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López EL, Martín Ferolla F, Meza SN, Mascardi N, Neira P, Chiormi A, Reyero M, Retta A, Contrini MM, Acosta PL. MUC5AC: A potential biomarker of severity in pediatric patients infected with influenza. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29715. [PMID: 38808542 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Numerous factors can increase the risk of severe influenza; however, a majority of severe cases occur in previously healthy children. Identification of high-risk children is important for targeted preventive interventions and prompt treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate MUC5AC as a biomarker for influenza disease severity in children. For this, a prospective cohort study was conducted in 2019. Children hospitalized with acute respiratory infection (ARI) with confirmed positive influenza infection were enrolled. Influenza cases were identified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Life-threatening disease (LTD) was defined by the need for intensive care and ventilatory support. MUC5AC, epidemiologic, and clinical risk factors were assessed. Three hundred and forty-two patients were hospitalized with ARI, of which 49 (14%) had confirmed influenza infection and 6 (12%) of them developed LTD. MUC5AC levels were higher in those patients with mild disease compared to cases with poorer outcomes. Our results show that the severity of influenza infection in children is significantly associated with low levels of MUC5AC. These findings suggest its potential as a suitable biomarker for predicting disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo L López
- Department of Medicine, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Program, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Medicine, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fausto Martín Ferolla
- Department of Medicine, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Program, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago N Meza
- Department of Medicine, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Program, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Normando Mascardi
- Department of Medicine, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Neira
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Chiormi
- Deparment of Kinesiology, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Reyero
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Retta
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María M Contrini
- Department of Medicine, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Program, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricio L Acosta
- Department of Medicine, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Program, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lau C, Behlen JC, Myers A, Li Y, Zhao J, Harvey N, Wright G, Hoffmann AR, Zhang R, Johnson NM. In Utero Ultrafine Particulate Exposure Yields Sex- and Dose-Specific Responses to Neonatal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11527-11535. [PMID: 35926851 PMCID: PMC9386899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with lower respiratory tract infections. The role of ultrafine particles (UFPs, ≤0.1 μm) in respiratory disease is not fully elucidated, especially in models of immunologically immature populations. To characterize the effects of maternal UFP exposure on neonatal infection, we exposed time-mated C57Bl/6n mice to filtered air or UFPs at a low dose (LD, ∼55 μg/m3) and high dose (HD, ∼275 μg/m3) throughout gestation. At 5 days of age, offspring were infected with a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) strain known to mimic infant infection or sham control. Offspring body weights were significantly reduced in response to infection in the LD RSV group, particularly females. Pulmonary gene expression analysis demonstrated significantly increased levels of oxidative stress- and inflammation-related genes in HD-exposed male offspring in sham and RSV-infected groups. In males, the highest grade of inflammation was observed in the HD RSV group, whereas in females, the LD RSV group showed the most marked inflammation. Overall, findings highlight neonatal responses are dependent on offspring sex and maternal UFP dose. Importantly, infant RSV pathology may be enhanced following even low dose UFP exposure signifying the importance of preventing maternal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lau
- Department
of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M
University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jonathan C. Behlen
- Department
of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Alexandra Myers
- Department
of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M
University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yixin Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jiayun Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Navada Harvey
- Department
of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Gus Wright
- Department
of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M
University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Department
of Comparative, Diagnostic & Population Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Natalie M. Johnson
- Department
of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
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3
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Han H, Wang L, Xu S, Wang S, Yang M, Han C, Qin Q, Wei S. Characterization of scavenger receptor MARCO in orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 122:446-454. [PMID: 35218969 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) is a scavenger receptor that plays a crucial role in the immune response against microbial infections. To clarify the roles of fish MARCO in Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) infection, we identified and characterized Ec-MARCO in the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). The Ec-MARCO encoded a 370-amino acid protein with transmembrane region, coiled coil region and SR domain, which shared high identities with reported MARCO. The abundant transcriptional level of Ec-MARCO was found in spleen, head kidney and blood. And the Ec-MARCO expression was significantly up-regulated in grouper spleen (GS) cells after infection with SGIV in vitro. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that Ec-MARCO was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and on the cell membrane. Ec-MARCO knockdown in vitro significantly inhibited SGIV infection in GS cells, as evidenced by reduced decreased SGIV major capsid protein (MCP) transcription and MCP protein expression. Further studies showed that Ec-MARCO knockdown positively regulated proinflammatory cytokines and interferon-stimulated genes, and enhanced IFN and ISRE promoter activities. However, overexpression of Ec-MARCO did not affect SGIV entry into host cells. In summary, our results suggested that Ec-MARCO affected SGIV infection by regulating antiviral innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Han
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Suifeng Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Min Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chengzong Han
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Shina Wei
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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4
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Ceneviva ZJ, Norlander AE, Stokes Peebles R. Mouse Models of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2506:19-41. [PMID: 35771461 PMCID: PMC10164290 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2364-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection causes considerable mortality and morbidity in infants and young children. RSV infection appears to elicit a mixed immune response characterized by both Th1-type cells and Th2-type cells. This immune response, along with clinical features such as bronchiolitis, wheezing, and respiratory distress caused by RSV infection, presents similarly to many features of asthma and has led to an investigation into the link between severe RSV infection and asthma. RSV infection in mice is a powerful and useful tool for eliciting a Th2-type-driven immune response, lending mechanistic insight into severe RSV infection. Here we present several materials and methods used for propagating and purifying RSV, infecting mice with RSV, and analyzing samples from RSV-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Ceneviva
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Allison E Norlander
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA.
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SARS-CoV-2 spike promotes inflammation and apoptosis through autophagy by ROS-suppressed PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166260. [PMID: 34461258 PMCID: PMC8390448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection-induced inflammatory responses are largely responsible for the death of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, the mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 triggers inflammatory responses remains unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the regulatory role of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in infected cells and attempted to elucidate the molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation. Methods SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirions (SCV-2-S) were generated using the spike-expressing virus packaging system. Western blot, mCherry-GFP-LC3 labeling, immunofluorescence, and RNA-seq were performed to examine the regulatory mechanism of SCV-2-S in autophagic response. The effects of SCV-2-S on apoptosis were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), Western blot, and flow cytometry analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to examine the mechanism of SCV-2-S in inflammatory responses. Results Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-mediated SCV-2-S infection induced autophagy and apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial and microvascular endothelial cells. Mechanistically, SCV-2-S inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by upregulating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, thus promoting the autophagic response. Ultimately, SCV-2-S-induced autophagy triggered inflammatory responses and apoptosis in infected cells. These findings not only improve our understanding of the mechanism underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced pathogenic inflammation but also have important implications for developing anti-inflammatory therapies, such as ROS and autophagy inhibitors, for COVID-19 patients.
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Carpentier KS, Sheridan RM, Lucas CJ, Davenport BJ, Li FS, Lucas ED, McCarthy MK, Reynoso GV, May NA, Tamburini BAJ, Hesselberth JR, Hickman HD, Morrison TE. MARCO + lymphatic endothelial cells sequester arthritogenic alphaviruses to limit viremia and viral dissemination. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108966. [PMID: 34618370 PMCID: PMC8591538 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Viremia in the vertebrate host is a major determinant of arboviral reservoir competency, transmission efficiency, and disease severity. However, immune mechanisms that control arboviral viremia are poorly defined. Here, we identify critical roles for the scavenger receptor MARCO in controlling viremia during arthritogenic alphavirus infections in mice. Following subcutaneous inoculation, arthritogenic alphavirus particles drain via the lymph and are rapidly captured by MARCO+ lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in the draining lymph node (dLN), limiting viral spread to the bloodstream. Upon reaching the bloodstream, alphavirus particles are cleared from the circulation by MARCO-expressing Kupffer cells in the liver, limiting viremia and further viral dissemination. MARCO-mediated accumulation of alphavirus particles in the draining lymph node and liver is an important host defense mechanism as viremia and viral tissue burdens are elevated in MARCO-/- mice and disease is more severe. In contrast to prior studies implicating a key role for lymph node macrophages in limiting viral dissemination, these findings exemplify a previously unrecognized arbovirus-scavenging role for lymphatic endothelial cells and improve our mechanistic understanding of viremia control during arthritogenic alphavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn S Carpentier
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
| | - Ryan M Sheridan
- RNA Bioscience InitiativeUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
| | - Cormac J Lucas
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
| | - Bennett J Davenport
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
| | - Frances S Li
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
| | - Erin D Lucas
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
| | - Mary K McCarthy
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
| | - Glennys V Reynoso
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis UnitLaboratory of Clinical Microbiology and ImmunologyNational Institutes of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Nicholas A May
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
| | - Beth A J Tamburini
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
| | - Jay R Hesselberth
- RNA Bioscience InitiativeUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
| | - Heather D Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis UnitLaboratory of Clinical Microbiology and ImmunologyNational Institutes of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNIHBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
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Savino F, Pellegrino F, Daprà V, Calvi C, Alliaudi C, Montanari P, Galliano I, Bergallo M. Macrophage Receptor With Collagenous Structure Polymorphism and Recurrent Respiratory Infections and Wheezing During Infancy: A 5-Years Follow-Up Study. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:666423. [PMID: 34386467 PMCID: PMC8353117 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.666423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recurrent wheezing is a common clinical manifestation in childhood, and respiratory syncytial virus infection is a well-known risk factor. However, the genetic background favoring the development of recurrent wheezing is not fully understood. A possible role of macrophage receptor with collagenous gene (MARCO) polymorphism has been recently proposed. Objective: To investigate a correlation between MARCO rs1318645 polymorphisms and susceptibility to recurrent wheezing during childhood. Methods: We prospectively recruited 116 infants, of which 58 with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and 58 controls hospitalized at Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy, between November 2014 and April 2015. All subjects were investigated for MARCO rs1318645 polymorphisms in the first period of life. Genotyping of rs1318645 was carried out by TaqMan mismatch amplification mutation assay real-time polymerase chain reaction procedure. Subjects were then enrolled in a 5-year follow-up study to monitor the occurrence of wheezing and respiratory infections. Results: The analysis of MARCO rs1318645 of allelic frequencies shows an increasingly significant risk to develop recurrent infection (p = 0.00065) and recurrent wheezing (p = 0.000084) with a wild-type C allele compared with a G allele. No correlation was found between wheezing and past respiratory syncytial virus infection (p = 0.057) and for a history of atopy in the family (p = 0.859). Conclusion: Our finding showed that subjects with C allelic MARCO rs1318645 polymorphism are at higher risk for recurrent infection and wheezing episodes during the first 5 years of life. Future studies of genetic associations should also consider other types of polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Savino
- Early Infancy Special Care Unit, Regina Margherita Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Daprà
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Paediatric Laboratory, Medical School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Calvi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Paediatric Laboratory, Medical School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Alliaudi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Paediatric Laboratory, Medical School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Montanari
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Paediatric Laboratory, Medical School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ilaria Galliano
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Paediatric Laboratory, Medical School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bergallo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Paediatric Laboratory, Medical School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Genetic Susceptibility to Life-threatening Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Previously Healthy Infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020; 39:1057-1061. [PMID: 32740454 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic background may be an important host determinant of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease severity, but full characterization of susceptibility genes remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the presence of specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in selected genes codifying for different components of the antiviral innate immune response, to determine their role for developing RSV life-threatening disease (LTD). METHODS Prospective cohort study including previously healthy full-term infants hospitalized with a first RSV infection during 2017-2018. RSV detection, quantification and subgroup determination, and genotyping for SNPs in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4 rs4986790, rs4986791), Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8 rs3761624), macrophage receptor with collagenous structure(MARCO rs1318645) and myxovirus resistance 1(MX1 rs469390) were performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in nasopharyngeal aspirates obtained on admission. Patients with LTD were those admitted to the intensive care unit requiring ventilatory support. RESULTS Seventy-five patients were studied, 15 (20%) developed LTD. Infants with concurrent SNPs in MX1 and TLR8, MARCO and TLR8 or MARCO, MX1 and TLR8 had an increased risk of developing LTD. Multivariable logistic regression analysis confirmed this significant association (odds ratio [OR] = 3.75, P = 0.046; OR = 3.92, P = 0.040; OR = 5.56, P = 0.010, respectively). No differences were seen in viral load of patients with LTD compared with those with better outcome (P = 0.737). In addition, no differences in viral load were seen in patients with the described high-risk SNPs compared with those without these polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS Life-threatening RSV infection in previously healthy infants was significantly associated with the presence of combined SNPs in MARCO, MX1 and TLR8.
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Menendez D, Snipe J, Marzec J, Innes CL, Polack FP, Caballero MT, Schurman SH, Kleeberger SR, Resnick MA. p53-responsive TLR8 SNP enhances human innate immune response to respiratory syncytial virus. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4875-4884. [PMID: 31430261 DOI: 10.1172/jci128626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) has an important role in innate immune responses to RNA viral infections, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We previously reported that TLR8 expression was increased directly by the tumor suppressor and transcription factor p53 via a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs3761624) in the TLR8 promoter, thereby placing TLR8 in the p53/immune axis. Because this SNP is in linkage disequilibrium with other SNPs associated with several infectious diseases, we addressed the combined influence of p53 and the SNP on downstream inflammatory signaling in response to a TLR8 cognate ssRNA ligand. Using human primary lymphocytes, p53 induction by chemotherapeutic agents such as ionizing radiation caused SNP-dependent synergistic increases in IL-6 following incubation with an ssRNA ligand, as well as TLR8 RNA and protein expression along with p53 binding at the TLR-p53 SNP site. Because TLR8 is X-linked, the increases were generally reduced in heterozygous females. We found a corresponding association of the p53-responsive allele with RSV disease severity in infants hospitalized with RSV infection. We conclude that p53 can strongly influence TLR8-mediated immune responses and that knowledge of the p53-responsive SNP can inform diagnosis and prognosis of RSV disease and other diseases that might have a TLR8 component, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Menendez
- Genome Integrity & Structural Biology Laboratory.,Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory and
| | - Joyce Snipe
- Genome Integrity & Structural Biology Laboratory
| | | | - Cynthia L Innes
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Shepherd H Schurman
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Galliano I, Daprà V, Ciferri F, Montanari P, Calvi C, Alliaudi C, Savino F, Bergallo M. TaqMAMA assay polymerase chain reaction real time for allelic discrimination of Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure rs1318645 polymorphism. MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.19.02567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Marzec J, Cho HY, High M, McCaw ZR, Polack F, Kleeberger SR. Toll-like receptor 4-mediated respiratory syncytial virus disease and lung transcriptomics in differentially susceptible inbred mouse strains. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:630-643. [PMID: 31736414 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00101.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants, young children, and susceptible adults. The pathogenesis of RSV disease is not fully understood, although toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-related innate immune response is known to play a role. The present study was designed to determine TLR4-mediated disease phenotypes and lung transcriptomics and to elucidate transcriptional mechanisms underlying differential RSV susceptibility in inbred strains of mice. Dominant negative Tlr4 mutant (C3H/HeJ, HeJ, Tlr4Lps-d) and its wild-type (C3H/HeOuJ, OuJ, Tlr4Lps-n) mice and five genetically diverse, differentially responsive strains bearing the wild-type Tlr4Lps-n allele were infected with RSV. Bronchoalveolar lavage, histopathology, and genome-wide transcriptomics were used to characterize the pulmonary response to RSV. RSV-induced lung neutrophilia [1 day postinfection (pi)], epithelial proliferation (1 day pi), and lymphocytic infiltration (5 days pi) were significantly lower in HeJ compared with OuJ mice. Pulmonary RSV expression was also significantly suppressed in HeJ than in OuJ. Upregulation of immune/inflammatory (Cxcl3, Saa1) and heat shock protein (Hspa1a, Hsph1) genes was characteristic of OuJ mice, while cell cycle and cell death/survival genes were modulated in HeJ mice following RSV infection. Strain-specific transcriptomics suggested virus-responsive (Oasl1, Irg1, Mx1) and epidermal differentiation complex (Krt4, Lce3a) genes may contribute to TLR4-independent defense against RSV in resistant strains including C57BL/6J. The data indicate that TLR4 contributes to pulmonary RSV pathogenesis and activation of cellular immunity, the inflammasome complex, and vascular damage underlies it. Distinct transcriptomics in differentially responsive Tlr4-wild-type strains provide new insights into the mechanism of RSV disease and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui Marzec
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Hye-Youn Cho
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Monica High
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.,Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Zachary R McCaw
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Fernando Polack
- Fundación INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Steven R Kleeberger
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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Carpentier KS, Davenport BJ, Haist KC, McCarthy MK, May NA, Robison A, Ruckert C, Ebel GD, Morrison TE. Discrete viral E2 lysine residues and scavenger receptor MARCO are required for clearance of circulating alphaviruses. eLife 2019; 8:e49163. [PMID: 31596239 PMCID: PMC6839921 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnitude and duration of vertebrate viremia is a critical determinant of arbovirus transmission, geographic spread, and disease severity. We find that multiple alphaviruses, including chikungunya (CHIKV), Ross River (RRV), and o'nyong 'nyong (ONNV) viruses, are cleared from the circulation of mice by liver Kupffer cells, impeding viral dissemination. Clearance from the circulation was independent of natural antibodies or complement factor C3, and instead relied on scavenger receptor SR-A6 (MARCO). Remarkably, lysine to arginine substitutions at distinct residues within the E2 glycoproteins of CHIKV and ONNV (E2 K200R) as well as RRV (E2 K251R) allowed for escape from clearance and enhanced viremia and dissemination. Mutational analysis revealed that viral clearance from the circulation is strictly dependent on the presence of lysine at these positions. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized innate immune pathway that controls alphavirus viremia and dissemination in vertebrate hosts, ultimately influencing disease severity and likely transmission efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn S Carpentier
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Bennett J Davenport
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Kelsey C Haist
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Mary K McCarthy
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Nicholas A May
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Alexis Robison
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
| | - Claudia Ruckert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
| | - Gregory D Ebel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
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13
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Coultas JA, Smyth R, Openshaw PJ. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV): a scourge from infancy to old age. Thorax 2019; 74:986-993. [PMID: 31383776 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-212212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common single cause of respiratory hospitalisation of infants and is the second largest cause of lower respiratory infection mortality worldwide. In adults, RSV is an under-recognised cause of deterioration in health, particularly in frail elderly persons. Infection rates typically rise in late autumn and early winter causing bronchiolitis in infants, common colds in adults and insidious respiratory illness in the elderly. Virus detection methods optimised for use in children have low detection rate in adults, highlighting the need for better diagnostic tests. There are many vaccines under development, mostly based on the surface glycoprotein F which exists in two conformations (prefusion and postfusion). Much of the neutralising antibody appears to be to the prefusion form. Vaccines being developed include live attenuated, subunit, particle based and live vectored agents. Different vaccine strategies may be appropriate for different target populations: at-risk infants, school-age children, adult caregivers and the elderly. Antiviral drugs are in clinical trial and may find a place in disease management. RSV disease is one of the major remaining common tractable challenges in infectious diseases and the era of vaccines and antivirals for RSV is on the near horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosalind Smyth
- Director of the Insitute and Professor of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, UCL, London, UK
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14
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Antunes KH, Fachi JL, de Paula R, da Silva EF, Pral LP, Dos Santos AÁ, Dias GBM, Vargas JE, Puga R, Mayer FQ, Maito F, Zárate-Bladés CR, Ajami NJ, Sant'Ana MR, Candreva T, Rodrigues HG, Schmiele M, Silva Clerici MTP, Proença-Modena JL, Vieira AT, Mackay CR, Mansur D, Caballero MT, Marzec J, Li J, Wang X, Bell D, Polack FP, Kleeberger SR, Stein RT, Vinolo MAR, de Souza APD. Microbiota-derived acetate protects against respiratory syncytial virus infection through a GPR43-type 1 interferon response. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3273. [PMID: 31332169 PMCID: PMC6646332 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants <2 years-old. Here we describe that high-fiber diet protects mice from RSV infection. This effect was dependent on intestinal microbiota and production of acetate. Oral administration of acetate mediated interferon-β (IFN-β) response by increasing expression of interferon-stimulated genes in the lung. These effects were associated with reduction of viral load and pulmonary inflammation in RSV-infected mice. Type 1 IFN signaling via the IFN-1 receptor (IFNAR) was essential for acetate antiviral activity in pulmonary epithelial cell lines and for the acetate protective effect in RSV-infected mice. Activation of Gpr43 in pulmonary epithelial cells reduced virus-induced cytotoxicity and promoted antiviral effects through IFN-β response. The effect of acetate on RSV infection was abolished in Gpr43−/− mice. Our findings reveal antiviral effects of acetate involving IFN-β in lung epithelial cells and engagement of GPR43 and IFNAR. Dietary fibers and SCFAs can exert a protective effect against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Here, the authors report that microbiota-derived acetate protects mice against RSV infection via GPR43- mediated type 1 interferon response induction in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krist Helen Antunes
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - José Luís Fachi
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology - Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083007, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosemeire de Paula
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology - Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083007, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle Fraga da Silva
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Laís Passariello Pral
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology - Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083007, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adara Áurea Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Imunobiology, Departament of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, 88040900, Brazil
| | - Greicy Brisa Malaquias Dias
- Laboratory of Imunobiology, Departament of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, 88040900, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Vargas
- Biological Science Institute (ICB), Passo Fundo University, Passo Fundo, 99052900, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renato Puga
- Clinical Research Center, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein HIAE, São Paulo, 05652900, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor, Agricultural Diagnosis and Research Department, Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Eldorado do Sul, 92990000, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio Maito
- Laboratory of Pathology, Healthy Science School, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Zárate-Bladés
- Laboratory of Iimmunoregulation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianopolis, 8804900, SC, Brazil
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marcella Ramos Sant'Ana
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, 13484350, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thamiris Candreva
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, 13484350, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hosana Gomes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, 13484350, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Schmiele
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Teófilo Otoni, 39803371, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Pedrosa Silva Clerici
- Department of Food Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, 13083970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Proença-Modena
- Emerging viruses study Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083970, Brazil
| | - Angélica Thomas Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270901, MG, Brazil
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Biodiscovery Research Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel Mansur
- Laboratory of Imunobiology, Departament of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, 88040900, Brazil
| | | | - Jacqui Marzec
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle, Durham, 27709, NC, USA
| | - Jianying Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle, Durham, 27709, NC, USA
| | - Xuting Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle, Durham, 27709, NC, USA
| | - Douglas Bell
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle, Durham, 27709, NC, USA
| | - Fernando P Polack
- Fundación INFANT, Buenos Aires, 1406, Argentina.,Vanderbilt University, EUA, Nashville, 37240, TN, USA
| | - Steven R Kleeberger
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle, Durham, 27709, NC, USA
| | - Renato T Stein
- Infant Center, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, São Lucas Hospital PUCRS, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology - Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083007, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Duarte de Souza
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, RS, Brazil. .,School of Heath Science, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, RS, Brazil.
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15
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Ballester-López C, Conlon TM, Ertüz Z, Greiffo FR, Irmler M, Verleden SE, Beckers J, Fernandez IE, Eickelberg O, Yildirim AÖ. The Notch ligand DNER regulates macrophage IFNγ release in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. EBioMedicine 2019; 43:562-575. [PMID: 31060902 PMCID: PMC6562022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide with no curative therapy. A non-canonical Notch ligand, DNER, has been recently identified in GWAS to associate with COPD severity, but its function and contribution to COPD is unknown. METHODS DNER localisation was assessed in lung tissue from healthy and COPD patients, and cigarette smoke (CS) exposed mice. Microarray analysis was performed on WT and DNER deficient M1 and M2 bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM), and gene set enrichment undertaken. WT and DNER deficient mice were exposed to CS or filtered air for 3 day and 2 months to assess IFNγ-expressing macrophages and emphysema development. Notch and NFKB active subunits were quantified in WT and DNER deficient LPS-treated and untreated BMDM. FINDINGS Immunofluorescence staining revealed DNER localised to macrophages in lung tissue from COPD patients and mice. Human and murine macrophages showed enhanced DNER expression in response to inflammation. Interestingly, pro-inflammatory DNER deficient BMDMs exhibited impaired NICD1/NFKB dependent IFNγ signalling and reduced nuclear NICD1/NFKB translocation. Furthermore, decreased IFNγ production and Notch1 activation in recruited macrophages from CS exposed DNER deficient mice were observed, protecting against emphysema and lung dysfunction. INTERPRETATION DNER is a novel protein induced in COPD patients and 6 months CS-exposed mice that regulates IFNγ secretion via non-canonical Notch in pro-inflammatory recruited macrophages. These results provide a new pathway involved in COPD immunity that could contribute to the discovery of innovative therapeutic targets. FUNDING This work was supported from the Helmholtz Alliance 'Aging and Metabolic Programming, AMPro'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ballester-López
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas M Conlon
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Zeynep Ertüz
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Flavia R Greiffo
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics (IEG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics (IEG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Isis E Fernandez
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.
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16
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Novakowski KE, Yap NVL, Yin C, Sakamoto K, Heit B, Golding GB, Bowdish DME. Human-Specific Mutations and Positively Selected Sites in MARCO Confer Functional Changes. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 35:440-450. [PMID: 29165618 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage Receptor with COllagenous structure (MARCO) is a class A scavenger receptor that binds, phagocytoses, and modifies inflammatory responses to bacterial pathogens. Multiple candidate gene approach studies have shown that polymorphisms in MARCO are associated with susceptibility or resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, but how these variants alter function is not known. To complement candidate gene approach studies, we previously used phylogenetic analyses to identify a residue, glutamine 452 (Q452), within the ligand-binding Scavenger Receptor Cysteine Rich domain as undergoing positive selection in humans. Herein, we show that Q452 is found in Denisovans, Neanderthals, and extant humans, but all other nonprimate, terrestrial, and aquatic mammals possess an aspartic acid (D452) residue. Further analysis of hominoid sequences of MARCO identified an additional human-specific mutation, phenylalanine 282 (F282), within the collagenous domain. We show that residue 282 is polymorphic in humans, but only 17% of individuals (rs6761637) possess the ancestral serine residue at position 282. We show that rs6761637 is in linkage disequilibrium with MARCO polymorphisms that have been previously linked to susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis. To assess the functional importance of sites Q452 and F282 in humans, we cloned the ancestral residues and loss-of-function mutations and investigated the role of these residues in binding and internalizing polystyrene microspheres and Escherichia coli. Herein, we show that the residues at sites 452 and 282 enhance receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle E Novakowski
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas V L Yap
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Charles Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and The Centre for Human Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kaori Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and The Centre for Human Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - G Brian Golding
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dawn M E Bowdish
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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17
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Tahamtan A, Askari FS, Bont L, Salimi V. Disease severity in respiratory syncytial virus infection: Role of host genetic variation. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2026. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tahamtan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine; Golestan University of Medical Sciences; Gorgan Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine; Golestan University of Medical Sciences; Gorgan Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sana Askari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine; Golestan University of Medical Sciences; Gorgan Iran
| | - Louis Bont
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht Netherlands
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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18
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Han M, Rajput C, Ishikawa T, Jarman CR, Lee J, Hershenson MB. Small Animal Models of Respiratory Viral Infection Related to Asthma. Viruses 2018; 10:E682. [PMID: 30513770 PMCID: PMC6316391 DOI: 10.3390/v10120682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections are strongly associated with asthma exacerbations. Rhinovirus is most frequently-detected pathogen; followed by respiratory syncytial virus; metapneumovirus; parainfluenza virus; enterovirus and coronavirus. In addition; viral infection; in combination with genetics; allergen exposure; microbiome and other pathogens; may play a role in asthma development. In particular; asthma development has been linked to wheezing-associated respiratory viral infections in early life. To understand underlying mechanisms of viral-induced airways disease; investigators have studied respiratory viral infections in small animals. This report reviews animal models of human respiratory viral infection employing mice; rats; guinea pigs; hamsters and ferrets. Investigators have modeled asthma exacerbations by infecting mice with allergic airways disease. Asthma development has been modeled by administration of virus to immature animals. Small animal models of respiratory viral infection will identify cell and molecular targets for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Han
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Charu Rajput
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Tomoko Ishikawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Caitlin R Jarman
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Julie Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Marc B Hershenson
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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19
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Verhein KC, Vellers HL, Kleeberger SR. Inter-individual variation in health and disease associated with pulmonary infectious agents. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:38-47. [PMID: 29353387 PMCID: PMC5851710 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory infectious diseases resulting from bacterial or viral pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), or influenza, are major global public health concerns. Lower respiratory tract infections are leading causes of morbidity and mortality, only behind ischemic heart disease and stroke (GBD 2015 LRI Collaborators in Lancet Infect Dis 17(11):1133–1161, 2017). Developing countries are particularly impacted by these diseases. However, while many are infected with viruses such as RSV (> 90% of all individuals are infected by age 2), only sub-populations develop severe disease. Many factors may contribute to the inter-individual variation in response to respiratory infections, including gender, age, socioeconomic status, nutrition, and genetic background. Association studies with functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in biologically plausible gene candidates have been performed in human populations to provide insight to the molecular genetic contribution to pulmonary infections and disease severity. In vitro cell models and genome-wide association studies in animal models of genetic susceptibility to respiratory infections have also identified novel candidate susceptibility genes, some of which have also been found to contribute to disease susceptibility in human populations. Genetic background may also contribute to differential efficacy of vaccines against respiratory infections. Development of new genetic mouse models such as the collaborative cross and diversity outbred mice should provide additional insight to the mechanisms of genetic susceptibility to respiratory infections. Continued investigation of susceptibility factors should provide insight to novel strategies to prevent and treat disease that contributes to global morbidity and mortality attributed to respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten C Verhein
- Inflammation, Immunity, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
- Inflammation, Immunity, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr., Building 101, Rm. D240, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Heather L Vellers
- Inflammation, Immunity, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Steven R Kleeberger
- Inflammation, Immunity, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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20
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A 2-year-old girl with chronic crackles after respiratory syncytial virus infection: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2018; 12:258. [PMID: 30205845 PMCID: PMC6134501 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. While the majority of infants display only mild upper respiratory tract infection or occasionally otitis media, around one-third will develop an infection of the lower respiratory tract, usually bronchiolitis. There is now convincing evidence from a number of cohorts that respiratory syncytial virus is a significant, independent risk factor for later wheezing, at least within the first decade of life. The wide variation in response to respiratory syncytial virus infection suggests that susceptibility and disease are influenced by multiple host-intrinsic factors. Case presentation A 2-year-old white girl presented to our Pediatric Allergy Clinic with recurrent crackles in addition to cough, fevers, and labored breathing since her first respiratory syncytial virus infection at the age of 7 months. She had been under the care of pulmonologists, who suspected childhood interstitial lung disease. She was hospitalized eight times due to exacerbation of symptoms and prescribed systemic and inhaled steroids, short-acting β2-mimetics, and antileukotriene. There was no short-term clinical improvement at that time between hospitalizations. During her hospital stay at the Pneumonology and Cystic Fibrosis Department in Rabka a bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. Laboratory bacteriological tests found high colony count of Moraxella catarrhalis (β-lactamase positive), sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanate, in bronchial secretions and swabs from her nose. After this, infections were treated with antibiotics; she remained in good condition without symptoms. Crackles and wheezing recurred only during symptoms of infections. Therefore, we hypothesize that respiratory syncytial virus infection at an early age might cause severe damage of the lung epithelium and prolonged clinical symptoms, mainly crackles and wheezing, each time the child has a respiratory infection. Conclusions This case illustrates the importance of respiratory syncytial virus infection in an immunocompetent child. Pediatricians need to have a high index of suspicion and knowledge of recurrent symptoms associated with severe damage of the lung epithelium to establish the correct diagnosis.
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21
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Dua K, Hansbro NG, Hansbro PM. Steroid resistance and concomitant respiratory infections: A challenging battle in pulmonary clinic. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:981-985. [PMID: 28900378 PMCID: PMC5579404 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology,Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, J Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Nicole G. Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, J Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, J Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
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