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Richardson R, Connell T, Foster M, Blamires J, Keshoor S, Moir C, Zeng IS. Risk and Protective Factors of Self-harm and Suicidality in Adolescents: An Umbrella Review with Meta-Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1301-1322. [PMID: 38564099 PMCID: PMC11045640 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Suicide remains the second most common cause of death in young people aged 10-24 years and is a growing concern globally. The literature reports a vast number of factors that can predispose an adolescent to suicidality at an individual, relational, community, or societal level. There is limited high-level research identifying and understanding these risk and protective factors of adolescent suicidality. The present study used an umbrella review and meta-analysis to synthesize evidence from the review literature in the past 20 years on risk and protective factors of self-harm and suicidality (behavior and ideation) in adolescents. The umbrella review included 33 quantitative reviews with 1149 individual studies on suicidality and self-harm. Based on the data synthesis, it compared the public health impact of exposure on the population of the identified exposure. Bullying victimization was the most attributed environmental exposure for suicidality. The other identified significant school and individual factors were sleeping disturbance, school absenteeism, and exposure to antidepressants. Several significant vulnerable young populations were identified with significantly higher prevalence of suicidality, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (or questioning) youth and those with mental health disorders, problem behaviors, previous suicidality, self-harm, and gender (female). A person-centered approach emphasizing connectedness and bully-free school environments should be a priority focus for schools, health professionals, and public health policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Richardson
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Research Office, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Culture and Society, School of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tanya Connell
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, School of Nursing, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mandie Foster
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, School of Nursing, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Midwifery and Nursing, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Julie Blamires
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, School of Nursing, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Smita Keshoor
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, School of Oral Health, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris Moir
- Centre for Postgraduate Nursing Studies, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Irene Suilan Zeng
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Research Office, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Casares MÁ, Díez-Gómez A, Pérez-Albéniz A, Lucas-Molina B, Fonseca-Pedrero E. Screening for anxiety in adolescents: Validation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7 in a representative sample of adolescents. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:331-338. [PMID: 38490592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
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Mkhize M, van der Westhuizen C, Sorsdahl K. Prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety among young school-going adolescents in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 131:152469. [PMID: 38461564 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Between 10 and 20% of children and adolescents globally experience common mental health conditions such as depression or anxiety. Given the dearth of mental health services in low- and middle-income countries, most mental health conditions among adolescents remain undiagnosed and untreated. In South Africa, few studies have explored the prevalence of depression and anxiety among young adolescents aged 10-14 years. This study examined the prevalence of, and factors associated with depression and anxiety among young school-going adolescents in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 schools in the Western Cape Province from February to July 2022. Data were collected using a tablet-based survey and included sociodemographic items, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents (PHQ-A) and other psychosocial measures. The prevalence of depression and anxiety was estimated based on cut-off scores for the GAD-7 and PHQ-A. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, and depression and anxiety. RESULTS Of the 621 adolescents, 33.5% (n = 208) reported experiencing symptoms of depression and 20.9% (n = 130) symptoms of anxiety potentially indicative of a diagnosis. The results of the multivariable logistic regression model indicate that being in a higher grade in school (AOR = 1.65, CI:1.43-1.92), any lifetime alcohol use (AOR = 1.62, CI:1.04-2.64), other drug use (AOR = 2.07, CI:1.06-4.04), and witnessing violence among adults at home (AOR = 2.12, CI:1.07-1.41) were significantly associated with experiencing depressive symptoms. Being in a higher grade in school (AOR = 1.69, CI: 1.42-2.01), poor emotional regulation skills (AOR = 1.03, CI: 1.00-1.07), and the use of cannabis (AOR = 1.03, CI: 1.00-1.07) were significantly associated with experiencing anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION These findings add to our understanding of school-going adolescents' pressing mental health needs and suggest that mental health adolescent and caregiver interventions may be required to address mental health symptoms and associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirriam Mkhize
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Claire van der Westhuizen
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katherine Sorsdahl
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Park E, Lee HY. The residential, area-specific prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation among South Korean adolescents. Prev Med Rep 2024; 41:102698. [PMID: 38560594 PMCID: PMC10979118 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the residential, area-specific prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation among adolescents in South Korea, based on nationally representative data. Methods A secondary analysis was performed using the database of the 17th Korean Youth Health Behavior Survey, which contained data from 54,848 adolescents. Results Female adolescents (more influential in counties), low economic status (more influential in metropolitan cities), perceived stress (more influential in metropolitan cities), depression (more influential in counties), loneliness (more influential in counties), and anxiety (more influential in counties) were influencing factors in all areas, and the factors associated with suicidal ideation differed by residential area. The factors related to suicidal ideation were similar by residential area, but the degree of relevance differed from area to area; in particular, the prevalence of variables related to mental health (depression, loneliness, and anxiety) was high in counties. Alcohol drinking was significant only in small- and medium-sized cities in terms of suicidal ideation. Conclusion Suicide prevention programs for adolescents should be implemented given the higher incidence of suicidal ideation among female adolescents, the greater influence of mental health-related variables in counties, and the influence of smoking in cities. There were differences in the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal ideation by residential areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunok Park
- College of Nursing, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 63243, South Korea
| | - Hyo Young Lee
- Department of Health Administration, Dongseo University, 47 Jurye-ro, Sasang-gu, Busan, 47011, South Korea
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Dumont R, Lorthe E, Richard V, Loizeau A, Fernandez G, De Ridder D, Pennacchio F, Lamour J, Zaballa ME, Baysson H, Posfay-Barbe KM, Barbe RP, Stringhini S, Guessous I. Prevalence of and risk factors for suicidal ideation in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Swiss Med Wkly 2024; 154:3461. [PMID: 38679958 DOI: 10.57187/s.3461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pandemic-related life changes may have had a deleterious impact on suicidal behaviours. Early detection of suicidal ideation and identification of subgroups at increased risk could help prevent suicide, one of the leading causes of death among adolescents worldwide. Here, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for suicidal ideation in adolescents using a population-based sample from Switzerland, two years into the pandemic. METHODS Between December 2021 and June 2022, adolescents aged 14 to 17 years already enrolled in a population-based cohort study (State of Geneva, Switzerland) were asked about suicidal ideation over the previous year. In addition to a regression model, we conducted a network analysis of exposures which identified direct and indirect risk factors for suicidal ideation (i.e. those connected through intermediate risk factors) using mixed graphical models. RESULTS Among 492 adolescents, 14.4% (95% CI: 11.5-17.8) declared having experienced suicidal ideation over the previous year. Using network analysis, we found that high psychological distress, low self-esteem, identifying as lesbian, gay or bisexual, suffering from bullying, extensive screen time and a severe COVID-19 pandemic impact were major risk factors for suicidal ideation, with parent-adolescent relationship having the highest centrality strength in the network. CONCLUSION Our results show that a significant proportion of adolescents experience suicidal ideation, yet these rates are comparable with pre-pandemic results. Providing psychological support is fundamental, with a focus on improving parent-adolescent relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Dumont
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elsa Lorthe
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Viviane Richard
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Loizeau
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Fernandez
- Institute of Sociological Research, Faculty of Sociology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David De Ridder
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Group of Geographic Information Research and Analysis in Population Health, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Pennacchio
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Lamour
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - María-Eugenia Zaballa
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Helene Baysson
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Klara M Posfay-Barbe
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child, and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Remy P Barbe
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Woman, Child, and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- University Center for General Medicine and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Idris Guessous
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Pang Y, Li W, Song C. Longitudinal associations between self-compassion, depression, and suicidal ideation in adolescent boys and girls. Stress Health 2024:e3403. [PMID: 38625789 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to elucidate associations among self-compassion, depression, and suicidal ideation, particularly with respect to gender differences. Using a multigroup cross-lagged panel model, we conducted a longitudinal evaluation of 424 Chinese adolescents (55.85% boys; Mage = 18.02, SD = 0.73 at baseline). Our findings indicated that suicidal ideation at T1 positively predicted depression 6 months later, while negatively predicted self-compassion. However, self-compassion negatively predicted depression 6 months later, specifically in boys, but not in girls. Furthermore, self-compassion significantly mediated the relationship between suicidal ideation at T1 and depression at T2. This study helps to uncover the underlying relationships between self-compassion, depression, and suicidal ideation, and also provide a detailed insight into the differential effects of self-compassion on depression among boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Pang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- School of Economics and Management, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wanjun Li
- Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, China
| | - Chao Song
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Havers L, Shuai R, Fonagy P, Fazel M, Morgan C, Fancourt D, McCrone P, Smuk M, Bhui K, Shakoor S, Hosang GM. Youth adversity and trajectories of depression/anxiety symptoms in adolescence in the context of intersectionality in the United Kingdom. Psychol Med 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38623689 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth adversity is associated with persistence of depression and anxiety symptoms. This association may be greater for disadvantaged societal groups (such as females) compared with advantaged groups (e.g. males). Given that persistent symptoms are observed across a range of disadvantaged, minoritized, and neurodivergent groups (e.g. low compared with high socio-economic status [SES]), the intersection of individual characteristics may be an important moderator of inequality. METHODS Data from HeadStart Cornwall (N = 4441) was used to assess the effect of youth adversity on combined symptoms of depression and anxiety (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire emotional problems subscale) measured at three time-points in 11-14-year-olds. Latent trajectories and regressions were estimated for eight intersectionality profiles (based on gender, SES, and hyperactivity/inattention), and moderating effects of the individual characteristics and their intersections were estimated. RESULTS Youth adversity was associated with higher average depression/anxiety symptoms at baseline (11-12-years) across all intersectionality profiles. The magnitude of effects differed across profiles, with suggestive evidence for a moderating effect of youth adversity on change over time in depression/anxiety symptoms attributable to the intersection between (i) gender and SES; and (ii) gender, SES, and hyperactivity/inattention. CONCLUSIONS The detrimental effects of youth adversity pervade across intersectionality profiles. The extent to which these effects are moderated by intersectionality is discussed in terms of operational factors. The current results provide a platform for further research, which is needed to determine the importance of intersectionality as a moderator of youth adversity on the development of depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Havers
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ruichong Shuai
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mina Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Craig Morgan
- Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul McCrone
- Institute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Melanie Smuk
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Kamaldeep Bhui
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, and Wadham College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health, Oxford and East London NHS Foundation Trusts, London, UK
- World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Sania Shakoor
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Georgina M Hosang
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
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Almidani S, Abo Hilal M, Alghadban M, Abou Helal O, Alkourdi M, Kannan J, Ekzayez A, Patel P, El Achi N. Demographics and risk factors for suicide in Syria: A retrospective media content analysis of online news sources. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2024; 11:e50. [PMID: 38690572 PMCID: PMC11058519 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2024.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the Syrian conflict in 2011, Syrians have faced violence and displacement causing an increase in mental health issues. The COVID-19 pandemic, the 2023 earthquake, and deteriorating living conditions have exacerbated these issues. Suicide in Syria remains an under-researched topic since accurate data are difficult to obtain. In this study, we aimed to explore the demographics and risk factors of suicide in Syria by performing a retrospective content analysis of selected online news (media) outlets from across Syria. Twelve news outlets from the three regions of Syria were selected and news of suicide cases were searched retrospectively. The age range was between 9 and 79 years old with the average age being 27.1 ± SD 5.9 years. The most reported causes of suicide were harsh living conditions (18.5%) and relationship problems (18.3%). The most common method of suicide was hanging followed by using firearms. More suicides occurred at night and in the summer and spring seasons. Based on our study's results, young adult, male, unmarried, individuals in rural settings and northern governorates were at the highest risk of suicide in Syria. This study highlights the urgent need for mental health interventions that address the unique challenges faced by Syrians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Almidani
- Research for Health Systems Strengthening in Syria (R4HSSS) and the Centre for Conflict and Health Research (CCHR), Department of War Studies, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Abdulkarim Ekzayez
- Research for Health Systems Strengthening in Syria (R4HSSS) and the Centre for Conflict and Health Research (CCHR), Department of War Studies, King’s College London, London, UK
- Syria Public Health Network, London, UK
| | - Preeti Patel
- Research for Health Systems Strengthening in Syria (R4HSSS) and the Centre for Conflict and Health Research (CCHR), Department of War Studies, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Nassim El Achi
- Research for Health Systems Strengthening in Syria (R4HSSS) and the Centre for Conflict and Health Research (CCHR), Department of War Studies, King’s College London, London, UK
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Gebreegziabher ZA, Eristu R, Molla A. Determinants of adolescents' depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms in Northwest Ethiopia: A non-recursive structural equation modeling. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0281571. [PMID: 38598540 PMCID: PMC11006201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In low and middle-income countries, adolescent mental health is not only a major public health challenge but also a development concern. Depression and anxiety are the most common mental health disorders and somatic symptoms often co-exist with them. Adolescents with common mental health problems are associated with an increased risk of suicide, future unemployment, and poor quality of life. However, little is known about the mental health of adolescents in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the determinants of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms among adolescents in Northwest Ethiopia, in 2022. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 8 to 24, 2022. Two-stage stratified random sampling was used to select 1407 adolescents in Northwest Ethiopia. Structured and standardized self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data. Non-recursive structural equation modeling was employed to assess the direct, indirect, and total effects of predictors. Adjusted regression coefficients and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used to interpret the strength of the association. RESULTS The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms were 28.21% (95% CI: 25.8, 31%), 25.05% (95%CI: 22.8, 27.5), and 25.24(95% CI: 23, 27.6%) respectively. Alcohol use had a significant positive effect on depression [β = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.073, 0.201], anxiety [β = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.041, 0.188], and somatic symptoms [β = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.062, 0.211]. Stress had a significant positive effect on depression [β = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.642, 0.900], anxiety [β = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.955, 1.264], and somatic symptoms [β = 086, 95% C: 0.700, 1.025]. Depression had a direct positive effect on anxiety [β = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.508, 1.010]. CONCLUSION In this study, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms was moderate. Alcohol use and stress were significantly related to depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. The bidirectional relationship between anxiety and depression was significant. Therefore, public health interventions should focus on the bidirectional relationship between depression and anxiety, as well as on identified factors to reduce the burden of mental illness in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenebe Abebe Gebreegziabher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Rediet Eristu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ayenew Molla
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Xu MM, Qiu WH, Ma QY, Yu ZY, Yang WM, Hu TN, Guo Y, Chen XY. Improving precision management of anxiety disorders: a Mendelian randomization study targeting specific gut microbiota and associated metabolites. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1380912. [PMID: 38655090 PMCID: PMC11035889 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1380912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing evidence of associations between the gut microbiota and anxiety disorders, where changes in gut microbiotas may affect brain function and behavior via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, population-level studies offering a higher level of evidence for causality are lacking. Our aim was to investigate the specific gut microbiota and associated metabolites that are closely related to anxiety disorders to provide mechanistic insights and novel management perspectives for anxiety disorders. Method This study used summary-level data from publicly available Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) for 119 bacterial genera and the phenotype "All anxiety disorders" to reveal the causal effects of gut microbiota on anxiety disorders and identify specific bacterial genera associated with anxiety disorders. A two-sample, bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) design was deployed, followed by comprehensive sensitivity analyses to validate the robustness of results. We further conducted multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis to investigate the potential impact of neurotransmitter-associated metabolites, bacteria-associated dietary patterns, drug use or alcohol consumption, and lifestyle factors such as smoking and physical activity on the observed associations. Results Bidirectional MR analysis identified three bacterial genera causally related to anxiety disorders: the genus Eubacterium nodatum group and genus Ruminococcaceae UCG011 were protective, while the genus Ruminococcaceae UCG011 was associated with an increased risk of anxiety disorders. Further MVMR suggested that a metabolite-dependent mechanism, primarily driven by tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, glycine and cortisol, which is consistent with previous research findings, probably played a significant role in mediating the effects of these bacterial genera to anxiety disorders. Furthermore, modifying dietary pattern such as salt, sugar and processed meat intake, and adjusting smoking state and physical activity levels, appears to be the effective approaches for targeting specific gut microbiota to manage anxiety disorders. Conclusion Our findings offer potential avenues for developing precise and effective management approaches for anxiety disorders by targeting specific gut microbiota and associated metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Min Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hui Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yu Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yun Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Miao Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Nuo Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Moon DS, Chung US, Kwack YS, Kim BN, Kang NR. Analyzing Co-Occurrence of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury With Suicidal Ideation and Related Factors Among Adolescents in Jeju Island. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2024; 35:119-126. [PMID: 38601107 PMCID: PMC11001503 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.230054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behavior, including suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts, are important predictors of suicide in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the associations between NSSI, SI, NSSI+SI, mental health problems, and family factors in Korean adolescents in Jeju Island, with an emphasis on key findings. Methods A total of 561 adolescents completed self-report questionnaires regarding demographics, NSSI, SI, suicidal behavior, perceived family functioning, and mental health problems, which were assessed using Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children, Screen for Children Anxiety-Related Disorders (SCARED), and Youth Self-Report (YSR). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, chi-square test, post-hoc analyses, and multivariate logistic regression. Results In this study, 22.3% of adolescents reported either NSSI or SI, with 5.5% reporting NSSI and 20.7% reporting SI. Combined (NSSI+SI) group showed a significantly higher SCARED score, anxiety/depression, thought problems, attention problem, and rule breaking on YSR than did the SI only group. Higher level of depression and anxiety were significantly associated with NSSI and SI. Female sex and perceived family dissatisfaction were significantly associated factors for SI, but not for NSSI in multivariate logistic regression. Conclusion This study provides insights into the clinical characteristics and associated factors among adolescents with NSSI, SI, and NSSI+SI in Jeju Island. Identifying these results can inform the development of targeted prevention and intervention strategies to mitigate the negative consequences of these behaviors and contribute to a better understanding of the role of family in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Soo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Un-Sun Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Children’s Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Sook Kwack
- Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Ri Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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12
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VanWormer JJ, Berg RL, Wieckhorst M, Burke RR, Weichelt BP. Medically Attended Suicidality in Youth Who Live on Farms. J Agromedicine 2024; 29:144-149. [PMID: 37772979 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2023.2264287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Suicides are increasing in U.S. youth, particularly in rural areas. The influence of farming, however, is unclear, as suicide rates are higher in individual adult farm workers, but lower in farming-reliant counties. Early recognition of suicidality (suicidal ideation, intent, or attempt) is a key element of prevention, but there are no prior studies comparing suicidality in farm vs. non-farm youth. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between farm/rural residence and suicidality. Medical records were reused from an existing cohort of child and adolescent patients under surveillance for agricultural injuries in a Wisconsin healthcare system. The sample included 2,010 youth who lived on farms and 51,900 youth who did not live on farms (57% rural). The outcome was medically attended suicidality in 2017-2022 per a composite of diagnoses for suicidal ideation, attempt, or intentional self-harm that presented to ambulatory, emergency, or inpatient care settings. Suicidality was observed in 0.8% of farm, 1.8% of non-farm rural, and 1.6% of non-farm non-rural youth. After covariate adjustment, farm youth had significantly lower odds of suicidality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] [95% confidence interval; CI] = 0.55 [0.33, 0.91], P = .019), while non-farm rural youth had significantly greater odds of suicidality (aOR [CI] = 1.21 [1.05, 1.40], P = .007), relative to non-farm non-rural youth. Children and adolescents who live on farms are about half as likely to (medically) present for suicidality as compared to their non-farm counterparts, both rural and non-rural. Future research should identify causal suicide protection factors in farm youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J VanWormer
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Richard L Berg
- Office of Research Support Services, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Matthew Wieckhorst
- National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Richard R Burke
- National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Bryan P Weichelt
- National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
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13
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Steare T, Lewis G, Evans-Lacko S, Pitman A, Rose-Clarke K, Patalay P. Food Insecurity, Adolescent Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors, and Country-Level Context: A Multi-Country Cross-Sectional Analysis. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:545-555. [PMID: 38085207 PMCID: PMC11139653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preventing adolescent suicide is a global priority. Inequalities in adolescent suicide and attempt rates are reported across countries, including a greater risk in adolescents experiencing food insecurity. Little is known about the extent to which country-level contextual factors moderate the magnitude of socio-economic inequalities in suicidal thoughts and behavior. We aimed to examine the cross-country variability and national moderators of the association between food insecurity and suicidal thoughts and behavior in school-attending adolescents. METHODS We analysed data on 309,340 school-attending adolescents from 83 countries that participated in the Global School-based Student Health Survey between 2003 and 2018. We used Poisson regression to identify whether suicidal thoughts and behavior were more prevalent in adolescents experiencing food insecurity compared to food-secure adolescents. Meta-regression and mixed-effects regression were used to determine whether country-level indicators moderated the magnitude of inequality. RESULTS Suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempts were more prevalent in food-insecure adolescents compared to food-secure adolescents in 72%, 78%, and 90% of countries respectively; however, the magnitude of these associations varied between countries. We observed wider inequalities in countries with greater levels of national wealth and universal health coverage and lower prevalence of adolescent food insecurity. Economic inequality had no moderating role. DISCUSSION Food insecurity could contribute to the development of adolescent suicidal thoughts and behavior, and this association is likely to be moderated by country-level context. Food insecurity may be a modifiable target to help prevent adolescent suicide, especially in countries where food insecurity is less common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Steare
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Gemma Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Evans-Lacko
- Department of Health Policy, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Pitman
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Rose-Clarke
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Costanza A, Amerio A, Aguglia A, Magnani L, Alexander J, Maiorano A, Richard-Lepouriel H, Portacolone E, Berardelli I, Pompili M, Serafini G, Amore M, Nguyen KD. A Prospective Multicenter Longitudinal Analysis of Suicidal Ideation among Long-COVID-19 Patients. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:290. [PMID: 38338174 PMCID: PMC10855095 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Long coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is an emerging multifaceted illness with the pathological hallmarks of chronic inflammation and neuropsychiatric symptoms. These pathologies have also been implicated in developing suicidal behaviors and suicidal ideation (SI). However, research addressing suicide risk in long COVID-19 is limited. In this prospective study, we aim to characterize SI development among long-COVID-19 patients and to determine the predictive power of inflammatory markers and long-COVID-19 symptoms-including those of psychiatric origin-for SI. During this prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study, healthy subjects and long-COVID-19 patients will be recruited from the University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland, the University of Genova, the University of Rome "La Sapienza", and the University of San Francisco. Study participants will undergo a series of clinic visits over a follow-up period of 1 year for SI assessment. Baseline and SI-onset levels of inflammatory mediators in plasma samples, along with 12 long-COVID-19 features (post-exertional malaise, fatigue, brain fog, dizziness, gastrointestinal disturbance, palpitations, changes in sexual desire/capacity, loss/change of smell/taste, thirst, chronic cough, chest pain, and abnormal movements) will be collected for SI risk analysis. The proposed enrollment period is from 15 January 2024 to 15 January 2026 with targeted recruitment of 100 participants for each study group. The anticipated findings of this study are expected to provide important insights into suicide risk among long-COVID-19 patients and determine whether inflammation and psychiatric comorbidities are involved in the development of SI in these subjects. This could pave the way to more effective evidence-based suicide prevention approaches to address this emerging public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Costanza
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University (UNIGE), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Department of Psychiatry, Adult Psychiatry Service, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.A.); (A.M.); (G.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Andrea Amerio
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (A.A.)
- IRCCS Polyclinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Aguglia
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (A.A.)
- IRCCS Polyclinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Magnani
- Department of Psychiatry, San Maurizio Hospital of Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Jacques Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry, Adult Psychiatry Service, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.A.); (A.M.); (G.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Alessandra Maiorano
- Department of Psychiatry, Adult Psychiatry Service, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.A.); (A.M.); (G.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Hélène Richard-Lepouriel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University (UNIGE), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Mood Disorder Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Specialties Service, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elena Portacolone
- Institute for Health & Aging, University of California (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Isabella Berardelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Centre, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Centre, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- Department of Psychiatry, Adult Psychiatry Service, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.A.); (A.M.); (G.S.); (M.A.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Mario Amore
- Department of Psychiatry, Adult Psychiatry Service, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.A.); (A.M.); (G.S.); (M.A.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Khoa D. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
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Uno A, Nagaoka D, Usami S, Yamaguchi S, Minami R, Tanaka R, Sawai Y, Okuma A, Yamasaki S, Miyashita M, Nishida A, Kasai K, Ando S. Suicidal Thoughts and Trajectories of Psychopathological and Behavioral Symptoms in Adolescence. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2353166. [PMID: 38270951 PMCID: PMC10811562 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.53166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance The suicidal risk of psychopathology in adolescence is suggested to differ based on its longitudinal trajectory, but the comorbidity of these symptom trajectories has not been well examined. This study comprehensively clustered trajectories of multiple psychopathological and behavioral symptoms and examined their associations with suicidal thoughts in adolescence. Objective To determine which categories and trajectories of psychopathological and behavioral symptoms are associated with suicidal thoughts in adolescence, accounting for comorbid symptoms. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cohort study in Japan used data from the Tokyo Teen Cohort (TTC) study, which was established in 2012 and is currently ongoing. Data from 3 waves of surveys conducted at ages 10, 12, and 16 years from October 2012 to September 2021 were used. Of the adolescents in the cohort, participants with at least 2 evaluations of psychopathological and behavioral symptoms were included. Data were analyzed from December 2022 to March 2023. Exposure Latent class growth analysis was used to cluster the trajectory of each psychopathological and behavioral symptom. Main Outcomes and Measures The associations between symptom trajectories and suicidal thoughts at age 16 were examined. Suicidal thoughts were assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Psychopathological and behavioral symptoms were assessed using the 8 subscale scores of the caregiver-report Child Behavior Checklist. Results This study included 2780 adolescents (1306 female participants [47.0%]). Of the 1920 adolescents with data on suicidal thoughts, 158 (8.2%) had suicidal thoughts. The median (IQR) age was 10.2 (10.0-10.3) years at the first evaluation, 11.9 (11.8-12.1) years at the second evaluation, and 16.3 (16.1-16.5) years at the last evaluation. The clustering pattern of trajectories varied depending on symptom categories. After adjusting for each symptom trajectory and confounders, adolescents with persistent high withdrawn symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 1.88; 95% CI, 1.10-3.21) and those with increasing somatic symptoms (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.16-3.34) had a significantly higher risk of suicidal thoughts than adolescents without these symptoms. There was no interaction between these symptom trajectories and the risk of suicidal thoughts. Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study found that persistent withdrawn symptoms and increasing somatic symptoms during early to midadolescence were associated with an increased risk of suicidal thoughts in midadolescence, even after accounting for comorbid symptoms and confounders. Attention should be paid to the suicidal risk associated with these symptoms, particularly when they persist or increase in the longitudinal follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Uno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Nagaoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Usami
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Research Center for Social Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rin Minami
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Riki Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sawai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Okuma
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syudo Yamasaki
- Research Center for Social Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Miyashita
- Research Center for Social Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Research Center for Social Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Finell E, Tolvanen A, Shuttleworth I, Durrheim K, Vuorenmaa M. The identification environment matters: Students' social identification, perceived physical school environment, and anxiety - A cross-level interaction model. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 63:429-452. [PMID: 37747119 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The social identity approach to health argues that well-being depends on the psychosocial circumstances of the groups to which individuals belong. However, little is known about how the average level of identification in the group - 'the identification environment' - buffers the negative health consequences of stressors. We used multilevel modelling to investigate whether identification environment in a school modified the association between the students' perceptions of the quality of their school's physical environment and their reported levels of anxiety. In two representative samples of Finnish school students (N = 678 schools/71,392 students; N = 704 schools/85,989 students), weak identification environment was related to increased anxiety. In addition, in schools where identification environment was weaker, the student level relationship between perceived physical environment and anxiety was stronger, and students were more anxious. Our results provide evidence that identification environment needs to be considered when we analyse how group membership affects well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eerika Finell
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Business Studies, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Asko Tolvanen
- Methodology Centre for Human Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ian Shuttleworth
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kevin Durrheim
- Faculty of Humanities, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maaret Vuorenmaa
- Public Health and Welfare, Knowledge Management and Co-Creation, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Šalčiūnaitė-Nikonovė L, Žemaitaitytė M, Šmigelskas K. Exploring the Prevalence and Predictors of Anxiety among Lithuanian Adolescents during Times of Crisis: A Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 11:32. [PMID: 38255346 PMCID: PMC10814592 DOI: 10.3390/children11010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Recent events in Europe, like the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian War (RUW), might have sparked anxiety among adolescents. This study aimed to compare anxiety levels in Lithuanian adolescents post-COVID-19 peak (Study 1, October 2021) and during the onset of the RUW (Study 2, April-June 2022). Data from 459 participants in Study 1 and 6637 in Study 2, aged 11-17, were collected through HBSC pilot and national surveys in Lithuania. Self-reported questionnaires assessed anxiety, social media use, stress, loneliness, self-efficacy, and peer support factors. Analysis was conducted using multivariable logistic regressions. Notably, anxiety prevalence in Lithuanian adolescents showed no significant difference between Study 1 and Study 2, stabilizing around 24%. In 2021, stress (OR = 5.89, 95% CI 3.11-11.17), problematic social media use (OR = 4.58, 95% CI 1.89-10.58), and female gender (OR = 2.87, 95% CI 1.58-5.22) significantly predicted anxiety. By 2022, stress (OR = 3.68, 95% CI 3.14-4.30), loneliness (OR = 2.85, 95% CI 2.43-3.35), and lower self-efficacy (OR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.20-1.60) emerged as important predictors. This study enhances our understanding of adolescent anxiety during crises, emphasizing the urgency of addressing multiple factors to manage and support vulnerable youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Šalčiūnaitė-Nikonovė
- Health Research Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Health Psychology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Monika Žemaitaitytė
- Health Research Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kastytis Šmigelskas
- Health Research Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Health Psychology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
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18
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Peart N, Hetrick S, Gibson K, Stasiak K. Exploring Counselor Practices and Risk Assessment in a Proactive Digital Intervention Through Instagram in Young People: Qualitative Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e46579. [PMID: 38145477 PMCID: PMC10775024 DOI: 10.2196/46579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is one of the leading causes of preventable death in young people, and the way young people are communicating suicidality has evolved to include web-based disclosures and help-seeking. To date, mental health intervention services, both on the web and in person, have been conceived in the traditional model, whereby support is provided if a young person (or their family) actively seeks out that support when distressed. On the other hand, proactive outreach is an innovative approach to intervention that has been shown to be effective in other areas of health care. Live for Tomorrow chat was delivered on Instagram and comprised of counselors who reach out to provide brief person-centered intervention to young people who post content indicating distress or suicidality. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to explore how counselors engaged young people in a proactive digital intervention and how risk assessment was conducted in this context. METHODS We analyzed 35 transcripts of conversations between counselors and young people aged 13-25 years using the 6-step approach of Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis. These transcripts included a counseling intervention and a follow-up chat that was aimed at collecting feedback about the counseling intervention. RESULTS A total of 7 themes emerged: using microskills to facilitate conversations, building confidence and capacity to cope with change, seeking permission when approaching conversations about suicidality or self-harm, conversations about suicidality following a structured approach, providing assurances of confidentiality, validation of the experience of suicidality, and using conversations about suicidality to identify interventions. Counselors were able to translate counseling microskills and structured questioning regarding suicidality into a digital context. In particular, in the digital context, counselors would use the young person's post and emojis to further conversations and build rapport. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the importance of the counselor's role to listen, empathize, validate, and empower young people and that all these skills can be transferred to a digital text counseling intervention. Counselors used a structured approach to understanding suicidality in a permission-seeking, validating, and confidential manner to identify interventions with the young person. These practices allowed the conversation to move beyond traditional risk assessment practices to meaningful conversations about suicidality. Moving beyond traditional risk assessment practices and into conversations about suicidality allowed for the validation of the young person's experience and exploration of interventions and support that made sense and were seen to be helpful to the young person. This study highlighted the benefits of a proactive digital chat-based intervention, which is a novel approach to engaging with young people experiencing psychological distress and suicidality. Furthermore, this research demonstrates the feasibility and benefit of moving mental health intervention and support to a medium where young people are currently disclosing distress and intervening proactively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Peart
- Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hetrick
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kerry Gibson
- Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karolina Stasiak
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Guimarães GO, D'Angelo F, Brouillette K, Souza LDM, da Silva RA, Mondin TC, Pedrotti Moreira F, Kapczinski F, de Azevedo Cardoso T, Jansen K. Incidence and risk factors for anxiety disorders in young adults: A population-based prospective cohort study. L'ENCEPHALE 2023; 49:572-576. [PMID: 36253174 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders in the general population. Our objective was to describe the cumulative incidence and risk factors of anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in a follow-up of young adults over a five-year period. This is a prospective cohort conducted in two waves. The first took place from 2007 to 2009, in which 1,560 young adults aged between 18 and 24 years were evaluated using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Subjects were invited to participate in the second wave, which wave took place from 2012 to 2014, where 1,244 young adults were evaluated using the MINI-Plus. Our findings showed a cumulative incidence of 10.9% for any anxiety disorder, 6.5% for generalized anxiety disorder, 6.0% for agoraphobia, 2.0% for OCD, 1.6% for panic disorder, 1.1% for social anxiety and 0.7% for PTSD. Being female and having had a depressive episode were risk factors to develop any anxiety disorder. We observed a high cumulative incidence of anxiety disorders in a population-based sample of young adults. Our data highlights the importance of the early identification of these disorders as this could lead to early illness detection, early illness management and a reduced burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G O Guimarães
- Department of Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 373, Sala 424C, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - F D'Angelo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - K Brouillette
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; School of Interdisciplinary Science, Life Sciences Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L D M Souza
- Department of Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 373, Sala 424C, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R A da Silva
- Department of Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 373, Sala 424C, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - T C Mondin
- Department of Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 373, Sala 424C, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Pró-Reitoria de Assuntos Estudantis (PRAE), Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - F Pedrotti Moreira
- Department of Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 373, Sala 424C, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - F Kapczinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - T de Azevedo Cardoso
- Department of Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 373, Sala 424C, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; School of Interdisciplinary Science, Life Sciences Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - K Jansen
- Department of Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 373, Sala 424C, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Hernández-Vásquez A, Vargas-Fernández R, Bendezu-Quispe G. Binge drinking and suicidal ideation in Peruvian adolescents: Evidence from a pooled cross-sectional survey. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:321-326. [PMID: 37567347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge drinking and suicidal ideation are public health problems that have consequences on the well-being of Peruvian adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between binge drinking and suicidal ideation in Peruvian adolescents. METHODS A secondary data analysis of the health questionnaire of the Demographic and Family Health Surveys from 2013 to 2019 was performed. The outcome variable was suicidal ideation in the last 14 days, assessed with one of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) questions, while the independent variable was binge drinking in the last 30 days. Generalized linear models of the Poisson family with logarithmic link (crude and adjusted) were used to assess the association of interest. RESULTS Data from a total of 11,609 participants were analyzed. The pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation was 8.5 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 7.8-9.2), and that of binge drinking was 5.8 % (95 % CI: 5.2-6.5). An association was found between binge drinking and suicidal ideation in the adjusted analysis (adjusted prevalence ratio: 2.95; 95 % CI: 1.69-3.09). LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design of the study does not allow for establishing a causal relationship. CONCLUSIONS Between 2013 and 2019, nine out of every 100 Peruvian adolescents had suicidal ideation, and six out of every 100 adolescents had binge drinking. An association was found between both risk behaviors in Peruvian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Hernández-Vásquez
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.
| | | | - Guido Bendezu-Quispe
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru.
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Aliy HM, Getahun HA, Dadi LS. Magnitude and Associated Factors of Suicidal Ideation and Attempts among High School Adolescents of Jimma Town, Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci 2023; 33:1037-1048. [PMID: 38784493 PMCID: PMC11111274 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i6.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Studies show that suicidal ideation and attempt are major predictors of suicide. Flourishing technologies such cyber bullying, increased local and global events, like pandemics, wars, and effects of climate change exacerbate vulnerability of adolescents to mental health problems. Thus, timely epidemiological information is important for evidence-based practices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and associated factors of suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt among school adolescents. Methods A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2022 on randomly selected 1144 school adolescents using multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Then, data were cleaned, entered into Epi-data V.3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Multivariable logistic regression was done to identify predictors of suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt among adolescents. Adjusted odds ratio and confidence interval (CI) were respectively used to measure statistical associations and their statistical significance. Results The prevalence of lifetime suicidal ideation and attempt were 22.5%, and 13.3%, respectively, while 12-month suicidal ideation and attempt were found to be 14.6% and 10%, respectively. Being female, disappointment in school results, family history of suicide attempt, current alcohol intake, anxiety, and chronic medical condition were significantly associated with both suicidal ideation and attempt while cyber bullying was significantly associated with suicidal ideation only. Conclusions Unsupportive home environment plus behavioral and medical conditions predispose school adolescents to suicidal ideation and attempt. The Ministry of Education and school administrations should facilitate favorable environment that enhance mental health awareness and protection of school adolescents. Building better parent-child relationship and parental discretion on the use of mobile phones can mitigate suicidal ideation and attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Mohamed Aliy
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Abebe Getahun
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Lelisa Sena Dadi
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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22
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Tran T, Nguyen H, Shochet I, Nguyen N, La N, Wurfl A, Orr J, Nguyen H, Stocker R, Fisher J. Coping Self-Efficacy and Thoughts of Self-Harm Among Adolescents in Vietnam: A Longitudinal Study. Arch Suicide Res 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37837377 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2265444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the effect of coping self-efficacy on thoughts of self-harm among adolescents attending high school in Hanoi, Vietnam. Longitudinal data were collected using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised and the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale among 552 Year 10 students. The prevalence of thoughts of death and/or self-injury on at least 1 day in the past week was 16.9% at baseline and 14.5% at 8-month follow-up. When baseline coping self-efficacy was greater by one standard deviation, the odds of having thoughts of self-harm at follow-up were reduced by 42%. Our findings suggest that school-based programs that aim to strengthen coping strategies may be useful in preventing self-harm among adolescents.
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23
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Xu G, Li L, Yi L, Li T, Chai Q, Zhu J. A pooled analysis of temporal trends in the prevalence of anxiety-induced sleep loss among adolescents aged 12-15 years across 29 countries. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1259442. [PMID: 37860167 PMCID: PMC10582330 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1259442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies examining trends in sleep loss among adolescents have mainly focused on single countriy and region. This study aims to analyze temporal trends in the prevalence of anxiety-induced sleep loss among adolescents from 29 countries in five regions. Methods This study used data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey 2003-2018, which surveyed 215,380 adolescents from 29 countries with at least two cross-sectional surveys per country. The weighted country-specific prevalence of anxiety-induced sleep loss and trends across the survey years were evaluated. Random- or fixed-effects meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled prevalence and temporal trends across 29 countries. Results Temporal variations in anxiety-induced sleep loss across countries were identified. Increasing (Suriname, Vanuatu, and Myanmar), decreasing (Namibia, Jamaica, the Philippines, Samoa, and Indonesia), and stable (all other countries) trends in anxiety-induced sleep loss were noted. The pooled weighted prevalence of anxiety-induced sleep loss was 11.35 and 10.67% in the first and last surveys, respectively. There was no meaningful change in the propensity to have anxiety-related sleep disorders over time, with the reduction and OR of these two surveys being 0.54 (-0.53-1.61) and 0.98 (0.88-1.10). For subgroup analyses, no significant differences in pooled anxiety-induced sleep loss trends were seen between the two surveys for different sexes, regions, incomes, survey years in the first wave, survey periods, or number of surveys. Conclusion Trends in the prevalence of anxiety-induced sleep loss in adolescents varied significantly across different countries. Generally, a stable trend was observed in 21 of the 29 countries surveyed. Our study provides data that can aid policymakers in establishing country-specific strategies for reducing anxiety-induced sleep loss in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Xu
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital & Affiliated Mental Health Centre, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijuan Yi
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Li
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiongxia Chai
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junyang Zhu
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Zhejiang, China
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Lee CS, Sin EJ, Park M, Okazaki S, Choi Y. Cultural family processes, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation: A longitudinal study of Asian American youths. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2023; 53:802-817. [PMID: 37526389 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This prospective study examined the direct and interactive effects of depressive symptoms and cultural family processes (i.e., intergenerational cultural conflict, academic parental control, cultural socialization parenting) on Asian American youths' suicidal ideation from adolescence to young adulthood. METHODS We utilized three-wave data of 408 Korean American and 378 Filipino American youths (M = 15.00 years, SD = 1.91 at Wave 1). For each ethnicity, we tested (1) whether depressive symptoms and cultural family processes predicted past-year suicidal ideation; and (2) whether cultural family processes moderated the depressive symptom-suicidal ideation link. RESULTS Across ethnicities, depressive symptoms significantly predicted suicidal ideation after controlling for cultural family processes. For Filipino youths, intergenerational cultural conflict significantly predicted suicidal ideation after controlling depressive symptoms and exacerbated the depressive symptom-suicidal ideation link. For Filipino youths, depressive symptoms were significantly associated with suicidal ideation only at lower levels of cultural socialization parenting. For Korean youths, academic parental control exacerbated the depressive symptom-suicidal ideation link. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that while depressive symptoms have a robust effect on Asian American youths' suicidal ideation, this effect may be moderated by cultural family processes. Different findings for Korean and Filipino youths highlight the importance of disaggregating analyses by ethnicity to guide prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S Lee
- New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York, New York, USA
| | - Esther J Sin
- New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Park
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sumie Okazaki
- New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yoonsun Choi
- Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy and Practice, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Du W, Jia YJ, Hu FH, Ge MW, Cheng YJ, Qu X, Chen HL. Prevalence of suicidal ideation and correlated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analysis of 113 studies from 31 countries. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 166:147-168. [PMID: 37774666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and correlated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Web of Science (WOS) and PubMed were searched according to a pre-set strategy. A total of 132 studies were identified, 104 of which were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was approximately 14.7% (95%CI: 12.5%, 16.8%, P < 0.01) in the general population, approximately 22.4% (95%CI: 17.1%, 27.8%, P < 0.01)in adolescents, approximately 21.0% (95%CI: 12.8%, 29.2%, P < 0.01) in psychiatric patients, approximately 20.6% (95%CI: 18.7%, 22.5%, P < 0.01)in university students, approximately 18.9% (95%CI: 8.3%, 29.5%, P < 0.01) in younger adults, approximately 10.6% (95%CI: 1.0%, 20.2%, P = 0.031) in COVID-19 patients and approximately 7.4% (95%CI: 4.3%, 10.5%, P < 0.01) in healthcare workers. The prevalence in North America was approximately 16.0% (95%CI: 13.6%-18.4%, P < 0.001), approximately 14.5% in Asia (95%CI: 9.5%-19.4%, P < 0.001), approximately 10.5% in Europe (95%CI: 8.5%-12.4%, P < 0.001), and approximately 20.5% in South America (95%CI: 19.5%-21.5%, P < 0.001). The following were risk factors which might be correlated with suicidal ideation: severe anxiety symptoms, mild to moderate depression, a strong feeling of loneliness/social isolation, poor sleep quality, having COVID-19-related experience, having quarantine or lockdown experience, being female, being single or divorced, having financial problems and having a history of suicidal ideation/attempt. This article reports the prevalence of suicidal ideation and discussing potential risk factors during the pandemic among general population and vulnerable groups. Early detection and follow-up were necessary for the noteworthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Nantong University Medical School, PR China
| | - Yi Jie Jia
- Nantong University Medical School, PR China
| | | | | | | | - Xin Qu
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hong Lin Chen
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Werneck AO, Araujo RHO, Oyeyemi AL, Silva DR. Social isolation is associated with higher leisure-time sedentary behavior and lower physical activity practice: A multi-country analysis of data from 79 countries from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey. Prev Med 2023; 175:107677. [PMID: 37607660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association of social isolation with physical activity and leisure-time sedentary behavior among adolescents. METHODS We used data from the Global School-based Health Survey, including a representative sample of 296,861 adolescents (11-18y) from 79 countries (48.9% girls, 14.5 ± 1.6 years). Social isolation was estimated by combining the self-reported number of friends and loneliness perception. Physical activity and leisure-time sedentary behavior were assessed through questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regression models were created to analyze the associations of social isolation with physical activity and leisure-time sedentary behavior. RESULTS Compared with those practicing ≥60 min of physical activity during 1-4 days/week, social isolation was associated with a higher prevalence of not practicing physical activity (Prevalence ratio [PR]:1.24; 95%CI:1.19-1.29), and a lower prevalence of practicing during ≥5d/wk. (PR:0.91; 95%CI:0.88-0.94). Compared with <4 h/d of leisure-time sedentary behavior, being socially isolated was also associated with a higher prevalence of 4-7 h/d (PR: 1.08; 95%CI:1.03-1.14) and ≥ 8 h/d (PR: 1.24; 95%CI:1.16-1.33) of leisure-time sedentary behavior. Compared with those participants without elevated leisure-time sedentary behavior and with those practicing adequate physical activity, social isolation was independently associated with a higher prevalence of physical inactivity (PR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.15-1.26) and elevated leisure-time sedentary behavior (PR: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.14-1.30), as well as with both risk factors simultaneously (PR: 1.36; 95%CI: 1.28-1.45). CONCLUSION Reducing social isolation could be an important component of future interventions to reduce sedentary behavior and physical inactivity among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- André O Werneck
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Raphael H O Araujo
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Danilo R Silva
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), 41013 Seville, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
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Agyapong B, Shalaby R, Hay K, Pattison R, Eboreime E, Korthuis M, Wei Y, Agyapong VIO. Exploring Sociodemographic Characteristics, Adverse Childhood Experience, and Mental Health History as Predictors of Anxiety and Depression among Adolescents and Young Adults: Findings from the MoreGoodDays Support Program in Alberta, Canada. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:749. [PMID: 37754027 PMCID: PMC10525571 DOI: 10.3390/bs13090749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has increased psychological disorders among adolescents and young adults. METHODS This study used a cross-sectional design. An online survey questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and clinical information from subscribers of MoreGoodDays program, a daily supportive text message program co-designed with adolescents and young adults for their peers in Alberta. Validated instruments, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD-7 scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 PHQ-9 were used to collect information on likely GAD and likely major depressive disorder (MDD). Data was analyzed with SPSS version 25 using chi-squared tests and binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS 343 subscribers of MoreGoodDays participated in the survey. Overall, 117 (56.0%) respondents had a likely MDD and 97 (46.6%) had a likely GAD. Participants who would like to receive mental health counselling were 27 times more likely to experience GAD (OR = 27; 95% CI: 3.09-250.00) and 40 times more likely to experience MDD (OR = 40.03; 95% CI: 4.43-361.51) than those who did not. Respondents who had received mental health counselling in the past were 18.5 times more likely to experience MDD compared with those who had not (OR = 18.52; 95% CI: 1.55-200.00). Demographic variables, including age, education, employment, and relationship status, and clinical variables, such as history of anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, ADHD, and adverse childhood experience, did not independently the predict presence of likely GAD or MDD in subscribers of MoreGoodDays. CONCLUSION The prevalence of anxiety and depression was relatively high among subscribers of MoreGoodDays, indicating the long-term effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. This finding has significant implications in the broader contextof mental health research and emphasizes the need for more research into innovative mental health support for this cohort. The desire to receive counselling was predictive of both anxiety and depression and is a positive sign of the openness of this cohort to receive psychological intervention. Since this group is mostly adapted to mobile text technology, government agencies and policymakers should prioritize and implement readily accessible interventions such as supportive text messages to support their psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Reham Shalaby
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | | | | | - Ejemai Eboreime
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mark Korthuis
- Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital Foundation, Edmonton, AB T5G 0B7, Canada
| | - Yifeng Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Vincent Israel Opoku Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Rens E, Portzky G, Morrens M, Dom G, Van den Broeck K, Gijzen M. An exploration of suicidal ideation and attempts, and care use and unmet need among suicide-ideators in a Belgian population study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1741. [PMID: 37679752 PMCID: PMC10483782 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation, or thinking about death and suicide, is common across all layers of society. The aim of this paper is to add to the understanding of suicidal ideation in the general population, as well as help-seeking behaviors and perceived unmet mental health needs among those who report suicidal thoughts. METHODS The research is part of a representative population-based survey study of mental wellbeing in Antwerp (Flanders, Belgium) carried out in 2021. A total of 1202 participants between 15 and 80 years old answered the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ), and an additional question about suicide plans. Participation was by invitation only and possible online or via a postal paper questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between both current suicidal ideation and self-reported lifetime suicide attempt with the sociodemographic factors age, gender, educational level, origin and financial distress. Moreover, formal care use for mental health was examined among those experiencing suicidal ideation, and logistic regression analyses were used to assess associated sociodemographic factors. Finally, perceived unmet mental health needs were assessed among suicide ideators. RESULTS The point-prevalence of suicidal ideation was 8.6% and was higher among younger age groups and individuals reporting financial distress. The lifetime-prevalence of suicide attempts is 6.5% and was higher in younger people and individuals with a primary educational level and with financial distress. About half (45.6%) of those with suicidal ideation consulted a professional for mental health problems in the past twelve months. Men and those with a primary educational level were less likely to seek help. Half of suicide ideators without care use perceived some need for mental health care, and a third of suicide ideators who used care perceived the obtained help as insufficient, resulting in a population prevalence of 3.6% suicide ideators with a fully or partially perceived unmet need. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of suicide attempts, suicidal ideation and unmet needs among suicide-ideators is high in this Belgian sample. Mental health care need perception in suicide ideators needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rens
- Department of Family and Population Health (FAMPOP), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Gwendolyn Portzky
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manuel Morrens
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Centre Duffel, 2570, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Geert Dom
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Multiversum Psychiatric Hospital, 2530, Boechout, Belgium
| | - Kris Van den Broeck
- Department of Family and Population Health (FAMPOP), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mandy Gijzen
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Diallo I, Aldridge LR, Bass J, Adams LB, Spira AP. Factors Associated With Suicide in Four West African Countries Among Adolescent Students: An Analysis Using the Global School-Based Student Health Survey. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:494-502. [PMID: 37330706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Globally, suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents, with the highest burden of suicide occurring in Africa. Despite this, little is known about the epidemiology of suicide among adolescents in West Africa. In this study, we explore suicidality among West African adolescents. METHODS Using pooled data from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey in four West African countries (Ghana, Benin, Liberia, and Sierra Leone), we investigated the prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt and examined associations with 15 covariates using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Overall, 18.6% of adolescents in the pooled sample (N = 9,726) had considered suicide, while 24.7% reported attempting suicide. Significant correlates of suicide attempt included older age (16+ years; odds ratio [OR]: 1.70, confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-2.63), difficulty sleeping due to worry (OR: 1.27, CI: 1.04-1.56), loneliness (OR: 1.65, CI: 1.39-1.96), truancy (OR: 1.38. CI: 1.05-1.82), being a target of bullying (OR: 1.53, CI: 1.26-1.85), getting physically attacked (OR: 1.73, CI: 1.42-2.11), physical fighting (OR: 1.47, CI: 1.21-1.79), current cigarette use (OR: 2.71, CI: 1.88-3.89), and initiation of drug use (OR: 2.19, CI: 1.71-2.81). Conversely, having close friends was associated with lower odds of suicide attempt (OR: 0.67, CI: 0.48-0.93). Several covariates were also significantly associated with suicidal ideation. DISCUSSION Suicidal ideation and attempts are highly prevalent among school-going adolescents in these West African countries. Multiple modifiable risk and protective factors were identified. Programs, interventions, and policies aimed at addressing these factors may play a significant role in preventing suicides in these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idiatou Diallo
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Luke R Aldridge
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Judith Bass
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Leslie B Adams
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adam P Spira
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Bellato A, Admani MA, Deak C, Farhat LC, Fontana Antunes de Oliveira MC, Vasconcelos R, Malanchini M, Shephard E, Michelini G. Autonomic dysregulation and self-injurious thoughts and behaviours in children and young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JCPP ADVANCES 2023; 3:e12148. [PMID: 37720589 PMCID: PMC10501700 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Self-injurious thoughts and behaviours (SITBs) have been associated with dysfunction of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) in children and young people, suggesting that objective ANS measures may aid assessment of suicide risk, but a systematic synthesis of this literature is currently lacking. Methods Following a pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO CRD42022327605), we conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, for empirical studies published until 10th May 2022 that compared indices of ANS functioning in individuals aged 0-25 years with versus without SITBs, or reported continuous associations between ANS measures and SITBs. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scales. Pooled effect sizes (Hedge's g) were estimated with random-effects meta-analytic models. Results Twenty studies (1979 participants) were included in our systematic review, with 16 included in meta-analyses. Results suggested that SITBs were associated with altered cardiac indices of arousal (g = -0.328, p < 0.001), which was driven by lower heart rate variability in individuals with SITBs (g = -0.375, p = 0.025). Overall results for electrodermal activity were not significant (g = 0.026, p = 0.857), but subgroup analyses showed increased activity in studies of individuals who engaged specifically in non-suicidal self-harm (g = 0.249, p = 0.014) but decreased activity in the remaining studies (g = -0.567, p = 0.004). Conclusions Our systematic review and meta-analysis found evidence of reduced parasympathetic regulation as well as more tentative evidence of altered electrodermal activity in children and young people displaying SITBs. Future longitudinal studies should test the clinical utility of these markers for detecting and monitoring suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bellato
- School of PsychologyUniversity of NottinghamSemenyihMalaysia
| | - Muskaan Aleeza Admani
- Department of Biological and Experimental PsychologySchool of Biological and Behavioural SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Camila Deak
- Department of PsychiatryFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Luis Carlos Farhat
- Department of PsychiatryFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | | | - Rebeca Vasconcelos
- Department of PsychologyHealth Sciences CenterUniversidade de FortalezaSao PauloBrazil
| | - Margherita Malanchini
- Department of Biological and Experimental PsychologySchool of Biological and Behavioural SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Elizabeth Shephard
- Department of PsychiatryFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSao PauloBrazil
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN)King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Department of Biological and Experimental PsychologySchool of Biological and Behavioural SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Dadras O, Wang CW. Suicidal behaviours and their correlates in school-going Lebanese adolescents: findings from a national survey. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:89. [PMID: 37438736 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent suicide is regarded as a serious phenomenon that affects the well-being of the youth. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of suicidal behaviours and their association with physical/psychological harm and substance use in a nationally representative sample of adolescents in Grades 7-12 in Lebanon. METHODS Data from the latest Global School-Based Student Health Survey conducted in 2017 were used in this study. The prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among those who had considered committing suicide, at least once, were explored. RESULTS An estimated 13.45% of Lebanese adolescents, particularly females in Grades 7-12 had considered suicide at least once in the past 12 months. More importantly, almost half of them had attempted it at least once in the past 12 months. Those who frequently felt lonely or worried (previous year), were involved in physical fights or assaults (previous year), had been verbally or physically bullied (previous month), had missed more school days, experienced food insecurity, and had a history of substance abuse (marijuana, amphetamine, alcohol, and tobacco products) were more likely to exhibit suicidal behaviours. Parental support and older age at drug initiation appeared to be protective factors. DISCUSSION The findings characterise the correlates of suicidal behaviours among school-going Lebanese adolescents and determine the attributes of the risk group susceptible to engaging in suicide attempts. Future interventions and policies should consider these attributes when monitoring target groups, particularly those with the alarming behaviours identified in this study. In addition, awareness campaigns that engage all stakeholders, particularly parents, should be prioritised by the authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Dadras
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Section Global Health and Rehabilitation, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Chia-Wen Wang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Lloyd's Register Foundation Institute for the Public Understanding of Risk, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Song K, Lee J, Lee S, Jeon S, Lee HS, Kim HS, Chae HW. Height and subjective body image are associated with suicide ideation among Korean adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1172940. [PMID: 37377472 PMCID: PMC10291136 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1172940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Suicide is the leading cause of death among Korean adolescents. Suicide has been found to be associated with body mass index (BMI), height, and subjective body image among adults, but investigations of these associations among adolescents are limited. Thus, we aimed to examine to what extent suicide ideation is associated with height, BMI, and subjective body image among Korean adolescents. Methods This study examined the data of 6,261 adolescents, selected from a nationally representative survey. The participants were divided into subgroups by sex, suicide ideation, and subjective body image. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association of suicide ideation with height, BMI, and subjective body image. Results The proportion of perceived obesity was high in the total sample; the height Z-score was lower for the group with suicide ideation than the group without suicide ideation; the height Z-scores were also lower for female participants with suicide ideation than those female participants without suicide ideation. The proportions of depressed mood, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts were higher among the total sample and female participants with perceived obesity than among those with a normal body image. On logistic regression, perceived obesity was positively associated with suicide ideation even after adjusting for age, height Z-score, weight Z-score, and depressed mood, whereas height Z-score was negatively associated with suicide ideation. These relationships were more prominent among female participants than among male participants. Conclusion Low height and perceived obesity, not real obesity, are associated with suicide ideation among Korean adolescents. These findings indicate that the need for an integrated approach to growth, body image, and suicide in adolescents is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungchul Song
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - San Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jeon
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Schütz R, Bilz L. [Loneliness in childhood and adolescence. On the prevalence of a mental health risk factor among 11- to 15-year-old German students]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023:10.1007/s00103-023-03728-x. [PMID: 37261459 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is an increasingly present topic in both public and scientific discourse. There is increasing research on the prevalence of loneliness and health-related correlates in adults. However, there are only a few findings on loneliness in childhood and adolescence in Germany. Therefore, this study aims to present findings on the prevalence of loneliness among 11- to 15-year-old German students and examines associations with socio-demographic characteristics. METHODS The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study is a global research collaboration under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO). In the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany, the study collected data from 3819 children and adolescents in grades 5, 7, and 9 (Mage = 13.5, SD = 1.6) at schools for general education. Loneliness was assessed using the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale and a single item. RESULTS Of the respondents, 13.2% reported feeling lonely most of the time and 3.6% always. Loneliness was more prevalent among girls and non-binary students, as well as among older students and children and adolescents of lower socioeconomic status. DISCUSSION The findings indicate that loneliness is a widespread phenomenon among children and adolescents. The result that girls, older pupils and children, and adolescents with lower family wealth report feeling lonelier is consistent with findings from other countries and provides starting points for planning prevention measures. Further research is needed in Germany on possible health-related correlates of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Schütz
- Institut für Gesundheit, Fakultät für Soziale Arbeit, Gesundheit und Musik, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitätsplatz 1, 01968, Senftenberg, Deutschland.
| | - Ludwig Bilz
- Institut für Gesundheit, Fakultät für Soziale Arbeit, Gesundheit und Musik, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitätsplatz 1, 01968, Senftenberg, Deutschland
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Kassa MA, Srahbzu M, Nakie G, Mekuria K, Feleke SF, Tesfa NA, Getnet B. Suicidal ideation and attempts among high school students of war- affected area at Woldia town, Northeast, Ethiopia, 2022. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:384. [PMID: 37259028 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation and attempts usually occur during adolescence time, and living in war- affected area make the problem more predominate and severe. To the best of our knowledge, there were no studies done among high school students who live in war affected areas in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE We assessed the prevalence and factors associated with suicide ideation and suicide attempts among high school students of war- affected area at Woldia town, Northeast, Ethiopia. METHODS School based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 23 to June 08, 2022.Data were collected from high school students in Woldia town, Ethiopia. Pretested, self-administered Amharic-language questionnaire was used to collect the data. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the independent factors associated with suicide ideation and attempt. RESULTS A total of 668 of the 707 sampled students participated in the study (94.5% response rate). The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts among high school students in Woldia town was 16.29% and 12.87%, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, poor social support(AOR = 2.86, 95% CI:1.49, 5.46), posttraumatic stress disorder (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI:1.20, 3.85), family history of suicide(AOR = 3.94, 95% CI:2.21, 7.04), anxiety(AOR = 3.45, 95% CI:1.72, 6.89), and depression (AOR = 2.31, 95% CI:1.24, 4.33) were factors significantly associated with suicide ideation, and poor social support(AOR = 2.75, 95% CI:1.38, 5.47), depression (AOR = 4.27, 95% CI:2.10, 8.67) and being a female sex (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI:1.22, 3.69) were factors significantly associated with suicidal attempt. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This study revealed that at least one in six and one in eight of the students had suicidal ideation and attempt, respectively. Therefore, we recommend that Ministry of Education shall work with Ministry of Health to extend and implement mental health services in high schools and provide social support to those students who need the services in order for the prevention of suicidal ideation and attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulat Awoke Kassa
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P. O. Box: 400, Woldia, Ethiopia.
| | - Mengesha Srahbzu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kindie Mekuria
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P. O. Box: 400, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Sefineh Fenta Feleke
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Natnael Amare Tesfa
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanie Getnet
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Vigouroux M, Newman G, Amja K, Hovey RB. "He told me my pain was in my head": mitigating testimonial injustice through peer support. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1125963. [PMID: 37283705 PMCID: PMC10239879 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1125963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Women with disabilities are exposed to sexism and ableism, earn less income, and work in exceptionally challenging conditions compared to women without disabilities and men with or without disabilities. Adolescent girls living with scoliosis may begin experiencing this compounding bias during their encounters with healthcare from the moment they start noticing differences in their bodies. Being significantly more likely than boys to progress to a curve angle where painful treatment such as bracing or spinal fusion surgery is required, adolescent girls living with scoliosis are therefore more likely to experience chronic pain. The long-term impact of pain and pain-related stigma includes lower educational attainments, decreased vocational functionality, and social impairments in adults after having experienced chronic pain in adolescence. Approach In this article, the authors will explore the effects and mechanisms of gender-specific peer support in disrupting this trajectory to adverse outcomes. Through individual interviews consisting of open-ended questions, the researchers gathered narrative data from Curvy Girls members, a community-based peer support group for girls and young women living with scoliosis. The data was analyzed using an applied philosophical hermeneutics approach, with intersectionality and testimonial injustice as their framework. Findings They found that the study participants had their pain narratives reinterpreted by the adults in their lives, including their parents and healthcare practitioners, leading them to question and doubt their own experiences. Discussion These negative outcomes were mitigated through the peer support they received and offered from Curvy Girls. Participants reported having gained confidence and a sense of belonging after they joined this group, allowing them to better cope with their condition more effectively in different facets of their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vigouroux
- Department of Integrated Studies in Education, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institute for Gender, Sexuality and Feminist Studies, Faculty of Arts, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Kristina Amja
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Bruce Hovey
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Li P, Wang Y, Kovess-Masfety V, Su X, Hou X, Li M, Li P, Li J, Pang J, Ma H, Yu H, Yang T, Yin H, Xu G. Suicidal ideation and its relationship with mental health reported by different informants among children aged 6-12. J Affect Disord 2023; 334:271-277. [PMID: 37156271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation in children has received less attention than in adolescents. This study aimed to explore the self-reported prevalence of suicidal ideation among children aged 6-12 and to identify the relationship between self-reported suicidal ideation and children's mental health reported by different informants in Chinese setting. METHOD The study sample was 1479 children aged 6-12 from three elementary schools in Tianjin. Children completed the Dominic Interactive to report their mental health and suicidal ideation. Parents and teachers completed the Socio-Demographic Questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). RESULTS The prevalence of suicidal thoughts and death thoughts was 18.05 % and 16.90 %, respectively. Parent reported emotional symptoms, ADHD and externalized problems were associated with death thoughts, and ADHD was associated with suicidal thoughts. For teacher's reports, emotional symptoms, and impact were associated with death thoughts, and ADHD, peer problems, internalized problems, and internalized and externalized comorbidity were associated with suicidal thoughts. All of the children's self-reported mental health problems were associated with suicidal thoughts and death thoughts. LIMITATIONS Causality cannot be inferred in a cross-sectional study. CONCLUSION Suicidal ideation is not uncommon in Chinese children. The relationships between mental health problems and suicidal ideation varied in different informants. Suicide prevention in young children should be enhanced, and screening for suicidal ideation is recommended at the onset of different informants who reported specific mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Li
- Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Viviane Kovess-Masfety
- LPPS, University of Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xuyang Su
- Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Xiaofei Hou
- Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Peiying Li
- Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Jinhao Li
- Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Jingjuan Pang
- Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - He Ma
- Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Tengfen Yang
- Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Huifang Yin
- Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China.
| | - Guangming Xu
- Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China.
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Ahmed I, Hazell CM, Edwards B, Glazebrook C, Davies EB. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies exploring prevalence of non-specific anxiety in undergraduate university students. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:240. [PMID: 37041470 PMCID: PMC10088287 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety is a common mental health problem in the general population, and is associated with functional impairment and negative impacts upon quality of life. There has been increased concern about university students' mental health in recent years, with a wide range of non-specific anxiety rates reported worldwide in undergraduate university students. We aimed to explore prevalence of non-specific anxiety in undergraduate university student populations. METHODS Four databases were searched to identify studies published between 1980 and 2020 which investigated prevalence of non-specific anxiety in undergraduate university students. Each study's quality was appraised using a checklist. Sub-analyses were undertaken reflecting outcome measure utilized, course of study, location of study, and whether study was before or during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS A total of 89 studies - representing approx. 130,090 students-met inclusion criteria. Eighty-three were included in meta-analysis, calculating a weighted mean prevalence of 39.65% (95% CI: 35.72%-43.58%) for non-specific anxiety. Prevalence from diagnostic interview studies ranged from 0.3%-20.8% 12-month prevalence. Prevalence varied by outcome measure used to assess non-specific anxiety, the type of course studied by sample, and by study location. In half the studies, being female was associated with being more likely to have higher non-specific anxiety scores and/or screening above thresholds. Few of the included studies met all quality appraisal criteria. CONCLUSION The results suggest that approximately a third of undergraduate students are experiencing elevated levels of non-specific anxiety. Results from sub-analyses have identified some methodological issues that need consideration in appraising prevalence in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irtiqa Ahmed
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cassie M Hazell
- Department of Psychological Interventions, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - Bethany Edwards
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Cris Glazebrook
- Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - E Bethan Davies
- Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR MindTech MedTech Co-Operative, Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Sultana M, Gow J, Mosharaf P, Rahman H, Koly KN, Rahman MA, Huq N, Rawal LB, Kumar M, Mahumud RA. Parental role and peer support in adolescent suicidal behavior in eight South-East Asian countries. J Affect Disord 2023; 332:221-230. [PMID: 37019389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of suicidal behaviors, i.e. suicidal ideation (SI), suicidal plan (SP), and suicidal attempt (SA) among adolescents with a focus on parental and peer support in eight South-East Asian countries including Bangladesh, Bhutan, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand. METHOD Data were drawn from Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) covering 42,888 adolescents aged 11-17 years. Weighted prevalence of SI, SP, and SA along with country specific prevalence was computed and binary logistic regression was used to identify associated risk factors. RESULTS Among 42,888 adolescents 19,113 (44.9 %) were males and 23,441 (55.1 %) females. Overall prevalence of SI, SP and SA is 9.10 %, 10.42 % and 8.54 %, respectively. Myanmar demonstrated the lowest SI (1.07 %) and SP (0.18 %) whereas lowest SA was found in Indonesia (3.79 %). Maldives had the highest prevalence of SI, SP and SA which were 14.13 %, 19.02 % and 13.38 % respectively. Overall suicidal behaviors were associated with being female [AOR:SI-1.26(1.06,1.50), SP-1.34(1.14,1.57),], high levels of sedentary behavior [AOR:SI-2.08(1.62,2.66), SP-1.86(1.49,2.32), SA-1.96(1.45,2.64)], involvement in physical fighting [AOR:SI-1.30(1.07,1.58), SP-1.37(1.14,1.65), SA-1.50(1.17,1.90)], being seriously injured [AOR:SI-1.40(1.17,1.67), SP-1.44(1.22,1.69), SA-1.74(1.39,2.17)], being bullied [AOR:SI- 1.68(1.39,2.02), SP-1.34(1.12,1.60), SA-1.88(1.50,2.36)], feeling lonely(most of time or always) [AOR:SI-3.41(2.60,4.46), SP-1.92(1.48,2.47), SA-2.25(1.62,3.13)], lack of parental support(never checking homework) [AOR:SI-1.59(1.25,2.02), SP-1.52(1.22,1.90)] and not having close friends [AOR:SI-2.19(1.66,2.89), SP-2.26(1.74,2.94), SA-4.23(3.10,5.78)]. CONCLUSION Though prevalence of suicidal behaviors varies, a range of cross-cutting risk factors exists that warrant further examination. We recommend focusing on strengthening parental and peer support, targeted programs addressing physical activity, bullying, loneliness and mental-health of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moomtahin Sultana
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Jeff Gow
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia; School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Parvez Mosharaf
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Habibur Rahman
- Upazilla Health and Family Planning Officer's Office, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrun N Koly
- Health System and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashfikur Rahman
- Development Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Nafisa Huq
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lal B Rawal
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, College of Science and Sustainability, Central Queensland University, Australia
| | - Manasi Kumar
- Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University and University of Kenya, Kenya
| | - Rashidul Alam Mahumud
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Sprang G, Eslinger J, Whitt-Woosley A, Gusler S, Clemans T. Child Traumatic Stress and COVID-19: The Impact of the Pandemic on a Clinical Sample of Children in Trauma Treatment. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37359464 PMCID: PMC10034234 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Given the scope and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is not surprising that research has documented negative effects to youth's mental health. Yet, there is negligible research on the impact of the pandemic among clinical samples of youth receiving treatment for pre-existing trauma exposure and symptoms. The current study investigates COVID-19 as an index trauma, and if prior traumatic stress scores mediate the relationship between pandemic-related exposure and subsequent traumatic stress. METHODS This is a study of 130 youth ages 7-18 receiving trauma treatment at an academic medical center. The University of California Los Angeles Post-traumatic Stress Disorder-Reaction Index (UCLA-PTSD-RI) was completed by all youth during intake as part of routine data collection. From April, 2020 to March, 2022 the UCLA Brief COVID-19 Screen for Child/Adolescent PTSD was also administered to assess trauma exposures and symptoms specifically-related to the pandemic experience. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted on all variables of interest to describe response patterns cross-sectionally and longitudinally; a mediational analysis was used to determine if prior trauma symptoms mediate the relationship between COVID-19 exposure and response. Additionally, interviews were conducted with youth using a series of open-ended questions about their perceptions of safety, threat and coping related to the pandemic. RESULTS A quarter of the sample reported COVID-19 related exposures that would meet Criterion A for PTSD. Participants whose UCLA-COVID scores that exceeded the clinical cutoff had lower scores on two items measuring social support. There was no evidence of full or partial mediation. Responses to interview questions revealed low levels of threat reactivity, perceptions of no to little impact, positive changes, varying opinions on social isolation, some evidence of inaccurate messaging and adaptive coping using strategies learned in treatment. IMPLICATIONS The findings broaden our understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable children and provide insight into how prior trauma history and the provision of evidence-based trauma treatment impact a youth's response to pandemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginny Sprang
- Department of Psychiatry, Center On Trauma and Children, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Jessica Eslinger
- Department of Psychiatry, Center On Trauma and Children, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Adrienne Whitt-Woosley
- Department of Psychiatry, Center On Trauma and Children, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Stephanie Gusler
- Department of Psychiatry, Center On Trauma and Children, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Tracy Clemans
- Department of Psychiatry, Center On Trauma and Children, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
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Li L, Xu G, Li J, Wang Y, Bian G. Association between secondhand smoke exposure and negative emotions among 12-15-year-old non-smoking adolescents from 63 low- and middle-income countries. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:297-305. [PMID: 36586618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is associated with negative emotions in adolescents, but the association between SHS exposure and negative emotions has been understudied, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Hence, we studied the association between SHS exposure and negative emotions among 12-15-year-old non-smoking adolescents from 63 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS We calculated the pooled prevalence of SHS exposure, loneliness, and anxiety in 12-15-year-old non-smoking adolescents. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate country-specific associations between SHS exposure and negative emotions, after adjusting for important confounders. Meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the overall, regional, and country-income level pooled associations. RESULTS Of the adolescents included in the analysis, 34.88 % had less than daily SHS exposure and 13.41 % were exposed to SHS daily. The overall prevalence of loneliness and anxiety in the adolescents was 10.51 % and 8.95 %, respectively. Exposure to SHS in the past 7 days was associated with loneliness and anxiety, with odds ratios (95 % confidence intervals) of 1.15 (1.09-1.21) and 1.24 (1.17-1.31), respectively. These positive associations were observed in girls, but not in boys. In addition, there was a positive dose-response relationship between the day of exposure to SHS and loneliness and anxiety. LIMITATIONS The GSHS data were obtained from a self-report questionnaire and the participants were only adolescents in school. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a positive association between SHS exposure and negative emotions among non-smoking adolescents from LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- Precaution ang Health Care Section, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jincheng Li
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guolin Bian
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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Quarshie ENB, Dey NEY, Oppong Asante K. Adolescent suicidal behaviour in Namibia: a cross-sectional study of prevalence and correlates among 3,152 school learners aged 12-17 years. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:169. [PMID: 36922818 PMCID: PMC10018865 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While adolescent suicidal behaviour (ideation, planning, and attempt) remains a global public health concern, available county-specific evidence on the phenomenon from African countries is relatively less than enough. The present study was conducted to estimate the 12-month prevalence and describe some of the associated factors of suicide behaviour among school-going adolescents aged 12-17 years old in Namibia. METHODS Participants (n = 4531) answered a self-administered anonymous questionnaire developed and validated for the nationally representative Namibia World Health Organization Global School-based Student Health Survey conducted in 2013. We applied univariate, bivariable, and multivariable statistical approaches to the data. RESULTS Of the 3,152 analytical sample, 20.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.3-22.2%) reported suicidal ideation, 25.2% (95% CI: 22.3-28.4%) engaged in suicide planning, and 24.5% (95% CI: 20.9-28.6%) attempted suicide during the previous 12 months. Of those who attempted suicide, 14.6% (95% CI: 12.5-16.9%) reported one-time suicide attempt, and 9.9% (95% CI: 8.1-12.1%) attempted suicide at least twice in the previous 12 months. The final adjusted multivariable models showed physical attack victimisation, bullying victimisation, loneliness, and parental intrusion of privacy as key factors associated with increased likelihood of suicidal ideation, planning, one-time suicide attempt, and repeated attempted suicide. Cannabis use showed the strongest association with increased relative risk of repeated attempted suicide. CONCLUSION The evidence highlights the importance of paying more attention to addressing the mental health needs (including those related to psychological and social wellness) of school-going adolescents in Namibia. While the current study suggests that further research is warranted to explicate the pathways to adolescent suicide in Namibia, identifying and understanding the correlates (at the individual-level, family-level, interpersonal-level, school context and the broader community context) of adolescent suicidal ideations and non-fatal suicidal behaviours are useful for intervention and prevention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kwaku Oppong Asante
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 84, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Anxiety and Depression Signs Among Adolescents in 26 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Prevalence and Association With Functional Difficulties. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:S79-S87. [PMID: 36528385 PMCID: PMC9935490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to describe the occurrence of signs of depression and anxiety among adolescents from 26 low- and middle-income countries and explore the extent to which these are associated with difficulties across other functional domains. METHODS We analyzed randomly selected, nationally representative data from 26 countries with a total sample size of 123,975 adolescents aged 10-17 years. Data on functional difficulties, including signs of depression and anxiety, were collected by the Child Functioning Module, an instrument validated to identify the population of children with disabilities through household surveys. We estimated percentages and 95% confidence intervals of adolescents with difficulties across 11 domains of functioning, and of signs of depression and/or anxiety. We used multinomial regressions to estimate the association between difficulties in the different domains and having signs of depression only, signs of anxiety only, and signs of both depression and anxiety, relative to not presenting signs of depression or anxiety. RESULTS In total, 5.5% of adolescents were reported to have had signs of anxiety, 3.1% signs of depression, and 2.3% co-occurring signs of anxiety and depression. Compared to adolescents without functional difficulties, those with difficulties in one or more domains were three times more likely to have signs of depression and anxiety. The likelihood of presenting signs of depression only or signs of both depression and anxiety was significantly higher across all domains, and the highest among adolescent with difficulties to self-care and communicating. The likelihood of presenting signs of anxiety only was significantly higher across all domains except seeing and hearing, and the highest among adolescent with difficulties communicating and accepting changes. DISCUSSION Adolescents with functional difficulties in all domains analyzed, across different contexts, are more likely to experience depression and anxiety signs than those without such difficulties. Increasing the availability of population-level data on adolescent functional difficulties, including those related to depression and anxiety, is important in promoting inclusivity, participation, and the right of children to equal opportunities.
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Xiao Y, Chow JCC, Han K, Wang S. Expenditure patterns among low-income families in China: Contributing factors to child development and risks of suicidal ideation. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:560-583. [PMID: 35195287 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Low-income families in urbsan China have been benefited from the Minimum Living Standard Guarantee Assistance (dibao) policy since 1999. However, little is known about how child-specific family expenditure patterns impact child outcomes. Based on 2531 children aged 8-16 years from the National Survey of Social Policy Support System for Low-Income Families in Urban and Rural China, this is the first study of its kind to (1) identify family expenditure patterns (food, apparel, housing, transportation, pocket money, after-school education, and other educational resources) among low-income families and (2) examine their relationship with child suicide risks and developmental outcomes (academic performance, mental health, and physical health) by sex and across the dibao and marginalized families (i.e., without dibao). Latent profile analysis identified two patterns. Profile 1 (97.59%) showed low expenditure on children. Profile 2 (2.41%) prioritized expenditure in after-school programs. Mixed-effects logistic regression showed male children from marginalized families in Profile 1 are 11 times (95% confidence interval 1.10-109.52) more likely to think about suicide than female children from dibao families in Profile 2. Social policies and interventions promoting educational expenditure support and addressing the social determinants of health have the potential to reduce child suicide and improve child developmental outcomes among the urban poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Xiao
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Keqing Han
- National Institute of Social Development, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Social Development, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shencheng Wang
- Teaching and Research Department of Social and Ecological Civilization, Party School of the Central Committee of C.P.C/National Academy of Governance, Beijing, China
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Rajhvajn Bulat L, Sušac N, Ajduković M. Predicting prolonged non-suicidal self-injury behaviour and suicidal ideations in adolescence - the role of personal and environmental factors. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 43:1-12. [PMID: 36855643 PMCID: PMC9951151 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is one of the leading causes of death among adolescents and repetitional suicidal ideations (SI) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) often precede it. In order to improve recognition of youth who are at high risk of suicide, current study aims to identify which individual variables (personality, self-concept and adverse childhood experiences - ACE) predict prolonged NSSI and SI from middle to late adolescence. A 3-year longitudinal study was conducted with 1101 Croatian adolescents (aged 15-17). 181 students (72.4% females) reported either NSSI or SI or both in T1 and were included in all waves of the study. Analyses are focused on differentiation between adolescents who continue with NSSI/SI and those who stop with it in a 3-year period. Results showed that adolescents with prolonged NSSI/SI had more ACE, especially domestic violence, worse family financial status, higher neuroticism and lower results on self-concept variables. The prediction model of classification of those who have prolonged NSSI or SI was better for SI than NSSI, with predictors explaining 31% of variation in SI. Adolescents who experienced more ACE and report more neuroticism have a higher chance of prolonged SI, while youth who perceive better family financial status and have better relationships with parents have a greater chance to stop with it. For NSSI only neuroticism was a significant predictor. Considering significant variables which could predict prolonged NSSI and/or SI, data presented in this paper have both scientific and practical contribution in understanding, treating and preventing adolescents' mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Rajhvajn Bulat
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nika Sušac
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Ajduković
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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De Jaegere E, Stas P, van Heeringen K, Dumon E, van Landschoot R, Portzky G. Future-Oriented Group Training for suicidal individuals: A randomized controlled trial. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2023; 53:270-281. [PMID: 36650920 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide is a serious public health concern worldwide. Current psychological interventions targeting suicidal ideation and behavior are, however, limited and often lack convincing empirical support. Future-Oriented Group Training (FOGT) targets crucial aspects of the suicidal process, thus possibly offering a promising intervention for suicidal ideation. This study aimed at investigating the short-term and long-term effects of FOGT on suicidal thoughts and related variables. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted, comparing the intervention group (FOGT + treatment as usual (TAU)) to a control group (TAU) at pre and posttreatment and at a 12-week follow-up. Suicidal ideation was the primary outcome, while depressive symptoms, hopelessness, defeat, entrapment, worrying, and the ability for future-oriented thinking were secondary outcomes. RESULTS When compared to the control group, the intervention group showed significant decreases in worrying at posttreatment and significant increases in future-oriented thinking at follow-up. Pre-post analyses within the intervention group showed significant small-to-medium effects for primary as well as most secondary outcomes. Changes in suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, and future-oriented thinking remained significant at follow-up. CONCLUSION This study provides promising empirical evidence for the use of FOGT for individuals with suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva De Jaegere
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pauline Stas
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kees van Heeringen
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Dumon
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Renate van Landschoot
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gwendolyn Portzky
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Zhou J, Li X, Zhu D, Gong X. Cyber-victimization and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents: A Longitudinal Moderated Mediation Model. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:122-133. [PMID: 35978231 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyber-victimization is a significant risk factor for suicidal ideation among adolescents. However, little research has studied how cyber-victimization may impact suicidal ideation over time, and little is known about what protective factors can buffer against these associations. Guided by the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behavior, this longitudinal study inspected the mediating role of hopelessness in the relation between cyber-victimization and suicidal ideation and the moderating roles of mindfulness and perceived social support in those mediating associations. A total of 1110 Chinese early adolescents (46.1% female; Mage at Wave 1 = 12.90 years) participated in a three-wave longitudinal study with 6-month intervals. The results showed that cyber-victimization positively predicted adolescents' suicidal ideation 1 year later, and this effect was fully mediated by hopelessness. Mindfulness buffered against the predictive effect of cyber-victimization on hopelessness, and perceived social support buffered against the predictive effect of hopelessness on suicidal ideation. The results further showed that the indirect effect of hopelessness was more salient when there were lower levels of mindfulness and perceived social support. This study reveals the moderated mediation processes explaining the impact of cyber-victimization on adolescents' suicidal ideation. Fostering youth's mindfulness and providing social support may attenuate the effects by which cyber-victimization causes suicidal ideation via hopelessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhou
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Gong
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Biswas T, Thomas HJ, Scott JG, Munir K, Baxter J, Huda MM, Renzaho AM, Cross D, Ahmed HU, Mahumud RA, Mamun AA. Variation in the prevalence of different forms of bullying victimisation among adolescents and their associations with family, peer and school connectedness: a population-based study in 40 lower and middle income to high-income countries (LMIC-HICs). JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:1029-1039. [PMID: 36439674 PMCID: PMC9684371 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of different forms of bullying victimization experiences and their association with family functioning, peer relationships and school connectedness among adolescents across 40 lower and middle income to high-income countries (LMIC-HICs). Data were drawn from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) school-based survey of adolescents aged 11-15 years, between 2013 and 2014. We estimated the weighted prevalence by categorising experiences into traditional bullying victimization only, cyberbullying victimization only, and combined traditional and cyberbullying victimization, at country and country income classification. We used multinominal logistic regression models to estimate the adjusted association with the form of bullying victimization by demographic characteristics, family functioning, peer relationships and school connectedness. Overall, 8.0% reported traditional bullying victimization only (8.8% males, 7.4% females), 2.3% of adolescents reported cyberbullying victimization only (2.1% males, 2.2% females), and 1.7% reported combined traditional and cyber bullying victimization (1.7% males, 1.8% females). All three forms of bullying victimization during adolescence were significantly associated with poor family functioning, poor peer relations and poor school connectedness. A consistent finding is that traditional bullying victimization is considerably more common among adolescents across both LMICs and HICs than cyberbullying victimization. This study also demonstrated that a significant proportion of adolescent's experience victimization in both forms. Positive family functioning, strong peer relationships and greater school connectedness are associated with a lower risk of both forms of bullying victimization. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40653-022-00451-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Biswas
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, 80 Meiers Road, 4068 Indooroopilly, Queensland Australia
| | - Hannah J. Thomas
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - James G. Scott
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD Australia
- Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Kerim Munir
- Developmental Medicine Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Janeen Baxter
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M. Mamun Huda
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andre M.N. Renzaho
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, 2751 Penrith, NSW Australia
| | - Donna Cross
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, West Perth, Australia
| | - Helal Uddin Ahmed
- Child Adolescent and Family Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rashidul Alam Mahumud
- School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, 2751 Penrith, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, 2751 Penrith, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, 4350 Toowoomba, QLD Australia
| | - Abdullah A Mamun
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Dalforno RW, Wengert HI, Kim LP, Jacobsen KH. Anxiety and school absenteeism without permission among adolescents in 69 low- and middle-income countries. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2022; 1:100046. [PMID: 38515899 PMCID: PMC10953857 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Anxiety disorders are common among adolescents. In high-income countries, anxiety is a known contributor to truancy and school refusal, but this association has been understudied in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods We used complex samples analysis to examine the association between self-reported worry-induced insomnia (an indicator of anxiety) and unauthorized school absenteeism among 268,142 adolescents from 69 LMICs that participated in the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). Results The median proportion of students who reported experiencing symptoms of anxiety most or all of the time during the previous year was 11.4% (range: 3.6%-28.2%); in 44 of the 69 countries, girls had a significantly higher prevalence of anxiety than boys. The percentage of students reporting school absence without permission during the past month was 30.2% (range: 14.7%-56.0%); in 40 countries, boys were significantly more likely than girls to report that they had missed school without permission. In 53 countries, adolescents who reported frequent anxiety were significantly more likely to miss school than adolescents reporting infrequent anxiety; in most of those countries, the association was significant for both girls and boys. Conclusion School-based interventions that help children and adolescents learn how to manage stress and refer students with symptoms of psychiatric disorders to healthcare services that can provide formal diagnosis and clinical treatment may be useful for improving both mental health and school attendance, thus contributing to achievement of Sustainable Development Goals related to both health (SDG 3.4) and education (SDG 4.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W. Dalforno
- Pepperdine University, 24255 Pacific Coast Highway, Malibu, CA 90263, USA
| | | | - Loan Pham Kim
- Pepperdine University, 24255 Pacific Coast Highway, Malibu, CA 90263, USA
| | - Kathryn H. Jacobsen
- Department of Health Studies, University of Richmond, 231 Richmond Way, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
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Kearns JC, Kittel JA, Schlagbaum P, Pigeon WR, Glenn CR. Worry-related sleep problems and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among adolescents in 88 low-, middle-, and high-income countries: an examination of individual- and country-level factors. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1995-2011. [PMID: 34213638 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A strong association between sleep problems and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) has been demonstrated in high-income countries. The sleep-STB relationship, however, is minimally understood among youth in low and middle-incomes countries. There also is a limited understanding of how individual- (i.e., age, sex) and country-level (i.e., economic inequality, economic quality) factors may moderate the magnitude of the sleep-STB association among youth. Data were analyzed from the cross-national Global School-based Health Survey 2003-2017, which assessed a range of health behaviors among school-enrolled adolescents aged 11-18 years from 88 low-, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high-income countries. Multilevel models were used to examine the influence of individual- and country-level factors on the association between past-year worry-related sleep problems and past-year suicide ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts. Worry-related sleep problems were significantly associated with suicide ideation, plans, and attempts. Adolescent sex, country economic quality (income group designation), and country economic inequality moderated the sleep-STB association, but age did not. The sleep-STB relationship was stronger for males and across macroeconomic indices, the relationship was generally strongest among upper-middle income countries (economic quality) and countries with a big income gap (economic inequality). When examining how individual-level factors differentially affected the sleep-STB relationship within economic quality (income group designation), the effects were driven by older adolescents in high-income countries for suicide ideation and suicide plans. Study findings suggest an important role for global macroeconomic factors, for males, and older adolescents in high-income countries in the sleep-STB relationship. Future directions include expanding worldwide coverage of countries, assessing a wider range of sleep problems, and longitudinal work to understand potential mechanisms in the sleep-STB relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn C Kearns
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, 180 Meliora Hall, Box 270266, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
| | - Julie A Kittel
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Paige Schlagbaum
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wilfred R Pigeon
- VA Center for Excellence for Suicide Prevention, Finger Lakes Healthcare System, Canandaigua, NY, USA.,Sleep and Neurophysiology Research Lab, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Catherine R Glenn
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Gao T, Liang L, Li M, Su Y, Mei S, Zhou C, Meng X. Changes in the comorbidity patterns of negative emotional symptoms and Internet addiction over time among the first-year senior high school students: A one-year longitudinal study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:137-145. [PMID: 36029625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comorbidity of psychiatric disorders and Internet addiction (IA) has been widely documented. However, changes and instability of the comorbidity between negative emotional symptoms and IA over time are not fully understood. METHODS A sample of 453 first-year senior high school students completed all measures three times across one-year period and were included in the current study. The sample consisted of 163 (36.0%) males and 290 (64.0%) females. At the baseline, the mean age of the participants was 15.07 ± 0.46 (range: 12-16) years old. Latent class analysis was used to identify the latent class pattern. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was utilized to examine the association between covariates and latent classes at baseline. Latent transition analysis was applied to explore the changes in latent classes of individuals over time. RESULTS Three subgroups of negative emotional symptoms, IA and their comorbidity were identified at all the three time points. Being Internet gamers, high average time of Internet use every day, peer exclusion, verbal and physical bullying experience, and poor self-rated health were found to be significant predictors of the high comorbidity symptom. Students were more likely to remain the same class rather than moving between the latent classes across time. CONCLUSIONS A better understanding of change characteristics in latent classes across time contributes to confirm an appropriate time for intervention targeted on students who converted from low symptom class to the high class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gao
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, China; School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leilei Liang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Muzi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Songli Mei
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Chengchao Zhou
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, China.
| | - Xiangfei Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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