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He Y, Ganguly A, Lindgren S, Quispe L, Suvanto C, Zhao K, Candolin U. Carry-over effect of artificial light at night on daytime mating activity in an ecologically important detritivore, the amphipod Gammarus pulex. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246682. [PMID: 38516876 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a growing environmental problem influencing the fitness of individuals through effects on their physiology and behaviour. Research on animals has primarily focused on effects on behaviour during the night, whereas less is known about effects transferred to daytime. Here, we investigated in the lab the impact of ALAN on the mating behaviour of an ecologically important freshwater amphipod, Gammarus pulex, during both daytime and nighttime. We manipulated the presence of ALAN and the intensity of male-male competition for access to females, and found the impact of ALAN on mating activity to be stronger during daytime than during nighttime, independent of male-male competition. At night, ALAN only reduced the probability of precopula pair formation, while during the daytime, it both decreased general activity and increased the probability of pair separation after pair formation. Thus, ALAN reduced mating success in G. pulex not only directly, through effects on mating behaviour at night, but also indirectly through a carry-over effect on daytime activity and the ability to remain in precopula. These results emphasise the importance of considering delayed effects of ALAN on organisms, including daytime activities that can be more important fitness determinants than nighttime activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan He
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Anirban Ganguly
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Susan Lindgren
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Laura Quispe
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Corinne Suvanto
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Kangshun Zhao
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ulrika Candolin
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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2
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Soose LJ, Hügl KS, Oehlmann J, Schiwy A, Hollert H, Jourdan J. A novel approach for the assessment of invertebrate behavior and its use in behavioral ecotoxicology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165418. [PMID: 37433332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Sublethal effects are becoming more relevant in ecotoxicological test methods due to their higher sensitivity compared to lethal endpoints and their preventive nature. Such a promising sublethal endpoint is the movement behavior of invertebrates which is associated with the direct maintenance of various ecosystem processes, hence being of special interest for ecotoxicology. Disturbed movement behavior is often related to neurotoxicity and can affect drift, mate-finding, predator avoidance, and therefore population dynamics. We show the practical implementation of the ToxmateLab, a new device that allows monitoring the movement behavior of up to 48 organisms simultaneously, for behavioral ecotoxicology. We quantified behavioral reactions of Gammarus pulex (Amphipoda, Crustacea) after exposure to two pesticides (dichlorvos and methiocarb) and two pharmaceuticals (diazepam and ibuprofen) at sublethal, environmentally relevant concentrations. We simulated a short-term pulse contamination event that lasted 90 min. Within this short test period, we successfully identified behavioral patterns that were most pronounced upon exposure to the two pesticides: Methiocarb initially triggered hyperactivity, after which baseline behavior was restored. On the other hand, dichlorvos induced hypoactivity starting at a moderate concentration of 5 μg/L - a pattern we also found at the highest concentration of ibuprofen (10 μg/L). An additional acetylcholine esterase inhibition assay revealed no significant impact of the enzyme activity that would explain the altered movement behavior. This suggests that in environmentally realistic scenarios chemicals can induce stress - apart from mode-of-action - that affects non-target organisms' behavior. Overall, our study proves the practical applicability of empirical behavioral ecotoxicological approaches and thus represents a next step towards routine practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Soose
- Goethe University of Frankfurt, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Goethe University of Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Kim S Hügl
- Goethe University of Frankfurt, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Goethe University of Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Goethe University of Frankfurt, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Schiwy
- Goethe University of Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer-Institute für Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Department Environmental Media-related Ecotoxicology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Goethe University of Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer-Institute für Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Department Environmental Media-related Ecotoxicology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonas Jourdan
- Goethe University of Frankfurt, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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3
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Fanton H, Affre L, Franquet E, Bertrand C, Cavalli L, Dumas E, Guiller C, Kaldonski N, Meineri E, Mutillod C, Oursel B, Pavon D, Thorel M, Tatoni T, Fayolle S. Heavy ionic pollution disrupts assemblages of algae, macroinvertebrates and riparian vegetation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 331:121791. [PMID: 37201567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Urban streams display consistent ecological symptoms that commonly express degraded biological, physical, and chemical conditions: the urban stream syndrome (USS). Changes linked to the USS result in consistent declines in the abundance and richness of algae, invertebrates, and riparian vegetation. In this paper, we assessed the impacts of extreme ionic pollution from an industrial effluent in an urban stream. We studied the community composition of benthic algae and benthic invertebrates and the indicator traits of riparian vegetation. The dominant pool of benthic algae, benthic invertebrates and riparian species were considered as euryece. However, ionic pollution impacted these three biotic compartments' communities, disrupting these tolerant species assemblages. Indeed, after the effluent, we observed the higher occurrence of conductivity-tolerant benthic taxa, like Nitzschia palea or Potamopyrgus antipodarum and plant species reflecting nitrogen and salt contents in soils. Providing insights into organisms' responses and resistance to heavy ionic pollution, this study sheds light on how industrial environmental perturbations could alter the ecology of freshwater aquatic biodiversity and riparian vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien Fanton
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France.
| | - Laurence Affre
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France
| | - Evelyne Franquet
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France
| | - Céline Bertrand
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Cavalli
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France
| | - Estelle Dumas
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France
| | - Clémence Guiller
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Kaldonski
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Meineri
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France
| | | | - Benjamin Oursel
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Pavon
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France
| | - Maxine Thorel
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Tatoni
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphanie Fayolle
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France
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4
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Melanson CA, Lamarre SG, Currie S. Social experience influences thermal sensitivity: lessons from an amphibious mangrove fish. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245656. [PMID: 37470196 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the factors affecting the capacity of ectothermic fishes to cope with warming temperature is critical given predicted climate change scenarios. We know that a fish's social environment introduces plasticity in how it responds to high temperature. However, the magnitude of this plasticity and the mechanisms underlying socially modulated thermal responses are unknown. Using the amphibious hermaphroditic mangrove rivulus fish Kryptolebias marmoratus as a model, we tested three hypotheses: (1) social stimulation affects physiological and behavioural thermal responses of isogenic lineages of fish; (2) social experience and acute social stimulation result in distinct physiological and behavioural responses; and (3) a desensitization of thermal receptors is responsible for socially modulated thermal responses. To test the first two hypotheses, we measured the temperature at which fish emerged from the water (i.e. pejus temperature) upon acute warming with socially naive isolated fish and with fish that were raised alone and then given a short social experience prior to exposure to increasing temperature (i.e. socially experienced fish). Our results did not support our first hypothesis as fish socially stimulated by mirrors during warming (i.e. acute social stimulation) emerged at similar temperatures to isolated fish. However, in support of our second hypothesis, a short period of prior social experience resulted in fish emerging at a higher temperature than socially naive fish suggesting an increase in pejus temperature with social experience. To test our third hypothesis, we exposed fish that had been allowed a brief social interaction and naive fish to capsaicin, an agonist of TRPV1 thermal receptors. Socially experienced fish emerged at significantly higher capsaicin concentrations than socially naive fish suggesting a desensitization of their TRPV1 thermal receptors. Collectively, our data indicate that past and present social experiences impact the behavioural response of fish to high temperature. We also provide novel data suggesting that brief periods of social experience affect the capacity of fish to perceive warm temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé A Melanson
- Département de biologie, Université de Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Simon G Lamarre
- Département de biologie, Université de Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Suzanne Currie
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
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5
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van den Berg SJP, Rodríguez-Sánchez P, Zhao J, Olusoiji OD, Peeters ETHM, Schuijt LM. Among-individual variation in the swimming behaviour of the amphipod Gammarus pulex under dark and light conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162177. [PMID: 36775145 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable computational advancements have been made allowing automated analysis of behavioural endpoints using video cameras. However, the results of such analyses are often confounded by a large variation among individuals, making it problematic to derive endpoints that allow distinguishing treatment effects in behavioural studies. In this study, we quantitatively analysed the effects of light conditions on the swimming behaviour of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex by high-throughput tracking, and attempted to unravel among individual variation using size and sex. For this, we developed the R-package Kinematics, allowing for the rapid and reproducible analysis of the swimming behaviour (speed, acceleration, thigmotaxis, curvature and startle response) of G. pulex, as well as any other organism. Our results show a considerable amount of variation among individuals (standard deviation ranging between 5 and 115 % of the average swimming behaviour). The factors size and sex and the interaction between the two only explained a minor part of this found variation. Additionally, our study is the first to quantify the startle response in G. pulex after the light is switched on, and study the variability of this response between individuals. To analyse this startle response, we established two metrics: 1) startle response magnitude (the drop in swimming velocity directly after the light switches on), and 2) startle response duration (the time it takes to recover from the drop in swimming velocity to average swimming speed). Almost 80 % of the individuals showed a clear startle response and, therefore, these metrics demonstrate a great potential for usage in behavioural studies. The findings of this study are important for the development of appropriate experimental set-ups for behavioural experiments with G. pulex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne J P van den Berg
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jiayu Zhao
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Edwin T H M Peeters
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lara M Schuijt
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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6
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Díaz-Morales DM, Khosravi M, Grabner DS, Nahar N, Bommarito C, Wahl M, Sures B. The trematode Podocotyle atomon modulates biochemical responses of Gammarus locusta to thermal stress but not its feeding rate or survival. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159946. [PMID: 36343811 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although parasitism is one of the most common species interactions in nature, the role of parasites in their hosts' thermal tolerance is often neglected. This study examined the ability of the trematode Podocotyle atomon to modulate the feeding and stress response of Gammarus locusta towards temperature. To accomplish this, infected and uninfected females and males of Gammarus locusta were exposed to temperatures (2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30 °C) for six days. Shredding (change in food biomass) and defecation rates (as complementary measure to shredding rate) were measured as proxies for feeding activity. Lipid and glycogen concentrations (energy reserves), catalase (oxidative stress indicator), and phenoloxidase (an immunological response in invertebrates) were additionally measured. Gammarid survival was optimal at 10 °C as estimated by the linear model and was unaffected by trematode infection. Both temperature and sex influenced the direction of infection effect on phenoloxidase. Infected females presented lower phenoloxidase activity than uninfected females at 14 and 18 °C, while males remained unaffected by infection. Catalase activity increased at warmer temperatures for infected males and uninfected females. Higher activity of this enzyme at colder temperatures occurred only for infected females. Infection decreased lipid content in gammarids by 14 %. Infected males had significantly less glycogen than uninfected, while infected females showed the opposite trend. The largest infection effects were observed for catalase and phenoloxidase activity. An exacerbation of catalase activity in infected males at warmer temperatures might indicate (in the long-term) unsustainable, overwhelming, and perhaps lethal conditions in a warming sea. A decrease in phenoloxidase activity in infected females at warmer temperatures might indicate a reduction in the potential for fighting opportunistic infections. Results highlight the relevance of parasites and host sex in organismal homeostasis and provide useful insights into the organismal stability of a widespread amphipod in a warming sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakeishla M Díaz-Morales
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, Essen 45141, Germany.
| | - Maral Khosravi
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Benthic Ecology Department, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel 24105, Germany.
| | - Daniel S Grabner
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, Essen 45141, Germany.
| | - Nazmun Nahar
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, Essen 45141, Germany.
| | - Claudia Bommarito
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Benthic Ecology Department, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel 24105, Germany.
| | - Martin Wahl
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Benthic Ecology Department, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel 24105, Germany.
| | - Bernd Sures
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, Essen 45141, Germany.
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7
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Shang Y, Wei S, Chang X, Mao Y, Dupont S, Kar-Hei Fang J, Hu M, Wang Y. Sex-specific digestive performance of mussels exposed to warming and starvation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:991098. [PMID: 36187795 PMCID: PMC9523258 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.991098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As global climate change has dramatically impacted the ocean, severe temperature elevation and a decline in primary productivity has frequently occurred, which has affected the structure of coastal biomes. In this study, the sex-specific responses to temperature change and food availability in mussels were determined in terms of digestive performance. The thick-shelled mussels Mytilus coruscus (male and female) were exposed to different temperature and nutritional conditions for 30 days. The results showed that the digestive enzymes of mussels were significantly affected by temperature, food, sex, and their interactions. High temperature (30°C) and starvation significantly decreased amylase, lysozyme, and pepsase activities of female mussels, while trypsin and trehalase did not change significantly at the experimental end. The activity of amylase, trypsin, and trehalase was significantly reduced in males at high temperature (30°C) under starvation treatment, but high temperature (30°C) elevated pepsase. Unsurprisingly, starvation caused the reduction of lysozyme and pepsase under 25°C in males. Amylase, lipase, and trehalase were higher in female mussels compared with males, while the enzymatic activities of lysozyme, pepsase, and trypsin were higher in male mussels than females. Principal component analysis showed that different enzyme activity indexes were separated in male and female mussels, indicating that male and female mussels exhibited significantly different digestive abilities under temperature and food condition change. The study clarified sex-specific response difference in mussel digestive enzymes under warming and starvation and provided guidance for the development of mussel aquaculture (high temperature management and feeding strategy) under changing marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyong Shang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wei
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqing Chang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Mao
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, The Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Infrastructure, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - James Kar-Hei Fang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Menghong Hu, ; Youji Wang,
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Menghong Hu, ; Youji Wang,
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8
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Derby AP, Huff Hartz KE, Fuller NW, Landrum PF, Reeve JD, Poynton HC, Connon RE, Lydy MJ. Effects of temperature and salinity on bioconcentration and toxicokinetics of permethrin in pyrethroid-resistant Hyalella azteca. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134393. [PMID: 35337826 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated pyrethroid resistance associated with voltage-gated sodium channel mutations in populations of the epibenthic amphipod, Hyalella azteca. Resistant populations were able to tolerate and bioconcentrate pyrethroids at concentrations significantly higher than toxic levels for non-resistant populations. In conjunction with elevated bioconcentration potential, environmental alteration particularly as a result of global climate change is anticipated to significantly alter abiotic parameters including temperature and salinity. These changes are expected to influence uptake and biotransformation of contaminants. Thus, the aims of the current study were a) to examine the bioconcentration potential of permethrin in two pyrethroid-resistant clades of H. azteca and b) assess the influence of temperature and salinity changes on toxicokinetic parameters. Two pyrethroid-resistant clades of H. azteca were exposed to 14C-permethrin at three salinities (0.2, 1.0 and 6.0 practical salinity units (PSU)) and temperatures (18, 23 and 28 °C). Tests were conducted for up to 36 h and uptake, elimination and biotransformation rates were calculated. Both populations demonstrated bioconcentration factors (BCFs) between five and seven times greater than published data for non-resistant H. azteca, with significant differences between clades. Calculated BCF values were comparable to field populations of resistant H. azteca, emphasizing the potential for elevated pyrethroid bioconcentration in the natural environment and increased exposure for predators consuming pyrethroid-resistant aquatic invertebrates. Alterations to temperature and salinity had no statistically significant effect on uptake or parent compound half-life in either population, though biotransformation was elevated at higher temperatures in both populations. Salinity had a variable effect between the two populations, with lower BCF values at 1.0 PSU in clade D H. azteca and greater BCFs at 6.0 PSU in clade C H. azteca. This is the first study to demonstrate the potential for future climate scenarios to influence toxicokinetics in pyrethroid-resistant aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Derby
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Kara E Huff Hartz
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Neil W Fuller
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Peter F Landrum
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - John D Reeve
- Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Helen C Poynton
- School for the Environment; University of Massachusetts; Boston, Massachusetts, 02125, USA
| | - Richard E Connon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Michael J Lydy
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
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9
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Götz A, Beggel S, Geist J. Dietary exposure to four sizes of spherical polystyrene, polylactide and silica nanoparticles does not affect mortality, behaviour, feeding and energy assimilation of Gammarus roeseli. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 238:113581. [PMID: 35525113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The abundance and persistence of plastic nanoparticles in aquatic habitats are considered a threat to marine and freshwater biota. However, the risk assessment of plastic particles is complicated due to various factors that need to be considered, including composition, size and environmental abundance. This study investigated the behavioural response of a key river species, Gammarus roeseli, to dietary exposure of plain biodegradable and non-biodegradable plastic as well as to natural small micro- and nanoparticles. Mortality, feeding, swimming velocity and energy assimilation endpoints were examined by considering four particles sizes ranging from 30 to 1000 nm in two concentrations. Contrary to our expectations, neither decreasing size nor increasing abundance of each tested particle impacted any of the examined endpoints. Likewise, dietary exposition with biodegradable plain polylactide did not induce other or stronger effects than non-biodegradable plain polystyrene or natural silica micro- and nanoparticles, as all three particle types did not lead to adverse effects on G. roeseli. These findings also suggest that the functional role of Gammarus roeseli as a shredder is not impaired due to particle occurrence within the exposure range of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Götz
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Mühlenweg 22, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - S Beggel
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Mühlenweg 22, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - J Geist
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Mühlenweg 22, D-85354 Freising, Germany.
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10
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Ros M, Guerra-García JM, Lignot JH, Rivera-Ingraham GA. Environmental stress responses in sympatric congeneric crustaceans: Explaining and predicting the context-dependencies of invader impacts. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 170:112621. [PMID: 34147858 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of ecophysiology in mediating marine biological pollution is poorly known. Here we explore how physiological plasticity to environmental stress can explain and predict the context-dependencies of invasive species impacts. We use the case of two sympatric skeleton shrimps, the invader Caprella scaura and its congener C. equilibra, which is currently replaced by the former on the South European coast. We compare their physiological responses to hyposalinity stress under suboptimal low and high temperature, while inferring on hypoxia tolerance. We use an energy-redox approach, analyzing mortality rate, the energetic balance and the consequent effects on the oxidative homeostasis. We found that decreased seawater salinity and/or oxygen levels can weaken biotic resistance, especially in females of C. equilibra, leading to periods of heightened vulnerability to invasion. Our approach provides mechanistic insights towards understanding the factors promoting invader impacts, highlighting the potential of ecophysiology for improving invasive species management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Ros
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - José M Guerra-García
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jehan-Hervé Lignot
- UMR 9190 MARBEC, CNRS-Ifremer-IRD-Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France
| | - Georgina A Rivera-Ingraham
- Laboratoire Environnement de Petit Saut, Hydreco-Guyane, BP 823, 97310 Kourou, French Guiana; Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética Marina (FIGEMA), Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
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11
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Mehennaoui K, Cambier S, Minguez L, Serchi T, Guérold F, Gutleb AC, Giamberini L. Sub-chronic effects of AgNPs and AuNPs on Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea Amphipoda): From molecular to behavioural responses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 210:111775. [PMID: 33421722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was the assessment of the sub-chronic effects of silver (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of 40 nm primary size either stabilised with citrate (CIT) or coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the freshwater invertebrate Gammarus fossarum. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) was used as a positive control in order to study the contribution of silver ions potentially released from AgNPs on the observed effects. A multibiomarker approach was used to assess the long-term effects of AgNPs and AuNPs 40 nm on molecular, cellular, physiological and behavioural responses of G. fossarum. Specimen of G. fossarum were exposed for 15 days to 0.5 and 5 µgL-1 of CIT and PEG AgNPs and AuNPs 40 nm in the presence of food. A significant uptake of both Ag and Au was observed in exposed animals but was under the toxic threshold leading to mortality of G. fossarum. Silver nanoparticles (CIT-AgNPs and PEG-AgNPs 40 nm) led to an up-regulation of Na+K+ATPase gene expression. An up-regulation of Catalse and Chitinase gene expressions due to exposure to PEG-AgNPs 40 nm was also observed. Gold nanoparticles (CIT and PEG-AuNPs 40 nm) led to an increase of CuZnSOD gene expression. Furthermore, both AgNPs and AuNPs led to a more developed digestive lysosomal system indicating a general stress response in G. fossarum. Both AgNPs and AuNPs 40 nm significantly affected locomotor activity of G. fossarum while no effects were observed on haemolymphatic ions and ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahina Mehennaoui
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg; Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, F-57000, Metz, France
| | - Sébastien Cambier
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Laëtitia Minguez
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, F-57000, Metz, France
| | - Tommaso Serchi
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - François Guérold
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, F-57000, Metz, France
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Laure Giamberini
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, F-57000, Metz, France.
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12
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Beermann AJ, Werner MT, Elbrecht V, Zizka VMA, Leese F. DNA metabarcoding improves the detection of multiple stressor responses of stream invertebrates to increased salinity, fine sediment deposition and reduced flow velocity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141969. [PMID: 33182191 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, multiple stressors affect stream ecosystems and frequently lead to complex and non-linear biological responses. These combined stressor effects on ecologically diverse and functionally important macroinvertebrate communities are often difficult to assess, in particular species-specific responses across many species and effects of different stressors and stressor levels in concert. A central limitation in many studies is the taxonomic resolution applied for specimen identification. DNA metabarcoding can resolve taxonomy and provide greater insights into multiple stressor effects. This was detailed by results of a recent multiple stressor mesocosm experiment, where only for the dipteran family Chironomidae 183 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) could be distinguished. Numerous OTUs showed very different response patterns to multiple stressors. In this study, we applied DNA metabarcoding to assess multiple stressor effects on all non-chironomid invertebrates from the same experiment. In the experiment, we applied three stressors (increased salinity, deposited fine sediment, reduced flow velocity) in a full-factorial design. We compared stressor responses inferred through DNA metabarcoding of the mitochondrial COI gene to responses based on morphotaxonomic taxa lists. We identified 435 OTUs, of which 122 OTUs were assigned to EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) taxa. The most common 35 OTUs alone showed 15 different response patterns to the experimental manipulation, ranging from insensitivity to any applied stressor to sensitivity to single and multiple stressors. These response patterns even comprised differences within one family. The species-specific taxonomic resolution and the inferred response patterns to stressors highlights the potential of DNA metabarcoding in the context of multiple stressor research, even for well-known taxa such as EPT species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne J Beermann
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, D-45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - Marie-Thérése Werner
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Vasco Elbrecht
- Centre for Biodiversity Monitoring (ZBM), Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Vera M A Zizka
- Centre for Biodiversity Monitoring (ZBM), Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Florian Leese
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, D-45141 Essen, Germany
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13
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Love AC, Crooks N, Ford AT. The effects of wastewater effluent on multiple behaviours in the amphipod, Gammarus pulex. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115386. [PMID: 33254653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in lotic habitats is increasing, with the main source of these contaminants being effluent from waste water treatment works (WwTW). There is still much uncertainty about the impacts of these PPCPs at environmentally relevant concentrations and their potential effects on aquatic ecology. Behaviour is a sensitive endpoint which can help evaluate possible population level effects from changes in physiology. This paper evaluates the effects of WwTW effluent on a range of behaviours in the freshwater invertebrate, Gammarus pulex. Effluent taken from the outflow of two WwTW in southern England was used in the study. Behavioural analyses, namely feeding rate, phototaxis, activity, velocity and precopula pairing, were measured in G. pulex following a period of one and three weeks after exposure to a 50% or 100% effluent and a control. Mortality remained very low throughout the 3 week experiment (0-10%, n = 20) and no significant changes in moulting frequency were observed (p > 0.05). No significant effects on feeding or velocity or phototaxis following 3 weeks of effluent exposures were observed (p > 0.05). However, significant reductions were observed in the overall activity over 3 weeks across which appeared to be exacerbated by exposure to effluents. Interestingly, males exposed for 3 weeks to WwTW effluent re-paired with unexposed females significantly faster (4-6x) than control animals. This result was consistent between the effluents taken from the two WwTW. The implications of these behavioural changes are currently unknown but highlight the need for a varied set of tools to study the behavioural changes in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C Love
- Fisheries Department, Sparsholt College, Westley Lane, Hampshire, SO21 2NF, UK; Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, PO4 9LY, UK
| | - Neil Crooks
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4HP, UK
| | - Alex T Ford
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, PO4 9LY, UK.
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14
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Artal MC, Pereira KD, Luchessi AD, Okura VK, Henry TB, Marques-Souza H, de Aragão Umbuzeiro G. Transcriptome analysis in Parhyale hawaiensis reveal sex-specific responses to AgNP and AgCl exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113963. [PMID: 32004961 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the transcriptome of organisms exposed to toxicants offers new insights for ecotoxicology, but further research is needed to enhance interpretation of results and effectively incorporate them into useful environmental risk assessments. Factors that must be clarified to improve use of transcriptomics include assessment of the effect of organism sex within the context of toxicant exposure. Amphipods are well recognized as model organisms for toxicity evaluation because of their sensitivity and amenability to laboratory conditions. To investigate whether response to metals in crustaceans differs according to sex we analyzed the amphipod Parhyale hawaiensis after exposure to AgCl and Ag nanoparticles (AgNP) via contaminated food. Gene specific analysis and whole genome transcriptional profile of male and female organisms were performed by both RT-qPCR and RNA-seq. We observed that expression of transcripts of genes glutathione transferase (GST) did not differ among AgCl and AgNP treatments. Significant differences between males and females were observed after exposure to AgCl and AgNP. Males presented twice the number of differentially expressed genes in comparison to females, and more differentially expressed were observed after exposure to AgNP than AgCl treatments in both sexes. The genes that had the greatest change in expression relative to control were those genes related to peptidase and catalytic activity and chitin and carbohydrate metabolic processes. Our study is the first to demonstrate sex specific differences in the transcriptomes of amphipods upon exposure to toxicants and emphasizes the importance of considering gender in ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Coletty Artal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil; School of Technology, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, 13484-332, Brazil
| | - Karina Danielle Pereira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil; Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Augusto Ducati Luchessi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil; Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Vagner Katsumi Okura
- Life Sciences Core Facility (LaCTAD), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Theodore Burdick Henry
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure, and Society, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, 676 Dabney Hall, 1416 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996-1605, United States
| | - Henrique Marques-Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Gisela de Aragão Umbuzeiro
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil; School of Technology, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, 13484-332, Brazil.
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15
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Orr SE, Buchwalter DB. It's all about the fluxes: Temperature influences ion transport and toxicity in aquatic insects. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 221:105405. [PMID: 32014642 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many freshwater ecosystems are becoming saltier and/or warmer, but our understanding of how these factors interact and affect the physiology and life history outcomes of most aquatic species remain unknown. We hypothesize that temperature modulates ion transport rates. Since ion transport is energetically expensive, increases in salinity and/or temperature may influence ion flux rates and ultimately, organismal performance. Radiotracer (22Na+, 35SO4-2, and 45Ca2+) experiments with lab-reared mayflies (N. triangulifer) and other field-collected insects showed that increasing temperature generally increased ion transport rates. For example, increasing temperature from 15 °C to 25 °C, increased 22Na+ uptake rates by two-fold (p < 0.0001) and 35SO4-2 uptake rates by four-fold (p < 0.0001) in the caddisfly, Hydropsyche sparna. Smaller changes in 22Na+ and 35SO4-2 uptake rates were observed in the mayflies, Isonychia sayi and Maccaffertium sp., suggesting species-specific differences in the thermal sensitivity of ion transport. Finally, we demonstrated that the toxicity of SO4 was influenced by temperature profoundly in a 96-h bioassay. Under the saltiest conditions (1500 mg L-1 SO4), mayfly survival was 78 % at 15 °C, but only 44 % at 25 °C (p < 0.0036). Conceivably, the energetic cost of osmoregulation in warmer, saltier environments may cause significant major ion toxicity in certain freshwater insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Orr
- North Carolina State University, United States
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16
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Bardera G, Owen MA, Façanha FN, Sloman KA, Alexander ME. The influence of sex on feeding behaviour in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Appl Anim Behav Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2020.104946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Lopes C, Chaumot A, Xuereb B, Coulaud R, Jubeaux G, Quéau H, François A, Geffard O. In Situ Reproductive Bioassay with Caged Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea): Part 2-Evaluating the Relevance of Using a Molt Cycle Temperature-Dependent Model as a Reference to Assess Toxicity in Freshwater Monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:678-691. [PMID: 31881551 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Active biomonitoring approaches are now recognized as relevant for monitoring water contamination and toxicity. Nevertheless, due to the confounding influence of variable and uncontrolled environmental conditions such as temperature, biological markers measured on transplanted individuals to assess water quality are difficult to interpret. The purpose of the present study is to propose a methodology for adapting a laboratory test of chronic sublethal toxicity based on the molting cycle of Gammarus fossarum to in situ assays. To this end, we 1) adapted the molt cycle temperature-dependent model developed in Part 1 (Chaumot et al. 2020, this issue) to the fluctuating temperatures measured in the field; 2) assessed the predictive power of our approach as a "reference value" from gammarids caged in 9 nonimpacted sites at different seasons; and 3) tested the relevance of our tool to interpret in situ reproductive bioassays from 5 upstream/downstream studies and a large-scale deployment in 12 sites. Our approach based on modeling the progress of gammarid molting cycle as a function of temperature appeared to be a relevant and robust tool for interpreting in situ observations in different environmental contexts in time and space. By avoiding using a "reference" or upstream situation as a baseline from which water quality could be assessed, this approach provides a real added value to water quality diagnosis in biomonitoring programs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:678-691. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Lopes
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Benoit Xuereb
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Romain Coulaud
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guillaume Jubeaux
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hervé Quéau
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Adeline François
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Geffard
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, Villeurbanne, France
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18
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Grabner D, Sures B. Amphipod parasites may bias results of ecotoxicological research. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 136:123-134. [PMID: 31575839 DOI: 10.3354/dao03355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Amphipods are commonly used test organisms in ecotoxicological studies. Nevertheless, their naturally occurring parasites have mostly been neglected in these investigations, even though several groups of parasites can have a multitude of effects, e.g. on host survival, physiology, or behavior. In the present review, we summarize the knowledge on the effects of Microsporidia and Acanthocephala, 2 common and abundant groups of parasites in amphipods, on the outcome of ecotoxicological studies. Parasites can have significant effects on toxicological endpoints (e.g. mortality, biochemical markers) that are unexpected in some cases (e.g. down-regulation of heat shock protein 70 response in infected individuals). Therefore, parasites can bias the interpretation of results, for example if populations with different parasite profiles are compared, or if toxicological effects are masked by parasite effects. With the present review, we would like to encourage ecotoxicologists to consider parasites as an additional factor if field-collected test organisms are analyzed for biomarkers. Additionally, we suggest intensification of research activities on the effects of parasites in amphipods in connection with other stressors to disentangle parasite and pollution effects and to improve our understanding of parasite effects in this host taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Grabner
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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19
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Kadiene EU, Meng PJ, Hwang JS, Souissi S. Acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium on the copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei: A life history traits approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:396-404. [PMID: 31176903 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We determined the effect of acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium (Cd) on Pseudodiaptomus annandalei, according to their developmental and reproductive stages. Firstly, to estimate the 50% lethal concentration (LC50), acute exposure of nauplii and copepodids to 20, 40, 80, 150, and 300 μg/L of Cd was tested, and the effects of 5 μg/L and 40 μg/L of Cd on copepod developmental rate was done. Female lifespan and number of nauplii produced were compared. Secondly, one generation of copepod was exposed to dissolved (WCd) and dietary (DCd) Cd, and sex-specific Cd uptake and population density were estimated. 96 h LC50 was 40 μg/L Cd for nauplii and 120 μg/L Cd for copepodids. Duration of copepod development was 3.5 days and 5.5 days longer than the control when exposed to 5 μg/L and 40 μg/L of Cd, respectively. Female lifespan in both treatments were 9 and 8 days shorter than in the control, respectively. Total number of nauplii produced per female lifespan was 440 (control), 450 (5 μg/L Cd), and 365 (40 μg/L Cd). Cd uptake in copepods increased from nauplii to adults when exposed to dietary Cd and decreased when exposed to dissolved Cd. Dietary uptake of Cd was significantly higher in males than in females and Cd uptake from water was higher in males than in females, but not statistically significant. The total population of copepods were significantly affected by Cd. The toxic effects of Cd in copepods appear to depend on developmental stage, sex, duration and uptake route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther U Kadiene
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930, Wimereux, France; Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jie Meng
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan; National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Sami Souissi
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930, Wimereux, France.
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20
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Di Lorenzo T, Di Marzio WD, Fiasca B, Galassi DMP, Korbel K, Iepure S, Pereira JL, Reboleira ASPS, Schmidt SI, Hose GC. Recommendations for ecotoxicity testing with stygobiotic species in the framework of groundwater environmental risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 681:292-304. [PMID: 31103666 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of the growing global dependence on groundwater resources, environmental risk assessments (ERA) for groundwater are increasingly required and, with that, ecotoxicological studies with groundwater fauna (stygofauna). However, the literature on the ecotoxicological studies with stygobiotic species (i.e. species that complete their life cycle exclusively in groundwater) has not expanded significantly since the first paper published in this field. The limitations regarding the use of stygobiotic species for ecotoxicological testing are clear and consistent across the globe; stygobiotic species are often 1) naturally present in low numbers, 2) difficult to collect, and 3) difficult to culture under laboratory conditions. This paper reviews the methods used in ecotoxicological studies performed with stygobiotic species, and provides ten recommendations for Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) for such tests. The recommendations focused on the following 10 points: 1) the taxonomic identification, the life stage/size and gender of the test organisms; 2) collection methodology of the organisms, including collection location, conditions and methods; 3) holding and acclimation conditions in the laboratory; 4) exposure conditions such as test set up and exposure time, number of replicates and densities of organisms in tests and in test vessels; 5) range-finding test set up and schedule; 6) final test design, including details of controls and treatments, and replication options; 7) incubation conditions, specifying temperature, pH and oxygenation levels throughout the test; 8) test duration; 9) observations and endpoints; 10) test validity criteria and compliance. The recommendations were developed for the purpose of supporting future short-term ecotoxicological testing with stygofauna through providing consistency in the protocols. A discussion of the potential implications for groundwater managers and decision-makers committed to ERA for groundwater is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Di Lorenzo
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Walter Dario Di Marzio
- Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján - Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET, Argentina
| | - Barbara Fiasca
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1, Coppito 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Diana Maria Paola Galassi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1, Coppito 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Kathryn Korbel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2019, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sanda Iepure
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, José Beltrán 15 Martínez, 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain; University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, Wita Stwosza 59, 17 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joana Luísa Pereira
- Department of Biology & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marines Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia P S Reboleira
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne I Schmidt
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Sádkách 7, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Grant C Hose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2019, Sydney, Australia
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21
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High food quality increases infection of Gammarus pulex (Crustacea: Amphipoda) by the acanthocephalan parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis. Int J Parasitol 2019; 49:805-817. [PMID: 31348961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parasitism is an important process in ecosystems, but has been largely neglected in ecosystem research. However, parasites are involved in most trophic links in food webs with, in turn, a major role in community structure and ecosystem processes. Several studies have shown that higher nutrient availability in ecosystems tends to increase the prevalence of parasites. Yet, most of these studies focused on resource availability, whereas studies investigating resource quality remain scarce. In this study, we tested the impact of the quality of host food resources on infection by parasites, as well as on the consequences for the host. Three resources were used to individually feed Gammarus pulex (Crustacea: Amphipoda) experimentally infected or not infected with the acanthocephalan species Pomphorhynchus laevis: microbially conditioned leaf litter without phosphorus input (standard resource); microbially conditioned leaf litter enriched in phosphorus; and microbially conditioned leaf litter without phosphorus input but complemented with additional inputs of benthic diatoms rich in both phosphorus and eicosapentaenoic acid. During the 110 day experiment, infection rate, parasite load, host survival, and parasite-mediated behavioral traits implicated in trophic transmission were measured (refuge use, geotaxis and locomotor activity). The resources of higher quality, regardless of the infection status, reduced gammarid mortality and increased gammarid growth. In addition, higher quality resources increased the proportion of infected gammarids, and led to more cases of multi-infections. While slightly modifying the geotaxis behavior of uninfected gammarids, resource quality did not modulate the impact of parasites on host behavior. Finally, for most parameters, consumption of algal resources had a greater impact than did phosphorus-enriched leaf litter. Therefore, manipulation of resource quality significantly affected host-parasite relationships, which stressed the need for future research to investigate in natura the relationships between resource availability, resource quality and parasite prevalence.
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22
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Serdar O. The effect of dimethoate pesticide on some biochemical biomarkers in Gammarus pulex. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:21905-21914. [PMID: 31140088 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04629-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this presented study, it was aimed to determine the effects of pesticides on non-target organisms on the freshwater amphipod, Gammarus pulex, by biochemical responses. Acute toxicity value (LC50) in G. pulex of the dimethoate pesticide was determined. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferaz (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) levels of the G. pulex organism exposed to the subletal concentrations were analyzed by ELISA for 24 and 96 h. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the abilities of dimethoate pesticide induce to oxidative stress. The results revealed that MDA, GSH levels SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST activities of G. pulex can be used as an effective biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Serdar
- Fisheries Faculty, Munzur University, TR62000, Tunceli, Turkey.
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23
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Mehennaoui K, Cambier S, Serchi T, Ziebel J, Lentzen E, Valle N, Guérold F, Thomann JS, Giamberini L, Gutleb AC. Do the pristine physico-chemical properties of silver and gold nanoparticles influence uptake and molecular effects on Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea Amphipoda)? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:1200-1215. [PMID: 30189536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The specific and unique properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), make them of high interest for different scientific and industrial applications. Their increasing use will inevitably lead to their release in the environment and aquatic ecosystems where they may represent a threat to aquatic organisms. Being a widespread and important component of the aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblage, amphipods and more specifically Gammarus fossarum will certainly be exposed to AgNPs and AuNPs. For these reasons, G. fossarum was selected as model organism for this study. The aim of the present work was the evaluation of the influence of both size (20, 40 and 80 nm) and surface coating (citrate CIT, polyethylene glycol PEG) on the acute toxicity of AgNPs and AuNPs on G. fossarum. We investigated the effects of AgNPs and AuNPs on the uptake by G. fossarum, NP tissue distribution and the expression of stress related genes by the use of ICP-MS, NanoSIMS50, Cytoviva®, and Rt-qPCR, respectively. Ag and Au bioaccumulation revealed a significant surface-coating dependence, with CIT-AgNPs and CIT-AuNPs showing the higher bio-accumulation potential in G. fossarum as compared to PEG-NPs. Opposite to that, no size-dependent effects on the bioaccumulation potential was observed. SIMS imaging and CytoViva® revealed an influence of the type of metal on the tissue distribution after uptake, with AgNPs detected in the cuticle and the gills of G. fossarum, while AuNPs were detected in the gut area. Furthermore, AgNPs were found to up-regulate CuZnSOD gene expression while AuNPs led to its down-regulation. Modulation of SOD may indicate generation of reactive species of oxygen and a possible activation of antioxidant defence in order to prevent and defend the organism from oxidative stress. However, further investigations are still needed to better define the mechanisms underlying the observed AgNPs and AuNPs effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahina Mehennaoui
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg; Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Sébastien Cambier
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Tommaso Serchi
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Johanna Ziebel
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Esther Lentzen
- Material Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Nathalie Valle
- Material Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - François Guérold
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Thomann
- Material Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Laure Giamberini
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France.
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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24
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Dairain A, de Montaudouin X, Gonzalez P, Ciutat A, Baudrimont M, Maire O, Legeay A. Do trace metal contamination and parasitism influence the activities of the bioturbating mud shrimp Upogebia cf. pusilla? AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 204:46-58. [PMID: 30189350 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mud shrimp are considered as among the most influential ecosystem engineers in marine soft bottom environments because of their significant bioturbation activity and their high density. These organisms play a key role on the physical structure of sediments through intense sediment reworking activity and also deeply influence geochemical properties of sediments via frequent bioirrigation events. The influence that mud shrimp have on the environment is related to the magnitude of bioturbation processes and subsequently depends on their physiological condition. In natural environments, several factors act together and influence the well-being of organisms. Among them, the deleterious role of parasites on the physiology and the behavior of their host is well established. Aquatic organisms are also subject to pollutants released by anthropogenic activities. However, the effect of both stressors on the fitness and bioturbation activity of mud shrimp has never been investigated yet. We conducted a 14-day ex-situ experiment to evaluate the influence of trace metal contamination (cadmium Cd) and parasitism infestation on the gene expression (molecular endpoint) and sediment reworking activity (behavioral endpoint) of the mud shrimp Upogebia cf. pusilla. At completion, mud shrimp exhibited substantial Cd bioaccumulation, with parasitized organisms showing a significantly lower contaminant burden than unparasitized specimens. Cadmium contamination induces modifications of gene expression in both unparasitized and parasitized organisms. We report an antagonistic effect of both stressors on gene expression, which cannot be fully explained by a lower Cd bioaccumulation. At the behaviour level, parasitism seems to reduce the sediment reworking activity of mud shrimp, while Cd contamination appears to stimulate this activity. This study highlights that the effects of multiple stressors may be quite different from the effects of each stressor considered individually. It should also motivate for more studies evaluating the influence of multiple stressors on different endpoints encompassing various levels of organization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Olivier Maire
- Univ Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Alexia Legeay
- Univ Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, F-33400 Talence, France
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25
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Identification of reference genes for RT-qPCR data normalization in Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea Amphipoda). Sci Rep 2018; 8:15225. [PMID: 30323236 PMCID: PMC6189083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression profiling via RT-qPCR is a robust technique increasingly used in ecotoxicology. Determination and validation of optimal reference genes is a requirement for initiating RT-qPCR experiments. To our best knowledge, this study is the first attempt of identifying a set of reference genes for the freshwater crustacean Gammarus fossarum. Six candidate genes (Actin, TUB, UB, SDH, Clathrin and GAPDH) were tested in order to determine the most stable ones in different stress conditions and to increase the robustness of RT-qPCR data. SDH and Clathrin appeared as the most stable ones. A validation was performed using G. fossarum samples exposed for 15 days to AgNO3, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 40 nm and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) 40 nm. Effects on HSP90 were evaluated and data normalized using Clathrin and SDH. A down-regulation of HSP90 was observed when G. fossarum were exposed to AuNPs 40 nm whereas no effects were observed when G. fossarum were exposed to AgNPs 40 nm. This study highlights the importance of the preliminary determination of suitable reference genes for RT-qPCR experiments. Additionally, this study allowed, for the first time, the determination of a set of valuable genes that can be used in other RT-qPCR studies using G. fossarum as model organism.
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26
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Dairain A, de Montaudouin X, Gonzalez P, Ciutat A, Baudrimont M, Maire O, Gourves PY, Daffe G, Legeay A. Influence of the bioturbator Upogebia cf. pusilla on trace metal remobilization: Does parasitism matter? MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 139:87-98. [PMID: 29773317 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Marine sediments are an important source of contaminants since they are susceptible to be remobilized to the water column. By modifying the physical and biogeochemical characteristics of sediments, bioturbation can influence contaminants remobilization. Within bioturbators, mud shrimp are considered as among the most influential organisms in marine soft-bottom environments. The physiological state of mud shrimp can be impaired by bopyrid parasites. The present study aims to evaluate the influence of bopyrid-uninfested and bopyrid-infested mud shrimp on sediment contaminants resuspension. Through a 14-days ex-situ experiment we showed a moderate effect of mud shrimp on contaminant remobilization compared to molecular diffusion without the bioturbator. Conversely, parasite presence significantly impaired contaminant bioaccumulation in mud shrimp and interfered with genetic expression. The weak effect of mud shrimp on contaminant remobilization may be due to trace metal accumulation and thus we suggested to evaluate the influence of contaminants on activities of bioturbating species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Olivier Maire
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, F-33400, Talence, France
| | | | - Guillemine Daffe
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Observatoire Aquitain des Sciences de l'Univers, UMS 2567 POREA, F-33615, Pessac, France
| | - Alexia Legeay
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, F-33400, Talence, France
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27
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Gouveia D, Chaumot A, Charnot A, Almunia C, François A, Navarro L, Armengaud J, Salvador A, Geffard O. Ecotoxico-Proteomics for Aquatic Environmental Monitoring: First in Situ Application of a New Proteomics-Based Multibiomarker Assay Using Caged Amphipods. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:13417-13426. [PMID: 29068690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As a proof of principle, a selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mass spectrometry-based methodology was applied to the simultaneous quantification of dozens of protein biomarkers in caged amphipods (Gammarus fossarum). We evaluated the suitability of the methodology to assess complex field contaminations through its application in the framework of a regional river monitoring network. Thanks to the high throughput acquisition of biomarker levels in G. fossarum exposed in four reference and 13 contaminated sites, we analyzed the individual responses of 38 peptides reporting for 25 proteins of interest in 170 organisms. Responses obtained in contaminated sites included inductions of vitellogenin-like proteins in male organisms, inductions of Na+K+/ATPases, and strong inhibitions of molt-related proteins such as chitinase and JHE-carboxylesterase. Proteins from detoxification and immunity processes were also found modulated in abundance. Summarizing, the results presented here show that the SRM strategy developed for multibiomarker measurement paves a very promising way to define multiple indicators of the health status of sentinel organisms for environmental hazard assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte Gouveia
- Irstea, UR MALY, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie , F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
- CEA-Marcoule, DRF/Joliot/DMTS/SPI/Li2D, Laboratory Innovative Technologies for Detection and Diagnostics , Bagnols-Sur-Cèze, F-30207, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- Irstea, UR MALY, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie , F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aurore Charnot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques , UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 VILLEURBANNE, France
| | - Christine Almunia
- CEA-Marcoule, DRF/Joliot/DMTS/SPI/Li2D, Laboratory Innovative Technologies for Detection and Diagnostics , Bagnols-Sur-Cèze, F-30207, France
| | - Adeline François
- Irstea, UR MALY, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie , F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lionel Navarro
- Agence De L'Eau Rhone Mediterranée Corse , F-69363 Lyon, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- CEA-Marcoule, DRF/Joliot/DMTS/SPI/Li2D, Laboratory Innovative Technologies for Detection and Diagnostics , Bagnols-Sur-Cèze, F-30207, France
| | - Arnaud Salvador
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques , UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 VILLEURBANNE, France
| | - Olivier Geffard
- Irstea, UR MALY, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie , F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
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28
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Kadiene EU, Bialais C, Ouddane B, Hwang JS, Souissi S. Differences in lethal response between male and female calanoid copepods and life cycle traits to cadmium toxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:1227-1239. [PMID: 28990129 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the effect of cadmium (Cd) toxicity comparatively on two copepods, Eurytemora affinis (Poppe 1880) from a temperate region (Seine Estuary, France) and Pseudodiaptomus annandalei (Sewell 1919) from a subtropical region (Danshuei Estuary, Taiwan), according to their sex and reproductive stages. In addition, the effect of Cd to their life cycle traits was quantified. In the first experiment, both copepod sexes were exposed to 40, 80, 150, 220, and 360 µg/L of Cd and a control cultured in salinity 15, except that the temperature was 18 °C for E. affinis and 26 °C for P. annandalei. This allowed calculating median lethal concentration (LC50) of Cd after 96 h. This was 120.6 µg/L Cd for P. annandalei males which were almost twice as sensitive as P. annandalei females (LC50 = 239.5 µg/L Cd). For E. affinis females, the LC50 was 90.04 µg/L Cd, reflecting a 1.4 times higher sensitivity of females than of males (LC50 = 127.75 µg/L Cd). The males of both species were similarly sensitive; however, the E. affinis females were 2.7 times more sensitive than the P. annandalei females. We also compared the sensitivity of ovigerous females (OVF) and non-ovigerous females (NOF) of both species to Cd. Mortality was higher in NOF than in OVF of both copepod species in both the control and the 40 µg/L Cd treatment. Finally, the total population, fecundity and female morphology of both copepod species were estimated after exposing one generation cycle (nauplius to adult) to 40 μg/L Cd (for E. affinis) and 160 μg/L Cd (for P. annandalei). A significant decrease in cohort production, survival and clutch size but no significant difference in the prosome length of both copepod species exposed to Cd were detected. The ratio of OVF:NOF was high in both copepod species exposed to Cd. Cd toxicity did not significantly affect the M:F sex ratio and % OVF of E. affinis. However, the effect of Cd toxicity in P. annandalei was significant in the M:F sex ratio and was in favor of females and their reproductive activities due to an increase in % OVF. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in total production of P. annandalei due to high mortality in their nauplii and copepodid developmental stages. Toxicity to Cd appears to be affected by multiple factors including sex, reproductive life stage and species. The ecological implication of Cd toxicity on E. affinis and P. annandalei copepod ecology is more related to a skewed sex ratio, low egg production, reduced hatchability and reduced survival that affects the recruitment potential of the copepod nauplii resulting in a decreasing copepod population. Mortality, reproduction and population growth of model species may provide important bio-indicators for environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther U Kadiene
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224, Keelung, Taiwan
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930, Wimereux, France
| | - Capucine Bialais
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930, Wimereux, France
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- Université de Lille1, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, Laboratoire LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Sami Souissi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930, Wimereux, France.
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29
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Garcia-Galan MJ, Sordet M, Buleté A, Garric J, Vulliet E. Evaluation of the influence of surfactants in the bioaccumulation kinetics of sulfamethoxazole and oxazepam in benthic invertebrates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 592:554-564. [PMID: 28342560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The potential ecotoxicological effects of mixtures of contaminants in the aquatic environment are generating a global concern. Benthic invertebrates, such as the crustacean Gammarus fossarum, are key in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, and are frequently used as sentinel species of water quality status. The aim of this work was to study the effects of a mixture of the most frequently detected surfactants in the bioconcentration kinetics of two pharmaceuticals in G. fossarum, evaluating their potential enhancing or suppressing effects. Laboratory exposure experiments for both pharmaceuticals and surfactants (concentration ratio 1:25) were set up for two individual compounds, the anxiolytic oxazepam and the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole. Gammarid samples were processed using microQuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) extraction. Pharmaceuticals concentration in the organisms was followed-up by means of nanoliquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS). Results indicated a similar mode of action of the surfactants in the bioconcentration kinetics of both drugs, decreasing the accumulation rate in the organism. Oxazepam showed a higher accumulation potential than sulfamethoxazole in all cases. Depuration experiments for oxazepam also demonstrated the high depurative capacity of gammarids, eliminating >50% of the concentration of oxazepam in <6h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesus Garcia-Galan
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université Lyon1, ENS-Lyon. 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; GEMMA, Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Research Group, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Martin Sordet
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université Lyon1, ENS-Lyon. 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Audrey Buleté
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université Lyon1, ENS-Lyon. 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jeanne Garric
- IRSTEA, UR MAEP, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vulliet
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université Lyon1, ENS-Lyon. 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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30
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Labaude S, Rigaud T, Cézilly F. Additive effects of temperature and infection with an acanthocephalan parasite on the shredding activity of Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea: Amphipoda): the importance of aggregative behavior. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:1415-1424. [PMID: 27591398 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Climate change can have critical impacts on the ecological role of keystone species, leading to subsequent alterations within ecosystems. The consequences of climate change may be best predicted by understanding its interaction with the cumulative effects of other stressors, although this approach is rarely adopted. However, whether this interaction is additive or interactive can hardly be predicted from studies examining a single factor at a time. In particular, biotic interactions are known to induce modifications in the functional role of many species. Here, we explored the effect of temperature on leaf consumption by a keystone freshwater shredder, the amphipod Gammarus fossarum. This species is found at high densities in the wild and relies on aggregation as an antipredator behavior. In addition, gammarids regularly harbor acanthocephalan parasites that are known to induce multiple effects on their hosts, including modifications on their functional role. We thus assessed the cumulative effect of both intraspecific interactions and parasitism. Consumption tests were conducted on gammarids, either naturally infected with Pomphorhynchus tereticollis or uninfected, feeding alone or in groups. Our results show that increased temperatures induced a significant increase in consumption, but only to a certain extent. Interestingly, consumption at the highest temperature depended on amphipod density: Whereas a decrease was observed for single individuals, no such effect on feeding was observed for individuals in groups. In addition, infection by acanthocephalan parasites per se significantly negatively impacted the shredding role of gammarids. Overall, the combined effects of parasitism and temperature appeared to be additive. Thus, future studies focusing on the impact of climate change on the functional role of keystone species may benefit from a multimodal approach under realistic conditions to derive accurate predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Labaude
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Dijon, France
| | - Thierry Rigaud
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Dijon, France
| | - Frank Cézilly
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Dijon, France
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31
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Bedulina D, Meyer MF, Gurkov A, Kondratjeva E, Baduev B, Gusdorf R, Timofeyev MA. Intersexual differences of heat shock response between two amphipods ( Eulimnogammarus verrucosus and Eulimnogammarus cyaneus) in Lake Baikal. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2864. [PMID: 28243524 PMCID: PMC5322754 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute temperature fluctuations are common in surface waters, and aquatic organisms may manifest physiological responses to punctuated temperature spikes long before behavioral responses. Ectotherms, especially cryophilic stenotherms such as those endemic to Lake Baikal (Siberia), may demonstrate specialized physiological responses to acute temperature increases because their proteomes have evolved to function most efficiently at lower temperatures (e.g., <10 °C). Therefore, our study questioned the nature and degree of variation in physiological response to acute thermal stress in two congenerous, endemic Baikal amphipod species, Eulimnogammarus verrucosus and Eulimnogammarus cyaneus. We hypothesized that because interspecific and intersexual thermosensitivity varies significantly among ectotherms, there would be divergent intersexual and interspecific strategies to withstand acute thermal stress, manifested in different protein compositions and concentrations. We exposed individuals to the species’ respective LT50 for one hour followed by a three-hour recovery period. We then performed 1D-PAGE, Western blotting, 2D-PAGE, and Mass Spectrometry techniques and assessed relative intersexual and interspecific changes in proteomic composition and heat shock protein 70 level. Our results demonstrate that females tend to be more sensitive to an acute thermal stimulus than males, most likely because females allocate significant energy to reproduction and less to heat shock response, evidenced by females’ significantly lower LT50time. Lower level of Hsp70 was found in females of the thermosensitive E. verrucosus compared to males of this species. No intersexual differences were found in Hsp70 level in thermotolerant E. cyaneus. Higher levels of hemocyanin subunits and arginine kinase were found in E. cyaneus females after heat shock and recovery compared to males, which was not found for E. verrucosus, suggesting interspecific mechanisms for E. cyaneus’s higher thermotolerance. These differing responses between species and sexes of Baikal amphipods may reflect more general strategies for maintaining homeostatic conditions during acute thermal stress. As mean surface water temperatures increase worldwide, the net efficiency and efficacy of these strategies could give rise to long term changes in physiology, behavior, and interactions with other species, potentially precipitating population and community level alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Bedulina
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University , Irkutsk , Russia
| | - Michael F Meyer
- School of the Environment, Washington State University , Pullman , WA , USA
| | - Anton Gurkov
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia; Baikal Research Centre, Irkutsk, Russia
| | | | - Boris Baduev
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia; Baikal Research Centre, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Roman Gusdorf
- University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , United States
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Mehennaoui K, Georgantzopoulou A, Felten V, Andreï J, Garaud M, Cambier S, Serchi T, Pain-Devin S, Guérold F, Audinot JN, Giambérini L, Gutleb AC. Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea, Amphipoda) as a model organism to study the effects of silver nanoparticles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:1649-1659. [PMID: 27328878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Amphipods are one of the most important components of freshwater ecosystems. Among them, gammarids are the most widespread group in Europe and are often used as bioindicators and model organisms in ecotoxicology. However, their use, especially of Gammarus fossarum for the study of the environmental impact of nanoparticles, has been rather limited so far. G. fossarum was selected to assess effects of well-characterized chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs 20nm and 200nm) and "green" laboratory synthetized (from plant leaf extracts) AgNPs (AgNPs 23nm and 27nm). AgNO3 was used as a positive control to compare AgNPs effects and silver ions effects. A multibiomarker approach was used to investigate the sub-lethal effects of AgNPs on physiological and behavioural responses of G. fossarum. Two different experiments were carried out. In a preliminary experiment, two populations of G. fossarum (G.f1 and G.f2) were tested for sensitivity differences and the most sensitive one was exposed, in a final experiment, to sub-lethal concentrations of AgNO3 and the most toxic AgNPs. AgNO3 and AgNPs 23nm led to a significant decrease in survival rates, osmoregulation and locomotor activity. Ag internalisation, performed with Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), showed the presence of silver in gills of G.f2 exposed to AgNPs 23 and 27nm. This study highlighted the influence of method of synthesis on ion release, uptake and toxic effects of AgNPs on G. fossarum. Osmoregulation appeared to be an effective biomarker indicating the physiological health status of G. fossarum. Locomotor activity, which was the most impacted response, reflects the potential effects of released ions from AgNPs 23nm at the population level as locomotion is necessary for foraging, finding mates and escaping from predators. Therefore, we propose G. fossarum as a suitable model for environmental nanotoxicology, providing information both at individual and population levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahina Mehennaoui
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Anastasia Georgantzopoulou
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vincent Felten
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Jennifer Andreï
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Maël Garaud
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Sébastien Cambier
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Tommaso Serchi
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sandrine Pain-Devin
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - François Guérold
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Jean-Nicolas Audinot
- Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Laure Giambérini
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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Nieto E, Hampel M, González-Ortegón E, Drake P, Blasco J. Influence of temperature on toxicity of single pharmaceuticals and mixtures, in the crustacean A. desmarestii. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 313:159-169. [PMID: 27060865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lethal and sublethal responses of the shrimp Atyaephyra desmarestii exposed to three pharmaceutical compounds, Diclofenac (DF), Ibuprofen (IB) and Carbamazepine (CBZ), individually and in mixtures, were evaluated under two temperature scenarios. LC50 (96h) values were obtained individually at 20° and 25°C. At 25°C, mortality in binary and ternary mixtures is higher than at 20°C. The toxicity of the mixtures was predicted on the basis of individual mortality data using two toxicity models: Concentration addition (CA) and Independent action (IA). Our results showed that neither CA nor IA unequivocally predicted the observed toxicity of binary and ternary mixtures. For sublethal toxicity, selected endpoints were: ingestion rate, osmoregulatory capacity and respiration rate. Regarding osmoregulatory capacity, no significant differences were found. The highest ingestion rates were recorded in organisms exposed at 25°C, irrespective of the compound, after 30 and 60min of exposure. At 20°C, there was a significant decrease in respiration rate (Dunnett́s test p<0.05) under conditions of severe anoxia (1mg O2L(-1)) in organisms exposed to 13.3μgL(-1) of DF. At 25°C a significantly lower respiration rate with respect to the control (Dunnett́s test p<0.05) was found in organisms exposed to 13.8μgL(-1) of CBZ under conditions of moderate hypoxia and well-oxygenated water (3 and 5mg O2L(-1), respectively). The respiratory independence of organisms exposed to the higher temperature (25°C) also decreased. This study shows that CBZ and DF individually, even at relatively low concentrations, may produce respiratory deficiencies in the freshwater shrimp, Atyaephyra desmarestii under certain temperature and water oxygenation conditions, thus reducing its ability to function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nieto
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain.
| | - Miriam Hampel
- Departamento de Química Física, Centro Andaluz de Ciencia y Tecnología Marinas (CACYTMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Enrique González-Ortegón
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz, Muelle de Levante, Apdo. 2609, 11006 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pilar Drake
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Julián Blasco
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
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Mansano AS, Moreira RA, Pierozzi M, Oliveira TMA, Vieira EM, Rocha O, Regali-Seleghim MH. Effects of diuron and carbofuran pesticides in their pure and commercial forms on Paramecium caudatum: The use of protozoan in ecotoxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:160-172. [PMID: 26890484 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Toxic effects of diuron and carbofuran on Paramecium caudatum were evaluated. Acute and chronic tests were conducted with diuron and carbofuran active ingredients and their commercial formulations, Diuron Nortox(®) 500 SC and Furadan(®) 350 SC, respectively. The sensitivity range of P. caudatum to reference substance sodium chloride was established. A preliminary risk assessment of diuron and carbofuran for Brazilian water bodies was performed. The tests indicated that toxicity of pure diuron and its commercial formulation was similar, while the commercial product carbofuran was more toxic than its pure form. In acute tests, readings were carried out at 2, 3, 4 and 6 h and showed an increase of mortality with increasing exposure time. The sensitivity of P. caudatum to NaCl ranged from 3.31 to 4.44 g L(-1), averaging 3.88 g L(-1). For diuron, the 6 h LC50 was 64.6 ± 3.3 mg L(-1) for its pure form and 62.4 ± 2.5 mg L(-1) for its commercial formulation. Carbofuran active ingredient was less toxic than that of diuron, presenting a 6 h LC50 of 142.0 ± 2.4 mg L(-1) for its pure form and 70.4 ± 2.2 mg L(-1) for its commercial product. Chronic tests showed that these pesticides cause significant decrease on population growth, generation number and biomass of P. caudatum. The 24 h IC50 was 7.10 ± 0.58 mg L(-1) for pure diuron, 6.78 ± 0.92 mg L(-1) for commercial diuron, 22.95 ± 3.57 mg L(-1) for pure carbofuran and 4.98 ± 0.62 mg L(-1) for commercial carbofuran. Preliminary risk assessment indicated that diuron and carbofuran present potential ecological risks for Brazilian water bodies. P. caudatum was a suitable and sensitive test organism to evaluate diuron and carbofuran toxicity to freshwater protozooplankton and, taking into account the relevant role of protozoans in aquatic environments, we strongly recommend its inclusion in ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrislaine S Mansano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Raquel A Moreira
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara Pierozzi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiessa M A Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eny M Vieira
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Odete Rocha
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirna H Regali-Seleghim
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Vu HT, Keough MJ, Long SM, Pettigrove VJ. Effects of the boscalid fungicide Filan® on the marine amphipod Allorchestes compressa at environmentally relevant concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1130-1137. [PMID: 26378894 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides are widely used in agriculture to control fungal diseases. After application, fungicides can be transported offsite to surface and groundwater and ultimately enter estuarine and marine environments. The presence of fungicides in the marine environment may pose risks to marine organisms, but little is known about fungicide effects on these organisms, especially invertebrates. The present study investigated the effects of the commonly used boscalid fungicide Filan® on life history traits, feeding rate, and energy reserves (lipid, glycogen, and protein content) of the marine amphipod Allorchestes compressa over 6 wk under laboratory conditions. Amphipods were exposed to 3 concentrations of Filan (1 μg, 10 μg, and 40 μg active ingredient [a.i.]/L), with 5 replicates per treatment. Lipid content and reproduction were the most sensitive measures of effect, with lipid content reduced by 53.8% at the highest concentration. Survival, growth, and other energy reserves of amphipods were also negatively affected by Filan, and the effects were concentration dependent. Antennal deformities were incidentally observed on the amphipods at a concentration of 40 μg a.i./L. The results of the present study indicate comprehensive effects of the boscalid fungicide Filan on A. compressa at environmentally relevant concentrations. The decline or absence of A. compressa in marine ecosystems could impair the ecosystem function because of their important role in trophic transfer and nutrient recycling. The authors' results suggest that even though the use of fungicides is often regarded as posing only a minor risk to aquatic organisms, the assessment of their long-term effects is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung T Vu
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J Keough
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara M Long
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincent J Pettigrove
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Andreï J, Pain-Devin S, Felten V, Devin S, Giambérini L, Mehennaoui K, Cambier S, Gutleb AC, Guérold F. Silver nanoparticles impact the functional role of Gammarus roeseli (Crustacea Amphipoda). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 208:608-18. [PMID: 26552543 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (nAg) are widely used in consumer products and the risk associated with their potential release into freshwater ecosystems needs to be addressed using environmentally realistic exposure concentrations. Here, the effects of low concentrations (0.5-5 μg L(-1)) of two different sized nAg (10 and 60 nm) and a silver nitrate positive control were evaluated in Gammarus roeseli following exposure for 72 h. Cellular, individual and functional endpoints were independently studied and the most striking results were reported for functional endpoints. Indeed, without a change in their feeding activity, the gammarids produced significantly fewer fine particles of organic matter when exposed to nAg, even at 0.5 μg L(-1) of 10 nm nAg. These functional endpoints seem to be efficient markers for detecting the early effects of nAg on G. roeseli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Andreï
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC) - Université de Lorraine, UMR 7360 CNRS, UFR SciFA, Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France.
| | - Sandrine Pain-Devin
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC) - Université de Lorraine, UMR 7360 CNRS, UFR SciFA, Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Vincent Felten
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC) - Université de Lorraine, UMR 7360 CNRS, UFR SciFA, Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Simon Devin
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC) - Université de Lorraine, UMR 7360 CNRS, UFR SciFA, Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Laure Giambérini
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC) - Université de Lorraine, UMR 7360 CNRS, UFR SciFA, Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France; International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT), Aix en Provence, France
| | - Kahina Mehennaoui
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC) - Université de Lorraine, UMR 7360 CNRS, UFR SciFA, Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France; Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) - 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sebastien Cambier
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) - 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) - 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - François Guérold
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC) - Université de Lorraine, UMR 7360 CNRS, UFR SciFA, Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
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Gismondi E, Mazzucchelli G, De Pauw E, Joaquim-Justo C, Thomé JP. Gender differences in responses in Gammarus pulex exposed to BDE-47: A gel-free proteomic approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 122:205-213. [PMID: 26256056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Very few ecotoxicological studies have considered differences in toxic effects on male and female organisms. Here, we investigated protein expression differences in caeca of Gammarus pulex males and females under control conditions (unexposed) and after 96h exposure to BDE-47. Using gel-free proteomic analysis, we have identified 45 proteins, of which 25 were significantly differently expressed according to sex and/or BDE-47 exposure. These proteins were involved in several biological processes such as energy metabolism, chaperone proteins, or transcription/translation. In unexposed amphipods, 11 proteins were significantly over-expressed in females, and 6 proteins were over-expressed in males. Under BDE-47 stress, 7 proteins were differently impacted according to sex. For example, catalase was over-expressed in exposed females and under-expressed in exposed males, as compared to respective controls. Conversely, proteins involved in energy metabolism were up-regulated in males and down-regulated in females. Our proteomic study showed differences in responses of males and females to BDE-47 exposure, emphasizing that sex is a confounding factor in ecotoxicological assessment. However, due to the limited information existing in databases on Gammarids, it was difficult to define a BDE-47 mechanism of action. The gel-free proteomic seems to be a promising method to develop in future ecotoxicological studies and thus, to improve our understanding of the mechanism of action of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gismondi
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Centre of Analytical Research and Technology (CART), Liège University, Belgium.
| | - G Mazzucchelli
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, GIGA-R, Liège University, Belgium
| | - E De Pauw
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, GIGA-R, Liège University, Belgium
| | - C Joaquim-Justo
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Centre of Analytical Research and Technology (CART), Liège University, Belgium
| | - J P Thomé
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Centre of Analytical Research and Technology (CART), Liège University, Belgium
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Feckler A, Rosenfeldt RR, Seitz F, Schulz R, Bundschuh M. Photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles affect habitat selection of and food quality for a key species in the leaf litter decomposition process. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 196:276-283. [PMID: 25463723 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Interactions with environmental parameters may alter the ecotoxicity of nanoparticles. The present study therefore assessed the (in)direct effects of nanoparticulate titanium dioxide (nano-TiO(2)) towards Gammarus fossarum, considering nano-TiO(2)'s photocatalytic properties at ambient UV-intensities. Gammarids' habitat selection was investigated using its feeding preference on leaf discs either exposed to or protected from UV-irradiation in presence of nano-TiO(2) as proxy (n = 49). UV-irradiational one induced a significant preference for UV-protected habitats, which was more pronounced in simultaneous presence of nano-TiO(2). This behaviour may be mainly explained by the UV-induced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by nano-TiO(2). Besides their direct toxicity, ROS may have lowered the leaf-quality in UV-exposed areas contributing (approximately 30%) to the observed behavioural pattern. Since the predicted no effect concentration of nano-TiO(2) in combination with UV irradiation falls below the predicted environmental concentration this study underpins the importance of considering environmental parameters during the risk assessment of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Feckler
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany.
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Garaud M, Trapp J, Devin S, Cossu-Leguille C, Pain-Devin S, Felten V, Giamberini L. Multibiomarker assessment of cerium dioxide nanoparticle (nCeO2) sublethal effects on two freshwater invertebrates, Dreissena polymorpha and Gammarus roeseli. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 158:63-74. [PMID: 25461746 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cerium nanoparticles (nCeO2) are widely used in everyday products, as fuel and paint additives. Meanwhile, very few studies on nCeO2 sublethal effects on aquatic organisms are available. We tried to fill this knowledge gap by investigating short-term effects of nCeO2 at environmentally realistic concentrations on two freshwater invertebrates; the amphipod Gammarus roeseli and the bivalve Dreissena polymorpha, using an integrated multibiomarker approach to detect early adverse effects of nCeO2 on organism biology. Differences in the behaviour of the organisms and of nanoparticles in the water column led to differential nCeO2 bioaccumulations, G. roeseli accumulating more cerium than D. polymorpha. Exposure to nCeO2 led to decreases in the size of the lysosomal system, catalase activity and lipoperoxidation in mussel digestive glands that could result from nCeO2 antioxidant properties, but also negatively impacted haemolymph ion concentrations. At the same time, no strong adverse effects of nCeO2 could be observed on G. roeseli. Further experiments will be necessary to confirm the absence of severe nCeO2 adverse effects in long-term environmentally realistic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garaud
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France; International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT), Aix en Provence, France
| | - J Trapp
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - S Devin
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - C Cossu-Leguille
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - S Pain-Devin
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - V Felten
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - L Giamberini
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France; International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT), Aix en Provence, France.
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Gismondi E, Thomé JP. Effects of two PBDE congeners on the moulting enzymes of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 191:119-125. [PMID: 24832922 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are abundant in aquatic environment. However, only few studies have investigated their impacts on freshwater invertebrates. This work aimed to study the effects of BDE-47 and BDE-99 congeners on the chitobiase and chitinolytic enzymes activities of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex, according to gender, PBDE concentration and time of exposure. In addition, the bioaccumulation of BDE-47 and BDE-99 were measured. Results revealed that females have bioaccumulated more PBDE than males, and BDE-99 was more accumulated than BDE-47. PBDE exposures for 96 h have caused chitobiase and chitinolytic enzymes inhibition. This study not only indicate the importance of taking into account various confounding factors (gender, congeners, concentration) to understand PBDE effects, but underline also disruptions of molting enzymes activities. These disturbances suggest effects on the gammarid development and reproduction, and consequently effects on the gammarid population, and on a larger scale, a dysfunction of the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gismondi
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Animale et d'Ecotoxicologie (LEAE), Institue de Chimie, Bât. B6C, 15 allée du 6 Août, Sart-Tilman, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Pierre Thomé
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Animale et d'Ecotoxicologie (LEAE), Institue de Chimie, Bât. B6C, 15 allée du 6 Août, Sart-Tilman, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Charron L, Geffard O, Chaumot A, Coulaud R, Jaffal A, Gaillet V, Dedourge-Geffard O, Geffard A. Influence of molting and starvation on digestive enzyme activities and energy storage in Gammarus fossarum. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96393. [PMID: 24788197 PMCID: PMC4005779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the many biological responses studied in ecotoxicology, energy-based biomarkers such as digestive enzyme activities and energy reserves appear to be useful predictive tools for detecting physiological disturbances in organisms. However, the use of these biological responses as biomarkers could be limited by the effects of confounding factors (biotic and abiotic) and physiological processes, such as the reproductive cycle. Thus, the optimal use of these biomarkers will be facilitated by understanding the effects of these factors on the energy metabolism of the sentinel species being studied. We considered abiotic factors (temperature and conductivity) in a previous study, whereas the present study investigated the effects of gender, the female reproductive stage, and food availability on the digestive enzyme activities and energy storage of Gammarus fossarum. The results indicated that, during the female reproductive cycle, the activities of digestive enzymes (amylase, cellulase, and trypsin) decreased significantly, whereas the levels of reserves (proteins, lipids, and sugar) increased until the last premolt stage. Restricted food diets only led to decreased amylase activities in both sexes. Food starvation also induced a decrease in the energy outcomes in females, whereas there were no effects in males. In general, the biochemical (digestive enzyme activities) and physiological (energy reserves) responses were more stable in males than in females. These results support the use of males fed ad libitum to limit the effects of confounding factors when using these energy biomarkers in Gammarus fossarum during biomonitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Charron
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, Unité Interactions Animal-Environnement, Reims, France
| | - Olivier Geffard
- Institut national de Recherche en sciences technologiques pour l’environnement et l’agriculture, Unité de Recherche Milieux Aquatiques, Ecologie et Pollutions (MAEP), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- Institut national de Recherche en sciences technologiques pour l’environnement et l’agriculture, Unité de Recherche Milieux Aquatiques, Ecologie et Pollutions (MAEP), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Romain Coulaud
- Institut national de Recherche en sciences technologiques pour l’environnement et l’agriculture, Unité de Recherche Milieux Aquatiques, Ecologie et Pollutions (MAEP), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ali Jaffal
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, Unité Interactions Animal-Environnement, Reims, France
| | - Véronique Gaillet
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, Unité Interactions Animal-Environnement, Reims, France
| | - Odile Dedourge-Geffard
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, Unité Interactions Animal-Environnement, Reims, France
| | - Alain Geffard
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, Unité Interactions Animal-Environnement, Reims, France
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Charles J, Crini G, Degiorgi F, Sancey B, Morin-Crini N, Badot PM. Unexpected toxic interactions in the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex (L.) exposed to binary copper and nickel mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:1099-1111. [PMID: 23872894 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To document the toxicity of copper and nickel in binary mixtures, freshwater amphipods Gammarus pulex were exposed to the metals given independently or as mixtures. Toxicity to Cu alone was relatively high: 96-h LC10 and LC50 were found at 91 and 196 μg L(-1), respectively. Toxicity to Ni alone was very low, with 96-h LC10 and LC50 of 44,900 and 79,200 μg L(-1), respectively. Mixture toxicities were calculated from single toxicity data using conventional models. Modeled toxicity was then compared with the measured toxicity of the binary mixture. Two kinds of mixtures were tested. Type I mixtures were designed as combinations of Cu and Ni given at the same effect concentrations, when taken independently, to identify possible interactions between copper and nickel. In type II mixtures, Cu concentrations varied from 0 to 600 μg L(-1) while the nickel concentration was kept constant at 500 μg L(-1) to mimic conditions of industrial wastewater discharges. Ni and Cu showed synergic effects in type I mixtures while type II mixtures revealed antagonistic effects. Low doses of Ni reduced Cu toxicity towards G. pulex. These results show that even for simple binary mixtures of contaminants with known chemistry and toxicity, unexpected interactions between the contaminants may occur. This reduces the reliability of conventional additivity models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Charles
- UMR CNRS 6249 USC INRA Chrono-Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, Place Leclerc, 25030, Besançon, France
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Charron L, Geffard O, Chaumot A, Coulaud R, Queau H, Geffard A, Dedourge-Geffard O. Effect of water quality and confounding factors on digestive enzyme activities in Gammarus fossarum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:9044-9056. [PMID: 23784059 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The feeding activity and subsequent assimilation of the products resulting from food digestion allow organisms to obtain energy for growth, maintenance and reproduction. Among these biological parameters, we studied digestive enzymes (amylase, cellulase and trypsin) in Gammarus fossarum to assess the impact of contaminants on their access to energy resources. However, to enable objective assessment of a toxic effect of decreased water quality on an organisms' digestive capacity, it is necessary to establish reference values based on its natural variability as a function of changing biotic and abiotic factors. To limit the confounding influence of biotic factors, a caging approach with calibrated male organisms from the same population was used. This study applied an in situ deployment at 23 sites of the Rhone basin rivers, complemented by a laboratory experiment assessing the influence of two abiotic factors (temperature and conductivity). The results showed a small effect of conductivity on cellulase activity and a significant effect of temperature on digestive enzyme activity but only at the lowest temperature (7 °C). The experimental conditions allowed us to define an environmental reference value for digestive enzyme activities to select sites where the quality of the water impacted the digestive capacity of the organisms. In addition to the feeding rate, this study showed the relevance of digestive enzymes as biomarkers to be used as an early warning tool to reflect organisms' health and the chemical quality of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Charron
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA 4689, Unité Interactions Animal-Environnement (EA 4689), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France,
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Gismondi E, Cossu-Leguille C, Beisel JN. Do male and female gammarids defend themselves differently during chemical stress? AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 140-141:432-438. [PMID: 23920114 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To investigate xenobiotic impacts on organism physiology, several studies involve biomarker assessment. However, most studies do not take into account the toxic effect on both males and females. Here, we have investigated the influence of gender on the detoxification response (reduced glutathione, metallothionein, γ-glutamylcystein ligase and carotenoid), energy reserves (protein, lipids and glycogen) and biomarker of toxic effects (malondialdehyde) in Gammarus roeseli exposed to cadmium. A principal component analysis revealed that G. roeseli males and females were differently impacted by cadmium. We observed lower malondialdehyde levels in females than in males, whatever the condition tested (i.e. control, 2 and 8 μg CdL(-1)), although the pattern of responses of control and exposures to 2 or 8 μgL(-1) was the same for both genders. Results could be linked to apparently more effective detoxification displayed by females than by males. Protein concentrations were unchanged in both genders, lipids contents were always significantly decreased and glycogen contents decreased only in females. This study supports the importance of taking into account the gender in ecotoxicological studies to have an overview of xenobiotics effects on a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gismondi
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, Metz F-57070, France.
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Vellinger C, Gismondi E, Felten V, Rousselle P, Mehennaoui K, Parant M, Usseglio-Polatera P. Single and combined effects of cadmium and arsenate in Gammarus pulex (Crustacea, Amphipoda): understanding the links between physiological and behavioural responses. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 140-141:106-116. [PMID: 23770824 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the individual and interactive effects of cadmium (Cd) and arsenate (AsV) in Gammarus pulex (Crustacea, Amphipoda) through the use of several biomarkers. Individuals were exposed for 240 h to two concentrations of AsV or Cd alone, and all the possible binary mixtures of these concentrations of AsV and Cd in a complete factorial design. The pattern of the biomarkers' responses to Cd and AsV alone or in mixture was similar in Gammarus pulex, even if the response intensity varied depending on the tested conditions. G. pulex responded to contamination with increased mobilization of the detoxification systems [i.e. γ-glutamyl-cystein ligase activity (GCL), reduced glutathione content (GSH) and metallothionein concentrations (MT)]. This response seems to imply changes in energy reserve utilization (total lipids and proteins are used prior to glycogen reserves), but also a possible energy reallocation from locomotion to detoxification processes. The observed increase in lipid peroxidation could be relied to the increasing gammarid mortality, despite the higher mobilization of detoxification systems. Even if the outcome of the complex interactions between AsV and Cd remains difficult to unravel, such studies are critically important for better assessing the effects of stressors on organisms, populations and communities in a multi-contamination context of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Vellinger
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine - Metz, France.
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Gismondi E, Beisel JN, Cossu-Leguille C. Influence of gender and season on reduced glutathione concentration and energy reserves of Gammarus roeseli. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 118:47-52. [PMID: 22769238 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As biomarkers are known to be influenced by biotic and abiotic factors (e.g. gender, temperature), we investigated over a one-year long sampling period, the influence of season and gender on reduced glutathione concentrations and its synthesis in the crustacean amphipod Gammarus roeseli. At the same time, we assessed energy reserves and malondialdehyde levels as toxic biomarker. Results have shown that, in both genders, reduced glutathione concentrations were inversely correlated to water temperature, and higher in females than in males whatever the season. Total lipid and glycogen contents were higher in females than in males, allowing females to have enough energy to assume the reproductive period and maintain high GSH concentrations for detoxification processes. Conversely, females have lower cell damages than males. These differences between genders could induce differential sensitivity in a contamination context, and thus affect the population. Females could resist better than males in contaminated environments, especially in spring when reduced glutathione concentration is the highest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gismondi
- Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie Biodiversité Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, Université de Lorraine (UdL), Campus Bridoux, Metz, France.
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47
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Vellinger C, Parant M, Rousselle P, Usseglio-Polatera P. Antagonistic toxicity of arsenate and cadmium in a freshwater amphipod (Gammarus pulex). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:1817-1827. [PMID: 22535317 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Because toxicants rarely occur alone in the environment, a major challenge in risk assessment is to address the combined effects of chemicals on aquatic organisms. This work is aimed at investigating the joint toxicity action of binary mixtures of cadmium and arsenate on Gammarus pulex. Individuals were exposed during 240 h to four single arsenate or cadmium concentrations and binary mixtures of these metals according to a complete factorial plane. Observed mortality in binary mixtures was compared to observed mortality in single arsenate or cadmium exposures. In addition, interactive effects (antagonistic, additive or synergistic) were evaluated using a predictive model for the theoretically expected interactive effect of chemicals. For all the tested concentration combinations, we observed an antagonist 'between-metals' interaction on G. pulex mortality. This antagonistic effect was more marked for the lowest than for the highest (i.e. 1502.0 μg(AsV) L(-1) and 28.5 μg(Cd) L(-1)) tested concentrations of individual metals in binary mixtures. Metal concentrations in body tissues were evaluated and were significantly lower in binary mixtures than in single metal exposures at similar concentration, especially for combinations corresponding to the highest concentrations of both metals (1502.0 μg(AsV) L(-1) and 28.5 μg(Cd) L(-1)). Results were discussed in terms of (1) mechanisms of uptake and bioconcentration and (2) relationships between metal concentration in gammarid body and observed toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Vellinger
- Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie Biodiversité Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), Université de Lorraine (UDL), CNRS UMR 7146, Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France.
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48
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Sornom P, Gismondi E, Vellinger C, Devin S, Férard JF, Beisel JN. Effects of sublethal cadmium exposure on antipredator behavioural and antitoxic responses in the invasive amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42435. [PMID: 22879985 PMCID: PMC3411761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphipods are recognised as an important component of freshwater ecosystems and are frequently used as an ecotoxicological test species. Despite this double interest, there is still a lack of information concerning toxic impacts on ecologically relevant behaviours. The present study investigated the influence of cadmium (Cd), a non-essential heavy metal, on both antipredator behaviours and antitoxic responses in the invasive amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus under laboratory conditions. Amphipod behaviour (i.e. refuge use, aggregation with conspecifics, exploration and mobility) was recorded following a 4-min test-exposure to 500 µg Cd/L with or without a 24-h Cd pre-exposure and in the presence or absence of a high perceived risk of predation (i.e. water scented by fish predators and injured conspecifics). Following behavioural tests, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a biomarker for toxic effect, and energy reserves (i.e. lipid and glycogen contents) were assessed. Cd exposures induced (1) cell damage reflected by high MDA levels, (2) erratic behaviour quantified by decreasing refuge use and exploration, and increasing mobility, and (3) a depletion in energy reserves. No significant differences were observed between 4-min test-exposed and 24-h pre-exposed individuals. Gammarids exposed to Cd had a disturbed perception of the alarm stimuli, reflected by increased time spent outside of refuges and higher mobility compared to gammarids exposed to unpolluted water. Our results suggest that Cd exposure rapidly disrupts the normal behavioural responses of gammarids to alarm substances and alters predator-avoidance strategies, which could have potential impacts on aquatic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Sornom
- Laboratoire des Interactions, Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes, CNRS UMR 7146, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France.
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Gismondi E, Cossu-Leguille C, Beisel JN. Acanthocephalan parasites: help or burden in gammarid amphipods exposed to cadmium? ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:1188-1193. [PMID: 22461071 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of the acanthocephalan parasite Polymorphus minutus on the mortality of its intermediate host, Gammarus roeseli, exposed to cadmium, by the measure of LC(50-96h) values as well as the bioaccumulation of cadmium both in the host and in its parasite. LC(50) results revealed that infected G. roeseli males died less under cadmium stress than uninfected ones; while the converse has been observed in females. Cadmium resistance of infected males could be explained by a weaker bioconcentration factor (BCF) than in females. The lower BCF in infected individuals was closely related with an uptake of cadmium by P. minutus in its host. Nevertheless, although infected females had both weaker BCF and cadmium concentration in their body, the presence of P. minutus did not induce lower mortality than uninfected females. On the contrary, their sensitivity to cadmium was increased by the presence of P. minutus. We discuss the hypothesis that differences of mortality between uninfected and infected gammarids could be explained by a difference of cadmium bioconcentration in host, and by the cadmium bioaccumulation in the parasite. Indeed, results suggested that P. minutus could help G. roeseli to face with stress, what contributed to keep the host alive and favour the parasite transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gismondi
- Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie Biodiversité Ecosystèmes (LIEBE) Laboratory, CNRS UMR 7146, Université de Lorraine (UdL), Metz, France.
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Boets P, Lock K, Goethals PLM, Janssen CR, De Schamphelaere KAC. A comparison of the short-term toxicity of cadmium to indigenous and alien gammarid species. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:1135-1144. [PMID: 22354564 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0868-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Amphipods play an important role in many aquatic ecosystems and are commonly used in ecotoxicology and ecosystem health assessment. Several alien gammarids have been introduced in many regions of the world during the last decades. In this study, we investigated if differences in cadmium sensitivity occurred between (1) different species belonging to the family Gammaridae and (2) different populations of the same species originating from a polluted or a non-polluted site. The acute cadmium toxicity to two indigenous (Gammarus pulex and Gammarus fossarum) and four alien (Dikerogammarus villosus, Echinogammarus berilloni, Gammarus roeseli and Gammarus tigrinus) gammarids occurring in Belgium was tested. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in median lethal concentrations (LC(50)) were found between the different species, with 72 h-LC50s ranging from 6.3 to 268 μg/l and 96 h-LC50s from 4.7 to 88.9 μg/l. No clear trend in Cd sensitivity was found when comparing indigenous and alien gammarids. D. villosus, an alien invasive species, was the most sensitive to Cd toxicity and E. berilloni, another alien species, the least sensitive. In addition, larger Gammarid species were more sensitive to Cd toxicity than smaller ones. No significant differences were found between populations of the same species originating from metal polluted sites or non-polluted sites. Overall, our results showed that considerable differences in Cd sensitivity exist between gammarid species, which should be taken into consideration in environmental risk assessment and water quality standard setting. Finally, our data suggest that alien gammarids would not have an advantage over indigenous gammarids in Cd contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Boets
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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