1
|
Marx S, May JH, Cohen T, Kamber B, McGowan H, Petherick L. Dust emissions from Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre: a review. T ROY SOC SOUTH AUST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2022.2054918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.K. Marx
- GeoQuEST Research Centre - School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J-H May
- School of Geography, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - T. Cohen
- GeoQuEST Research Centre - School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - B.S. Kamber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Wellington, Queensland, Australia
| | - H.A. McGowan
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - L. Petherick
- School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu X, Jiang W, Yu K, Xu S, Yang H, Wang N, Wei C, Feng C, Sun Y, Xie S. Coral-inferred historical changes of nickel emissions related to industrial and transportation activities in the Beibu Gulf, northern South China Sea. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127422. [PMID: 34634698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most abundant metals in heavy oils, Ni has suffered so notably increasing impacts from industrial and traffic activities that anthropogenic Ni emissions have altered natural geochemical processes. The coral Ni/Ca has become a reliable proxy for characterizing marine pollution, but this potential has been unexploited for highlighting oil pollution. Here, we utilized a high-resolution record of geochemical parameters (Ni/Ca, δ18O, and δ13C) in a Porites coral of an offshore island in the northern South China Sea to reconstruct of Ni distribution patterns in surface seawater from 1984 to 2015. The coral Ni/Ca ratios exhibit minor fluctuations, except for multiple mutation peaks (0.20 ± 0.42 μmol/mol) during the period from 1984 to 1993. The ratio was low and stable (0.10 ± 0.09 μmol/mol) from 1994 to 2008, and then increased rapidly with significant variations (1.60 ± 4.56 μmol/mol) from 2009 to 2015. The coral Ni/Ca ratios captured all significant Ni discharges, and this demonstrates its potential for recording oil spill episodes. The historical variations in the contributions of Ni indicate that industrial and traffic activities should be responsible for changes in the anthropogenic input. The leaks and consumptions of petroleum likely account for the primary Ni emission sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Wu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, PR China.
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, PR China.
| | - Shendong Xu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, PR China
| | - Haodan Yang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Chaoshuai Wei
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Chunmei Feng
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yinan Sun
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Sirong Xie
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thomas ZA, Mooney S, Cadd H, Baker A, Turney C, Schneider L, Hogg A, Haberle S, Green K, Weyrich LS, Pérez V, Moore NE, Zawadzki A, Kelloway SJ, Khan SJ. Late Holocene climate anomaly concurrent with fire activity and ecosystem shifts in the eastern Australian Highlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149542. [PMID: 34454138 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The alpine area of the Australian mainland is highly sensitive to climate and environmental change, and potentially vulnerable to ecosystem tipping points. Over the next two decades the Australian alpine region is predicted to experience temperature increases of at least 1 °C, coupled with a substantial decrease in snow cover. Extending the short instrumental record in these regions is imperative to put future change into context, and potentially provide analogues of warming. We reconstructed past temperatures, using a lipid biomarker palaeothermometer technique and mercury flux changes for the past 3500 years from the sediments of Club Lake, a high-altitude alpine tarn in the Snowy Mountains, southeastern Australia. Using a multi-proxy framework, including pollen and charcoal analyses, high-resolution geochemistry, and ancient microbial community composition, supported by high-resolution 210Pb and AMS 14C dating, we investigated local and regional ecological and environmental changes occurring in response to changes in temperature. We find the region experienced a general warming trend over the last 3500 years, with a pronounced climate anomaly occurring between 1000 and 1600 cal yrs. BP. Shifts in vegetation took place during this warm period, characterised by a decline in alpine species and an increase in open woodland taxa which co-occurred with an increase in regional fire activity. Given the narrow altitudinal band of Australian alpine vegetation, any future warming has the potential to result in the extinction of alpine species, including several endemic to the area, as treelines are driven to higher elevations. These findings suggest ongoing conservation efforts will be needed to protect the vulnerable alpine environments from the combined threats of climate changes, fire and invasive species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoë A Thomas
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), Australia.
| | - Scott Mooney
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), Australia
| | - Haidee Cadd
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), Australia
| | - Andy Baker
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), Australia
| | - Chris Turney
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), Australia
| | - Larissa Schneider
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), Australia; School of Culture, History and Language. Australian National University. Coombs Bld 9, Fellows Rd., 2601 Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Alan Hogg
- Waikato Radiocarbon Laboratory, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Simon Haberle
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), Australia; School of Culture, History and Language. Australian National University. Coombs Bld 9, Fellows Rd., 2601 Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ken Green
- College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Laura S Weyrich
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), Australia; Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, University of Adelaide, Australia; Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Vilma Pérez
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nicole E Moore
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Atun Zawadzki
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Sarah J Kelloway
- Sydney Analytical, University of Sydney, Madsen Building, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Stuart J Khan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu H, Gu Y, Qin Y, Yu Z, Huang X, Xie S, Zheng M, Zhang Z, Cheng S. The elemental enrichments at Dajiuhu Peatland in the Middle Yangtze Valley in response to changes in East Asian monsoon and human activity since 20,000 cal yr BP. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143990. [PMID: 33316522 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here we present multiproxy inorganic geochemical records from a peat core (ZK5) from the Dajiuhu Basin in central China to investigate peatland deposition processes and atmospheric metal pollution and to explore their relationships with East Asian monsoon change and human activities in the Middle Yangtze Valley since 20,000 cal yr BP. The peat physicochemical data including total organic carbon (TOC), trace elements, and grain-size show that the site has changed from a lake during the cold-wet Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 20,000-18,000 cal yr BP), to a marshy wetland during the mild last deglaciation (18,000-11,500 cal yr BP) and a peatland during the mostly warm and dry Holocene (11,500 cal yr BP-present). This general sequence corresponds with changes in East Asian monsoon indicated by stalagmites δ18O records and boreal summer insolation. Marked decreases in trace element concentrations correspond to two periods of peatland expansion during the abrupt hydroclimatic transitions from the LGM to the last deglaciation and from the last deglaciation to the early Holocene. Warm-dry mid-Holocene might induce high organic matter decomposition in peat sediments. Increasing natural element concentrations since the late Holocene are correlated with the weakening of the summer monsoon and elevated atmospheric dust deposition. Increasing Cu and Pb concentrations in peat record indicate large-scale Cu smelting during the Bronze Age and excessive coal burning during the 10th century or so. The anthropogenic heavy metals were transported by prevailing East Asian summer monsoon and deposited in the Dajiuhu Basin during periods of heightened human activities. Our compilation of heavy metals records across China confirmed the noticeable impacts of the historical human activity on deposition environments during the late Holocene. Consequently, trace elements from the Dajiuhu Basin are reliable proxies for capturing monsoon climate-induced peatland deposition response and present important evidence for a historical atmospheric heavy metal pollution in the Middle Yangtze Valley. Our results offer useful references for peatland evolution and protection under the background of global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Eco-Restoration (WEER), China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yansheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Eco-Restoration (WEER), China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yangmin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Eco-Restoration (WEER), China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zicheng Yu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA; Institute for Peat and Mire Research, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xianyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shucheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Min Zheng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Eco-Restoration (WEER), China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Shennongjia National Park Administration, Shennongjia 442400, Hubei, China
| | - Shenggao Cheng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
De Vleeschouwer F, Baron S, Cloy JM, Enrico M, Ettler V, Fagel N, Kempter H, Kylander M, Li C, Longman J, Martinez-Cortizas A, Marx S, Mattielli N, Mighall T, Nieminen TM, Piotrowska N, Pontevedra-Pombal X, Pratte S, Renson V, Shotyk W, Shuttleworth E, Sikorski J, Stromsoe N, Talbot J, von Scheffer C, Weiss D, Zaccone C, Le Roux G. Comment on: "A novel approach to peatlands as archives of total cumulative spatial pollution loads from atmospheric deposition of airborne elements complementary to EMEP data: Priority pollutants (Pb, Cd, Hg)" by Ewa Miszczak, Sebastian Stefaniak, Adam Michczyński, Eiliv Steinnes and Irena Twardowska. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:138699. [PMID: 32376094 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A recent paper by Miszczak et al. (2020) examines metal contamination of mires in Poland and Norway. The authors conclude that lead (Pb) records in ombrotrophic peatlands cannot be used to reconstruct the chronological history of anthropogenic activities due to post-depositional mobility of the metal. We contest this general conclusion which stands in contrast with a significant body of literature demonstrating that Pb is largely immobile in the vast majority of ombrotrophic peatlands. Our aim is to reaffirm the crucial contribution that peat records have made to our knowledge of atmospheric Pb contamination. In addition, we reiterate the necessity of following established protocols to produce reliable records of anthropogenic Pb contamination in environmental archives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F De Vleeschouwer
- Instituto Franco-Argentino para el Estudio del Clima y sus Impactos (UMI IFAECI/CNRS-CONICET-UBA-IRD), Argentina.
| | - S Baron
- Laboratoire TRACES (CNRS, Université de Toulouse), France
| | - J M Cloy
- Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Enrico
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - V Ettler
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - N Fagel
- AGEs, Département de Géologie, Université de Liège, Belgium
| | - H Kempter
- Welzheimer Str. 14, D-71566 Althuette, Germany
| | - M Kylander
- Department of Geological Sciences and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - C Li
- Geoscience Environnement Toulouse (CNRS-UPS-IRD-CNAP-CNES), France
| | - J Longman
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - S Marx
- GeoQuEST Research Centre, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - N Mattielli
- Laboratoire G-Time, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - T Mighall
- School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - T M Nieminen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Piotrowska
- Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics-CSE, GADAM Center, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - S Pratte
- Department of Geography, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - V Renson
- Research Reactor, University of Missouri, USA
| | - W Shotyk
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - J Sikorski
- Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics-CSE, GADAM Center, Gliwice, Poland
| | - N Stromsoe
- College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Australia
| | - J Talbot
- Département de Géographie, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - C von Scheffer
- Institute for Ecosystem Research, Kiel University, Germany
| | - D Weiss
- Imperial College London, UK; Princeton University, Princeton, USA
| | - C Zaccone
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Italy
| | - G Le Roux
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abbasi S, Keshavarzi B, Moore F, Hopke PK, Kelly FJ, Dominguez AO. Elemental and magnetic analyses, source identification, and oxidative potential of airborne, passive, and street dust particles in Asaluyeh County, Iran. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:136132. [PMID: 31865089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important environmental issues in arid and semi-arid regions is deposition of dust particles. In this study, airborne, passive, and street dust samples were collected in Asaluyeh County, in August 2017, September 2017, and February 2018. The PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations for the sampling period ranged between 19.7 and 76.0 μg/m3 and 47.16-348 μg/m3 with an average of 46.4 μg/m3 and 143 μg/m3, respectively. Monthly dust deposition rates ranged from 5.2 to 26.1 g/m2 with an average of 17.85 g/m2. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) applied to the dust compositional data indicated that Sb, Zn, Pb, Mo, Cu, and As come from anthropogenic sources while Al, Fe, Ti, Mn, Ni, Cr, and Co originate mostly from geogenic sources. The PMF results indicated that the geogenic material was the major source of passive and airborne dust samples. Elemental compositions were similar for passive dust and local surface soil. Frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility (χIf and χfd%) showed that the local soil is entisol. Isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM-100mT/IRM1T) versus saturation IRM (SIRM) demonstrated that the background sample contains ferrimagnetic minerals, but with increasing SIRM, the concentration of soft magnetic magnetite-like phases increases and the magnetic particles are larger. Mrs./Ms. versus Bcr/Bc indicated that the magnetic particles sizes were probably between 120 and 1000 nm. Eu values and the mean Eu/Eu* and La/Al values clearly show that the airborne dust is most affected by oil industries, while passive dust samples primarily originated from local surface soils. These assumptions were confirmed by Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model results. The samples display a moderate level of oxidation towards ascorbic acid (OPAA) and glutathione (OPGSH). Regarding the passive and airborne dust samples, backward Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) modeling results display a significant positive relationship between geogenic material and oxidative potential (OP). It includes many redox-active transition metals. Alternatively, the street dust OP is strongly related to geogenic and industrial sources and OPAA is marginally related to urban sources. It was shown that measured magnetic parameters can be used for OP estimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Abbasi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran
| | - Behnam Keshavarzi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran.
| | - Farid Moore
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States; Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Frank J Kelly
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Ana Oliete Dominguez
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Miszczak E, Stefaniak S, Michczyński A, Steinnes E, Twardowska I. A novel approach to peatlands as archives of total cumulative spatial pollution loads from atmospheric deposition of airborne elements complementary to EMEP data: priority pollutants (Pb, Cd, Hg). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135776. [PMID: 31972936 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to using peatlands for assessment of cumulative contributions from long-range transport of pollutants (LRTP) - airborne trace elements - to spatial pollution was exemplified in evaluating retrospective atmospheric deposition of priority pollutants (Pb, Cd, Hg) in peat bogs in Norway in areas minor affected by local sources of pollution and in NW Poland located on the way of possible LRTP from Poland to Norway. Peat from the corresponding 14C-dated layers of five ombrotrophic bogs in each country, was analysed for trace element contents. Pollutant concentrations/load distribution along the peat profiles related to bulk density has given a clear evidence of uneven density-dependent temporal vertical migration of all studied elements that distorts the chronology of their deposition. Much higher loads of Pb, Cd and Hg in southern Norwegian bogs than in bogs located in NW Poland proved transboundary transport from neighbouring highly industrialized European countries to be much more significant contributor to high deposition of the priority pollutants in this area and rather excludes LRTP from Poland as a major source of total land pollution in southernmost Norway. The study showed excellent applicability of peat bogs for the exact assessment of retrospective cumulative pollutant loads from LRTP, but not for the identification of deposition chronology. Combining the use of ombrotrophic peat bogs as tools for retrospective monitoring of cumulative land pollution with airborne elements with current LRTP data within the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-Range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP) may provide a complete reliable picture of the effect of anthropogenic emissions on soil quality and create a foundation of optimum environmental policy and activities in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Miszczak
- Institute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie st. 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Sebastian Stefaniak
- Institute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie st. 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Adam Michczyński
- Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics, Department of Radioisotopes, GADAM Centre of Excellence, Konarskiego st. 22b, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Eiliv Steinnes
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Irena Twardowska
- Institute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie st. 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu J, Ren S, Zhou Y, Tsang DCW, Lippold H, Wang J, Yin M, Xiao T, Luo X, Chen Y. High contamination risks of thallium and associated metal(loid)s in fluvial sediments from a steel-making area and implications for environmental management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 250:109513. [PMID: 31521041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thallium (Tl) is an uncommon toxic element, with an even greater toxicity than that of As, Hg and Cd. Steel-making industry has been identified as an emerging new significant source of Tl contamination in China. This paper presents a pilot investigation of the contamination and geochemical transfer of Tl and associated metal(loid)s in river sediments affected by long-term waste discharge from the steel-making industry. The results uncovered an overall Tl contamination (1.96 ± 0.42 mg/kg) across a sediment profile of approximately 1.5 m in length, even 10 km downstream the steel plant. Highly elevated contents of Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn and Sb were found in the fluvial sediments, displaying strong positive correlations with Tl contents. Elevated levels of geochemically mobile Tl as well as Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb occurred in the fluvial sediments, signifying anthropogenic imprints from steel production activities at high temperature. Levels of contamination and ecological risk were calculated to be moderate to considerable for Tl, Cu, Zn and high to very high for Cd, Pb, Sb. The results highlight that there is a great challenge in view of potentially considerable Tl pollution due to continuous massive steel production in many other parts of China. It is high time to initiate process-based management of Tl contamination control for the ambient aquifer system in the steel-making area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research At Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shixing Ren
- Institute of Environmental Research At Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Research At Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Holger Lippold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institut für Ressourcenökologie, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research At Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Meiling Yin
- Institute of Environmental Research At Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Research At Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xuwen Luo
- Institute of Environmental Research At Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Institute of Environmental Research At Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gallego JLR, Ortiz JE, Sánchez-Palencia Y, Baragaño D, Borrego ÁG, Torres T. A multivariate examination of the timing and accumulation of potentially toxic elements at Las Conchas bog (NW Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113048. [PMID: 31454580 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The inorganic content of the well-preserved 3.2-m record of Las Conchas bog (NW Spain), covering 8000 cal yr BP., was analysed. To study natural vs. human contributions, we applied an innovative approach, namely the sequential study of multivariate statistics (factor analysis followed by clustering of the factor score matrix) and enrichment factors (EFs). The increasing weight of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as the geochemical association of Zn, Pb and Cd (EFs higher than 10, 20 and 40 in the last two centuries) was revealed, and corroborated by the contrast between the contents of anthropogenic Pb and total Rare Earth Elements (a suitable proxy for natural geogenic supplies). Furthermore, elements such as Hg, Tl and As also showed enrichment in the most recent samples of the study core. Some of them are commonly associated with global atmospheric transport; however, in this case, their increasing contents could also be explained by nearby industrial and mining activities. In summary, severe pollution was observed in the uppermost part of the record, thereby pointing to an important environmental concern. Given that local and regional sources of PTEs, such as mining and heavy industry, especially Zn smelting, were probably the main historical causes of this contamination and that some of these industries are still active, we consider that our findings deserve further attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José L R Gallego
- INDUROT and Environmental Biotechnology and Geochemistry Group, Campus de Mieres, Universidad de Oviedo, Mieres 33600, Spain.
| | - José E Ortiz
- Biomolecular Stratigraphy Laboratory, E.T.S.I. Minas y Energía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28003, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sánchez-Palencia
- Biomolecular Stratigraphy Laboratory, E.T.S.I. Minas y Energía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28003, Spain
| | - Diego Baragaño
- INDUROT and Environmental Biotechnology and Geochemistry Group, Campus de Mieres, Universidad de Oviedo, Mieres 33600, Spain
| | | | - Trinidad Torres
- Biomolecular Stratigraphy Laboratory, E.T.S.I. Minas y Energía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28003, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Philpot SM, Lavers JL, Nugegoda D, Gilmour ME, Hutton I, Bond AL. Trace element concentrations in feathers of seven petrels (Pterodroma spp.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9640-9648. [PMID: 30729429 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gadfly petrels (Pterodroma spp.) are one of the most threatened and poorly studied seabird groups, and as marine predators, are exposed to biomagnified and bioaccumulated chemical pollutants from their prey. We quantified trace element concentrations in breast feathers of seven petrel species that breed in the southern hemisphere to quantify current concentrations. Selenium (Se) concentrations were significantly lower in chicks than adults; this was not observed for zinc (Zn) or lead (Pb). Overall, the species examined here exhibited similar concentrations of Se, with Pb and Zn concentrations more variable among species. The mean Se concentration in adult birds exceeded those thought to be potentially deleterious, and three species had concentrations that were above the assumed threshold for Pb toxicity. Further investigation of potentially toxic trace elements in gadfly petrels is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Philpot
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, Tasmania, 7004, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Lavers
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, Tasmania, 7004, Australia.
| | - Dayanthi Nugegoda
- School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Morgan E Gilmour
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Ian Hutton
- Lord Howe Island Museum, P.O. Box 157, Lord Howe Island, New South Wales, 2898, Australia
| | - Alexander L Bond
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, Tasmania, 7004, Australia
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, SG19 2DL, UK
- Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Akeman Street, Tring, Hertfordshire, HP23 6AP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rosca C, Schoenberg R, Tomlinson EL, Kamber BS. Combined zinc-lead isotope and trace-metal assessment of recent atmospheric pollution sources recorded in Irish peatlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:234-249. [PMID: 30577019 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atmospherically-fed Earth surface archives such as ombrotrophic peatlands, lake sediments, and ice consistently show an upward increase in Zn concentrations of hitherto unclear origin. Here, we present a combined stable Zn isotope and trace element (Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu, Cr, V, Ta, Pb) dataset for a historically polluted, near-urban bog (Liffey Head) from the east coast of Ireland. This peat record is compared to an archive from a rural site at the west coast of Ireland (Brackloon Wood). Both archives show a clear near-surface increase in Zn deposition, accompanied by periodic deposition in Cr, Ni, Mo, and V suggesting a co-genetic origin of these elements. In the Liffey Head site, biologic upward distillation of nutrients can be excluded as the origin of the elemental enrichments. The differences in the excess metal ratios between the two sites (e.g., Zn/Cd of 426-1564, east, and 77-106, west) are attributed to a higher contribution from traffic emissions (diesel, petrol) and oil-burning at the near-urban site, and dominant atmospheric influence from solid fossil fuel combustion emissions (e.g., mixed fuel, coal and wood) at the rural site. The Zn isotope composition in the historically-polluted Liffey Head bog evolved from δ66/64ZnJMC-Lyon values of 0.72 ± 0.03‰ in the peat accumulated during the 19th century to lighter ratios (0.18 ± 0.03‰) towards the top of the monolith (i.e., recent). Zinc-isotope ratios are positively correlated with excess metal/Cd ratios and also with 206Pb/207Pb, collectively fingerprinting the gradual change from a mining-dominated to a traffic-dominated atmospheric pollution at the east coast over the past century. A prevalent input, interpreted to represent combustion emissions from diesel engines, is observed for the past 15 years. Combined with trace elements and radiogenic Pb isotopes, the information obtained with the Zn isotope systematics adds towards an in-depth characterisation of the pollution signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronny Schoenberg
- Isotope Geochemistry, Department of Geosciences, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou X, Taylor MP, Davies PJ. Tracing natural and industrial contamination and lead isotopic compositions in an Australian native bee species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:54-62. [PMID: 29960253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates trace element concentrations (arsenic (As), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn)) and Pb isotopic compositions in an Australian native bee species, Tetragonula carbonaria, and its products of honey and wax. Co-located soil and dust samples were simultaneously analysed with the objective of determining if the bees or their products had potential application as a proxy for monitoring environmental contamination. The most significant relationships were found between Pb concentrations in honey (r = 0.814, p = 0.014) and wax (r = 0.883, p = 0.004) and those in co-located dust samples. In addition, Zn concentrations in honey and soil were significantly associated (r = 0.709, p = 0.049). Lead isotopic compositions of native bee products collected from background sites adjacent to Sydney national parks (206Pb/207Pb = 1.144, 208Pb/207Pb = 2.437) corresponded to local geogenic rock and soil values (206Pb/207Pb = 1.123-1.176, 208Pb/207Pb = 2.413-2.500). By contrast, inner Sydney metropolitan samples, including native bees and wax (206Pb/207Pb = 1.072-1.121, 208Pb/207Pb = 2.348-2.409), co-located soil and dust (206Pb/207Pb = 1.090-1.122, 208Pb/207Pb = 2.368-2.403), corresponded most closely to aerosols collected during the period of leaded petrol use (206Pb/207Pb = 1.067-1.148, 208Pb/207Pb = 2.341-2.410). A large range of Pb isotopic compositions in beehive samples suggests that other legacy sources, such as Pb-based paints and industrials, may have also contributed to Pb contamination in beehive samples. Native bee data were compared to corresponding samples from the more common European honey bee (Apis mellifera). Although Pb isotopic compositions were similar in both species, significant differences in trace element concentrations were evident across the trace element suite, the bees and their products. The statistical association between T. carbonaria and co-located environmental contaminant concentrations were stronger than those in European honey bees, which may be attributable to its smaller foraging distance (0.3-0.7 km versus 5-9 km, respectively). This implies that T. carbonaria may be more suitable for assessing small spatial scale variations of trace element concentrations than European honey bees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Zhou
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Mark Patrick Taylor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Energy and Environmental Contaminants Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Peter J Davies
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sert I. Temporal evolution of lead isotope ratios and metal concentrations in sediments of the north Aegean Sea, in Turkish coast. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
14
|
Tadros CV, Crawford J, Treble PC, Baker A, Cohen DD, Atanacio AJ, Hankin S, Roach R. Chemical characterisation and source identification of atmospheric aerosols in the Snowy Mountains, south-eastern Australia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 630:432-443. [PMID: 29486437 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Characterisation of atmospheric aerosols is of major importance for: climate, the hydrological cycle, human health and policymaking, biogeochemical and palaeo-climatological studies. In this study, the chemical composition and source apportionment of PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5μm) at Yarrangobilly, in the Snowy Mountains, SE Australia are examined and quantified. A new aerosol monitoring network was deployed in June 2013 and aerosol samples collected during the period July 2013 to July 2017 were analysed for 22 trace elements and black carbon by ion beam analysis techniques. Positive matrix factorisation and back trajectory analysis and trajectory clustering methods were employed for source apportionment and to isolate source areas and air mass travel pathways, respectively. This study identified the mean atmospheric PM2.5 mass concentration for the study period was (3.3±2.5)μgm-3. It is shown that automobile (44.9±0.8)%, secondary sulfate (21.4±0.9)%, smoke (12.3±0.6)%, soil (11.3±0.5)% and aged sea salt (10.1±0.4)% were the five PM2.5 source types, each with its own distinctive trends. The automobile and smoke sources were ascribed to a significant local influence from the road network and bushfire and hazard reduction burns, respectively. Long-range transport are the dominant sources for secondary sulfate from coal-fired power stations, windblown soil from the inland saline regions of the Lake Eyre and Murray-Darling Basins, and aged sea salt from the Southern Ocean to the remote alpine study site. The impact of recent climate change was recognised, as elevated smoke and windblown soil events correlated with drought and El Niño periods. Finally, the overall implications including potential aerosol derived proxies for interpreting palaeo-archives are discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first long-term detailed temporal and spatial characterisation of PM2.5 aerosols for the region and provides a crucial dataset for a range of multidisciplinary research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol V Tadros
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia; Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jagoda Crawford
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Pauline C Treble
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia; Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andy Baker
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David D Cohen
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Armand J Atanacio
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Stuart Hankin
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Regina Roach
- NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Quantitative assessment of Pb sources in isotopic mixtures using a Bayesian mixing model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6154. [PMID: 29670142 PMCID: PMC5906678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) isotopes provide valuable insights into the origin of Pb within a sample, typically allowing for reliable fingerprinting of their source. This is useful for a variety of applications, from tracing sources of pollution-related Pb, to the origins of Pb in archaeological artefacts. However, current approaches investigate source proportions via graphical means, or simple mixing models. As such, an approach, which quantitatively assesses source proportions and fingerprints the signature of analysed Pb, especially for larger numbers of sources, would be valuable. Here we use an advanced Bayesian isotope mixing model for three such applications: tracing dust sources in pre-anthropogenic environmental samples, tracking changing ore exploitation during the Roman period, and identifying the source of Pb in a Roman-age mining artefact. These examples indicate this approach can understand changing Pb sources deposited during both pre-anthropogenic times, when natural cycling of Pb dominated, and the Roman period, one marked by significant anthropogenic pollution. Our archaeometric investigation indicates clear input of Pb from Romanian ores previously speculated, but not proven, to have been the Pb source. Our approach can be applied to a range of disciplines, providing a new method for robustly tracing sources of Pb observed within a variety of environments.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou X, Taylor MP, Davies PJ, Prasad S. Identifying Sources of Environmental Contamination in European Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) Using Trace Elements and Lead Isotopic Compositions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:991-1001. [PMID: 29249154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Trace element concentrations (As, Mn, Pb, and Zn) and Pb isotopic compositions were analyzed in honey bees, wax, and honey along with co-located soil and dust samples from Sydney metropolitan and Broken Hill, Australia. Compared with the other trace elements, Pearson correlations show that Pb concentrations in soil and dust had the strongest relationship to corresponding values in honey bees and their products. Dust Pb was not only highly correlated to corresponding soil values (r = 0.806, p = 0.005), it was the strongest predictor of Pb concentrations in honey bees, wax, and honey (p = 0.001, 0.007, 0.017, respectively). Lead isotopic compositions (206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/207Pb) showed that honey bees and their products from Broken Hill were nearly identical (95-98%) to the composition of the local ore body. Samples of honey bees and their products collected from background sites adjacent to national parks in Sydney had Pb isotopic compositions (206Pb/207Pb = 1.138-1.159, 208Pb/207Pb = 2.417-2.435) corresponding to local geogenic values (206Pb/207Pb = 1.123-1.176, 208Pb/207Pb = 2.413-2.500). By contrast, honey bees and their products from Sydney metropolitan (206Pb/207Pb = 1.081-1.126, 208Pb/207Pb = 2.352-2.408) were similar to aerosols measured during the period of leaded petrol use (206Pb/207Pb = 1.067-1.148, 208Pb/207Pb = 2.341-2.410). These measurements show Pb concentrations and its isotopic compositions of honey bees, and their products can be used to trace both legacy and contemporary environmental contamination, particularly where sources are well documented. Moreover, this study demonstrates that legacy Pb emissions continue to be remobilized in dust, contaminating both food and ecological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shiva Prasad
- Analytical Service Branch, National Measurement Institute , Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Australian Government, Riverside Corporate Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2113, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu L, Taylor MP, Handley HK. Remobilisation of industrial lead depositions in ash during Australian wildfires. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:1233-1240. [PMID: 28521386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the recycling of lead (Pb) in ash from wildfires, its source and potential contribution to environmental contamination. Ash from wildfires was collected from four Australian sites following uncontrolled fires during 2012 to 2013 close to major urban populations in Sydney (New South Wales), Hobart (Tasmania) and Adelaide (South Australia). The samples were analysed for their total Pb concentration and Pb isotopic composition to determine the sources of Pb and the extent, if any, of industrial contamination and its recycling into the ecosystem. Median ash concentrations (23mg/kg) released from a wildfire close to Australia's largest city, Sydney, exceeded the median ash Pb concentrations from wildfires from the less populated locations of Hobart, Adelaide and NSW Central Coast. Lead isotopic compositions of Duffys Forest wildfire ash demonstrate that anthropogenic inputs from legacy leaded petrol depositions were the predominant source of contamination. Despite the cessation of leaded petrol use in Australia in 2002, historic petrol Pb deposits continue to be a substantial source of contamination in ash: petrol Pb contributed 35% of the Pb in the Woy Woy ash, 73% in Duffys Forest ash, 39% in Forcett ash and 5% in Cherryville ash. The remobilisation of legacy industrial Pb depositions by wildfires in ash results in it being a persistent and problematic contaminant in contemporary environmental systems because of its known toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Wu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Mark Patrick Taylor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Macquarie University Centre for Energy and Environmental Contaminants, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.
| | - Heather K Handley
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Macquarie University Centre for Energy and Environmental Contaminants, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Filella M, Rodríguez-Murillo JC. Less-studied TCE: are their environmental concentrations increasing due to their use in new technologies? CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:605-616. [PMID: 28525874 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The possible environmental impact of the recent increase in use of a group of technology-critical elements (Nb, Ta, Ga, In, Ge and Te) is analysed by reviewing published concentration profiles in environmental archives (ice cores, ombrotrophic peat bogs, freshwater sediments and moss surveys) and evaluating temporal trends in surface waters. No increase has so far been recorded. The low potential direct emissions of these elements, resulting from their absolute low production levels, make it unlikely that the increasing use of these elements in modern technology has any noticeable effect on their environmental concentrations on a global scale. This holds particularly true for those of these elements that are probably emitted in relatively high amounts from other human activities (i.e., coal combustion and non-ferrous smelting), such as In, the most studied element of the group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Filella
- Institute F.-A. Forel, University of Geneva, Boulevard Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - J C Rodríguez-Murillo
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Serrano 115 dpdo., E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gallagher M, Whitehouse MJ, Kamber BS. The Neoarchaean surficial sulphur cycle: An alternative hypothesis based on analogies with 20th-century atmospheric lead. GEOBIOLOGY 2017; 15:385-400. [PMID: 28299862 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We revisit the S-isotope systematics of sedimentary pyrite in a shaly limestone from the ca. 2.52 Ga Gamohaan Formation, Upper Campbellrand Subgroup, Transvaal, South Africa. The analysed rock is interpreted to have been deposited in a water depth of ca. 50-100 m, in a restricted sub-basin on a drowning platform. A previous study discovered that the pyrites define a nonzero intercept δ34 SV-CDT -Δ33 S data array. The present study carried out further quadruple S-isotope analyses of pyrite, confirming and expanding the linear δ34 SV-CDT -Δ33 S array with an δ34 S zero intercept at ∆33 S ca. +5. This was previously interpreted to indicate mixing of unrelated S-sources in the sediment environment, involving a combination of recycled sulphur from sulphides that had originally formed by sulphate-reducing bacteria, along with elemental sulphur. Here, we advance an alternative explanation based on the recognition that the Archaean seawater sulphate concentration was likely very low, implying that the Archaean ocean could have been poorly mixed with respect to sulphur. Thus, modern oceanic sulphur systematics provide limited insight into the Archaean sulphur cycle. Instead, we propose that the 20th-century atmospheric lead event may be a useful analogue. Similar to industrial lead, the main oceanic input of Archaean sulphur was through atmospheric raindown, with individual giant point sources capable of temporally dominating atmospheric input. Local atmospheric S-isotope signals, of no global significance, could thus have been transmitted into the localised sediment record. Thus, the nonzero intercept δ34 SV-CDT -Δ33 S data array may alternatively represent a very localised S-isotope signature in the Neoarchaean surface environment. Fallout from local volcanic eruptions could imprint recycled MIF-S signals into pyrite of restricted depositional environments, thereby avoiding attenuation of the signal in the subdued, averaged global open ocean sulphur pool. Thus, the superposition of extreme local S-isotope signals offers an alternative explanation for the large Neoarchaean MIF-S excursions and asymmetry of the Δ33 S rock record.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Gallagher
- Department of Geology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M J Whitehouse
- Department of Geosciences, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B S Kamber
- Department of Geology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kristensen LJ, Taylor MP, Evans AJ. Reply to Gulson's comments on 'Tracing changes in atmospheric sources of lead contamination using lead isotopic compositions in Australian red wine'. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 165:579-584. [PMID: 27546209 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Jane Kristensen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Mark Patrick Taylor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; Macquarie University Energy and Environmental Contaminants Research Centre, Sydney, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Andrew James Evans
- National Measurement Institute, Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, 105 Delhi Road, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kristensen LJ, Taylor MP, Evans AJ. Tracing changes in atmospheric sources of lead contamination using lead isotopic compositions in Australian red wine. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 154:40-47. [PMID: 27037773 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Air quality data detailing changes to atmospheric composition from Australia's leaded petrol consumption is spatially and temporally limited. In order to address this data gap, wine was investigated as a potential proxy for atmospheric lead conditions. Wine spanning sixty years was collected from two wine regions proximal to the South Australian capital city, Adelaide, and analysed for lead concentration and lead and strontium isotopic composition for source apportionment. Maximum wine lead concentrations (328 μg/L) occur prior to the lead-in-air monitoring in South Australia in the later 1970s. Wine lead concentrations mirror available lead-in-air measurements and show a declining trend reflecting parallel reductions in leaded petrol emissions. Lead from petrol dominated the lead in wine ((206)Pb/(207)Pb: 1.086; (208)Pb/(207)Pb: 2.360) until the introduction of unleaded petrol, which resulted in a shift in the wine lead isotopic composition closer to vineyard soil ((206)Pb/(207)Pb: 1.137; (208)Pb/(207)Pb: 2.421). Current mining activities or vinification processes appear to have no impact with recent wine samples containing less than 4 μg/L of lead. This study demonstrates wine can be used to chronicle changes in environmental lead emissions and is an effective proxy for atmospherically sourced depositions of lead in the absence of air quality data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Jane Kristensen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Mark Patrick Taylor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; Macquarie University Energy and Environmental Contaminants Research Centre, Sydney, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Andrew James Evans
- National Measurement Institute, Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, 105 Delhi Road, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Marx SK, Rashid S, Stromsoe N. Global-scale patterns in anthropogenic Pb contamination reconstructed from natural archives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:283-298. [PMID: 26924757 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
During the past two centuries metal loads in the Earth's atmosphere and ecosystems have increased significantly over pre-industrial levels. This has been associated with deleterious effects to ecosystem processes and human health. The magnitude of this toxic metal burden, as well as the spatial and temporal patterns of metal enrichment, is recorded in sedimentary archives across the globe. This paper presents a compilation of selected Pb contamination records from lakes (n = 10), peat mires (n = 10) and ice fields (n = 7) from Europe, North and South America, Asia, Australia and the Northern and Southern Hemisphere polar regions. These records quantify changes in Pb enrichment in remote from source environments. The presence of anthropogenic Pb in the environment has a long history, extending as far back as the early to mid-Holocene in North America, Europe and East Asia. However, results show that Pb contamination in the Earth's environment became globally ubiquitous at the beginning of the Second Industrial Revolution (c.1850-1890 CE), after which the magnitude of Pb contamination increased significantly. This date therefore serves as an effective global marker for the onset of the Anthropocene. Current global average Pb enrichment rates are between 6 and 35 times background, however Pb contamination loads are spatially variable. For example, they are >100 times background in Europe and North America and 5-15 times background in Antarctica. Despite a recent decline in Pb loads in some regions, most notably Europe and North America, anthropogenic Pb remains highly enriched and universally present in global ecosystems, while concentrations are increasing in some regions (Australia, Asia and parts of South America and Antarctica). There is, however, a paucity of Pb enrichment records outside of Europe, which limits assessments of global contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K Marx
- GeoQuEST Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.
| | - Shaqer Rashid
- GeoQuEST Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Nicola Stromsoe
- Climate Research Group, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Serrano O, Davis G, Lavery PS, Duarte CM, Martinez-Cortizas A, Mateo MA, Masqué P, Arias-Ortiz A, Rozaimi M, Kendrick GA. Reconstruction of centennial-scale fluxes of chemical elements in the Australian coastal environment using seagrass archives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:883-894. [PMID: 26437357 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The study of a Posidonia australis sedimentary archive has provided a record of changes in element concentrations (Al, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Co, As, Cu, Ni and S) over the last 3000 years in the Australian marine environment. Human-derived contamination in Oyster Harbor (SW Australia) started ~100 years ago (AD ~1900) and exponentially increased until present. This appears to be related to European colonization of Australia and the subsequent impact of human activities, namely mining, coal and metal production, and extensive agriculture. Two contamination periods of different magnitude have been identified: Expansion period (EXP, AD ~1900-1970) and Establishment period (EST, AD ~1970 to present). Enrichments of chemical elements with respect to baseline concentrations (in samples older than ~115 cal years BP) were found for all elements studied in both periods, except for Ni, As and S. The highest enrichment factors were obtained for the EST period (ranging from 1.3-fold increase in Cu to 7.2-fold in Zn concentrations) compared to the EXP period (1.1-fold increase for Cu and Cr to 2.4-fold increase for Pb). Zinc, Pb, Mn and Co concentrations during both periods were 2- to 7-fold higher than baseline levels. This study demonstrates the value of Posidonia mats as long-term archives of element concentrations and trends in coastal ecosystems. We also provide preliminary evidence on the potential for Posidonia meadows to act as significant long-term biogeochemical sinks of chemical elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Serrano
- School of Natural Sciences & Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, WA, Australia; The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
| | - Grace Davis
- School of Natural Sciences & Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, WA, Australia
| | - Paul S Lavery
- School of Natural Sciences & Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, WA, Australia; Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Blanes 17300, Spain
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Department of Global Change Research, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Martinez-Cortizas
- Departamento Edafologia y Quimica Agricola, Facultad di Biologia, Campus Sur s/n, 15706 Santiago, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Mateo
- School of Natural Sciences & Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, WA, Australia; Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Blanes 17300, Spain
| | - Pere Masqué
- School of Natural Sciences & Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, WA, Australia; The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; School of Physics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Departament de Física and Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ariane Arias-Ortiz
- Departament de Física and Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mohammad Rozaimi
- School of Natural Sciences & Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, WA, Australia; School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gary A Kendrick
- The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; The School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu L, Taylor MP, Handley HK, Wu M. Australian atmospheric lead deposition reconstructed using lead concentrations and isotopic compositions of archival lichen and fungi. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 208:678-87. [PMID: 26608874 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lead concentrations and their isotopic compositions were measured in lichen genera Cladonia and Usnea and fungi genus Trametes from the Greater Sydney region (New South Wales, Australia) that had been collected and archived over the past 120 years. The median lead contents were elevated in lichens and fungi prior to the introduction of leaded petrol (Cladonia 12.5 mg/kg; Usnea 15.6 mg/kg; Trametes 1.85 mg/kg) corresponding to early industrial development. During the use of leaded petrol for automobiles in Australia from 1932 to 2002, total median lead concentrations rose: Cladonia 18.8 mg/kg; Usnea 21.5 mg/kg; Trametes 4.3 mg/kg. Following the cessation of leaded petrol use, median total lead concentrations decreased sharply in the 2000s: Cladonia 4.8 mg/kg; Usnea 1.7 mg/kg. The lichen and fungi isotopic compositions reveal a significant decrease in (206)Pb/(207)Pb values from the end of 19th century to the 1970s. The following decades were characterised by lower allowable levels of lead additive in fuel and the introduction of unleaded petrol in 1985. The environmental response to these regulatory changes was that lichen and fungi (206)Pb/(207)Pb values increased, particularly from 1995 onwards. Although the lead isotope ratios of lichens continued to increase in the 2000s they do not return to pre-leaded petrol values. This demonstrates that historic leaded petrol emissions, inter alia other sources, remain a persistent source of anthropogenic contamination in the Greater Sydney region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Wu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
| | - Mark Patrick Taylor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Heather K Handley
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Michael Wu
- Inorganic Section, National Measurement Institute, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2113, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jiao W, Ouyang W, Hao F, Lin C. Anthropogenic impact on diffuse trace metal accumulation in river sediments from agricultural reclamation areas with geochemical and isotopic approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 536:609-615. [PMID: 26247690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of anthropogenic impact can help assess the diffuse trace metal accumulation in the agricultural environment. In this study, both river sediments and background soils were collected from a case study area in Northeast China and analyzed for total concentrations of six trace metals, four major elements and three lead isotopes. Results showed that Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr and Ni have accumulated in the river sediments after about 40 years of agricultural development, with average concentrations 1.23-1.71 times higher than local soil background values. Among them Ni, Cr and Cu were of special concern and they may pose adverse biological effects. By calculating enrichment factor (EF), it was found that the trace metal accumulation was still mainly ascribed to natural weathering processes, but anthropogenic contribution could represent up to 40.09% of total sediment content. For Pb, geochemical and isotopic approaches gave very similar anthropogenic contributions. Principal component analysis (PCA) further suggested that the anthropogenic Pb, Cu, Cr and Ni inputs were mostly related to the regional atmospheric deposition of industrial emissions and gasoline combustion, which had a strong affinity for iron oxides in the sediments. Concerning Cd, however, it mainly originated from local fertilizer applications and was controlled by sediment carbonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Fanghua Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang B, Xia D, Yu Y, Jia J, Nie Y, Wang X. Detecting the sensitivity of magnetic response on different pollution sources--A case study from typical mining cities in northwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 207:288-298. [PMID: 26412269 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid monitoring and discriminating different anthropogenic pollution is a key scientific issue. To detect the applicability and sensitivity of magnetic measurements for evaluating different industrial pollution in urban environment, characteristics of topsoil from three typical fast developing industrial cities (Jinchang, Baiyin and Jiayuguan in Gansu province, northwestern China) were studied by magnetic and geochemical analyses. The results showed that magnetic susceptibility was enhanced near industrial areas, and PSD-MD magnetite dominated the magnetic properties. Magnetic concentration parameters (χlf, SIRM, and χARM) showed different correlations with heavy metals and PLI in the three cities, indicating significantly different magnetic response to different pollution sources. Principal component analysis showed that ferrimagnetic minerals coexist with heavy metals of Fe, As, Cu, Pb, and Zn in Baiyin and Fe, V, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Cr in Jiayuguan. Fuzzy cluster analysis and regression analysis further indicated that the sensitivity of magnetic monitoring to fuel dust is higher than that to mineral dust near non-ferrous metal smelters, and fossil fuel consumption is an important factor for increasing magnetite content. In all the three cities, the sensitivity of magnetic monitoring to pollutants from steel plants is much higher than that from non-ferrous metal plants. Therefore, magnetic proxies provide a rapid means for detecting heavy metal contamination caused by multi-anthropogenic pollution sources in a large scale area, however, the sensitivity was controlled by pollution sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process & Climate Change in Clod & Arid Regions, Clod & Arid Regions Environmental & Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University of China, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Dunsheng Xia
- Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University of China, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ye Yu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process & Climate Change in Clod & Arid Regions, Clod & Arid Regions Environmental & Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University of China, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan Nie
- Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University of China, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University of China, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
White SJO, Keach C, Hemond HF. Atmospheric Deposition of Indium in the Northeastern United States: Flux and Historical Trends. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:12705-12713. [PMID: 26426729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The metal indium is an example of an increasingly important material used in electronics and new energy technologies, whose environmental behavior and toxicity are poorly understood despite increasing evidence of detrimental health impacts and human-induced releases to the environment. In the present work, the history of indium deposition from the atmosphere is reconstructed from its depositional record in an ombrotrophic bog in Massachusetts. A novel freeze-coring technique is used to overcome coring difficulties posed by woody roots and peat compressibility, enabling retrieval of relatively undisturbed peat cores dating back more than a century. Results indicate that long-range atmospheric transport is a significant pathway for the transport of indium, with peak concentrations of 69 ppb and peak fluxes of 1.9 ng/cm2/yr. Atmospheric deposition to the bog began increasing in the late 1800s/early 1900s, and peaked in the early 1970s. A comparison of deposition data with industrial production and emissions estimates suggests that both coal combustion and the smelting of lead, zinc, copper, and tin sulfides are sources of indium to the atmosphere in this region. Deposition appears to have decreased considerably since the 1970s, potentially a visible effect of particulate emissions controls instated in North America during that decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jane O White
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Carrie Keach
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Harold F Hemond
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Snow MS, Snyder DC, Clark SB, Kelley M, Delmore JE. 137Cs activities and 135Cs/137Cs isotopic ratios from soils at Idaho National Laboratory: a case study for contaminant source attribution in the vicinity of nuclear facilities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:2741-2748. [PMID: 25633972 DOI: 10.1021/es5058852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiometric and mass spectrometric analyses of Cs contamination in the environment can reveal the location of Cs emission sources, release mechanisms, modes of transport, prediction of future contamination migration, and attribution of contamination to specific generator(s) and/or process(es). The Subsurface Disposal Area (SDA) at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) represents a complicated case study for demonstrating the current capabilities and limitations to environmental Cs analyses. (137)Cs distribution patterns, (135)Cs/(137)Cs isotope ratios, known Cs chemistry at this site, and historical records enable narrowing the list of possible emission sources and release events to a single source and event, with the SDA identified as the emission source and flood transport of material from within Pit 9 and Trench 48 as the primary release event. These data combined allow refining the possible number of waste generators from dozens to a single generator, with INL on-site research and reactor programs identified as the most likely waste generator. A discussion on the ultimate limitations to the information that (135)Cs/(137)Cs ratios alone can provide is presented and includes (1) uncertainties in the exact date of the fission event and (2) possibility of mixing between different Cs source terms (including nuclear weapons fallout and a source of interest).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew S Snow
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University PO Box 644630, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Stromsoe N, Marx SK, McGowan HA, Callow N, Heijnis H, Zawadzki A. A landscape-scale approach to examining the fate of atmospherically derived industrial metals in the surficial environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 505:962-980. [PMID: 25461097 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Industrial metals are now ubiquitous within the atmosphere and their deposition represents a potential source of contamination to surficial environments. Few studies, however, have examined the environmental fate of atmospheric industrial metals within different surface environments. In this study, patterns of accumulation of atmospherically transported industrial metals were investigated within the surface environments of the Snowy Mountains, Australia. Metals, including Pb, Sb, Cr and Mo, were enriched in aerosols collected in the Snowy Mountains by 3.5-50 times pre-industrial concentrations. In sedimentary environments (soils, lakes and reservoirs) metals showed varying degrees of enrichment. Differences were attributed to the relative degree of atmospheric input, metal sensitivity to enrichment, catchment area and metal behaviour following deposition. In settings where atmospheric deposition dominated (ombrotrophic peat mires in the upper parts of catchments), metal enrichment patterns most closely resembled those in collected aerosols. However, even in these environments significant dilution (by 5-7 times) occurred. The most sensitive industrial metals (those with the lowest natural concentration; Cd, Ag, Sb and Mo) were enriched throughout the studied environments. However, in alpine tarn-lakes no other metals were enriched, due to the dilution of pollutant-metals by catchment derived sediment. In reservoirs, which were located lower within catchments, industrial metals exhibited more complex patterns. Particle reactive metals (e.g. Pb) displayed little enrichment, implying that they were retained up catchment, whereas more soluble metals (e.g., Cu and Zn) showed evidence of concentration. These same metals (Cu and Zn) were depleted in soils, implying that they are preferentially transported through catchments. Enrichment of other metals (e.g. Cd) varied between reservoirs as a function of contributing catchment area. Overall this study showed that the fate of atmospherically derived metals is complex, and depends upon metal behaviour and geomorphic processes operating at landscape scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Stromsoe
- Climate Research Group, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Samuel K Marx
- GeoQuEST Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia; Wollongong Isotope Geochronology Laboratory, School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Hamish A McGowan
- Climate Research Group, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nikolaus Callow
- Environmental Dynamics and Ecohydrology, School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Henk Heijnis
- Institute for Environmental Research, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Atun Zawadzki
- Institute for Environmental Research, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang B, Xia D, Yu Y, Jia J, Xu S. Detection and differentiation of pollution in urban surface soils using magnetic properties in arid and semi-arid regions of northwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 184:335-346. [PMID: 24095704 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing urbanization and industrialization over the world has caused many social and environmental problems, one of which drawing particular concern is the soil pollution and its ecological degradation. In this study, the efficiency of magnetic methods for detecting and discriminating contaminates in the arid and semi-arid regions of northwestern China was investigated. Topsoil samples from six typical cities (i.e. Karamay, Urumqi, Lanzhou, Yinchuan, Shizuishan and Wuhai) were collected and a systematic analysis of their magnetic properties was conducted. Results indicate that the topsoil samples from the six cities were all dominated by coarse low-coercivity magnetite. In addition, the average magnetite contents in the soils from Urumqi and Lanzhou were shown to be much higher than those from Karamay, Yinchuan, Shizuishan and Wuhai, and they also have relatively higher χlf and χfd% when compared with cities in eastern China. Moreover, specific and distinctive soil pollution signals were identified at each sampling site using the combined various magnetic data, reflecting distinct sources. Industrial and traffic-derived pollution was dominant in Urumqi and Lanzhou, in Yinchuan industrial progress was observed to be important with some places affected by vehicle emission, while Karamay, Shizuishan and Wuhai were relatively clean. The magnetic properties of these latter three cities are significantly affected by both anthropogenic pollution and local parent materials from the nearby Gobi desert. The differences in magnetic properties of topsoil samples affected by mixed industrial and simplex traffic emissions are not obvious, but significant differences exist in samples affected by simplex industrial/vehicle emissions and domestic pollution. The combined magnetic analyses thus provide a sensitive and powerful tool for classifying samples according to likely sources, and may even provide a valuable diagnostic tool for discriminating among different cities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University of China, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Stromsoe N, Callow JN, McGowan HA, Marx SK. Attribution of sources to metal accumulation in an alpine tarn, the Snowy Mountains, Australia. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 181:133-143. [PMID: 23851160 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study analyses 1800 years of heavy metal accumulation in a remote alpine lake experiencing long-range atmospheric contamination and additional inputs of Ag from cloud seeding. In comparison to previous work undertaken on peats, lake sediments show limited post-industrial metal enrichment with enrichment factors of Ag: 1.3, Pb: 1.3, Zn: 1.1, Cu: 1.2 compared to Ag: 2.2, Pb: 3.3, Zn: 2.1, Cu: 4.1 for peat. We show this to be the result of substantial fluvial lithogenic flux of metals (92-97% of total metal flux) to the lake. Total annual metal flux to the lake ranges from: Ag: 4-12 ng/cm(2)/yr to Zn: 3 383-11 313 ng/cm(2)/yr. As a result, any contribution of cloud seeding to additional enrichment of Ag in lake sediments is considered negligible. Results show that metal enrichment is not necessarily ubiquitous through a landscape. This has implications for predicting the impacts of atmospheric metal pollution to complex environmental systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Stromsoe
- Climate Research Group, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yu Y, Song J, Li X, Yuan H, Li N. Fractionation, sources and budgets of potential harmful elements in surface sediments of the East China Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 68:157-167. [PMID: 23265773 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Total concentrations, chemical fractions by BCR procedure and enrichment factors of nine potential harmful elements (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd and Pb) in surface sediments of the East China Sea (ECS) were investigated. Spatial distributions illustrated that PHEs (potential harmful elements) were mainly from the Changjiang River and the Jiangsu coastal current, except Pb which was influenced by atmospheric input. Sediments in the ECS were moderately polluted with Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu according to their enrichment factors (EFs). Distributions of EFs and labile fractions revealed that anthropogenic Cd and Cu were mainly input though the Changjiang, Pb pollutant was delivered from the Changjiang and atmosphere, while Zn was impacted by terrestrial pollution from the Changjiang and the Hangzhou Bay. Budget calculation showed that the Changjiang contributed 82-90% of PHE influxes. Thirty-eight to 77% of PHEs were buried in sediment, mainly along the inner shelf.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang W, Hu Z, Liu Y, Chen H, Gao S, Gaschnig RM. Total Rock Dissolution Using Ammonium Bifluoride (NH4HF2) in Screw-Top Teflon Vials: A New Development in Open-Vessel Digestion. Anal Chem 2012; 84:10686-93. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302327g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhaochu Hu
- State Key Laboratory
of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory
of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Haihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory
of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory
of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Richard M. Gaschnig
- Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park,
Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lavin KS, Hageman KJ, Marx SK, Dillingham PW, Kamber BS. Using trace elements in particulate matter to identify the sources of semivolatile organic contaminants in air at an alpine site. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:268-276. [PMID: 22070086 DOI: 10.1021/es2027373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An approach using trace elements in particulate matter (PM) to identify the geographic sources of atmospherically transported semivolatile organic contaminants (SOCs) was investigated. Daily samples of PM and SOCs were collected with high-volume air samplers from 16 January to 16 February 2009 at Temple Basin, a remote alpine site in New Zealand's Southern Alps. The most commonly detected pesticides were dieldrin, trans-chlordane, endosulfan I, and chlorpyrifos. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls were also detected. For each sampling day, the relative contribution of PM from regional New Zealand versus long-range Australian sources was determined using trace element profiles and a binary mixing model. The PM approach indicated that endosulfan I, indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene found at Temple Basin were largely of Australian origin. Local wind observations indicated that the chlorpyrifos found at Temple Basin primarily came from the Canterbury Plains in New Zealand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Lavin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang E, Liu E, Shen J, Cao Y, Li Y. One century sedimentary record of lead and zinc pollution in Yangzong Lake, a highland lake in southwestern China. J Environ Sci (China) 2012; 24:1189-1196. [PMID: 23513438 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(11)60896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Reconstruction of trace metal pollution histories and sources may help us to regulate current pollutant discharge. This is especially important for the highland lakes in southwestern China, which are facing trace metals pollution. We present sedimentary records of 11 metals accumulated in Yangzong Lake since the 1870's, a highland lake in southwestern China. Pollution of lead and zinc (Pb and Zn) was differentiated based on principal component analysis, geochemical normalization, and lead isotope ratios. Nearly all the metals as well as grain size composition show generally constant values before the mid-1980's, denoting stable detrital input in the catchment. Fluctuations in the concentrations of the metals as well as grain size composition since the mid-1980's indicate an increase in soil erosion with strengthened human disturbance in the catchment. After geochemical normalization, Pb and Zn showed constant values before 1990 AD and then a gradual increase in parallel with the variations in 208Pb/206Pb and 207Pb/206Pb ratios, indicating that Pb and Zn pollution occurred. Combining the data of 208pb/206Pb and 207Pb/6Pb ratios in the sediments of Yangzong Lake, leaded gasoline, Pb-Zn ore and coal, and consumption or production historical trends, we deduced that the enhanced Pb and Zn pollution in Yangzong Lake is caused primarily by ore mining and refining.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enlou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Long-Distance Transport of Urban and Industrial Metals and Their Incorporation into the Environment: Sources, Transport Pathways and Historical Trends. URBAN AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-12278-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
|