1
|
Rasmussen SB, Bosker T, Ramanand GG, Vijver MG. Participatory hackathon to determine ecological relevant endpoints for a neurotoxin to aquatic and benthic invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:22885-22899. [PMID: 38418784 PMCID: PMC10997722 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32566-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is twofold: i) to determine innovative yet sensitive endpoints for sulfoxaflor and ii) to develop best practices for innovative teaching in ecotoxicology. To this end, a group of 52 MSc students participated in an environmental hackathon, during which they did creative toxicity testing on 5 freshwater invertebrate species: Daphnia magna, Chironomus riparius, Asellus aquaticus, Lymnaea stagnalis, and Anisus vortex. Involving the students in an active learning environment stimulated increased creativity and productivity. In total, 28 endpoints were investigated, including standard endpoints (e.g., mortality) as well as biomechanistic and energy-related endpoints. Despite high variances in the results, likely linked to the limited lab experience of the students and interpersonal differences, a promising set of endpoints was selected for further investigation. A more targeted follow-up experiment focused on the most promising organism and set of endpoints: biomechanistic endpoints of C. riparius larvae. Larvae were exposed to a range of sulfoxaflor concentrations (0.90-67.2 μg/L) for 21 days. Video tracking showed that undulation and swimming were significantly reduced at 11.1 μg sulfoxaflor/L after 9 days of exposure, and an EC50 = 10.6 μg/L for mean velocities of the larvae in the water phase was found. Biomechanistic endpoints proved much more sensitive than mortality, for which an LC50 value of 116 μg/L was found on Day 9. Our results show that performing a hackathon with students has excellent potential to find sensitive endpoints that can subsequently be verified using more targeted and professional follow-up experiments. Furthermore, utilising hackathon events in teaching can increase students' enthusiasm about ecotoxicology, driving better learning experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie B Rasmussen
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Thijs Bosker
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University College, Leiden University, P.O. Box 13228, 2501, EE, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Giovani G Ramanand
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cao M, Sy ND, Yu CP, Gan J. Removal of neonicotinoid insecticides in a large-scale constructed wetland system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123303. [PMID: 38199486 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are among the most used insecticides and their residues are frequently found in surface water due to their persistence and mobility. Neonicotinoid insecticides exhibit toxicity to a wide range of aquatic invertebrates at environmentally relevant levels, and therefore their contamination in surface water is of significant concern. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of six neonicotinoids in a large wetland system, the Prado Wetlands, in Southern California, and further evaluated the wetlands' efficiency at removing these insecticides. Total neonicotinoid concentrations in water ranged from 3.17 to 46.9 ng L-1 at different locations within the wetlands, with imidacloprid and dinotefuran among the most detected. Removal was calculated based on concentrations as well as mass flux. The concentration-based removal values for a shallow pond (vegetation-free), moderately vegetated cells, densely vegetated cells, and the entire wetland train were 16.9%, 34.2%, 90.2%, and 61.3%, respectively. Principal component analysis revealed that pH and temperature were the primary factors affecting neonicotinoids removal. Results from this study demonstrated the ubiquitous presence of neonicotinoids in surface water impacted by urban runoff and wastewater effluent and highlighted the efficiency of wetlands in removing these trace contaminants due to concerted effects of uptake by wetland plants, photolysis, and microbial degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meixian Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Nathan D Sy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ijzerman MM, Raby M, Izma GB, Kudla YM, Letwin NV, Gallant MJ, Schiffer SR, Atkinson BJ, Rooney RC, Sibley PK, Prosser RS. An Assessment of the Toxicity of Pesticide Mixtures in Periphyton from Agricultural Streams to the Mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2143-2157. [PMID: 37341551 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Residual concentrations of pesticides are commonly found outside the intended area of application in Ontario's surface waters. Periphyton are a vital dietary component for grazing organisms in aquatic ecosystems but can also accumulate substantial levels of pesticides from the surrounding water. Consequently, grazing aquatic organisms are likely subjected to pesticide exposure through the consumption of pesticide-contaminated periphyton. The objectives of the present study were to determine if pesticides partition into periphyton in riverine environments across southern Ontario and, if so, to determine the toxicity of pesticides in periphyton when fed to the grazing mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer. Sites with low, medium, and high pesticide exposure based on historic water quality monitoring data were selected to incorporate a pesticide exposure gradient into the study design. Artificial substrate samplers were utilized to colonize periphyton in situ, which were then analyzed for the presence of approximately 500 pesticides. The results demonstrate that periphyton are capable of accumulating pesticides in agricultural streams. A novel 7-day toxicity test method was created to investigate the effects of pesticides partitioned into periphyton when fed to N. triangulifer. Periphyton collected from the field sites were fed to N. triangulifer and survival and biomass production recorded. Survival and biomass production significantly decreased when fed periphyton colonized in streams with catchments dominated by agricultural land use (p < 0.05). However, the relationship between pesticide concentration and survival or biomass production was not consistent. Using field-colonized periphyton allowed us to assess the dietary toxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of pesticide mixtures; however, nutrition and taxonomic composition of the periphyton may vary between sites. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2143-2157. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moira M Ijzerman
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Raby
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gab B Izma
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yaryna M Kudla
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas V Letwin
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Brian J Atkinson
- Agriculture and Food Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca C Rooney
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul K Sibley
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Osborne RK, Ijzerman MM, Venier C, Prosser RS. Development of an Embryo Toxicity Test to Assess the Comparative Toxicity of Metal Exposure on Different Life Stages of Freshwater Gastropods. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1791-1805. [PMID: 37283216 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Early life stages are commonly thought to be highly sensitive to environmental contaminants and may offer insight into the future health of a population. Despite the importance of studying early life stages, very few standard protocols for benthic invertebrates commonly used in ecotoxicological assessments measure developmental endpoints. The goal of the present study was to develop and optimize a robust standard protocol for studying embryonic endpoints in freshwater gastropods. The developed method was then used to characterize the sensitivity of four embryonic endpoints (viability, hatching, deformities, and biomass production), in conjunction with juvenile and adult mortality, for the snail Planorbella pilsbryi exposed to three metals (copper [Cu], cadmium [Cd], and nickel [Ni]). Biomass production was typically the most sensitive endpoint but was relatively variable, while embryo hatching was slightly less sensitive but highly consistent for all three metals. However, no single embryonic endpoint was consistently the most sensitive, which demonstrates the importance of assessing a broad range of endpoints and life stages in ecotoxicological risk assessment. Interestingly, the embryonic life stage of P. pilsbryi was considerably less sensitive to Cu exposure compared with juvenile and adult mortality. However, for Cd exposure, embryonic endpoints were the most sensitive, and for Ni exposure, embryonic endpoints were similar in sensitivity to juvenile and adult mortality. The present study has valuable applications in conducting developmental toxicity research with organisms lacking standardized testing protocol as well as future applications in multigenerational and in silico toxicity research. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1791-1805. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Osborne
- School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - M M Ijzerman
- School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Venier
- School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - R S Prosser
- School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Diallo T, Leleu J, Parinet J, Guérin T, Thomas H, Lerebours A. Approaches to determine pesticides in marine bivalves. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04709-4. [PMID: 37127735 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to agricultural runoff, pesticides end up in aquatic ecosystems and some accumulate in marine bivalves. As filter feeders, bivalves can accumulate high concentrations of chemicals in their tissue representing a potential risk to the health of human and aquatic ecosystems. So far, most of the studies dealing with pesticide contamination in marine bivalves, for example, in the French Atlantic and English Channel coasts, have focused on the old generation of pesticides. Only a few investigated the newly emerging pesticides partly due to methodological challenges. A better understanding of the most sensitive and reliable methods is thus essential for accurately determining a wide variety of environmentally relevant pesticides in marine bivalves. The review highlighted the use of more environmentally friendly and efficient materials such as sorbents and the "quick easy cheap effective rugged safe" extraction procedure to extract pesticides from bivalve matrices, as they appeared to be the most efficient while being the safest. Moreover, this method combined with the high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) technique offers promising perspectives by highlighting a wide range of pesticides including those that are not usually sought. Finally, recent developments in the field of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to MS, such as two-dimensional chromatography and ion mobility spectrometry, will improve the analysis of pesticides in complex matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thierno Diallo
- Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
| | - Julia Leleu
- Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Julien Parinet
- Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thierry Guérin
- ANSES, Strategy and Programmes Department, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Hélène Thomas
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
| | - Adélaïde Lerebours
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Teed RS, Moore DRJ, Vukov O, Brain RA, Overmyer JP. Challenges with the current methodology for conducting Endangered Species Act risk assessments for pesticides in the United States. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:817-829. [PMID: 36385493 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA or the Agency) is responsible for administering the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). The Agency is also required to assess the potential risks of pesticides undergoing registration or re-registration to threatened and endangered (i.e., listed) species to ensure compliance with the Endangered Species Act. To assess potential risks to listed species, a screening-level risk assessment in the form of a biological evaluation (BE) is undertaken by the Agency for each pesticide. Given the large number of registration actions handled by the USEPA annually, efficient tools for conducting BEs are desirable. However, the "Revised Method" that is the basis for the USEPA's BE process has been ineffective at filtering out listed species and critical habitats that are at de minimis risk to pesticides. In the USEPA's BEs, the Magnitude of Effect Tool (MAGtool) has been used to determine potential risks to listed species that potentially co-occur with pesticide footprints. The MAGtool is a highly prescriptive, high-throughput compilation of existing FIFRA screening-level models with a geospatial interface. The tool has been a significant contributor to risk inflation and ultimately process inefficiency. The ineffectiveness of the tool stems from compounding conservatism, unrealistic and unreasonable assumptions regarding usage, limited application of species-specific data, lack of consideration of multiple lines of evidence, and inability to integrate higher-tier data. Here, we briefly describe the MAGtool and the critical deficiencies that impair its effectiveness, thus undermining its intention. Case studies are presented to highlight the deficiencies and solutions are recommended for improving listed species assessments in the future. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:817-829. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jay P Overmyer
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
He L, Wu L, Shen S, Li Y, Chen S, Xue J, Yang S, Zhang Z, Wu L, Yang L. A novel Fe-PTFE magnetic composite prepared by ball milling for the efficient degradation of imidacloprid: Insights into interaction mechanisms based on ultrasonic piezoelectric catalysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161082. [PMID: 36565875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel magnetic poly (tetrafluoroethylene, PTFE) (Fe@PTFE) piezoelectric catalytic material was successfully prepared by a simple ball milling treatment. The prepared piezoelectric catalytic material Fe@PTFE exhibited excellent catalytic performance under the activation of ultrasonic (US) and realized the efficient degradation of imidacloprid (IMI) at low concentrations in an aqueous environment. It was demonstrated by various characterization methods that Fe0 was successfully loaded onto PTFE particles (1-15 μm) by ball milling. The US/Fe@PTFE system exhibited superior IMI degradation efficiency (99 %) and degradation rate (7.81× 10-2 min-1) under ultrasonic polarization with high efficiences of IMI degradation after five cycles. In addition, the system maintained excellent removal efficiencies in the real water matrixes. The mechanism study demonstrated that Fe@PTFE generated a variety of reactive oxygen species (•OH, 1O2 and O2•-) and H2O2 under the irradiation of US, and the production of H2O2 provided the conditions for the continuation of the Fenton-like reaction. Furthermore, the presence of O2•- in the system enhanced the recycling efficiency of Fe(III) and Fe(II), which further enhanced the degradation efficiency of the Fenton-like process. This study provides a novel perspective on a PTFE-based ultrasonic piezoelectric catalytic system for the efficient removal of organic pollutants in the environmental field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuyang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shitai Shen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yulong Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jianming Xue
- New Zealand Forest Research Institute (Scion), Forest System, POB 29237, Christchurch 8440, New Zealand; College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Shengmao Yang
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Zulin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen ABI5 8QH, UK
| | - Li Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Lie Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang J, Luo Y, Chen M, Lu H, Zhang H, Liu Y, Guo C, Xu J. Occurrence, spatial distribution, and potential risks of organic micropollutants in urban surface waters from qinghai, northwest China. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 318:137819. [PMID: 36640988 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lack of knowledge on the destiny of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in the Tibetan Plateau region of China prevents the public from being aware of the need for protecting these unique aquatic ecosystems that are precious water resources and source areas of the Yellow River. To address this knowledge gap, this study systematically investigated the multi-residue analysis, distribution, and potential risks of six types of OMPs, namely, neonicotinoid pesticides (NEOs), fungicides, organophosphate esters (OPEs), organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), psychoactive substances (PSs), and antidepressants (ADs), in surface waters of major cities in Qinghai. A total of 31 compounds, consisting of 8 NEOs, 1 fungicide, 12 OPEs, 2 OPPs, 5 PSs, and 3 ADs, were detected in >50% of the sites, showing their ubiquitous nature in the study area. Results showed that the total OMP concentration in surface water was 28.3-908 ng/L, and OPEs were the dominant composition (48.6%-97.4%). The risk quotient values of the detected diazinon and dursban regularly exceeded 1 for aquatic organisms at all sampling sites, indicating moderate-high chronic ecological risk. The joint probability curves showed that dursban and NEOs have higher risk levels than other OMPs. Although the results of the non-carcinogenic total hazard quotient of the OMPs in the surface water was less than 1 in all age groups and the carcinogenic risk was lower than the negligible risk level, the potential risks to children and infants were considerably greater and should not be underestimated. In addition to pollutant concentration and exposure duration, ingestion rate and body weight (BW) are also important factors affecting health risk, with BW having a negative effect. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this report is the first to describe OMP pollution in Qinghai, and the results provide new insight into the ecological security of the water resources of the Tibetan Plateau.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Haijian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Changsheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Thunnissen NW, Geurts KAG, Hoeks S, Hendriks AJ. The impact of imidacloprid and thiacloprid on the mean species abundance in aquatic ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153626. [PMID: 35124047 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are currently the most widely used and sold insecticides in the world, providing effective pest control. Risk assessment of these and other pesticides by lab-based indicators is common. Yet, empirically and theoretically underpinning of extrapolation to indicators used in field surveys is severely limited. Consequently, the aim of our study was to quantify the toxicological and ecological impact of the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiacloprid to aquatic invertebrates. We derived Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs) based on chronic LC50 data and Mean Species Abundance Relationships (MSARs), comparing these lab-based approaches to field data as well. MSARs are changes in mean species abundance (MSA) as a function of chemical exposure, providing insight into the overall decline of a community. The MSA expresses the mean abundance of species in disturbed conditions relative to their abundance in undisturbed habitat. The medians of the SSD of imidacloprid and thiacloprid for the different species were 16.45 μg/L and 26.40 μg/L, respectively. HC50s of the MSAR of imidacloprid and thiacloprid were 4.25 μg/L and 5.12 μg/L, respectively. The three taxonomic groups tested (insects, crustaceans and mollusks) did not differ significantly in sensitivity for imidacloprid and thiacloprid, both according to the SSDs and MSARs derived. Quantile exposure-response curves (99%-tile) were plotted showing the relative abundance (RA) of aquatic invertebrate species at increasing imidacloprid levels. The 99%-tile of the Relative Abundances (RA99) of species and corresponding imidacloprid concentrations monitored in field surveys in the Netherlands was significantly lower than the Potentially Affected Fraction (PAF) calculated from the SSD. Yet, the MSA was similar to the RA99, suggesting that MSAR is an ecologically meaningful relationship for toxic stress estimated from lab data. Future efforts should be directed to additional empirical underpinning as well as determining the relationship of PAF to other metrics for ecosystem diversity and productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N W Thunnissen
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - K A G Geurts
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - S Hoeks
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - A J Hendriks
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schmidt TS, Miller JL, Mahler BJ, Van Metre PC, Nowell LH, Sandstrom MW, Carlisle DM, Moran PW, Bradley PM. Ecological consequences of neonicotinoid mixtures in streams. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj8182. [PMID: 35417236 PMCID: PMC9007503 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj8182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid mixtures are common in streams worldwide, but corresponding ecological responses are poorly understood. We combined experimental and observational studies to narrow this knowledge gap. The mesocosm experiment determined that concentrations of the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and clothianidin (range of exposures, 0 to 11.9 μg/liter) above the hazard concentration for 5% of species (0.017 and 0.010 μg/liter, respectively) caused a loss in taxa abundance and richness, disrupted adult emergence, and altered trophodynamics, while mixtures of the two neonicotinoids caused dose-dependent synergistic effects. In 85 Coastal California streams, neonicotinoids were commonly detected [59% of samples (n = 340), 72% of streams], frequently occurred as mixtures (56% of streams), and potential toxicity was dominated by imidacloprid (maximum = 1.92 μg/liter) and clothianidin (maximum = 2.51 μg/liter). Ecological responses in the field were consistent with the synergistic effects observed in the mesocosm experiment, indicating that neonicotinoid mixtures pose greater than expected risks to stream health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis S. Schmidt
- Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Helena, MT 59601, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Janet L. Miller
- National Operations Center, Bureau of Land Management, Denver, CO 80225, USA
| | - Barbara J. Mahler
- Texas Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Austin, TX 78754, USA
| | - Peter C. Van Metre
- Texas Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Austin, TX 78754, USA
| | - Lisa H. Nowell
- California Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Mark W. Sandstrom
- National Water Quality Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, USA
| | - Daren M. Carlisle
- Earth System Processes Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049, USA
| | - Patrick W. Moran
- Washington Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Paul M. Bradley
- South Atlantic Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, SC 29210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gillis PL, Salerno J, McKay VL, Bennett CJ, Lemon KLK, Rochfort QJ, Prosser RS. Salt-Laden Winter Runoff and Freshwater Mussels; Assessing the Effect on Early Life Stages in the Laboratory and Wild Mussel Populations in Receiving Waters. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 82:239-254. [PMID: 33388842 PMCID: PMC8818002 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of road salt for winter road maintenance has led to an increase in the salinity of surface water in many seasonally cold areas. Freshwater mussels have a heightened sensitivity to salt, which is a concern, because many Canadian mussel species at risk have ranges limited to southern Ontario, Canada's most road-dense region. This study examined the effect of winter road runoff on freshwater mussels. The impact of two bridges that span mussel habitat in the Thames River watershed (Ontario, Canada), the second most species-rich watershed for mussels in Canada, were studied. During a winter melt event, bridge runoff, as well as creek surface water surrounding the bridges were collected. Chloride concentrations in samples from bridge deck and tile drains varied (99-8250 mg/L). In general, survival of Lampsilis fasciola glochidia exposed to those samples reflected chloride levels (e.g. 84% at 99 mg/L; 0% at 8250 mg/L), although potassium (60 mg/L) may have at least contributed to toxicity in one sample. Serial dilution exposures with the two most toxic runoff samples revealed 48-h glochidia EC50s of 44% (McGregor Creek Tile Drain) and 26% (Baptiste Creek Deck Drain). During the melt event, the chloride concentrations in creek surface waters downstream of the bridges ranged from 69 to 179 mg Cl-/L; effects on glochidia (viability 77-91%) exposed to those waters was minimal. There were no live mussels surrounding one bridge (Baptiste Creek), likely due to poor habitat. At the other targeted bridge (McGregor Creek), fewer mussels were found close (< 100 m up- or downstream) to the bridge than further (> 200 m) away. However, other contributing factors, including agriculture, were present at both study areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Gillis
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada.
| | - Joseph Salerno
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Vicki L McKay
- Lower Thames Valley Conservation Authority, Chatham, ON, Canada
| | - C James Bennett
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Karen L K Lemon
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Quintin J Rochfort
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dimitri VDP, Yao KS, Li D, Lei HJ, Van den Brink PJ, Ying GG. Imidacloprid treatments induces cyanobacteria blooms in freshwater communities under sub-tropical conditions. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 240:105992. [PMID: 34656895 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid is one of the most used neonicotinoid insecticides all over the world and is considered as a contaminant of concern due to its high toxicity potential to aquatic organisms. However, the majority of the studies that have evaluated the effects of imidacloprid on aquatic organisms were conducted under temperate conditions. In the present study, a mesocosm experiment was conducted under sub-tropical conditions to assess the effects of imidacloprid on the structure (macroinvertebrates, zooplankton and phytoplankton) and functional endpoints of an aquatic ecosystem and to compare the results with similar temperate and (sub-)tropical mesocosm studies. Imidacloprid (0, 0.03, 0.3 and 3 µg/L) was applied to 13 mesocosms weekly over a period of 4 weeks, followed by a one month recovery period. At the community level a lowest NOECcommunity of 0.03 µg/L was calculated for the zooplankton, phytoplankton and macroinvertebrate communities. The highest sensitivity to imidacloprid (NOEC < 0.03 µg/L) were observed for Gerris sp., Diaptomus sp. and Brachionus quadridentatus. Imidacloprid induced population declines of the larger zooplankton species (Diaptomus sp. and Ostracoda) resulted in increased rotifer abundances and shifted the phytoplankton community to a graze resistant gelatinous cyanobacteria dominated ecosystem. These cyanobacteria blooms occurred at all different concentrations and could pose an important public health and environmental concern. Although there are some differences in species and community sensitivity between the present and the other (sub-)topical mesocosm studies, it can be observed that all show a similar general community response to imidacloprid. Under (sub-)tropical conditions, the toxic effects of imidacloprid occur at lower concentrations than found for temperate ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Van de Perre Dimitri
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Kai-Sheng Yao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Wageningen University, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dan Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hao-Jun Lei
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Wageningen University, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rempel EM, Marcus JM, Detwiler JT. The complete mitochondrial genome of the file ramshorn snail Planorbella pilsbryi (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Hygrophila: Planorbidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:3181-3183. [PMID: 34746397 PMCID: PMC8567931 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1975508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The file ramshorn snail Planorbella pilsbryi Baker, 1926 (Gastropoda: Hygrophila: Planorbidae) is a widespread herbivorous North American freshwater snail found in diverse habitats, including standing and moving water bodies. Genome skimming by Illumina sequencing allowed the assembly of a complete nuclear rRNA repeat sequence and a complete circular mitogenome of 13,720 bp from P. pilsbryi consisting of 75.3% AT nucleotides, 22 tRNAs, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs and a control region in the typical order found in panpulmonate snails. Planorbella pilsbryi COXI features a rare TTG start codon while COXII, CYTB, ND2, ND3, and ND5 exhibit incomplete stop codons completed by the addition of 3' A residues to the mRNA. Phylogenetic reconstruction of mitochondrial protein-coding gene and rRNA sequences places P. pilsbryi as sister taxon to Planorbella duryi (Planorbidae) within family Planorbidae, which is consistent with previous phylogenetic hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. Rempel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M. Marcus
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jillian T. Detwiler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Malhotra N, Chen KHC, Huang JC, Lai HT, Uapipatanakul B, Roldan MJM, Macabeo APG, Ger TR, Hsiao CD. Physiological Effects of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on Non-Target Aquatic Animals-An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9591. [PMID: 34502500 PMCID: PMC8431157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we review the effects of large-scale neonicotinoid contaminations in the aquatic environment on non-target aquatic invertebrate and vertebrate species. These aquatic species are the fauna widely exposed to environmental changes and chemical accumulation in bodies of water. Neonicotinoids are insecticides that target the nicotinic type acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the central nervous systems (CNS) and are considered selective neurotoxins for insects. However, studies on their physiologic impacts and interactions with non-target species are limited. In researches dedicated to exploring physiologic and toxic outcomes of neonicotinoids, studies relating to the effects on vertebrate species represent a minority case compared to invertebrate species. For aquatic species, the known effects of neonicotinoids are described in the level of organismal, behavioral, genetic and physiologic toxicities. Toxicological studies were reported based on the environment of bodies of water, temperature, salinity and several other factors. There exists a knowledge gap on the relationship between toxicity outcomes to regulatory risk valuation. It has been a general observation among studies that neonicotinoid insecticides demonstrate significant toxicity to an extensive variety of invertebrates. Comprehensive analysis of data points to a generalization that field-realistic and laboratory exposures could result in different or non-comparable results in some cases. Aquatic invertebrates perform important roles in balancing a healthy ecosystem, thus rapid screening strategies are necessary to verify physiologic and toxicological impacts. So far, much of the studies describing field tests on non-target species are inadequate and in many cases, obsolete. Considering the current literature, this review addresses important information gaps relating to the impacts of neonicotinoids on the environment and spring forward policies, avoiding adverse biological and ecological effects on a range of non-target aquatic species which might further impair the whole of the aquatic ecological web.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nemi Malhotra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
| | - Kelvin H.-C. Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan; (K.H.-C.C.); (J.-C.H.)
| | - Jong-Chin Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan; (K.H.-C.C.); (J.-C.H.)
| | - Hong-Thih Lai
- Department of Aquatic Biosciences, National Chiayi University, 300 University Rd., Chiayi 60004, Taiwan;
| | - Boontida Uapipatanakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi 12110, Thailand;
| | - Marri Jmelou M. Roldan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Allan Patrick G. Macabeo
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Tzong-Rong Ger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Research Center for Aquatic Toxicology and Pharmacology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Research Center for Aquatic Toxicology and Pharmacology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Merga LB, Van den Brink PJ. Ecological effects of imidacloprid on a tropical freshwater ecosystem and subsequent recovery dynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147167. [PMID: 34088063 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of imidacloprid on structural (invertebrates and primary producers) and functional (organic matter decomposition and physicochemical parameters) characteristics of tropical freshwaters using acute single species and mesocosm studies performed in Ethiopia. The recovery of affected endpoints was also studied by using a mesocosm study period of 21 weeks. Our acute toxicity test showed that Cloeon dipterum (96-h EC50 = 1.5 μg/L) and Caenis horaria (96-h EC50 = 1.9 μg/L) are relatively sensitive arthropods to imidacloprid. The mesocosm experiment evaluated the effects of four applications of imidacloprid with a weekly interval and the results showed that the macroinvertebrate and zooplankton community structure changed significantly due to imidacloprid contamination in mesocosms repeatedly dosed with ≥0.1 and ≥ 0.01 μg/L, respectively (time weighted average concentrations of 112 days (TWA112d) of ≥0.124 and ≥ ≈0.02 μg/L, respectively). The largest responses were found for C. dipterum, C. horaria, Brachionus sp. and Filinia sp. Chlorophyll-a concentrations of periphyton and phytoplankton significantly increased in the ≥0.1 μg/L treatments levels which are indirect effects as a result of the release of grazing pressure. A significant, but quantitatively small, decrease of organic matter decomposition rate was observed in mesocosms treated with repeated doses of 1 μg/L (TWA112d of 2.09 μg/L). No recovery was observed for the macroinvertebrates community during the study period of 21 weeks, but zooplankton recovered after 9 weeks. We observed spatio-temporal related toxicity differences between tropical and temperate aquatic taxa, with tropical taxa generally being more sensitive. This suggests that use of temperate toxicity data for the risk assessment of imidacloprid in tropical region is not recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lemessa B Merga
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Chemistry, Ambo University, P.O. Box 240, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang L, Feng J, Gao Y, Zhu L. Role of Toxicokinetic and Toxicodynamic Parameters in Explaining the Sensitivity of Zebrafish Larvae to Four Metals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8965-8976. [PMID: 34129327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Given the persistence and toxic potencies of metal contaminants in ecosystems, animals, and human beings, they are considered to be hazardous global pollutants. While the lethality of metal toxicities (e.g., LC50) can significantly vary, even within the same species, the underlying mechanisms are less well-understood. In this study, we developed a subcellular two-compartment toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TK-TD) model for zebrafish larvae when exposed to four metals (cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc) to reveal whether differences in metal toxicity (LC50 values) were dominated by the TK or TD processes. Results showed that the subcellular TK and TD parameters of the four metals were significantly different, and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) value of copper was higher than those of the other metals. We also found that the TD parameter internal threshold concentration (CIT) was significantly positively correlated to the LC50 values (R2 = 0.7), suggesting a dominant role of TD processes in metal toxicity. Furthermore, the combined parameter CIT/BCF for a metal-sensitive fraction (BCFMSF), which linked exposure to effects through the TK-TD approach, explained up to 89% of the variation in toxicity to the four metals. The present study suggests that the observed variation in toxicity of these four metals was mainly determined by TD processes but that TK processes should not be ignored, especially for copper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanpeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yongfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tosi S, Nieh JC, Brandt A, Colli M, Fourrier J, Giffard H, Hernández-López J, Malagnini V, Williams GR, Simon-Delso N. Long-term field-realistic exposure to a next-generation pesticide, flupyradifurone, impairs honey bee behaviour and survival. Commun Biol 2021; 4:805. [PMID: 34183763 PMCID: PMC8238954 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The assessment of pesticide risks to insect pollinators have typically focused on short-term, lethal impacts. The environmental ramifications of many of the world's most commonly employed pesticides, such as those exhibiting systemic properties that can result in long-lasting exposure to insects, may thus be severely underestimated. Here, seven laboratories from Europe and North America performed a standardised experiment (a ring-test) to study the long-term lethal and sublethal impacts of the relatively recently approved 'bee safe' butenolide pesticide flupyradifurone (FPF, active ingredient in Sivanto®) on honey bees. The emerging contaminant, FPF, impaired bee survival and behaviour at field-realistic doses (down to 11 ng/bee/day, corresponding to 400 µg/kg) that were up to 101-fold lower than those reported by risk assessments (1110 ng/bee/day), despite an absence of time-reinforced toxicity. Our findings raise concerns about the chronic impact of pesticides on pollinators at a global scale and support a novel methodology for a refined risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Tosi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - James C Nieh
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Monica Colli
- Ecotoxicological Unit, Biotecnologie BT S.r.l., Todi, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Valeria Malagnini
- Center for Technology Transfer, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Geoffrey R Williams
- Institute of Bee Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Noa Simon-Delso
- BeeLife European Beekeeping Coordination, Louvain la Neuve, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kuchovská E, Morin B, López-Cabeza R, Barré M, Gouffier C, Bláhová L, Cachot J, Bláha L, Gonzalez P. Comparison of imidacloprid, propiconazole, and nanopropiconazole effects on the development, behavior, and gene expression biomarkers of the Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142921. [PMID: 33757243 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coastal areas are final recipients of various contaminants including pesticides. The effects of pesticides on non-target organisms are often unclear, especially at environmentally relevant concentrations. This study investigated the impacts of insecticide imidacloprid (IMI) and fungicide propiconazole (PRO), some of the most detected pesticides in the Arcachon Bay in France. This work also included the research of propiconazole nanoformulation (nanoPRO). The effects were assessed studying the development of the early life stages of the Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas). Oyster embryos were exposed for 24, 30, and 42 h (depending on the endpoint) at 24 °C to environmentally relevant concentrations of the two pesticides as well as to nanoPRO. The research focused on sublethal endpoints such as the presence of developmental malformations, alterations of locomotion patterns, or changes in the gene expression levels. No developmental abnormalities were observed after exposure to environmental concentrations detected in the Arcachon Bay in recent years (maximal detected concentration of IMI and PRO were 174 ng/L and 29 ng/L, respectively). EC50 of PRO and nanoPRO were comparable, 2.93 ± 1.35 and 2.26 ± 1.36 mg/L, while EC50 of IMI exceeded 200 mg/L. IMI did not affect larval behavior. PRO affected larval movement trajectory and decreased average larvae swimming speed (2 μg/L), while nanoPRO increased the maximal larvae swimming speed (0.02 μg/L). PRO upregulated especially genes linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and detoxification. NanoPRO effects on gene expression were less pronounced - half of the genes were altered in comparison with PRO. IMI induced a strong dose-response impact on the genes linked to the detoxification, ROS production, cell cycle, and apoptosis regulation. In conclusion, our results suggest that current pesticide concentrations detected in the Arcachon Bay are safe for the Pacific oyster early development, but they might have a small direct effect via altered gene expressions, whose longer-term impacts cannot be ruled out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Kuchovská
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Bénédicte Morin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Rocío López-Cabeza
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mathilde Barré
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | | | - Lucie Bláhová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Luděk Bláha
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pisa L, Goulson D, Yang EC, Gibbons D, Sánchez-Bayo F, Mitchell E, Aebi A, van der Sluijs J, MacQuarrie CJK, Giorio C, Long EY, McField M, Bijleveld van Lexmond M, Bonmatin JM. An update of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides. Part 2: impacts on organisms and ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11749-11797. [PMID: 29124633 PMCID: PMC7921077 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0341-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
New information on the lethal and sublethal effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on organisms is presented in this review, complementing the previous Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) in 2015. The high toxicity of these systemic insecticides to invertebrates has been confirmed and expanded to include more species and compounds. Most of the recent research has focused on bees and the sublethal and ecological impacts these insecticides have on pollinators. Toxic effects on other invertebrate taxa also covered predatory and parasitoid natural enemies and aquatic arthropods. Little new information has been gathered on soil organisms. The impact on marine and coastal ecosystems is still largely uncharted. The chronic lethality of neonicotinoids to insects and crustaceans, and the strengthened evidence that these chemicals also impair the immune system and reproduction, highlights the dangers of this particular insecticidal class (neonicotinoids and fipronil), with the potential to greatly decrease populations of arthropods in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Sublethal effects on fish, reptiles, frogs, birds, and mammals are also reported, showing a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity of these insecticides in vertebrates and their deleterious impacts on growth, reproduction, and neurobehaviour of most of the species tested. This review concludes with a summary of impacts on the ecosystem services and functioning, particularly on pollination, soil biota, and aquatic invertebrate communities, thus reinforcing the previous WIA conclusions (van der Sluijs et al. 2015).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dave Goulson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - En-Cheng Yang
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David Gibbons
- RSPB Centre for Conservation of Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, SG19 2DL, UK
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Bayo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 1 Central Avenue, Eveleigh, NSW, 2015, Australia
| | - Edward Mitchell
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Aebi
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Anthropology Institute, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Saint-Nicolas 4, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen van der Sluijs
- Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen, Postboks 7805, 5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Postboks 7805, 5020, Bergen, Norway
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris J K MacQuarrie
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen St. East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | | | - Elizabeth Yim Long
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Melanie McField
- Smithsonian Institution, 701 Seaway Drive Fort Pierce, Florida, 34949, USA
| | | | - Jean-Marc Bonmatin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, France.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Herbert LT, Cossi PF, Painefilú JC, Mengoni Goñalons C, Luquet CM, Kristoff G. Acute neurotoxicity evaluation of two anticholinesterasic insecticides, independently and in mixtures, and a neonicotinoid on a freshwater gastropod. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129107. [PMID: 33288284 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurotoxic insecticides are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems, frequently as part of complex mixtures. Freshwater gastropods are generally underrepresented in neurotoxicity evaluations and cumulative toxicity testing. This study investigates the behavioural and biochemical effects of acute exposures to the carbamate carbaryl, the organophosphate chlorpyrifos, and the neonicotinoid acetamiprid on the freshwater gastropod Chilina gibbosa. First, we evaluated behavioural neurotoxicity and cholinesterase (ChE), carboxylesterase (CE), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in acute (48h) single-chemical exposures to increasing concentrations of carbaryl (0.5-500 μg L-1), chlorpyrifos (10-7500 μg L-1), and acetamiprid (1-10000 μg L-1). We then studied the effects of acute (48h) exposures to binary mixtures of carbaryl and chlorpyrifos equivalent to 0.5, 1, and 1.5 ChE 48h-IC50. None of the insecticides caused severe behavioural neurotoxicity, except for a significant lack of adherence by 5000 μg L-1 chlorpyrifos. Carbaryl caused concentration-dependent inhibition of ChEs (NOEC 5 μg L-1; 48h-IC50 45 μg L-1) and CEs with p-nitrophenyl butyrate as substrate (NOEC 5 μg L-1; 48h-IC50 37 μg L-1). Chlorpyrifos caused concentration-dependent inhibition of ChEs (NOEC 50 μg L-1; 48h-IC50 946 μg L-1) but did not affect CEs (NOEC ≥7500 μg L-1). Carbaryl-chlorpyrifos mixtures inhibited ChEs additively, inhibited CEs with p-nitrophenyl butyrate, and did not affect behaviour. GST activity was not affected by single or mixture exposures. Acute exposure to acetamiprid did not affect any of the endpoints evaluated. This study provides new information on carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, and acetamiprid toxicity on C. gibbosa, relevant to improve gastropod representation in ecotoxicological risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Thomsett Herbert
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática: Invertebrados Nativos, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica de La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Paula Fanny Cossi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática: Invertebrados Nativos, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica de La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Julio César Painefilú
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática (INIBIOMA, UNCo-CONICET)-CEAN, Junín de Los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina.
| | | | - Carlos Marcelo Luquet
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática (INIBIOMA, UNCo-CONICET)-CEAN, Junín de Los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina.
| | - Gisela Kristoff
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática: Invertebrados Nativos, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica de La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ewere EE, Reichelt-Brushett A, Benkendorff K. Impacts of Neonicotinoids on Molluscs: What We Know and What We Need to Know. TOXICS 2021; 9:21. [PMID: 33499264 PMCID: PMC7911472 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The broad utilisation of neonicotinoids in agriculture has led to the unplanned contamination of adjacent terrestrial and aquatic systems around the world. Environmental monitoring regularly detects neonicotinoids at concentrations that may cause negative impacts on molluscs. The toxicity of neonicotinoids to some non-target invertebrates has been established; however, information on mollusc species is limited. Molluscs are likely to be exposed to various concentrations of neonicotinoids in the soil, food and water, which could increase their vulnerability to other sources of mortality and cause accidental exposure of other organisms higher in the food chain. This review examines the impacts of various concentrations of neonicotinoids on molluscs, including behavioural, physiological and biochemical responses. The review also identifies knowledge gaps and provides recommendations for future studies, to ensure a more comprehensive understanding of impacts from neonicotinoid exposure to molluscs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Endurance E Ewere
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (E.E.E.); (A.R.-B.)
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154 Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Amanda Reichelt-Brushett
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (E.E.E.); (A.R.-B.)
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (E.E.E.); (A.R.-B.)
- National Marine Science Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Anderson JC, Marteinson SC, Prosser RS. Prioritization of Pesticides for Assessment of Risk to Aquatic Ecosystems in Canada and Identification of Knowledge Gaps. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 259:171-231. [PMID: 34625837 DOI: 10.1007/398_2021_81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides can enter aquatic environments via direct application, via overspray or drift during application, or by runoff or leaching from fields during rain events, where they can have unintended effects on non-target aquatic biota. As such, Fisheries and Oceans Canada identified a need to prioritize current-use pesticides based on potential risks towards fish, their prey species, and habitats in Canada. A literature review was conducted to: (1) Identify current-use pesticides of concern for Canadian marine and freshwater environments based on use and environmental presence in Canada, (2) Outline current knowledge on the biological effects of the pesticides of concern, and (3) Identify general data gaps specific to biological effects of pesticides on aquatic species. Prioritization was based upon recent sales data, measured concentrations in Canadian aquatic environments between 2000 and 2020, and inherent toxicity as represented by aquatic guideline values. Prioritization identified 55 pesticides for further research nationally. Based on rank, a sub-group of seven were chosen as the top-priority pesticides, including three herbicides (atrazine, diquat, and S-metolachlor), three insecticides (chlorpyrifos, clothianidin, and permethrin), and one fungicide (chlorothalonil). A number of knowledge gaps became apparent through this process, including gaps in our understanding of sub-lethal toxicity, environmental fate, species sensitivity distributions, and/or surface water concentrations for each of the active ingredients reviewed. More generally, we identified a need for more baseline fish and fish habitat data, ongoing environmental monitoring, development of marine and sediment-toxicity benchmarks, improved study design including sufficiently low method detection limits, and collaboration around accessible data reporting and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah C Marteinson
- National Contaminants Advisory Group, Ecosystems and Oceans Science Sector, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Ryan S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Matten KJ, Parrott JL, Bartlett AJ, Gillis PL, Milani D, Toito J, Balakrishnan VK, Prosser RS. Toxicity of dinonylnaphthalene sulfonates to Pimephales promelas and epibenthic invertebrates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140260. [PMID: 32886965 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acids (NSAs) are high production volume chemicals that are used primarily as additives in a wide range of industrial products (i.e., coatings, sealants, fuels, metal-extractants, paints, rubber materials). This study examined the effect of three NSA congeners on freshwater organisms: barium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate (BaDNS), calcium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate (CaDNS), and dinonylnaphthalene disulfonic acid (DNDS). Chronic effects were characterized by exposing fertilized fathead minnow eggs to sediment-associated NSAs and measuring various developmental and growth endpoints for 21 d. No effects in hatch success and larval growth were observed when fathead minnow eggs were exposed to CaDNS and DNDS concentrations up to 246 and 798 μg/g dry weight, respectively, in spiked sediment (~2% organic carbon). However, when NSAs were associated with substrate containing no organic carbon (sand), EC50s for fathead minnow hatch success, larval growth, biomass production, and overall survival were 58.3, 18.8, 15.5, and 13.8 μg/L, respectively, for CaDNS. Acute effect characterization was also conducted in water-only exposures for the three NSA congeners using the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca, the pulmonate snail Planorbella pilsbryi, and larval freshwater mussels Lampsilis cardium and Lampsilis siliquoidea. The sulfonate salts (BaDNS and CaDNS) were significantly more acutely toxic to all tested invertebrates in the water-only exposures, with LC50s ranging from 0.47 to 12.1 μg/L, compared to DNDS (LC50s ≥ 98.2 μg/L). This is the first study to provide empirical data on the aquatic toxicity of three NSA congeners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Matten
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J L Parrott
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - A J Bartlett
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - P L Gillis
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - D Milani
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - J Toito
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - V K Balakrishnan
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - R S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Singh A, Leppanen C. Known Target and Nontarget Effects of the Novel Neonicotinoid Cycloxaprid to Arthropods: A Systematic Review. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2020; 16:831-840. [PMID: 32592520 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticide class worldwide, and unfortunately, the widely used neonicotinoid imidacloprid is problematic for pollinators and other nontarget organisms. These nontarget impacts and the development of resistance prompt the ongoing development and testing of new neonicotinoids. The novel neonicotinoid cycloxaprid was described in 2011 and registered in China in 2015. Studies investigating its use and effect on target and nontarget species are recent and ongoing, and empirical evidence has not yet been collectively considered. Therefore, a systematic review was performed to identify and summarize data associated with target and nontarget, lethal and sublethal impacts of cycloxaprid for its use as a new insecticide. We performed keyword literature searches in Web of Science, PubMed, Academic Search Complete, and Google Scholar and explored citations used in identified articles. The search strategy yielded 66 citations; 25 citations fulfilled eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Under experimental conditions, cycloxaprid reduced populations of plant-feeding insect pests, suppressed populations of sucking and biting insect pests, and affected reproduction, development time, longevity, growth, gene regulation and expression, and phloem-feeding behavior of various life stages of certain insects. Studies focus on pest control efficacy and comparison with imidacloprid. Five nontarget organisms have been evaluated: Apis mellifera, Chrysoperla sinica, Harmonia axyridis, Daphnia magna, and Eisenia fetida. Variation in study design, to date, precludes a metaanalysis. However, these results provide valuable insight into possible effects to target and nontarget arthropods. Because cycloxaprid is a new insecticide, additional research is needed to clarify the mechanism of action of cycloxaprid and its metabolites, and to determine if it harms natural enemies or other nontarget organisms, if resistance develops, and if it exhibits cross-resistance with other insecticides. Although research on target arthropods will inform some effects on nontarget organisms, studies focusing explicitly on impacts to nontarget organisms are needed. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:831-840. © 2020 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Singh
- Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christy Leppanen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gilroy ÈAM, Bartlett AJ, Gillis PL, Bendo NA, Salerno J, Hedges AM, Brown LR, Holman EAM, Stock NL, de Solla SR. Toxicity of the pharmaceuticals finasteride and melengestrol acetate to benthic invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:41803-41815. [PMID: 32696412 PMCID: PMC7679302 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of endocrinologically active pharmaceuticals finasteride (FIN) and melengestrol acetate (MGA) was assessed in freshwater mussels, including acute (48 h) aqueous tests with glochidia from Lampsilis siliquoidea, sub-chronic (14 days) sediment tests with gravid female Lampsilis fasciola, and chronic (28 days) sediment tests with juvenile L. siliquoidea, and in chronic (42 days) sediment tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca and the mayfly Hexagenia spp. Finasteride was not toxic in acute aqueous tests with L. siliquoidea glochidia (up to 23 mg/L), whereas significant toxicity to survival and burial ability was detected in chronic sediment tests with juvenile L. siliquoidea (chronic value (ChV, the geometric mean of LOEC and NOEC) = 58 mg/kg (1 mg/L)). Amphipods (survival, growth, reproduction, and sex ratio) and mayflies (growth) were similarly sensitive (ChV = 58 mg/kg (1 mg/L)). Melengestrol acetate was acutely toxic to L. siliquoidea glochidia at 4 mg/L in aqueous tests; in sediment tests, mayflies were the most sensitive species, with significant growth effects observed at 37 mg/kg (0.25 mg/L) (ChV = 21 mg/kg (0.1 mg/L)). Exposure to sublethal concentrations of FIN and MGA had no effect on the (luring and filtering) behaviour of gravid L. fasciola, or the viability of their brooding glochidia. Based on the limited number of measured environmental concentrations of both chemicals, and their projected concentrations, no direct effects are expected by these compounds individually on the invertebrates tested. However, organisms are exposed to contaminant mixtures in the aquatic environment, and thus, the effects of FIN and MGA as components of these mixtures require further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ève A M Gilroy
- Green House Science, Burlington, ON, Canada.
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Adrienne J Bartlett
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Patricia L Gillis
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Nicholas A Bendo
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Salerno
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Amanda M Hedges
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Lisa R Brown
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Emily A M Holman
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Naomi L Stock
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Shane R de Solla
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Impact of Neonicotinoids to Aquatic Invertebrates—In Vitro Studies on Mytilus galloprovincialis: A Review. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of pesticides in agriculture has always had a strong impact on environmental contamination. Since the 1990s, neonicotinoids have grown increasingly more popular, targeting specific receptors for insects, especially bees, which is why the use of some neonicotinoids has been banned. Much is known about the effects they have on insects, but very little about the effect they can have on non-target organisms. Several studies have shown how these neonicotinoids interact negatively with the normal physiology of aquatic organisms. For the genus Mytilus, even though the neonicotinoids did not show an interaction with specific receptors, a chronic and acute exposure to them causes damage. In these animals, a reduced production of byssus, alteration of the normal antioxidant systems and tissue damage have been found. Therefore, an analysis of the entire ecosystem in which the pollutant enters is of great importance in evaluating any possible alterations.
Collapse
|
27
|
Pang S, Lin Z, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Alansary N, Mishra S, Bhatt P, Chen S. Insights into the Toxicity and Degradation Mechanisms of Imidacloprid Via Physicochemical and Microbial Approaches. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8030065. [PMID: 32882955 PMCID: PMC7560415 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide that has been widely used to control insect pests in agricultural fields for decades. It shows insecticidal activity mainly by blocking the normal conduction of the central nervous system in insects. However, in recent years, imidacloprid has been reported to be an emerging contaminant in all parts of the world, and has different toxic effects on a variety of non-target organisms, including human beings, due to its large-scale use. Hence, the removal of imidacloprid from the ecosystem has received widespread attention. Different remediation approaches have been studied to eliminate imidacloprid residues from the environment, such as oxidation, hydrolysis, adsorption, ultrasound, illumination, and biodegradation. In nature, microbial degradation is one of the most important processes controlling the fate of and transformation from imidacloprid use, and from an environmental point of view, it is the most promising means, as it is the most effective, least hazardous, and most environmentally friendly. To date, several imidacloprid-degrading microbes, including Bacillus, Pseudoxanthomonas, Mycobacterium, Rhizobium, Rhodococcus, and Stenotrophomonas, have been characterized for biodegradation. In addition, previous studies have found that many insects and microorganisms have developed resistance genes to and degradation enzymes of imidacloprid. Furthermore, the metabolites and degradation pathways of imidacloprid have been reported. However, reviews of the toxicity and degradation mechanisms of imidacloprid are rare. In this review, the toxicity and degradation mechanisms of imidacloprid are summarized in order to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the remediation of imidacloprid-contaminated environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimei Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Nasser Alansary
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (N.A.); (S.M.); (P.B.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-8528-8229
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Treto-Suárez MA, Prieto-García JO, Mollineda-Trujillo Á, Lamazares E, Hidalgo-Rosa Y, Mena-Ulecia K. Kinetic study of removal heavy metal from aqueous solution using the synthetic aluminum silicate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10836. [PMID: 32616826 PMCID: PMC7331683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the problems that most affect humanity today is the wastewater discharge into different water bodies. It was estimated that more than 7 million tons of wastewater are generated worldwide and are discharged into rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Among the most dangerous wastewaters are those from inorganic chemistry research laboratories, mainly due to heavy metals. These problems have become a highly relevant topic, and numerous researchers have tried to design wastewater treatment systems that will deal more efficiently with heavy metals elimination. In this work, the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of hydrated aluminium silicate were performed as alternative wastewater treatment from chemistry research and teaching laboratories. The compound obtained was [Formula: see text], which was characterized by the determination of its physicochemical properties. These revealed a low density, very porous material, with low crystallinity, strong chemical resistance, a large surface area, and a high apparent ionic exchange capacity. Absorption kinetics studies of heavy metals in aqueous solutions, through more widespread models, have demonstrated that [Formula: see text] has excellent properties as absorbents of this material. The amorphous hydrated aluminium silicate achieves a decrease in the concentration of all the metal ions studied, reducing them to discharge levels permissible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julio Omar Prieto-García
- Departamento de Química y Farmacia, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas, Carretera de Camajuani km 5, 50100, Villa Clara, Cuba
| | - Ángel Mollineda-Trujillo
- Departamento de Química y Farmacia, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas, Carretera de Camajuani km 5, 50100, Villa Clara, Cuba
| | - Emilio Lamazares
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Yoan Hidalgo-Rosa
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Universidad Andres Bello, Ave. República 275, 8320000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karel Mena-Ulecia
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Ave. Rudecindo Ortega 02950, 4780000, Temuco, Chile.
- Núcleo de Investigación en Bioproductos y Materiales Avanzados (BIOMA), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Ave. Rudecindo Ortega 02950, 4780000, Temuco, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tian X, Hong X, Yan S, Li X, Wu H, Lin A, Yang W. Neonicotinoids caused oxidative stress and DNA damage in juvenile Chinese rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 197:110566. [PMID: 32283408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To assess the effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on fish, juvenile Chinese rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) were exposed to 0.1, 0.5, or 2.0 mg/L neonicotinoid insecticides (imidacloprid, nitenpyram, and dinotefuran) for 60 days. The endpoints, including oxidative stress and DNA damage, were determined. The results of oxidative stress assays showed that SOD activities were significantly increased in the 2.0 mg/L imidacloprid and 0.5 mg/L nitenpyram and dinotefuran treatments (p < 0.05). CAT activity was significantly increased with 0.1 mg/L nitenpyram (p < 0.05), whereas it was significantly decreased in the 0.1 and 2.0 mg/L dinotefuran treatment groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, MDA content was significantly decreased in all imidacloprid treatments and in the 0.5 and 2.0 mg/L dinotefuran treatments (p < 0.05); however, it was significantly increased in the 0.1 mg/L nitenpyram treatment (p < 0.05). GSH content was significantly increased at all treatments except for the 0.5 mg/L dinotefuran treatment (p < 0.05). The transcript expression results showed that gstm mRNA expression was significantly inhibited by 0.5 and 2.0 mg/L imidacloprid, and gstp1 mRNA expression was significantly inhibited by all nitenpyram treatments (p < 0.05). In addition, ugt1a mRNA expression was significantly inhibited in the 0.5 mg/L nitenpyram treatment (p < 0.05). The results of the DNA damage assay showed that tail moments were significantly increased by the 2.0 mg/L imidacloprid treatment (p < 0.01), while tail DNA was significantly increased by 0.5 and 2.0 mg/L imidacloprid, 2.0 mg/L nitenpyram and all dinotefuran treatments (p < 0.01). Moreover, olive tail moments were significantly increased by the 0.5 and 2.0 mg/L imidacloprid and 2.0 mg/L dinotefuran treatments (p < 0.01). Therefore, our oxidative stress and DNA damage findings demonstrated that imidacloprid and nitenpyram could cause adverse effects on juvenile rare minnows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xiangsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Saihong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Huihui Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Aijun Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mörtl M, Vehovszky Á, Klátyik S, Takács E, Győri J, Székács A. Neonicotinoids: Spreading, Translocation and Aquatic Toxicity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2006. [PMID: 32197435 PMCID: PMC7143627 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Various environmental and ecotoxicological aspects related to applications of neonicotinoid insecticides are assessed. Dosages of neonicotinoids applied in seed coating materials were determined and are compared to other applications (spray and granule). Environmental levels in soils and affecting factors in translocation are discussed. Excretion of neonicotinoids via guttation from coated maize seeds up to two months upon emergence, as well as cross-contamination of plants emerged from non-coated seeds or weeds nearby have been demonstrated. Contamination of surface waters is discussed in scope of a worldwide review and the environmental fate of the neonicotinoid active ingredients and the formulating surfactant appeared to be mutually affected by each other. Toxicity of neonicotinoid active ingredients and formulations on Daphnia magna completed with some investigations of activity of the detoxifying glutathione S-transferase enzyme demonstrated the modified toxicity due to the formulating agents. Electrophysiological results on identified central neurons of the terrestrial snail Helixpomatia showed acetylcholine antagonist (inhibitory) effects of neonicotinoid insecticide products, but no agonist (ACh-like) effects were recorded. These data also suggested different molecular targets (nicotinergic acetylcholine receptors and acetylcholine esterase enzyme) of neonicotinoids in the snail central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mária Mörtl
- Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, H-1022 Budapest, Herman O. u. 15, Hungary; (S.K.); (E.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Ágnes Vehovszky
- Department of Experimental Zoology, Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, H-8237 Tihany POB 35, Hungary;
| | - Szandra Klátyik
- Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, H-1022 Budapest, Herman O. u. 15, Hungary; (S.K.); (E.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Eszter Takács
- Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, H-1022 Budapest, Herman O. u. 15, Hungary; (S.K.); (E.T.); (A.S.)
| | - János Győri
- Department of Experimental Zoology, Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, H-8237 Tihany POB 35, Hungary;
| | - András Székács
- Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, H-1022 Budapest, Herman O. u. 15, Hungary; (S.K.); (E.T.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Time-Cumulative Toxicity of Neonicotinoids: Experimental Evidence and Implications for Environmental Risk Assessments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051629. [PMID: 32138339 PMCID: PMC7084546 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Our mechanistic understanding of the toxicity of chemicals that target biochemical and/or physiological pathways, such as pesticides and medical drugs is that they do so by binding to specific molecules. The nature of the latter molecules (e.g., enzymes, receptors, DNA, proteins, etc.) and the strength of the binding to such chemicals elicit a toxic effect in organisms, which magnitude depends on the doses exposed to within a given timeframe. While dose and time of exposure are critical factors determining the toxicity of pesticides, different types of chemicals behave differently. Experimental evidence demonstrates that the toxicity of neonicotinoids increases with exposure time as much as with the dose, and therefore it has been described as time-cumulative toxicity. Examples for aquatic and terrestrial organisms are shown here. This pattern of toxicity, also found among carcinogenic compounds and other toxicants, has been ignored in ecotoxicology and risk assessments for a long time. The implications of the time-cumulative toxicity of neonicotinoids on non-target organisms of aquatic and terrestrial environments are far reaching. Firstly, neonicotinoids are incompatible with integrated pest management (IPM) approaches and secondly regulatory assessments for this class of compounds cannot be based solely on exposure doses but need also to take into consideration the time factor.
Collapse
|
32
|
Stara A, Pagano M, Capillo G, Fabrello J, Sandova M, Vazzana I, Zuskova E, Velisek J, Matozzo V, Faggio C. Assessing the effects of neonicotinoid insecticide on the bivalve mollusc Mytilus galloprovincialis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 700:134914. [PMID: 31706094 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the marine invertebrate Mytilus galloprovincialis was used as model organism to evaluate the toxic effects of the neonicotinoid Calypso 480 SC (CAL) following 20 days of exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of 7.77 mg L-1 (0.1% 96 h-LC50) and 77.70 mg L-1 (1% 96 h-LC50), and a recovery period of 10 days in uncontaminated seawater. Results revealed that exposure to both concentrations of CAL increased significantly mortality rate in the cells of haemolymph and digestive gland, while digestive gland cells were no longer able to regulate cell volume. Exposure significantly reduced haemolymph parameters (Cl-, Na+), affected the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase of digestive gland and catalase of gill, and caused also histopathological alterations in digestive gland and gills. Main histological damages detected in mussels were lipofuscin accumulation, focal points of necrosis, mucous overproduction and infiltrative inflammations. Interestingly, alterations persisted after the recovery period in CAL-free water, especially for haemocyte parameters (K+, Na+, Ca2+, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose). A slight recovery of histological conditions was detected. These findings suggested that sub-chronic exposure to the neonicotinoid insecticide caused significant alterations in both cell and tissue parameters of M. galloprovincialis. Considering the ecologically and commercially important role of mussels in coastal waters, a potential risk posed by neonicotinoids to this essential aquatic resource can be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Stara
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic; University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Pagano
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gioele Capillo
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Jacopo Fabrello
- University of Padova, Department of Biology, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marie Sandova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Irene Vazzana
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Eliska Zuskova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Velisek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Valerio Matozzo
- University of Padova, Department of Biology, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Salerno J, Gillis PL, Khan H, Burton E, Deeth LE, Bennett CJ, Sibley PK, Prosser RS. Sensitivity of larval and juvenile freshwater mussels (unionidae) to ammonia, chloride, copper, potassium, and selected binary chemical mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113398. [PMID: 31662250 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic environments, organisms such as freshwater mussels are likely exposed to complex contaminant mixtures related to industrial, agricultural, and urban activities. With growing interest in understanding the risk that chemical mixtures pose to mussels, this investigation focused on the effects of various waterborne contaminants (ammonia, chloride, copper, and potassium) and selected binary mixtures of these chemicals following a fixed-ratio design to Villosa iris glochidia and juvenile Lampsilis fasciola. In individual exposures, 48-h EC50 values were determined for V. iris glochidia exposed to ammonia chloride (7.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.6-8.2] mg N/L), ammonia sulfate (8.4 [7.6-9.1] mg N/L), copper sulfate (14.2 [12.9-15.4] μg Cu2+/L), potassium chloride (12.8 [11.9-13.7] mg K+/L), potassium sulfate (10.1 [8.9-11.2] mg K+/L), and sodium chloride (480.5 [435.5-525.5] mg Cl-/L). The 7-d LC50 values for juvenile L. fasciola were determined for potassium sulfate (45.0 [18.8-71.2] mg K+/L), and sodium chloride (1738.2 [1418.6-2057.8] mg Cl-/L). In Ontario these waterborne contaminants have been reported to co-occur, with concentrations exceeding the EC10 for both life stages at some locations. Data from binary mixture exposures for V. iris glochidia (chloride-ammonia, chloride-copper, and copper-ammonia) and juvenile L. fasciola (chloride-potassium) were analyzed using a regression-based, dose-response mixture analysis modeling framework. Results from the mixture analysis were used to determine if an additive model for mixture toxicity [concentration addition (CA) or independent action (IA)] best described the toxicity of each mixture and if deviation towards dose-ratio (DR) or dose-level (DL) synergism/antagonism (S/A) occurred. For all glochidia binary mixture exposures, CA was the best fit model with DL deviation reported for the chloride-copper mixture and DR deviation reported for the copper-ammonia mixture. Using the model deviation ratio (MDR), the observed toxicity in all three glochidia mixture exposures were adequately described by both CA (mean = 0.71) and IA (mean = 0.97) whereas the juvenile mixture exposure was only adequately described by CA (mean = 0.64; IA mean = 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Salerno
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - P L Gillis
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - H Khan
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Burton
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - L E Deeth
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - C J Bennett
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - P K Sibley
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - R S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Paquet-Walsh A, Bertolo A, Landry C, Deschamps L, Boily M. Interactive effects of neonicotinoids and natural ultraviolet radiation on yellow perch (Perca flavescens) larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 685:690-701. [PMID: 31203163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NEOCs) are insecticides that are widely used worldwide in the culture of maize and soya. Whereas they specifically target terrestrial insects by acting as agonists of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in their nervous system, their effects on the cholinergic system of vertebrates is still unclear. Moreover, there is an increasing concern about their effects on aquatic biota because of their high leaching potential. In the agricultural watershed of Lake St. Pierre (LSP) (St. Lawrence River System, Québec, Canada), for example, NEOC concentrations considered toxic for aquatic biota (>8.3 ng L-1) have frequently been detected. These conditions may affect the yellow perch (Perca flavescens) population in LSP, which collapsed in the mid 1990s and is now experiencing poor recruitment. Moreover, because their larvae are found in shallow waters (<80 cm) near agricultural land, they are also exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), with unknown potential interactions with NEOCs. The objective of this study was to test the synergistic effects of two commonly used NEOCs (imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) with natural UVR on yellow perch larvae using survival analysis and biomarkers to better quantify lethal and sublethal effects. Three common garden experiments were conducted with thiamethoxam and/or imidacloprid and natural UVR following a factorial design. Our results showed an interaction between UVR and thiamethoxam in terms of larval mortality. At the sublethal level, imidacloprid was associated with increased protein content and, in the presence of UVR, with increased acetylcholinesterase activity, thus indicating a cholinergic perturbation like that found in insects. Finally, we also found unexpected reduced lipid peroxidation associated with imidacloprid. A reduction in the overall lipid accumulation is suspected to be behind this puzzling result. These results will open new research avenues related to the effects of NEOCs on proteins and lipid accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Paquet-Walsh
- Centre de recherche sur les interactions bassins versants - écosystèmes aquatiques (RIVE) and Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Andrea Bertolo
- Centre de recherche sur les interactions bassins versants - écosystèmes aquatiques (RIVE) and Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Catherine Landry
- Groupe de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN) and Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Lucas Deschamps
- Centre de recherche sur les interactions bassins versants - écosystèmes aquatiques (RIVE) and Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Monique Boily
- Groupe de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN) and Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ewere EE, Powell D, Rudd D, Reichelt-Brushett A, Mouatt P, Voelcker NH, Benkendorff K. Uptake, depuration and sublethal effects of the neonicotinoid, imidacloprid, exposure in Sydney rock oysters. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 230:1-13. [PMID: 31100675 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The broad utilisation of imidacloprid (IMI) in agriculture poses an increasing risk to aquatic organisms. However, the potential impacts on commercially important shellfish and chemical residues after exposure, are yet to be assessed. We investigated the levels of IMI in Sydney rock oyster (SRO) tissue during a three-day uptake and four-day depuration cycle using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. IMI was absorbed from the water, with significantly higher concentrations in the adductor muscles than the gills and digestive glands. Depuration was also fast with a significant drop in tissue concentrations after one day in clean water and complete elimination from all tissues except the digestive gland after four days. The distribution of IMI in SRO after direct exposure using mass spectrometry imaging demonstrated uptake and spatially resolved metabolism to hydroxyl-IMI in the digestive gland and IMI-olefin in the gills. We assessed the effects of IMI on filtration rate (FR), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the gills, and gene expression profiles in the digestive gland using transcriptomics. Exposure to 2 mg/L IMI reduced the FR of oysters on the first day, while exposure to 0.5 and 1 mg/L reduced FR on day four. IMI reduced the gill AChE activity and altered the digestive gland gene expression profile. This study indicates that commercially farmed SRO can uptake IMI from the water, but negative impacts were only detected at concentrations higher than currently detected in estuarine environments and the chemical residues can be effectively eliminated using simple depuration in clean water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Endurance E Ewere
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Daniel Powell
- Centre for Genetics, Ecology and Physiology, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia; Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Rudd
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Amanda Reichelt-Brushett
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Peter Mouatt
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480 Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bartlett AJ, Hedges AM, Intini KD, Brown LR, Maisonneuve FJ, Robinson SA, Gillis PL, de Solla SR. Acute and chronic toxicity of neonicotinoid and butenolide insecticides to the freshwater amphipod, Hyalella azteca. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 175:215-223. [PMID: 30901639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides in the world. They are preferentially toxic to insects while displaying a low toxicity toward vertebrates, and this selective toxicity has resulted in the rapid and ubiquitous use of these compounds. However, neonicotinoids have been detected in agricultural surface waters and are known to cause adverse effects in non-target aquatic organisms. A wide range of toxicity has been reported for aquatic crustaceans, but most of the studies focus on the acute effects of imidacloprid, and few data are available regarding chronic effects of other neonicotinoids or neonicotinoid replacements (e.g., butenolides). The objective of this study was to assess the acute and chronic toxicity of six neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiacloprid, and dinotefuran) and one butenolide (flupyradifurone) to the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca. Chronic (28-d), water-only, static-renewal tests were conducted. Survival was assessed weekly, and growth was measured at the end of the exposure. Effects of neonicotinoids varied depending on the compound. Acute (7-d) LC50s were 4.0, 4.7, 60, 68, 230, and 290 μg/L for clothianidin, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, thiacloprid, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam, respectively. Chronic (28-d) survival and growth were reduced at similar concentrations to acute (7-d) survival for thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, clothianidin, and dinotefuran. However, chronic survival and growth of amphipods exposed to imidacloprid and thiacloprid were reduced at lower concentrations than acute survival, with respective 28-d LC50s of 90 and 44 μg/L, and EC50s of 4 and 3 μg/L. Flupyradifurone was intermediate in toxicity compared to the neonicotinoids: 7-d LC50, 28-d LC50, and 28-d EC50 were 26, 20, and 16 μg/L, respectively. The concentrations of imidacloprid and clothianidin reported for North American surface waters fall within the effect ranges observed in this study, indicating the potential for these compounds to cause adverse effects to indigenous populations of H. azteca.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne J Bartlett
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Amanda M Hedges
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Kyna D Intini
- Wildlife Landscape and Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Lisa R Brown
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - France J Maisonneuve
- Wildlife Landscape and Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - Stacey A Robinson
- Wildlife Landscape and Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - Patricia L Gillis
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Shane R de Solla
- Wildlife Landscape and Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Robinson SA, Gavel MJ, Richardson SD, Chlebak RJ, Milotic D, Koprivnikar J, Forbes MR. Sub-chronic exposure to a neonicotinoid does not affect susceptibility of larval leopard frogs to infection by trematode parasites, via either depressed cercarial performance or host immunity. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2621-2633. [PMID: 31300888 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06385-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Little information is available on the effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on vertebrates. Previous work using amphibians found chronic exposure to some neonicotinoids had no detrimental effects on fitness-relevant traits. However, there is some evidence of more subtle effects of neonicotinoids on immune traits and evidence that other pesticides can suppress tadpole immunity resulting in elevated levels of parasitism in the exposed tadpoles. The objective of our study was to assess whether neonicotinoid exposure affected tadpole immunometrics and susceptibility to parasitic helminths. We assessed northern leopard frog tadpole (Lithobates pipiens) levels of parasitism and leukocyte profiles following exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of clothianidin and free-living infective cercariae of a helminth parasite, an Echinostoma sp. trematode. When comparing tadpoles from controls to either 1 or 100 μg/L clothianidin treatments, we found similar measures of parasitism (i.e. prevalence, abundance and intensity of echinostome cysts) and similar leukocyte profiles. We also confirmed that clothianidin was not lethal for cercariae; however, slight reductions in swimming activity were detected at the lowest exposure concentration of 0.23 μg/L. Our results show that exposure to clothianidin during the larval amphibian stage does not affect leukocyte profiles or susceptibility to parasitism by larval trematodes in northern leopard frogs although other aspects such as length of host exposure require further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Robinson
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - M J Gavel
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - S D Richardson
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - R J Chlebak
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - D Milotic
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - J Koprivnikar
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - M R Forbes
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tosi S, Nieh JC. Lethal and sublethal synergistic effects of a new systemic pesticide, flupyradifurone (Sivanto ®), on honeybees. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190433. [PMID: 30966981 PMCID: PMC6501679 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The honeybee ( Apis mellifera L.) is an important pollinator and a model for pesticide effects on insect pollinators. The effects of agricultural pesticides on honeybee health have therefore raised concern. Bees can be exposed to multiple pesticides that may interact synergistically, amplifying their side effects. Attention has focused on neonicotinoid pesticides, but flupyradifurone (FPF) is a novel butenolide insecticide that is also systemic and a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist. We therefore tested the lethal and sublethal toxic effects of FPF over different seasons and worker types, and the interaction of FPF with a common SBI fungicide, propiconazole. We provide the first demonstration of adverse synergistic effects on bee survival and behaviour (poor coordination, hyperactivity, apathy) even at FPF field-realistic doses (worst-case scenarios). Pesticide effects were significantly influenced by worker type and season. Foragers were consistently more susceptible to the pesticides (4-fold greater effect) than in-hive bees, and both worker types were more strongly affected by FPF in summer as compared with spring. Because risk assessment (RA) requires relatively limited tests that only marginally address bee behaviour and do not consider the influence of bee age and season, our results raise concerns about the safety of approved pesticides, including FPF. We suggest that pesticide RA also test for common chemical mixture synergies on behaviour and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Tosi
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Epidemiology Unit, European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Honeybee Health, University Paris Est, ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety) Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - J. C. Nieh
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sawatzky ME, Fahrig L. Wetland buffers are no substitute for landscape‐scale conservation. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E. Sawatzky
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Laboratory Department of Biology Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Lenore Fahrig
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Laboratory Department of Biology Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Salerno J, Gillis PL, Bennett CJ, Sibley PK, Prosser RS. Investigation of clearance rate as an endpoint in toxicity testing with freshwater mussels (Unionidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:165-171. [PMID: 30053586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of ecologically relevant sub-lethal endpoints in toxicity testing with freshwater mussels can provide valuable information during risk assessment, especially since these organisms are often exposed to low levels of contaminants. This study examined how to optimize quantifying the filtering capacity or clearance rate (CR) of mussels after exposure to a reference toxicant, sodium chloride (NaCl). CR was defined as the number of algal cells an individual mussel can remove from the overlying water by filtration over time and was determined using spectrophotometric absorbance and direct microscopic examination. Optimization included consideration of the following factors: concentration of algae mixture at test initiation, duration of CR assay, and statistical power. Experimental vessels contained either juvenile (ten, ~ 4 months old) or adult (one, ~ 2.5 years old) Lampsilis siliquoidea. To detect a 10% change in filtering capacity, the optimized adult CR assay was run for 48 h with 2.7 × 107 cells/mL of algae added at test initiation and a minimum of 6 replicates per treatment. The optimized juvenile mussel CR assay was run for 48 h with 1.77 × 107 cells/mL of algae added at test initiation; however, 13 replicates would be required to detect a 10% change to satisfy each method. To reduce the number of juvenile mussels used in testing, a minimum of 4 replicates per treatment was recommended to detect a 25% change in CR. After exposure to a reference toxicant (NaCl), EC50s from the optimized CR assay were compared to two other mussel toxicity endpoints: survival and burial (ability of mussels to bury in clean sand). CR by direct microscopic examination was slightly more sensitive than survival and burial in juveniles and only slightly more sensitive than survival in adults. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected between the EC/LC50 values determined from CR and the less labour-intensive survival and burial endpoints. The present study suggests the CR for juvenile and adult L. siliquoidea remained largely unaffected in mussels that survived a 7-day NaCl exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Salerno
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Patricia L Gillis
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science Technology Directive, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Charles J Bennett
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science Technology Directive, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Paul K Sibley
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tian X, Yang W, Wang D, Zhao Y, Yao R, Ma L, Ge C, Li X, Huang Z, He L, Jiao W, Lin A. Chronic brain toxicity response of juvenile Chinese rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) to the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and nitenpyram. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:1006-1012. [PMID: 30208524 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid and nitenpyram are widely used neonicotinoid pesticides worldwide and were observed to adversely affect non-target aquatic organisms. In this study, the toxic effect of imidacloprid and nitenpyram on the brain of juvenile Chinese rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) was investigated by determining the oxidative stress, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) content and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities did not significantly change after long-term exposure to imidacloprid and nitenpyram. A noticeable increase of catalase (CAT) activities was observed on the brain tissues under 0.1 mg/L imidacloprid and under all nitenpyram treatments (p < 0.05). The malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased markedly under 2.0 mg/L imidacloprid and 0.1 mg/L nitenpyram treatments (p < 0.05). The glutathione (GSH) content in the brain significantly increased under 0.5 and 2.0 mg/L imidacloprid (p < 0.05). A significant decrease was observed in the mRNA levels of Cu/Zn-sod under 2.0 mg/L imidacloprid and those of cat under 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L nitenpyram (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of gpx1 clearly decreased under 2.0 mg/L imidacloprid and under 0.1 mg/L nitenpyram (p < 0.05). The treatments of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L nitenpyram decreased cat expression levels markedly (p < 0.05). 2.0 mg/L imidacloprid raised the 8-OHdG content. The AChE activities increased markedly under 0.5 and 2.0 mg/L imidacloprid while clearly decreasing under 2.0 mg/L nitenpyram (p < 0.05). Therefore, our results indicate that imidacloprid and nitenpyram might cause adverse effects on juvenile Chinese rare minnows brain. Notably, imidacloprid had greater impacts on juvenile rare minnows compared to nitenpyram.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tian
- Beijing City Environment Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Dong Wang
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Ruihua Yao
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Lekuan Ma
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Chazhong Ge
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Zeyu Huang
- School of International Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li He
- College of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wentao Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Aijun Lin
- Beijing City Environment Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Salerno J, Bennett CJ, Holman E, Gillis PL, Sibley PK, Prosser RS. Sensitivity of multiple life stages of 2 freshwater mussel species (Unionidae) to various pesticides detected in Ontario (Canada) surface waters. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2871-2880. [PMID: 30094868 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater mussels contribute important ecological functions to aquatic systems. The water filtered by mussel assemblages can improve water quality, and the mixing of sediments by burrowing mussels can improve oxygen content and release nutrients. However, nearly 70% of North American freshwater mussel species are listed as either endangered, threatened, or in decline. In Ontario, 28 species are in decline or in need of protection. Even though freshwater mussels have a heightened sensitivity to some contaminants, few studies have investigated the risks that various pesticide classes pose to one freshwater mussel species or among life stages. Lampsilis siliquoidea and Villosa iris were the focus of the present study, with the latter currently listed as of "special concern" in Canada. A potential risk to the recovery of freshwater mussel species is the presence and persistence of pesticides in Ontario surface waters. Acute (48 h) toxicity tests were performed with V. iris glochidia to determine the effect on viability (surrogate for survival) following exposure to 4 fungicides (azoxystrobin, boscalid, metalaxyl, and myclobutanil), 3 neonicotinoids (clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam), 2 carbamates (carbaryl and malathion), 1 organophosphate (chlorpyrifos), and 1 butenolide (flupyradifurone). Juvenile and adult L. siliquoidea were also exposed to azoxystrobin, clothianidin, imidacloprid (juvenile only), and carbaryl (adult only). Our study found in general that all life stages were insensitive to the pesticides tested, with median effect and lethal concentrations >161 µg/L. The pesticides tested likely represent a minimal risk (hazard quotients <5.4 × 10-3 ) to freshwater mussel viability and survival in acute (48 h) and subchronic (28 d) exposures, respectively, in Ontario streams where pesticide concentrations were considerably lower than those tested in the present study. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2871-2880. © 2018 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Salerno
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles J Bennett
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Holman
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia L Gillis
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul K Sibley
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bartlett AJ, Hedges AM, Intini KD, Brown LR, Maisonneuve FJ, Robinson SA, Gillis PL, de Solla SR. Lethal and sublethal toxicity of neonicotinoid and butenolide insecticides to the mayfly, Hexagenia spp. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:63-75. [PMID: 29544197 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are environmentally persistent and highly water-soluble, and thus are prone to leaching into surface waters where they may negatively affect non-target aquatic insects. Most of the research to date has focused on imidacloprid, and few data are available regarding the effects of other neonicotinoids or their proposed replacements (butenolide insecticides). The objective of this study was to assess the toxicity of six neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiacloprid, and dinotefuran) and one butenolide (flupyradifurone) to Hexagenia spp. (mayfly larvae). Acute (96-h), water-only tests were conducted, and survival and behaviour (number of surviving mayflies inhabiting artificial burrows) were assessed. Acute sublethal tests were also conducted with imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid, and in addition to survival and behaviour, mobility (ability to burrow into sediment) and recovery (survival and growth following 21 d in clean sediment) were measured. Sublethal effects occurred at much lower concentrations than survival: 96-h LC50s ranged from 780 μg/L (acetamiprid) to >10,000 μg/L (dinotefuran), whereas 96-h EC50s ranged from 4.0 μg/L (acetamiprid) to 630 μg/L (thiamethoxam). Flupyradifurone was intermediate in toxicity, with a 96-h LC50 of 2000 μg/L and a 96-h EC50 of 81 μg/L. Behaviour and mobility were impaired significantly and to a similar degree in sublethal exposures to 10 μg/L imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid, and survival and growth following the recovery period were significantly lower in mayflies exposed to 10 μg/L acetamiprid and thiacloprid, respectively. A suite of effects on mayfly swimming behaviour/ability and respiration were also observed, but not quantified, following exposures to imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid at 1 μg/L and higher. Imidacloprid concentrations measured in North American surface waters have been found to meet or exceed those causing toxicity to Hexagenia, indicating that environmental concentrations may adversely affect Hexagenia and similarly sensitive non-target aquatic species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne J Bartlett
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change, Burlington, ON, Canada.
| | - Amanda M Hedges
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Kyna D Intini
- Wildlife Landscape and Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa R Brown
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - France J Maisonneuve
- Wildlife Landscape and Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stacey A Robinson
- Wildlife Landscape and Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia L Gillis
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Shane R de Solla
- Wildlife Landscape and Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change, Burlington, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hladik ML, Corsi SR, Kolpin DW, Baldwin AK, Blackwell BR, Cavallin JE. Year-round presence of neonicotinoid insecticides in tributaries to the Great Lakes, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:1022-1029. [PMID: 29357997 PMCID: PMC6022824 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To better characterize the transport of neonicotinoid insecticides to the world's largest freshwater ecosystem, monthly samples (October 2015-September 2016) were collected from 10 major tributaries to the Great Lakes, USA. For the monthly tributary samples, neonicotinoids were detected in every month sampled and five of the six target neonicotinoids were detected. At least one neonicotinoid was detected in 74% of the monthly samples with up to three neonicotinoids detected in an individual sample (10% of all samples). The most frequently detected neonicotinoid was imidacloprid (53%), followed by clothianidin (44%), thiamethoxam (22%), acetamiprid (2%), and dinotefuran (1%). Thiacloprid was not detected in any samples. The maximum concentration for an individual neonicotinoid was 230 ng L-1 and the maximum total neonicotinoids in an individual sample was 400 ng L-1. The median detected individual neonicotinoid concentrations ranged from non-detect to 10 ng L-1. The detections of clothianidin and thiamethoxam significantly increased as the percent of cultivated crops in the basins increased (ρ = 0.73, P = .01; ρ = 0.66, P = .04, respectively). In contrast, imidacloprid detections significantly increased as the percent of the urbanization in the basins increased (ρ = 0.66, P = .03). Neonicotinoid concentrations generally increased in spring through summer coinciding with the planting of neonicotinoid-treated seeds and broadcast applications of neonicotinoids. More spatially intensive samples were collected in an agriculturally dominated basin (8 sites along the Maumee River, Ohio) twice during the spring, 2016 planting season to provide further information on neonicotinoid inputs to the Great Lakes. Three neonicotinoids were ubiquitously detected (clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam) in all water samples collected within this basin. Maximum individual neonicotinoid concentrations was 330 ng L-1 and maximum total neonicotinoid concentration was 670 ng L-1; median detected individual neonicotinoid concentrations were 7.0 to 39 ng L-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, 6000 J Street, Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA, 95819, USA.
| | - Steven R Corsi
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 8505 Research Way, Middleton, WI, 53562, USA.
| | - Dana W Kolpin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Illinois-Iowa Water Science Center, 400 S. Clinton Street, Iowa City, IA, 52240, USA.
| | - Austin K Baldwin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Water Science Center, 230 Collins Road, Boise, ID, 83702, USA.
| | - Brett R Blackwell
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, USA, 55804.
| | - Jenna E Cavallin
- Badger Technical Services, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, USA, 55804.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pickford DB, Finnegan MC, Baxter LR, Böhmer W, Hanson ML, Stegger P, Hommen U, Hoekstra PF, Hamer M. Response of the mayfly (Cloeon dipterum) to chronic exposure to thiamethoxam in outdoor mesocosms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1040-1050. [PMID: 29105812 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thiamethoxam is a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide that has been detected in surface water monitoring programs in North America and Europe. This has led to questions about its toxicity to nontarget insects, specifically those with an aquatic life stage. To address the uncertainty associated with possible impacts from environmental exposures, a chronic (35-d) outdoor mesocosm study with a formulated product containing thiamethoxam was conducted. The specific focus of the study was the response of mayflies (Ephemeroptera), which have been reported to be particularly sensitive in laboratory studies. A range of concentrations (nominally 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 µg/L thiamethoxam), plus untreated controls were tested, and the abundance and emergence of mayflies (Cloeon dipterum) were assessed weekly for 35 d. Mean measured time-weighted average exposures were within 6% of nominal over the duration of the study, with the mean half-life of thiamethoxam in each treatment ranging from 7 to 13 d. Statistically significant reductions in both larval abundance and adult emergence were observed at 10.0, 3.0, and 1.0 μg/L following 1, 2, and 3 wk of exposure, respectively. Exposure to 0.1 and 0.3 µg/L thiamethoxam had no statistically significant effect on larval mayfly abundance or adult emergence at any point in the study. These findings support a 35-d no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) of 0.3 µg thiamethoxam/L for mayflies (C. dipterum) under chronic conditions. Furthermore, because the 95th percentile of environmental concentrations has been reported to be 0.054 µg/L, these results indicate that populations of C. dipterum and similarly sensitive aquatic insects are unlikely to be significantly impacted by thiamethoxam exposure in natural systems represented by the conditions in our study. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1040-1050. © 2017 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Pickford
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| | - Meaghean C Finnegan
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| | | | - Walter Böhmer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Mark L Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Petra Stegger
- Institut für Gewässerschutz-Mesocosm, Homberg/Ohm, Germany
| | - Udo Hommen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Schmallenberg, Germany
| | | | - Mick Hamer
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hong X, Zhao X, Tian X, Li J, Zha J. Changes of hematological and biochemical parameters revealed genotoxicity and immunotoxicity of neonicotinoids on Chinese rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:862-871. [PMID: 29253827 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Adverse impacts of immunity in terrestrial non-target organisms exposed to neonicotinoid insecticides have been reported, but the causal link between insecticide exposure and possible immune alterations in fish remains limited. In the present study, the potential genotoxicity and immunotoxicity of three neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, nitenpyram, and dinotefuran) were assessed in Chinese rare minnows by using a 60-day chronic toxicity test. The hematological and biochemical parameters of juvenile Chinese rare minnows and changes in the transcription of six inflammation-related genes were determined after exposure to neonicotinoids at 0.1, 0.5, or 2.0 mg/L. A clear difference in the frequency of erythrocytes with micronuclei (MN) was observed after treatment with 2.0 mg/L imidacloprid (p < .05). Additionally, exposure to 0.5 or 2.0 mg/L imidacloprid significantly increased the binucleated (BN) erythrocytes and those with notched nuclei (NT) (p < .05). A serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) assay showed significant alterations in the serum protein in all treatments (p < .05), and further analysis indicated decreases in immunoglobulin (Ig) in treatments with 0.5 or 2.0 mg/L imidacloprid or dinotefuran or with 0.1 mg/L nitenpyram (p < .05). Moreover, a biochemical assay confirmed that immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were indeed significantly decreased upon treatment with imidacloprid or dinotefuran at 0.5 or 2.0 mg/L (p < .05). In addition, the transcriptional levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, INF-α, TNF-α, and IL-1β were markedly down-regulated after all imidacloprid treatments (p < .05), whereas the expression levels of only TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly down-regulated following the 0.5 and 2.0 mg/L dinotefuran treatments (p < .05). Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that imidacloprid, rather than nitenpyram and dinotefuran, can induce genotoxicity. The responsiveness of these immune indicators provides new insight into and evidence of the adverse effects of neonicotinoids on aquatic non-target organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing City Environment Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiasu Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Rodríguez-Liébana JA, Mingorance MD, Peña A. Thiacloprid adsorption and leaching in soil: Effect of the composition of irrigation solutions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:367-376. [PMID: 28806553 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pressure on groundwater resources has increased during the last decades due to the growing demand, especially in arid and semiarid regions, such as the Mediterranean basin, with frequent drought periods. In order to partially remediate this environmental problem of world concern, irrigation of agricultural lands with adequately treated wastewaters (TWW) is becoming a common management practice. The complex composition of these low-quality waters may influence the behavior of organic contaminants in soils. A calcareous soil with low organic carbon content was selected for the assessment of the adsorption and leaching of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid (THC). Different solutions were evaluated: TWW after a secondary treatment, a saline solution and solutions with a range of dissolved organic carbon concentration (DOC, 3-300mgL-1). The addition of an organic fertilizer (fertiormont) to the soil was also assessed, in an attempt to reduce THC mobility. Sorption of thiacloprid, a relatively polar pesticide, was similar under all the conditions considered, though an adsorption decrease was observed when DOC concentration increased. The transport of THC through soil columns was retarded with all the treatments, with the lower effects corresponding to TWW and the saline solution. Addition of fertiormont and irrigation with DOC at 3mgL-1 resulted in a reduction of pesticide leached (34% and 38%, respectively) in comparison with the control (66%), but surprisingly not for DOC at high concentration (55%), possibly due to co-elution of the pesticide with DOC. Therefore the transport of polar compounds, like THC, could be affected by the composition of the irrigation solutions, altering their impact to environmental water resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Rodríguez-Liébana
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Granada (CSIC-UGR), Avda. de las Palmeras, 4, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - M Dolores Mingorance
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Granada (CSIC-UGR), Avda. de las Palmeras, 4, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Peña
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Granada (CSIC-UGR), Avda. de las Palmeras, 4, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Finnegan MC, Baxter LR, Maul JD, Hanson ML, Hoekstra PF. Comprehensive characterization of the acute and chronic toxicity of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam to a suite of aquatic primary producers, invertebrates, and fish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:2838-2848. [PMID: 28493485 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid insecticide used widely in agriculture to control a broad spectrum of chewing and sucking insect pests. Recent detection of thiamethoxam in surface waters has raised interest in characterizing the potential impacts of this insecticide to aquatic organisms. We report the results of toxicity testing (acute and chronic) conducted under good laboratory practices for more than 30 freshwater species (insects, molluscs, crustaceans, algae, macrophytes, and fish) and 4 marine species (an alga, a mollusc, a crustacean, and a fish). As would be anticipated for a neonicotinoid, aquatic primary producers and fish were the least sensitive organisms tested, with acute median lethal and effect concentrations (LC50/EC50) observed to be ≥80 mg/L in all cases, which far exceeds surface water exposure concentrations. Tested molluscs, worms, and rotifers were similarly insensitive (EC50 ≥ 100 mg/L), except for Lumbriculus sp., with an EC50 of 7.7 mg/L. In general, insects were the most sensitive group in the study, with most acute EC50 values < 1 mg/L. However, the crustaceans Asellus aquaticus and Ostracoda exhibited a sensitivity similar to that of insects (acute EC50 < 1 mg/L), and the midge larvae Chaoborus sp. were relatively insensitive compared with other insects (EC50 > 5.5 mg/L). The most sensitive chronic response was for Chironomus riparius, with a 30-d no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC; emergence) of 0.01 mg/L. Observed toxicity to the tested marine organisms was comparable to that of freshwater species. We used the reported data to construct species sensitivity distributions for thiamethoxam, to calculate 5% hazard concentrations (HC5s) for acute data (freshwater invertebrates), and compared these with measured concentrations from relevant North American surface waters. Overall, based on acute toxicity endpoints, the potential acute risk to freshwater organisms was found to be minimal (likelihood of exceeding HC5s < 1%). Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2838-2848. © 2017 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meaghean C Finnegan
- Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mark L Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gillis PL, McInnis R, Salerno J, de Solla SR, Servos MR, Leonard EM. Municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent-induced effects on freshwater mussel populations and the role of mussel refugia in recolonizing an extirpated reach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:460-468. [PMID: 28318787 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Global human population and urbanization continually increase the volume of wastewater entering aquatic environments. Despite efforts to treat these effluents, they contribute a diverse suite of substances that enter watersheds at concentrations that have the potential to elicit adverse effects on aquatic organisms. The relationship between wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent exposure and biological responses within aquatic ecosystems remains poorly understood, especially at the population level. To examine the effect of WWTP effluents on sentinel invertebrates, freshwater mussels were assessed in the Grand River, Ontario, in populations associated with the outfall of a major WWTP. This watershed, within the Laurentian Great Lakes basin, has a diverse community of twenty-five species of mussels, including nine Species at Risk, and is representative of many habitats that receive WWTP effluents regionally as well as globally. Surveys were conducted to assess the presence and species richness of freshwater mussels. In total, 55 sites downstream of the WWTP were examined using timed visual searches with one or 2 h of effort spent searching 100 m segments. Although seven species of mussels were found in moderate abundance (mean of 8 mussels per hour of searching across 2 sites) upstream of the WWTP outfall, no live mussels were observed for 7.0 km downstream of the WWTP. Long-term water quality monitoring data indicate that ammonia and nitrite concentrations along with large seasonal declines in diel dissolved oxygen were associated with the extirpation of mussels downstream of the WWTP. The first live mussels found downstream were below the confluence with a major tributary indicating that in addition to an improvement in water quality to a state that enables mussels (and/or their fish hosts) to survive, a nearby mussel refuge may have facilitated the recolonization of the depauperate WWTP-impacted zone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Gillis
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada.
| | - Rodney McInnis
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Salerno
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Shane R de Solla
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Mark R Servos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Erin M Leonard
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Robinson SA, Richardson SD, Dalton RL, Maisonneuve F, Trudeau VL, Pauli BD, Lee-Jenkins SSY. Sublethal effects on wood frogs chronically exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of two neonicotinoid insecticides. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1101-1109. [PMID: 28248437 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are prophylactically used globally on a variety of crops, and there is concern for the potential impacts of neonicotinoids on aquatic ecosystems. The intensive use of pesticides on crops has been identified as a contributor to population declines of amphibians, but currently little is known regarding the sublethal effects of chronic neonicotinoid exposure on amphibians. The objective of the present study was to characterize the sublethal effect(s) of exposure to 3 environmentally relevant concentrations (1 μg/L, 10 μg/L, and 100 μg/L) of 2 neonicotinoids on larval wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) using outdoor mesocosms. We exposed tadpoles to solutions of 2 commercial formulations containing imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, and assessed survival, growth, and development. Exposure to imidacloprid at 10 μg/L and 100 μg/L increased survival and delayed completion of metamorphosis compared with controls. Exposure to thiamethoxam did not influence amphibian responses. There was no significant effect of any treatment on body mass or size of the metamorphs. The results suggest that current usage of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam does not pose a threat to wood frogs. However, further assessment of both direct and indirect effects on subtle sublethal endpoints, and the influence of multiple interacting stressors at various life stages, is needed to fully understand the effects of neonicotinoids on amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1101-1109. © 2017 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Robinson
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah D Richardson
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca L Dalton
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - France Maisonneuve
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce D Pauli
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stacey S Y Lee-Jenkins
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|