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Zheng Y, Feng J, Ling M, Yu Y, Tao Y, Wang X. A comprehensive review on targeting cluster of differentiation: An attractive strategy for inhibiting viruses through host proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132200. [PMID: 38723834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Viral infections continue to pose a significant global public health threat. Targeting host proteins, such as cluster of differentiation (CD) macromolecules, may offer a promising alternative approach to developing antiviral treatments. CDs are cell-surface biological macromolecules mainly expressed on leukocytes that viruses can use to enter cells, thereby evading immune detection and promoting their replication. The manipulation of CDs by viruses may represent an effective and clever means of survival through the prolonged co-evolution of hosts and viruses. Targeting of CDs is anticipated to hinder the invasion of related viruses, modulate the body's immune system, and diminish the incidence of subsequent inflammation. They have become crucial for biomedical diagnosis, and some have been used as valuable tools for resisting viral infections. However, a summary of the structures and functions of CDs involved in viral infection is currently lacking. The development of drugs targeting these biological macromolecules is restricted both in terms of their availability and the number of compounds currently identified. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the critical role of CD proteins in virus invasion and a list of relevant targeted antiviral agents, which will serve as a valuable reference for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youle Zheng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jin Feng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Min Ling
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yixin Yu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yanfei Tao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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Cela-Dablanca R, Barreiro A, Rodríguez-López L, Arias-Estévez M, Fernández-Sanjurjo M, Álvarez-Rodríguez E, Núñez-Delgado A. Azithromycin removal using pine bark, oak ash and mussel shell. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119048. [PMID: 38697595 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Adsorption is considered an interesting option for removing antibiotics from the environment because of its simple design, low cost, and potential efficiency. In this work we evaluated three by-products (pine bark, oak ash, and mussel shell) as bio-adsorbents for the antibiotic azithromycin (AZM). Furthermore, they were added at doses of 48 t ha-1 to four different soils, then comparing AZM removal for soils with and without bio-adsorbents. Batch-type experiments were used, adding AZM concentrations between 2.5 and 600 μmol L-1 to the different bio-adsorbents and soil + bio-adsorbent mixtures. Regarding the bio-adsorbents, oak ash showed the best adsorption scores (9600 μmol kg-1, meaning >80% retention), followed by pine bark (8280 μmol kg-1, 69%) and mussel shell (between 3000 and 6000 μmol kg-1, 25-50% retention). Adsorption data were adjusted to different models (Linear, Freundlich and Langmuir), showing that just mussel shell presented an acceptable fitting to the Freundlich equation, while pine bark and oak ash did not present a good adjustment to any of the three models. Regarding desorption, the values were always below the detection limit, indicating a rather irreversible adsorption of AZM onto these three by-products. Furthermore, the results showed that when the lowest concentrations of AZM were added to the not amended soils they adsorbed 100% of the antibiotic, whereas when the highest concentrations of AZM were spread, the adsorption decreased to 55%. However, when any of the three bio-adsorbents was added to the soils, AZM adsorption reached 100% for all the antibiotic concentrations used. Desorption was null in all cases for both soils with and without bio-adsorbents. These results, corresponding to an investigation carried out for the first time for the antibiotic AZM, can be seen as relevant in the search of low-cost alternative treatments to face environmental pollution caused by this emerging contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cela-Dablanca
- Dept. Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Ana Barreiro
- Dept. Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Lucía Rodríguez-López
- Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Fac. Sciences, Univ. Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Manuel Arias-Estévez
- Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Fac. Sciences, Univ. Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Sanjurjo
- Dept. Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Esperanza Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Dept. Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Avelino Núñez-Delgado
- Dept. Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
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Vitiello A, Ferrara F, Boccellino M, Ponzo A, Sabbatucci M, Zovi A. Antimicrobial Resistance in Gonorrhea. Microb Drug Resist 2024. [PMID: 38579162 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2023.0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health emergency. The World Health Organization recently highlighted the growing number of new sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea, syphilis, and Chlamydia, which are resistant to common antibiotics. The phenomenon is also on the rise due to increasing intercontinental travel. Emerging antibiotic-resistant strains of gonorrhea are particularly associated with international spread from Southeast Asian travelers. Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae can cause a wide spectrum of associated diseases such as dermatitis, arthritis and septic arthritis, and pelvic inflammatory disease, and can even lead to serious health consequences for the individual. Natural infection confers no immunity, and vaccination is not available currently, although in several countries, it has been reported that the antimeningococcal vaccine may protect against gonorrhea. Implementing all necessary preventive measures is crucial, as well as appropriate and timely diagnostic methods and effective antimicrobial therapeutic treatments in the correct modalities to avoid the increase of forms of gonorrhea that are resistant to common antibiotics and difficult to eradicate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Annarita Ponzo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michela Sabbatucci
- Department Infectious Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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Kong J, Yang F, Zong Y, Wang M, Jiang S, Ma Z, Li Z, Li W, Cai Y, Zhang H, Zhao X, Wang J. Early-life antibiotic exposure promotes house dust mite-induced allergic airway inflammation by impacting gut microbiota and lung lipid metabolism. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111449. [PMID: 38199196 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease. Early-life antibiotic exposure is a unique risk factor for the incidence and severity of asthma later in life. Perturbations in microbial-metabolite-immune interaction caused by antibiotics are closely associated with the pathogenesis of allergy and asthma. We investigated the effect of early intervention with common oral antibiotics on later asthma exacerbations and found that different antibiotic exposures can amplify different types of immune responses induced by HDM. Cefixime (CFX) promoted a biased type 2 inflammation, azithromycin (AZM) enhanced Th17 immune response, and cefuroxime axetil (CFA) induced eosinophils recruitment. Moreover, early-life antibiotic exposure can have short- and long-term effects on the abundance, composition, and diversity of the gut microbiota. In the model of CFX-promoted type 2 airway inflammation, fecal metabolomics indicated abnormal lipid metabolism and T cell response. Lipidomic also suggested allergic airway inflammation amplified by CFX is closely associated with abnormal lipid metabolism in lung tissues. Moreover, abnormalities in lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) were found to have cellular heterogeneity be associated with asthma severity by bioinformatics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Zong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Manting Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyuan Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaotian Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuqing Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenle Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Cai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huixian Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ji Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Wei L, Wang T, Luo M, Zhang S, Lu M, Zhou X, Cheng X, Wang H, Xu D. A "toxic window" study on the hippocampal development of mice offspring exposed to azithromycin at different doses, courses, and time during pregnancy. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 387:110814. [PMID: 37995777 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azithromycin, one of the new-generation macrolides, is an effective medicine for the treatment of mycoplasma infection during pregnancy. Epidemiological studies have reported adverse pregnancy outcomes with prenatal azithromycin exposure (PAzE). However, the effect of PAzE on fetal hippocampal development is unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects and potential mechanism of PAzE-induced fetal hippocampal development at different doses, courses, and time. METHOD Pregnant mice were administered azithromycin by gavage at different doses (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg.d), different courses (gestational day (GD)15-17 for three consecutive days, or GD17 once a day) and different time (GD10-12, GD15-17). RESULTS Compared with the control group, morphological development damage of the fetal hippocampus was observed in the PAzE group, with a dysbalance in neuronal proliferation and apoptosis, decreased expression of the neuronal-specific marker Snap25, NeuN, PSD95 and Map2, increased expression of the glial-specific marker Iba1, GFAP, and S-100β, and decreased expression of P2ry12. The PAzE-induced hippocampal developmental deficiency varied based on different doses, courses, and time, and the developmental toxicity was most significant in the late pregnancy, high dose, multi-course group (AZHT). The significant reduction of SOX2 and Wnt, which were related to regulation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) proliferation in PAzE fetus compared with the control group indicated that the SOX2/Wnt signaling may be involved in PAzE-induced hippocampal developmental toxicity. CONCLUSION In this study, PAzE was associated with hippocampal developmental toxicity in a variety of nerve cells. Hippocampal developmental toxicity due to azithromycin was most significant in the late pregnancy, high-dose (equivalent to maximum clinical dose) and multi-course group (AZHT). The findings provide an experimental and theoretical foundation for guiding the sensible use of medications during pregnancy and effectively assessing the risk of fetal hippocampal developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wei
- Department of Obstetric, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Obstetric, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Mingcui Luo
- Department of Obstetric, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Obstetric, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Mengxi Lu
- Department of Obstetric, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xinli Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xuelei Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Obstetric, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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6
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Kong Z, Zhu L, Liu Y, Liu Y, Chen G, Jiang T, Wang H. Effects of azithromycin exposure during pregnancy at different stages, doses and courses on testicular development in fetal mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116063. [PMID: 38154271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Azithromycin is a commonly used antibiotic during pregnancy, but some studies have suggested its potential developmental toxicity. Currently, the effects and mechanisms of prenatal azithromycin exposure (PAzE) on fetal testicular development are still unclear. The effects of prenatal exposure to the same drug on fetal testicular development could vary depending on different stages, doses, and courses. Hence, in this study, based on clinical medication characteristics, Kunming mice was administered intragastrically with azithromycin at different stages (mid-/late-pregnancy), doses (50, 100, 200 mg/kg·d), and courses (single-/multi-course). Fetal blood and testicular samples were collected on GD18 for relevant assessments. The results indicated that PAzE led to changes in fetal testicular morphology, reduced cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and decreased expression of markers related to Leydig cells (Star), Sertoli cells (Wt1), and spermatogonia (Plzf). Further investigation revealed that the effects of PAzE on fetal testicular development were characterized by mid-pregnancy, high dose (clinical dose), and single course having more pronounced effects. Additionally, the TGFβ/Smad and Nrf2 signaling pathways may be involved in the changes in fetal testicular development induced by PAzE. In summary, this study confirmed that PAzE influences fetal testicular morphological development and multicellular function. It provided theoretical and experimental evidence for guiding the rational use of azithromycin during pregnancy and further exploring the mechanisms underlying its developmental toxicity on fetal testicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Wuhan University People's Hospital, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Suizhou Emergency Medical Center, Suizhou 441300, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
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7
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Calaprice-Whitty D, Tang A, Tona J. Factors Associated with Symptom Persistence in PANS: Part I-Access to Care. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2023; 33:356-364. [PMID: 37902790 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2023.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) presents with abrupt neuropsychiatric symptoms, often after an immunologic trigger. A 2017 survey of 698 subjects found diagnostic delays to be associated with recurrences, suggesting that timely care impacts course. This secondary analysis explores the impact of barriers to care on symptom persistence. Methods: A 146-question online survey gathered history, symptomatology, intervention, and outcome data from subjects with PANS. Multivariate analyses examined associations between symptom persistence over the entire reported disease course, measured as % days symptom-free over reporting periods averaging approximately 4 years, and access-to-care history, reflected in availability of medical expertise and affordability of care. The impacts of time from symptom onset to treatment and effectiveness of initial antibiotics were also examined. Results: Among the 646 subjects analyzed, greater symptom persistence was associated with longer intervals between symptom onset and treatment (F = 4.43, p = 0.002). Thirty-four percent of subjects with the least symptom persistence (>75% symptom-free days), versus 13% of those with the most (symptoms every day), had been diagnosed by the first practitioner seen (likelihood ratio [L-R] χ2 = 36.55, p < 0.0001, for comparison across all groups). Diagnosis and treatment had not been impeded by lack of access to expertise for 52% of subjects with the least persistent symptoms, versus 22% of those with the most (L-R χ2 = 22.47, p < 0.0001). Affordability had not impacted diagnosis and treatment for 76% of subjects with the least persistent symptoms, versus 42% of those with the most (L-R χ2 = 27.83, p < 0.0001). The subjects whose PANS symptoms resolved with antibiotic treatment of the inciting infection experienced less symptom persistence than others (χ2 = 23.27, p = 0.0001). More persistently symptomatic subjects were more likely to have discontinued intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment for access-to-care reasons. Conclusions: Unimpeded access to care for PANS is associated with more symptom-free days over reporting periods averaging approximately 4 years. Difficulty reaching expert providers, missed opportunities for diagnoses, and financial limitations may worsen outcomes. Practitioners, particularly primary providers, should adhere to published diagnostic and treatment guidelines promptly upon presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Calaprice-Whitty
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Brain Inflammation Collaborative, Delafield, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Angela Tang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Janice Tona
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Shahbaz M, Tariq A, Majeed MI, Nawaz H, Rashid N, Shehnaz H, Kainat K, Hajab H, Tahira M, Huda NU, Tahseen H, Imran M. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Azithromycin as Solid Dosage by Raman Spectroscopy. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:36393-36400. [PMID: 37810726 PMCID: PMC10552109 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients are main drug constituents that ought to be identified qualitatively and quantitatively. Raman spectroscopy is aimed to be an efficient technique for pharmaceutical analysis in solid dosage forms. This technique can successfully be used in terms of qualitative and quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical drugs, their APIs, and excipients. In the proposed research, Raman spectroscopy has been employed to quantify Azithromycin based on its distinctive Raman spectral features by using commercially prepared formulations with altered API concentrations and excipients as well. Along with Raman spectroscopy, principal component analysis and partial least squares regression (PLSR), two multivariate data analysis techniques have been used for the identification and quantification of the API. For PLSR, goodness of fit of the model (R2) was found to be 0.99, whereas root mean square error of calibration was 0.46 and root mean square error of prediction was 2.42, which represent the performance of the model. This study highlights the efficiency of Raman spectroscopy in the field of pharmaceutics by preparing pharmaceutical formulations of any drug to quantify their API and excipients to compensate for the commercially prepared concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Tariq
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Majeed
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Rashid
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Education, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hina Shehnaz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Kainat
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hawa Hajab
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Tahira
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Noor ul Huda
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hira Tahseen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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Zhao L, Lv Z, Lin L, Li X, Xu J, Huang S, Chen Y, Fu Y, Peng C, Cao T, Ke Y, Xia X. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on profiles of antibiotic-resistant genes and bacteria in hospital wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122133. [PMID: 37399936 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected healthcare worldwide and has led to the excessive use of disinfectants and antimicrobial agents. However, the impact of excessive disinfection measures and specific medication prescriptions on the development and dissemination of bacterial drug resistance during the pandemic remains unclear. This study investigated the influence of the pandemic on the composition of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and pathogenic communities in hospital wastewater using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and metagenome sequencing. The overall level of antibiotics decreased after the COVID-19 outbreak, whereas the abundance of various ARGs increased in hospital wastewater. After COVID-19 outbreak, blaOXA, sul2, tetX, and qnrS had higher concentrations in winter than in summer. Seasonal factors and the COVID-19 pandemic have affected the microbial structure in wastewater, especially of Klebsiella, Escherichia, Aeromonas, and Acinetobacter. Further analysis revealed the co-existence of qnrS, blaNDM, and blaKPC during the pandemic. Various ARGs significantly correlated with mobile genetic elements, implying their potential mobility. A network analysis revealed that many pathogenic bacteria (Klebsiella, Escherichia, and Vibrio) were correlated with ARGs, indicating the existence of multi-drug resistant pathogens. Although the calculated resistome risk score did not change significantly, our results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic shifted the composition of residual antibiotics and ARGs in hospital wastewater and contributed to the dissemination of bacterial drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ziquan Lv
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liangqiang Lin
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Suli Huang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yulin Fu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Changfeng Peng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tingting Cao
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuebin Ke
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xi Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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10
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Zhang X, Xu H. Azithromycin inhibits glioblastoma angiogenesis in mice via inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 92:291-302. [PMID: 37486388 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The poor outcomes in glioblastoma (GBM) necessitate new treatments. As GBM is highly vascularized and its growth is largely dependent on angiogenesis, angiogenesis inhibitors have been hotly evaluated in clinical trials for GBM treatment for the last decade. In line with these efforts, our work reveals that azithromycin, a clinically available antibiotic, is a novel angiogenesis inhibitor. Azithromycin inhibits vessel structure formation on Matrigel of GBM-derived endothelial cell (ECs) and other types of ECs. Time course analysis shows that azithromycin interferes with the early stage of angiogenesis. Azithromycin also inhibits GBM-derived EC adhesion, growth and survival but not migration. The transgenic zebrafish Tg (fli1a: EGFP) model clearly shows that azithromycin inhibits angiogenesis in vivo. Of note, azithromycin at non-toxic dose inhibits GBM growth in mice and increases overall survival, and furthermore, this is associated with angiogenesis inhibition. Mechanism studies show that azithromycin decreases mitochondrial respiration by suppressing the activity of multiple complexes, leading to ATP reduction, oxidative stress and damage. In addition, oxidative stress induced by azithromycin is through thiol redox-mediated pathways. Our work demonstrates the anti-angiogenic activity of azithromycin via inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Our pre-clinical evidence provides a rationale for initiating clinical trials using azithromycin in combination with standard-of-care drugs for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 160 Donghu Road, 430071, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 160 Donghu Road, 430071, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Gómara-Lomero M, López-Calleja AI, Rezusta A, Aínsa JA, Ramón-García S. In vitro synergy screens of FDA-approved drugs reveal novel zidovudine- and azithromycin-based combinations with last-line antibiotics against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14429. [PMID: 37660210 PMCID: PMC10475115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) enterobacteria remains challenging due to the limited therapeutic options available. Drug repurposing could accelerate the development of new urgently needed successful interventions. This work aimed to identify and characterise novel drug combinations against Klebsiella pneumoniae based on the concepts of synergy and drug repurposing. We first performed a semi-qualitative high-throughput synergy screen (sHTSS) with tigecycline, colistin and fosfomycin (last-line antibiotics against MDR Enterobacteriaceae) against a FDA-library containing 1430 clinically approved drugs; a total of 109 compounds potentiated any of the last-line antibiotics. Selected hits were further validated by secondary checkerboard (CBA) and time-kill (TKA) assays, obtaining 15.09% and 65.85% confirmation rates, respectively. Accordingly, TKA were used for synergy classification based on determination of bactericidal activities at 8, 24 and 48 h, selecting 27 combinations against K. pneumoniae. Among them, zidovudine or azithromycin combinations with last-line antibiotics were further evaluated by TKA against a panel of 12 MDR/XDR K. pneumoniae strains, and their activities confronted with those clinical combinations currently used for MDR enterobacteria treatment; these combinations showed better bactericidal activities than usual treatments without added cytotoxicity. Our studies show that sHTSS paired to TKA are powerful tools for the identification and characterisation of novel synergistic drug combinations against K. pneumoniae. Further pre-clinical studies might support the translational potential of zidovudine- and azithromycin-based combinations for the treatment of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gómara-Lomero
- Department of Microbiology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, C/ Domingo Miral S/N, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | | | - Antonio Rezusta
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Antonio Aínsa
- Department of Microbiology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, C/ Domingo Miral S/N, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Respiratory Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Ramón-García
- Department of Microbiology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, C/ Domingo Miral S/N, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- CIBER Respiratory Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
- Research and Development Agency of Aragon (ARAID) Foundation, Zaragoza, Spain.
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12
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Kelley M, Sasaninia K, Abnousian A, Badaoui A, Owens J, Beever A, Kachour N, Tiwari RK, Venketaraman V. Additive Effects of Cyclic Peptide [R4W4] When Added Alongside Azithromycin and Rifampicin against Mycobacterium avium Infection. Pathogens 2023; 12:1057. [PMID: 37624017 PMCID: PMC10459066 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium (M. avium), a type of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), poses a risk for pulmonary infections and disseminated infections in immunocompromised individuals. Conventional treatment consists of a 12-month regimen of the first-line antibiotics rifampicin and azithromycin. However, the treatment duration and low antibiotic tolerability present challenges in the treatment of M. avium infection. Furthermore, the emergence of multidrug-resistant mycobacterium strains prompts a need for novel treatments against M. avium infection. This study aims to test the efficacy of a novel antimicrobial peptide, cyclic [R4W4], alongside the first-line antibiotics azithromycin and rifampicin in reducing M. avium survival. Colony-forming unit (CFU) counts were assessed after treating M. avium cultures with varying concentrations of cyclic [R4W4] alone or in conjunction with azithromycin or rifampicin 3 h and 4 days post-treatment. M. avium growth was significantly reduced 4 days after cyclic [R4W4] single treatment. Additionally, cyclic [R4W4]-azithromycin and cyclic [R4W4]-rifampicin combination treatments at specific concentrations significantly reduced M. avium survival 3 h and 4 days post-treatment compared with single antibiotic treatment alone. These findings demonstrate cyclic [R4W4] as a potent treatment method against M. avium and provide insight into novel therapeutic approaches against mycobacterium infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Kelley
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Kayvan Sasaninia
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (K.S.); (A.A.); (J.O.)
| | - Arbi Abnousian
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (K.S.); (A.A.); (J.O.)
| | - Ali Badaoui
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (K.S.); (A.A.); (J.O.)
| | - James Owens
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (K.S.); (A.A.); (J.O.)
| | - Abrianna Beever
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
| | - Nala Kachour
- School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tiwari
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (K.S.); (A.A.); (J.O.)
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92866, USA
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (K.S.); (A.A.); (J.O.)
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13
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Huang X, Wu B, Chen Q, Chen Y, Ji X, Zhou X, Suo B, Lin Z, Zheng X. Antibiotic resistance profile of Helicobacter pylori to 14 antibiotics: a multicenter study in Fujian, China. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15611. [PMID: 37456872 PMCID: PMC10348307 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Efficacy of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication is related to the local antimicrobial resistance epidemiology. We aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance of H. pylori in Fujian, China. Methods H. pylori-infected patients in four centers were enrolled in the study from Oct 2019 to Jan 2022. The bacteria were isolated, cultured and identified from the biopsy of patients' gastric mucosa samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by a modified broth microdilution method for H. pylori to seven guideline-recommended antibiotics and seven potential choices for H. pylori eradication. Results A total of 205 H. pylori strains were isolated. The resistance rates of amoxicillin (AMX), amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium (AMC), cefixime (CFM), gentamicin (GEN), tetracycline (TET), doxycycline (DOX), azithromycin (AZM), clarithromycin (CLR), levofloxacin (LVFX), sparfloxacin (SPFX), metronidazole (MTZ), tinidazole (TID), rifampicin (RFP) and furazolidone (FZD) were 11.22%, 12.20%, 7.32%, 12.20%, 4.88%, 4.39%, 44.39%, 43.90%, 30.24%, 21.46%, 40.98%, 45.85%, 5.37% and 10.24%, respectively. The rates of pan-sensitivity, single, double, triple and multiple resistance for seven guideline-recommended antibiotics were 32.68%, 30.24%, 13.17%, 7.76%, and 14.15%, respectively. The main double-resistance patterns were CLR+MTZ (10/205, 5%) and CLR+LVFX (9/205, 4%). The main triple-resistance pattern was CLR+MTZ+ LVFX (15/205, 7%). Conclusions In Fujian, the prevalence of H. pylori resistance to AZM, CLR, LVFX, SPFX, MTZ, and TID was high, whereas that to AMX, AMC, GEN, CFM, TET, DOX, RFP and FZD was relatively low. CFM and DOX are promising new choices for H. pylori eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Baihe Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuzhao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yushan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fuzhou No.1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinhua Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pucheng Hospital, Nanping, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pucheng Hospital, Nanping, Fujian, China
| | - Biao Suo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhihui Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoling Zheng
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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14
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Parveen S, Ali MS, Al-Lohedan HA, Hoti N, Tabassum S. Molecular interaction of lysozyme with therapeutic drug azithromycin: Effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate on binding profile. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124844. [PMID: 37210056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes an inclusive biophysical study elucidating the interaction of therapeutic drug azithromycin (Azith) with hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL). Spectroscopic and computational tools have been employed to study the interaction of Azith with HEWL at pH 7.4. The fluorescence quenching constant values (Ksv) exhibited a decrease with the increase in temperature which revealed the occurrence of static quenching mechanism between Azith and HEWL. The thermodynamic data demonstrated that hydrophobic interactions were predominantly involved in the Azith-HEWL interaction. The negative value of standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) stated that the Azith-HEWL complex formed via spontaneous molecular interactions. The effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant monomers on the binding propensity of Azith with HEWL was insignificant at lower concentrations however the binding significantly decreased at increased concentrations of the former. Far-UV CD data revealed alteration in the secondary structure of HEWL in the presence of Azith and the overall HEWL conformation changed. Molecular docking results revealed that the binding of Azith with HEWL takes place through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohd Sajid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad A Al-Lohedan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sartaj Tabassum
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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15
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Tokito T, Kido T, Muramatsu K, Tokutsu K, Okuno D, Yura H, Takemoto S, Ishimoto H, Takazono T, Sakamoto N, Obase Y, Ishimatsu Y, Fujino Y, Yatera K, Fushimi K, Matsuda S, Mukae H. Impact of Administering Intravenous Azithromycin within 7 Days of Hospitalization for Influenza Virus Pneumonia: A Propensity Score Analysis Using a Nationwide Administrative Database. Viruses 2023; 15:1142. [PMID: 37243228 PMCID: PMC10222596 DOI: 10.3390/v15051142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effectiveness of azithromycin against severe influenza is yet unclear. We retrospectively investigated the effect of intravenous azithromycin administration within 7 days of hospitalization in patients with influenza virus pneumonia and respiratory failure. Using Japan's national administrative database, we enrolled and classified 5066 patients with influenza virus pneumonia into severe, moderate, and mild groups based on their respiratory status within 7 days of hospitalization. The primary endpoints were total, 30-day, and 90-day mortality rates. The secondary endpoints were the duration of intensive-care unit management, invasive mechanical ventilation, and hospital stay. The inverse probability of the treatment weighting method with estimated propensity scores was used to minimize data collection bias. Use of intravenous azithromycin was proportional to the severity of respiratory failure (mild: 1.0%, moderate: 3.1%, severe: 14.8%). In the severe group, the 30-day mortality rate was significantly lower with azithromycin (26.49% vs. 36.65%, p = 0.038). In the moderate group, the mean duration of invasive mechanical ventilation after day 8 was shorter with azithromycin; there were no significant differences in other endpoints between the severe and moderate groups. These results suggest that intravenous azithromycin has favorable effects in patients with influenza virus pneumonia using mechanical ventilation or oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatomo Tokito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Kido
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Keiji Muramatsu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu 807-0804, Japan
| | - Kei Tokutsu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu 807-0804, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Takemoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Takazono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Noriho Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yasushi Obase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishimatsu
- Department of Nursing, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujino
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu 807-0804, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu 807-0804, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shinya Matsuda
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu 807-0804, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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16
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Zhang MQ, Wu GZ, Zhang JP, Hu CQ. The comparative analysis of gastrointestinal toxicity of azithromycin and 3'-decladinosyl azithromycin on zebrafish larvae. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 469:116529. [PMID: 37100089 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The most commonly reported side effect of azithromycin is gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, and the main acid degradation product is 3'-Decladinosyl azithromycin (impurity J). We aimed to compare the GI toxicity of azithromycin and impurity J on zebrafish larvae and investigate the mechanism causing the differential GI toxicity. Results of our study showed that the GI toxicity induced by impurity J was higher than that of azithromycin in zebrafish larvae, and the effects of impurity J on transcription in the digestive system of zebrafish larvae were significantly stronger than those of azithromycin. Additionally, impurity J exerts stronger cytotoxic effects on GES-1 cells than azithromycin. Simultaneously, impurity J significantly increased ghsrb levels in the zebrafish intestinal tract and ghsr levels in human GES-1 cells compared to azithromycin, and ghsr overexpression significantly reduced cell viability, indicating that GI toxicity induced by azithromycin and impurity J may be correlated with ghsr overexpression induced by the two compounds. Meanwhile, molecular docking analysis showed that the highest -CDOCKER interaction energy scores with the zebrafish GHSRb or human GHSR protein might reflect the effect of azithromycin and impurity J on the expression of zebrafish ghsrb or human ghsr. Thus, our results suggest that impurity J has higher GI toxicity than azithromycin due to its greater ability to elevate ghsrb expression in zebrafish intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, The National Health Commission (NHC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gui-Zhi Wu
- National Center for ADR Monitoring, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Jing-Pu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, The National Health Commission (NHC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Chang-Qin Hu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China.
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Wang J, Zhou X, Elazab ST, Park SC, Hsu WH. Should Airway Interstitial Fluid Be Used to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics of Macrolide Antibiotics for Dose Regimen Determination in Respiratory Infection? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040700. [PMID: 37107062 PMCID: PMC10135031 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrolide antibiotics are important drugs to combat infections. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of these drugs are essential for the determination of their optimal dose regimens, which affect antimicrobial pharmacodynamics and treatment success. For most drugs, the measurement of their concentrations in plasma/serum is the surrogate for drug concentrations in target tissues for therapy. However, for macrolides, simple reliance on total or free drug concentrations in serum/plasma might be misleading. The macrolide antibiotic concentrations of serum/plasma, interstitial fluid (ISF), and target tissue itself usually yield very different PK results. In fact, the PK of a macrolide antibiotic based on serum/plasma concentrations alone is not an ideal predictor for the in vivo efficacy against respiratory pathogens. Instead, the PK based on drug concentrations at the site of infection or ISF provide much more clinically relevant information than serum/plasma concentrations. This review aims to summarize and compare/discuss the use of drug concentrations of serum/plasma, airway ISF, and tissues for computing the PK of macrolides. A better understanding of the PK of macrolide antibiotics based on airway ISF concentrations will help optimize the antibacterial dose regimen as well as minimizing toxicity and the emergence of drug resistance in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030810, China
| | - Xueying Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Sara T. Elazab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Walter H. Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-2042, USA
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Song Y, Fu W, Zhang Y, Huang D, Wu J, Tong S, Zhong M, Cao H, Wang B. Azithromycin ameliorated cigarette smoke-induced airway epithelial barrier dysfunction by activating Nrf2/GCL/GSH signaling pathway. Respir Res 2023; 24:69. [PMID: 36879222 PMCID: PMC9990325 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway epithelium is the first barrier against environmental insults, and epithelial barrier dysfunction caused by cigarette smoke (CS) is particularly relevant to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) progression. Our study was to determine whether Azithromycin (AZI) ameliorates CS-induced airway epithelial barrier dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs), human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs), Sprague Dawley rats and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-/- mice were pretreated with AZI and subsequently exposed to CS. Transepithelial electronic resistance (TEER), junction proteins as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis markers were examined to assess epithelial barrier dysfunction. Metabolomics study was applied to explore the underlying mechanism of AZI. RESULTS CS-induced TEER decline and intercellular junction destruction, accompanied with inflammatory response and cell apoptosis in PBECs were restored by AZI dose-dependently, which were also observed in CS-exposed rats. Mechanistically, GSH metabolism pathway was identified as the top differentially impacted pathway and AZI treatment upregulated the activities of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) and the contents of metabolites in GSH metabolic pathway. Furthermore, AZI apparently reversed CS-induced Nrf2 suppression, and similar effects on airway epithelial barrier dysfunction were also found for Nrf2 agonist tert-butylhydroquinone and vitamin C. Finally, deletion of Nrf2 in both HBECs and C57BL/6N mice aggravated CS-induced GSH metabolism imbalance to disrupt airway epithelial barrier and partially deprived the effects of AZI. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the clinical benefits of AZI for COPD management are related with the protection of CS-induced airway epithelial barrier dysfunction via activating Nrf2/GCL/GSH pathway, providing potential therapeutic strategies for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wenhuan Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Youzhi Zhang
- Department of Respiration, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Doudou Huang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shuangmei Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Mingkang Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Huifang Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai (Huashan Hospital Fudan University Jing'an Branch), Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Santos AM, Carvalho Santana Júnior C, Nascimento Júnior JAC, Andrade TDA, Shanmugam S, Thangaraj P, Frank LA, Serafini MR. Antibacterial drugs and cyclodextrin inclusion complexes: a patent review. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:349-366. [PMID: 36722254 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2175815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacterial antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria mutate and escape the effect of antibiotics, which makes the antibiotics no longer effective in treating infections. New solutions for bacterial infections are a persistent need including the identification of drugs with better pharmacological profiles, more potent, and safer. Cyclodextrins inclusion complexes have been able to improve the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of the formulation molecules, resulting in new alternatives with better efficacy. AREAS COVERED The patents analyzed in the review used treatments based on antibiotics already on the market, natural products, and synthesized molecules composed of the formulation with cyclodextrins. The combination between cyclodextrin and nanostructures also were presented in the patents review process. Moreover, inclusion complexes have been an alternative in developing treatment mainly in China by the pharmaceutical industries in several countries such as Germany, Hungary, the United States of America, Japan and China. EXPERT OPINION This review is broad and complete since it considers the first patent involving cyclodextrins and antibacterial drugs. Therefore, the various inclusion complexes and antibacterial drugs alternatives presented in this review offer therapeutic options to fight bacterial infections. If shown to be effective, these drugs may be extremely important in the current clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Saravanan Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | - Luiza Abrahão Frank
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mairim Russo Serafini
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
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20
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Pauly I, Kumar Singh A, Kumar A, Singh Y, Thareja S, Kamal MA, Verma A, Kumar P. Current Insights and Molecular Docking Studies of the Drugs under Clinical Trial as RdRp Inhibitors in COVID-19 Treatment. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 28:3677-3705. [PMID: 36345244 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221107123841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Study Background & Objective: After the influenza pandemic (1918), COVID-19 was declared a Vth pandemic by the WHO in 2020. SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA-enveloped single-stranded virus. Based on the structure and life cycle, Protease (3CLpro), RdRp, ACE2, IL-6, and TMPRSS2 are the major targets for drug development against COVID-19. Pre-existing several drugs (FDA-approved) are used to inhibit the above targets in different diseases. In coronavirus treatment, these drugs are also in different clinical trial stages. Remdesivir (RdRp inhibitor) is the only FDA-approved medicine for coronavirus treatment. In the present study, by using the drug repurposing strategy, 70 preexisting clinical or under clinical trial molecules were used in scrutiny for RdRp inhibitor potent molecules in coronavirus treatment being surveyed via docking studies. Molecular simulation studies further confirmed the binding mechanism and stability of the most potent compounds. MATERIAL AND METHODS Docking studies were performed using the Maestro 12.9 module of Schrodinger software over 70 molecules with RdRp as the target and remdesivir as the standard drug and further confirmed by simulation studies. RESULTS The docking studies showed that many HIV protease inhibitors demonstrated remarkable binding interactions with the target RdRp. Protease inhibitors such as lopinavir and ritonavir are effective. Along with these, AT-527, ledipasvir, bicalutamide, and cobicistat showed improved docking scores. RMSD and RMSF were further analyzed for potent ledipasvir and ritonavir by simulation studies and were identified as potential candidates for corona disease. CONCLUSION The drug repurposing approach provides a new avenue in COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irine Pauly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jaddah, Saudi Arabia.,Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia.,Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Australia
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, 211007, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
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Yan S, Zhu Y, Li L, Qin S, Yuan J, Chang X, Hu S. Alginate oligosaccharide ameliorates azithromycin-induced gut microbiota disorder via Bacteroides acidifaciens-FAHFAs and Bacteroides-TCA cycle axes. Food Funct 2023; 14:427-444. [PMID: 36515227 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02812c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharide is a kind of prebiotic with broad application prospects. However, little attention is paid to the recovery effect of alginate oligosaccharide on disordered intestinal microecology caused by azithromycin. Therefore, we evaluated the regulatory effect of alginate oligosaccharide and its compound on azithromycin-disturbed gut microbiota in mice via microbiome-metabolomics analysis. The gut microbiota analysis revealed that alginate oligosaccharide and its compound significantly increased the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota which were reduced by azithromycin, with an obvious enrichment of beneficial bacteria such as the Akkermansia genus and Bacteroides acidifaciens, and a remarkable decrease of pathogenic bacteria such as the Staphylococcus genus, which indicated its impact on the gut microbiota dysbiosis. Additionally, the effect of the alginate oligosaccharide compound on regulating the gut microbiota disorder is more significant than that of alginate oligosaccharide. The favorable effects of alginate oligosaccharide were confirmed by beneficial alterations in metabolic effector molecules, which indicated that alginate oligosaccharide and its compound improved metabolic homeostasis via the Bacteroides acidifaciens-fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) axis and increasing the levels of the intermediate products of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), such as citric acid, fumaric acid and α-ketoglutaric acid. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the contents of these three metabolites were also positively related to Bacteroides acidifaciens and Bacteroides sartorii populations, suggesting the potential regulatory role of the Bacteroides genus in energy balance through the TCA cycle. This study may provide an innovative dietary strategy for the regulation of intestinal microecological disorders caused by antibiotics, and reveal the prospect of alginate oligosaccharide as an intestinal microecological regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Yan
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Lili Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.
| | - Jingyi Yuan
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.
| | - Xiulian Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Shanliang Hu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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22
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Eckert EM, Galafassi S, Bastidas Navarro M, Di Cesare A, Corno G. Increased similarity of aquatic bacterial communities of different origin after antibiotic disturbance. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120568. [PMID: 36351482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stochastic or deterministic processes control the bacterial community assembly in waters and their understanding is a fundamental question to correctly manage aquatic environments exposed to the release of antibiotics from anthropogenic sources. It has been suggested that microdiversity (i.e. the rare biosphere) convers freshwater communities with stability, meaning that previously rare taxa bloom when the community is disturbed. Since there might be a seed bank of similar, but not abundant, bacterial taxa in different waters, we tested whether a disturbance by an antibiotic cocktail would increase similarity in bacterial communities from different freshwater systems (a wastewater effluent and two lakes). In a continuous culture set-up in chemostats, we show that disturbance with antibiotics causes communities from different environments to become more similar. Once the antibiotic pressure is released the communities tend to become more dissimilar again. This shows that there is a similar shift in community composition even in waters from very different origins when they are disturbed by antibiotics, even at low concentrations. Antibiotics impact the bacterial communities at the cell and the community level, independently by the original degree of anthropogenic stress they are adapted to, altering the original phenotypes, genotypes, and the relations between bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester M Eckert
- National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute, (CNR-IRSA), L.go Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Italy
| | - Silvia Galafassi
- National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute, (CNR-IRSA), L.go Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Italy
| | - Marcela Bastidas Navarro
- Laboratorio de Limnología, INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional Del Comahue, Quintral 1250, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Andrea Di Cesare
- National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute, (CNR-IRSA), L.go Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Corno
- National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute, (CNR-IRSA), L.go Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Italy.
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Sinzervinch A, Lustosa IA, Kogawa AC. Review of Analytical Methods for Evaluating Azithromycin in the Context of Green Analytical Chemistry. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2369-2376. [PMID: 37859323 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128271482231010053929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azithromycin (AZT) is an antimicrobial available in different pharmaceutical forms and many people can have access to this medicine. Therefore, the existence of adequate and reliable analytical methods for evaluating the quality of AZT and AZT-based products is essential. OBJECTIVE/METHODS The purpose of this review is to discuss the analytical methods for evaluating AZT present in the literature and official compendia in the context of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC). RESULTS Among the methods found in the literature for evaluating AZT, the most used method is HPLC (62%) followed by TLC (14%) and the microbiological method by agar diffusion (14%). Even pharmacopoeias recommend the analysis of AZT by HPLC or agar diffusion. Acetonitrile and methanol account for 35% of the most used solvents in the analyses, followed by buffer. CONCLUSION AZT lacks analytical methods in the context of GAC. Both physical-chemical and microbiological methods can contemplate the environmentally friendly way to analyze AZT and AZT-based products, depending only on the chosen conditions. Ethanol, purified water, acetic acid instead of methanol, acetonitrile, buffer, formic acid in the physical-chemical methods are excellent alternatives. However, in the microbiological method, turbidimetry is a great option instead of agar diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Sinzervinch
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Isadora Alves Lustosa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Kogawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Azithromycin Mitigates Cisplatin-Induced Lung Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Necroptosis by Upregulating SIRT1, PPARγ, and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010052. [PMID: 36678549 PMCID: PMC9861532 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the adverse effects of the antineoplastic agent cisplatin (CIS). Oxidative stress, inflammation, and necroptosis are linked to the emergence of lung injury in various disorders. This study evaluated the effect of the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin (AZM) on oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and necroptosis in the lungs of CIS-administered rats, pinpointing the involvement of PPARγ, SIRT1, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. The rats received AZM for 10 days and a single dose of CIS on the 7th day. CIS provoked bronchial and alveolar injury along with increased levels of ROS, MDA, NO, MPO, NF-κB p65, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and decreased levels of GSH, SOD, GST, and IL-10, denoting oxidative and inflammatory responses. The necroptosis-related proteins RIP1, RIP3, MLKL, and caspase-8 were upregulated in CIS-treated rats. AZM effectively prevented lung tissue injury, ameliorated oxidative stress and NF-κB p65 and pro-inflammatory markers levels, boosted antioxidants and IL-10, and downregulated necroptosis-related proteins in CIS-administered rats. AZM decreased the concentration of Ang II and increased those of Ang (1-7), cytoglobin, PPARγ, SIRT1, Nrf2, and HO-1 in the lungs of CIS-treated rats. In conclusion, AZM attenuated the lung injury provoked by CIS in rats through the suppression of inflammation, oxidative stress, and necroptosis. The protective effect of AZM was associated with the upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, cytoglobin, PPARγ, and SIRT1.
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Zhou Z, Li Z, Wang J, Wu Z, Fu Y. Solvothermal synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots for the sensitive detection of azithromycin. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:045503. [PMID: 36301674 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac9d44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots are widely used in various drug detection applications because of their excellent photoluminescence properties. However, there are few reports about the detection of macrolide antibiotics. In this work, blue emitting nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) were synthesized by using a hydrothermal method, which exhibit the most prominent emission band at 464 nm at an excitation wavelength of 414 nm. And it was found that Cu2+alone or the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin had no significant effect on the fluorescence intensity of N-CQDs. Still, when the two were mixed, they quenched the fluorescence of N-CQDs. Based on this, a fluorescence assay for azithromycin were developed. The fluorescence of the mixture of N-CQDs and Cu2+showed good linearity with azithromycin (0.52-42.2μM) with a low detection limit of 0.52μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Zhou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichuan Wu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqiang Fu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
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Electrospun Azithromycin-Laden Gelatin Methacryloyl Fibers for Endodontic Infection Control. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213761. [PMID: 36430238 PMCID: PMC9695100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at engineering photocrosslinkable azithromycin (AZ)-laden gelatin methacryloyl fibers via electrospinning to serve as a localized and biodegradable drug delivery system for endodontic infection control. AZ at three distinct amounts was mixed with solubilized gelatin methacryloyl and the photoinitiator to obtain the following fibers: GelMA+5%AZ, GelMA+10%AZ, and GelMA+15%AZ. Fiber morphology, diameter, AZ incorporation, mechanical properties, degradation profile, and antimicrobial action against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Actinomyces naeslundii were also studied. In vitro compatibility with human-derived dental pulp stem cells and inflammatory response in vivo using a subcutaneous rat model were also determined. A bead-free fibrous microstructure with interconnected pores was observed for all groups. GelMA and GelMA+10%AZ had the highest fiber diameter means. The tensile strength of the GelMA-based fibers was reduced upon AZ addition. A similar pattern was observed for the degradation profile in vitro. GelMA+15%AZ fibers led to the highest bacterial inhibition. The presence of AZ, regardless of the concentration, did not pose significant toxicity. In vivo findings indicated higher blood vessel formation, mild inflammation, and mature and thick well-oriented collagen fibers interweaving with the engineered fibers. Altogether, AZ-laden photocrosslinkable GelMA fibers had adequate mechanical and degradation properties, with 15%AZ displaying significant antimicrobial activity without compromising biocompatibility.
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Pérez Jorge G, Rodrigues dos Santos Goes IC, Gontijo MTP. Les misérables: a Parallel Between Antimicrobial Resistance and COVID-19 in Underdeveloped and Developing Countries. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2022; 24:175-186. [PMID: 36211535 PMCID: PMC9531231 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-022-00788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The COVID-19 pandemic has been responsible for more than 6.3 million deaths worldwide. During the pandemic, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics has increased, contributing to the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this review, we aim to determine the spread and impact of antibiotic treatments in patients with COVID-19, focusing on underdeveloped and developing countries. Recent Findings Meta-analysis revealed that bacterial co-infections and secondary infections are relatively rare in COVID-19 patients, corresponding to less than 20% of hospitalized patients. Even so, most of these patients have received antibiotic treatments. Summary This review discusses how the COVID-19 pandemic could increase the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains to currently available antibiotics. Initially, we discussed the spread and impact of multidrug resistance of ESKAPE pathogens associated with nosocomial infections and analyzed their risk of secondary infections in patients with COVID-19. Then we highlight three factors related to the spread of resistant bacteria during the current pandemic: overprescription of antibiotics followed by self-medication. Finally, we discussed the lack of availability of diagnostic tests to discriminate the etiologic agent of a disease. All these factors lead to inappropriate use of antibiotics and, therefore, to an increase in the prevalence of resistance, which can have devastating consequences shortly. The data compiled in this study underscore the importance of epidemiological surveillance of hospital isolates to provide new strategies for preventing and controlling infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. In addition, the bibliographic research also highlights the need for an improvement in antibiotic prescribing in the health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesy Pérez Jorge
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, SP 13083-862 Brazil
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Sucre, Cra. 28 #5-267, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colômbia
| | - Isabella Carolina Rodrigues dos Santos Goes
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, SP 13083-862 Brazil
| | - Marco Tulio Pardini Gontijo
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, SP 13083-862 Brazil
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, 10 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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Leong CW, Yee KM, Nalaiya J, Kassim Z, Rahim SRSA, Ahmad S, Amran A, Krishnamurthy L. Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of 2 Azithromycin Tablet Formulations: A Randomized, Open-Label, 2-Stage Crossover Study in Healthy Volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2022; 11:1078-1083. [PMID: 35394123 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to assess the bioequivalence of a new branded azithromycin with the reference formulation. An open-label, randomized, 2-stage, crossover study design was implemented involving 77 healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. Each volunteer received a single dose of 250-mg azithromycin tablets test and reference formulations separated by a 21-day washout period. Twenty-two samples were collected at pre-dose and until 72 hours post-dose. Azithromycin concentrations were analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry validated method following a solid-phase plasma extraction. Noncompartmental analysis was carried out to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters, which were compared between the test and reference products using a multivariate analysis of variance. The difference between Cmax and AUC0-72 of the test and reference formulation was not significant. The 94.1% confidence intervals of ln-transformed Cmax and AUC0-72 of azithromycin were within the bioequivalence acceptance limits of 80%-125%, therefore it can be concluded that the tested formulation is bioequivalent to the reference formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kar Ming Yee
- Duopharma Innovation Sdn. Bhd, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Zawahil Kassim
- Duopharma Innovation Sdn. Bhd, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Shahnun Ahmad
- Duopharma Innovation Sdn. Bhd, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Atiqah Amran
- Duopharma Innovation Sdn. Bhd, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Huang Y, Wang W, Huang Q, Wang Z, Xu Z, Tu C, Wan D, He M, Yang X, Xu H, Wang H, Zhao Y, Tu M, Zhou Q. Clinical Efficacy and In Vitro Drug Sensitivity Test Results of Azithromycin Combined With Other Antimicrobial Therapies in the Treatment of MDR P. aeruginosa Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:944965. [PMID: 36034783 PMCID: PMC9399346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.944965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the research was to study the effect of azithromycin (AZM) in the treatment of MDR P. aeruginosa VAP combined with other antimicrobial therapies. Methods: The clinical outcomes were retrospectively collected and analyzed to elucidate the efficacy of different combinations involving azithromycin in the treatment of MDR-PA VAP. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of five drugs was measured by the agar dilution method against 27 isolates of MDR-PA, alone or in combination. Results: The incidence of VAP has increased approximately to 10.4% (961/9245) in 5 years and 18.4% (177/961) caused by P. aeruginosa ranking fourth. A total of 151 cases of MDR P. aeruginosa were included in the clinical retrospective study. Clinical efficacy results are as follows: meropenem + azithromycin (MEM + AZM) was 69.2% (9/13), cefoperazone/sulbactam + azithromycin (SCF + AZM) was 60% (6/10), and the combination of three drugs containing AZM was 69.2% (9/13). The curative effect of meropenem + amikacin (MEM + AMK) was better than that of the meropenem + levofloxacin (MEM + LEV) group, p = 0.029 (p < 0.05). The curative effect of cefoperazone/sulbactam + amikacin (SCF + AMK) was better than that of the cefoperazone/sulbactam + levofloxacin (SCF + LEV) group, p = 0.025 (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between combinations of two or three drugs containing AZM, p > 0.05 (p = 0.806). From the MIC results, the AMK single drug was already very sensitive to the selected strains. When MEM or SCF was combined with AZM, the sensitivity of them to strains can be significantly increased. When combined with MEM and AZM, the MIC50 and MIC90 of MEM decreased to 1 and 2 ug/mL from 8 to 32 ug/mL. When combined with SCF + AZM, the MIC50 of SCF decreased to 16 ug/mL, and the curve shifted obviously. However, for the combination of SCF + LEV + AZM, MIC50 and MIC90 could not achieve substantive changes. From the FIC index results, the main actions of MEM + AZM were additive effects, accounting for 72%; for the combination of SCF + AZM, the additive effect was 40%. The combination of AMK or LEV with AZM mainly showed unrelated effects, and the combination of three drugs could not improve the positive correlation between LEV and AZM. Conclusion: AZM may increase the effect of MEM or SCF against MDR P. aeruginosa VAP. Based on MEM or SCF combined with AMK or AZM, we can achieve a good effect in the treatment of MDR P. aeruginosa VAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Huang
- Intensive Care Unit, Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Wenguo Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Intensive Care Unit, Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Zhengyan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Zhuanzhuan Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Chaochao Tu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Dongli Wan
- Intensive Care Unit, Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Miaobo He
- Intensive Care Unit, Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yang
- Department of Medicine, First Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaqiang Xu
- Intensive Care Unit, Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huaqiang Xu, ; Hanqin Wang, ; Ying Zhao, ; Mingli Tu, ; Quan Zhou,
| | - Hanqin Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huaqiang Xu, ; Hanqin Wang, ; Ying Zhao, ; Mingli Tu, ; Quan Zhou,
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Huaqiang Xu, ; Hanqin Wang, ; Ying Zhao, ; Mingli Tu, ; Quan Zhou,
| | - Mingli Tu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huaqiang Xu, ; Hanqin Wang, ; Ying Zhao, ; Mingli Tu, ; Quan Zhou,
| | - Quan Zhou
- Intensive Care Unit, Suizhou Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huaqiang Xu, ; Hanqin Wang, ; Ying Zhao, ; Mingli Tu, ; Quan Zhou,
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Azithromycin through the Lens of the COVID-19 Treatment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081063. [PMID: 36009932 PMCID: PMC9404997 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Azithromycin has become famous in the last two years, not for its main antimicrobial effect, but for its potential use as a therapeutic agent for COVID-19 infection. Initially, there were some promising results that supported its use, but it has become clear that scientific results are insufficient to support such a positive assessment. In this review we will present all the literature data concerning the activity of azithromycin as an antimicrobial, an anti-inflammatory, or an antivirus agent. Our aim is to conclude whether its selection should remain as a valuable antivirus agent or if its use simply has an indirect therapeutic contribution due to its antimicrobial and/or immunomodulatory activity, and therefore, if its further use for COVID-19 treatment should be interrupted. This halt will prevent further antibiotic resistance expansion and will keep azithromycin as a valuable anti-infective therapeutic agent.
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Liang R, Ramdass A. Azithromycin-Induced Liver Injury in an Asthma Exacerbation Patient With Autoimmune Features. Cureus 2022; 14:e25447. [PMID: 35774698 PMCID: PMC9239290 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the leading causes of acute liver failure in the United States. Antimicrobials are the most common class of drugs implicated in this pathology. Although azithromycin has been documented as a relatively safe drug, one of its rare and potentially fatal side effects is DILI. Diagnosing DILI is difficult because it is a diagnosis of exclusion. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) may present similarly to DILI, and a liver biopsy may be needed to differentiate between the two conditions. We present a case of azithromycin-induced liver injury in an asthma exacerbation patient with features of AIH.
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Combination Therapy with TCM Preparation Kumu Injection and Azithromycin against Bacterial Infection and Inflammation: In Vitro and In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8533005. [PMID: 35341154 PMCID: PMC8942630 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8533005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Azithromycin (AZM) is one of the most common broad-spectrum antibiotics. However, drug resistance is increasing and combination therapy has attracted great attention. AZM is usually combined with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations with heat-clearing and detoxifying effects, including Kumu injection (KM) made from Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn. Purpose The present study aimed to investigate synergistic antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of KM plus AZM with the aim of understanding the mechanism of clinical efficacy of combination regimens. Methods Seven common bacterial clinical isolates and LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells were used for assay of in vitro potency. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for each drug, followed by synergy testing through the checkerboard method and fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) for quantifying combined antibacterial effects. The rat model of Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pneumonia was developed and subjected to various drug treatments, namely, AZM, KM, or AZM plus KM, intravenously administered at 75 mg/kg once a day for one week. The combination effects then were evaluated according to pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic assessments. Results KM-AZM combination synergistically inhibits in vitro growth of all the test standard strains except Pseudomonas aeruginosa and also the drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. Despite an additive effect against NO, KM plus AZM at an equal dose could synergistically suppress overrelease of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 by LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The combination significantly inhibited the proliferation of K. pneumoniae in the rat lungs, mainly by inactivating MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. KM-AZM combination caused a onefold increase in apparent distribution volume of AZM, along with a significant decrease of AZM level in the livers and heart for pharmacokinetics. Conclusion KM-AZM combination displayed synergistic antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects beneficial to the therapeutic potential against bacterial infection.
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Li J, Li C, Zhang H, Gao X, Wang T, Wang Z, Zheng A. Preparation of Azithromycin Amorphous Solid Dispersion by Hot-Melt Extrusion: An Advantageous Technology with Taste Masking and Solubilization Effects. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030495. [PMID: 35160485 PMCID: PMC8840525 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Azithromycin (AZI) is one of the most commonly used macrolide antibiotics in children, but has the disadvantages of a heavy bitter taste and poor solubility. In order to solve these problems, hot-melt extrusion (HME) was used to prepare azithromycin amorphous solid dispersion. Preliminary selection of a polymer for HME was conducted by calculating Hansen solubility parameter to predict the miscibility of the drug and polymer. Eudragit® RL PO was chosen as the polymer due to its combination of taste-masking effect and dissolution. Moreover, the solubility was improved with this polymer. Design of experiments (DoE) was used to optimize the formulation and process, with screw speed, extrusion temperature, and drug percentage as independent variables, and content, dissolution, and extrudates diameter as dependent variables. The optimal extrusion parameters were obtained as follows: temperature-150 °C; screw speed-75 rpm; and drug percentage-25%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) studies of the powdered solid dispersions showed that the crystalline AZI transformed into the amorphous form. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated that the formation of a hydrogen bond between AZI and the polymer led to the stabilization of AZI in its amorphous form. In conclusion, this work illustrated the importance of HME for the preparation of amorphous solid dispersion of AZI, which can solve the problems of bitterness and low solubility. It is also of great significance for the development of compliant pediatric AZI preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Conghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China;
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (Z.W.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +86-15155934952 (T.W.); +86-(0)10-66874665 (Z.W.); +86-(0)10-66931694 (A.Z.)
| | - Zengming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (X.G.)
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (Z.W.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +86-15155934952 (T.W.); +86-(0)10-66874665 (Z.W.); +86-(0)10-66931694 (A.Z.)
| | - Aiping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (X.G.)
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (Z.W.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +86-15155934952 (T.W.); +86-(0)10-66874665 (Z.W.); +86-(0)10-66931694 (A.Z.)
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Prathapan P. A determination of pan-pathogen antimicrobials? MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 14:100120. [PMID: 35098103 PMCID: PMC8785259 DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2022.100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While antimicrobial drug development has historically mitigated infectious diseases that are known, COVID-19 revealed a dearth of ‘in-advance’ therapeutics suitable for infections by pathogens that have not yet emerged. Such drugs must exhibit a property that is antithetical to the classical paradigm of antimicrobial development: the ability to treat infections by any pathogen. Characterisation of such ‘pan-pathogen’ antimicrobials requires consolidation of drug repositioning studies, a new and growing field of drug discovery. In this review, a previously-established system for evaluating repositioning studies is used to highlight 4 therapeutics which exhibit pan-pathogen properties, namely azithromycin, ivermectin, niclosamide, and nitazoxanide. Recognition of the pan-pathogen nature of these antimicrobials is the cornerstone of a novel paradigm of antimicrobial development that is not only anticipatory of pandemics and bioterrorist attacks, but cognisant of conserved anti-infective mechanisms within the host-pathogen interactome which are only now beginning to emerge. Ultimately, the discovery of pan-pathogen antimicrobials is concomitantly the discovery of a new class of antivirals, and begets significant implications for pandemic preparedness research in a world after COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Prathapan
- New Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
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Paula HSC, Santiago SB, Araújo LA, Pedroso CF, Marinho TA, Gonçalves IAJ, Santos TAP, Pinheiro RS, Oliveira GA, Batista KA. An overview on the current available treatment for COVID-19 and the impact of antibiotic administration during the pandemic. Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 55:e11631. [PMID: 34909910 PMCID: PMC8851906 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e11631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has caused several problems in healthcare systems around the world, as to date, there is no effective and specific treatment against all forms of COVID-19. Currently, drugs with therapeutic potential are being tested, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, immunotherapy, and antibiotics. Although antibiotics have no direct effect on viral infections, they are often used against secondary bacterial infections, or even as empiric treatment to reduce viral load, infection, and replication of coronaviruses. However, there are many concerns about this therapeutic approach as it may accelerate and/or increase the long-term rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We focused this overview on exploring candidate drugs for COVID-19 therapy, including antibiotics, considering the lack of specific treatment and that it is unclear whether the widespread use of antibiotics in the treatment of COVID-19 has implications for the emergence and transmission of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S C Paula
- Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Goiânia Oeste, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - S B Santiago
- Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Goiânia Oeste, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - L A Araújo
- Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Goiânia Oeste, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - C F Pedroso
- Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Goiânia Oeste, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - T A Marinho
- Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Goiânia Oeste, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - I A J Gonçalves
- Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Goiânia Oeste, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - T A P Santos
- Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Goiânia Oeste, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - R S Pinheiro
- Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Goiânia Oeste, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - G A Oliveira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Valparaíso, Valparaíso, GO, Brasil
| | - K A Batista
- Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás, Campus Goiânia Oeste, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
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Excipient-Free Inhalable Microparticles of Azithromycin Produced by Electrospray: A Novel Approach to Direct Pulmonary Delivery of Antibiotics. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13121988. [PMID: 34959270 PMCID: PMC8704604 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation therapy offers several advantages in respiratory disease treatment. Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic with poor solubility and bioavailability but with a high potential to be used to fight lung infections. The main objective of this study was to generate a new inhalable dry powder azithromycin formulation. To this end, an electrospray was used, yielding a particle size around 2.5 µm, which is considered suitable to achieve total deposition in the respiratory system. The physicochemical properties and morphology of the obtained microparticles were analysed with a battery of characterization techniques. In vitro deposition assays were evaluated after aerosolization of the powder at constant flow rate (100 L/min) and the consideration of the simulation of two different realistic breathing profiles (healthy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients) into a next generation impactor (NGI). The formulation was effective in vitro against two types of bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Finally, the particles were biocompatible, as evidenced by tests on the alveolar cell line (A549) and bronchial cell line (Calu-3).
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Overcoming the Prokaryote/Eukaryote Barrier in Tuberculosis Treatment: A Prospect for the Repurposing and Use of Antiparasitic Drugs. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112335. [PMID: 34835459 PMCID: PMC8622410 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance, the so-called silent pandemic, is pushing industry and academia to find novel antimicrobial agents with new mechanisms of action in order to be active against susceptible and drug-resistant microorganisms. In the case of tuberculosis, the need of novel anti-tuberculosis drugs is specially challenging because of the intricate biology of its causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The repurposing of medicines has arisen in recent years as a fast, low-cost, and efficient strategy to identify novel biomedical applications for already approved drugs. This review is focused on anti-parasitic drugs that have additionally demonstrated certain levels of anti-tuberculosis activity; along with this, natural products with a dual activity against parasites and against M. tuberculosis are discussed. A few clinical trials have tested antiparasitic drugs in tuberculosis patients, and have revealed effective dose and toxicity issues, which is consistent with the natural differences between tuberculosis and parasitic infections. However, through medicinal chemistry approaches, derivatives of drugs with anti-parasitic activity have become successful drugs for use in tuberculosis therapy. In summary, even when the repurposing of anti-parasitic drugs for tuberculosis treatment does not seem to be an easy job, it deserves attention as a potential contributor to fuel the anti-tuberculosis drug pipeline.
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Gelincik A, Demir S. Hypersensitivity Reactions to Non-Beta Lactam Antibiotics. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-021-00293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Narożna M, Rubiś B. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Strategies and the Potential Role of miRNA in the Assessment of COVID-19 Morbidity, Recurrence, and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8663. [PMID: 34445368 PMCID: PMC8395427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have experienced a serious pandemic. Despite significant technological advances in molecular technologies, it is very challenging to slow down the infection spread. It appeared that due to globalization, SARS-CoV-2 spread easily and adapted to new environments or geographical or weather zones. Additionally, new variants are emerging that show different infection potential and clinical outcomes. On the other hand, we have some experience with other pandemics and some solutions in virus elimination that could be adapted. This is of high importance since, as the latest reports demonstrate, vaccine technology might not follow the new, mutated virus outbreaks. Thus, identification of novel strategies and markers or diagnostic methods is highly necessary. For this reason, we present some of the latest views on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 therapeutic strategies and raise a solution based on miRNA. We believe that in the face of the rapidly increasing global situation and based on analogical studies of other viruses, the possibility of using the biological potential of miRNA technology is very promising. It could be used as a promising diagnostic and prognostic factor, as well as a therapeutic target and tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Narożna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcickiego St., 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Błażej Rubiś
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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Adam AMA, Refat MS, Altalhi TA, Alsuhaibani KS. Charge-transfer complexation of TCNE with azithromycin, the antibiotic used worldwide to treat the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Part IV: A comparison between solid and liquid interactions. J Mol Liq 2021; 340:117224. [PMID: 34393305 PMCID: PMC8354809 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Finding a cure or vaccine for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the most pressing issue facing the world in 2020 and 2021. One of the more promising current treatment protocols is based on the antibiotic azithromycin (AZM) alone or in combination with other drugs (e.g., chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine). We believe gaining new insight into the charge-transfer (CT) chemistry of this antibiotic will help researchers and physicians alike to improve these treatment protocols. Therefore, in this work, we examine the CT interaction between AZM (donor) and tetracyanoethylene (TCNE, acceptor) in either solid or liquid forms. We found that, for both phases of starting materials, AZM reacted strongly with TCNE to produce a colored, stable complex with 1:2 AZM to TCNE stoichiometry via a n → π* transition (AZM → TCNE). Even though both methodologies yielded the same product, we recommend the solid-solid interaction since it is more straightforward, environmentally friendly, and cost- and time-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Majid A Adam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moamen S Refat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq A Altalhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Hao G, Wang H, Lai X, Sun F, You J, Huang F, Liu Y, Huang L, Xin L, Song X, He X. Azithromycin "ghost peak": A solution degradation product of azithromycin via leaching from borosilicate glass volumetric flasks and vials. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 204:114248. [PMID: 34274596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An interference peak was found while detecting related substances of azithromycin. It is impressive that the degradation peak occurred at about 70 min in the next injection of the test solution (4 mg/mL or higher). Once the degradation peak was observed, it would keep growing. By using a strategy that Q-TOF high resolution mass spectrometry with mechanism-based stress studies, followed by preparative subsequent structure characterization by 1D and 2D NMR, the unknown peak was identified as azithromycin hydrogen borate. It apparently results from azithromycin and residual boron leaching out of the inner surface of the glass volumetric flasks and vials used in the sample preparation. By simulating the above chemical process, boric acid and azithromycin were dissolved in the same extraction diluent and a big interference peak occurred. It was found that boron-free flasks and vials, such as PMP or PP flasks and PTFE or PP vials could be used for the detection of azithromycin related substances to avoid the production of azithromycin hydrogen borate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gugu Hao
- Dongguan HEC Generic Drug R&D Co., Ltd, Dongguan, 523871, China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Dongguan HEC Generic Drug R&D Co., Ltd, Dongguan, 523871, China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lai
- Dongguan HEC Generic Drug R&D Co., Ltd, Dongguan, 523871, China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Fuzhou Sun
- Dongguan HEC Generic Drug R&D Co., Ltd, Dongguan, 523871, China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Jinsong You
- Dongguan HEC Generic Drug R&D Co., Ltd, Dongguan, 523871, China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Fangfang Huang
- Dongguan HEC Generic Drug R&D Co., Ltd, Dongguan, 523871, China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Dongguan HEC Generic Drug R&D Co., Ltd, Dongguan, 523871, China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Dongguan HEC Generic Drug R&D Co., Ltd, Dongguan, 523871, China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Libo Xin
- Dongguan HEC Generic Drug R&D Co., Ltd, Dongguan, 523871, China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Xuezhi Song
- Dongguan HEC Generic Drug R&D Co., Ltd, Dongguan, 523871, China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China.
| | - Xinqian He
- Dongguan HEC Generic Drug R&D Co., Ltd, Dongguan, 523871, China; Ruyuan HEC Pharmaceutical Glass Technology, Shaoguan, 512700, China.
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Use of glucocorticoids and azithromycin in the therapy of COVID-19. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1513-1519. [PMID: 34085181 PMCID: PMC8175191 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, a new variant coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in China, which was initially described as a pneumonia of an unknown agent. The new coronavirus spreads mainly by person-to-person transmission through close contact. The pathophysiology of COVID-19 is related to a complex immune system response that varies between people and, in severe cases of the disease, is characterized by excessive responses called "cytokine storms," which are associated with complications that can lead to a state of hypercoagulation and death. Glucocorticoids and azithromycin are drugs that may be effective in the treatment. This review aims to highlight the clinical findings that demonstrate the effectiveness of glucocorticoid and azithromycin therapy in the treatment of COVID-19. To date, many drugs have been studied for use in combination therapy, and the rapid expansion of knowledge about the virology of SARS-CoV-2 generates a more accurate direction in therapy.
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Liu X, Zhang J, Sang Y, Liu K, Zhu Y, Yang L, Wang S, Sheng J, Wang Q, Zhang D, Cao H, Tao F. Antibiotic exposure and potential risk of depression in the Chinese elderly: a biomonitoring-based population study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26794-26806. [PMID: 33501576 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12560-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between urinary antibiotics from various sources and depression in the elderly using the biomonitoring method. METHODS In the current study, we investigated 990 elderly individuals (≥ 60 years old) from a community-based elderly cohort in West Anhui, China. The participants were interviewed by the Geriatric Depression Scale and self-developed questionnaires. A total of 45 antibiotics belonging to nine categories were screened in urine samples by the developed liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method. Creatinine-corrected concentrations of antibiotics in urines were used to assess their exposure. Logistic regression analysis was employed to test the relationships between exposure to antibiotics and depression. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the multinomial logistic regression analyses showed the elderly exposed to higher concentrations of azithromycin (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.09-3.00) and sulfaclozine (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.05-2.28) had increased risks of depression, respectively. After categorizing the detected antibiotics, tetracyclines (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.02-2.16) and veterinary antibiotics (VAs) (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.06-2.20) were positively correlated with increased risks of depression. After stratified by sex, the VAs (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.13-3.71) at higher concentrations were associated with elevated risks of depression in males, while the associations between depression and antibiotic exposures were observed in tetracyclines (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.04-2.85) and all antibiotics (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.01-2.94) at higher levels in females, respectively. Notably, after the stratification by age, the significant associations were mainly present in the subjects under the age of 70. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that azithromycin, sulfaclozine, tetracyclines, and the VAs were significantly associated with elevated risks of depression in the elderly. Importantly, sex- and age-specific differences were observed in the associations between antibiotic exposures and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinji Liu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, 230000, Anhui, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yanru Sang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Kaiyong Liu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Yitian Zhu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Linsheng Yang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Sufang Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qunan Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hongjuan Cao
- Lu'an Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, 237000, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
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Adam AMA, Saad HA, Alsuhaibani AM, Refat MS, Hegab MS. Charge-transfer chemistry of azithromycin, the antibiotic used worldwide to treat the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Part III: A green protocol for facile synthesis of complexes with TCNQ, DDQ, and TFQ acceptors. J Mol Liq 2021; 335:116250. [PMID: 33903781 PMCID: PMC8061087 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the chemical properties of molecules used to combat the COVID-19 pandemic is of vital and pressing importance. In continuation of works aimed to explore the charge-transfer chemistry of azithromycin, the antibiotic used worldwide to treat COVID-19, the disease resulting from infection with the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, in this work, a highly efficient, simple, clean, and eco-friendly protocol was used for the facile synthesis of charge-transfer complexes (CTCs) containing azithromycin and three π-acceptors: 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ), and tetrafluoro-1,4-benzoquinone (TFQ). This protocol involves grinding bulk azithromycin as the donor (D) with the investigated acceptors at a 1:1 M ratio at room temperature without any solvent. We found that this protocol is environmentally benign, avoids hazardous organic solvents, and generates the desired CTCs with excellent yield (92–95%) in a straightforward means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Majid A Adam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam A Saad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amnah M Alsuhaibani
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moamen S Refat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Hegab
- Deanship of Supportive Studies (D.S.S.), Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Cummings CL, Miller CS. COVID-19: how a self-monitoring checklist can empower early intervention and slow disease progression. ENVIRONMENT SYSTEMS & DECISIONS 2021; 41:181-183. [PMID: 33717825 PMCID: PMC7938383 DOI: 10.1007/s10669-021-09806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus pandemic has revealed many scientific, social, and institutional challenges required to improve the health and wellbeing of individuals stricken by this disease. While organizations and governing institutions have risen to the task to concurrently prepare for and respond to this pandemic under conditions of high uncertainty and extreme pressure, another important aspect of this viral infection deserves attention and is not being fully considered, that is early intervention strategies and structured tools for individuals who test positive for the virus and begin developing symptoms. For those whose infection is progressing, we describe the potential benefits of a self-monitoring tool for use in combination with physician directed early medical interventions to slow COVID-19 progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Cummings
- Genetic Engineering and Society, Senior Research Fellow, North Carolina State University and Gene Edited Foods Project, Iowa State University, Iowa, USA
| | - Craig S. Miller
- Professor and Chief, Division of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Kentucky, USA
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Ghosh S, Bornman C, Zafer MM. Antimicrobial Resistance Threats in the emerging COVID-19 pandemic: Where do we stand? J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:555-560. [PMID: 33848884 PMCID: PMC7934675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to exert a substantial toll on the global health and world economy and is now expected to be hidden by COVID-19 for a while. The wrong consumption of antibiotics during the COVID-19 pandemic will raise disastrous effects on AMR management and antibiotic stewardship programs. This is related to the concerns extrapolated due to an increase in mortality rates in patients with bacterial coinfections. Importantly, the immune system of COVID-19 patients in regions with high AMR may be fighting on two fronts altogether, the virus and MDR bacteria. Current control policies to manage AMR and prioritization of antibiotic stewardship plans are mandatory during this pandemic. This review aims to discuss the rising concerns of the excess use of antibiotics in COVID-19 patients highlighting the role of bacterial coinfections in these patients. Types of prescribed antibiotics and the development of antibiotic resistance is addressed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Charné Bornman
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Mai M Zafer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt.
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47
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Adam AMA, Saad HA, Alsuhaibani AM, Refat MS, Hegab MS. Charge-transfer chemistry of azithromycin, the antibiotic used worldwide to treat the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Part II: Complexation with several π-acceptors (PA, CLA, CHL). J Mol Liq 2021; 325:115121. [PMID: 33518854 PMCID: PMC7837197 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Finding a vaccine or cure for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) responsible for the worldwide pandemic and its economic, medical, and psychological burdens is one of the most pressing issues presently facing the global community. One of the current treatment protocols involves the antibiotic azithromycin (AZM) alone or in combination with other compounds. Obtaining additional insight into the charge-transfer (CT) chemistry of this antibiotic could help researchers and clinicians to improve such treatment protocols. Toward this aim, we investigated the CT interactions between AZM and three π-acceptors: picric acid (PA), chloranilic acid (CLA), and chloranil (CHL) in MeOH solvent. AZM formed colored products at a 1:1 stoichiometry with the acceptors through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. An n → π* interaction was also proposed for the AZM-CHL CT product. The synthesized CT products had markedly different morphologies from the free reactants, exhibiting a semi-crystalline structure composed of spherical particles with diameters ranging from 50 to 90 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Majid A Adam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam A Saad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amnah M Alsuhaibani
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, 4545 - King Khalid Airport Unit No. 1, Riyadh 13415-7132, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moamen S Refat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Hegab
- Deanship of Supportive Studies (D.S.S.), Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Adam AMA, Saad HA, Alsuhaibani AM, Refat MS, Hegab MS. Charge-transfer chemistry of azithromycin, the antibiotic used worldwide to treat the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Part I: Complexation with iodine in different solvents. J Mol Liq 2021; 325:115187. [PMID: 33390633 PMCID: PMC7764390 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Around the world, the antibiotic azithromycin (AZM) is currently being used to treat the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in conjunction with hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine. Investigating the chemical and physical properties of compounds used alone or in combination to combat the COVID-19 pandemic is of vital and pressing importance. The purpose of this study was to characterize the charge transfer (CT) complexation of AZM with iodine in four different solvents: CH2Cl2, CHCl3, CCl4, and C6H5Cl. AZM reacted with iodine at a 1:1 M ratio (AZM to I2) in the CHCl3 solvent and a 1:2 M ratio in the other three solvents, as evidenced by data obtained from an elemental analysis of the solid CT products and spectrophotometric titration and Job's continuous variation method for the soluble CT products. Data obtained from UV-visible and Raman spectroscopies indicated that AZM strongly interacted with iodine in the CH2Cl2, CCl4, and C6H5Cl solvents by a physically potent n→σ* interaction to produce a tri-iodide complex formulated as [AZM·I+]I3 -. XRD and TEM analyses revealed that, in all solvents, the AZM-I2 complex possessed an amorphous structure composed of spherical particles ranging from 80 to 110 nm that tended to aggregate into clusters. The findings described in the present study will hopefully contribute to optimizing the treatment protocols for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Majid A Adam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam A Saad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amnah M Alsuhaibani
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, 4545 - King Khalid Airport Unit No. 1, Riyadh 13415-7132, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moamen S Refat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Hegab
- Deanship of Supportive Studies (D.S.S.), Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Fantini J, Chahinian H, Yahi N. Leveraging coronavirus binding to gangliosides for innovative vaccine and therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 538:132-136. [PMID: 33097184 PMCID: PMC7547605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Covid-19 is an infectious respiratory disease due to a coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. A critical step of the infection cycle is the binding of the virus spike S protein to the cellular ACE-2 receptor. This interaction involves a receptor binding domain (RBD) located at the center of the S trimer, whereas the lateral N-terminal domain (NTD) displays a flat ganglioside binding site that enables the virus to bind to lipid rafts of the plasma membrane, where the ACE-2 receptor resides. S protein binding to lipid rafts can be blocked by hydroxychloroquine, which binds to gangliosides, and by azithromycin, which binds to the NTD. Based on these data, we identified the NTD of SARS-CoV-2 as a promising target for both therapeutic and vaccine strategies, a notion later supported by the discovery, in convalescent Covid-19 patients, of a neutralizing antibody (4A8) that selectively binds to the NTD. The 4A8 epitope overlaps the ganglioside binding domain, denying any access of the virus to lipid rafts when the antibody is bound to the S protein. Thus, our data explain why antibody binding to the tip of the NTD results in SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. The high level of conservation of the ganglioside binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 (100% identity in 584 of 600 isolates analyzed worldwide) offers unique opportunities for innovative vaccine/therapeutic strategies.
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Huang T, Sun L, Kang D, Poongavanam V, Liu X, Zhan P, Menéndez-Arias L. Search, Identification, and Design of Effective Antiviral Drugs Against Pandemic Human Coronaviruses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1322:219-260. [PMID: 34258743 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0267-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent coronavirus outbreaks of SARS-CoV-1 (2002-2003), MERS-CoV (since 2012), and SARS-CoV-2 (since the end of 2019) are examples of how viruses can damage health care and generate havoc all over the world. Coronavirus can spread quickly from person to person causing high morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, the antiviral armamentarium is insufficient to fight these infections. In this chapter, we provide a detailed summary of the current situation in the development of drugs directed against pandemic human coronaviruses. Apart from the recently licensed remdesivir, other antiviral agents discussed in this review include molecules targeting viral components (e.g., RNA polymerase inhibitors, entry inhibitors, or protease inhibitors), compounds interfering with virus-host interactions, and drugs identified in large screening assays, effective against coronavirus replication, but with an uncertain mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianguang Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Luis Menéndez-Arias
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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