1
|
Feng S, Li X, Huang Z, Jiang C, Cheng X, Ma Y, Zhang F, Meng X. The Relationship between Burnout and Sense of School Belonging among the Resident Physicians in the Standardization Training in China. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2024; 29:2343515. [PMID: 38660991 PMCID: PMC11047212 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2024.2343515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an important part in medical training in graduate school, 33-month medical residency training could be a stressful period inducing burnout (i.e. emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment). Despite that existing literature has found that sense of belonging may have merits for residents' well-being, it has remained unclear how sense of school belonging affects burnout and the potential moderators. To address this question, a cross-sectional survey has been conducted among the residents of the physicians standardized residency training program in China. METHODS Seven hundred (N = 700) resident physicians from different majors (i.e. clinical medicine, clinical Stomatology, and Chinese medicine) and grades have participated in the survey. Resident's sense of school belonging was assessed with the psychological sense of school membership scale (PSSM, mean = 45.12, SD = 11.14). Burnout was measured by the 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS, mean = 65.80, SD = 15.89), including three subscales of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. RESULTS The results showed that over 80% of the residents reported moderate or high level of emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment during residency training. Meanwhile, higher level of sense of school belonging was associated with lower overall burnout (B = -0.722, p < 0.001), less emotional exhaustion, reduced depersonalization, and higher personal accomplishment. In particular, the benefits of sense of belonging seem more pronounced among female and those at earlier stage of residency. No interaction effect was found between sense of belonging and major, while those from Chinese medicine reported lower scores in overall burnout and the three dimensions. CONCLUSIONS Burnout was a prevalent issue among the resident physicians, and our findings confirmed the protective effects of sense of school belonging against burnout. Therefore, support service should be developed to cultivate resident's sense of school belonging and social connections, particularly for female and those at earlier stage of residency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Feng
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Graduate School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongxuan Huang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenqi Jiang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuying Ma
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianjun Meng
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gaume J, Carrard V, Berney S, Bourquin C, Berney A. Substance use and its association with mental health among Swiss medical students: A cross-sectional study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:808-817. [PMID: 38420921 PMCID: PMC11144353 DOI: 10.1177/00207640241232321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on mental health and substance use among medical students indicated worrying prevalence but have been mainly descriptive. AIM To evaluate the prevalence of substance use in a sample of medical students and investigate whether mental health variables have an influence on substance use. METHODS The data were collected as part of the first wave of the ETMED-L, an ongoing longitudinal open cohort study surveying medical students at the University of Lausanne (Switzerland). N = 886 students were included and completed an online survey including measures of mental health (depression, suicidal ideation, anxiety, stress, and burnout) and use of and risk related with several substances (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, stimulants, sedatives, hallucinogens, opioids, nonmedical prescription drugs, and neuroenhancement drugs). We evaluated the prevalence of use of each substance and then tested the association between mental health and substance use in an Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling framework. RESULTS Statistical indices indicated a four-factor solution for mental health and a three-factor solution for substance use. A factor comprising risk level for alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use - which were the most prevalent substances - was significantly associated with a burnout factor and a factor related to financial situation and side job stress. There was a significant association between a factor comprising depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation and a factor related to the use of sedatives, nonmedical prescription drugs and neuroenhancement drugs. Although their use was less prevalent, a factor comprising the risk level of stimulants and cocaine use was significantly but more mildly related to the burnout factor. A factor comprising stress related to studies and work/life balance as well as emotional exhaustion was not related to substance use factors. CONCLUSION In this sample of medical students, the prevalence of substance use was substantial and poorer mental health status was related with higher substance use risk levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Gaume
- Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Carrard
- Psychiatric Liaison Service, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Berney
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Bourquin
- Psychiatric Liaison Service, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Berney
- Psychiatric Liaison Service, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ilic I, Zivanovic Macuzic I, Ilic M. High risk of burnout syndrome and associated factors in medical students: A cross-sectional analytical study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304515. [PMID: 38820370 PMCID: PMC11142520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although research on burnout syndrome in medical students has increased in recent years, results are inconsistent about which factors are associated with a high risk for burnout syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of high risk of burnout syndrome and to identify factors associated with burnout in medical students in preclinical and clinical training. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Kragujevac, Serbia. The Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey and an epidemiological questionnaire on basic socio-demographic and academic characteristics were used. Statistical evaluation was performed through logistic regression analysis, using Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI). RESULTS Among medical students, no statistically significant differences were found in the prevalence of high risk of burnout syndrome in preclinical (14.8%) and clinical grade (15.1%), p > 0.05. High risk for burnout syndrome in preclinical study years was independently associated with the female sex (adjusted OR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.19-0.91, p = 0.028), and cigarette smoking (adjusted OR = 2.47, 95%CI = 1.05-5.78, p = 0.038). The high risk of burnout syndrome was associated with sedatives use (adjusted OR = 4.03, 95%CI = 1.27-12.73; p = 0.018) only in clinical years medical students. The frequency of alcohol consumption was correlated with the high risk of burnout syndrome in medical students in both preclinical and clinical training, but without statistical significance (both p for trend < 0.1). CONCLUSION There was a significant prevalence of burnout among medical students, with some modifiable associated factors revealed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Ilic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Zivanovic Macuzic
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milena Ilic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Z, Wu P, Hou Y, Guo J, Lin C. The effects of mindfulness-based interventions on alleviating academic burnout in medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1414. [PMID: 38802770 PMCID: PMC11129439 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-based interventions have been tested to be the effective approach for preventing/reducing burnout in medical students. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the scientific evidence and quantify the pooled effect of MBIs on the burnout syndrome in medical students. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the databases, including PubMed, Embase, ERIC, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), China National knowledge Information Database (CNKI) and WanFang Database from database inception to February 2023 using the terms of "mindfulness", "burnout" and "medical students". Two reviewers independently reviewed the studies, and extracted the data of the eligible studies, as well as assessed the risk of bias. A random-effects model was employed to calculate the standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of overall burnout and its sub-domains of burnout (i.e., emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and academic efficacy). RESULTS Of 316 records in total, nine studies (with 810 medical students) were ultimately included. The four RCT studies demonstrated an overall judgment of some concerns risk of bias, and the overall risk of biases of the five qRCT studies were judged as serious. In term of the SORT, the RCT and qRCT studies were evaluated as level 2 evidence, and the overall strength of recommendation was classified as B (limited-quality patient-oriented evidence). The pooled analysis showed that MBIs were associated with significant small to moderate improvements for medical students' overall burnout (SMD=-0.64; 95% CI [-1.12, -0.16]; P = 0.009) in the included four RCTs, emotional exhaustion (SMD=-0.27; 95% CI [-0.50, -0.03]; P = 0.03) and academic efficacy (SMD = 0.43; 95% CI [0.20, 0.66]; P<0.001) in the four qRCTs. CONCLUSIONS MBIs can serve as an effective approach for reducing burnout symptoms in medical students. Future high-quality studies with a larger sample size and robust randomized controlled trial methodologies should be obtained to reinforce the effectiveness of MBIs for reducing academic burnout in medical students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhuo Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Health, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, University town, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Peiyun Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Health, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, University town, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Yutong Hou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Health, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, University town, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Pediatrics, Kunming Medical University, No. 1168 Chunrong West Road, Yuhua Street, Kunming, Yunnan, 650504, China
| | - Cheng Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Health, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, University town, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wadi M, Shorbagi A, Shorbagi S, Taha MH, Bahri Yusoff MS. The impact of the Systematic Assessment for Resilience (SAR) framework on students' resilience, anxiety, depression, burnout, and academic-related stress: a quasi-experimental study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:506. [PMID: 38715022 PMCID: PMC11077819 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students face significant psychological stress, impacting their academic performance and well-being. The Systematic Assessment for Resilience (SAR) framework is designed to enhance resilience and mitigate stress among medical students, addressing the need for interventions within the assessment system in medical education. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation of SAR framework on medical students' resilience, anxiety, depression, burnout, and academic stress. METHODS This study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-testing. It involved the training of course coordinators in implementing the SAR framework and its integration into the daily learning activities. Fourth-year medical students were assessed before and after the intervention using standardized measures of resilience, anxiety, depression, burnout, and academic stress. Data were analyzed using quantitative methods and thematic analysis for qualitative feedback. RESULTS Post-intervention, students demonstrated a significant increase in resilience scores (p < 0.001) and a notable decrease in measures of anxiety, depression, and academic stress (p < 0.001). The burnout types were also statistically different (p < 0.001) except client-related burnout (p > 0.05). Qualitative feedback of the course coordinators highlighted an improved learning environment, increased coping strategies, and a more supportive academic culture. CONCLUSION The SAR framework significantly contributes to enhancing medical students' resilience and reducing psychological distress. Its implementation suggests a promising approach to fostering a supportive educational environment that not only addresses the psychological challenges faced by medical students but also enhances their academic performance and overall well-being. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term impacts of SAR across different medical education contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majed Wadi
- Medical Education Department, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali Shorbagi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sarra Shorbagi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Hassan Taha
- College of Medicine and Medical Education Center, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff
- Medical Education Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Winter ML, Olivia SG. A Scoping Review of Mental Health Needs and Challenges among Medical Students within South African Universities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:593. [PMID: 38791806 PMCID: PMC11120686 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The mental health of medical students is a growing concern worldwide, with studies indicating high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression among this population. In a South African context, this review aims to review the existing literature on mental health needs and challenges among medical students in South Africa. The rationale for this review is crucial to identify gaps, understand unique contextual factors, and inform the development of targeted interventions and support tailored to the specific needs of South African medical students. This review followed a scoping review framework by Arksey and O'Malley which consists of five stages. The review was initiated in December 2023. The search process was conducted on the following electronic databases: PubMed, Psych-info, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. The search terms of this review were "Medical students" OR "Mental health", OR "Challenges", OR "South Africa", OR "Universities" OR "Needs", OR "Support systems", OR "Mental health interventions". This study included articles published in English between 2010 and 2023. After a thorough review of the literature, only eight articles met the inclusion criteria. This study excluded articles that were not published in English, articles published before 2010, full-text articles that could not be retrieved, and studies that did not address the mental health needs and challenges faced by medical students and risk factors contributing to mental issues among South African medical students. The review yielded only three themes utilizing Creswell's Tesch method of data analysis. (1) Prevalence of mental health disorders, (2) risk factors contributing to poor mental health, and (3) available university support systems and interventions. Therefore, the unique aspect of our review lies in shedding light on the underexplored intersections between mental health and the unique context of medical education in South Africa. This includes examining the impact of historical, cultural, and institutional factors on the mental health and well-being of medical students, which has not been comprehensively addressed in previous literature in terms of the South African context. The findings of this review highlight the importance of implementing comprehensive mental health support programs within medical education institutions to address the needs of students and promote their well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mokhwelepa Leshata Winter
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa;
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang X, Yang M, Ren L, Wang Q, Liang S, Li Y, Li Y, Zhan Q, Huang S, Xie K, Liu J, Li X, Wu S. Burnout and depression in college students. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115828. [PMID: 38518519 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Research on burnout has garnered considerable attention since its inception. However, the ongoing debate persists regarding the conceptual model of burnout and its relationship with depression. Thus, we conducted a network analysis to determine the dimensional structure of burnout and the burnout-depression overlap. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used to measure burnout and depression among 1096 college students. We constructed networks for burnout, depression, and a burnout-depression co-occurrence network. The results showed that cynicism symptom was the most central to the burnout network. In the co-occurrence network, depressive symptoms ("anhedonia", "fatigue") and burnout symptom ("doubting the significance of studies") were the most significant in causing burnout-depression comorbidity. Community detection revealed three communities within burnout symptoms, aligning closely with their three dimensions identified through factor analysis. Additionally, there was no overlap between burnout and depression. In conclusion, our findings support a multidimensional structure of burnout, affirming it as a distinct concept separate from depression. Cynicism, rather than exhaustion, plays the most important role in burnout and the burnout-depression comorbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianyang Wang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengyuan Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Military Psychology Section, Logistics University of PAP, 300309, Tianjin, China; Military Mental Health Services & Research Center, 300309, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingyi Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuyi Liang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yahong Li
- Air Force Hospital of Central Theater Command, 037006, Datong, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Li
- Academic Affair Office, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingchen Zhan
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shen Huang
- Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, 710000, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kangning Xie
- School of Military Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Outpatient, 986 Hospital of Air Force, 710054, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinhong Li
- Department of General Practice, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lu CP, Dijk SW, Pandit A, Kranenburg L, Luik AI, Hunink MGM. The effect of mindfulness-based interventions on reducing stress in future health professionals: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:765-792. [PMID: 37527644 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Students in health professions often face high levels of stress due to demanding academic schedules, heavy workloads, disrupted work-life balance, and sleep deprivation. Addressing stress during their education can prevent negative consequences for their mental health and the well-being of their future patients. Previous reviews on the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) focused on working health professionals or included a wide range of intervention types and durations. This study aims to investigate the effect of 6- to 12-week MBIs with 1- to 2-h weekly sessions on stress in future health professionals. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials published in English by searching Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PsycINFO. We used post-intervention stress levels and standard deviations to assess the ability of MBIs to reduce stress, summarized by the standardized mean difference (SMD). This review is reported according to the PRISMA checklist (2020). We identified 2932 studies, of which 11 were included in the systematic review and 10 had sufficient data for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The overall effect of MBIs on reducing stress was a SMD of 0.60 (95% CI [0.27, 0.94]). Our study provides evidence that MBIs have a moderate reducing effect on stress in students in health professions; however, given the high risk of bias, these findings should be interpreted with caution, and further high-quality studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ping Lu
- Netherlands Institute for Health Sciences (NIHES), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stijntje W Dijk
- Netherlands Institute for Health Sciences (NIHES), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aradhana Pandit
- Netherlands Institute for Health Sciences (NIHES), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonieke Kranenburg
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie I Luik
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Trimbos Institute, The Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M G Myriam Hunink
- Netherlands Institute for Health Sciences (NIHES), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Health Decision Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Campillo P, de Arellano FR, Gómez IC, Jiménez N, Boada-Grau J, Rojas LV. Addressing medical student burnout through informal peer-assisted learning: a correlational analysis. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:460. [PMID: 38671400 PMCID: PMC11055289 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the recognized advantages of Peer-Assisted Learning (PAL) in academic settings, there is a notable absence of research analyzing its effects on students' Academic Burnout. This study aims to cover this gap by assessing the underlying effectiveness of Informal Peer-Assisted Learning (IPAL) as a cooperative learning method, focusing on its potential to mitigate academic burnout among medical students. METHODS In 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted at the School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, in Puerto Rico. The research team gathered data from 151 participants, 49.19% of 307 total student body. This cohort included 76 female students, 71 male students, and 4 individuals saying other. The School Burnout Inventory questionnaire (SBI-9) was employed to assess Academic Burnout, along with an added query about self-reported IPAL. The SBI-9 underwent validation processes to ascertain its reliability and validity, incorporating the Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Following this, the investigators conducted an analysis to determine the correlation between academic burnout levels and involvement in IPAL. RESULTS The validation process of the questionnaire affirmed its alignment with an eight-item inventory, encapsulating two principal factors that elucidate academic burnout. The first factor pertains to exhaustion, while the second encompasses the combined subscales of cynicism and inadequacy. The questionnaire shows high reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.829) and good fit indices (Comparative Fit Index = 0.934; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.902; Standardized Root Mean Squared Residual = 0.0495; Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation = 0.09791; p-value < 0.001). The factors proven in the selected model were used to evaluate the correlation between Academic Burnout and IPAL. Students engaged in IPAL showed significantly lower academic burnout prevalence compared to those who never participated in such practices, with a mean academic burnout score of 44.75% (SD 18.50) for IPAL engaged students versus 54.89% (SD 23.71) for those who never engaged in such practices (p-value < 0.013). Furthermore, within the group engaged in IPAL, students displayed lower levels of cynicism/inadequacy 41.98% (SD 23.41) compared to exhaustion 52.25% (SD 22.42) with a p-value < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study underscore a notable issue of academic burnout among medical students within the surveyed cohort. The investigation reveals a significant correlation between Academic Burnout and IPAL, suggesting that incorporating IPAL strategies may be beneficial in addressing burnout in medical education settings. However, further research is needed to explore potential causal mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Campillo
- School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, USA
| | | | - Isabel C Gómez
- Cellular-Molecular Biology Dept, University of Puerto Rico (RP), San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Natalia Jiménez
- Interdisciplinary Sciences Dept, University of Puerto Rico (RP), San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Joan Boada-Grau
- Education Sciences and Psychology Dept, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Av. Catalunya, 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Legier V Rojas
- Physiology Dept. School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, 100 Av. Laurel, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, 00956, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen H, Xuan H, Cai J, Liu M, Shi L. The impact of empathy on medical students: an integrative review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:455. [PMID: 38664799 PMCID: PMC11047033 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Empathy is considered the ability to understand or feel others emotions or experiences. As an important part of medical education, empathy can affect medical students in many ways. It is still lacking a comprehensive evaluation of the existing articles on empathy's impact on medical students, despite the existence of many articles on the topic. OBJECTIVES To summarize the impact of empathy on medical students during medical education from four perspectives: mental health, academic performance, clinical competence, and specialty preference. METHODS The search terms used for retrieval were "empathy", "medical student", "mental health", "depression", "anxiety", "burnout", "examinations", "academic performance", "clinical competence", "specialty preference" on PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science before January 2024. The search was carried out by two reviewers. Titles and abstracts were screened independently and reviewed based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. A consensus was drawn on which articles were included. RESULTS Our results indicated that high empathy was a positive factor for mental health, However, students with high affective empathy were more likely to suffer from depression, anxiety, and burnout. Empathy was found to be unrelated to academic performance, but positively correlated with clinical competence, particularly in terms of communication skills. Medical students with high levels of empathy tended to prefer people-oriented majors. CONCLUSIONS Medical students who score higher on the self-reported empathy scales often have better mental health, better communication skills, and tend to choose people-oriented specialties. But empathy is not related to academic performance. Additionally, the different dimensions of empathy have different impacts on medical students. It is necessary to design targeted courses and training for medical students to enhance their empathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Hanwen Xuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Jinquan Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Meichen Liu
- Modern Educational Technology Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Carrard V, Berney S, Bourquin C, Ranjbar S, Castelao E, Schlegel K, Gaume J, Bart PA, Schmid Mast M, Preisig M, Berney A. Mental health and burnout during medical school: Longitudinal evolution and covariates. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295100. [PMID: 38626104 PMCID: PMC11020803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students' rate of depression, suicidal ideation, anxiety, and burnout have been shown to be higher than those of the same-age general population. However, longitudinal studies spanning the whole course of medical school are scarce and present contradictory findings. This study aims to analyze the longitudinal evolution of mental health and burnout from the first to the last year of medical school using a wide range of indicators. Moreover, biopsychosocial covariates that can influence this evolution are explored. METHOD In an open cohort study design, 3066 annual questionnaires were filled in by 1595 different students from the first to the sixth year of the Lausanne Medical School (Switzerland). Depression symptoms, suicidal ideation, anxiety symptoms, stress, and burnout were measured along with biopsychosocial covariates. The longitudinal evolution of mental health and burnout and the impact of covariates were modelled with linear mixed models. RESULTS Comparison to a same-aged general population sample shows that medical students reported significantly more depression symptoms and anxiety symptoms. Medical students' mental health improved during the course of the studies in terms of depression symptoms, suicidal ideation, and stress, although suicidal ideation increased again in the last year and anxiety symptoms remained stable. Conversely, the results regarding burnout globally showed a significant worsening from beginning to end of medical school. The covariates most strongly related to better mental health and less burnout were less emotion-focused coping, more social support, and more satisfaction with health. CONCLUSION Both improvement of mental health and worsening of burnout were observed during the course of medical school. This underlines that the beginning and the end of medical school bring specific challenges with the first years' stressors negatively impacting mental health and the last year's difficulties negatively impacting burnout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Carrard
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Liaison Service, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Berney
- Department of Psychiatry, Service of General Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Bourquin
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Liaison Service, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Setareh Ranjbar
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Centre, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enrique Castelao
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Centre, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katja Schlegel
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Gaume
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Bart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Schmid Mast
- Faculty of Business and Economics (HEC Lausanne), Department of Organizational Behavior, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Centre, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Berney
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Liaison Service, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rometsch C, Mansueto G, Ceccatelli S, Cosci F. The moderating role of stigma in the relationship between depression and resilience: results of a cross-sectional study in university students. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1392381. [PMID: 38686087 PMCID: PMC11056522 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1392381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/objective Depression is a growing concern in university students and resilience has shown to play a protective role. The impact of stigma is still under-explored, with reference to its moderating role between depression and resilience. The present study investigate such a relationship among Italian university students. Methods A cross-sectional design was applied in a simple of 1,912 students to examine the interrelationships between depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), resilience (Nicholson McBride Resilience questionnaire), and stigma (Stigma-9). Correlation, predictor, and moderation analyses were applied in RStudio. Results A negative correlation was found between depressive symptoms and resilience (r = -0.455, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between depressive symptoms and stigma (r = 0.207, p < 0.001). Lower levels of resilience and higher levels of stigma were significant predictors of depressive symptoms [F(df, n) = 190.8(3, 1884), p < 0.001, R2 = 0.236]. The moderation analysis showed a weakening of resilience protective effect against depression as stigma levels increase [F(df,n) = 186.7(3,1908), p < 0.001, R2 = 0.226]. Conclusion Stigma influences the relationship between depression and resilience. Anti-stigma interventions and programs empowering resilience, should be implemented in university settings to protect students from depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Rometsch
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mansueto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Ceccatelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Cosci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zakerkish M, Shakurnia A, Hafezi A, Maniati M. Association between burnout and empathy in medical residents. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301636. [PMID: 38593142 PMCID: PMC11003688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is a work-related syndrome that can affect physicians' performance. Empathy is one of the clinical competencies in whose formation many factors play a role. Empathy and burnout are important topics of research in medical sciences, and both are related to the communication between the patient and the physician. This study investigated the relationship between occupational burnout and empathy among medical residents. METHOD This cross-sectional study was conducted on 297 medical residents in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences from January to March 2021. The data collection tools were the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The reliability of the instruments was measured by calculating Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed by SPSS-18, using the Pearson correlation test and linear regression models. RESULTS The average age of the study population was 33.06 ±4.7 years, with more than half being females (57.6%) and married (51.9%). The residents' mean scores of empathy and overall burnout were 102.87 out of 140 and 55.90 out of 132, respectively. The burnout scores showed an inverse correlation with the overall empathy scores (r = -0.123, P = 0.035), and the score of standing in the patient's shoes (r = -0.165, P = 0.004). Linear regression test was used to detect which dimension of empathy was a better predictor for the reduction of burnout scores. Results showed that the best predictor was standing in the patient's shoes (P = 0.014). CONCLUSION The findings showed a negative association between empathy and burnout among medical residents, which suggests the need for adjustment of the existing burnout management at the institutional level. Therefore, residents should be supported by managers to reduce burnout and improve their empathic behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Zakerkish
- Departments of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abdolhussein Shakurnia
- Departments of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Hafezi
- General Physician, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- Department of General Courses, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Di Vincenzo M, Arsenio E, Della Rocca B, Rosa A, Tretola L, Toricco R, Boiano A, Catapano P, Cavaliere S, Volpicelli A, Sampogna G, Fiorillo A. Is There a Burnout Epidemic among Medical Students? Results from a Systematic Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:575. [PMID: 38674221 PMCID: PMC11052230 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Medical students represent the ideal target group for promoting mental health and mental wellbeing, being exposed to specific risk factors, such as the content of medical training, the exposure to sickness and death, and a stressful academic routine. Medical students report high levels of cynicism and emotional exhaustion, which represent two of the essential features of burnout syndrome. In this systematic review, studies assessing the levels of burnout among medical students through validated tools worldwide were analyzed. Materials and Methods: A systematic review has been performed in order to identify studies: (1) focusing on samples of medical students; (2) evaluating burnout syndrome using validated tools; (3) providing prevalence data on burnout; and (4) written in English. Results: Out of the 5547 papers initially obtained, 64 were finally included in the analysis. The sample sizes ranged from 51 to 2682 participants. Almost all studies had a cross-sectional design; the Maslach Burnout Inventory and its related versions were the most frequently used assessment tools. The prevalence of burnout, which was stratified based on gender and academic stage, ranged from 5.6 to 88%. Burnout was mostly predicted by thoughts of stopping medical education, negative life events, lack of support, dissatisfaction, and poor motivation. Conclusions: The prevalence of burnout syndrome in medical students is quite heterogeneous, reaching a peak of 88% in some countries. However, several predictors have been identified, including negative life events or poor motivation. These findings highlight the need to develop preventive interventions targeting the future generation of medical doctors, in order to improve their coping strategies and resilience styles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy (S.C.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shen H, Wu H, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Cheng B, Wang M, Liu X. Self-reported perceptions of ethical and professional expectations of medical students in China and the influence of voluntary work during the COVID-19: a survey on "Five Characteristics". Sci Rep 2024; 14:7387. [PMID: 38548870 PMCID: PMC10978824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57992-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In the post-pandemic era, there is a need for medical professionals with creativity, clinical expertise, and social responsibility. The Chinese government issued a directive to enhance the "Five Characteristics" perceptions of medical students, incorporating moral integrity and adeptness in saving lives and aiding the injured, embracing a compassionate approach to medical practice, possessing the knowledge essential for academic distinction, mastering technical expertise, and the artistry of applying scientific methodologies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the opinions related to ethics and professional behaviors of medical students at one Chinese medical school using a validated 19-item survey instrument and analyze its influencing factors. We conducted a survey in a medical university in Anhui Province, China, and collected 1966 valid questionnaires using the "Five Characteristics Rating Scale". The results indicated high perceptions of "Five Characteristics" among Chinese medical students (85.42 ± 8.727). Lower-grade-year medical students (86.59 ± 7.888) had higher "Five Characteristics" perceptions than upper-grade-year medical students (84.29 ± 9.327, P < 0.05). In addition, medical students experiencing voluntary work during the COVID-19 pandemic showed higher perceptions (86.21 ± 8.357) than those without such experience (85.13 ± 8.842, P < 0.05). Grade year and voluntary work experience during the COVID-19 pandemic were influencing factors of "Five Characteristics" perceptions. Our research offers a theoretical foundation for governments and medical schools to cultivate doctors with high ethical standards and professional expectations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Hongyu Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengyang Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Beiping Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Minao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xuefei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Edmonds DM, Zayts-Spence O, Fortune Z, Chan A, Chou JSG. A scoping review to map the research on the mental health of students and graduates during their university-to-work transitions. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076729. [PMID: 38443080 PMCID: PMC11146370 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This scoping review maps the extant literature on students' and graduates' mental health experiences throughout their university-to-work transitions. The current review investigates the methodological features of the studies, the main findings, and the theories that the studies draw on to conceptualise mental health and transitions. DESIGN This project used a scoping review methodology created and developed by Peters and colleagues and the Joanna Briggs Institute. The review searched academic databases and screened existing studies that met predetermined inclusion criteria. DATA SOURCES Seven academic databases and Google Scholar were searched with sets of search terms. ELIGIBILITY The included studies examined participants who were final-year university students or those who had graduated from university within a 3-year period. Studies published in English since 2000 and from any country were included. The review included studies examining the negative dimensions of mental health. The review excluded studies focusing on medical students and graduates. DATA EXTRACTION Basic information about the studies and their findings on mental health and university-to-work transitions was retrieved. The findings are presented in tables and in a qualitative thematic summary. RESULTS The scoping review included 12 studies. Mental health was often not explicitly defined and it's theoretical foundations were not clearly articulated. The review identified factors, including a lack of social support and economic precarity, as sources of adverse mental health. Other protective factors in these studies-variables that guard against mental health problems-were identified, such as career preparedness and having a good job. CONCLUSIONS Despite the methodological focus on the negative aspects of mental health, people's mental health experiences during university-to-work transitions are not uniformly negative. Clear conceptualisations of mental health in future studies will aid in developing resources to improve well-being. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This scoping review adhered to a protocol previously published in this journal and that is registered on the Open Science Framework website (https://osf.io/gw86x).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zoë Fortune
- School of English, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Dubai, Dubai, UAE
| | - Angus Chan
- School of English, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
O'Connor S. Over twenty years of pedagogical research from Nurse Education in Practice: A bibliometric analysis from 2001 to 2023. Nurse Educ Pract 2024; 76:103912. [PMID: 38401344 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.103912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
AIM To present a bibliometric overview of pedagogical research from Nurse Education in Practice from its inception in 2001 up until 2023. BACKGROUND Bibliometric methods are useful in analysing and understanding the characteristics of scientific publications in a particular field and the influence of specific journals. However, no bibliometric analysis of a nurse education journal has been undertaken to date which would highlight important research trends in this area of nursing and midwifery. METHODS A total of 2231 publications (articles and reviews only) from Nursing Education in Practice were retrieved from the Scopus database between 2001 and 2023. Several software applications including Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer were used to undertake bibliometric analysis on this dataset. Publication trends such as country analysis, author analysis, keywords analyses (cluster, content and trend analysis) were generated to help understand the volume and scope of pedagogical nursing and midwifery research in this journal. RESULTS There has been a steady increase in pedagogical research from Nurse Education in Practice since its launch in 2001 up until 2018, with a dip in publications in 2022 most likely due to the impact of restrictions during the coronavirus pandemic. The most prolific institutions publishing in the journal are mainly from the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States, with over eighty countries represented demonstrating its global reach and impact. Nursing students, nursing education, simulation and learning are some of the most frequent author keywords. CONCLUSION The diversity of pedagogies in nursing and midwifery education, clinical learning and supervision in practice environments, and competence and confidence when transitioning to practice are the most popular research areas in Nurse Education in Practice. This study informs nurse and midwife educators and scholars about the volume and scope of pedagogical research in nursing and midwifery. It also makes recommendations on how to improve aspects of scholarship in education and areas for future pedagogical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan O'Connor
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nebhinani N, Kuppili PP, Mamta. Feasibility and effectiveness of stress management skill training in medical students. Med J Armed Forces India 2024; 80:140-144. [PMID: 38525462 PMCID: PMC10954490 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is limited literature on stress management interventions targeting Indian medical undergraduates. With this background, the study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of stress management intervention on perceived stress, coping and burnout amongst first-year medical undergraduates. Methods It was a quasi-experimental study assessing the effect of "Comprehensive Stress Management Skill Training Program". This intervention emphasized on self-awareness of early warning signs of stress, adopting a healthy lifestyle, developing assertiveness at work, maintaining work-life balance. The stress reduction techniques mainly consisted of deep breathing exercises, progressive muscular relaxation and visualization. It was delivered by a team of a psychiatrist and a nurse to hundred first year medical undergraduate students. Medical Students Stressor Questionnaire, Brief COPE Questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey were applied for assessment of perceived stress, burn out, and coping, respectively, at baseline, finish of one and three months of intervention. Results Significant improvement was noted in academic stress, interpersonal-related stress, teaching learning-related stress, and total stress scores, emotional exhaustion, and emotion-focused coping at the end of the three months of intervention. Positive feedback about the intervention was given by majority of the students. Conclusion Stress management intervention was found to be feasible and effective in improving stress, coping, and emotional exhaustion in first year medical students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Nebhinani
- Additional Professor (Psychiatry), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pooja Patnaik Kuppili
- Senior Clinical Fellow, Black Country Healthcare Foundation NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Mamta
- Lecturer, College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Blalock AE, Ozdemir S, Garcia AJ, Lyons EG. "The faculty was really hearing what I had to say and really validating who I was": Learning from validation theory to support students of colour in undergraduate medical education. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024. [PMID: 38376060 DOI: 10.1111/medu.15364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students of colour face numerous challenges during their undergraduate training period, reflecting the harmful norms and cultures in the learning context of medical school. Despite negative experiences for students of colour in medicine, there are episodes of support and encouragement that come from faculty or staff. This asset-based qualitative study uses Rendón's Validation Theory to illuminate specific ways faculty at a community-based medical college support medical students of colour, thereby challenging structural injustices in medical school. METHODS This study is grounded in a humanising and asset-based perspective, where participants are viewed as legitimate knowers from whom researchers can learn. Twenty-four medical students of colour and 14 faculty identified by students as supportive participated in five focus groups where participants shared how they felt validated and supported during their undergraduate medical school experiences. Inductive open-coding followed by deductive thematic coding using Validation Theory-a theory that describes how external validation is a necessary component of fostering students' personal and academic drive-and literature about the context of medical school informed the three findings. FINDINGS Three major themes provide examples of ways faculty validated students. First, participants indicated the importance of acknowledging identities and experiences to understand the socio, historical and cultural context of learning. Second, participants implored the value of giving praise and offering encouragement to work against professional expectations. Finally, participants shared the intimacy of fostering personal relationships to reduce hierarchies. CONCLUSION This study offers concrete guidance on teaching practices faculty can use to support students of colour. As medical schools may seek to move toward a more student-centred approach, promoting feelings of validation for students of colour can be a key practice in teaching and learning to ensure support for medical students throughout their medical school journey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Emiko Blalock
- Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Sevil Ozdemir
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ozan KG, McGough JEG, Gabel J, Snow M, Michel N, Cooper L, Robinson K. Identified strategies to mitigate medical student mental health and burnout symptoms. J Osteopath Med 2024; 124:95-96. [PMID: 37787378 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2023-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn G Ozan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine at Rocky Vista University, Greenwood Village, CO, USA
| | - Julianne E G McGough
- College of Osteopathic Medicine at Rocky Vista University, Greenwood Village, CO, USA
| | - Jaelyn Gabel
- College of Osteopathic Medicine at Rocky Vista University, Greenwood Village, CO, USA
| | - Michaela Snow
- College of Osteopathic Medicine at Rocky Vista University, Greenwood Village, CO, USA
| | - Nastassja Michel
- College of Osteopathic Medicine at Rocky Vista University, Greenwood Village, CO, USA
| | - Laura Cooper
- College of Osteopathic Medicine at Rocky Vista University, Greenwood Village, CO, USA
| | - Kären Robinson
- Student Affairs at Rocky Vista University, Greenwood Village, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wan Z, Tang J, Bai X, Cao Y, Zhang D, Su T, Zhou Y, Qiao L, Shen K, Wang L, Tian X, Wang J. Burnout among radiology residents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:1399-1407. [PMID: 37589905 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09986-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of burnout among radiology residents. METHOD Five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus) were searched for studies reporting burnout in radiology residents for the period up to November 7, 2022. RESULTS A total of 423 studies were identified, and eventually, 16 studies were selected for the qualitative analysis, of which 11 studies were used in the meta-analysis. There was a total of 2164 radiology residents. Six studies reported the prevalence of burnout but the data could not be pooled due to their inconsistent definitions of burnout. The mean scores of three burnout subscales indicated a moderate to high degree of severity: emotional exhaustion = 25.2 (95% CI, 22.1-28.3; I2 = 94.4%), depersonalization = 10.2 (95% CI, 8.5-11.9; I2 = 93.0%), and low perception of personal accomplishment = 32.9 (95% CI, 30.5-35.4; I2 = 94.4%). The pooled prevalence of high-degree emotional exhaustion was 49.9% (95% CI, 43.6-56.1%; I2 = 55.7%), high-degree depersonalization was 45.1% (95% CI, 38.3-52.0%; I2 = 63.2%), and high-degree diminished personal accomplishment was 58.2% (95% CI, 36.0-77.6%; I2 = 84.9%). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiology residents was not investigated. In addition, there are inconsistent findings on the effects of female sex, seniority, and social support on burnout. CONCLUSIONS About half of the radiology residents showed at least one of the three burnout manifestations (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment), with a moderate to high degree of severity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Such a high prevalence and severity of burnout among radiology residents warrant the attention of residency program directors. KEY POINTS • Burnout, not uncommon among radiology residents, has not been effectively analyzed. • Nearly half of the radiology residents experience at least one of the three manifestations of burnout to a moderate to high degree. • The high prevalence and severe degree of burnout among radiology residents warrant the attention of residency program directors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Wan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Eight-year program, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jieying Tang
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyin Bai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yihan Cao
- Department of Radiology, Mass General Brigham Salem Hospital, 81 Highland Avenue, Salem, MA, 01970, USA
| | - Dingding Zhang
- Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Su
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yangzhong Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Qiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kaini Shen
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinlun Tian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinglan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ramos‐Vidal I, Ruíz É. The role of self-compassion and compassion toward others in burnout syndrome in a sample of medical students. Psych J 2024; 13:113-123. [PMID: 37905913 PMCID: PMC10917092 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Burnout produces negative effects on academic performance, and, in turn, feelings of inefficiency that are detrimental to students' psychosocial well-being. The aim of this research is to determine the effects that self-compassion and compassion toward others have on various burnout dimensions in a sample of medical students. A total of 235 medical students (61.7% women) aged between 16 and 32 years old (M = 19.82; SD = 2.37) belonging to a Colombian university participated. A cluster analysis to segment the population according to burnout was carried out along with nonparametric contrasts to identify differences in the levels of self-compassion and compassion toward others between each profile. A series of regression analyses was designed to find out how each type of compassion was associated with burnout on each profile. The cluster analysis allowed us to identify three profiles. The low-involvement profile (n = 51) is characterized by low depersonalization, intermediate levels of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment and exhibits low levels of self-compassion and compassion fatigue compared with the other profiles. The positive-adaptation profile (n = 104) is characterized by low depersonalization levels, intermediate degrees of emotional exhaustion and high levels of personal accomplishment and exhibits the highest levels of self-compassion and compassion fatigue compared with the other profiles. The high-demand profile (n = 104) is characterized by intermediate depersonalization levels, medium-high levels of emotional exhaustion and high levels of personal accomplishment and exhibits intermediate levels of self-compassion and low levels of compassion fatigue. Establishing profiles based on burnout allows students to be segmented and for precise knowledge to be acquired about the effects that both types of compassion have on the dimensions of burnout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Ramos‐Vidal
- Departamento de Psicología SocialUniversidad de Sevilla, Facultad de PsicologíaSevillaSpain
| | - Érika Ruíz
- Facultad de PsicologíaUniversidad Pontificia BolivarianaMonteriaColombia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abraham A, Chaabna K, Sheikh JI, Mamtani R, Jithesh A, Khawaja S, Cheema S. Burnout increased among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2569. [PMID: 38297145 PMCID: PMC10831088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Generally, university students are at risk of burnout. This likely was exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to investigate burnout prevalence among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine its distribution across countries, sexes, fields of study, and time-period. PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, World Health Organization's Global COVID-19 database, Scopus, Epistemonikos, ERIC and Google Scholar were searched (protocol: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/BYRXW ). Studies were independently screened and extracted. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed. Study quality was appraised, and certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. We identified 44 primary studies comprising 26,500 students. Global prevalence rates were 56.3% for high emotional exhaustion (EE), 55.3% for high cynicism (CY) and 41.8% for low personal accomplishment (PA). Prevalence of EE, CY, and PA domains varied significantly across fields of study, countries and WHO and World Bank regions, but not sex. All studies demonstrated good internal validity, although substantial heterogeneity existed between studies. The certainty of evidence was rated as moderate. Considering its potentially severe consequences, burnout is a significant public health concern. The development and implementation of evidence-based localized interventions at organizational and individual levels are necessary to mitigate burnout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Abraham
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Karima Chaabna
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Javaid I Sheikh
- Office of the Dean, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ravinder Mamtani
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anupama Jithesh
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salina Khawaja
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sohaila Cheema
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cole JD, Ruble MJ, Jacoby JL, Smith AB, Duka S, Kincaid H, Quinn JF. Longitudinal Assessment of Empathy and Burnout Across a Single Pharmacy Class Cohort. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2024; 88:100604. [PMID: 37832651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This is a final analysis of longitudinal evaluation of burnout and empathy among a cohort of Doctor of Pharmacy students throughout their 4-year enrollment. METHODS The class of 2021 received sequential Qualtrics (Qualtrics, Provo, UT) surveys containing 2 validated survey instruments, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Surveys were disseminated at the start of the program (PY1start) and the end of each academic year (PY1end, PY2, PY3, PY4). Linear mixed models accounting for repeated measures, Generalized Estimating Equation, and Cochran's Q statistic were used to evaluate longitudinal change in the Jefferson Scale of Empathy and Maslach Burnout Inventory survey scores, categorized subscales, and burnout. RESULTS Matched survey responses were included for 91 students (85.8% response rate). Across all years, a decrease in empathy and professional efficacy and an increase in exhaustion and cynicism was seen. High categorical levels of exhaustion and cynicism indicated evidence of burnout throughout the program. Year-to-year analysis indicated statistically significant increases in exhaustion and cynicism between PY1start and all subsequent assessments, a decrease in professional efficacy from PY1start to PY1end and PY2, and a decrease in empathy for PY1start to PY1end. CONCLUSION Students reported trends of decreasing empathy and professional efficacy, with a simultaneous increase in exhaustion and cynicism. Further evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 on these results, as well as additional methods to support overall student wellness, is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn D Cole
- University of South Florida, Taneja College of Pharmacy, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Melissa J Ruble
- University of South Florida, Taneja College of Pharmacy, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Jeanne L Jacoby
- Lehigh Valley Hospital and Health Network/University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine (USF-MCOM), Lehigh Valley Campus, Allentown, PA, USA
| | - Amy B Smith
- Lehigh Valley Hospital and Health Network/University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine (USF-MCOM), Lehigh Valley Campus, Allentown, PA, USA
| | - Shae Duka
- Lehigh Valley Hospital and Health Network/University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine (USF-MCOM), Lehigh Valley Campus, Allentown, PA, USA
| | - Hope Kincaid
- Lehigh Valley Hospital and Health Network/University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine (USF-MCOM), Lehigh Valley Campus, Allentown, PA, USA
| | - Joann Farrell Quinn
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine (USF-MCOM), Tampa Campus, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rudaz M, Ledermann T, Fincham FD. The interplay between mindfulness and caring for bliss on later student burnout. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:188-194. [PMID: 35021036 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.2024549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: While there are good reasons to assume that mindfulness protects against burnout in students, nothing is known about the role of caring for bliss. This study examined whether caring for bliss moderated the relationship between mindfulness at baseline and aspects of burnout approximately 12 weeks later. Participants: Students (n = 92) from a university in the United States. Methods: Online surveys were administered in 2018. Results: Moderated regression analyses, controlling for depressive symptoms and burnout at baseline, revealed that caring for bliss moderated the relationship between earlier mindfulness and two aspects of later student burnout, namely emotional exhaustion and cynicism. Specifically, exhaustion and cynicism were low when students reported either low or high scores on both mindfulness and caring for bliss. No moderating effect was found for academic efficacy. Conclusions: Mindfulness and caring for bliss appear to work synergistically to reduce aspects of student burnout over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Rudaz
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Ledermann
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Frank D Fincham
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Huber A, Rabl L, Höge-Raisig T, Höfer S. Well-Being, Mental Health, and Study Characteristics of Medical Students before and during the Pandemic. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 14:7. [PMID: 38275349 PMCID: PMC10812729 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Medical students report high demands, stressors, pressure to perform, and a lack of resources, and are therefore at a higher risk for mental strain and burnout. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, study conditions have changed, and new challenges have emerged. Thus, this study aimed to examine medical students' well-being, mental health, and study characteristics before and during the pandemic. Data from 988 Austrian medical students were included into the cross-sectional comparisons, and 63 students were included into the longitudinal analyses (variance analyses/t-tests or appropriate non-parametric tests). Well-being before and during the pandemic did not differ significantly but the peri-pandemic cohort reported higher study satisfaction, more social support from lecturers, and less emotional exhaustion, cognitive demands, and stressors (information problems, organizational stressors, work overload). Longitudinally, work overload was also perceived to be higher before the pandemic; however, study satisfaction was lower. During the pandemic, approximately every seventh student exceeded the cut-off value for generalized anxiety disorder, and approximately every tenth student exceeded the cut-off value for major depression. These unexpected peri-pandemic results concerning constant high well-being, study satisfaction, and the perception of conditions may be based on response shift effects that require further exploration. The scores exceeding the reasonable cut-point for identifying probable cases of generalized anxiety disorder and depression may reflect medical students' needs, calling for an in-depth analysis if further health promotion is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luna Rabl
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (L.R.); (T.H.-R.)
| | - Thomas Höge-Raisig
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (L.R.); (T.H.-R.)
| | - Stefan Höfer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Çınar N, Menekşe D, Tecik S, Suzan ÖK, Aydın İ. Causes of burnout in nursing seniors: A mixed methods study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2023; 131:105979. [PMID: 37742383 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the issue of burnout in newly graduated and student nurses has become an increasing interest of researchers. Burnout seriously affects the behavior, health, life and relationships of individuals. OBJECTIVES This research was conducted to investigate the causes of burnout in nursing senior students in depth. DESIGN This research, based on mixed method, was carried out with a sequential exploratory design. PARTICIPANTS The study was conducted with 148 nursing students in their last year at a university in the Marmara Region of Türkiye. METHOD Data were collected with Personal Information Form, The Burnout Measure Short Version (BMS) and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Form (MBI-SF) between March and April 2022. Qualitative interviews were conducted face-to-face with 16 students determined by criterion sampling method between May and June 2022. A semi-structured interview form was used to collect qualitative data. Descriptive statistics (number, percentage, mean, standard deviation) were used for the analysis of quantitative data. Thematic analysis was performed for qualitative data. RESULTS The mean BMS total score for the sample group was 4.50. MBI-SF sub-dimension mean scores; It is in the form of exhaustion (16.52), depersonalization (12.66) and competence (12.41). According to the scores of nursing senior students from BMS, it was determined that 22.3 % (n = 33) had burnout, 23 % (n = 34) had a serious burnout problem, and 28.4 % (n = 42) needed professional help as soon as possible. In addition, three main themes emerged as a result of the thematic analysis: (i) Effects of Burnout, (ii) Factors Affecting Burnout, (iii) Ways to Cope with Burnout. CONCLUSION It was determined that one of the five nursing students was in danger of burnout. The prevalence of burnout in nursing senior students was 73.7 %. Besides, it was determined that the problems experienced in the student's nursing education and professional practices, the pandemic process, financial concerns, family-related situations, not finding time for social activities, and future anxiety were the factors causing burnout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nursan Çınar
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Esentepe Campus, 54187 Serdivan, Sakarya, Türkiye.
| | - Dilek Menekşe
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Esentepe Campus, 54187 Serdivan, Sakarya, Türkiye.
| | - Seda Tecik
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Esentepe Campus, 54187 Serdivan, Sakarya, Türkiye; Sakarya University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Esentepe Campus, 54187 Serdivan, Sakarya, Türkiye.
| | - Özge Karakaya Suzan
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Esentepe Campus, 54187 Serdivan, Sakarya, Türkiye.
| | - İsmail Aydın
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Esentepe Campus, 54187 Serdivan, Sakarya, Türkiye.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shvetcov A, Whitton A, Kasturi S, Zheng WY, Beames J, Ibrahim O, Han J, Hoon L, Mouzakis K, Gupta S, Venkatesh S, Christensen H, Newby J. Machine learning identifies a COVID-19-specific phenotype in university students using a mental health app. Internet Interv 2023; 34:100666. [PMID: 37746637 PMCID: PMC10511781 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2023.100666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Advances in smartphone technology have allowed people to access mental healthcare via digital apps from wherever and whenever they choose. University students experience a high burden of mental health concerns. Although these apps improve mental health symptoms, user engagement has remained low. Studies have shown that users can be subgrouped based on unique characteristics that just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) can use to improve engagement. To date, however, no studies have examined the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on these subgroups. Objective Here, we sought to examine user subgroup characteristics across three COVID-19-specific timepoints: during lockdown, immediately following lockdown, and three months after lockdown ended. Methods To do this, we used a two-step machine learning approach combining unsupervised and supervised machine learning. Results We demonstrate that there are three unique subgroups of university students who access mental health apps. Two of these, with either higher or lower mental well-being, were defined by characteristics that were stable across COVID-19 timepoints. The third, situational well-being, had characteristics that were timepoint-dependent, suggesting that they are highly influenced by traumatic stressors and stressful situations. This subgroup also showed feelings and behaviours consistent with burnout. Conclusions Overall, our findings clearly suggest that user subgroups are unique: they have different characteristics and therefore likely have different mental healthcare goals. Our findings also highlight the importance of including questions and additional interventions targeting traumatic stress(ors), reason(s) for use, and burnout in JITAI-style mental health apps to improve engagement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wu-Yi Zheng
- Black Dog Institute, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Omar Ibrahim
- Black Dog Institute, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jin Han
- Black Dog Institute, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leonard Hoon
- Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Kon Mouzakis
- Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Sunil Gupta
- Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Svetha Venkatesh
- Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jill Newby
- Black Dog Institute, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schwitters MT, Kiesewetter J. Resilience status of dental students and derived training needs and interventions to promote resilience. GMS JOURNAL FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 40:Doc67. [PMID: 38125902 PMCID: PMC10728662 DOI: 10.3205/zma001649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Background The concept of resilience is defined differently in the literature, with the definition depending on the criteria under consideration. Currently, the most commonly used definition is: resilience as "psychological resistance to biological, psychological, and psychosocial developmental risks". In order to systematically enhance resilience, it is necessary to first determine specific training needs. This study examines the resilience status of dental students in Germany from different academic years and derives interventions for resilience enhancement, as the field of dentistry is considered one of the "most stressful professions". Methods To determine the resilience status, a questionnaire was developed, consisting of the 10-Item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (10-Item CD-RISC), the Maslach Burnout Inventory Scale (MBI), the Negative Self-Image Scale (NSBS), and five self-formulated closed-ended questions. A total of 320 questionnaires were distributed, with 184 responses (43.7% female) received, including partially completed forms. Results The resilience status shows an average moderate level of resilience (M=28.43; SD=5.57). The subcomponents of emotional exhaustion (M=23.66; SD=8.32) and reduced personal performance (M=33.69; SD=8.47) indicate an increased risk of burnout, but not depersonalization (M=5.04; SD=5.50). Overall, the participants have a positive self-image (M=1.72; SD=0.69). Conclusion The study reveals that dental students have a moderate level of resilience. Dental students are not inherently prone to burnout, but they show reduced levels of emotional exhaustion and personal performance, suggesting a need for interventions in these areas. Possible interventions tailored to these training needs are discussed in the article. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mia T. Schwitters
- Technical University Dresden, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Kiesewetter
- LMU Hospital, LMU Munich, Institute of Medical Education, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Steinberg E, Marsch S, Yanagida T, Dörrenbächer-Ulrich L, Pfeiffer C, Bührle P, Schwarz L, Auer U, Kleinsorgen C, Perels F. Development and validation of the Workplace Learning Inventory in Health Sciences Education: a multimethod study. ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2023:10.1007/s10459-023-10295-y. [PMID: 37938501 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-023-10295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Health sciences students face many challenges in regard to clinical practical learning. A better understanding of student learning is required to address student needs in this crucial phase. The theory of self-regulated learning provides a comprehensive view of learning and could serve as a basis for further research. There are instruments to assess self-regulated learning in preclinical academic learning. However, there are no such instruments for workplace learning. The aim of the present study is to provide a comprehensive inventory from which researchers can select those scales that are relevant to their research questions in the investigation of workplace learning. Hence, the aim is to develop and validate a set of scales to assess undergraduates' workplace learning in health sciences education in four areas (cognition, motivation, emotion, and context) on two levels (the learning process level and the metalevel). Study 1 is a qualitative multimethod study to identify indicators and develop items. It integrates the perspectives of students, teachers, and researchers and includes six steps: literature review, interviews, synthesis, item development, expert review, and cognitive pretesting. This study yields a set of scales for each area on both levels. Study 2 is a quantitative study to assess the psychometric properties. The results show acceptable values in terms of unidimensionality, reliability and validity for each of the 31 scales. The newly developed Workplace Learning Inventory is comprehensive; the scales are relevant to workplace learning and short enough that their administration is feasible in the workplace setting. The rigorous process of questionnaire development contributes to the validity of scales. By providing the Workplace Learning Inventory, we hope to encourage research on workplace learning in health sciences education from an educational psychology perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Steinberg
- Vice-Rectorate for Study Affairs and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stephan Marsch
- Vice-Rectorate for Study Affairs and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Takuya Yanagida
- Vice-Rectorate for Study Affairs and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christopher Pfeiffer
- Vice-Rectorate for Study Affairs and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Bührle
- Vice-Rectorate for Study Affairs and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Schwarz
- Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Auer
- University Hospital for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christin Kleinsorgen
- Centre for E-Learning, Didactics and Educational Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Franziska Perels
- Department of Educational Science, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Aljuwaiser S, Brazzelli M, Arain I, Poobalan A. Common mental health problems in medical students and junior doctors - an overview of systematic reviews. J Ment Health 2023:1-37. [PMID: 37933550 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2023.2278095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common mental health problems (CMHP) are prevalent among junior doctors and medical students, and the COVID-19 pandemic has brought challenging situations with education disruptions, early graduations, and front-line work. CMHPs can have detrimental consequences on clinical safety and healthcare colleagues; thus, it is vital to assess the overall prevalence and available interventions to provide institutional-level support. AIMS This overview summarises the prevalence of CMHPs from existing published systematic reviews and informs public health prevention and early intervention practice. METHODS Four electronic databases were searched from 2012 to identify systematic reviews on the prevalence of CMHPs and/or interventions to tackle them. RESULTS Thirty-six reviews were included: 25 assessing prevalence and 11 assessing interventions. Across systematic reviews, the prevalence of anxiety ranged from 7.04 to 88.30%, burnout from 7.0 to 86.0%, depression from 11.0 to 66.5%, stress from 29.6 to 49.9%, suicidal ideation from 3.0 to 53.9% and one obsessive-compulsive disorder review reported a prevalence of 3.8%. Mindfulness-based interventions were included in all reviews, with mixed findings for each CMHP. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of CMHPs is high among junior doctors and medical students, with anxiety remaining relatively stable and depression slightly increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research on mindfulness-based interventions is required for a resilient and healthy future workforce. PRISMA/PROSPERO the researchers have followed PRISMA guidance. This overview was not registered with PROSPERO as it was conducted as part of an MSc research project.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Aljuwaiser
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Miriam Brazzelli
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Imran Arain
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Amudha Poobalan
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kheirkhah H, Hartfeld NMS, Widdifield J, Kulhawy-Wibe S, Roberts J, Yacyshyn EA, Lee JJY, Jilkine K, Jerome D, Kwok TSH, Burt J, Barber CEH. An Overview of Reviews to Inform Organization-Level Interventions to Address Burnout in Rheumatologists. J Rheumatol 2023; 50:1488-1502. [PMID: 37527857 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.2023-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify organization-directed strategies that could be implemented to prevent burnout among rheumatologists. METHODS A search of English language articles published 2011 or later was conducted on Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, Medline, and PsycInfo on January 25, 2022. Included reviews had ≥ 1 primary studies with ≥ 10% of participants who were physicians, recorded burnout as an outcome, and described an organization-directed intervention to prevent burnout. Overlap of primary studies across reviews was assessed. The final review inclusion was determined by study quality, minimization of overlap, and maximization of intervention breadth. The A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2 tool was used for quality assessment. Included studies and interventions were assessed by rheumatologists for their applicability to rheumatology. RESULTS A total of 17 reviews, including 15 systematic reviews, 1 realist review, and 1 umbrella review were included. AMSTAR 2 quality ratings classified 5 systematic reviews as low quality, 1 as moderate, and 9 as critically low. There was significant heterogeneity between and within reviews. Six conducted a metaanalysis and 11 provided a qualitative summary of findings. The following intervention types were identified as having possible applicability to rheumatology: physician workflow and organizational strategies; peer support and formal communication training; leadership support; and addressing stress, mental health, and mindfulness. Across interventions, mindfulness had the highest quality of evidence to support its effectiveness. CONCLUSION Although the quality of evidence for interventions to prevent burnout in physicians is low, promising strategies such as mindfulness have been identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengameh Kheirkhah
- H. Kheirkhah, MD, N.M.S. Hartfeld, MSc, MC, S. Kulhawy-Wibe, MD, MSc, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Nicole M S Hartfeld
- H. Kheirkhah, MD, N.M.S. Hartfeld, MSc, MC, S. Kulhawy-Wibe, MD, MSc, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Jessica Widdifield
- J. Widdifield, PhD, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, ICES, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Stephanie Kulhawy-Wibe
- H. Kheirkhah, MD, N.M.S. Hartfeld, MSc, MC, S. Kulhawy-Wibe, MD, MSc, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Janet Roberts
- J. Roberts, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Elaine A Yacyshyn
- E.A. Yacyshyn, MD, MScHQ, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
| | - Jennifer J Y Lee
- J.J.Y. Lee, MD, MSc, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Konstantin Jilkine
- K. Jilkine, MD, Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Dana Jerome
- D. Jerome, MD, MEd, T.S.H. Kwok, MD, MSc, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Timothy S H Kwok
- D. Jerome, MD, MEd, T.S.H. Kwok, MD, MSc, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Jennifer Burt
- J. Burt, PT, ACPAC-trained ERP, Rheumatology Services, Eastern Health, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
| | - Claire E H Barber
- C.E.H. Barber, MD, PhD, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, and Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Viegas da Cunha Gentil Martins MH, Martins Lobo V, dos Santos Florenciano MS, Benjamim Morais MA, Barbosa M. Burnout in medical students: A longitudinal study in a Portuguese medical school. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e72. [PMID: 38024801 PMCID: PMC10643228 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Burnout is highly prevalent among medical students. This study aimed to assess burnout levels over the course of a semester and identify variables that might explain burnout's variance over time. Method This longitudinal study involved medical students from a Portuguese school. Participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Mental Health Inventory-5, along with questions related to social support, help-seeking behaviours, academic performance, mental health and lifestyle assessment at the beginning (first phase), middle (second phase) and end (third phase) of the first semester of 2018-2019 academic year. Results A total of 108 participants provided responses in all phases (paired sample). The prevalence of burnout in the first phase was 28.2%, which increased to 34% in the second and 39.5% in the third. To explore factors contributing to burnout levels, we used the 332 responses obtained in the third phase (non-paired sample). Higher burnout levels were associated with poor academic performance, mental health stigma, consumption of tranquillisers and living away from home. Conversely, they were negatively associated with social support and a healthy lifestyle. Conclusions The study reveals a high prevalence of burnout among medical students, with burnout levels increasing throughout the semester. These levels are influenced by modifiable variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Barbosa
- CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB-FMUL), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kourea L, Papanastasiou EC, Diaconescu LV, Popa-Velea O. Academic burnout in psychology and health-allied sciences: the BENDiT-EU program for students and staff in higher education. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1239001. [PMID: 37901078 PMCID: PMC10613055 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1239001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying at university involves demanding academic and clinical training requirements for students from Psychology and other health-allied fields, potentially having severe physical and mental health implications. Existing training programs for addressing burnout have focused thus far on specific areas (e.g., stress management, physical exercise, mindfulness meditation, etc.) with promising outcomes. However, no comprehensive programs have been developed to train students and staff in the early identification of burnout signs and characteristics as well as in self-assessing personal needs and habits (i.e., primary prevention), or in identifying community resources and evidence-based strategies to overcome burnout (i.e., secondary prevention). This paper describes the content development, refinement, and piloting process of the BENDiT-EU program as part of a European collaborative to address academic burnout for health-allied students. Piloting results showed that participants viewed the program positively and provided helpful suggestions for content improvement and training delivery. Future research directions should target experimental investigations of the program's effectiveness and the longitudinal interaction of burnout with other variables (e.g., resilience).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lefki Kourea
- Department of Education, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Liliana Veronica Diaconescu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Popa-Velea
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gómez-Urquiza JL, Velando-Soriano A, Membrive-Jiménez MJ, Ramírez-Baena L, Aguayo-Estremera R, Ortega-Campos E, Cañadas-De la Fuente GA. Prevalence and levels of burnout in nursing students: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Nurse Educ Pract 2023; 72:103753. [PMID: 37651959 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to analyze burnout levels and prevalence in nursing students and to estimate prevalence levels with meta-analyses. BACKGROUND Nurses are one of the healthcare professionals most affect by burnout, but nursing students, during their studies, can also suffer burnout. DESIGN a systematic review with meta-analysis was performed. METHODS The search equation used in Pubmed, CINAHL and Scopus databases was "burnout AND nursing students". Quantitative primary studies including information about burnout, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, or personal accomplishment in nursing students were included. Four meta-analysis were performed. RESULTS the sample was of n = 34 studies, with n = 15 studies being included in the meta-analysis with n = 2744 nursing students. Burnout prevalence was 19% (95% CI 11-28%). Regarding burnout dimensions, the most affected was high emotional exhaustion with a prevalence of 41%(95% CI 23-61%; n = 2222) followed by 27% low personal accomplishment(95% CI 9-49%; n = 2096), 25% high depersonalization (95% CI 15-36%; n = 2096). CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of burnout and its dimensions vary from 19% to 41%, being emotional exhaustion the main problem in nursing students. This problem may affect their future as nursing professionals, and it would be of important to prevent and to treat burnout at university levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José L Gómez-Urquiza
- Ceuta Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Cortadura del Valle s/n, 51001 Ceuta, Spain.
| | | | | | - Lucia Ramírez-Baena
- Regional Hospital Santa Ana of Motril, Granada South Management Area, Andalusian Health Service, Motril, Granada 18600, Spain.
| | - Raimundo Aguayo-Estremera
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
| | | | - Guillermo A Cañadas-De la Fuente
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain / Brain, Mind and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Moran A, Shanahan A. Pilot study of a group clinical supervision model for medical students. Australas Psychiatry 2023; 31:694-699. [PMID: 37354442 PMCID: PMC10566218 DOI: 10.1177/10398562231186238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To trial a clinical supervision model with medical students, co-designed by students and clinicians, and evaluate its feasibility, acceptability, and perceived benefits. METHOD Two clinical supervision groups, one online and one face-to-face, were conducted for six one-hour sessions, over 12 weeks. Clinical supervision was evaluated through mixed methods including attendance levels, focus groups, and quantitative surveys. RESULTS Thirteen students participated, including one rural and one regional group, each with a clinical supervisor. Attendance was 100%. Students viewed clinical supervision as a safe time for reflection on clinical experiences, validation from senior clinicians and peers, and connection to the medical community. Themes that emerged included strategies to prevent moral injury, self-care, and the need for a trusted clinical supervisor. CONCLUSION The clinical supervision model received positive medical student evaluations and 100% attendance. This shows promise as an avenue to professionally support medical students as they navigate complex clinical training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abby Moran
- Medical Student, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, AU-NSW, Australia
| | - Amelia Shanahan
- Medical Student, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, AU-NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jahrami H, AlKaabi J, Trabelsi K, Pandi-Perumal SR, Saif Z, Seeman MV, Vitiello MV. The worldwide prevalence of self-reported psychological and behavioral symptoms in medical students: An umbrella review and meta-analysis of meta-analyses. J Psychosom Res 2023; 173:111479. [PMID: 37651841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medical students frequently experience a range of stressors, such as demanding academic requirements, competition and rivalry, self-doubt, and financial distress. As a result, they are at risk for psychological and behavioral symptoms (PBS) including: depression, anxiety, and sleep difficulties as well as maladaptive substance use. METHODS To determine the degree of risk for these symptoms, 13 databases, without language restriction., were searched. RESULTS A total of 32 meta-analyses were included in this umbrella review. A global analysis of all self-reported PBS combined yielded a pooled prevalence rate of 30.3% [26.9%; 33.7%]; 95% PI [2.2%; 58.3%]. The highest reported prevalence was for sleep problems 42.0% [35.6%; 48.4%], followed by stress 41.7% [35.3%; 48.1%], burnout 35.8% [25.7%; 45.8%], anxiety 32.5% [27.9%; 37.1%], depression 32.5% [28.8%; 36.1%], internet addiction 26.0% [5.5%; 46.5%], substance use 25.2% [18.9%; 31.6%], eating disorders 9.8% [1.1%; 18.4%], and suicidal thoughts/gestures/acts 8.9% [4.8%; 12.9%]. The prevalence estimates were deemed acceptable for all PBS. CONCLUSION The evidence shows that fully one-third of medical students experience a range of problematic PBS, likely attributable to the demanding and intense study environment, the hierarchical structure of medical training facilities, and the vulnerability of the young adulthood time period. Appropriately targeted assessment and intervention efforts are clearly warranted to decrease the psychological burden of medical student training. PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42023391800. Open Science Network (OSF) Identifier: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/SXQYN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Jahrami
- Psychiatric Hospital, Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
| | - Jawaher AlKaabi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, University of Sfax, LR19JS01, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zahra Saif
- Psychiatric Hospital, Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Mary V Seeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Michael V Vitiello
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dellasega C, George DR, Lokon E. The transformative power of participating in Opening Minds Through Art (OMA), an expressive arts program for medical students. GERONTOLOGY & GERIATRICS EDUCATION 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37722717 DOI: 10.1080/02701960.2023.2255537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Opening Minds Through Art (OMA) is a standardized expressive arts-based program that improves student attitudes toward persons living with dementia. Understanding how this change occurs is important for both educators and clinicians. In this study, narrative analysis was used to explore the impact of OMA on participating medical students. 111 students at six medical schools accepted an invitation to be part of OMA during the 2018-2020 academic years. After completing the program, participants were asked to write briefly about the impact of their OMA experience on their work as future physicians. These narratives were analyzed to identify themes relevant to the impact of the program. Students described appreciating both pragmatic and novel creative experiences in OMA, which differed from their traditional studies. Themes from the evaluation included: Inter and Intrapersonal Connection and Growth; Mastery of Anticipated Challenges; Acquisition of Knowledge and Skills; and Appreciation of Health Care Team Members. Teaching students to embrace clinical work with challenging and perceived "difficult" patients is often unaddressed in the medical school curriculum. This study suggests that the combination of medical knowledge and artistic expression can be used to benefit both students and persons living with dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Dellasega
- Department of Humanities, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel R George
- Department of Humanities, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lokon
- Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Newnham EA, Mergelsberg ELP, Tearne J, McEvoy P, Stanley S, Celenza A, Kavanagh H, Stevenson T, Mavaddat N, Demore G, Hood S. Mental Health Status, Risk and Protective Factors for Healthcare Staff Prior to the First Major COVID-19 Outbreak in Western Australia. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1606102. [PMID: 37732330 PMCID: PMC10507727 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Western Australia's unique public health response delayed the first wave of community COVID-19 transmission for 2 years. We aimed to determine the status of post-traumatic stress (PTSS), depressive, and anxiety symptoms among healthcare staff in major tertiary hospitals, together with associated risk and protective factors prior to the first substantial outbreak of COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 431 healthcare staff immediately prior to the Western Australian border re-opening in 2022. Staff were recruited via notices in email newsletters, at four tertiary hospitals and a public mental health clinic in metropolitan Perth. Validated and original questionnaires were administered via Qualtrics. Results: Moderate levels of PTSS (22.3%), depression (21.9%), and anxiety (25.9%) were reported. Pathway analyses indicated that sleep difficulties, workplace stressors, and infectious disease training were associated with higher PTSS, depression and anxiety symptoms, and younger age was associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety. Nursing roles were associated with higher PTSS. Social support and workplace support were associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety but were not associated with PTSS. Conclusion: The findings illustrate high levels of resilience, but indicate a need for structural supports within the health system to foster staff mental health prior to the onset of emergencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Newnham
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin enAble Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- François-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Jessica Tearne
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Clinical Neuropsychology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- State Major Trauma Unit, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter McEvoy
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin enAble Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Interventions, North Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Susanne Stanley
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Antonio Celenza
- Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Emergency Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hyranthi Kavanagh
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Clinical Neuropsychology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Teresa Stevenson
- Peel and Rockingham Kwinana Mental Health Service, Rockingham, WA, Australia
| | - Nahal Mavaddat
- Discipline of General Practice, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gavin Demore
- Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australia Country Health Service, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sean Hood
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Mental Health Unit, North Metropolitan Health Service Mental Health, Public Health and Dental Services (MHPHDS), Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang J, Liu M, Bai J, Chen Y, Xia J, Liang B, Wei R, Lin J, Wu J, Xiong P. Prevalence of common mental disorders among medical students in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1116616. [PMID: 37719741 PMCID: PMC10501456 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1116616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of mental distress is common for medical students in China due to factors such as the long duration of schooling, stressful doctor-patient relationship, numerous patient population, and limited medical resources. However, previous studies have failed to provide a comprehensive prevalence of these mental disorders in this population. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMDs), including depression, anxiety, and suicidal behaviors, among medical students in China. Methods We conducted a systematic search for empirical studies on the prevalence of depression, anxiety, suicide attempt, suicide ideation, and suicide plan in Chinese medical students published from January 2000 to December 2020. All data were collected pre-COVID-19. The prevalence and heterogeneity estimations were computed by using a random-effects model and univariate meta-regression analyses. Results A total of 197 studies conducted in 23 provinces in China were included in the final meta-analysis. The prevalence data of depression, anxiety, suicide attempt, suicide ideation, and suicide plan were extracted from 129, 80, 21, 53, and 14 studies, respectively. The overall pooled crude prevalence for depression was 29% [38,309/132,343; 95% confidence interval (CI): 26%-32%]; anxiety, 18% (19,479/105,397; 95% CI: 15%-20%); suicide ideation, 13% (15,546/119,069; 95% CI: 11%-15%); suicide attempt, 3% (1,730/69,786; 95% CI: 1%-4%); and suicide plan, 4% (1,188/27,025; 95% CI: 3%-6%). Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrated the high prevalence of CMDs among Chinese medical students. Further research is needed to identify targeted strategies to improve the mental health of this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxingyi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Min Liu
- Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai Women and Children's Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jian Bai
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xia
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Baolin Liang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruixuan Wei
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayin Lin
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xiong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bögemann SA, Riepenhausen A, Puhlmann LMC, Bar S, Hermsen EJC, Mituniewicz J, Reppmann ZC, Uściƚko A, van Leeuwen JMC, Wackerhagen C, Yuen KSL, Zerban M, Weermeijer J, Marciniak MA, Mor N, van Kraaij A, Köber G, Pooseh S, Koval P, Arias-Vásquez A, Binder H, De Raedt W, Kleim B, Myin-Germeys I, Roelofs K, Timmer J, Tüscher O, Hendler T, Kobylińska D, Veer IM, Kalisch R, Hermans EJ, Walter H. Investigating two mobile just-in-time adaptive interventions to foster psychological resilience: research protocol of the DynaM-INT study. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:245. [PMID: 37626397 PMCID: PMC10464364 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress-related disorders such as anxiety and depression are highly prevalent and cause a tremendous burden for affected individuals and society. In order to improve prevention strategies, knowledge regarding resilience mechanisms and ways to boost them is highly needed. In the Dynamic Modelling of Resilience - interventional multicenter study (DynaM-INT), we will conduct a large-scale feasibility and preliminary efficacy test for two mobile- and wearable-based just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs), designed to target putative resilience mechanisms. Deep participant phenotyping at baseline serves to identify individual predictors for intervention success in terms of target engagement and stress resilience. METHODS DynaM-INT aims to recruit N = 250 healthy but vulnerable young adults in the transition phase between adolescence and adulthood (18-27 years) across five research sites (Berlin, Mainz, Nijmegen, Tel Aviv, and Warsaw). Participants are included if they report at least three negative burdensome past life events and show increased levels of internalizing symptoms while not being affected by any major mental disorder. Participants are characterized in a multimodal baseline phase, which includes neuropsychological tests, neuroimaging, bio-samples, sociodemographic and psychological questionnaires, a video-recorded interview, as well as ecological momentary assessments (EMA) and ecological physiological assessments (EPA). Subsequently, participants are randomly assigned to one of two ecological momentary interventions (EMIs), targeting either positive cognitive reappraisal or reward sensitivity. During the following intervention phase, participants' stress responses are tracked using EMA and EPA, and JITAIs are triggered if an individually calibrated stress threshold is crossed. In a three-month-long follow-up phase, parts of the baseline characterization phase are repeated. Throughout the entire study, stressor exposure and mental health are regularly monitored to calculate stressor reactivity as a proxy for outcome resilience. The online monitoring questionnaires and the repetition of the baseline questionnaires also serve to assess target engagement. DISCUSSION The DynaM-INT study intends to advance the field of resilience research by feasibility-testing two new mechanistically targeted JITAIs that aim at increasing individual stress resilience and identifying predictors for successful intervention response. Determining these predictors is an important step toward future randomized controlled trials to establish the efficacy of these interventions.
Collapse
Grants
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- DFG Grant CRC 1193, subprojects B01, C01, C04, Z03 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- DFG Grant CRC 1193, subprojects B01, C01, C04, Z03 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- 01KX2021 German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) as part of the Network for University Medicine
- MARP program, DRZ program, Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research State of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
- MARP program, DRZ program, Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research State of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
- European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Bögemann
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, The Netherlands.
| | - A Riepenhausen
- Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Philosophy, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - L M C Puhlmann
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Bar
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E J C Hermsen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - J Mituniewicz
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Z C Reppmann
- Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Uściƚko
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J M C van Leeuwen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - C Wackerhagen
- Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - K S L Yuen
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Zerban
- Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Weermeijer
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - M A Marciniak
- Division of Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital (PUK), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N Mor
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A van Kraaij
- OnePlanet Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - G Köber
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modelling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Pooseh
- Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modelling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Koval
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Vic, 3010, Australia
| | - A Arias-Vásquez
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - H Binder
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modelling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - W De Raedt
- Life Sciences Department, Imec, Louvain, Belgium
| | - B Kleim
- Division of Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital (PUK), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - I Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - K Roelofs
- Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Timmer
- Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modelling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - O Tüscher
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - T Hendler
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- School of Psychological Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Kobylińska
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - I M Veer
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Kalisch
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - E J Hermans
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - H Walter
- Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Philosophy, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Breslin L, Dyrbye L, Chelf C, West C. Effects of coaching on medical student well-being and distress: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073214. [PMID: 37591650 PMCID: PMC10441055 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical students experience higher rates of distress and burnout compared with their age-similar peers overall. Coaching has been proposed as one means of combating distress and burnout within the medical profession. The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesise the current evidence on the effects of coaching interventions on medical student well-being, including engagement, resilience, quality of life, professional fulfilment and meaning in work and distress, including burnout, anxiety and depressive symptoms. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will conduct a systematic review of interventional and observational comparative studies that assess the effects of coaching interventions on well-being, including engagement, resilience, quality of life, professional fulfilment and meaning in work and distress, including burnout, anxiety and depressive symptoms among undergraduate medical students internationally. We will search PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase (OVID), PsycINFO (OVID), Scopus, ERIC, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (OVID) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (OVID) from their respective inception dates using the following search terms: (medical students OR medical student OR undergraduate medical education) AND (coach OR coaching OR coaches). Studies in any language will be eligible. Studies that report one or more outcomes of distress or well-being among medical students who receive a coaching intervention will be included. Data on participant and intervention characteristics, outcomes and instruments used will be collected as well as quality/risk of bias assessments. Two reviewers will screen studies against the inclusion criteria and perform data extraction. We will conduct a narrative synthesis, with meta-analysis if evidence permits quantitative pooling of results. Heterogeneity of results across studies according to study design, learner level and study risk of bias will be evaluated, as well as publication bias. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required for this review. Results will be disseminated by publication in a scientific journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022322503.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Breslin
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Liselotte Dyrbye
- Depratment of Community & Behavioral Health, Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Cynthia Chelf
- Mayo Clinic Libraries, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Colin West
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Department of Internal Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kıyak YS, Budakoğlu Iİ, Masters K, Coşkun Ö. The effect of watching lecture videos at 2× speed on memory retention performance of medical students: An experimental study. MEDICAL TEACHER 2023; 45:913-917. [PMID: 36931309 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2189537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to determine how watching lecture videos at 1× and 2× speeds affects memory retention in medical students. METHODS A posttest-only experimental design was utilized. The participants were 60 Year-1 and Year-2 medical students. The participants were assigned to one of two groups through stratified randomization: Group 1 would watch the video at 1× speed, and Group 2 at 2× speed. Their performance was assessed using a test comprising 20 multiple-choice questions. The test has been applied immediately after watching the video (Immediate test), and, again after one week (Delayed test). Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were performed. RESULTS In the Immediate test, the mean score of the 1× speed group was 11.26 ± 4.06, while 2× speed group's mean score was 10.16 ± 2.46. The difference was not significant t(58) = 1.26, p > .05. In the Delayed test, the mean score of 1× speed group was 9.66 ± 3.94, while 2× speed group's mean score was 8.36 ± 2.80. The difference was not significant t(55) = 1.42, p > .05. CONCLUSIONS Watching the video lecture at 2× speed did not impair memory retention in medical students. This may help students to save time in their dense curricula.[Box: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Selim Kıyak
- Department of Medical Education and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Işıl İrem Budakoğlu
- Department of Medical Education and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ken Masters
- Department of Medical Education and Informatics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Özlem Coşkun
- Department of Medical Education and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cheng J, Liao M, He Z, Xiong R, Ju Y, Liu J, Liu B, Wu B, Zhang Y. Mental health and cognitive function among medical students after the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1233975. [PMID: 37575102 PMCID: PMC10416241 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1233975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese people experienced a nationwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic after the adjustment of epidemic response policies from December 2022 to January 2023. This study aims to explore the prevalence of mental and cognitive symptoms and their associated factors among medical students after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between February 27th and March 8th, 2023. The symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and cognitive function among medical students were examined using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), the Impact of Event Scale-6 (IES-6), and the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Depression-5 (PDQ-D-5). Data on demographic information was also collected. Statistical analyses were conducted to describe the prevalence and explore the associated factors of mental and cognitive symptoms. Results Among 947 participants, the proportion of students experiencing anxiety, depression, insomnia, and PTSD symptoms was 37.8, 39.3, 28.3, and 29.5%, respectively. The self-reported COVID-19 infection rate was 72.2%. Higher grades, childhood, and current rural residence were identified as potential risk factors for mental and cognitive symptoms. Gender, age, average monthly household income, and COVID-19 diagnosis were not associated with mental and cognitive symptoms among medical students. Conclusion Our findings revealed a high prevalence of mental and cognitive symptoms among Chinese medical students after the COVID-19 pandemic. Special attention should be paid to the mental health of higher-grade students and those residing in rural areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziping He
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yumeng Ju
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bangshan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bei Wu
- Hospital Management Office, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Steffey MA, Griffon DJ, Risselada M, Scharf VF, Buote NJ, Zamprogno H, Winter AL. Veterinarian burnout demographics and organizational impacts: a narrative review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1184526. [PMID: 37470072 PMCID: PMC10352684 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1184526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Burnout is a work-related syndrome of physical and emotional exhaustion secondary to prolonged, unresolvable occupational stress. Individuals of different demographic cohorts may have disparate experiences of workplace stressors and burnout impacts. Healthcare organizations are adversely affected by burnt out workers through decreased productivity, low morale, suboptimal teamwork, and potential impacts on the quality of patient care. In this second of two companion reviews, the demographics of veterinary burnout and the impacts of burnout on affected individuals and work environments are summarized, before discussing mitigation concepts and their extrapolation for targeted strategies within the veterinary workplace and profession.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele A. Steffey
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dominique J. Griffon
- Western University of Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Marije Risselada
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Valery F. Scharf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Nicole J. Buote
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gillum S, Gotschall T, Herring P, Walton D, Williams N, Dexter N. Themes in Health Sciences Librarianship Literature, 2016-2020: A Keyword and Subject Analysis. Med Ref Serv Q 2023; 42:228-239. [PMID: 37459488 DOI: 10.1080/02763869.2023.2225351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous investigations into trends in Library and Information Science literature have revealed changes in the topics librarians publish on over time, with older studies highlighting classification and indexing, and information retrieval and more recent studies highlighting keywords such as Internet, information technology, digital libraries, and again, information retrieval. No similar investigation has been conducted on current publication trends by health sciences librarians. This study analyzes the top themes on which health sciences librarians published from 2016 to 2020 by examining the frequency of keywords. Keywords and subject headings were analyzed from The Journal of the Medical Library Association, Medical References Services Quarterly, The Journal of Hospital Librarianship, and The Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries. A total of 8,806 keywords were downloaded for analysis and organized into 292 categories during taxonomy creation. The ten most frequent themes were: libraries, information, education, humans, demography, librarian, geographical locations, research, electronic resources, and technology. The study also found that data, psychiatry and psychology, informatics, and publishing were other key themes, indicating that health sciences librarians are publishing on a wide range of topics. Some keywords that appeared only once, such as telecommuting and flexible staffing, suggest emerging areas of research for librarians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Gillum
- Harriet F. Ginsburg Health Sciences Library, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA
| | - Terri Gotschall
- Harriet F. Ginsburg Health Sciences Library, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA
| | - Pamela Herring
- Harriet F. Ginsburg Health Sciences Library, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA
| | - Deedra Walton
- Harriet F. Ginsburg Health Sciences Library, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA
| | - Natasha Williams
- Harriet F. Ginsburg Health Sciences Library, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA
| | - Nadine Dexter
- Harriet F. Ginsburg Health Sciences Library, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Daryanto B, Kurniawan J, Wiranigitasari, Hioe F, Nurhadi P, Yudhantara DS. Prevalence of burnout and its associated factors among medical students during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285986. [PMID: 37384674 PMCID: PMC10309627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Shifting learning process due to COVID-19 has led to increased burnout prevalence among medical students. Thus, this study aimed to assess burnout prevalence and its associated factors among Indonesian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online cross-sectional study was carried out among medical students in Malang, Indonesia. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey tool. Pearson's Chi-square was used to assess significant associations, and binary logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the relationships between the predictor variables and burnout. The difference of each subscale score was evaluated using an independent sample t test. This study analyzed 413 medical students with a mean age of 21.1 ± 1.4 years old. About 29.5% and 32.9% of students reported a high level of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, respectively, resulting in 17.9% of burnout prevalence. Stage of study was the only sociodemographic factor independently associated with burnout prevalence (odds ratio = 0.180, 95% confidence interval = 0.079-0.410, p-values = 0.000). Preclinical students had significantly higher levels of emotional exhaustion (p-value = 0.004, d = 0.3) and depersonalization (p-value = 0.000, d = 1.1), and lower levels of personal accomplishment (p-value = 0.000, d = -0.5). Around one-sixth of the medical students experienced burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic, with preclinical students being more prone to have burnout. Future study with other adjusted confounding factors is needed to completely understand the issue and obtain immediate interventional strategies to reduce burnout among medical students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Besut Daryanto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang City, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Jemmy Kurniawan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang City, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Wiranigitasari
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang City, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Felicia Hioe
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang City, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Pradana Nurhadi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang City, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Dearisa Surya Yudhantara
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang City, East Java, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Broks VMA, Stegers-Jager KM, Fikrat-Wevers S, Van den Broek WW, Woltman AM. The association between how medical students were selected and their perceived stress levels in Year-1 of medical school. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:443. [PMID: 37328850 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of medical students' mental distress is high. While schools apply various methods to select a well-performing and diverse student population, little is known about the association between different selection methods and the well-being of these students during medical school. The present retrospective multi-cohort study assessed whether students selected by high grades, assessment, or weighted lottery showed different stress perception levels in Year-1 of medical school. METHODS Of 1144 Dutch Year-1 medical students, 650 (57%) of the cohorts 2013, 2014, and 2018 who were selected by high grades, assessment, or weighted lottery completed a stress perception questionnaire (PSS-14). A multilevel regression analysis assessed the association between selection method (independent variable) and stress perception levels (dependent variable) while controlling for gender and cohort. In a post-hoc analysis, academic performance (optimal vs. non-optimal) was included in the multilevel model. RESULTS Students selected by assessment (B = 2.25, p < .01, effect size (ES) = small) or weighted lottery (B = 3.95, p < .01, ES = medium) had higher stress perception levels than students selected by high grades. Extending the regression model with optimal academic performance (B=-4.38, p < .001, ES = medium), eliminated the statistically significant difference in stress perception between assessment and high grades and reduced the difference between weighted lottery and high grades from 3.95 to 2.45 (B = 2.45, p < .05, ES = small). CONCLUSIONS Selection methods intended to create a diverse student population - assessment and lottery - are associated with higher stress perception levels in Year-1 of medical school. These findings offer medical schools insights into fulfilling their responsibility to take care of their students' well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera M A Broks
- Institute of Medical Education Research Rotterdam, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karen M Stegers-Jager
- Institute of Medical Education Research Rotterdam, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Fikrat-Wevers
- Institute of Medical Education Research Rotterdam, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Walter W Van den Broek
- Institute of Medical Education Research Rotterdam, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea M Woltman
- Institute of Medical Education Research Rotterdam, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ilić IM, Ilić MD. The relationship between the burnout syndrome and academic success of medical students: a cross-sectional study. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2023; 74:134-141. [PMID: 37357875 PMCID: PMC10291497 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The burnout syndrome may affect academic achievement, but research on burnout and academic success of medical students is sparse. This research aimed to estimate the prevalence of high risk of burnout in students of medicine and to investigate its association with academic performance. It included 760 full-time medical students who completed the survey (response rate = 90.9 %). A significant independent predictor for high burnout risk in students with lower grade point average (GPA) was male gender (adjusted OR=2.44; 95 % CI=1.14-5.23; P=0.022). Among students with higher GPA, high burnout risk was associated with the use of sedatives (adjusted OR=6.44; 95 % CI=1.80-22.99; P=0.004).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena M. Ilić
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena D. Ilić
- University of Kragujevac Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, Kragujevac, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mhata NT, Ntlantsana V, Tomita AM, Mwambene K, Saloojee S. Prevalence of depression, anxiety and burnout in medical students at the University of Namibia. S Afr J Psychiatr 2023; 29:2044. [PMID: 37292521 PMCID: PMC10244924 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v29i0.2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is an increased prevalence of depression, anxiety, and burnout among medical students worldwide with no information from Namibia. Aim This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety, and burnout among medical students at the University of Namibia (UNAM). Methods A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted utilising a specially designed questionnaire for the study and standardised instruments to evaluate depression, anxiety, and burnout. Results Of the 229 students in this study, 71.6% were female and 28.4% were male. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and burnout was 43.6%, 30.6%, and 36.2%, respectively. The prevalence of emotional exhaustion (EX), cynicism (CY), and professional efficacy (EF) was 68.1% (n = 156), 77.3% (n = 177) and 53.3% (n = 122), respectively. In the final regression model, participants with a current psychiatric illness were more likely to screen positive for depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.06, confidence interval [CI] 1.28-12.91; p = 0.02) and anxiety (aOR: 3.63, CI: 1.17-11.23; p = 0.03). Emotional exhaustion and cynicism were significantly associated with female gender (EX: aOR, 0.40, CI: 0.20-0.79; p = 0.01) (CY: aOR, 0.42, CI: 0.20-0.91; p = 0.03). Conclusion More than one in three medical students at the UNAM were either depressed or burnt out. Contribution This is the first study to highlight the mental health needs of medical students at the University of Namibia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelao T Mhata
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Vuyokazi Ntlantsana
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andrew M Tomita
- Discipline of Psychiatry, KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kissah Mwambene
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
- Mental Health Centre, Windhoek Central Hospital, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Shamima Saloojee
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|