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Tang JH, Huang YJ, Lee PH, Lee YT, Wang YC, Chan TC. Associations between community green view index and fine particulate matter from Airboxes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171213. [PMID: 38401737 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Urban greenery can help to improve air quality, reduce health risks and create healthy livable urban communities. This study aimed to explore the role of urban greenery in reducing air pollution at the community level in Tainan City, Taiwan, using air quality sensors and street-view imagery. We also collected the number of road trees around each air quality sensor site and identified the species that were best at absorbing PM2.5. Three greenness metrics were used to assess community greenery in this study: two Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI) from different satellites and the Green View Index (GVI) from Google Street View (GSV) images. Land-use Regression (LUR) was used for statistical analysis. The results showed that a higher GVI within a 500 m buffer was significantly associated with decreased PM2.5. Neither NDVI metrics within a 500 m circular buffer were significantly associated with decreased PM2.5. Evergreen trees were significantly associated with lower ambient PM2.5, compared with deciduous and semi-deciduous trees. Because localized changes in air quality profoundly affect public health and environmental equity, our findings provide evidence for future urban community greenspace planning and its beneficial impacts on reducing air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Tang
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jhen Huang
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsien Lee
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Lee
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chien Chan
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung campus, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Fossa AJ, D'Souza J, Bergmans R, Zivin K, Adar SD. Residential greenspace and major depression among older adults living in urban and suburban areas with different climates across the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117844. [PMID: 38061587 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Residential greenspace could alleviate depression - a leading cause of disability. Fewer studies of depression and greenspace have considered major depression, and, to our knowledge, none have considered how climate, which determines vegetation abundance and type, may change the impacts of greenspace. Our aim was to investigate whether residential greenspace is associated with major depression among older adults and explore effect modification by climate. METHODS We used biennial interviews between 2008 and 2016 from the Health and Retirement Study. We calculated greenness within walking distance of home addresses as the maximum NDVI for the year of each participant interview averaged within a 1 km buffer. Reflecting clinical criteria, a score of ≥5 on the CIDI-SF indicated major depression in the preceding 12-months. We characterized climate using Köppen-Geiger classifications. To estimate prevalence ratios, we used Poisson regression. Our models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, geography, annual sunshine, and bluespace. RESULTS The 21,611 eligible participants were 65 ± 10 years old on average, 55% female, 81% White, 12% Black, 10% Hispanic/Latino, and 31% had at least a 4-year college degree. The 12-month prevalence of a major depression was 8%. In adjusted models, more residential greenspace was associated with a lower prevalence of major depression (prevalence ratio per IQR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.98). There was evidence of effect modification by climate (P forinteraction, 0.062). We observed stronger associations in tropical (prevalence ratio per IQR 0.69; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.01) and cold (prevalence ratio per IQR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.93) climates compared to arid (prevalence ratio per IQR 0.99; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.09) and temperate (prevalence ratio per IQR 0.98; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.11) climates. CONCLUSIONS Residential greenspace may help reduce major depression. However, climate may influence how people benefit from greenspace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Fossa
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Jennifer D'Souza
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Rachel Bergmans
- University of Michigan, Medical School, Department of Anesthesiology, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kara Zivin
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sara D Adar
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Singkran N. Evaluating urban park ecosystem services and modeling improvement scenarios. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22002. [PMID: 38107285 PMCID: PMC10724533 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Three ecosystem services of the 25 public parks in Bangkok, including carbon sequestration, avoided runoff, four air pollutant removals (CO, NO2, PM10, and PM2.5), and the relevant monetary values, were determined using i-Tree Eco software. Two modeling scenarios (MS) including MS1 (no greening improvement) and MS2 (improvement by increasing either green area or tree planting, or both in the parks) with tree annual mortality rates (AMR) of 1 and 3% were developed to forecast the parks' ecosystem services for 50 years after 2020 (2021-2071). The results revealed the synergistic interactions of the different tree planting specifications (MS1 and MS2) and tree mortality rates on the parks' ecosystem services. For MC2 with the assigned 1% AMR, the parks' optimal ecosystem services were obtained and the average annual monetary value (0.55 million USD) of the total ecosystem services of the 25 parks over the 50-year forecast was 150% higher than that (0.22 million USD) in 2020. Based on MS1 and MS2, tree rotations should be conducted in the parks after 2057 and 2065, respectively, for the low tree AMR (≤1%) but not later than 2041 and 2043, respectively, for the higher tree AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuanchan Singkran
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, 999 Moo 5, Sai 4 Phuttamonthon Rd., Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand
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To see what we need: recognizing ecosystem services in a campus landscape through environmental education. LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11355-022-00536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Wang J, Castro‐Garcia L, Jenerette GD, Chandler M, Ge C, Kucera D, Koutzoukis S, Zeng J. Resolving and Predicting Neighborhood Vulnerability to Urban Heat and Air Pollution: Insights From a Pilot Project of Community Science. GEOHEALTH 2022; 6:e2021GH000575. [PMID: 35509494 PMCID: PMC9055464 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urban heat and air pollution, two environmental threats to urban residents, are studied via a community science project in Los Angeles, CA, USA. The data collected, for the first time, by community members, reveal the significance of both the large spatiotemporal variations of and the covariations between 2 m air temperature (2mT) and ozone (O3) concentration within the (4 km) neighborhood scale. This neighborhood variation was not exhibited in either daily satellite observations or operational model predictions, which makes the assessment of community health risks a challenge. Overall, the 2mT is much better predicted than O3 by the weather and research forecast model with atmospheric chemistry (WRF-Chem). For O3, diurnal variation is better predicted by WRF-Chem than spatial variation (i.e., underestimated by 50%). However, both WRF-chem and the surface observation show the overall consistency in describing statistically significant covariations between O3 and 2mT. In contrast, satellite-based land surface temperature at 1 km resolution is insufficient to capture air temperature variations at the neighborhood scale. Community engagement is augmented with interactive maps and apps that show the predictions in near real time and reveals the potential of green canopy to reduce air temperature and ozone; but different tree types and sizes may lead to different impacts on air temperature, which is not resolved by the WRF-Chem. These findings highlight the need for community science engagement to reveal otherwise impossible insights for models, observations, and real-time dissemination to understand, predict, and ultimately mitigate, urban neighborhood vulnerability to heat and air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Center for Global & Regional Environmental Research and Iowa Technology InstituteThe University of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringDepartment of Physics and AstronomyThe University of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Lorena Castro‐Garcia
- Center for Global & Regional Environmental Research and Iowa Technology InstituteThe University of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - G. Darrel Jenerette
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
| | | | - Cui Ge
- Center for Global & Regional Environmental Research and Iowa Technology InstituteThe University of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Dion Kucera
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
| | - Sofia Koutzoukis
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
| | - Jing Zeng
- Center for Global & Regional Environmental Research and Iowa Technology InstituteThe University of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringDepartment of Physics and AstronomyThe University of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
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Gao Y, Ma M, Yan F, Su H, Wang S, Liao H, Zhao B, Wang X, Sun Y, Hopkins JR, Chen Q, Fu P, Lewis AC, Qiu Q, Yao X, Gao H. Impacts of biogenic emissions from urban landscapes on summer ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation in megacities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152654. [PMID: 34973314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The impact of biogenic emissions on ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) has been widely acknowledged; nevertheless, biogenic emissions emitted from urban landscapes have been largely ignored. We find that including urban isoprene in megacities like Beijing improves not only the modeled isoprene concentrations but also its diurnal cycle. Specifically, the mean bias of the simulated isoprene concentrations is reduced from 87% to 39% by adding urban isoprene emissions while keeping the diurnal cycle the same as that in non-urban or rural areas. Further adjusting the diurnal cycle of isoprene emissions to the urban profile steers the original early morning peak of the isoprene concentration to a double quasi-peak, i.e., bell shape, consistent with observations. The efficiency of ozone generation caused by isoprene emissions in urban Beijing is found to be twice as large as those in rural areas, indicative of vital roles of urban BVOC emissions in modulating the ozone formation. Our study also shows that in the future along with NOx emission reduction, isoprene emissions from urban landscapes will become more important for the formation of ozone in urban area, and their contributions may exceed that of isoprene caused by transport from rural areas. Finally, the impact of biogenic emissions on SOA is examined, revealing that biogenic induced SOA accounts for 16% of the total SOA in urban Beijing. The effect of isoprene on SOA (iSOA) is modulated through two pathways associated with the abundance of NOx emissions, and the effect can be amplified in future when NOx emissions are reduced. The findings of our study are not limited to Beijing but also apply to other megacities or densely populated regions, suggesting an urgent need to construct an accurate emission inventory for urban landscapes and evaluate their impact on ozone and SOA in air quality planning and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Mingchen Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Feifan Yan
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hang Su
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz D-55128, Germany; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Cleaning Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - James R Hopkins
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5NH, UK
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Alastair C Lewis
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5NH, UK
| | - Qionghui Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
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Thom JK, Livesley SJ, Fletcher TD, Farrell C, Arndt SK, Konarska J, Szota C. Selecting tree species with high transpiration and drought avoidance to optimise runoff reduction in passive irrigation systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:151466. [PMID: 34780836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rainfall in cities can generate large volumes of stormwater runoff which degrades receiving waterways. Irrigating trees with runoff (passive irrigation) has the potential to increase transpiration and contribute to stormwater management by reducing runoff received by downstream waterways, but the stochastic nature of rainfall may expose trees with high transpiration to drought stress. We hypothesized that for success in passive irrigation systems, tree species should exhibit i) high maximum transpiration rates under well-watered conditions, ii) drought avoidance between rainfall events, and iii) high recovery of transpiration with rainfall following a drought. We assessed 13 commonly planted urban tree species in Melbourne, Australia against three metrics representing these behaviours (crop factor, hydroscape area, and transpiration recovery, respectively) in a glasshouse experiment. To aid species selection, we also investigated the relationships between these three metrics and commonly measured plant traits, including leaf turgor loss point, wood density, and sapwood to leaf area ratio (Huber value). Only one species (Tristaniopsis laurina) exhibited a combination of high crop factor (>1.1 mm mm-1 d-1) indicating high transpiration, small hydroscape area (<3 MPa2) indicating drought avoidance, and high transpiration recovery (>85%) following water deficit. Hence, of the species measured, it had the greatest potential to reduce runoff from passive irrigation systems while avoiding drought stress. Nevertheless, several other species showed moderate transpiration, hydroscape areas and transpiration recovery, indicating a balanced strategy likely suitable for passive irrigation systems. Huber values were negatively related to crop factor and transpiration recovery and may therefore be a useful tool to aid species selection. We propose that selecting tree species with high transpiration rates that can avoid drought and recover well could greatly reduce stormwater runoff, while supporting broader environmental benefits such as urban cooling in cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine K Thom
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Burnley, Victoria 3121, Australia.
| | - Stephen J Livesley
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Burnley, Victoria 3121, Australia.
| | - Tim D Fletcher
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Burnley, Victoria 3121, Australia.
| | - Claire Farrell
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Burnley, Victoria 3121, Australia.
| | - Stefan K Arndt
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Burnley, Victoria 3121, Australia.
| | - Janina Konarska
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Burnley, Victoria 3121, Australia; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 5a, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christopher Szota
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Burnley, Victoria 3121, Australia.
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Sousa-Silva R, Cameron E, Paquette A. Prioritizing Street Tree Planting Locations to Increase Benefits for All Citizens: Experience From Joliette, Canada. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.716611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the climate continues to warm and the world becomes more urbanized, our reliance on trees and the benefits they provide is rapidly increasing. Many cities worldwide are planting trees to offset rising temperatures, trap pollutants, and enhance environmental and human health and well-being. To maximize the benefits of planting trees and avoid further increasing social inequities, a city needs to prioritize where to establish trees by first identifying those areas of greatest need. This work aims to demonstrate a spatially explicit approach for cities to determine these priority locations to achieve the greatest returns on specific benefits. Criteria for prioritization were developed in tandem with the City of Joliette, Canada, and based on nine indicators: surface temperature, tree density, vegetation cover, resilience, tree size and age, presence of species at risk, land use type, socioeconomic deprivation, and potential for active transportation. The City’s preferences were taken into account when assigning different weights to each indicator. The resulting tree planting priority maps can be used to target street tree plantings to locations where trees are needed most. This approach can be readily applied to other cities as these criteria can be adjusted to accommodate specific tree canopy goals and planning constraints. As cities are looking to expand tree canopy, we hope this work will assist in sustaining and growing their urban forest, enabling it to be more resilient and to keep providing multiple and sustained benefits where they are needed the most.
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Velásquez Ciro D, Cañón Barriga JE, Hoyos Rincón IC. The removal of PM 2.5 by trees in tropical Andean metropolitan areas: an assessment of environmental change scenarios. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:396. [PMID: 34105029 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Metropolitan areas in Andean industrialized valleys with a strong geomorphological structure and a pronounced climate experience an increasing degradation of air quality, which motivates environmental policies that include the expansion of tree coverage in urban areas among the mitigation measures. Using the metropolitan area of the Aburrá Valley, Colombia, as a study case, we evaluate the removal of PM2.5 by urban trees with the Urban Forest Effects (UFORE) methodology, considering the potential effect of changing tree covers in the valley for several projected meteorological conditions under climate change and different urban management practices. The estimated removals are sensitive to the number and distribution of available ground stations, with a tendency to overestimate with fewer stations. We found that the marginal gains in removal by additional tree plantings are low in the urbanized settings. In the environmental scenarios, the main limiting factor in the removal is precipitation, compared to changes in tree cover and levels of pollution. Spatially, the increase in total removal depends on the increase in tree cover, with more benefits obtained when trees are in areas with high concentrations of PM2.5. Trees with low values of leaf area index (LAI) seem to optimize the effectiveness of the removal. Seasonally, the greatest removal occurs in rainy months when pollution levels are the highest. Based on our results, the scenarios that meet the plans and programs aimed at improving air quality would achieve removal effectiveness of around 2.5% of the total emissions of PM2.5 with urban trees. Air quality would achieve removal effectiveness of around 2.5% of the total emissions of PM2.5 with urban trees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabel Cristina Hoyos Rincón
- Grupo de Física Teórica y Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Tecnologías, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
- Grupo de Fundamentos y Enseñanza de la Física y los Sistemas Dinámicos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Sun W, Bao P, Zhao X, Tang J, Wang L. Road Traffic and Urban Form Factors Correlated with the Incidence of Lung Cancer in High-density Areas: An Ecological Study in Downtown Shanghai, China. J Urban Health 2021; 98:328-343. [PMID: 33665783 PMCID: PMC8190205 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-021-00529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of lung cancer is affected by air pollution, especially in high-density urban areas with heavy road traffic and dense urban form. Several studies have examined the direct relationship between lung cancer incidence and road traffic as well as urban form. However, the results are still inconsistent for high-density urban areas. This study focused on urban form and road traffic, aiming at revealing their relationship with lung cancer incidence in high-density urban areas at the neighborhood level. For this, an ecological study was conducted in downtown Shanghai to identify important indicators and explore quantitative associations. Negative binomial regression was fitted with lung cancer incidence as the dependent variable. The independent variables included indicators for road traffic and urban form, greenness, demographic, and socio-economic factors. The results showed that building coverage, averaged block perimeter area ratio, density of metro station without the glass barrier system, and the percentage of low-quality residential land were positively correlated with lung cancer incidence in the neighborhood, while population density was negatively correlated with lung cancer incidence. This study found a strong self-selection effect of socio-economic factors in the relationship between lung cancer incidence and greenness. These results may be useful for conducting health impact assessments and developing spatial planning interventions for respiratory health in high-density urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyao Sun
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Pingping Bao
- Shanghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lan Wang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Donovan GH, Prestemon JP, Butry DT, Kaminski AR, Monleon VJ. The politics of urban trees: Tree planting is associated with gentrification in Portland, Oregon. FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS 2021; 124:10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102387. [PMID: 34483719 PMCID: PMC8408830 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the hypothesis that urban-tree planting increases neighborhood gentrification in Portland, Oregon. We defined gentrification as an increase in the median sales price of single-family homes in a Census tract compared to other tracts in the city after accounting for differences in the housing stock such as house size and number of bathrooms. We used tree-planting data from the non-profit Friends of Trees, who have planted 57,985 yard and street trees in Portland (1990-2019). We estimated a mixed model of gentrification (30 years and 141 tracts) including random intercepts at the tract level and a first-order auto-regressive residual structure. Tract-level house prices and tree planting may be codetermined. Therefore, to address potential endogeneity of tree planting in statistical modeling, we lagged the number of trees planted by at least one year. We found that the number of trees planted in a tract was significantly associated with a higher tract-level median sales price, although it took at least six years for this relationship to emerge. Specifically, each tree was associated with a $131 (95% CI: $53-$210; p-value=0.001) increase in tract-level median sales price six years after planting. The magnitude of the association between the number of trees planted and median sales price generally increased as the time lag lengthened. After twelve years, each tree was associated with a $265 (95% CI: $151-$379; p-value<0.001) increase in tract-level median sales price. Tree planting was not merely a proxy for existing tree cover, as the percent of tract covered in tree canopy was independently associated with an increase in median sales price. Specifically, each 1-percentage point increase in tree-canopy cover was associated with a $882 (95% CI: $226-$1,538; p-value=0.008) increase in median sales price. In conclusion, tree planting is associated with neighborhood-level gentrification, although the magnitude of the association is modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey H. Donovan
- USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 620 SW Main, Suite 502, Portland, OR 97205, USA
| | - Jeffrey P. Prestemon
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, PO Box 12254, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - David T. Butry
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Economics Office, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Abigail R. Kaminski
- USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 620 SW Main, Suite 502, Portland, OR 97205, USA
| | - Vicente J. Monleon
- USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Lin J. Developing a composite indicator to prioritize tree planting and protection locations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:137269. [PMID: 32084694 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Trees provide numerous ecosystem services to benefit human health, and many cities have launched tree planting and management programs to increase tree populations and optimize tree locations through diverse tree priority schemes. Existing tree priority schemes are typically local-specific, expert-driven, and tree-planting-focused. In this study, a framework that captures interactions among the environment, tree and human demographic information is built. This framework provides a composite indicator, namely a tree priority planting or priority protection index (PPI), that can be integrated within a decision support system such as i-Tree Landscape to provide nationally consistent and locally relevant ways to strategically optimize tree planting and management locations across the entire United States. Three scenarios with the human health concerns are tested in a case study of New York City. The analyses are conducted at the census block group scale that is the finest-level scale available at i-Tree Landscape. The resulting PPI maps are analyzed using spatial statistics and compared against each other to investigate the impacts of alternative investments of limited public resources. The results show that: (1) tree priority patterns change greatly with alternative objectives; (2) adding more indicators to build PPIs lead to more diverse tree priority patterns as high (or low) values of different indicators are often not geographically coincident; (3) incorporating more indicators may not necessarily provide more useful information because the influences of individual indicators may be reduced and diluted by a higher level of aggregation; and (4) disaggregating PPIs may reveal corresponding contributions of individual indicators. Applying the proposed framework to build PPIs has important implications for tree priority effort, scientific exploration, education, and public engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lin
- Graduate Program in Environmental Science, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF), 321 Baker, 1 Forestry Dr., Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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13
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Evaluation of the Importance of Some East Asian Tree Species for Refinement of Air Quality by Estimating Air Pollution Tolerance Index, Anticipated Performance Index, and Air Pollutant Uptake. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12073067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Potentials of tree species as biofilters depend on appropriate selection based on their tolerance to air pollution, which is usually evaluated by the air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and anticipated performance index (API). Thus, these index values need as a means of scientific understanding to assess the role of urban trees for better greenspace planning/management to mitigate impacts of gaseous air pollution such as ozone (O3) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). O3 exposure to Chionanthus retusus, Pinus densiflora, and Ginkgo biloba showed higher stomatal O3 flux than the others, finally resulting in both favoring stomatal movement and maintaining carbon fixation. In contrast, despite the whole tree enhanced SO2 uptake under excess SO2 exposure, the carbon assimilation capacity was only found in Taxus cuspidata and Zelkova serrata as a consequence of no stomatal sluggishness. On the basis of API, P. densiflora and Prunus × yedoensis were good performers for developing greenspace, while Z. serrata and G. biloba were moderate performers; however, C. retusus and T. cuspidata were estimated to be poor and very poor performers, respectively, for reducing the air quality injury caused by air pollutants. The present study suggests that an integration of both APTI and API based on stomatal absorption flux is needed for selecting sound tree-species in greenspace planning/construction to control gaseous air pollutions.
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Hewitt CN, Ashworth K, MacKenzie AR. Using green infrastructure to improve urban air quality (GI4AQ). AMBIO 2020; 49:62-73. [PMID: 30879268 PMCID: PMC6889104 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As evidence for the devastating impacts of air pollution on human health continues to increase, improving urban air quality has become one of the most pressing tasks facing policy makers world-wide. Increasingly, and very often on the basis of conflicting and/or weak evidence, the introduction of green infrastructure (GI) is seen as a win-win solution to urban air pollution, reducing ground-level concentrations without imposing restrictions on traffic and other polluting activities. The impact of GI on air quality is highly context dependent, with models suggesting that GI can improve urban air quality in some situations, but be ineffective or even detrimental in others. Here we set out a novel conceptual framework explaining how and where GI can improve air quality, and offer six specific policy interventions, underpinned by research, that will always allow GI to improve air quality. We call GI with unambiguous benefits for air quality GI4AQ. However, GI4AQ will always be a third-order option for mitigating air pollution, after reducing emissions and extending the distance between sources and receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Nick Hewitt
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK
| | - Kirsti Ashworth
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK
| | - A. Rob MacKenzie
- Birmingham Institute for Forest Research and School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
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15
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Papazian S, Blande JD. Dynamics of plant responses to combinations of air pollutants. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22 Suppl 1:68-83. [PMID: 30584692 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The focus of this review is on how plants respond to combinations of multiple air pollutants. Global pollution trends, plant physiological responses and ecological perspectives in natural and agricultural systems are all discussed. In particular, we highlight the importance of studying sequential or simultaneous exposure of plants to pollutants, rather than exposure to individual pollutants in isolation, and explore how these responses may interfere with the way plants interact with their biotic community. Air pollutants can alter the normal physiology and metabolic functioning of plants. Here we describe how the phenotypic and molecular changes in response to multiple pollutants can differ compared to those elicited by single pollutants, and how different responses have been observed between plants in the field and in controlled laboratory conditions and between trees and crop plants. From an ecological perspective, we discuss how air pollution can result in greater susceptibility to biotic stressors and in direct or indirect effects on interactions with organisms that occupy higher trophic levels. Finally, we provide an overview of the potential uses of plants to mitigate air pollution, exploring the feasibility for pollution removal via the processes of bio-accumulation and phytoremediation. We conclude by proposing some new directions for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Papazian
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J D Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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16
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Air Quality Strategies and Technologies: A Rapid Review of the International Evidence. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poor air quality is a pressing policy issue that spans public health and environmental portfolios, and governments worldwide are investing in a wide array of measures to address it. This paper is a rapid review of the evidence behind air quality strategies and technologies. It was conducted according to the principles of a systematic review, and includes both academic and “grey” literature sources. It focuses on road transport in urban areas, because air pollution tends to be worse in cities, and the main source is fossil fuel vehicles. It draws on the environmental science and policy literature to provide interdisciplinary insight into the most effective air quality policy measures. The most promising initiatives include active travel infrastructure, roadside barriers, low emission zones, and low speed limits. Technologies which remove pollution from the air largely remain unproven, especially at the scale needed to make a significant impact. The combinations of policies from three cities which rank highly for air quality are reviewed; one important finding is that policies are most effective when they are a part of a mutually reinforcing suite of measures. Policies consistent across the cities studied are good public transport coverage, a good cycle network, and financial incentives for electric vehicle purchase.
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Spatiotemporal Analysis of Carbon Emissions and Carbon Storage Using National Geography Census Data in Wuhan, China. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi8010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mapping changes in carbon emissions and carbon storage (CECS) with high precision at a small scale (urban street-block level) can improve governmental policy decisions with respect to the construction of low-carbon cities. In this study, a methodological framework for assessing the carbon budget and its spatiotemporal changes from 2015 to 2017 in Wuhan is proposed, which is able to monitor a large area. To estimate the carbon storage, a comprehensive coefficient model was adopted with carbon density factors and corresponding land cover types. Details regarding land cover were extracted from the Geographic National Census Data (GNCD), including forests, grasslands, croplands, and gardens. For the carbon emissions, an emission-factor model was first used and a spatialization operation was subsequently performed using the geographic location that was obtained from the GNCD. The carbon emissions that were identified in the study are from fossil-fuel consumption, industrial production processes, disposal of urban domestic refuse, and transportation. The final dynamic changes in the CECS, in addition to the net carbon emissions, were monitored and analyzed, yielding temporal and spatial maps with a high-precision at a small scale. The results showed that the carbon storage in Wuhan declined by 2.70% over the three years, whereas the carbon emissions initially increased by 0.2%, and subsequently decreased by 3.1% over this period. The trend in the net carbon emission changes was similar to that of the carbon emissions, demonstrating that the efficiency of carbon reduction was improved during this period. Precise spatiotemporal results at the street-block level can offer insights to governments that are engaged in urban carbon cycle decision making processes, improving their capacities to more effectively manage the spatial distribution of CECS.
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Kabisch N, van den Bosch M, Lafortezza R. The health benefits of nature-based solutions to urbanization challenges for children and the elderly - A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:362-373. [PMID: 28843167 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Urban green and blue spaces promote health by offering areas for physical activity, stress relief, and social interaction, which may be considered as cultural ecosystem services. They also provide a number of regulating ecosystem services that can be regarded as nature-based solutions to mitigate impacts from urbanization-induced challenges. Urban trees and other vegetation provide cooling through shade and evapotranspiration, which reduce the impact of the urban heat island on hot summer days. Urban vegetation may improve air quality by removing air pollutants. Open areas in cities, such as parks, gardens, playgrounds and cemeteries, are unsealed spaces that also improve infiltration during extreme precipitation events providing water regulating functions. All these services have the potential to improve the health of urban residents, particularly of specific vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of evidence on the relationship between the health of children and the elderly and urban green and blue spaces that can account as nature-based solutions to urbanization-induced challenges. We discuss potential confounding factors and refer to the different green space metrics used to identify associations to health. From the results, we cannot conclude on a universal protective health effect of urban green and blue spaces for children and the elderly. While the association trend is positive, the results remain inconclusive, context dependent and are partly overridden by socioeconomic confounders. However, the research area is consistently increasing, and we advance important prospects for future research on urban green and blue spaces in the face of global challenges such as urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Kabisch
- Department of Geography, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany; Department of Urban and Environmental Sociology, Helmholtz Centre of Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Matilda van den Bosch
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada; Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Raffaele Lafortezza
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari A. Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy; Center for Global Change and Earth Observations (CGCEO), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
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19
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Markevych I, Schoierer J, Hartig T, Chudnovsky A, Hystad P, Dzhambov AM, de Vries S, Triguero-Mas M, Brauer M, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Lupp G, Richardson EA, Astell-Burt T, Dimitrova D, Feng X, Sadeh M, Standl M, Heinrich J, Fuertes E. Exploring pathways linking greenspace to health: Theoretical and methodological guidance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 158:301-317. [PMID: 28672128 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 947] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a rapidly urbanizing world, many people have little contact with natural environments, which may affect health and well-being. Existing reviews generally conclude that residential greenspace is beneficial to health. However, the processes generating these benefits and how they can be best promoted remain unclear. OBJECTIVES During an Expert Workshop held in September 2016, the evidence linking greenspace and health was reviewed from a transdisciplinary standpoint, with a particular focus on potential underlying biopsychosocial pathways and how these can be explored and organized to support policy-relevant population health research. DISCUSSIONS Potential pathways linking greenspace to health are here presented in three domains, which emphasize three general functions of greenspace: reducing harm (e.g. reducing exposure to air pollution, noise and heat), restoring capacities (e.g. attention restoration and physiological stress recovery) and building capacities (e.g. encouraging physical activity and facilitating social cohesion). Interrelations between among the three domains are also noted. Among several recommendations, future studies should: use greenspace and behavioural measures that are relevant to hypothesized pathways; include assessment of presence, access and use of greenspace; use longitudinal, interventional and (quasi)experimental study designs to assess causation; and include low and middle income countries given their absence in the existing literature. Cultural, climatic, geographic and other contextual factors also need further consideration. CONCLUSIONS While the existing evidence affirms beneficial impacts of greenspace on health, much remains to be learned about the specific pathways and functional form of such relationships, and how these may vary by context, population groups and health outcomes. This Report provides guidance for further epidemiological research with the goal of creating new evidence upon which to develop policy recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iana Markevych
- Institute for Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Julia Schoierer
- Institute for Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Terry Hartig
- Institute for Housing and Urban Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Chudnovsky
- AIRO Lab, Department of Geography and Human Environment, School of Geosciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Perry Hystad
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Angel M Dzhambov
- Department of Hygiene and Ecomedicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Sjerp de Vries
- Wageningen University & Research, Environmental Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Margarita Triguero-Mas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerd Lupp
- Strategic Landscape Planning and Management, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Richardson
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health (CRESH), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Thomas Astell-Burt
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Early Start, University of Wollongong, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Donka Dimitrova
- Department of Health Management and Healthcare Economics, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Xiaoqi Feng
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Early Start, University of Wollongong, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Maya Sadeh
- School of Public Health, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute for Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elaine Fuertes
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Rao M, George LA, Shandas V, Rosenstiel TN. Assessing the Potential of Land Use Modification to Mitigate Ambient NO₂ and Its Consequences for Respiratory Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E750. [PMID: 28698523 PMCID: PMC5551188 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how local land use and land cover (LULC) shapes intra-urban concentrations of atmospheric pollutants-and thus human health-is a key component in designing healthier cities. Here, NO₂ is modeled based on spatially dense summer and winter NO₂ observations in Portland-Hillsboro-Vancouver (USA), and the spatial variation of NO₂ with LULC investigated using random forest, an ensemble data learning technique. The NO2 random forest model, together with BenMAP, is further used to develop a better understanding of the relationship among LULC, ambient NO₂ and respiratory health. The impact of land use modifications on ambient NO₂, and consequently on respiratory health, is also investigated using a sensitivity analysis. We find that NO₂ associated with roadways and tree-canopied areas may be affecting annual incidence rates of asthma exacerbation in 4-12 year olds by +3000 per 100,000 and -1400 per 100,000, respectively. Our model shows that increasing local tree canopy by 5% may reduce local incidences rates of asthma exacerbation by 6%, indicating that targeted local tree-planting efforts may have a substantial impact on reducing city-wide incidence of respiratory distress. Our findings demonstrate the utility of random forest modeling in evaluating LULC modifications for enhanced respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Rao
- School of the Environment, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA.
| | - Linda A George
- School of the Environment, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA.
| | - Vivek Shandas
- Nohad A. Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA.
| | - Todd N Rosenstiel
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA.
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21
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Baldacchini C, Castanheiro A, Maghakyan N, Sgrigna G, Verhelst J, Alonso R, Amorim JH, Bellan P, Bojović DĐ, Breuste J, Bühler O, Cântar IC, Cariñanos P, Carriero G, Churkina G, Dinca L, Esposito R, Gawroński SW, Kern M, Le Thiec D, Moretti M, Ningal T, Rantzoudi EC, Sinjur I, Stojanova B, Aničić Urošević M, Velikova V, Živojinović I, Sahakyan L, Calfapietra C, Samson R. How Does the Amount and Composition of PM Deposited on Platanus acerifolia Leaves Change Across Different Cities in Europe? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:1147-1156. [PMID: 28060487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) deposited on Platanus acerifolia tree leaves has been sampled in the urban areas of 28 European cities, over 20 countries, with the aim of testing leaf deposited particles as indicator of atmospheric PM concentration and composition. Leaves have been collected close to streets characterized by heavy traffic and within urban parks. Leaf surface density, dimensions, and elemental composition of leaf deposited particles have been compared with leaf magnetic content, and discussed in connection with air quality data. The PM quantity and size were mainly dependent on the regional background concentration of particles, while the percentage of iron-based particles emerged as a clear marker of traffic-related pollution in most of the sites. This indicates that Platanus acerifolia is highly suitable to be used in atmospheric PM monitoring studies and that morphological and elemental characteristics of leaf deposited particles, joined with the leaf magnetic content, may successfully allow urban PM source apportionment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Baldacchini
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council (IBAF-CNR), Via Marconi 2, Porano 05010, & Via Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Ana Castanheiro
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Nairuhi Maghakyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia , Abovyan 68, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Gregorio Sgrigna
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council (IBAF-CNR), Via Marconi 2, Porano 05010, & Via Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Jolien Verhelst
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Rocío Alonso
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT , Avda. Complutense 22, edif. 70, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Jorge H Amorim
- CESAM and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro , Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Patrick Bellan
- Vegetation Consultant/Landscape Engineer, Båstadsgatan 6a, Malmö 21439, Sweden
| | - Danijela Đunisijević Bojović
- Department for Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade , Kneza Višeslava 1, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jürgen Breuste
- Department of Geography and Geology, University of Salzburg , Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Oliver Bühler
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 23, Frederiksberg 1958, Denmark
| | - Ilie C Cântar
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Dracea″, Padurea Verde Alley 8, Timisoara 300310, & B-dul Eroilor 128, Bucharest 077190, Romania
| | - Paloma Cariñanos
- Department of Botany, University of Granada & IISTA-CEAMA, Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research , Av. Mediterraneo, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Giulia Carriero
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Galina Churkina
- Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) , Berlinerstr 130, Potsdam 14467, Germany
| | - Lucian Dinca
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Dracea″, Padurea Verde Alley 8, Timisoara 300310, & B-dul Eroilor 128, Bucharest 077190, Romania
| | - Raffaela Esposito
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council (IBAF-CNR), Via Marconi 2, Porano 05010, & Via Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Stanisław W Gawroński
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences , Ul. Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Maren Kern
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences HAFL, Bern University of Applied Sciences , Länggasse 85, Zollikofen 3052, Switzerland
| | - Didier Le Thiec
- UMR EEF, INRA, Université de Lorraine , Champenoux 54280, France
| | - Marco Moretti
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Tine Ningal
- School of Geography, University College of Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eleni C Rantzoudi
- Department of Forestry and Management of Environment and Natural Resources, Dimocritus University of Thrace , Pantazidou 193, Orestiada 68200, Greece
| | - Iztok Sinjur
- Slovenian Forestry Institute , Večna pot 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Biljana Stojanova
- Department of Urban Greenery, Public Enterprise "Parks and Greenery", Bul. Ilindenska 104, Skopje 1000, Macedonia
| | - Mira Aničić Urošević
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade , Pregrevica 118, Belgrade 11080, Serbia
| | - Violeta Velikova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Ivana Živojinović
- European Forest Institute Central-East and South-East European Regional Office (EFICEEC-EFISEE), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna, Feistmantelstrasse 4, Vienna 1180, Austria
| | - Lilit Sahakyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia , Abovyan 68, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council (IBAF-CNR), Via Marconi 2, Porano 05010, & Via Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Roeland Samson
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
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22
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Sprondel N, Donner J, Mahlkow N, Köppel J. Urban climate and heat stress: how likely is the implementation of adaptation measures in mid-latitude cities? The case of façade greening analyzed with Bayesian networks. ONE ECOSYSTEM 2016. [DOI: 10.3897/oneeco.1.e9280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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23
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Sgrigna G, Baldacchini C, Esposito R, Calandrelli R, Tiwary A, Calfapietra C. Characterization of leaf-level particulate matter for an industrial city using electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 548-549:91-99. [PMID: 26802337 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study reports application of monitoring and characterization protocol for particulate matter (PM) deposited on tree leaves, using Quercus ilex as a case study species. The study area is located in the industrial city of Terni in central Italy, with high PM concentrations. Four trees were selected as representative of distinct pollution environments based on their proximity to a steel factory and a street. Wash off from leaves onto cellulose filters were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, inferring the associations between particle sizes, chemical composition, and sampling location. Modeling of particle size distributions showed a tri-modal fingerprint, with the three modes centered at 0.6 (factory related), 1.2 (urban background), and 2.6μm (traffic related). Chemical detection identified 23 elements abundant in the PM samples. Principal component analysis recognized iron and copper as source-specific PM markers, attributed mainly to industrial and heavy traffic pollution respectively. Upscaling these results on leaf area basis provided a useful indicator for strategic evaluation of harmful PM pollutants using tree leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sgrigna
- University of Molise (UniMol), Department of Biosciences and Territory, Contrada Fonte Lappone Pesche (IS), Italy; Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council (IBAF-CNR), Via Marconi, 2 Porano (TR) & Via Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy.
| | - C Baldacchini
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council (IBAF-CNR), Via Marconi, 2 Porano (TR) & Via Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy.
| | - R Esposito
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council (IBAF-CNR), Via Marconi, 2 Porano (TR) & Via Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy.
| | - R Calandrelli
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council (IBAF-CNR), Via Marconi, 2 Porano (TR) & Via Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy.
| | - A Tiwary
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - C Calfapietra
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council (IBAF-CNR), Via Marconi, 2 Porano (TR) & Via Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy; Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Tree Mortality Undercuts Ability of Tree-Planting Programs to Provide Benefits: Results of a Three-City Study. FORESTS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/f7030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Dunn-Johnston KA, Kreuzwieser J, Hirabayashi S, Plant L, Rennenberg H, Schmidt S. Isoprene Emission Factors for Subtropical Street Trees for Regional Air Quality Modeling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2016; 45:234-243. [PMID: 26828179 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.01.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the environmental benefits and consequences of urban trees supports their sustainable management in cities. Models such as i-Tree Eco enable decision-making by quantifying effects associated with particular tree species. Of specific concern are emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds, particularly isoprene, that contribute to the formation of photochemical smog and ground level ozone. Few studies have quantified these potential disservices of urban trees, and current models predominantly use emissions data from trees that differ from those in our target region of subtropical Australia. The present study aimed (i) to quantify isoprene emission rates of three tree species that together represent 16% of the inventoried street trees in the target region; (ii) to evaluate outputs of the i-Tree Eco model using species-specific versus currently used, generic isoprene emission rates; and (iii) to evaluate the findings in the context of regional air quality. Isoprene emission rates of (Myrtaceae) and (Proteaceae) were 2.61 and 2.06 µg g dry leaf weight h, respectively, whereas (Sapindaceae) was a nonisoprene emitter. We substituted the generic isoprene emission rates with these three empirical values in i-Tree Eco, resulting in a 182 kg yr (97%) reduction in isoprene emissions, totaling 6284 kg yr when extrapolated to the target region. From these results we conclude that care has to be taken when using generic isoprene emission factors for urban tree models. We recommend that emissions be quantified for commonly planted trees, allowing decision-makers to select tree species with the greatest overall benefit for the urban environment.
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Wu J, Xie W, Li W, Li J. Effects of Urban Landscape Pattern on PM2.5 Pollution--A Beijing Case Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142449. [PMID: 26565799 PMCID: PMC4643981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PM2.5 refers to particulate matter (PM) in air that is less than 2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter, which has negative effects on air quality and human health. PM2.5 is the main pollutant source in haze occurring in Beijing, and it also has caused many problems in other cities. Previous studies have focused mostly on the relationship between land use and air quality, but less research has specifically explored the effects of urban landscape patterns on PM2.5. This study considered the rapidly growing and heavily polluted Beijing, China. To better understand the impact of urban landscape pattern on PM2.5 pollution, five landscape metrics including PLAND, PD, ED, SHEI, and CONTAG were applied in the study. Further, other data, such as street networks, population density, and elevation considered as factors influencing PM2.5, were obtained through RS and GIS. By means of correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression, the effects of landscape pattern on PM2.5 concentration was explored. The results showed that (1) at class-level, vegetation and water were significant landscape components in reducing PM2.5 concentration, while cropland played a special role in PM2.5 concentration; (2) landscape configuration (ED and PD) features at class-level had obvious effects on particulate matter; and (3) at the landscape-level, the evenness (SHEI) and fragmentation (CONTAG) of the whole landscape related closely with PM2.5 concentration. Results of this study could expand our understanding of the role of urban landscape pattern on PM2.5 and provide useful information for urban planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Wu
- The Key Laboratory for Environmental and Urban Sciences, School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wudan Xie
- The Key Laboratory for Environmental and Urban Sciences, School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (WX); (WL)
| | - Weifeng Li
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail: (WX); (WL)
| | - Jiacheng Li
- The Key Laboratory for Environmental and Urban Sciences, School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Urban Development and Land Policy, Urban Planning & Design Institute of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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El Hayek E, El Samrani A, Lartiges B, Kazpard V, Benoit M, Munoz M. Potential of Opuntia ficus-indica for air pollution biomonitoring: a lead isotopic study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17799-17809. [PMID: 26160126 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Opuntia ficus-indica (Ofi) is a long-domesticated cactus that is widespread throughout arid and semiarid regions. Ofi is grown for both its fruits and edible cladodes, which are flattened photosynthetic stems. Young cladodes develop from mother cladodes, thus forming series of cladodes of different ages. Therefore, successive cladodes may hold some potential for biomonitoring over several years the local atmospheric pollution. In this study, cladodes, roots, dust deposited onto the cladodes, and soil samples were collected in the vicinity of three heavily polluted sites, i.e., a fertilizer industry, the road side of a highway, and mine tailings. The lead content was analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was used to characterize the cladode surfaces and the nature of dust deposit, and the lead isotopes were analyzed to identify the origin of Pb. The results show that (i) Ofi readily bioaccumulates Pb, (ii) the lead isotopic composition of cladodes evidences a foliar pathway of lead into Ofi and identifies the relative contributions of local Pb sources, and (iii) an evolution of air quality is recorded with successive cladodes, which makes Ofi a potential biomonitor to be used in environmental and health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane El Hayek
- Laboratoire Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (UMR CNRS-UPS 5563 IRD 234), University of Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France.
- Plateforme de Recherche et d'Analyses en Sciences de l'Environnement, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et Technologies, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.
| | - Antoine El Samrani
- Plateforme de Recherche et d'Analyses en Sciences de l'Environnement, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et Technologies, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Bruno Lartiges
- Laboratoire Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (UMR CNRS-UPS 5563 IRD 234), University of Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Veronique Kazpard
- Plateforme de Recherche et d'Analyses en Sciences de l'Environnement, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et Technologies, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Mathieu Benoit
- Laboratoire Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (UMR CNRS-UPS 5563 IRD 234), University of Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Marguerite Munoz
- Laboratoire Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (UMR CNRS-UPS 5563 IRD 234), University of Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France
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Volodarez SO. Вплив аерогенного забруднення на фітонцидну активність деревних рослин. BIOSYSTEMS DIVERSITY 2015. [DOI: 10.15421/011518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Виявлено вплив забруднення повітря діоксидом вуглецю, сірчистим ангідридом і діоксидом азоту на антимікробну дію деревних рослин 8 видів листяних і одного хвойного виду в умовах Південного Сходу України. Газостійкі види Betula pendula Roth та Salix alba L. за умов дії забруднювачів збільшували фітонцидну активність. У чутливих до дії полютантів видів Aesculus hippocastanum L. та Picea pungens Engelm. антимікробна дія зменшувалась зі зростанням загазованості повітря. Встановлено сезонну динаміку фітонцидної активності A. hippocastanum, B. pendula, S. alba та P. pungens в умовах м. Донецьк, на ділянках із різним ступенем забруднення. Максимальну фітонцидну дію листків досліджених видів відмічено влітку. Для P. pungens виявлено два піки фітонцидності: у серпні та грудні. Встановлено вплив джерела забруднення на антимікробну активність листків B. pendula, Fraxinus excelsior L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Populus nigra L., Tilia cordata Mill. та P. pungens, що зростають у насадженнях м. Краматорськ. З’ясовано посилення антимікробної дії листків більшості досліджених видів, окрім A. hippocastanum та P. pungens, в умовах урбанізованого середовища.
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Fusaro L, Salvatori E, Mereu S, Silli V, Bernardini A, Tinelli A, Manes F. Researches in Castelporziano test site: ecophysiological studies on Mediterranean vegetation in a changing environment. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-014-0374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Simon E, Baranyai E, Braun M, Cserháti C, Fábián I, Tóthmérész B. Elemental concentrations in deposited dust on leaves along an urbanization gradient. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 490:514-20. [PMID: 24875264 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Environmental health is an essential component of the quality of life in modern societies. Monitoring of environmental quality and the assessment of environmental risks are often species based on the elemental concentration of deposited dust. Our result suggested that stomata size and distribution were the most important factors influencing the accumulation of air contaminants in leaves. We found that the leaves' surfaces of Acer negundo and Celtis occidentalis were covered by a large number of trichomes, and these species have proven to be suitable biomonitors for atmospheric pollution difficult; these can be overcome using bioindicator species. Leaves of Padus serotina, Acer campestre, A. negundo, Quercus robur and C. occidentalis were used to assess the amount of deposited dust and the concentration of contaminants in deposited dust in and around the city of Debrecen, Hungary. Samples were collected from an urban, suburban and rural area along an urbanization gradient. The concentrations of Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, S, Sr and Zn were determined in deposited dust using ICP-OES. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to explore the morphological structure and dust absorbing capacity of leaves. We found significant differences in dust deposition among species, and dust deposition correlated with trichomes' density. Principal component analysis (PCA) also showed a total separation of tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Simon
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, P.O. Box 71, Hungary.
| | - Edina Baranyai
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, Hungary; Agilent Atomic Spectroscopy Partner Laboratory, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mihály Braun
- Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herteleni Laboratory of Environmental Studies, 4026 Debrecen, Bem tér 18/C, Hungary
| | - Csaba Cserháti
- Department of Solid State Physics, University of Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, P.O. Box 2, Hungary
| | - István Fábián
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, Hungary
| | - Béla Tóthmérész
- HAS-UD Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, H-4010 Debrecen, P.O. Box 71, Hungary
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Ren Y, Ge Y, Gu B, Min Y, Tani A, Chang J. Role of management strategies and environmental factors in determining the emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds from urban greenspaces. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:6237-6246. [PMID: 24811523 DOI: 10.1021/es4054434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from urban greenspace have recently become a global concern. To identify key factors affecting the dynamics of urban BVOC emissions, we built an estimation model and utilized the city of Hangzhou in southeastern China as an example. A series of single-factor scenarios were first developed, and then nine multifactor scenarios using a combination of different single-factor scenarios were built to quantify the effects of environmental changes and urban management strategies on urban BVOC emissions. Results of our model simulations showed that (1) annual total BVOC emissions from the metropolitan area of Hangzhou were 4.7×10(8) g of C in 2010 and were predicted to be 1.2-3.2 Gg of C (1 Gg=10(9) g) in our various scenarios in 2050, (2) urban management played a more important role in determining future urban BVOC emissions than environmental changes, and (3) a high ecosystem service value (e.g., lowest BVOC/leaf mass ratio) could be achieved through positive coping in confronting environmental changes and adopting proactive urban management strategies on a local scale, that is, to moderately increase tree density while restricting excessive greenspace expansion and optimizing the species composition of existing and newly planted trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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32
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Haase D, Larondelle N, Andersson E, Artmann M, Borgström S, Breuste J, Gomez-Baggethun E, Gren Å, Hamstead Z, Hansen R, Kabisch N, Kremer P, Langemeyer J, Rall EL, McPhearson T, Pauleit S, Qureshi S, Schwarz N, Voigt A, Wurster D, Elmqvist T. A quantitative review of urban ecosystem service assessments: concepts, models, and implementation. AMBIO 2014; 43:413-33. [PMID: 24740614 PMCID: PMC3989520 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-014-0504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although a number of comprehensive reviews have examined global ecosystem services (ES), few have focused on studies that assess urban ecosystem services (UES). Given that more than half of the world's population lives in cities, understanding the dualism of the provision of and need for UES is of critical importance. Which UES are the focus of research, and what types of urban land use are examined? Are models or decision support systems used to assess the provision of UES? Are trade-offs considered? Do studies of UES engage stakeholders? To address these questions, we analyzed 217 papers derived from an ISI Web of Knowledge search using a set of standardized criteria. The results indicate that most UES studies have been undertaken in Europe, North America, and China, at city scale. Assessment methods involve bio-physical models, Geographical Information Systems, and valuation, but few study findings have been implemented as land use policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Haase
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Åsa Gren
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics in Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zoé Hamstead
- Milano School of International Affairs, Management and Urban Policy, The New School, New York, NY USA
| | | | - Nadja Kabisch
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peleg Kremer
- Tishman Environment and Design Center, The New School, New York, NY USA
| | | | | | - Timon McPhearson
- Tishman Environment and Design Center, The New School, New York, NY USA
| | | | | | - Nina Schwarz
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette Voigt
- Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Tiwary A, Namdeo A, Fuentes J, Dore A, Hu XM, Bell M. Systems scale assessment of the sustainability implications of emerging green initiatives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 183:213-223. [PMID: 23631938 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates a systems framework for assessment of environmental impacts from 'green initiatives', through a case study of meso-scale, anthropogenic-biogenic interactions. The following cross-sectoral green initiatives, combining the emerging trends in the North East region of the United Kingdom, have been considered - increasing the vegetation cover; decarbonising road transport; decentralising energy production through biomass plants. Two future scenarios are assessed - Baseline_2020 (projected emissions from realisation of policy instruments); Aggressive_2020 (additional emissions from realisation of green initiatives). Resulting trends from the Aggressive_2020 scenario suggest an increase in emissions of pollutant precursors, including biogenic volatile organic compounds and nitrogen dioxide over the base case by up to 20% and 5% respectively. This has implications for enhanced daytime ozone and secondary aerosols formation by up to 15% and over 5% respectively. Associated land cover changes show marginal decrease of ambient temperature but modest reductions in ammonia and ambient particulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Tiwary
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Cassie Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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Hirabayashi S, Kroll CN, Nowak DJ. Development of a distributed air pollutant dry deposition modeling framework. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 171:9-17. [PMID: 22858662 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A distributed air pollutant dry deposition modeling system was developed with a geographic information system (GIS) to enhance the functionality of i-Tree Eco (i-Tree, 2011). With the developed system, temperature, leaf area index (LAI) and air pollutant concentration in a spatially distributed form can be estimated, and based on these and other input variables, dry deposition of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), and particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10) to trees can be spatially quantified. Employing nationally available road network, traffic volume, air pollutant emission/measurement and meteorological data, the developed system provides a framework for the U.S. city managers to identify spatial patterns of urban forest and locate potential areas for future urban forest planting and protection to improve air quality. To exhibit the usability of the framework, a case study was performed for July and August of 2005 in Baltimore, MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hirabayashi
- The Davey Institute, The Davey Tree Expert Company, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States.
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Sæbø A, Popek R, Nawrot B, Hanslin HM, Gawronska H, Gawronski SW. Plant species differences in particulate matter accumulation on leaf surfaces. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 427-428:347-54. [PMID: 22554531 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) accumulation on leaves of 22 trees and 25 shrubs was examined in test fields in Norway and Poland. Leaf PM in different particle size fractions (PM(10), PM(2.5), PM(0.2)) differed among the species, by 10- to 15-folds at both test sites. Pinus mugo and Pinus sylvestris, Taxus media and Taxus baccata, Stephanandra incisa and Betula pendula were efficient species in capturing PM. Less efficient species were Acer platanoides, Prunus avium and Tilia cordata. Differences among species within the same genus were also observed. Important traits for PM accumulation were leaf properties such as hair and wax cover. The ranking presented in terms of capturing PM can be used to select species for air pollution removal in urban areas. Efficient plant species and planting designs that can shield vulnerable areas in urban settings from polluting traffic etc. can be used to decrease human exposure to anthropogenic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sæbø
- Bioforsk, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Postvegen 213, 4353 Klepp, Norway.
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Manes F, Incerti G, Salvatori E, Vitale M, Ricotta C, Costanza R. Urban ecosystem services: tree diversity and stability of tropospheric ozone removal. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012; 22:349-360. [PMID: 22471095 DOI: 10.1890/11-0561.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Urban forests provide important ecosystem services, such as urban air quality improvement by removing pollutants. While robust evidence exists that plant physiology, abundance, and distribution within cities are basic parameters affecting the magnitude and efficiency of air pollution removal, little is known about effects of plant diversity on the stability of this ecosystem service. Here, by means of a spatial analysis integrating system dynamic modeling and geostatistics, we assessed the effects of tree diversity on the removal of tropospheric ozone (O3) in Rome, Italy, in two years (2003 and 2004) that were very different for climatic conditions and ozone levels. Different tree functional groups showed complementary uptake patterns, related to tree physiology and phenology, maintaining a stable community function across different climatic conditions. Our results, although depending on the city-specific conditions of the studied area, suggest a higher function stability at increasing diversity levels in urban ecosystems. In Rome, such ecosystem services, based on published unitary costs of externalities and of mortality associated with O3, can be prudently valued to roughly US$2 and $3 million/year, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Manes
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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