drugs, including synthetic cannabinoids (SCs). This paper examines whether the relationship between sexual minority status and SC use is mediated by differential exposure to bullying victimization. Data from the 2015 and 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Study were used. Participants include 30,389 adolescents. Supplemental analyses were conducted with state and district data as those collection efforts incorporated additional bullying measures. Ianobucci's zmediation was used to assess the relationships between sexual orientation, bullying victimization, and SC use. Results confirm the higher prevalence of bullying and SC use among LGBQ students. Multiple forms of bullying victimization (e.g., in-person, online, because of weight/appearance) mediate the relationship between sexual orientation and SC use. The greater prevalence of SC use within the LGBQ population is partially attributed to coping as a result bullying victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Stogner
- Criminal Justice and Criminology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Logan Sarvey
- Criminal Justice and Criminology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - C Cory Lowe
- Criminal Justice and Criminology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aleksi Hupli
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Bryan Lee Miller
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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16
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Scheer JR, Antebi-Gruszka N, Sullivan T. Physical and Sexual Victimization Class Membership and Alcohol Misuse and Consequences among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Female Youth. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2021; 11:434-444. [PMID: 35308039 PMCID: PMC8932677 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence demonstrates sexual orientation disparities in physical and sexual victimization and alcohol misuse and consequences among female youth; however, most extant research has used variable-centered approaches. The current study used latent class analysis (LCA), a person-centered approach, to: (1) model female youths' physical and sexual victimization; (2) examine sexual orientation disparities in physical and sexual victimization latent class membership; (3) and use physical and sexual victimization latent class membership to predict female youths' engagement in alcohol misuse and related consequences. METHOD Participants were 7,185 youth assigned female sex at birth (77.0% heterosexual, 12.8% bisexual, 2.3% gay or lesbian; 46.8% racial minority) in grades 9 - 12 who completed the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey - a school-based, cross-sectional survey. RESULTS LCA uncovered four classes: (1) "Poly-Victimization Class," (2) "No Victimization Class," (3) "Past-Year Sexual Victimization Class," and (4) "Lifetime Rape Class." Sexual orientation emerged as a significant predictor of class membership. Latent classes 3 and 4 were uniquely associated with alcohol misuse and consequences (i.e., binge drinking, riding with a drinking driver, and drinking and driving) among female youth. CONCLUSIONS Our findings help to elucidate the patterns of physical and sexual victimization regarding timeline, tactic used, and context among female youth; sexual orientation disparities in latent class membership; and alcohol misuse correlates of class membership. Prevention efforts aimed at reducing physical and sexual victimization may ultimately reduce female youths' risk of binge drinking, riding with drinking drivers, and drinking and driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian R Scheer
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 414 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | | | - Tami Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine
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17
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Sterrett-Hong EM, Birkett M, Kuhns L, Zhang D, Mustanski B. The Impact of Closeness to Non-Parental Adults in Social Networks on Substance Use among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2021; 68:1727-1744. [PMID: 31902312 PMCID: PMC7334073 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2019.1705670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Non-parental adults (NPAs), or adults in social networks other than parents and romantic/sexual partnersare an under-examined potential resource in the lives of young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Using survey and social network data from a sample (n = 169) of ethnically diverse YMSM in a Midwestern city, this article examines longitudinal associations between emotional closeness to NPAs and subsequent substance use among YMSM. After controlling for race/ethnicity, closer relationships with NPAs were associated with a lower likelihood of binge-drinking and marijuana use six months later. In an exploratory set of analyses, the level of connectedness between NPAs and other members of social networks was not associated with substance use. Future studies should continue to examine the protective role of NPAs for both substance use and other health behaviors among YMSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. Sterrett-Hong
- Couple and Family Therapy Program, Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michelle Birkett
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa Kuhns
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Donghang Zhang
- Couple and Family Therapy Program, Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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18
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Serafino S, Rajoria M, Gold MA, Garbers S. Evaluation of sexual orientation and gender identity documentation at school-based health centers in New York City. J Eval Clin Pract 2021; 27:1004-1008. [PMID: 33295105 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE National organizations have called for routine collection of data on sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) in clinical settings to track access to and quality of care provided to sexual and gender minority patients to improve health outcomes. However, there are limited data on this implementation for among adolescent populations. METHODS A secondary data analysis from seven school-based health centers (SBHCs) in New York City explored SOGI documentation for 8888 adolescent patients in 2015 to 2018. Using Electronic Health Records, SBHC medical providers' implementation rate of patient SOGI documentation was assessed. Trends in SOGI documentation were reviewed. RESULTS At 18-month post-EHR modification and training, SOGI documentation increased and was sustained at 47%. Those documented as female were significantly more likely to have SOGI documentation compared to those documented as male (36% vs 26% for SO; 36% vs 25% for GI). CONCLUSIONS This study identified incomplete data collection in SOGI documentation among adolescents receiving medical and mental health services in SBHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Serafino
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies; Division of Gender, Sexuality, and Health, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Office of Population Health, HIV Services, NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melinda Rajoria
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA.,College of Health and Human Performance, Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Melanie A Gold
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samantha Garbers
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
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19
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Ancheta AJ, Caceres BA, Jackman KB, Kreuze E, Hughes TL. Sexual Identity Differences in Health Behaviors and Weight Status among Urban High School Students. Behav Med 2021; 47:259-271. [PMID: 34719340 PMCID: PMC8560978 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2020.1763903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although racial/ethnic disparities in childhood obesity are well documented in the United States (U.S.), fewer studies have investigated elevated body mass index (BMI) and related health behaviors among sexual minority youth (SMY; gay/lesbian, bisexual, not sure). We examined pooled data from the 2009-2017 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, which included high school students from 12 urban U.S. school districts. We used sex-stratified logistic regression models to estimate the association of sexual identity with health behaviors and elevated BMI (reference = heterosexual participants). A total of 133,615 participants were included. Sexual minority boys were more likely to report physical inactivity than heterosexual boys. Gay and not sure boys were also less likely to consume the recommended daily intake of fruit. Bisexual girls were more likely than heterosexual girls to report watching television ≥ 3 hours on a school day and to consume sugar-sweetened beverages (AOR 1.30, 95% CI= 1.18-1.43). All SMY reported higher rates of current tobacco use than their heterosexual peers. Sexual minority girls and bisexual boys had significantly higher rates of obesity than their heterosexual counterparts. These findings can inform tailored health promotion initiatives to reduce obesity risk in SMY.
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Affiliation(s)
- April J Ancheta
- Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York, USA
| | - Billy A Caceres
- Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kasey B Jackman
- Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Tonda L Hughes
- Henrik H. Bendixen Professor of International Nursing (in Psychiatry), Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York, USA
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20
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Watson RJ, Fish JN, Denary W, Caba A, Cunningham C, Eaton LA. LGBTQ state policies: A lever for reducing SGM youth substance use and bullying. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 221:108659. [PMID: 33676075 PMCID: PMC8026721 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) are more likely than their cisgender and heterosexual peers to use substances and to be bullied, yet it is unknown whether the absence/presence of youth- and LGBTQ-specific equity laws drive these disparities. The purpose of this study was to extend previous research focused on adult- and LGBTQ-specific structural factors (e.g., same-sex marriage laws) to determine whether the youths' structural environment (i.e., state-level LGBTQ youth-focused equity laws) was associated with bullying and recent alcohol use, binge drinking, and cigarette use among SGMY. PROCEDURES We utilized data from the LGBTQ National Teen Survey, collected in 2017 (N = 8,841 sexual and gender minority youth). Linear regression analyses examined the association between bullying and substance use and between state-level LGBTQ youth-focused equity laws (individually and as a composite variable) and bullying and substance use. FINDINGS SGMY living in states with LGBTQ equity laws were less likely to experience bullying. Findings regarding the relation between LGBTQ equity laws and substance use were mixed, such that LGBTQ equity laws were associated with a higher likelihood of binge drinking and alcohol use, and a lower likelihood of cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the role of state-level equity laws in reducing bullying and substance use disparities for SGMY. Yet, given the finding that equity laws were associated with a higher likelihood of binge drinking, it is important to continue to explore how the structural environment shapes SGMY health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Watson
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.
| | - Jessica N Fish
- Department of Family Science, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Whitney Denary
- School of Public Health, Yale University, CT, United States
| | - Antonia Caba
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Casey Cunningham
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Lisa A Eaton
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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21
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Felt D, Wang X, Ruprecht MM, Turner B, Beach LB, Philbin MM, Birkett M, Phillips Ii G. Differential Decline in Illicit Drug Use by Sexual Identity Among United States High School Students, 2005-2017. LGBT Health 2020; 7:420-430. [PMID: 33155884 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2020.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Adolescent drug use remains a significant public health concern. Sexual minority youth (SMY) are at elevated risk for illicit drug use compared with their heterosexual peers. We investigated this pattern at the national level, exploring whether trends and disparities in drug use vary over time and by sexual identity. Methods: This study used Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data, which were collected at seven time points from 2005 to 2017. Trends and disparities over time in the use of five drugs, as well as any drug use, were analyzed by self-reported sexual identity. Results: The results demonstrated a general decrease in drug use behaviors from 2005 to 2017. The greatest number of significant decreases was among heterosexual and bisexual students; the fewest were among gay and lesbian students. Disparities between heterosexual youth and SMY persisted across years, and were greater for gay and lesbian students in 2017 than for bisexual and not-sure youth. Conclusions: Our results represent the most comprehensive analysis of recent trends in drug use by sexual identity to date. Disparities in drug use remained significant despite overall downward trends within our sample. The significant decreases among bisexual students are not readily explained. We emphasize the need for ongoing research in this area, particularly given the currently volatile social position of sexual minority populations in the United States, and for culturally responsive and trauma-informed responses to SMY drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Felt
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xinzi Wang
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Megan M Ruprecht
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Blair Turner
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lauren B Beach
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Morgan Mari Philbin
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michelle Birkett
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gregory Phillips Ii
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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22
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Alcohol Use and Suicidality by Sexual Orientation Among U.S. Youth, 2009-2017. Am J Prev Med 2020; 59:394-403. [PMID: 32446749 PMCID: PMC7483808 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol use and suicidality remain serious risks for U.S. youth. Research has established that disparities exist in these outcomes between heterosexual and sexual minority youth. However, research into the associations between alcohol use and suicidality has yet to consider the differential role of sexual orientation. METHODS Using a pooled, diverse sample from the 2009-2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, associations of alcohol use and suicidality by sex and sexual orientation, and changes in these outcomes over time, were investigated. Analyses were conducted in 2019. RESULTS Suicidality was highest among nonheterosexuals, who ranged from twofold to sevenfold higher odds to report suicidality across all time points, with the most striking disparities among male sexual minority youth. Rates among all students remained stable or increased over time; notable exceptions included a decrease in suicide attempts among bisexual students. Among all students, current alcohol use was associated with elevated levels of suicidality. For female students, the association between drinking and suicidality did not significantly differ by sexual identity; for male students, it was significant regardless of sexual identity and most pronounced among not sure youth. CONCLUSIONS These results emphasize the need for additional research into the relationship between contemporaneous alcohol use and suicidality, with attention to differences based on sex, sexual orientation, and other factors that may impact these relationships. There is a particular need for research to examine the temporal nature of the association such that evidence-informed, high-impact interventions can be developed to improve suicidality outcomes among sexual minority youth.
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23
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Trujillo O, Cantu JI, Charak R. Unique and Cumulative Effects of Intimate Partner Cybervictimization Types on Alcohol Use in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Emerging Adults. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2020; 23:743-751. [PMID: 32799548 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2019.0773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of modern technology has inadvertently created newer platforms for intimate partner victimization to take place. The present study investigated (1) whether psychological, sexual, and stalking cyber intimate partner victimization (cyber IPV) types were uniquely associated with alcohol use, and (2) whether there was additive effect of cyber IPV types on alcohol use, after controlling for histories of childhood maltreatment types and face-to-face intimate partner victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) emerging adults. Participants were 277 self-identifying LGB individuals in the age range of 18-29 years (M = 25.39, SD = 2.77; 16.6% lesbian, 25.6% gay, 43% bisexual women). Participants completed an online questionnaire assessing cyber IPV types, namely, psychological, sexual, and stalking, five forms of childhood maltreatment, face-to-face IPV types (i.e., physical, psychological, and sexual), and alcohol use. Findings indicated that 29.2% (n = 81) endorsed all three types of cyber IPV. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that only sexual cyber IPV was uniquely associated with alcohol use. In support of the cumulative risk hypothesis, those with exposure to three types of cyber IPV were more likely to have greater alcohol use compared to those with exposure to any one type of cyber IPV. Findings indicate that cyber IPV can lead to behavioral health challenges, such as an increase in alcohol use among LGB emerging adults. Findings call for interventions focusing on generating awareness regarding the ill effects of cyber IPV and for mental health professionals to develop treatment programs to aid in the well-being of the victim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Trujillo
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Jorge I Cantu
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Ruby Charak
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
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Phillips II G, Felt D, McCuskey DJ, Marro R, Broschart J, Newcomb ME, Whitton SW. Engagement with LGBTQ community moderates the association between victimization and substance use among a cohort of sexual and gender minority individuals assigned female at birth. Addict Behav 2020; 107:106414. [PMID: 32247953 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has documented higher levels of substance use among sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals - particularly sexual minority women (SMW) and transgender people - than among their heterosexual and cisgender peers. Because SGM substance use is linked to stigma-based victimization, it is crucial to identify social contexts that may buffer the association between victimization and substance use among SGM. METHODS We explored how engagement with LGBTQ-specific community influences victimization experiences and substance use among 488 SGM individuals assigned female at birth (FAB-SGM; ages 16-32; 26% White) in a large Midwestern city. We tested whether participants who used LGBTQ community spaces differed from those who do not in levels of victimization and substance use, and whether use of LGBTQ spaces buffered SGM from the negative effects of victimization on substance use. RESULTS Results demonstrated significant associations between victimization and alcohol and use of specific drugs. Contrary to expectations, participants who used LGBTQ spaces reported more victimization and more use of certain substances; however, when controlling for being out about non-heterosexual identity, this association remained only for LGBTQ community centers and school groups. Evidence was mixed for community engagement as a moderator of the association between victimization and substance use. CONCLUSIONS Overall, results indicated that LGBTQ spaces may be associated with adaptive and maladaptive coping functions and should be considered a potential target for health interventions. Findings emphasize the need for increased research on FAB-SGM, including SMW and transgender individuals, and provide actionable recommendations to reduce incidence of victimization and substance use.
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Lin W, Leider J, Shang C, Hennessy E, Perna FM, Chriqui JF. The Association Between State Physical Education Laws and Student Physical Activity. Am J Prev Med 2020; 58:436-445. [PMID: 31870591 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined the association between state physical education time requirements and physical activity and physical education outcomes among high school students. METHODS State physical education time requirement laws for 2004-2016 from the Classification of Laws Associated with School Students database were linked with 2005-2017 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey data using state and year identifiers. Analyses were conducted between 2018 and 2019 to assess associations between physical education time requirement laws and physical activity or physical education outcomes using multinomial logistic regressions, while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, year-fixed effects, and state confounders. RESULTS State laws requiring ≥90 minutes of physical education per week were associated with 3.1 percentage points lower probability of no days of physical activity ≥60 minutes (95% CI= -5.0, -1.1), 3.7 percentage points lower probability of no days of moderate exercise ≥30 minutes (95% CI= -6.2, -1.3), 4.2 percentage points lower probability of no days of vigorous exercise ≥20 minutes (95% CI= -5.2, -3.3), and 19.3 percentage points lower probability of not attending physical education class (95% CI= -34.4, -4.2). The laws were associated with a 2.4 percentage point higher probability of daily moderate exercise ≥30 minutes in male students (95% CI=0.6, 4.2) and a 3.4 percentage point higher probability in female students (95% CI=1.9, 4.9), with larger associations for female students (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study help support the role that physical education state requirements can play in enhancing adolescents' ability to meet recommended amounts of daily physical activity and the related public health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Lin
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Julien Leider
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ce Shang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Erin Hennessy
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank M Perna
- Health Behaviors Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jamie F Chriqui
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Division of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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Poteat VP, Birkett M, Turner B, Wang X, Phillips G. Changes in Victimization Risk and Disparities for Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Youth: Trends From 2009 to 2017. J Adolesc Health 2020; 66:202-209. [PMID: 31607546 PMCID: PMC6980438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to identify sex-stratified trends in victimization risk specific to heterosexual, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning youth while considering changes in sexual orientation-disparities from 2009 to 2017. METHODS Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data collected biennially (five waves; 2009-2017) were pooled across 56 jurisdictions and 454,715 students for one of the most nationally representative samples of heterosexual and sexual minority youth to date. We analyzed a seven-item victimization risk assessment using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's recommended trend analysis approach. We used logistic regression with year-by-identity interactions to test whether sexual orientation-based disparities widened, narrowed, or were maintained over time. RESULTS Victimization risk declined significantly for male and female bisexual and questioning youth, lesbian, gay, and heterosexual youth. Disparities narrowed between bisexual, questioning, and lesbian females and heterosexual females and between bisexual and heterosexual males. Nevertheless, sexual orientation-based disparities remained significant for all sexual minority youth in 2017. CONCLUSIONS Distinct patterns of change in victimization risk for specific groups of sexual minority youth underscore the need to consider variability within sexual minority youth communities; treating them as a singular group could mask nuanced disparities. Some of the relatively small decreases in victimization risk also suggest the need for interventions to address a more comprehensive set of victimization-related risks beyond bullying and needed efforts that are not limited to the immediate school context.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Paul Poteat
- Boston College, Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Campion Hall 307, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Michelle Birkett
- Northwestern University, Department of Medical Social Sciences & Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Blair Turner
- Northwestern University, Department of Medical Social Sciences & Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xinzi Wang
- University of Chicago, Division of the Social Sciences, 5730 S. Woodlawn Ave. Chicago, IL, 60637
| | - Gregory Phillips
- Northwestern University, Department of Medical Social Sciences & Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Victimization as a mediator in the relationship between sexual orientation and adolescent alcohol use. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2020; 34:27-34. [PMID: 32035586 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify differences in Korean adolescents' alcohol use behaviors according to their sexual orientation and the mediating effect of victimization in this relationship using nationally representative data. Data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Surveys were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. There were significant associations between sexual orientation and alcohol use behaviors. Heterosexual adolescents were significantly more likely to have drinking experience in lifetime than their homosexual and bisexual peers in adjusted analyses. Victimization significantly mediated the relationship between sexual orientation and alcohol use behaviors. Our findings suggest that reducing the prevalence of alcohol use by sexual orientation should involve interventions to prevent victimization in schools.
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Krueger EA, Fish JN, Upchurch DM. Sexual Orientation Disparities in Substance Use: Investigating Social Stress Mechanisms in a National Sample. Am J Prev Med 2020; 58:59-68. [PMID: 31761516 PMCID: PMC6925636 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual minorities are disproportionately more likely than heterosexuals to suffer from substance use disorders, but relatively little is known about differences in substance use disorders across diverse sexual minority subgroups. There is also limited understanding of how different social stressors account for sexual orientation disparities in substance use disorders. METHODS Using nationally representative data collected in 2012-2013 (n=34,597), differences in past-year DSM-5 alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use disorders were assessed across 4 sexual orientation groups (heterosexuals and 3 sexual minority subgroups, lesbian/gay-, bisexual-, and heterosexual-identified sexual minorities). This study assessed whether stressful life events mediated substance use disorder disparities between heterosexuals and each sexual minority subgroup, and whether stressful life events and lesbian, gay, and bisexual discrimination events mediated these substance use disorder differences. Analyses were conducted in 2019. RESULTS For both men and women, substance use disorders and stress experiences varied by sexual identity. For example, compared with heterosexual men, larger proportions of gay and bisexual men had a past-year alcohol use disorder. Among women, all sexual minority subgroups had higher rates of each substance use disorder than heterosexuals. For each substance use disorder, stressful life events mediated disparities between heterosexuals and sexual minority subgroups, except for heterosexual-identified sexual minority men. Both stressful life events and lesbian, gay, and bisexual discrimination mediated substance use disorder differences between sexual minority subgroups, with stronger indirect effects through lesbian, gay, and bisexual discrimination for lesbians/gay men and stronger indirect effects through stressful life events for bisexual adults, generally. CONCLUSIONS Sexual minority subgroups have a greater prevalence of substance use disorders, mediated through both stressful life events and lesbian, gay, and bisexual discrimination. More research is needed to comprehensively assess the processes underlying sexual orientation substance use disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Krueger
- Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Jessica N Fish
- Department of Family Science, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland
| | - Dawn M Upchurch
- Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
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Doxbeck CR. Up in Smoke: Exploring the Relationship between Bullying Victimization and E-Cigarette Use in Sexual Minority Youths. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:2221-2229. [PMID: 32720554 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1797809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
E-cigarette use is increasing in popularity for high school students (Singh et al., 2016) and may be accompanied by negative health outcomes (Rankin et al., 2019). Students who identify as sexual minority (lesbian, gay, bisexual, or queer/questioning) may be at an increased risk of bullying victimization and substance use due to their sexual identity (Caputi, 2018). Purpose/Objectives: This study explored the relationship between bullying in school and cyberbullying (i.e. bullying through social media) victimization with past 30-day e-cigarette use for sexual minority youths, an at-risk group for victimization and its negative consequences. Methods: The Youth Risk Behavioral Survey was utilized to study a sample of sexual minority high school students (N = 2302; 69.4% female). Three models were utilized to examine whether bullying in school or cyberbullying victimization were related to e-cigarette use after controlling only for demographics in the demographics model, and then the use of other substances in the substance use model. Cigarette use was combined with e-cigarettes as the dependent variable in the third comparative model. Results: After controlling for age, race, sex, sexual identity, and other substance use, bullying victimization in school and online were significantly related to current e-cigarette use together but not separately. Cyberbullying victimization was significantly related to combined cigarette and e-cigarette use. Conclusions/Importance: These findings suggest that sexual minority students who report cyberbullying victimization may use cigarette products more than their noncyberbullied peers. Cyberbullying prevention and interventions should continue to be targeted in schools, especially for sexual minority youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Doxbeck
- University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Mereish EH. Substance use and misuse among sexual and gender minority youth. Curr Opin Psychol 2019; 30:123-127. [PMID: 31202102 PMCID: PMC6859198 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority youth are at greater risk for substance use and misuse compared to their heterosexual and cisgender peers. This select review of the literature found that recent studies continue to document disparities in substance use. These disparities are partially explained by general and unique stressors as well as social, interpersonal, and cultural factors experienced by sexual and gender minority youth. There are many gaps in the literature, including limited research on protective factors or interventions to prevent or decrease substance use. Despite emerging empirical literature over the past two years, more research is needed to address sexual and gender minority youth's greater risk for substance use. Innovative methodologies and interdisciplinary efforts are needed to help advance our understanding of disparities in substance use in order to reduce and eliminate them and create more affirming experiences for sexual and gender minority youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan H Mereish
- Department of Health Studies, American University, Washington, DC, United States of America.
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Phillips G, Turner B, Felt D, Han Y, Marro R, Beach LB. Trends in Alcohol Use Behaviors by Sexual Identity and Behavior Among High School Students, 2007-2017. J Adolesc Health 2019; 65:760-768. [PMID: 31519427 PMCID: PMC6874756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Certain groups, particularly sexual minority youth, demonstrate notable disparities in alcohol use risk. Assessing trends in alcohol use behaviors by sexual orientation over time is therefore important to the epidemiologic study of adolescent health equity. METHODS We analyzed age at first drink, lifetime drinking behavior, current drinking, and binge drinking in a large, national sample of high school youth across six time points, beginning in 2007 and biennially through 2017. We assessed trends by sex, sexual identity, and sexual behavior, controlling for race/ethnicity and age. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that, although overall alcohol use is decreasing among youth, disparities between heterosexual and sexual minority youth remain significant. The largest decreases were seen in current alcohol use among lesbian youth, which fell from a prevalence of 56.1% in 2007 to 38.9% in 2017, and among bisexual females (64.3% in 2007 to 41.1% in 2017). Despite this, alcohol use behaviors were still elevated among lesbian and bisexual female youth compared with heterosexual sex-matched counterparts. Heterosexual-identified male students saw significant decreases in alcohol use, whereas most alcohol use behaviors among sexual minority males decreased but not to a statistically significant degree, with the exception of binge drinking among those who identified as gay (2007: 36.0% to 2017: 12.6%) and bisexual (2007: 24.7% to 2017: 11.6%). Results by sexual behavior are presented within. CONCLUSIONS Sexual minority youth continued to demonstrate markedly high prevalence of alcohol use behaviors compared with heterosexual peers across all time points. Downward trends in alcohol use may thus mask serious population health risks if not adequately explored. Research and health promotion efforts must consider sexual minority orientation to avoid incomplete or inaccurate representation of findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Phillips
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Blair Turner
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Dylan Felt
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Rachel Marro
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Lauren B. Beach
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Feinstein BA, McConnell E, Dyar C, Mustanski B, Newcomb ME. The influence of stress on depression and substance use problems among young male same-sex couples: Relationship functioning as an underlying mechanism. Clin Psychol Sci 2019; 7:928-940. [PMID: 31579559 DOI: 10.1177/2167702619842561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stress experienced by either partner in a couple can have a negative impact on each partner's health, but most dyadic research on stress and health focuses on different-sex couples. We examined relationship functioning as a mechanism underlying the longitudinal actor and partner effects of stress on depression and substance use problems among 109 young male same-sex couples. There were significant indirect actor effects of internalized stigma and microaggressions on depression and alcohol use problems through negative relationship interactions. Participants who reported higher levels of internalized stigma and microaggressions reported more negative relationship interactions, which in turn was associated with reporting greater depression and alcohol use problems. In contrast, none of the indirect partner effects were significant. Findings implicate negative relationship interactions as a mechanism linking minority stress to health, but raise questions about the influence of partner stress on individual health among young male same-sex couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Feinstein
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University
| | | | - Christina Dyar
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Michael E Newcomb
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
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Boonchooduang N, Louthrenoo O, Likhitweerawong N, Charnsil C, Narkpongphun A. Emotional and behavioral problems among sexual minority youth in Thailand. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 45:83-87. [PMID: 31539658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual minority youth (SMY) had more risk behaviors and mental health problems than heterosexual youth. Relatively little research has differentiated among lesbian/gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ) youth. OBJECTIVE To examine the differences in emotional and behavioral problems between LGBQ youth in the city of Northern Thailand. METHODS Data were from a school-based, cross-sectional study of grade 7-12 students in secondary and vocational schools. Five hundred and forty-three students who identified themselves as LGBQ and 3829 heterosexual peers completed the Youth Self-Report (YSR). RESULTS Of 12.4% of LGBQ participants, 4.1% identified themselves as lesbian/gay, 4.8% as bisexual, and 3.5% were unsure. SMY had significantly higher scores in internalizing problems (16.84 VS 13.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.94-3.77, P < 0.001), externalizing problems (15.23 VS 13.51, 95% CI 0.97-2.45, P < 0.001), and total behavioral scores (55.26 VS 47.16, 95% CI 5.55-10.63, P < 0.001) than their heterosexual peers. In sexual minority subgroup analyses, all syndrome subscales were highest in the bisexual group followed by the lesbian/gay group, and the questioning group, respectively. CONCLUSION LGBQ high school students had greater psychosocial problems than their heterosexual counterparts. Bisexual students were at the greatest risks of emotional and behavioral problems. Pediatricians and school mental health providers should be aware of emotional and behavioral problems among LGBQ students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Orawan Louthrenoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University.
| | | | - Chawanun Charnsil
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University
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Arterberry BJ, Davis AK, Walton MA, Bonar EE, Cunningham RM, Blow FC. Predictors of empirically derived substance use patterns among sexual minority groups presenting at an emergency department. Addict Behav 2019; 96:76-81. [PMID: 31048112 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Minority sexual orientation (i.e., Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual; LGB) is a risk indicator for mental health and substance use problems. Findings are inconsistent across studies investigating LGB substance use and risk factors, possibly due to heterogeneity in LGB subgroups. To inform models of substance use risk, we identified empirical patterns of substance use and related risk behaviors among LGB individuals. METHOD LGB participants (N = 343; Mage = 35.5, SD = 11.8; 71.4% = Female; 80.5% = White) were screened in an Emergency Department as part of a randomized controlled trial of an alcohol brief intervention. We conducted latent class analyses using the AUDIT-C (12 month; frequency, quantity, & binge) and ASSIST (12 month; illicit or misused prescription substance). Multinomial regression was performed to test predictors of class membership including depression symptoms, driving after alcohol or marijuana, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) history. RESULTS A 3-class model fit best and included "low use alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco users," (Low use; n = 244) "hazardous alcohol, tobacco and marijuana users," (Hazardous; n = 74) and "high-risk polysubstance users" (HPU; n = 25). The Low use class comprised the largest proportion of the sample across age, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Compared to the Low use class, higher likelihood of depression symptoms, driving after alcohol or marijuana use, and STI was found for both Hazardous and HPU classes. CONCLUSION Researchers and clinicians should consider substance use patterns within the LGB population to inform interventions that address a variety of complex needs such as allocating more support for LGB individuals endorsing high-risk polysubstance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke J Arterberry
- Department of Psychology, Lagomarcino Hall, 901 Stange Road, Ames, IA 50011-1041, USA.
| | - Alan K Davis
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; University of Michigan Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maureen A Walton
- University of Michigan Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; University of Michigan Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC10-G080, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Erin E Bonar
- University of Michigan Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; University of Michigan Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC10-G080, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rebecca M Cunningham
- University of Michigan Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC10-G080, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; University of Michigan School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; University of Michigan School of Public Health, Health Behavior and Health Education, 1415 Washington Heights Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Frederic C Blow
- University of Michigan Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Center for Clinical Management Research, Health Services Research & Development, 2215 Fuller Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Feinstein BA, Turner BC, Beach LB, Korpak AK, Phillips G. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Mental Health, Substance Use, and Bullying Victimization Among Self-Identified Bisexual High School-Aged Youth. LGBT Health 2019; 6:174-183. [PMID: 31033384 PMCID: PMC6551981 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2018.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Sexual minority youth are at increased risk for mental health problems and substance use, and accumulating evidence indicates that bisexual youth are at greatest risk. However, bisexual youth are not a homogenous group and scholars have called for greater attention to the intersections of multiple marginalized identities. As such, we examined racial/ethnic differences in mental health (sadness/hopelessness and suicidal ideation), substance use (cigarette use, binge drinking, marijuana use, and other illicit drug use), and bullying (in-person and electronic) among self-identified bisexual high school-aged youth (overall and by sex). Method: Data from the local versions of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey were pooled across jurisdictions and years (2011-2015), resulting in an analytic sample of 18,515 bisexual youth who were racially/ethnically diverse. Results: Black and Hispanic bisexual youth were less likely to report in-person and electronic bullying than White bisexual youth. In addition, Black bisexual youth were less likely to report sadness/hopelessness and suicidal ideation than White, Hispanic, and Other race/ethnicity bisexual youth. Black bisexual female youth were also less likely to report cigarette use, binge drinking, and other illicit drug use than White bisexual female youth. In contrast to most of our findings, Black bisexual youth were more likely to report marijuana use than White bisexual youth. Most of the significant racial/ethnic differences in mental health and substance use remained significant after controlling for bullying. Conclusion: These findings highlight the heterogeneity of bisexual youth and the need to consider multiple marginalized identities to understand the health disparities affecting this diverse population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Feinstein
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Blair C. Turner
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lauren B. Beach
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Aaron K. Korpak
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gregory Phillips
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Fish JN, Turner B, Phillips G, Russell ST. Cigarette Smoking Disparities Between Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Youth. Pediatrics 2019; 143:peds.2018-1671. [PMID: 30862728 PMCID: PMC6565340 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using a population-based sample of youth, we examined rates of cigarette use and trends in cigarette use disparities between heterosexual youth and 3 subgroups of sexual minority youth (SMY) (ie, lesbian or gay, bisexual, and unsure) from 2005 to 2015. METHODS Data are from 6 cohorts of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a national, biennial, school-based survey of ninth- to 12th-grade students in the United States (n = 404 583). Sex-stratified analyses conducted in 2017 examined trends in 2 cigarette-related behaviors: lifetime cigarette use and heavy cigarette use (20+ days in the past 30). RESULTS Disparities in lifetime cigarette use between lesbian and heterosexual girls were statistically smaller in 2015 relative to 2005 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12-0.75; P = .011). Sexual orientation disparities in heavy use were narrower for bisexual boys in 2015 compared with 2005 (aOR 0.39; 95% CI 0.17-0.90; P = .028). Girls and boys unsure of their sexual identity had wider disparities in heavy use in 2015 (aOR 3.85; 95% CI 1.39-11.10; P = .009) relative to 2005 (aOR 2.44; 95% CI 1.22-5.00; P = .012). CONCLUSIONS SMY remain at greater risk for cigarette-related behaviors despite greater acceptance of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people in the United States. Focused policies and programs aimed at reducing rates of SMY cigarette use are warranted, particularly for youth questioning their sexual identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N. Fish
- Department of Family Science, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland;,The Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Blair Turner
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Gregory Phillips
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and
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Calzo JP, Turner BC, Marro R, Phillips GL. Alcohol Use and Disordered Eating in a US Sample of Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 58:200-210. [PMID: 30738547 PMCID: PMC6369698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.09.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To expand knowledge of co-occurring alcohol use and disordered eating behaviors (DEB) among sexual minority (ie, nonheterosexual) youth. METHOD Using pooled 2009 to 2015 US Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (322,687 students; 7.3% lesbian, gay, bisexual), multivariable logistic regression models examined the following: (1) associations of age of onset of drinking and past month binge drinking with past year DEB (fasting, diet pill use, purging, steroid use); and (2) effect modification by sexual orientation. RESULTS Alcohol use and sexual minority identity were independently associated with elevated odds for diet pill use and purging among female adolescents, and with fasting and steroid use among male adolescents. Odds of fasting increased with greater frequency of monthly binge drinking among heterosexual adolescent female youth, and odds of diet pill use increased with greater frequency of monthly binge drinking among heterosexual adolescent male youth. DEB prevalence was particularly pronounced among adolescents who binge drank and who were not sure of their sexual orientation identity. Among male adolescents not sure of their sexual orientation identity, those who binge drank more than 1 day in the past month had 8.63 to 23.62 times the odds of using diet pills relative to those who did not binge drink, and 13.37 to 26.42 times the odds of purging relative to those who did not binge drink. CONCLUSION More research is needed on psychosocial factors underlying alcohol use and DEB in youth of all sexual orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerel P. Calzo
- the Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, San Diego State University Graduate School of Public Health, CA, and the Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University Research Foundation, CA
| | - Blair C. Turner
- the Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Rachel Marro
- the Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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Fish JN, Schulenberg JE, Russell ST. Sexual Minority Youth Report High-Intensity Binge Drinking: The Critical Role of School Victimization. J Adolesc Health 2019; 64:186-193. [PMID: 30660247 PMCID: PMC8142791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine standard binge drinking (≥4 drinks for females, ≥5 drinks for males) and high-intensity binge drinking (≥8 drinks for females, ≥10 drinks for males) among heterosexual and sexual minority youth in the US and whether reports of school-based victimization mediate this association. METHODS Survey data are from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS; n = 10,839, Mage = 16.07). Logistic regression adjusted for race/ethnicity and age compared rates of standard and high-intensity binge drinking among heterosexual and sexual minority youth and whether experiences of school-based victimization mediated this association. Effects were tested in full sample and sex-stratified models. RESULTS Lesbian and bisexual girls and girls with male and female partners were more likely than heterosexual girls to report standard rates of binge drinking. Lesbian girls and girls reporting male and female sexual partners were more likely than heterosexual girls to report high-intensity binge drinking in the past 30 days. Compared with heterosexual boys, gay boys were significantly less likely to participate in high-intensity binge drinking. School-based victimization mediated all significant associations between sexual minority status and standard and high-intensity binge drinking, with the exception of lesbian girls. CONCLUSION Lesbian and behaviorally bisexual girls have elevated risk for high-intensity binge drinking relative to heterosexual girls. Findings point to the importance of policies that reduce school-based victimization as these experiences are associated with higher rates of standard and high-intensity binge drinking among sexual minority girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N Fish
- Population Research Center, Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.
| | - John E Schulenberg
- Institute for Social Research and Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stephen T Russell
- Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Gamarel KE, Mitchell JW. Comparisons Between Smoking Patterns Among Sexual Minority Females and Males in Romantic Relationships. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2019; 46:176-184. [PMID: 29504469 PMCID: PMC10900118 DOI: 10.1177/1090198118757821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several studies have noted sexual minority disparities in tobacco smoking; however, few studies have examined the role of intimate partners in these different smoking behaviors among sexual minority men and women. Furthermore, few studies distinguish between intermittent and daily smokers. Thus, this study sought to examine whether perceptions of their partner's smoking behaviors were associated with their own smoking behaviors in a sample of sexual minority adults in romantic relationships. METHOD In total, 898 participants (413 sexual minority females and 485 sexual minority males) completed a one-time online anonymous survey. RESULTS Approximately one third of the sample reported smoking, with 21.2% daily smokers and 9.8% intermittent smokers. Multinomial regression results revealed that for both sexual minority females and males having a partner who was a daily or intermittent smoker was associated with an increased odds of being a daily smoker, whereas having a partner who was an intermittent smoker was associated with an increased odds of being an intermittent smoker. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide valuable information on the need to attend to romantic partners and consider tailored programming to account for different smoking patterns and partners' potential role in reinforcing smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi E. Gamarel
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jason W. Mitchell
- Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai’i
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Pollitt AM, Mallory AB, Fish JN. Homophobic Bullying and Sexual Minority Youth Alcohol Use: Do Sex and Race/Ethnicity Matter? LGBT Health 2018; 5:412-420. [PMID: 30334685 PMCID: PMC6207147 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2018.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sexual minority youth (SMY) are more likely to use alcohol than their heterosexual peers, yet a lack of research on within-group differences and modifiable mechanisms has hindered efforts to address alcohol use disparities. The purpose of the current study was to examine differences in the mediating role of homophobic bullying on the association between sexual orientation identity and drinking frequency and heavy episodic drinking frequency by sex and race/ethnicity. METHODS We used data from a subsample of 20,744 youth in seven states from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a population-based data set of 9-12th grade high school students in the United States. We included youth who self-identified as male or female; heterosexual, lesbian/gay, bisexual, or unsure of their sexual orientation identity; and White, Black, or Latino. RESULTS Within-group comparisons demonstrated that SMY alcohol use disparities were concentrated among Latino bisexual and unsure youth. All subgroups of SMY at the intersection of race/ethnicity and sex were more likely than their heterosexual counterparts to report homophobic bullying. Homophobic bullying mediated alcohol use disparities for some, but not all, subgroups of SMY. CONCLUSION Homophobic bullying is a serious risk factor for SMY alcohol use, although youths' multiple identities may differentiate degrees of risk. Sexual orientation identity-related disparities in alcohol use among Latino, bisexual, and unsure youth were not fully attenuated when adjusted for homophobic bullying, which suggests that there may be additional factors that contribute to rates of alcohol use among these specific subgroups of SMY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Pollitt
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Allen B. Mallory
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Jessica N. Fish
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Department of Family Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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Risk and Protective Factors for Substance Use among Sexual and Gender Minority Youth: A Scoping Review. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2018; 5:158-173. [PMID: 30393591 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-018-0196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Alcohol and drug use are common among youth. Rates are especially high among sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender). We conducted a scoping review of research on risk and protective factors for substance use among SGMY published between 2013-2017. Recent Findings Ninety-seven studies met our inclusion criteria. Most focused on individual-level minority stress risk factors, particularly stigma. Fewer studies addressed protective factors such as social support or affirming policies, and few focused on gender minority youth (GMY). We identified important, yet understudied differences by race/ethnicity, sex assigned at birth, and sexual orientation. Summary Findings highlight growing interest in this topic as well as methodological/topical gaps in the literature. Research is needed to examine SGMY substance use in nationally representative samples; expand information about GMY; investigate racial/ethnic and sex/gender differences; improve measurement; and increase translation of findings to support prevention and treatment interventions for this at-risk population.
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McConnell EA, Janulis P, Phillips G, Truong R, Birkett M. Multiple Minority Stress and LGBT Community Resilience among Sexual Minority Men. PSYCHOLOGY OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER DIVERSITY 2018; 5:1-12. [PMID: 29546228 DOI: 10.1037/sgd0000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Minority stress theory has widespread research support in explaining health disparities experienced by sexual and gender minorities. However, less is known about how minority stress impacts multiply marginalized groups, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people of color (LGBT POC). Also, although research has documented resilience in the face of minority stress at the individual level, research is needed that examines macro-level processes such as community resilience (Meyer, 2015). In the current study, we integrate minority stress theory and intersectionality theory to examine multiple minority stress (i.e., racial/ethnic stigma in LGBT spaces and LGBT stigma in one's neighborhood) and community resilience (i.e., connection to LGBT community) among sexual minority men of different racial/ethnic groups who use a geosocial networking application for meeting sexual partners. Results showed that Black sexual minority men reported the highest levels of racial/ethnic stigma in LGBT spaces and White sexual minority men reported the lowest levels, with Asian and Hispanic/Latino men falling in between. Consistent with minority stress theory, racial/ethnic stigma in LGBT spaces and LGBT stigma in one's neighborhood were associated with greater stress for sexual minority men of all racial/ethnic groups. However, connection to LGBT community played more central role in mediating the relationship between stigma and stress for White than POC sexual minority men. Results suggest that minority stress and community resilience processes may differ for White and POC sexual minority men. Potential processes driving these differences and implications for minority stress theory are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Janulis
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Gregory Phillips
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Roky Truong
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Michelle Birkett
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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