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Torre-Cisneros J, Ferrer R, Martos CDLF, Sarda J, Gonzalez Calvo AJ, Verardi S, Karas A, Soriano A. Cefiderocol treatment for patients infected by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia complex and Achromobacter spp.: subgroup analysis from the PERSEUS study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2025; 44:1367-1374. [PMID: 40126766 PMCID: PMC12116654 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-025-05109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2025] [Indexed: 03/26/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE This subgroup analysis of the PERSEUS study aimed to describe the effectiveness of cefiderocol treatment in the early access programme in Spain in patients infected by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) or Achromobacter species. METHODS In the retrospective, observational, multicentre PERSEUS study in Spain, the effectiveness and safety of cefiderocol treatment administered for at least 72 h up to 28 days in patients infected by Gram-negative bacteria, except Acinetobacter spp., in the early access programme was investigated. Patient demographics and baseline clinical characteristics, cefiderocol use, clinical cure at end of treatment, all-cause mortality at Day 28 were the main outcomes. RESULTS A total of 20 patients had S. maltophilia infections, and 14 patients had other rare glucose non-fermenters (Bcc 8, Achromobacter spp. 5, Ralstonia mannitolilytica 1). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 60.5 (48.0-65.5) years and 49.5 (33.0-59.0) years for patients with S. maltophilia and other rare non-fermenters, respectively. The majority of patients had respiratory tract infections (S. maltophilia 55%; other rare non-fermenters 71.4%), and median (IQR) duration of cefiderocol treatment was 10.0 (6.5-13.5) days and 8.0 (6-14) days, respectively. Clinical cure rates were 70%, 62.5% and 80.0% for patients with S. maltophilia, Bcc and Achromobacter spp., respectively. Corresponding 28-day all-cause mortality rates were 30.0%, 37.5% and 40.0%, respectively. One patient with R. mannitolilytica had clinical cure and survived to Day 28. CONCLUSIONS Cefiderocol is an important addition to the limited treatment options for patients infected by these rare glucose non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05789199 (Registration date: 16 February 2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Torre-Cisneros
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ricard Ferrer
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, SODIR Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen De La Fuente Martos
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Critical Care Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jessica Sarda
- Shionogi S.L.U, Calle de Serrano 45, Madrid, 28001, Spain.
| | | | | | | | - Alex Soriano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- IDIBAPS, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí-Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
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Coulon PML, Agnoli K, Myers GSA. Colony morphotype variation in Burkholderia: implications for success of applications and therapeutics. J Bacteriol 2025; 207:e0052124. [PMID: 40227106 PMCID: PMC12096841 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00521-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2025] Open
Abstract
The Burkholderia genus includes both environmental and pathogenic isolates known for their phenotypic plasticity and adaptability. Burkholderia spp. are intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics, often requiring prolonged therapies during infection. A key feature of Burkholderia spp. is colony morphotype variation (CMV), which allows for rapid adaptation to environmental changes and influences virulence, antibiotic resistance, and pathogenicity by impacting the expression of key virulence factors such as lipopolysaccharides, extracellular DNA, efflux pumps, and flagella. While alternative treatments, such as vaccines and phage therapies, hold promise, CMV has the potential to undermine their efficacy by modifying essential therapeutic targets. Despite its importance, the prevalence and underlying mechanisms of CMV remain poorly understood, leaving critical gaps in our knowledge that may hinder the development of sustainable solutions for managing Burkholderia infections. Addressing these gaps is crucial not only for improving infection management but also for enabling the safe reuse of Burkholderia in biotechnology, where their plant growth-promoting and bioremediation properties are highly valuable. Our goal is to raise awareness within the scientific community about the significance of CMV in Burkholderia, highlighting the urgent need to uncover the mechanisms driving CMV. A deeper understanding of CMV's role in virulence and resistance is essential to developing robust, long-term therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline M. L. Coulon
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirsty Agnoli
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Garry S. A. Myers
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Zhang J, Li B, Shen Z, Zhang Z, Feng J, Wong JWC. Antibiotic resistance patterns and cross-family ARG transfer in families Burkholderiaceae and Sphingomonadaceae: A large-scale genome-wide analysis of over 10 K genomes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 494:138642. [PMID: 40398027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2025] [Revised: 05/12/2025] [Accepted: 05/15/2025] [Indexed: 05/23/2025]
Abstract
Members of Burkholderiaceae and Sphingomonadaceae play an active role in pollutant degradation, yet their antibiotic resistance risks are frequently overlooked. This study analyzed 9406 Burkholderiaceae and 2343 Sphingomonadaceae genomes to investigate the distribution, horizontal gene transfer (HGT), and co-occurrence patterns of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and metal resistance genes (MRGs). ARGs were prevalent in Burkholderiaceae (93.2 % of genomes), dominated by bacitracin (89.0 %), multidrug (88.1 %), and beta-lactam (40.5 %) resistance, while Sphingomonadaceae exhibited lower ARG prevalence (11.6 %). Notably, Burkholderia and Caballeronia displayed high multidrug resistance (10.1 ARGs per genome) and frequent ARG-MRG co-occurrence (84.4 %). Strong ARG-MRG-MGE correlations were observed in Burkholderiaceae, suggesting MGEs play a key role in resistance dissemination. Additionally, ARGs correlated with metabolic genes, linking metabolic versatility to resistance. Genes like capO (chloramphenicol oxidase) and blaTEM-116 (beta-lactamase) were shared among distantly related genera, while mcr-5.1 (MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase) co-occurred with MRGs across Cupriavidus species, highlighting HGT and co-selection risks. ARG transfer between Burkholderiaceae, Sphingomonadaceae and clinical pathogens was frequent (114-1306 events/10,000 genome pairs), with sulfonamide resistance dominating (51.3 % of HGT). These findings highlight Burkholderiaceae and Sphingomonadaceae as critical reservoirs of resistance genes and emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance and mitigation strategies to curb the spread of multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China.
| | - Bing Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zehan Shen
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Zuowu Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China.
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Gao H, Xu L, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhu S, Lin H, Gao Y, Mao D, Lu X, Luo Y. Whole genome comparisons reveal gut-to-lung translocation of Escherichia coli and Burkholderia cenocepacia in two cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICU patients. Respir Res 2025; 26:178. [PMID: 40346542 PMCID: PMC12065390 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-025-03204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 05/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying the sources of pathogenic bacteria causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. However, the scarcity of reported cases with confirmed sources limits the ability to evaluate and manage VAP, which remains a major challenge for healthcare systems globally. METHODS Pathogens were isolated from endotracheal aspirate (ETA) samples of VAP patients using conventional culture techniques. Whole-genome comparisons, based on average nucleotide identity (ANI), were performed to identify genetically identical strains by comparing pulmonary isolate genomes with gut metagenome-derived bacterial genomes. Mouse models of pneumonia and colitis were used to validate the translocation of pathogenic bacteria from the gut to the lungs. Metagenomic analysis was performed to characterize the gut microbiome and resistome. RESULTS Pathogenic isolates were obtained from the ETA samples of seven VAP patients, with one isolate per sample. Among these, Escherichia coli (Ec1) and Burkholderia cenocepacia (Bc1) from two patients were genetically identical to strains in their respective gut microbiota, with ANI values above 99%, indicating gut-to-lung translocation. The Ec1 strain demonstrated increased resistance to cefazolin while remaining susceptible to gentamicin, amikacin, and kanamycin, compared to previously reported pneumonia-associated E. coli strains. The Bc1 strain showed elevated resistance to macrolides, chloramphenicols, and tetracyclines relative to pneumonia-associated B. cenocepacia strains. Metagenomic analysis revealed a highly individualized gut microbiota composition among VAP patients. Notably, the translocated bacteria were not dominant within their gut microbiota. Additionally, these patients showed a marked increase in the total abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in their gut microbiota. The translocation ability of the Ec1 strain was validated in a mouse pneumonia model, where it caused more severe lung damage. Furthermore, elevated levels of Escherichia-Shigella were detected in the lung tissues of colitis mice, suggesting that gut-to-lung bacterial translocation may occur in a severely inflamed host, potentially leading to pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the gut-to-lung translocation of E. coli and B. cenocepacia, highlighting their role in the development and progression of VAP in ICU patients. These findings provide valuable insights for implementing targeted prevention and treatment strategies for VAP in ICU settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Gao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300110, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Intensive Care, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300110, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Siyuan Zhu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Huai Lin
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yuting Gao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Daqing Mao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300110, China.
| | - Xing Lu
- Department of Intensive Care, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300170, China.
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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Jin J, Kulkarni AS, McAvoy AC, Garg N. Antimicrobial Agent Trimethoprim Influences Chemical Interactions in Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens via the ham Gene Cluster. ACS Chem Biol 2025. [PMID: 40344688 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2025]
Abstract
The fungus Aspergillus fumigatus and the bacterium Burkholderia cenocepacia cause fatal respiratory infections in immunocompromised humans and patients with lung disease, such as cystic fibrosis (CF). In dual infections, antagonistic interactions contribute to increased mortality. These interactions are further altered by the presence of antimicrobial and antifungal agents. However, studies performed to date on chemical interactions between clinical B. cenocepacia and A. fumigatus have focused on pathogens in isolation and do not include the most abundant chemical signal, i.e., clinically administered therapeutics, present in the lung. Here, we characterize small molecule-mediated interactions between B. cenocepacia and A. fumigatus and their shift in response to trimethoprim exposure by using metabolomics and mass spectrometry imaging. Using these methods, we report that the production of several small-molecule natural products of both the bacteria and the fungus is affected by cocultivation and exposure to trimethoprim. By systematic analysis of metabolomics data, we hypothesize that the B. cenocepacia-encoded ham gene cluster plays a role in the trimethoprim-mediated alteration of bacterial-fungal interactions. We support our findings by generating a genetically modified strain lacking the ham gene cluster and querying its interaction with A. fumigatus. Using comparative analyses of the extracts of wild-type and knockout strains, we report the inactivation of a bacterially produced antifungal compound, fragin, by A. fumigatus, which was verified by the addition of purified fragin to the A. fumigatus culture. Furthermore, we report that trimethoprim does not inhibit fungal growth, but affects the biochemical pathway for DHN-melanin biosynthesis, an important antifungal drug target, altering the pigmentation of the fungal conidia and is associated with modification of ergosterol to ergosteryl-3β-O-l-valine in coculture. This study demonstrates the impact of therapeutics on shaping microbial and fungal metabolomes, which influence interkingdom interactions and the expression of virulence factors. Our findings enhance the understanding of the complexity of chemical interactions between therapeutic compounds, bacteria, and fungi and may contribute to the development of selective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangpeiyun Jin
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Atharva S Kulkarni
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Andrew C McAvoy
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Neha Garg
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, ES&T, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Niu BB, Xu JJ, Li JA, Zhu LD. Case report: Cervical suppurative lymphadenitis caused by burkholderia multivorans in a healthy child. BMC Infect Dis 2025; 25:678. [PMID: 40340931 PMCID: PMC12063420 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-025-11033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2025] [Indexed: 05/10/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical suppurative lymphadenitis in children is commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. However, cases caused by Burkholderia multivorans (BM) are rare. The clinical presentation lacks specificity, making it difficult for clinicians to recognize, which may delay diagnosis and treatment. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of a 5-year-old boy admitted with recurrent fever and neck swelling. Initial treatment with meropenem and linezolid was ineffective, and symptoms persisted after 24 days of conservative therapy. Aspiration of pus yielded negative culture results. Definitive diagnosis was achieved through surgical biopsy of cervical lymph nodes, pathological examination, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), which identified BM as the causative pathogen. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and meropenem. The cervical lesion exhibited granulomatous inflammation and was managed with adjunctive vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy, resulting in complete wound healing without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS This study aims to raise awareness among all specialists about BM as a potential causative agent in cervical suppurative lymphadenitis. Early recognition and timely intervention can reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnoses, improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Bei Niu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (Jinan Children's Hospital), Jingshi Street 23976, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (Jinan Children's Hospital), Jingshi Street 23976, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Ji-An Li
- Infectious Diseases Department, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (Jinan Children's Hospital), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ling-Dong Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (Jinan Children's Hospital), Jingshi Street 23976, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China.
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Li K, Jia H, Gu Y, Xiao Y, Li S, Qu Y, Yang Q. Species Distribution and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Diverse Strains Within Burkholderia cepacia Complex. Microb Drug Resist 2025; 31:154-161. [PMID: 40266931 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2024.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2025] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to examine the clinical distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC). Methods: The BCC clinical strains were obtained from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine in China from January 2019 to January 2024, and hisA gene sequencing was employed for strain identification. The in vitro susceptibility of various antibacterials was measured through the disk diffusion method and the broth microdilution method. Results: A total of 386 strains of BCC were collected. Among them, the most common strains were B. cenocepacia (45.9%), B. multivorans (45.1%), and B. contaminans (7.0%). B. multivorans was the main one in respiratory specimens, whereas B. cenocepacia dominated in blood specimens. B. cenocepacia, B. multivorans, and B. contaminans exhibited a susceptibility over 95% to meropenem and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, whereas varying sensitivities were displayed to levofloxacin, ceftazidime, and minocycline (p < 0.05). Among tetracyclines, eravacycline exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration 90 (MIC90) values 1 µg/mL for B. cenocepacia, 1 µg/mL for B. multivorans, and 2 µg/mL for B. contaminans. This was followed by tigecycline (MIC90: 2 µg/mL, 2 µg/mL, and 4 µg/mL, respectively), minocycline (MIC90: 8 µg/mL, 2 µg/mL, and 8 µg/mL, respectively), and omadacycline (MIC90: 8 µg/mL, 4 µg/mL, and 16 µg/mL, respectively). Compared with the broth microdilution method, the category agreement (CA) of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and ceftazidime was >95%, and the very major error was <1%, whereas the CA of minocycline and meropenem was <90%. Conclusions: Thus, there are differences in the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of different BCC strains, with eravacycline demonstrating lower MIC values compared with tigecycline, minocycline, and omadacycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Yinzhou, Ningbo, China
| | - Huiqiong Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaxi Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengchao Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yahong Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Yinzhou, Ningbo, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Bowen RA, Hartwig AE, Bosco-Lauth AM, Seixas JN, Ritter JM, Fair PS, Elrod MG, Weiner ZP, Stoddard RA, Vieira AR, Maison RM, Lawrence E, Sueper H, Barker M, Bower WA. Postexposure Antimicrobial Drug Therapy in Goats Infected with Burkholderia pseudomallei. Emerg Infect Dis 2025; 31:967-975. [PMID: 40305354 PMCID: PMC12044257 DOI: 10.3201/eid3105.241274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, occurs by exposure to the organism in soil or water. There is concern for B. pseudomallei use as a potential bioweapon and as an exposure hazard in diagnostic laboratories processing samples or cultures containing the bacterium. The optimal strategies for treatment and postexposure prophylaxis are inadequately developed. This study used goats to evaluate 3 antimicrobial drug treatment regimens for postexposure therapy because they are a species naturally susceptible to B. pseudomallei infection. Goats were infected by percutaneous inoculation, and antimicrobial drug therapies were initiated 48 hours later. Widespread infection with abscess formation in multiple organs developed in untreated goats and goats treated with either amoxicillin/clavulanate or sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. In contrast, treatment with the combination of all 4 antimicrobial drugs might have eradicated the infection. Our findings suggest combination therapy with those 4 antimicrobial drugs may be useful for postexposure prophylaxis in humans.
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Prayag PS, Rajhans P, Mahale N, Patwardhan SA, Dhekane PN, Soman RN, Sethia D, Dalvi M, Dhupad S, Tyagi S, Joshi RS, Deshmukh A, Wavhal M, Sharma P, Prayag AP. Bacteremia Caused by Rare NFGNB in the ICU: A Single-center Experience. Indian J Crit Care Med 2025; 29:345-351. [PMID: 40322242 PMCID: PMC12045046 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2025] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Amongst the non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB), Pseudomonas (P.) and Acinetobacter species predominate the landscape. However, less common NFGNB such as Burkholderia, Stenotrophomonas, Achromobacter, Ralstonia and Elizabethkingia species, amongst others, are assuming increasing importance. We describe a single-center experience of bacteremia caused by rare NFGNBs in an Indian intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and methods A retrospective study of adult patients with bacteremia caused by rare NFGNB in the ICU. Results Of the total 205 cases, Burkholderia (B.) species (43.4%, n = 89) were the commonest, followed by Stenotrophomonas species (20.4%, n = 42). The bacteremia was related to an indwelling catheter in 42.9 % of the patients. The median duration of hospitalization preceding the bacteremia was 16 days. Except for B. Achromobacter and Aeromonas species, meropenem showed high rates of resistance. Overall, cotrimoxazole, levofloxacin and minocycline were the most effective antibiotics active in vitro; with some differences noted specific to different organisms. The overall day 28 mortality was 34.1%. On multivariate analysis, the presence of shock (p = 0.008, CI: 1.188-5.052) and receipt of steroids (p = 0.015, CI: 1.032-3.891) were significantly associated with mortality. Conclusions This is one of the largest studies from India, describing the landscape of NFGNB causing bacteremia in the ICU. Our study shows that these infections are acquired late during the course of hospitalization, have limited therapeutic options, and can be associated with significant mortality. Implementation of stringent infection control practices is needed to reduce this threat. How to cite this article Prayag PS, Rajhans P, Mahale N, Patwardhan SA, Dhekane PN, Soman RN, et al. Bacteremia Caused by Rare NFGNB in the ICU: A Single-center Experience. Indian J Crit Care Med 2025;29(4):345-351.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parikshit S Prayag
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prasad Rajhans
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilesh Mahale
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sampada A Patwardhan
- Department of Microbiology, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pruthu N Dhekane
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajeev N Soman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jupiter Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepak Sethia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mousami Dalvi
- Department of Microbiology, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Surabhi Dhupad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Surabhi Tyagi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rasika S Joshi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhishek Deshmukh
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhavi Wavhal
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Priyamvada Sharma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amrita P Prayag
- Department of In-house Research, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Geremia N, Marino A, De Vito A, Giovagnorio F, Stracquadanio S, Colpani A, Di Bella S, Madeddu G, Parisi SG, Stefani S, Nunnari G. Rare or Unusual Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacteria: Therapeutic Approach and Antibiotic Treatment Options. Antibiotics (Basel) 2025; 14:306. [PMID: 40149115 PMCID: PMC11939765 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics14030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2025] [Revised: 03/12/2025] [Accepted: 03/14/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB) are a heterogeneous group of opportunistic pathogens increasingly associated with healthcare-associated infections. While Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are well known, rarer species such as Burkholderia cepacia complex, Achromobacter spp., Chryseobacterium spp., Elizabethkingia spp., Ralstonia spp., and others pose emerging therapeutic challenges. Their intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms limit effective treatment options, making targeted therapy essential. Objectives: This narrative review summarizes the current understanding of rare and unusual NFGNB, their clinical significance, resistance profiles, and evidence-based therapeutic strategies. Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies on the epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, and treatment approaches to rare NFGNB. Results: Rare NFGNB exhibits diverse resistance mechanisms, including β-lactamase production, efflux pumps, and porin modifications. Treatment selection depends on species-specific susceptibility patterns, but some cornerstones can be individuated. Novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors and combination therapy approaches are being explored for multidrug-resistant isolates. However, clinical data remain limited. Conclusions: The increasing incidence of rare NFGNB requires heightened awareness and a tailored therapeutic approach. Given the paucity of clinical guidelines, antimicrobial stewardship and susceptibility-guided treatment are crucial in optimizing patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Geremia
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Medicine, Ospedale “dell’Angelo”, 30174 Venice, Italy;
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Medicine, Ospedale Civile “S.S. Giovanni e Paolo”, 30122 Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Marino
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, ARNAS Garibaldi Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy;
| | - Andrea De Vito
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.V.); (A.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Federico Giovagnorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (F.G.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Stefano Stracquadanio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Agnese Colpani
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.V.); (A.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Stefano Di Bella
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, 34129 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Giordano Madeddu
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.V.); (A.C.); (G.M.)
| | | | - Stefania Stefani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Nunnari
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, ARNAS Garibaldi Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy;
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11
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Ding ZW, Xu KZ, Dar OI, Yin LJ, Wang YJ, Liao YT, Wang P, Jia AQ. Deferiprone inhibits virulence and biofilm formation in Burkholderia cenocepacia. Med Microbiol Immunol 2025; 214:15. [PMID: 40056229 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-025-00824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/10/2025]
Abstract
Burkholderia cenocepacia, an opportunistic pathogen, poses a significant threat to human health, necessitating the discovery of effective quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs). In this study, the quorum sensing inhibitory effects of deferiprone (DFP) on the B. cenocepacia 162,638 were validated. Notably, DFP demonstrated an ability to inhibit and disrupt bacterial biofilms, reducing biofilm formation by 44.59% at 1/4 MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and 24.32% at 1/8 MIC concentrations. The study also investigated DFP's impact on motility, virulence, and QS signal levels. LC-MS/MS analysis showed a gradual reduction in the QS molecule C6-HSL as DFP concentrations increased. Additionally, DFP's non-hemolytic properties and safety profile, as verified in Galleria mellonella infection models, highlighted its biocompatibility. RT-qPCR results further indicated that DFP downregulated QS-related gene expression, particularly those involved in ferric uptake regulation protein (Fur). Molecular docking studies identified Fur as a key target for DFP's inhibitory action. Collectively, DFP was shown as a potential QSI with practical applications for controlling B. cenocepacia infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Kai-Zhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Owias Iqbal Dar
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Lu-Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yun-Tong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Marine Geological Resources and Environment, Hainan Haikou, Hainan Province, 570206, China.
- Hainan Geological Survey Institute, Hainan Haikou, 570206, China.
| | - Ai-Qun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Marine Geological Resources and Environment, Hainan Haikou, Hainan Province, 570206, China.
- Hainan Geological Survey Institute, Hainan Haikou, 570206, China.
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China.
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12
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Rodrigues DADS, da Cunha CCRF, Pereira AR, Espírito Santo DRD, Silva SDQ, Starling MCVM, Santiago ADF, Afonso RJDCF. Biodegradation of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in secondary effluent by microalgae-bacteria consortium. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2025; 264:114517. [PMID: 39724811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 12/16/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
Trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) are bacteriostatic agents, which are co-administered to patients during infection treatment due to their synergetic effects. Once consumed, TMP and SMX end up in wastewater and are directed to municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) which fail to remove these contaminants from municipal wastewater. The discharge of WWTP effluents containing antibiotics in the environment is a major concern for public health as it contributes to the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Improving treatment applied in WWTPs is one of the measures to tackle this issue. In this study, a natural microalgae-bacteria consortium cultivated under low intensity LED irradiation was used as a quaternary treatment to assess the removal of TMP alone (50 μg L-1) and also mixed with SMX (TMP/SMX; 50 μg L-1 of each) from real WWTP secondary effluents from anaerobic treatment systems. The removal of the sulfonamide resistance gene, sul1, was also evaluated. This is the first study assessed the removal of TMP alone and TMP associated with SMX in real effluent using microalgae-bacteria consortium without nutrient enrichment. Biodegradation experiments were conducted for 7 days, residual amount of antibiotics were assessed by low-temperature partitioning extraction (LTPE) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) and sul1 was analyzed by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). Results showed that SMX removal (48.34%) was higher than TMP (24.58%) in the mixture. The presence of both antibiotics at 50 μg L-1 did not inhibit microalgae-bacteria consortium growth. After 7 days, there was a slight increase in the absolute abundance of sul1 and 16S rRNA. The main removal mechanism for both antibiotics might be attributed to symbiotic biodegradation as bioadsorption, bioaccumulation and abiotic factors were very low or insignificant. While the application of a microalgae-bacteria consortium as a quaternary treatment seems to be a promising alternative, further research to improve degradation rate aiming at a global removal >80% as required in the Swiss and European directives is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aparecido da Silva Rodrigues
- Multicenter Postgraduation Program in Chemistry, Minas Gerais, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, 35450-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Andressa Rezende Pereira
- Environmental Engineering Graduation Program, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, 35450-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daiana Rocha do Espírito Santo
- Postgraduation Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35450-000, Brazil
| | - Silvana de Queiroz Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Vieira Martins Starling
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes (GruPOA), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Aníbal da Fonseca Santiago
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Mines, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, 35450-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robson José de Cássia Franco Afonso
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, 35450-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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13
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Padilla JJ, da Gama MAS, Barphagha I, Ham JH. Characterization of the Antibiotic and Copper Resistance of Emergent Species of Onion-Pathogenic Burkholderia Through Genome Sequence Analysis and High-Throughput Sequencing of Differentially Enriched Random Transposon Mutants. Pathogens 2025; 14:226. [PMID: 40137711 PMCID: PMC11946587 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens14030226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2025] [Revised: 02/20/2025] [Accepted: 02/21/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial pathogens resulting from the intensive usage of antibiotics and antibiotic compounds is acknowledged as a significant global concern that impacts both human and animal health. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the genomes of two emergent onion-pathogenic species of Burkholderia, B. cenocepacia CCRMBC56 and B. orbicola CCRMBC23, focusing on genes that are potentially associated with their high level of antibiotic and copper resistance. We also identified genes contributing to the copper resistance of B. cenocepacia CCRMBC56 through high-throughput analysis of mutated genes in random transposon mutant populations that were differentially enriched in a copper-containing medium. The results indicated that genes involved in DNA integration, recombination, and cation transport are important for the survival of B. cenocepacia CCRMBC56 in copper-stressed conditions. Furthermore, the fitness effect analysis identified additional genes crucial for copper resistance, which are involved in functions associated with the oxidative stress response, the ABC transporter complex, and the cell outer membrane. In the same analysis, genes related to penicillin binding, the TCA cycle, and FAD binding were found to hinder bacterial adaptation to copper toxicity. This study provides potential targets for reducing the copper resistance of B. cenocepacia and other copper-resistant bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J. Padilla
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (J.J.P.); (I.B.)
| | - Marco A. S. da Gama
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil;
| | - Inderjit Barphagha
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (J.J.P.); (I.B.)
| | - Jong Hyun Ham
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (J.J.P.); (I.B.)
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14
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Jorth P, Manuel C, McLemore T, Humphries RM, Cole NC, Schuetz AN, Garica D, Maldonado M, Rivero N, Milesi Galdino AC, Celedonio D, LiPuma JJ, Green DA, Zlosnik JEA, Traczewski M, Huse HK. Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates from people with and without cystic fibrosis. J Clin Microbiol 2025; 63:e0148024. [PMID: 39840992 PMCID: PMC11837569 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01480-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 12/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2025] Open
Abstract
The Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is a group of Gram-negative bacteria that cause opportunistic infections, most notably in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), and have been associated with outbreaks caused by contaminated medical products. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is often used to guide treatment for BCC infections, perhaps most importantly in people with CF who are being considered for lung transplant. However, recent studies have highlighted problems with AST methods. Here, we address limitations from previous studies to further evaluate BCC AST methods. We assessed the performance of reference broth microdilution (BMD), disk diffusion (DD) using Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) from three manufacturers, agar dilution (AD), and gradient diffusion (ETEST) for ceftazidime (CAZ), levofloxacin (LVX), meropenem (MEM), minocycline (MIN), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) on a set of 205 BCC isolates. The isolate set included 100 isolates from people with CF and 105 isolates from people without CF from a variety of sources, which enabled us to systematically evaluate whether specimen source impacts AST performance. For all BCC isolates, BMD reproducibility was 93%, 98%, 99%, 98%, and 96% for CAZ, LVX, MEM, MIN, and TMP-SMX, respectively. Using BMD as the comparator method, we show that DD, AD, and ETEST perform poorly, with neither MHA manufacturer nor specimen source significantly impacting method performance. Based on our data, we recommend that routine AST should not be performed for BCC isolates. If a provider requests AST, clinical microbiology laboratories should perform Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute reference methodology for BMD (stored frozen) and report MIC only.IMPORTANCEAntimicrobial susceptibility testing for the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is often used to determine eligibility for lung transplant in people with cystic fibrosis. However, problems with method performance have been reported. Here, we systematically evaluate the performance of reference broth microdilution, disk diffusion, agar dilution, and gradient diffusion (ETEST) for BCC organisms isolated from people with and without cystic fibrosis. We show that broth microdilution reproducibility is acceptable for levofloxacin, meropenem, minocycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, while ceftazidime was just below the acceptability cut-off. Regardless of specimen source, the results from disk diffusion, agar dilution, and ETEST do not correlate with broth microdilution. Based on these findings, we recommend that antimicrobial susceptibility testing should not be routinely performed for BCC, and if requested by the provider, only broth microdilution following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines should be used. Providers should be aware of the significant limitations of antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jorth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carmila Manuel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tracey McLemore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Romney M. Humphries
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nicolynn C. Cole
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Audrey N. Schuetz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dennis Garica
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Maria Maldonado
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Natasha Rivero
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Anna Clara Milesi Galdino
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Diana Celedonio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John J. LiPuma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel A. Green
- Department of Pathology, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - James E. A. Zlosnik
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Holly K. Huse
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
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15
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Liu Y, Zhu R, Liu D, Hu Y, Xia Q, Liu X, Wang C, Li Y. The characterization of Herbaspirillum huttiense isolated from a uremic patient: virulence and antimicrobial efficacy in the Galleria mellonella model. Lett Appl Microbiol 2025; 78:ovaf012. [PMID: 39919764 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovaf012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2024] [Revised: 01/02/2025] [Accepted: 02/06/2025] [Indexed: 02/09/2025]
Abstract
Herbaspirillum species are typically isolated from plants and are known for their role in crop nitrogen fixation. Recently, they have been found to colonize humans and cause infections. This study aimed to identify and characterize two Herbaspirillum huttiense strains (CLJ01 and CLJ02) isolated from the blood of a uremic patient, with a focus on evaluating their pathogenicity and antibiotic efficacy. The strains were identified using the VITEK2 system, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry , and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, confirming their identity as H. huttiense. High-throughput sequencing further revealed the presence of the resistance gene arnA, which confers resistance to polymyxin. For the first time, the pathogenicity of H. huttiense was assessed using a Galleria mellonella infection model. The results demonstrated a concentration-dependent virulence, with CLJ01 exhibiting slightly higher pathogenicity. Additionally, meropenem showed significant antimicrobial efficacy in the G. mellonella infection model, particularly under conditions of high bacterial load, indicating strong therapeutic potential. In conclusion, this study provides experimental evidence supporting the correct diagnosis and treatment of H. huttiense infections. Furthermore, the findings underscore the importance of accurately identifying rare pathogens in clinical settings for effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yue Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qing Xia
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yongwei Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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16
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Mateu-Borrás M, Dublin SR, Kang J, Monroe HL, Sen-Kilic E, Miller SJ, Witt WT, Chapman JA, Pyles GM, Nallar SC, Huckaby AB, Yang E, Rocuskie-Marker C, Grund ME, Amin MS, Lukomski S, Snyder GA, Ray K, Lewis GK, Ricke DO, Damron FH, Barbier M. Novel broadly reactive monoclonal antibody protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Infect Immun 2025; 93:e0033024. [PMID: 39670709 PMCID: PMC11784295 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00330-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 12/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of infections attributed to antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogens has increased exponentially over the recent decades reaching 1.27 million deaths worldwide in 2019. Without intervention, these infections are predicted to cause up to 10 million deaths a year and incur costs of up to 100 trillion US dollars globally by 2050. The emergence of AMR bacteria such as the ESKAPEE pathogens, and in particular Pseudomonas aeruginosa and species from the genus Burkholderia, underscores an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy offers a promising alternative to treat and prevent bacterial infections. In this study, we used peptides from highly conserved areas of the bacterial flagellin to generate monoclonal antibodies capable of broad binding to flagellated Gram-negative bacteria. We generated a broadly reactive IgG2bĸ mAb (WVDC-2109) that recognizes P. aeruginosa, Burkholderia sp., and other Gram-negative pathogens of interest. Characterization of the therapeutic potential of this antibody was determined using P. aeruginosa as model. In vitro characterization of WVDC-2109 demonstrated complement-mediated bactericidal activity and enhanced opsonophagocytosis of P. aeruginosa. Prophylactic administration of WVDC-2109 markedly improved survival and outcome in a lethal sepsis model and a sub-lethal murine pneumonia model of P. aeruginosa infection, reducing bacterial burden and inflammation. These findings suggest that WVDC-2109 and similar FliC-targeting antibodies could be valuable in preventing or treating diseases caused by P. aeruginosa as well as other life-threatening diseases of concern.IMPORTANCEAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) costs hundreds of thousands of lives and billions of dollars annually. To protect the population against these infections, it is imperative to develop new medical countermeasures targeting AMR pathogens like P. aeruginosa and Burkholderia sp. The administration of broadly reactive monoclonal antibodies can represent an alternative to treat and prevent infections caused by multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Unlike vaccines, antibodies can provide protection regardless of the immune status of the infected host. In this study, we generated an antibody capable of recognizing flagellin from P. aeruginosa and B. pseudomallei along with other Gram-negative pathogens of concern. Our findings demonstrate that the administration of the monoclonal antibody WVDC-2109 enhances survival rates and outcomes in different murine models of P. aeruginosa infection. These results carry significant implications in the field given that there are no available vaccines for P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Mateu-Borrás
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Spencer R. Dublin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jason Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Hunter L. Monroe
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Emel Sen-Kilic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah J. Miller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - William T. Witt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Joshua A. Chapman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Gage M. Pyles
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Shreeram C. Nallar
- School of Medicine, Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Annalisa B. Huckaby
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Evita Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Carleena Rocuskie-Marker
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Megan E. Grund
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Md Shahrier Amin
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Slawomir Lukomski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Greg A. Snyder
- School of Medicine, Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Krishanu Ray
- School of Medicine, Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - George K. Lewis
- School of Medicine, Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - F. Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Patro S, Sharma V, Choudhary A, Varuneil Y, Pathi BK, Pattnaik SS. Clinical and Microbiological Insights Into Burkholderia Infections: A Retrospective Study From a Tertiary Care Hospital. Cureus 2025; 17:e76742. [PMID: 39897275 PMCID: PMC11785516 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.76742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/01/2025] [Indexed: 02/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Opportunistic pathogens such as Burkholderia cepacia and B. pseudomallei within the genus Burkholderia are significant causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Despite their clinical importance, these infections are often underreported in resource-poor settings due to diagnostic challenges. This study investigates the prevalence, clinical profiles, and antibiotic resistance patterns seen in Burkholderia infections in a tertiary care hospital in India. Methods This retrospective study analyzed 56 hospitalized patients with Burkholderia infections diagnosed between June 2022 and June 2024. Positive cultures were identified using biochemical and morphological criteria. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, as well as antibiotic susceptibility profiles, were reviewed. Statistical analysis included descriptive measures and comparisons between B. cepacia and B. pseudomallei. Results The study included 56 patients, predominantly male (66.10%), with a mean age of 50.10 years. Comorbidities such as diabetes (39.30%) and hypertension (35.70%) were common. Blood cultures were the most frequent sample type, yielding positive results, with B. cepacia isolated in 67.60% of cases and B. pseudomallei in 32.40%. Patients with B. pseudomallei exhibited a stronger systemic inflammatory response, reflected by significantly elevated procalcitonin levels (p = 0.035) compared to B. cepacia. While C-reactive protein levels were also higher in B. pseudomallei, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.066). Both species demonstrated sensitivity to carbapenems and beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors, but notable resistance to aminoglycosides and cephalosporins was observed. B. pseudomallei showed high resistance to amikacin (41.20%) and cefepime (41.20%) while B. cepacia exhibited resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam (30.8%) and aztreonam (30.80%). Conclusion This study highlights distinct clinical and microbiological characteristics of B. cepacia and B. pseudomallei with distinct inflammatory markers and resistance patterns that underscore the need for precise diagnostic tools and tailored antibiotic therapy. Carbapenems and beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors remain effective treatment options, but emerging resistance necessitates effective antimicrobial stewardship for combating antimicrobial resistance and ensuring optimal patient outcomes. Further multicentric studies are essential to validate these findings and optimize management strategies for Burkholderia infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhransu Patro
- General Medicine, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Vibha Sharma
- General Medicine, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Arushi Choudhary
- General Medicine, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
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18
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Gutiérrez Santana JC, Coria Jiménez VR. Burkholderia cepacia complex in cystic fibrosis: critical gaps in diagnosis and therapy. Ann Med 2024; 56:2307503. [PMID: 38261606 PMCID: PMC10810671 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2307503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a bacterial group with 'natural' multi-antimicrobial resistance. This complex has generated epidemic outbreaks across the world. In people with cystic fibrosis (CF), Bcc can cause severe lung infections that lead to accelerated lung damage, which can be complicated by necrotizing pneumonia accompanied by high fevers, leucocytosis, and bacteraemia, which commonly causes fatal outcomes. Specifically, infection by Burkholderia cenocepacia is considered an exclusion criterion for lung transplantation. The species of Bcc exhibit both genetic and phenotypic hypervariability that complicate their accurate microbiological identification. Automated methods such as MALDI-TOF can err in the determination of species. Their slow growth even in selective agars and the absence of international consensuses on the optimal conditions for their isolation make early diagnosis a difficult challenge to overcome. The absence of correlations between antibiograms and clinical results has resulted in the absence of standardized cut-off values of antimicrobial susceptibility, a fact that brings a latent risk since incorrect antibiotic therapy can induce the selection of more aggressive variants that worsen the clinical picture of the host, added to the absence of a clear therapeutic guide for the eradication of pulmonary infections by Bcc in patients with CF, resulting in frequently ineffective treatments. There is an urgent need to standardize methods and diagnostic tools that would allow an early and accurate diagnosis, as well as to perform clinical studies of the effectiveness of available antibiotics to eradicate Bcc infections, which would allow us to establish standardized therapeutic schemes for Bcc-infected patients.
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19
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Chen Z, Lu Y, Xu Z, Wu L, Wei X, Cai Y. Evaluation of a Burkholderia ambifaria strain from plants as a novel promising probiotic in dental caries management. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2420612. [PMID: 39502190 PMCID: PMC11536693 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2420612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 10/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotics serve as a novel preventive or therapeutic approach for dental caries owing to their ability to reverse dysbiosis and restore a healthy microbiota. Here, we identified Burkholderia ambifaria AFS098024 as a probiotic candidate isolated from plants. Methods The safety of B. ambifaria was evaluated by hemolytic activity, D-lactic acid production and antibiotic susceptibility. In vitro biofilm model derived from the saliva of caries-free and caries-active donors and in vivo rat caries model were used to assess the efficacy of B. ambifaria in caries prevention and treatment. Results B. ambifaria was safe as a probiotic candidate and it could integrate with in vitro biofilm model. It significantly reduced the biomass and lactate production of biofilms from caries-active donors and disrupted biofilm structures. B. ambifaria effectively reduced the severity of carious lesions in rat molars, regardless of the inoculation sequence. Molars pretreated or treated with B. ambifaria demonstrated notably higher enamel volumes. Additionally, colonization of rat molars by B. ambifaria persisted for 6 weeks. Conclusion The B. ambifaria strain used in this study holds promise as a probiotic for inhibiting dental caries, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirang Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangyu Lu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhezhen Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Wei
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanling Cai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Yang X, Li M, Jia ZC, Liu Y, Wu SF, Chen MX, Hao GF, Yang Q. Unraveling the secrets: Evolution of resistance mediated by membrane proteins. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 77:101140. [PMID: 39244906 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Membrane protein-mediated resistance is a multidisciplinary challenge that spans fields such as medicine, agriculture, and environmental science. Understanding its complexity and devising innovative strategies are crucial for treating diseases like cancer and managing resistant pests in agriculture. This paper explores the dual nature of resistance mechanisms across different organisms: On one hand, animals, bacteria, fungi, plants, and insects exhibit convergent evolution, leading to the development of similar resistance mechanisms. On the other hand, influenced by diverse environmental pressures and structural differences among organisms, they also demonstrate divergent resistance characteristics. Membrane protein-mediated resistance mechanisms are prevalent across animals, bacteria, fungi, plants, and insects, reflecting their shared survival strategies evolved through convergent evolution to address similar survival challenges. However, variations in ecological environments and biological characteristics result in differing responses to resistance. Therefore, examining these differences not only enhances our understanding of adaptive resistance mechanisms but also provides crucial theoretical support and insights for addressing drug resistance and advancing pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Zi-Chang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Shun-Fan Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Weigang Road 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
| | - Mo-Xian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Ge-Fei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Qing Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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21
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Gyamfi E, Delvallez G, Cheng S, Meng S, Oeurn K, Sam C, Kerleguer A, Guillard B, Bañuls AL, Hide M. Multilocus sequence typing of clinical Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from Cambodia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012652. [PMID: 39541393 PMCID: PMC11594482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 11/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, endemic to Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. Despite its increasing global public health and clinical significance, the molecular epidemiology of melioidosis and genetic diversity of B. pseudomallei in Cambodia remains poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the genetic diversity and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of B. pseudomallei isolates responsible for melioidosis in humans. For this purpose, 14 clinical isolates cryopreserved at the Medical Biology Laboratory at Institut Pasteur du Cambodge from 2016 to 2020 were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). Phenotypic testing revealed that 92.86% (13/14) of the isolates were sensitive to all tested antibiotics, while one isolate exhibited resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. MLST analysis resolved our isolates into 14 unique Sequence Types (STs), including 10 previously documented in Southeast Asia. Notably, ST1858, ST2064, ST2065, and ST2066 were identified as novel STs, while ST54, ST99, ST211, and ST1359 were reported in Cambodia for the first time in this study. Comparing our MLST data with available sequences on PubMLST (n = 165), our study unveiled a high genetic diversity of B. pseudomallei in Cambodia. The identified STs were closely associated with isolates from other Southeast Asian countries, particularly Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia. In conclusion, this study provided insight into the genetic diversity among B. pseudomallei clinical isolates in Cambodia and their close genetic association with Southeast Asian isolates. To further our understanding, a One Health approach, incorporating human, environmental (mainly soil), and animal compartments, is essential to decipher the epidemiology of B. pseudomallei in Cambodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Gyamfi
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Gauthier Delvallez
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokleaph Cheng
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- LMI Drug Resistance In Southeast Asia, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Soda Meng
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kimyeun Oeurn
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chanchakriya Sam
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Alexandra Kerleguer
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Bertrand Guillard
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Anne-Laure Bañuls
- LMI Drug Resistance In Southeast Asia, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- MIVEGEC, Montpellier University, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Mallorie Hide
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- LMI Drug Resistance In Southeast Asia, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- MIVEGEC, Montpellier University, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
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22
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Almubarak I, Almubarak AJ, Ahmed YA, Ali MA, Yusuf WH, Ismail M, Elhadidi S, Abdelaziz H, Gabr MA, Awad G. Burkholderia cepacia Infective Endocarditis of Native Aortic Valve: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Cureus 2024; 16:e71548. [PMID: 39544580 PMCID: PMC11563448 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.71548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious cardiac infection of the endocardium, native and prosthetic valves, or cardiac device. In this case study, we report a case of an immunocompetent patient with severe Burkholderia cepacia aortic valve endocarditis. A 54-year-old female presented to the emergency department with progressive shortness of breath, chest pain, palpitations, and cough for a period of 20 days. On physical examination, the patient was orthopneic, tachypneic, and tachycardic with an irregularly irregular rhythm. Her blood pressure was 110/80, with an oxygen saturation of 88% on room air. On auscultation, variable S1 intensity, weak S2, ejection systolic murmurs all over the precordium, and bilateral crepitations were heard over lung bases. Electrocardiography was performed, which showed atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. Transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography were performed, which revealed a large aortic valve mass causing severe valvular obstruction. Blood culture results were non-conclusive. Autoimmune laboratory workup was conducted to exclude systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome. The patient received loop diuretics and empirical antibiotics initially, and an urgent surgical aortic valve replacement was performed. Burkholderia cepacia was detected by microbiological analysis of the excised valve. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was given for a period of four weeks post-operatively. Burkholderia cepacia could be one of the causative organisms causing IE and can affect the aortic valve in immunocompetent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Almubarak
- Department of General Surgery, Al Kindi Hospital, Manama, BHR
| | | | - Yusuf A Ahmed
- Department of General Surgery, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, SAU
| | - Manar A Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
| | - Walaa H Yusuf
- Department of General Surgery, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, SAU
| | - Mariam Ismail
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Delta University for Science and Technology, Mansoura, EGY
| | - Shady Elhadidi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
| | - Hanaa Abdelaziz
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
| | - Mohamed A Gabr
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
| | - Gehad Awad
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
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23
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Kavanaugh LG, Dey D, Shafer WM, Conn GL. Structural and functional diversity of Resistance-Nodulation-Division (RND) efflux pump transporters with implications for antimicrobial resistance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0008923. [PMID: 39235227 PMCID: PMC11426026 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00089-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe discovery of bacterial efflux pumps significantly advanced our understanding of how bacteria can resist cytotoxic compounds that they encounter. Within the structurally and functionally distinct families of efflux pumps, those of the Resistance-Nodulation-Division (RND) superfamily are noteworthy for their ability to reduce the intracellular concentration of structurally diverse antimicrobials. RND systems are possessed by many Gram-negative bacteria, including those causing serious human disease, and frequently contribute to resistance to multiple antibiotics. Herein, we review the current literature on the structure-function relationships of representative transporter proteins of tripartite RND efflux pumps of clinically important pathogens. We emphasize their contribution to bacterial resistance to clinically used antibiotics, host defense antimicrobials and other biocides, as well as highlighting structural similarities and differences among efflux transporters that help bacteria survive in the face of antimicrobials. Furthermore, we discuss technical advances that have facilitated and advanced efflux pump research and suggest future areas of investigation that will advance antimicrobial development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan G Kavanaugh
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Graduate Program in Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Debayan Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - William M Shafer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Laboratories of Microbial Pathogenesis, VA Medical Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Graeme L Conn
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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24
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Raab JE, Hamilton DJ, Harju TB, Huynh TN, Russo BC. Pushing boundaries: mechanisms enabling bacterial pathogens to spread between cells. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0052423. [PMID: 38661369 PMCID: PMC11385730 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00524-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
For multiple intracellular bacterial pathogens, the ability to spread directly into adjacent epithelial cells is an essential step for disease in humans. For pathogens such as Shigella, Listeria, Rickettsia, and Burkholderia, this intercellular movement frequently requires the pathogens to manipulate the host actin cytoskeleton and deform the plasma membrane into structures known as protrusions, which extend into neighboring cells. The protrusion is then typically resolved into a double-membrane vacuole (DMV) from which the pathogen quickly escapes into the cytosol, where additional rounds of intercellular spread occur. Significant progress over the last few years has begun to define the mechanisms by which intracellular bacterial pathogens spread. This review highlights the interactions of bacterial and host factors that drive mechanisms required for intercellular spread with a focus on how protrusion structures form and resolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E. Raab
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado—Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Desmond J. Hamilton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado—Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Tucker B. Harju
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado—Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Thao N. Huynh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado—Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Brian C. Russo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado—Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
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25
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Guedes GMDM, Ocadaque CJ, Amando BR, Freitas AS, Pereira VC, Cordeiro RDA, Bandeira SP, Souza PFN, Rocha MFG, Sidrim JJC, Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco DD. Influence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone on biofilm dynamics, protease, and siderophore production by Burkholderia pseudomallei. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:514-526. [PMID: 39077794 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2385038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Efflux pump inhibitors are a potential therapeutic strategy for managing antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. This article evaluated the effect of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) on the biofilm growth dynamics and the production of virulence factors by Burkholderia pseudomallei. The effects of CCCP on planktonic, growing, and mature biofilm, interaction with antibacterial drugs, and protease and siderophore production were assessed. CCCP MICs ranged between 128 and 256 µM. The CCCP (128 µM) had a synergic effect with all the antibiotics tested against biofilms. Additionally, CCCP reduced (p < .05) the biomass of biofilm growth and mature biofilms at 128 and 512 µM, respectively. CCCP also decreased (p < .05) protease production by growing (128 µM) and induced (p < .05) siderophore release by planktonic cells (128 µM) growing biofilms (12.8 and 128 µM) and mature biofilms (512 µM). CCCP demonstrates potential as a therapeutic adjuvant for disassembling B. pseudomallei biofilms and enhancing drug penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Crister José Ocadaque
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rocha Amando
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alyne Soares Freitas
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Carvalho Pereira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Silviane Praciano Bandeira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Pedro Filho Noronha Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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26
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McMillan IA, Norris MH, Heacock-Kang Y, Zarzycki-Siek J, Sun Z, Hartney BA, Filipowska LK, Islam MN, Crick DC, Borlee BR, Hoang TT. TetR-like regulator BP1026B_II1561 controls aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and intracellular pathogenesis in Burkholderia pseudomallei. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1441330. [PMID: 39211319 PMCID: PMC11358695 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1441330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp) causes the tropical disease melioidosis that afflicts an estimated 165,000 people each year. Bp is a facultative intracellular pathogen that transits through distinct intracellular stages including attachment to host cells, invasion through the endocytic pathway, escape from the endosome, replication in the cytoplasm, generation of protrusions towards neighboring cells, and host cell fusion allowing Bp infection to spread without exiting the intracellular environment. We have identified a TetR-like transcriptional regulator, BP1026B_II1561, that is up-regulated during the late stages of infection as Bp protrudes toward neighboring cells. We have characterized BP1026B_II1561 and determined that it has a role in pathogenesis. A deletional mutant of BP1026B_II1561 is attenuated in RAW264.7 macrophage and BALB/c mouse models of infection. Using RNA-seq, we found that BP1026B_II1561 controls secondary metabolite biosynthesis, fatty acid degradation, and propanoate metabolism. In addition, we identified that BP1026B_II1561 directly controls expression of an outer membrane porin and genes in the shikimate biosynthetic pathway using ChIP-seq. Transposon mutants of genes within the BP1026B_II1561 regulon show defects during intracellular replication in RAW264.7 cells confirming the role of this transcriptional regulator and the pathways it controls in pathogenesis. BP1026B_II1561 also up-regulates the majority of the enzymes in shikimate and tryptophan biosynthetic pathways, suggesting their importance for Bp physiology. To investigate this, we tested fluorinated analogs of anthranilate and tryptophan, intermediates and products of the shikimate and tryptophan biosynthetic pathways, respectively, and showed inhibition of Bp growth at nanomolar concentrations. The expression of these pathways by BP1026b_II1561 and during intracellular infection combined with the inhibition of Bp growth by fluorotryptophan/anthranilate highlights these pathways as potential targets for therapeutic intervention against melioidosis. In the present study, we have identified BP1026B_II1561 as a critical transcriptional regulator for Bp pathogenesis and partially characterized its role during host cell infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. McMillan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Michael H. Norris
- Pathogen Analysis and Translational Health Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Yun Heacock-Kang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Jan Zarzycki-Siek
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Zhenxin Sun
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Brooke A. Hartney
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Liliana K. Filipowska
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - M. Nurul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Dean C. Crick
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Bradley R. Borlee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Tung T. Hoang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Kar M, Tejan N, Jamwal A, Dubey A, Singh R, Sahu C, Patel SS, Kumari P, Ghar M. Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Burkholderia Bacteremia at a Hospital in India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 111:281-286. [PMID: 38917784 PMCID: PMC11310612 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia spp. are opportunistic pathogens that cause infection in patients with disrupted immunity. The study intended to demonstrate the epidemiology and clinical features associated with Burkholderia spp. bacteremia. This retrospective study was performed to assess the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients whose blood cultures were growing Burkholderia spp. and, based on their underlying comorbidities, were subjected to survival analysis from January 2022 to December 2022 at a university hospital in northern India. Three hundred patients with Burkholderia spp. bacteremia were included in this study conducted over 1 year. The mean age of the patients was 33.86 years with a male predominance of 56.67% (170/300, 56.67%). Underlying malignancies (207/300, 69.0%) were the most common clinical diagnosis, and catheter in situ (300/300, 100.0%) was the most common risk factor. Burkholderia cenocepacia (244/300, 81.33%) was the most common Burkholderia spp. isolated. All isolates were highly susceptible to minocycline. Kidney disease (P = 0.029), hypertension (P = 0.005), type 2 diabetes mellitus (P = 0.039), and respiratory disease (P <0.001) in patients were significantly associated with death owing to Burkholderia spp. bacteremia, whereas patients with malignancies (P <0.001) and undergoing treatment were significantly associated with a better outcome when the microorganism was susceptible to empirical antibiotics. The presence of indwelling devices, mechanical ventilation (P <0.001), and a hemodialysis catheter (P = 0.026) were statistically significant risk factors associated with poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Kar
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Nidhi Tejan
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Ashima Jamwal
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Akanksha Dubey
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Romya Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Chinmoy Sahu
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Sangram Singh Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Malay Ghar
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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28
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Yap ZL, Rahman ASMZ, Hogan AM, Levin DB, Cardona ST. A CRISPR-Cas-associated transposon system for genome editing in Burkholderia cepacia complex species. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0069924. [PMID: 38869300 PMCID: PMC11267881 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00699-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome editing in non-model bacteria is important to understand gene-to-function links that may differ from those of model microorganisms. Although species of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) have great biotechnological capacities, the limited genetic tools available to understand and mitigate their pathogenic potential hamper their utilization in industrial applications. To broaden the genetic tools available for Bcc species, we developed RhaCAST, a targeted DNA insertion platform based on a CRISPR-associated transposase driven by a rhamnose-inducible promoter. We demonstrated the utility of the system for targeted insertional mutagenesis in the Bcc strains B. cenocepacia K56-2 and Burkholderia multivorans ATCC17616. We showed that the RhaCAST system can be used for loss- and gain-of-function applications. Importantly, the selection marker could be excised and reused to allow iterative genetic manipulation. The RhaCAST system is faster, easier, and more adaptable than previous insertional mutagenesis tools available for Bcc species and may be used to disrupt pathogenicity elements and insert relevant genetic modules, enabling Bcc biotechnological applications. IMPORTANCE Species of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) have great biotechnological potential but are also opportunistic pathogens. Genetic manipulation of Bcc species is necessary to understand gene-to-function links. However, limited genetic tools are available to manipulate Bcc, hindering our understanding of their pathogenic traits and their potential in biotechnological applications. We developed a genetic tool based on CRISPR-associated transposase to increase the genetic tools available for Bcc species. The genetic tool we developed in this study can be used for loss and gain of function in Bcc species. The significance of our work is in expanding currently available tools to manipulate Bcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Ling Yap
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Andrew M. Hogan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David B. Levin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Silvia T. Cardona
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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29
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Wong MY, Lin BS, Hu PS, Huang TY, Huang YK. Nanoparticles of Cs 0.33WO 3 as Antibiofilm Agents and Photothermal Treatment to Inhibit Biofilm Formation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:28144-28154. [PMID: 38973863 PMCID: PMC11223238 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Metal oxide nanoparticles with photothermal properties have attracted considerable research attention for their use in biomedical applications. Cesium tungsten oxide (Cs0.33WO3) nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit strong absorption in the NIR region due to localized surface plasmon resonance, through which they convert light to heat; hence, they can be applied to photothermal treatment for bacteria and biofilm ablation. Herein, Cs0.33WO3 NPs were synthesized through solid-phase synthesis, and their physical properties were characterized through Zetasizer, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, respectively). Burkholderia cenocepacia isolates were cultured in tryptic soy broth supplemented with glucose, and the biofilm inhibition and antibiofilm effects of the NPs were determined using a crystal violet assay and the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The biofilm morphology and viability of NP-treated cultures after NIR irradiation were evaluated through SEM and confocal microscopy, respectively. The cytotoxicity of NPs to human macrophages was also assessed using the CCK-8 assay. The NPs effectively inhibited biofilm formation, with a formation rate of <10% and a viability rate of <50% at the concentration of ≥200 μg/mL. The confocal analysis revealed that NIR irradiation markedly enhanced biofilm cytotoxicity after treatment with the NPs. The assay of cytotoxicity to human macrophages demonstrated the biocompatibility of the NPs and NIR irradiation. In sum, the Cs0.33WO3 NPs displayed effective biofilm inhibition and antibiofilm activity at 200 μg/mL treatment concentration; they exhibited an enhancement effect under the NIR irradiation, suggesting Cs0.33WO3 NPs are a potential candidate agent for NIR-irradiated photothermal treatment in bacterial biofilm inhibition and antibiofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yi Wong
- Division
of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
- College
of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung
University, Tainan
City 71150, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Shyh Lin
- College
of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung
University, Tainan
City 71150, Taiwan
| | - Po-Sheng Hu
- College
of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung
University, Tainan
City 71150, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Huang
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
- College
of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Kuang Huang
- Division
of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
- College
of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Division
of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chiayi Hospital, MOHW, Chiayi
City 60096, Taiwan
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30
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Moustafa DA, Wu L, Ivey M, Fankhauser SC, Goldberg JB. Mutation of hmgA, encoding homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, is responsible for pyomelanin production but does not impact the virulence of Burkholderia cenocepacia in a chronic granulomatous disease mouse lung infection. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0041024. [PMID: 38809005 PMCID: PMC11218447 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00410-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of Gram-negative opportunistic bacteria often associated with fatal pulmonary infections in patients with impaired immunity, particularly those with cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Some Bcc strains are known to naturally produce pyomelanin, a brown melanin-like pigment known for scavenging free radicals; pigment production has been reported to enable Bcc strains to overcome the host cell oxidative burst. In this work, we investigated the role of pyomelanin in resistance to oxidative stress and virulence in strains J2315 and K56-2, two epidemic CF isolates belonging to the Burkholderia cenocepacia ET-12 lineage. We previously reported that a single amino acid change from glycine to arginine at residue 378 in homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HmgA) affects the pigment production phenotype: pigmented J2315 has an arginine at position 378, while non-pigmented K56-2 has a glycine at this position. Herein, we performed allelic exchange to generate isogenic non-pigmented and pigmented strains of J2315 and K56-2, respectively, and tested these to determine whether pyomelanin contributes to the protection against oxidative stress in vitro as well as in a respiratory infection in CGD mice in vivo. Our results indicate that the altered pigment phenotype does not significantly impact these strains' ability to resist oxidative stress with H2O2 and NO in vitro and did not change the virulence and infection outcome in CGD mice in vivo suggesting that other factors besides pyomelanin are contributing to the pathophysiology of these strains.IMPORTANCEThe Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of Gram-negative opportunistic bacteria that are often associated with fatal pulmonary infections in patients with impaired immunity, particularly those with cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Some Bcc strains are known to naturally produce pyomelanin, a brown melanin-like pigment known for scavenging free radicals and overcoming the host cell oxidative burst. We investigated the role of pyomelanin in Burkholderia cenocepacia strains J2315 (pigmented) and K56-2 (non-pigmented) and performed allelic exchange to generate isogenic non-pigmented and pigmented strains, respectively. Our results indicate that the altered pigment phenotype does not significantly impact these strains' ability to resist H2O2 or NO in vitro and did not alter the outcome of a respiratory infection in CGD mice in vivo. These results suggest that pyomelanin may not always constitute a virulence factor and suggest that other features are contributing to the pathophysiology of these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A Moustafa
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Linda Wu
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Melissa Ivey
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah C Fankhauser
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biology, Oxford College of Emory University, Oxford, Georgia, USA
| | - Joanna B Goldberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Xu C, Lu S, Cidan Y, Wang H, Sun G, Saleem MU, Ataya FS, Zhu Y, Wangdui-Basang, Li K. Microbiome analysis reveals alteration in water microbial communities due to livestock activities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:47298-47314. [PMID: 38995335 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The Baihe River, a tributary of the Yellow River located in the Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Northern Sichuan, is surrounded by natural resources suitable for animal development. However, the impact of livestock activities water microbiome in this area remains unexplored. This study collected water samples from areas with captive yaks and sheep (NS and YS) and compared them with water samples from Hongyuan Baihe River. Through amplicon sequencing, we investigated the impact of livestock activities on aquatic microorganisms. Diversity analysis, significance analysis, and microbial phenotype prediction indicated a significant decrease in microbial community diversity and function in the NS and YS groups. Pathogenic microorganisms such as Bacteroidales and Thelebolaceae and antibiotic-resistant bacteria genes such as Flavobacteriales and Burkholderiaceae were significantly higher in livestock breeding areas. Additionally, bacteria adapted to acidification, hypoxia, and eutrophication (e.g., Acidobacteria, Flavobacteriales, Deltaproteobacteria, Rhodobacterales) were more abundant in these areas. Our results demonstrate that livestock activities significantly alter the structure and function of microbial communities in surrounding water bodies, deteriorating water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijia Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangji Cidan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, 850009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhuang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, 850009, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Sun
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, 850009, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Usman Saleem
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 6000, Pakistan
| | - Farid Shokry Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanbin Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, 850009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangdui-Basang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, 850009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Maruri-Aransolo A, de Dios Caballero J, Michelena M, Medina-Pascual MJ, Carrasco G, Asensio O, Cols M, Cantón R. Evaluation of CHROMagar™ B. cepacia agar for the detection of Burkholderia cepacia complex species from sputum samples of patients with cystic fibrosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:1349-1353. [PMID: 38780755 PMCID: PMC11271321 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) are non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria that can chronically colonize the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), causing a severe and progressive respiratory failure, post-transplant complications and epidemic outbreaks. Therefore, rapid and accurate identification of these bacteria is relevant for pwCF, in order to facilitate early eradication and prevent chronic colonization. However, BCCs are often quite difficult to detect on culture media as they have a slow growth rate and can be hidden by other fast-growing microorganisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and filamentous fungi. MATERIAL AND METHODS We evaluated the sensitivity of CHROMagar™ B. cepacia agar using 11 isolates from a well-characterized BCC collection, using BCA agar (Oxoid, UK) as a gold standard. We also studied 180 clinical sputum samples to calculate positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values. Furthermore, we used three of the well-characterized BCC isolates to determine the limit of detection (LOD). RESULTS Eleven isolates grew on CHROMagar™ B. cepacia at 37ºC after 48 h. The NPV and PPV of CHROMagar™ B. cepacia were 100% and 87.5%, respectively. The LOD of CHROMagar™ B. cepacia was around 1 × 103 CFU/ml, requiring a ten-fold dilution lower bacterial load than BCA for BCC detection. CONCLUSION CHROMagar™ B. cepacia agar proved to have a very good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of clinical BCCs. Moreover, the chromogenic nature of the medium allowed us to clearly differentiate BCC from other Gram-negative species, filamentous fungi and yeasts, thereby facilitating the identification of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhize Maruri-Aransolo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan de Dios Caballero
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Malkoa Michelena
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Medina-Pascual
- Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Taxonomía, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Carrasco
- Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Taxonomía, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Asensio
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Consorci Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Maria Cols
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Cantón
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Stanton CR, Petrovski S, Batinovic S. Isolation of a PRD1-like phage uncovers the carriage of three putative conjugative plasmids in clinical Burkholderia contaminans. Res Microbiol 2024; 175:104202. [PMID: 38582389 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2024.104202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of increasingly multi-drug resistant opportunistic bacteria. This resistance is driven through a combination of intrinsic factors and the carriage of a broad range of conjugative plasmids harbouring virulence determinants. Therefore, novel treatments are required to treat and prevent further spread of these virulence determinants. In the search for phages infective for clinical Bcc isolates, CSP1 phage, a PRD1-like phage was isolated. CSP1 phage was found to require pilus machinery commonly encoded on conjugative plasmids to facilitate infection of Gram-negative bacteria genera including Escherichia and Pseudomonas. Whole genome sequencing and characterisation of one of the clinical Burkholderia isolates revealed it to be Burkholderia contaminans. B. contaminans 5080 was found to contain a genome of over 8 Mbp encoding multiple intrinsic resistance factors, such as efflux pump systems, but more interestingly, carried three novel plasmids encoding multiple putative virulence factors for increased host fitness, including antimicrobial resistance. Even though PRD1-like phages are broad host range, their use in novel antimicrobial treatments shouldn't be dismissed, as the dissemination potential of conjugative plasmids is extensive. Continued survey of clinical bacterial strains is also key to understanding the spread of antimicrobial resistance determinants and plasmid evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra R Stanton
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve Petrovski
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Steven Batinovic
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia; Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Shmarina G, Pukhalskaya D, Shmarin V, Semykin S, Avakyan L, Krasovsky S, Goryainova A, Kostyuk S, Zinchenko R, Kashirskaya N. Burkholderia cepacia in cystic fibrosis children and adolescents: overall survival and immune alterations. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1374318. [PMID: 39011515 PMCID: PMC11246859 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1374318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In current literature there are only scarce data on the host inflammatory response during Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) persistence. The primary objective of the present research was to carry out cross-sectional analyses of biomarkers and evaluate disease progression in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with chronic Bcc infection and pathogen-free ones. The secondary aim was to assess prospectively overall survival of the study participants during up to 8 years of follow-up. Methods The study included 116 paediatric patients with CF; 47 CF patients were chronically infected with Bcc, and 69 individuals were Bcc free. Plasma and sputum biomarkers (neutrophil elastase, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-12, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, IL-22, IL-23, IL-17, IFN-γ, TGFβ1, TNF-α) were analysed using commercially available kits. Besides, inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on proliferative response of PHA-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes had been assessed. Results Bcc infected patients did not differ from Bcc free ones in demographic and clinical parameters, but demonstrated an increased rate of glucose metabolism disturbances and survival disadvantage during prolong follow-up period. Biomarkers analyses revealed elevated TNF-α and reduced IL-17F levels in sputum samples of Bcc infected patients. These patients also demonstrated improvement of peripheral blood lymphocyte sensitivity to steroid treatment and reduction in plasma pro-inflammatory (IL-17F and IL-18) and anti-inflammatory (TGFβ1 and IL-10) cytokine concentrations. Conclusions Reduction in IL-17F levels may have several important consequences including increase in steroid sensitivity and glycemic control disturbances. Further investigations are needed to clarify the role of IL-17 cytokines in CF complication development. Low plasma TGFβ1 and IL-10 levels in Bcc infected group may be a sign of subverted activity of regulatory T cells. Such immune alterations may be one of the factors contributing to the development of the cepacia syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Shmarina
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vassiliy Shmarin
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
- First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Semykin
- Russian Clinical Children's Hospital, a separate structural unit of the Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lusine Avakyan
- Russian Clinical Children's Hospital, a separate structural unit of the Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anastasia Goryainova
- Russian Clinical Children's Hospital, a separate structural unit of the Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Lewis JM, Jebeli L, Coulon PML, Lay CE, Scott NE. Glycoproteomic and proteomic analysis of Burkholderia cenocepacia reveals glycosylation events within FliF and MotB are dispensable for motility. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0034624. [PMID: 38709084 PMCID: PMC11237607 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00346-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Across the Burkholderia genus O-linked protein glycosylation is highly conserved. While the inhibition of glycosylation has been shown to be detrimental for virulence in Burkholderia cepacia complex species, such as Burkholderia cenocepacia, little is known about how specific glycosylation sites impact protein functionality. Within this study, we sought to improve our understanding of the breadth, dynamics, and requirement for glycosylation across the B. cenocepacia O-glycoproteome. Assessing the B. cenocepacia glycoproteome across different culture media using complementary glycoproteomic approaches, we increase the known glycoproteome to 141 glycoproteins. Leveraging this repertoire of glycoproteins, we quantitively assessed the glycoproteome of B. cenocepacia using Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA) revealing the B. cenocepacia glycoproteome is largely stable across conditions with most glycoproteins constitutively expressed. Examination of how the absence of glycosylation impacts the glycoproteome reveals that the protein abundance of only five glycoproteins (BCAL1086, BCAL2974, BCAL0525, BCAM0505, and BCAL0127) are altered by the loss of glycosylation. Assessing ΔfliF (ΔBCAL0525), ΔmotB (ΔBCAL0127), and ΔBCAM0505 strains, we demonstrate the loss of FliF, and to a lesser extent MotB, mirror the proteomic effects observed in the absence of glycosylation in ΔpglL. While both MotB and FliF are essential for motility, we find loss of glycosylation sites in MotB or FliF does not impact motility supporting these sites are dispensable for function. Combined this work broadens our understanding of the B. cenocepacia glycoproteome supporting that the loss of glycoproteins in the absence of glycosylation is not an indicator of the requirement for glycosylation for protein function. IMPORTANCE Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen of concern within the Cystic Fibrosis community. Despite a greater appreciation of the unique physiology of B. cenocepacia gained over the last 20 years a complete understanding of the proteome and especially the O-glycoproteome, is lacking. In this study, we utilize systems biology approaches to expand the known B. cenocepacia glycoproteome as well as track the dynamics of glycoproteins across growth phases, culturing media and in response to the loss of glycosylation. We show that the glycoproteome of B. cenocepacia is largely stable across conditions and that the loss of glycosylation only impacts five glycoproteins including the motility associated proteins FliF and MotB. Examination of MotB and FliF shows, while these proteins are essential for motility, glycosylation is dispensable. Combined this work supports that B. cenocepacia glycosylation can be dispensable for protein function and may influence protein properties beyond stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Lewis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leila Jebeli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pauline M L Coulon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catrina E Lay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
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Nguyen QH, Nguyen CL, Nguyen TS, Do BN, Tran TTT, Le TTH, Bui TT, Le HS, Quyen DV, Hayer J, Bañuls AL, Bui TS. Genomic insights into an extensively drug-resistant and hypervirulent Burkholderia dolosa N149 isolate of a novel sequence type (ST2237) from a Vietnamese patient hospitalised for stroke. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 37:44-47. [PMID: 38408562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Burkholderia dolosa is a clinically important opportunistic pathogen in inpatients. Here we characterised an extensively drug-resistant and hypervirulent B. dolosa isolate from a patient hospitalised for stroke. METHODS Resistance to 41 antibiotics was tested with the agar disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration, or broth microdilution method. The complete genome was assembled using short-reads and long-reads and the hybrid de novo assembly method. Allelic profiles obtained by multilocus sequence typing were analysed using the PubMLST database. Antibiotic-resistance and virulence genes were predicted in silico using public databases and the 'baargin' workflow. B. dolosa N149 phylogenetic relationships with all available B. dolosa strains and Burkholderia cepacia complex strains were analysed using the pangenome obtained with Roary. RESULTS B. dolosa N149 displayed extensive resistance to 31 antibiotics and intermediate resistance to 4 antibiotics. The complete genome included three circular chromosomes (6 338 630 bp in total) and one plasmid (167 591 bp). Genotypic analysis revealed various gene clusters (acr, amr, amp, emr, ade, bla and tet) associated with resistance to 35 antibiotic classes. The major intrinsic resistance mechanisms were multidrug efflux pump alterations, inactivation and reduced permeability of targeted antibiotics. Moreover, 91 virulence genes (encoding proteins involved in adherence, formation of capsule, biofilm and colony, motility, phagocytosis inhibition, secretion systems, protease secretion, transmission and quorum sensing) were identified. B. dolosa N149 was assigned to a novel sequence type (ST2237) and formed a mono-phylogenetic clade separated from other B. dolosa strains. CONCLUSIONS This study provided insights into the antimicrobial resistance and virulence mechanisms of B. dolosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Huy Nguyen
- LMI DRISA, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Cam Linh Nguyen
- LMI DRISA, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thai Son Nguyen
- LMI DRISA, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bich Ngoc Do
- LMI DRISA, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thanh Tam Tran
- LMI DRISA, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Hang Le
- LMI DRISA, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Thuyet Bui
- Department of Microbiology, 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huu Song Le
- Department of Microbiology, 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dong Van Quyen
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Juliette Hayer
- LMI DRISA, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam; UMR MIVEGEC (University of Montpellier- IRD-CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Laure Bañuls
- LMI DRISA, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam; UMR MIVEGEC (University of Montpellier- IRD-CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Tien Sy Bui
- Department of Microbiology, 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Qu T, Wang P, Zhao X, Liang L, Ge Y, Chen Y. Metagenomics reveals differences in the composition of bacterial antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic resistance genes in pasteurized yogurt and probiotic bacteria yogurt from China. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3451-3467. [PMID: 38246555 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a global public health concern, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in food are a research focus. In China, probiotics and pasteurized yogurts are the 2 main types of commercially available yogurt, but the distribution and differences of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and gene types in these products are not well known. This study used a shotgun metagenomic approach to analyze 22 different types of yogurt collected from 9 main yogurt-producing areas in China; each type of yogurt included 8 different batches of samples. The abundance and diversity of bacteria identified in probiotic yogurt were significantly higher than those in pasteurized yogurt, with Acetobacter, Raoultella, and Burkholderia identified as unique and highly abundant genera in probiotic yogurt. Similarly, the abundance of Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. was higher than that in pasteurized yogurt. A total of 1,149 ARG subtypes belonging to 16 ARG types were identified, with the highest abundance of rifampicin, multidrug efflux pumps, and quinolone resistance genes detected. Network analysis revealed significant nonrandom co-occurrence relationships between different types and subtypes of ARG in yogurt samples. A total of 44 ARG subtypes in pasteurized yogurt were potentially hosted by 36 bacterial genera, and in probiotic yogurt, 63 ARG were expected to be hosted by 86 bacterial species from 37 genera. These findings indicate potential safety issues in fermented dairy products and emphasize the need for a more hygienic environment when processing probiotic yogurt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Qu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Lijiao Liang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiqiang Ge
- China Rural Technology Development Center, Beijing 100045, China; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
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Hoya M, Matsunaga R, Nagatoishi S, Ide T, Kuroda D, Tsumoto K. Impact of single-residue mutations on protein thermal stability: The case of threonine 83 of BC2L-CN lectin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132682. [PMID: 38815947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The thermal stability of trimeric lectin BC2L-CN was investigated and found to be considerably altered when mutating residue 83, originally a threonine, located at the fucose-binding loop. Mutants were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry and isothermal microcalorimetry. Although most mutations decreased the affinity of the protein for oligosaccharide H type 1, six mutations increased the melting temperature (Tm) by >5 °C; one mutation, T83P, increased the Tm value by 18.2 °C(T83P, Tm = 96.3 °C). In molecular dynamic simulations, the investigated thermostable mutants, T83P, T83A, and T83S, had decreased fluctuations in the loop containing residue 83. In the T83S mutation, the side-chain hydroxyl group of serine formed a hydrogen bond with a nearby residue, suggesting that the restricted movement of the side-chain resulted in fewer fluctuations and enhanced thermal stability. Residue 83 is located at the interface and near the upstream end of the equivalent loop in a different protomer; therefore, fluctuations by this residue likely propagate throughout the loop. Our study of the dramatic change in thermal stability by a single amino acid mutation provides useful insights into the rational design of protein structures, especially the structures of oligomeric proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Hoya
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Sagami Chemical Research Institute, 2743-1 Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1193, Japan
| | - Ryo Matsunaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Project Division of Advanced Biopharmaceutical Science, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Teruhiko Ide
- Tosoh Corporation, Hayakawa, 2743-1 Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1123, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Project Division of Advanced Biopharmaceutical Science, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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Kraus S, Fletcher ML, Łapińska U, Chawla K, Baker E, Attrill EL, O'Neill P, Farbos A, Jeffries A, Galyov EE, Korbsrisate S, Barnes KB, Harding SV, Tsaneva-Atanasova K, Blaskovich MAT, Pagliara S. Phage-induced efflux down-regulation boosts antibiotic efficacy. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012361. [PMID: 38941361 PMCID: PMC11239113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The interactions between a virus and its host vary in space and time and are affected by the presence of molecules that alter the physiology of either the host or the virus. Determining the molecular mechanisms at the basis of these interactions is paramount for predicting the fate of bacterial and phage populations and for designing rational phage-antibiotic therapies. We study the interactions between stationary phase Burkholderia thailandensis and the phage ΦBp-AMP1. Although heterogeneous genetic resistance to phage rapidly emerges in B. thailandensis, the presence of phage enhances the efficacy of three major antibiotic classes, the quinolones, the beta-lactams and the tetracyclines, but antagonizes tetrahydrofolate synthesis inhibitors. We discovered that enhanced antibiotic efficacy is facilitated by reduced antibiotic efflux in the presence of phage. This new phage-antibiotic therapy allows for eradication of stationary phase bacteria, whilst requiring reduced antibiotic concentrations, which is crucial for treating infections in sites where it is difficult to achieve high antibiotic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kraus
- Living Systems Institute and Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Megan L Fletcher
- Living Systems Institute and Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Urszula Łapińska
- Living Systems Institute and Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Krina Chawla
- Living Systems Institute and Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Evan Baker
- Department of Mathematics and Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
- EPSRC Hub for Quantitative Modelling in Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Erin L Attrill
- Living Systems Institute and Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Paul O'Neill
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey Farbos
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Jeffries
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Edouard E Galyov
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sunee Korbsrisate
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok Thailand
| | - Kay B Barnes
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah V Harding
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- Department of Mathematics and Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
- EPSRC Hub for Quantitative Modelling in Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stefano Pagliara
- Living Systems Institute and Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
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Ibrahim T, Abdallah TA, Abdallah A, Qazi R, Alimam A, Mohammad H, Eltayeb F, Daghfal J, Ali M, Hadi HA. Epidemiology, microbiological, clinical characteristics, and outcome of Burkholderia cepacia complex infections in non-cystic fibrosis adult patients from Qatar. IJID REGIONS 2024; 11:100355. [PMID: 38617502 PMCID: PMC11015122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Burkholderia species infections are associated with diverse and challenging clinical presentations because of distinct virulence and antimicrobial resistance factors. The study aims to evaluate the epidemiology, microbiological, and clinical outcomes of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) infections in non-cystic fibrosis (CF) patients from Qatar. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on adult patients across all hospitals at Hamad Medical Corporation between January 2012 and December 2018 to evaluate clinically relevant Bcc in non-CF adult patients. Results Over 7 years, 72 episodes of Burkholderia species infections were recorded, 64 were secondary to Bcc primarily affecting males (78.12%) with a mean age of 53 years, from the Middle and Southeastern region (92.2%) affected predominantly by diabetes mellitus (34.4%), chronic kidney (23.4%), coronary heart (20.3%), and hypertensive diseases (17.2%) while recent hospitalization and admission to critical care were evident in 45.3% and 93.8% of cases, respectively. Main infection sites were urinary (43.8%) and respiratory (29.7%) with associated bacteremia recorded in 26.6% of cases. Microbiological characteristics demonstrated high-level resistance profiles leading to delayed microbiological clearance in case of bacteremia (61%) and management with multiple therapeutic agents (range 4-6) resulting in disease resolution in 90.6% of cases with observed 30-day mortality of 7.8%. Conclusions B. cepacia infections are infrequent, recorded mainly in middle-aged males with chronic comorbidities presenting as urinary, respiratory, and bacteremia associated with hospitalization, admission to critical care, and invasive procedures. High-level antimicrobial resistance is observed necessitating multiple therapeutic agents and suboptimal bacteriological clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawheeda Ibrahim
- Department of Bariatric Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ahmed Abdallah
- Departmnet of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rabia Qazi
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abeir Alimam
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hashim Mohammad
- Departmnet of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Faiha Eltayeb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joanne Daghfal
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maisa Ali
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hamad Abdel Hadi
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Plum MTW, Cheung HC, Iscar PR, Chen Y, Gan YH, Basler M. Burkholderia thailandensis uses a type VI secretion system to lyse protrusions without triggering host cell responses. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:676-692.e5. [PMID: 38640929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
To spread within a host, intracellular Burkholderia form actin tails to generate membrane protrusions into neighboring host cells and use type VI secretion system-5 (T6SS-5) to induce cell-cell fusions. Here, we show that B. thailandensis also uses T6SS-5 to lyse protrusions to directly spread from cell to cell. Dynamin-2 recruitment to the membrane near a bacterium was followed by a short burst of T6SS-5 activity. This resulted in the polymerization of the actin of the newly invaded host cell and disruption of the protrusion membrane. Most protrusion lysis events were dependent on dynamin activity, caused no cell-cell fusion, and failed to be recognized by galectin-3. T6SS-5 inactivation decreased protrusion lysis but increased galectin-3, LC3, and LAMP1 accumulation in host cells. Our results indicate that B. thailandensis specifically activates T6SS-5 assembly in membrane protrusions to disrupt host cell membranes and spread without alerting cellular responses, such as autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoi Ching Cheung
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Yahua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Yunn-Hwen Gan
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Marek Basler
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Kumaresan M, Manoharan M, Sugumar M, Sistla S. Species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates in clinical infections: Experience from a tertiary care hospital, Southern India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2024; 49:100613. [PMID: 38750965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a diverse group of environmental bacteria associated with opportunistic infections. The identification of Bcc using conventional methods poses challenges. Bcc infections are difficult to treat due to intrinsic antibiotic resistance. The study aimed to investigate the species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical Bcc isolates. METHODS A total of 153 Bcc isolates obtained from clinical samples were analysed. Species identification was carried out using automated methods, including MALDI-TOF MS and VITEK2. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method. RESULTS Burkholderia cenocepacia (70.5%) emerged as the most prevalent species, followed by Burkholderia contaminans (9.8%) and Burkholderia cepacia (7.2%). Ventilator-associated pneumonia (38.6%) was the most common infection, followed by sepsis (28.1%). Co-existence of Bcc with other pathogens in many cases suggested potential co-infection scenarios. Antimicrobial susceptibility revealed that ceftazidime, co-trimoxazole and meropenem were the most effective drugs, while levofloxacin proved to be the least effective. Moderate susceptibility was noted to minocycline, with 4.6% of isolates exhibiting multi-drug resistance. CONCLUSION This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence, clinical associations, and antibiotic susceptibility of Bcc in India. It highlights the importance of Bcc as a nosocomial pathogen, especially in vulnerable patient populations. The findings contribute to understanding Bcc infections, their distribution, and emphasize the necessity for accurate identification methods in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalakshmi Kumaresan
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605006, India.
| | - Meerabai Manoharan
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605006, India.
| | - Madhan Sugumar
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605006, India.
| | - Sujatha Sistla
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605006, India.
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Khanna K, Welch MD. Cryo-electron tomography of stationary phase Burkholderia thailandensis. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001178. [PMID: 38725941 PMCID: PMC11079643 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Burkholderia species belonging to the pseudomallei group include significant human and animal pathogens as well as the non-pathogenic species Burkholderia thailandensis . These bacteria co-opt the host cell machinery for their replication and spread between host cells. Thus, it is of interest to understand the structural features of these cells that contribute to host cell colonization and virulence. This study provides high-resolution cryo-electron tomograms of stationary phase Burkholderia thailandensis . It reveals the presence of compact nucleoids and storage granules, as well as examples of the type III secretion system and chemoreceptor arrays. The data can be used to investigate the near-atomic structure of stationary-phase bacterial macromolecules, such as ribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Khanna
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Matthew D. Welch
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
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Belykh E, Maystrenko T, Velegzhaninov I, Tavleeva M, Rasova E, Rybak A. Taxonomic Diversity and Functional Traits of Soil Bacterial Communities under Radioactive Contamination: A Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:733. [PMID: 38674676 PMCID: PMC11051952 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the taxonomic diversity and structure of soil bacteria in areas with enhanced radioactive backgrounds have been ongoing for three decades. An analysis of data published from 1996 to 2024 reveals changes in the taxonomic structure of radioactively contaminated soils compared to the reference, showing that these changes are not exclusively dependent on contamination rates or pollutant compositions. High levels of radioactive exposure from external irradiation and a high radionuclide content lead to a decrease in the alpha diversity of soil bacterial communities, both in laboratory settings and environmental conditions. The effects of low or moderate exposure are not consistently pronounced or unidirectional. Functional differences among taxonomic groups that dominate in contaminated soil indicate a variety of adaptation strategies. Bacteria identified as multiple-stress tolerant; exhibiting tolerance to metals and antibiotics; producing antioxidant enzymes, low-molecular antioxidants, and radioprotectors; participating in redox reactions; and possessing thermophilic characteristics play a significant role. Changes in the taxonomic and functional structure, resulting from increased soil radionuclide content, are influenced by the combined effects of ionizing radiation, the chemical toxicity of radionuclides and co-contaminants, as well as the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the initial bacterial community composition. Currently, the quantification of the differential contributions of these factors based on the existing published studies presents a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Belykh
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia (I.V.); (E.R.)
| | - Tatiana Maystrenko
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia (I.V.); (E.R.)
| | - Ilya Velegzhaninov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia (I.V.); (E.R.)
| | - Marina Tavleeva
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia (I.V.); (E.R.)
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prospekt, Syktyvkar 167001, Russia
| | - Elena Rasova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia (I.V.); (E.R.)
| | - Anna Rybak
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia (I.V.); (E.R.)
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45
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Ni HY, Zhang Y, Huang DH, Zhou F. Multi-systemic melioidosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes in non-endemic areas: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:1669-1676. [PMID: 38576731 PMCID: PMC10989420 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i9.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei), occurs endemically in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia and is a serious opportunistic infection associated with a high mortality rate. CASE SUMMARY A 58-year-old woman presented with scattered erythema on the skin of her limbs, followed by fever and seizures. B. pseudomallei was isolated successively from the patient's urine, blood, and pus. Magnetic resonance imaging showed abscess formation involving the right forehead and the right frontal region. Subsequently, abscess resection and drainage were performed. The patient showed no signs of relapse after 4 months of follow-up visits post-treatment. CONCLUSION We present here a unique case of multi-systemic melioidosis that occurs in non-endemic regions in a patient who had no recent travel history. Hence, it is critical to enhance awareness of melioidosis in non-endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Yu Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, Puren Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, Hubei Province, China
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dong-Hai Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Puren Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, Hubei Province, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Puren Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, Hubei Province, China
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46
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Taitt CR, Leski TA, Compton JR, Chen A, Berk KL, Dorsey RW, Sozhamannan S, Dutt DL, Vora GJ. Impact of template denaturation prior to whole genome amplification on gene detection in high GC-content species, Burkholderia mallei and B. pseudomallei. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:70. [PMID: 38475810 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we sought to determine the types and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance determinants (ARDs) in Burkholderia spp. strains using the Antimicrobial Resistance Determinant Microarray (ARDM). RESULTS Whole genome amplicons from 22 B. mallei (BM) and 37 B. pseudomallei (BP) isolates were tested for > 500 ARDs using ARDM v.3.1. ARDM detected the following Burkholderia spp.-derived genes, aac(6), blaBP/MBL-3, blaABPS, penA-BP, and qacE, in both BM and BP while blaBP/MBL-1, macB, blaOXA-42/43 and penA-BC were observed in BP only. The method of denaturing template for whole genome amplification greatly affected the numbers and types of genes detected by the ARDM. BlaTEM was detected in nearly a third of BM and BP amplicons derived from thermally, but not chemically denatured templates. BlaTEM results were confirmed by PCR, with 81% concordance between methods. Sequences from 414-nt PCR amplicons (13 preparations) were 100% identical to the Klebsiella pneumoniae reference gene. Although blaTEM sequences have been observed in B. glumae, B. cepacia, and other undefined Burkholderia strains, this is the first report of such sequences in BM/BP/B. thailandensis (BT) clade. These results highlight the importance of sample preparation in achieving adequate genome coverage in methods requiring untargeted amplification before analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R Taitt
- Nova Research Inc., Alexandria, VA, 22308, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tomasz A Leski
- Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jaimee R Compton
- Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amy Chen
- Karle's Fellow, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kimberly L Berk
- US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command-Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Robert W Dorsey
- US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command-Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Shanmuga Sozhamannan
- Defense Biological Product Assurance Office, Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (JPEO-CBRND), Frederick, MD, USA
- Joint Research and Development, Inc., Stafford, VA, USA
| | - Dianne L Dutt
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Joint Science and Technology Office, Ft. Belvoir, VA, USA
| | - Gary J Vora
- Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA.
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47
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Hussin A, Nathan S, Shahidan MA, Nor Rahim MY, Zainun MY, Khairuddin NAN, Ibrahim N. Identification and mechanism determination of the efflux pump subunit amrB gene mutations linked to gentamicin susceptibility in clinical Burkholderia pseudomallei from Malaysian Borneo. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:12. [PMID: 38381232 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02105-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei is typically resistant to gentamicin but rare susceptible strains have been isolated in certain regions, such as Thailand and Sarawak, Malaysia. Recently, several amino acid substitutions have been reported in the amrB gene (a subunit of the amrAB-oprA efflux pump gene) that confer gentamicin susceptibility. However, information regarding the mechanism of the substitutions conferring the susceptibility is lacking. To understand the mechanism of amino acid substitution that confers susceptibility, this study identifies the corresponding mutations in clinical gentamicin-susceptible B. pseudomallei isolates from the Malaysian Borneo (n = 46; Sarawak: 5; Sabah: 41). Three phenotypically confirmed gentamicin-susceptible (GENs) strains from Sarawak, Malaysia, were screened for mutations in the amrB gene using gene sequences of gentamicin-resistant (GENr) strains (QEH 56, QEH 57, QEH20, and QEH26) and publicly available sequences (AF072887.1 and BX571965.1) as the comparator. The effect of missense mutations on the stability of the AmrB protein was determined by calculating the average energy change value (ΔΔG). Mutagenesis analysis identified a polymorphism-associated mutation, g.1056 T > G, a possible susceptible-associated in-frame deletion, Delta V412, and a previously confirmed susceptible-associated amino acid substitution, T368R, in each of the three GENs isolates. The contribution of Delta V412 needs further confirmation by experimental mutagenesis analysis. The mechanism by which T368R confers susceptibility, as elucidated by in silico mutagenesis analysis using AmrB-modeled protein structures, is proposed to be due to the location of T368R in a highly conserved region, rather than destabilization of the AmrB protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainulkhir Hussin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sheila Nathan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ashraf Shahidan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yusof Nor Rahim
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Yusof Zainun
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Nazlina Ibrahim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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48
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Murphy RA, Pizzato J, Cuthbertson L, Sabnis A, Edwards AM, Nolan LM, Vorup-Jensen T, Larrouy-Maumus G, Davies JC. Antimicrobial peptide glatiramer acetate targets Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharides to breach membranes without altering lipopolysaccharide modification. NPJ ANTIMICROBIALS AND RESISTANCE 2024; 2:4. [PMID: 39843948 PMCID: PMC11702655 DOI: 10.1038/s44259-024-00022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2025]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key components of innate immunity across all domains of life. Natural and synthetic AMPs are receiving renewed attention in efforts to combat the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis and the loss of antibiotic efficacy. The gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most concerning infecting bacteria in AMR, particularly in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) where respiratory infections are difficult to eradicate and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Cationic AMPs exploit the negatively charged lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on P. aeruginosa to bind and disrupt bacterial membrane(s), causing lethal damage. P. aeruginosa modifies its LPS to evade AMP killing. Free-LPS is also a component of CF sputum and feeds pro-inflammatory cycles. Glatiramer acetate (GA) is a random peptide co-polymer-of glycine, lysine, alanine, tyrosine-used as a drug in treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS); we have previously shown GA to be an AMP which synergises with tobramycin against CF P. aeruginosa, functioning via bacterial membrane disruption. Here, we demonstrate GA's direct binding and sequestration/neutralisation of P. aeruginosa LPS, in keeping with GA's ability to disrupt the outer membrane. At CF-relevant LPS concentrations, however, membrane disruption by GA was not strongly inhibited. Furthermore, exposure to GA did not result in increased Lipid A modification of LPS or in increased gene expression of systems involved in AMP sensing and LPS modification. Therefore, despite the electrostatic targeting of LPS by GA as part of its activity, P. aeruginosa does not demonstrate LPS modification in its defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan A Murphy
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Jade Pizzato
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Leah Cuthbertson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Akshay Sabnis
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew M Edwards
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Laura M Nolan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Jane C Davies
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' Trust, London, UK
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49
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Jia J, Lu SE. Comparative Genome Analyses Provide Insight into the Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytic Burkholderia. Microorganisms 2024; 12:100. [PMID: 38257926 PMCID: PMC10821513 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria are endosymbionts that colonize a portion of plants without harming the plant for at least a part of its life cycle. Bacterial endophytes play an essential role in promoting plant growth using multiple mechanisms. The genus Burkholderia is an important member among endophytes and encompasses bacterial species with high genetic versatility and adaptability. In this study, the endophytic characteristics of Burkholderia species are investigated via comparative genomic analyses of several endophytic Burkholderia strains with pathogenic Burkholderia strains. A group of bacterial genes was identified and predicted as the putative endophytic behavior genes of Burkholderia. Multiple antimicrobial biosynthesis genes were observed in these endophytic bacteria; however, certain important pathogenic and virulence genes were absent. The majority of resistome genes were distributed relatively evenly among the endophytic and pathogenic bacteria. All known types of secretion systems were found in the studied bacteria. This includes T3SS and T4SS, which were previously thought to be disproportionately represented in endophytes. Additionally, questionable CRISPR-Cas systems with an orphan CRISPR array were prevalent, suggesting that intact CRISPR-Cas systems may not exist in symbiotes of Burkholderia. This research not only sheds light on the antimicrobial activities that contribute to biocontrol but also expands our understanding of genomic variations in Burkholderia's endophytic and pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shi-En Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;
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50
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Phillips ED, Garcia EC. Burkholderia pseudomallei. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:105-106. [PMID: 37634974 PMCID: PMC10803057 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram negative, facultative intracellular bacterium that resides in the rhizosphere of tropical soils. B. pseudomallei causes melioidosis, which is transmitted by cutaneous entry, ingestion, or inhalation of contaminated soil or water. Infection with B. pseudomallei can cause a wide array of clinical symptoms such as pneumonia, bone, joint, skin, genitourinary, and central nervous system infections, as well as parotid abscesses in children. Mammalian virulence is linked to the B. pseudomallei intracellular life cycle, which begins with attachment and internalization by host cells. B. pseudomallei can infect a wide range of eukaryotic cells, including macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils, as well as nonphagocytic cells. Once internalized, a type 3 secretion system (T3SSBsa) facilitates B. pseudomallei escape from the phagosome, and the bacteria replicate in the cytoplasm. Autotransporter protein BimA mediates actin polymerization, enabling B. pseudomallei to spread, cell to cell, using actin-based motility. This process, coupled with the activity of a type 6 secretion system (T6SS-5), results in host membrane fusion and the formation of multinucleated giant cells. Capsule polysaccharides also contribute to virulence and evasion of host innate immunity. Treatment of B. pseudomallei infections is complicated by the organism’s intrinsic resistance to multiple classes of antimicrobials, largely due to an abundance of efflux pumps and reduced outer membrane permeability. While B. pseudomallei is commonly associated with endemic ‘hotspots’ in southeast Asia and northern Australia, there is increasing evidence that it is likely endemic in a large range of tropical and subtropical areas, including regions in Africa, South America, the Middle East, Central America, and the Caribbean. Soil and climate conditions favorable for B. pseudomallei survival are also found in additional areas worldwide. Consequently, it is important for clinical and public health laboratories located outside of high-endemicity areas to be aware of B. pseudomallei , as well as for improved diagnostic and reporting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica D Phillips
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Erin C Garcia
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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