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Echeverría CE, Oyarzún VI, López-Cortés A, Cancino J, Sotomayor PC, Goncalves MD, Godoy AS. Biological role of fructose in the male reproductive system: Potential implications for prostate cancer. Prostate 2024; 84:8-24. [PMID: 37888416 PMCID: PMC10872645 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last 20 years, fructose has gradually emerged as a potential metabolic substrate capable of promoting the growth and progression of various cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). The biological and molecular mechanisms that underlie the effects of fructose on cancer are beginning to be elucidated. METHODS This review summarizes the biological function of fructose as a potential carbon source for PCa cells and its role in the functionality of the male reproductive tract under normal conditions. RESULTS The most recent biological advances related to fructose transport and metabolism as well as their implications in PCa growth and progression suggest that fructose represent a potential carbon source for PCa cells. Consequently, fructose derivatives may represent efficient radiotracers for obtaining PCa images via positron emission tomography and fructose transporters/fructose-metabolizing enzymes could be utilized as potential diagnostic and/or predictive biomarkers for PCa. CONCLUSION The existing data suggest that restriction of fructose from the diet could be a useful therapeutic strategy for patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina E. Echeverría
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vanessa I. Oyarzún
- Laboratory of Ocular and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés López-Cortés
- Cancer Research Group (CRG), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula C. Sotomayor
- Departamento de Urología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcus D. Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alejandro S. Godoy
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo New York, USA
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2
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Feng K, Liu C, Wang W, Kong P, Tao Z, Liu W. Emerging proteins involved in castration‑resistant prostate cancer via the AR‑dependent and AR‑independent pathways (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:127. [PMID: 37732538 PMCID: PMC10609492 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite achieving optimal initial responses to androgen deprivation therapy, most patients with prostate cancer eventually progress to a poor prognosis state known as castration‑resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Currently, there is a notable absence of reliable early warning biomarkers and effective treatment strategies for these patients. Although androgen receptor (AR)‑independent pathways have been discovered and acknowledged in recent years, the AR signaling pathway continues to play a pivotal role in the progression of CRPC. The present review focuses on newly identified proteins within human CRPC tissues. These proteins encompass both those involved in AR‑dependent and AR‑independent pathways. Specifically, the present review provides an in‑depth summary and analysis of the emerging proteins within AR bypass pathways. Furthermore, the significance of these proteins as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for treating CRPC is discussed. Therefore, the present review offers valuable theoretical insights and clinical perspectives to comprehensively enhance the understanding of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangle Feng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shaoxing Central Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312030, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Weixi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Piaoping Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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LOX-1 Activation by oxLDL Induces AR and AR-V7 Expression via NF-κB and STAT3 Signaling Pathways Reducing Enzalutamide Cytotoxic Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065082. [PMID: 36982155 PMCID: PMC10049196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) is one of the most important receptors for modified LDLs, such as oxidated (oxLDL) and acetylated (acLDL) low-density lipoprotein. LOX-1 and oxLDL are fundamental in atherosclerosis, where oxLDL/LOX1 promotes ROS generation and NF-κB activation inducing the expression of IL-6, a STAT3 activator. Furthermore, LOX-1/oxLDL function has been associated with other diseases, such as obesity, hypertension, and cancer. In prostate cancer (CaP), LOX-1 overexpression is associated with advanced stages, and its activation by oxLDL induces an epithelial-mesenchymal transition, increasing angiogenesis and proliferation. Interestingly, enzalutamide-resistant CaP cells increase the uptake of acLDL. Enzalutamide is an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treatment, and a high percentage of patients develop a resistance to this drug. The decreased cytotoxicity is promoted in part by STAT3 and NF-κB activation that induces the secretion of the pro-inflammatory program and the expression of AR and its splicing variant AR-V7. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that oxLDL/LOX-1 increases ROS levels and activates NF-κB, inducing IL-6 secretion and the activation of STAT3 in CRPC cells. Furthermore, oxLDL/LOX1 increases AR and AR-V7 expression and decreases enzalutamide cytotoxicity in CRPC. Thus, our investigation suggests that new factors associated with cardiovascular pathologies, such as LOX-1/oxLDL, may also promote important signaling axes for the progression of CRPC and its resistance to drugs used for its treatment.
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Bhardwaj A, Liyanage SI, Weaver DF. Cancer and Alzheimer's Inverse Correlation: an Immunogenetic Analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3086-3099. [PMID: 36797545 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated an inverse link between cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD), with data suggesting that people with Alzheimer's have a decreased risk of cancer and vice versa. Although other studies have investigated mechanisms to explain this relationship, the connection between these two diseases remains largely unexplained. Processes seen in cancer, such as decreased apoptosis and increased cell proliferation, seem to be reversed in AD. Given the need for effective therapeutic strategies for AD, comparisons with cancer could yield valuable insights into the disease process and perhaps result in new treatments. Here, through a review of existing literature, we compared the expressions of genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis to establish a genetic basis for the reciprocal association between AD and cancer. We discuss an array of genes involved in the aforementioned processes, their relevance to both diseases, and how changes in those genes produce varying effects in either disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bhardwaj
- Krembil Discovery Tower, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - S Imindu Liyanage
- Krembil Discovery Tower, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Discovery Tower, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada.
- Departments of Medicine and Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Ji Y, Zhang R, Han X, Zhou J. Targeting the N-terminal domain of the androgen receptor: The effective approach in therapy of CRPC. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115077. [PMID: 36587421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is dominant in prostate cancer (PCa) pathology. Current therapeutic agents for advanced PCa include androgen synthesis inhibitors and AR antagonists that bind to the hormone binding pocket (HBP) at the ligand binding domain (LBD). However, AR amplification, AR splice variants (AR-Vs) expression, and intra-tumoral de novo synthesis of androgens result in the reactivation of AR signalling. The AR N-terminal domain (NTD) plays an essential role in AR transcriptional activity. The AR inhibitor targeting NTD could potentially block the activation of both full-length AR and AR-Vs, thus overcoming major resistance mechanisms to current treatments. This review discusses the progress of research in various NTD inhibitors and provides new insight into the development of AR-NTD inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ji
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, PR China; Drug Development and Innovation Center, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Rongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, PR China; Drug Development and Innovation Center, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Han
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, PR China; Drug Development and Innovation Center, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, PR China; Drug Development and Innovation Center, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, PR China.
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6
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Geng Q, Wang J, Zhang W, Zhou W, Tang G, Gu M. Oncostatin M receptor is overexpressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma and connected to poor prognosis. J Oral Pathol Med 2023; 52:136-144. [PMID: 36207791 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncostatin M receptor is an interleukin 6 receptor with great influence on inflammation and cancer progression. However, the function of oncostatin M receptor in oral squamous cell carcinoma remains unknown. METHODS Oncostatin M receptor expression was explored with TIMER and TCGA databases. The mRNA and protein expressions of oncostatin M receptor were detected in oral tissues. The association between oncostatin M receptor expression and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed, and the prognostic value of oncostatin M receptor was determined. Immune statues of oncostatin M receptor were analyzed by TIMER and TISIDB. The underlying mechanisms of oncostatin M receptor in oral squamous cell carcinoma was also explored preliminarily. RESULTS Oncostatin M receptor was dysregulated in many cancers. Both mRNA and protein levels of oncostatin M receptor in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues were significantly higher than that in normal oral tissues. Oncostatin M receptor expression was connected to differentiation, lymph node metastasis, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, perineural invasion and vascular invasion. Oncostatin M receptor expression was an independent prognostic factor associated with overall survivals. Oncostatin M receptor expression was significantly related to CD8+ T cell and interleukin 6 receptor. High oncostatin M receptor expression was associated with focal adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction, and JAK/STAT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Oncostatin M receptor was overexpressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma and related to overall survival. Oncostatin M receptor expression has potential to become an effective prognostic biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Geng
- The Fifth Outpatient Department, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Fifth Outpatient Department, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Genxiong Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyan Gu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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7
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Marsdenia tenacissima injection induces the apoptosis of prostate cancer by regulating the AKT/GSK3β/STAT3 signaling axis. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:113-126. [PMID: 36871979 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Marsdenia tenacissima injection, a standard Marsdenia tenacissima extract (MTE), has been approved as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for various cancers. Our previous study showed that MTE inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa) cells. However, the underlying mechanisms and active ingredients of MTE against PCa were not completely understood. This study revealed that MTE induced significant decreases in cell viability and clonal growth in PCa cells. In addition, MTE induced the apoptosis of DU145 cells by reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing the expression of Cleaved Caspase 3/7, Cyt c, and Bax. In vivo, DU145 xenografted NOD-SCID mice treated with MTE showed significantly decreased tumor size. TUNEL staining and Western blot confirmed the pro-apoptotic effects of MTE. Network pharmacology analysis collected 196 ingredients of MTE linked to 655 potential targets, and 709 PCa-associated targets were retrieved, from which 149 overlapped targets were screened out. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the HIF-1, PI3K-AKT, and ErbB signaling pathways were closely related to tumor apoptosis. Western blot results confirmed that MTE increased the expression of p-AKTSer473 and p-GSK3βSer9, and decreased the expression of p-STAT3Tyr705in vitro and in vivo. A total of 13 compounds in MTE were identified by HPLC-CAD-QTOF-MS/MS and UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Molecular docking analysis indicated that six compounds may interact with AKT, GSK3β, and STAT3. In conclusion, MTE induces the endogenous mitochondrial apoptosis of PCa by regulating the AKT/GSK3β/STAT3 signaling axis, resulting in inhibition of PCa growth in vitro and in vivo.
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8
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Zhang ZH, Liu MD, Yao K, Xu S, Yu DX, Xie DD, Xu DX. Vitamin D deficiency aggravates growth and metastasis of prostate cancer through promoting EMT in two β-catenin-related mechanisms. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109177. [PMID: 36223833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency is associated with prostate cancer progression, but its mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated effects of vitamin D deficiency on growth and metastasis of prostate cancer. Nude mice and Transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice were fed with vitamin D-deficient (VDD) diets. Prostate cancer growth was aggravated in VDD diet-fed nude mice and TRAMP mice. Invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer were exacerbated in VDD diet-fed TRAMP mice. In vitro experiments showed that calcitriol, an active vitamin D3, inhibited migration and invasion in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 -stimulated and -unstimulated PC-3 and DU145 cells. Mechanistically, calcitriol inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in TGF-β1 -stimulated and -unstimulated DU145 cells. Unexpectedly, calcitriol did not inhibit Smad2/3 phosphorylation in TGF-β1-stimulated DU145 cells. Instead, calcitriol downregulated expression of proliferation-, metastasis- and EMT-related genes, includes Cyclin D1, MMP7, and Zeb1, by inhibiting interaction between TCF4 and β-catenin. In addition, calcitriol promoted interaction between cytoplasmic VDR and β-catenin, reduced β-catenin phosphorylation and elevated β-catenin/E-cadherin adherens junction complex formation. We provide novel evidence that vitamin D deficiency aggravates growth and metastasis of prostate cancer possibly through promoting EMT in two β-catenin-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-Dong Liu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shen Xu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De-Xin Yu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dong-Dong Xie
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Urology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China.
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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9
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Méndez-Clemente A, Bravo-Cuellar A, González-Ochoa S, Santiago-Mercado M, Palafox-Mariscal L, Jave-Suárez L, Solorzano-Ibarra F, Villaseñor-García M, Ortiz-Lazareno P, Hernández-Flores G. Dual STAT‑3 and IL‑6R inhibition with stattic and tocilizumab decreases migration, invasion and proliferation of prostate cancer cells by targeting the IL‑6/IL‑6R/STAT‑3 axis. Oncol Rep 2022; 48:138. [PMID: 35703345 PMCID: PMC9245073 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a key public health problem worldwide; at diagnosis, a high percentage of patients exhibit tumor cell invasion of adjacent tissue. STAT‑3, IL‑6 receptor (R) and IL‑6 serum levels are associated with enhanced PCa migratory, invasive, clonogenic and metastatic ability. Inhibiting the STAT‑3 pathway at different levels (cytokines, receptors, and kinases) exhibits relative success in cancer. The present study investigated the effect of Stattic (Stt) + Tocilizumab (Tcz) on proliferative, clonogenic, migratory and invasive ability of human metastatic PCa (assessed by colony formation, wound healing and migration assay). RWPE‑1 (epithelial prostate immortalized cells), 22Rv1 (Tumor cells), LNCaP (Metastatic cells) and DU‑145 (metastatic, castration‑resistant prostate cells) cells were used in vitro to evaluate levels of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors (Cytometric Bead Array), STAT‑3, phosphorylated STAT‑3 (In‑Cell Western), IL‑6R, vimentin and epithelial (E‑) cadherin (Western Blot). The effect of inhibition of STAT‑3 (expressed constitutively in DU‑145 cells) with Stt and/or Tcz on expression levels of vimentin, VEGF, and E‑cadherin, as well as proliferative, clonogenic, migratory and invasive capacity of metastatic PCa cells was assessed. The expression levels of IL‑6, C‑X‑C chemokine ligand 8, VEGF and vimentin, as well as proliferation and migration, were increased in metastatic PCa cells. Treatment with Stt or Tcz decreased vimentin and VEGF and increased E‑cadherin expression levels and inhibited proliferative, clonogenic, migratory and invasive capacity of DU‑145 cells; addition of IL‑6 decreased this inhibitory effect. However, Stt + Tcz maintained inhibition even in the present of high concentrations of IL‑6. Stt + Tcz decreased expression of vimentin and VEGF and inhibited the proliferative, clonogenic, migratory and invasive capacity of metastatic PCa cells. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to combine Stt, a STAT‑3 inhibitor, with Tcz, an antibody against IL‑6R, to target tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anibal Méndez-Clemente
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences Orientation Immunology, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Alejandro Bravo-Cuellar
- Immunology Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Salvador González-Ochoa
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences Orientation Immunology, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Maria Santiago-Mercado
- Immunology Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Luis Palafox-Mariscal
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences Orientation Immunology, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Luis Jave-Suárez
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences Orientation Immunology, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Fabiola Solorzano-Ibarra
- Chronic Degenerative Diseases Research Institute Postdoctoral Stays Program for Mexico 2021, Department of Molecular and Genomic Biology, University of Guadalajara (UdeG), University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Maria Villaseñor-García
- Immunology Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Pablo Ortiz-Lazareno
- Immunology Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Georgina Hernández-Flores
- Immunology Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
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Hellsten R, Stiehm A, Palominos M, Persson M, Bjartell A. The STAT3 inhibitor GPB730 enhances the sensitivity to enzalutamide in prostate cancer cells. Transl Oncol 2022; 24:101495. [PMID: 35917644 PMCID: PMC9344336 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzalutamide is a second-generation anti-androgen which has shown increased survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. However, some patients do not respond to this therapy or will develop resistance to treatment over time. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is known to be involved in castration-resistant prostate cancer and to interact with androgen receptor (AR)-signaling. This study aims to investigate the combination enzalutamide and the small molecule STAT3 inhibitor GPB730 for enhanced therapeutic effect in advanced prostate cancer in vitro. The prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP (androgen dependent) and C4-2 (androgen insensitive) were used. The effect of enzalutamide and GPB730, alone and in combination, was investigated on viability and IC50 values calculated. Enzalutamide and GPB730 treated LNCaP and C4-2 cells were subjected to western blot and QPCR analyses in order to investigate the expression of AR, STAT3 and down-stream targets. C4-2 were less sensitive to growth inhibition by enzalutamide than LNCaP cells. GPB730 enhanced the growth inhibitory effect of enzalutamide in LNCaP and C4-2 cells. The addition of GPB730 to enzalutamide decreased the IC50 values for enzalutamide by 3.3-fold for LNCaP and by 12-fold for C4-2. In C4-2 cells, GPB730 alone decreased PSA expression and enhanced the enzalutamide induced decrease in NKX3.1 expression. GPB730 and enzalutamide in combination enhanced inhibition of c-myc and survivin expression. This study suggests that enzalutamide may be combined with the STAT3 inhibitor GPB730 in order to enhance the efficacy of enzalutamide, offering a new therapeutic approach in advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka Hellsten
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 8, Building 404:A3, Lund SE-223 63, Sweden.
| | - Anna Stiehm
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 8, Building 404:A3, Lund SE-223 63, Sweden
| | - Macarena Palominos
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 8, Building 404:A3, Lund SE-223 63, Sweden
| | - Margareta Persson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 8, Building 404:A3, Lund SE-223 63, Sweden
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 8, Building 404:A3, Lund SE-223 63, Sweden; Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 5, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
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11
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ARPC1A is regulated by STAT3 to inhibit ferroptosis and promote prostate cancer progression. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1591-1601. [DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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Shen D, Peng H, Xia C, Deng Z, Tong X, Wang G, Qian K. The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Signaling Pathways in Prostate Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:939070. [PMID: 35923466 PMCID: PMC9339612 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.939070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common male malignancies with frequent remote invasion and metastasis, leading to high mortality. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process in embryonic development and plays a key role in tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could regulate the occurrence and development of EMT through various complex molecular mechanisms involving multiple signaling pathways in PCa. Given the importance of EMT and lncRNAs in the progression of tumor metastasis, we recapitulate the research progress of EMT-related signaling pathways regulated by lncRNAs in PCa, including AR signaling, STAT3 signaling, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling, TGF-β/Smad and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, we summarize four modes of how lncRNAs participate in the EMT process of PCa via regulating relevant signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Shen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongwei Peng
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Caixia Xia
- President’s Office, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Deng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Tong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Wang, ; Kaiyu Qian,
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Wang, ; Kaiyu Qian,
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Zhong W, Wu K, Long Z, Zhou X, Zhong C, Wang S, Lai H, Guo Y, Lv D, Lu J, Mao X. Gut dysbiosis promotes prostate cancer progression and docetaxel resistance via activating NF-κB-IL6-STAT3 axis. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:94. [PMID: 35710492 PMCID: PMC9202177 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is reportedly involved in the progression and chemoresistance of various human malignancies. However, the underlying mechanisms behind how it exerts some effect on prostate cancer, as an extra-intestinal tumor, in a contact-independent way remain elusive and deserve exploration. Antibiotic exposure, one of the various factors affecting the gut microbiota community and capable of causing gut dysbiosis, is associated with multiple disorders. This study aims to preliminarily clarify the link between gut dysbiosis and prostate cancer. RESULTS First, we discovered that perturbing the gut microbiota by consuming broad-spectrum antibiotics in water promoted the growth of subcutaneous and orthotopic tumors in mice. Fecal microbiota transplantation could transmit the effect of antibiotic exposure on tumor growth. Then, 16S rRNA sequencing for mouse feces indicated that the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly higher after antibiotic exposure. Meanwhile, intratumoral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) profoundly increased under the elevation of gut permeability. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that the NF-κB-IL6-STAT3 axis activated by intratumoral LPS facilitated prostate cancer proliferation and docetaxel chemoresistance. Finally, 16S rRNA sequencing of patients' fecal samples revealed that Proteobacteria was enriched in patients with metastatic prostate cancer and was positively correlated with plasma IL6 level, regional lymph node metastasis status, and distant metastasis status. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the relative abundance of Proteobacteria had better performance than the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in predicting the probability of distant metastasis in prostate cancer (area under the ROC curve, 0.860; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Collectively, this research demonstrated that gut dysbiosis, characterized by the enrichment of Proteobacteria due to antibiotic exposure, resulted in the elevation of gut permeability and intratumoral LPS, promoting the development of prostate cancer via the NF-κB-IL6-STAT3 axis in mice. Considering findings from human patients, Proteobacteria might act as an intestinal biomarker for progressive prostate cancer. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Zhong
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Kaihui Wu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Zining Long
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xumin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Chuanfan Zhong
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Houhua Lai
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yufei Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Daojun Lv
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
| | - Jianming Lu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
- Department of Andrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
| | - Xiangming Mao
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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14
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Hua Y, Yuan X, Shen YH, Wang J, Azeem W, Yang S, Gade A, Lellahi SM, Øyan AM, Ke X, Zhang WD, Kalland KH. Novel STAT3 Inhibitors Targeting STAT3 Dimerization by Binding to the STAT3 SH2 Domain. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:836724. [PMID: 35712699 PMCID: PMC9196127 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.836724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our drug discovery model has identified two novel STAT3 SH2 domain inhibitors 323–1 and 323–2 (delavatine A stereoisomers) in a series of experiments. In silico computational modeling, drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS), and fluorescence polarization (FP) assays altogether determined that 323–1 and 323–2 directly target the STAT3 SH2 domain and inhibited both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated STAT3 dimerization. Computational docking predicted that compound 323s bind to three subpockets of the STAT3 SH2 domain. The 323s inhibition of STAT3 dimerization was more potent than the commercial STAT3 SH2 domain inhibitor S3I-201 in the co-immunoprecipitation assay, correlating with computational docking data. The fluorescence polarization assay further confirmed that the compound 323s target the STAT3 SH2 domain by competitively abrogating the interaction between STAT3 and the SH2-binding peptide GpYLPQTV. Compared with S3I-201, the 323 compounds exhibited stronger inhibition of STAT3 and reduced the level of IL-6-stimulated phosphorylation of STAT3 (Tyr705) in LNCaP cells over the phosphorylation of STAT1 (Tyr701) induced by IFN-ɣ in PC3 cells or the phosphorylation of STAT1 (Ser727) in DU145 cells. Both compounds downregulated STAT3 target genes MCL1 and cyclin D1. Thus, the two compounds are promising lead compounds for the treatment of cancers with hyper-activated STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Hua
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Yaping Hua, ; Wei-dong Zhang, ; Karl-Henning Kalland,
| | - Xing Yuan
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-heng Shen
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Waqas Azeem
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Helse Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Alexandra Gade
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Seyed Mohammad Lellahi
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Margrete Øyan
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Helse Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xisong Ke
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-dong Zhang
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yaping Hua, ; Wei-dong Zhang, ; Karl-Henning Kalland,
| | - Karl-Henning Kalland
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Helse Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Yaping Hua, ; Wei-dong Zhang, ; Karl-Henning Kalland,
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15
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Combination Blockade of the IL6R/STAT-3 Axis with TIGIT and Its Impact on the Functional Activity of NK Cells against Prostate Cancer Cells. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:1810804. [PMID: 35465350 PMCID: PMC9020142 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1810804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims. Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the neoplasms with the highest incidence and mortality rate in men worldwide. Advanced stages of the disease are usually very aggressive, and most are treated with chemotherapeutic drugs that generally cause side effects in these patients. However, additional therapeutic targets such as the IL6R/STAT-3 axis and TIGIT have been proposed, mainly due to their relevance in the development of PCa and regulation of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Here, we evaluate the effect of inhibitors directed against these therapeutic targets primarily via an analysis of NK cell function versus prostate cancer cells. Methods. We analyzed the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in 22Rv1, LNCaP, and DU145 cells. In these cells, we also evaluated the expression of NK ligands, IL6R, STAT-3, and phosporylated STAT-3. In NK-92 cells, we evaluated the effects of Stattic (Stt) and tocilizumab (Tcz) on NK receptors. In addition, we assessed if the disruption of the IL6R/STAT-3 pathway and blockade of TIGIT potentiated the cytotoxicity of NK-92 cells versus DU145 cells. Results. DU145 abundantly secretes M-CSF, VEGF, IL-6, CXCL8, and TGF-β. Furthermore, the expression of CD155 was found to increase in accordance with aggressiveness and metastatic status in the prostate cancer cells. Stt and Tcz induce a decrease in STAT-3 phosphorylation in the DU145 cells and, in turn, induce an increase of NKp46 and a decrease of TIGIT expression in NK-92 cells. Finally, the disruption of the IL6R/STAT-3 axis in prostate cancer cells and the blocking of TIGIT on NK-92 were observed to increase the cytotoxicity of NK-92 cells against DU145 cells through an increase in sFasL, granzyme A, granzyme B, and granulysin. Conclusions. Our results reveal that the combined use of inhibitors directed against the IL6R/STAT-3 axis and TIGIT enhances the functional activity of NK cells against castration-resistant prostate cancer cells.
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16
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Zhang Q, Zhou XM, Wei SZ, Cui DS, Deng KL, Liang G, Luo Y, Luo B, Liang XJ. STAT3 as a target for sensitizing prostate cancer cells to irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2022; 63:174-182. [PMID: 34970978 PMCID: PMC8944309 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Radioresistance of prostate cancer (PCa) is a major factor leading to local failure of radiotherapy. STAT3 is an oncogenic protein that was recently found to be activated in PCa tumors. This study aimed to investigate the radiosensitization effect of targeting STAT3 in PCa tumors. Here, the radiosensitization effect of STAT3 blockade was investigated by clonogenic assay, flow cytometry and western blot analysis in human PCa cells in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that STAT3 blockade with a STAT3 inhibitor or siRNA increased the radiosensitivity of PCa cells and that radiation together with STAT3 blockade induced more apoptosis and double-strand breaks (DSBs) than radiation alone in LNCaP cells. In addition, radiation induced STAT3 activation and survivin expression in PCa cells, which was inhibited by STAT3 blockade. Transfection with survivin cDNA attenuated the radiosensitization effect of STAT3 blockade. These effects were further confirmed by in vivo studies, which showed that the STAT3 inhibitor enhanced the treatment efficacy of radiation on LNCaP xenografts with decreased STAT3 activation and survivin expression. These findings suggest that STAT3 blockade radiosensitizes PCa cells through regulation of survivin. Thus, our study has revealed STAT3 as a potential sensitizer for irradiation in PCa cells. Its clinical application as an adjuvant in radiotherapy of PCa should be explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shao-Zhong Wei
- Department of Urology Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dian-Sheng Cui
- Department of Urology Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang-Li Deng
- Department of Urology Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gai Liang
- Department of Radiotherapy Center, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy Center, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Luo
- Corresponding author. No. 116 Zhuodaoquan South Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430000, People’s Republic of China. Telephone: 86-27-87287963;
| | - Xin-Jun Liang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Association of STAT3, PTPRT, TNK2-AS1, LINC-ROR Genes Expression Level with Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.120188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) are highly prevalent heterogeneous disorders among men. Since angiogenesis is the key step in cancer progression, the deregulation of genes involved in this process may play a role in cancer development. Objectives: We evaluated the expression level of 4 angiogenesis-related genes including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type T (PTPRT), TNK2 antisense RNA 1 (TNK2-AS1), and long intergenic non-protein coding rna-regulator of reprogramming (LINC-ROR) in patients with PCa and BPH. Methods: The expression level of STAT3, PTPRT, TNK2-AS1, and LINC-ROR genes in tumoral and adjacent non-cancerous tissue (ANCT) samples of 50 PCa patients and tissue samples from 50 BPH patients were evaluated, using the real-time PCR method. The statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the association between genes expression and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with PCa. Results: The expression level of STAT3 and LINC-ROR was upregulated in tumoral tissues compared to ANCTs (P < 0.0001 for both). Only the expression level of STAT3 in PCa was higher than in BPH tissues (P = 0.001). The elevated expression of STAT3 was associated with the higher grade group of the tumor (P = 0.03). Also, the high expression level of PTPRT and LINC-ROR genes was associated with a higher stage of cancer in patients with PCa (P = 0.002, P = 0.0001 respectively). The STAT3 gene transcript level had an excellent diagnostic power for discrimination between tumoral tissue and the ANCTs with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93. Conclusions: The higher expression of STAT3 and LINC-ROR suggested a role in the pathogenesis of PCa in higher stages. Also, STAT3 expression level could be suggested as a potential biomarker for PCa in combination with PSA level.
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18
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Ebersbach C, Beier AMK, Hönscheid P, Sperling C, Jöhrens K, Baretton GB, Thomas C, Sommer U, Borkowetz A, Erb HHH. Influence of Systemic Therapy on the Expression and Activity of Selected STAT Proteins in Prostate Cancer Tissue. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020240. [PMID: 35207527 PMCID: PMC8877682 DOI: 10.3390/life12020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) proteins have been identified as drivers of prostate cancer (PCa) progression and development of aggressive castration-resistant phenotypes. In particular, STAT3, 5, and 6 have been linked to resistance to androgen receptor inhibition and metastasis in in vitro and in vivo models. This descriptive study aimed to validate these preclinical data in tissue obtained from patients with PCa before and while under androgen-deprivation therapy. Therefore, STAT3, 5, and 6 expressions and activity were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The data revealed that STAT3 and 5 changed in PCa. However, there was no relationship between expression and survival. Moreover, due to the heterogeneous nature of PCa, the preclinical results could not be transferred congruently to the patient’s material. A pilot study with a longitudinal patient cohort could also show this heterogeneous influence of systemic therapy on STAT3, 5, and 6 expressions and activity. Even if the main mechanisms were validated, these data demonstrate the urge for better patient-near preclinical models. Therefore, these data reflect the need for investigations of STAT proteins in a longitudinal patient cohort to identify factors responsible for the diverse influence of system therapy on STAT expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Ebersbach
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.T.); (A.B.)
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Department of Urology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alicia-Marie K. Beier
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.T.); (A.B.)
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Department of Urology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pia Hönscheid
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.H.); (C.S.); (K.J.); (G.B.B.); (U.S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Sperling
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.H.); (C.S.); (K.J.); (G.B.B.); (U.S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Korinna Jöhrens
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.H.); (C.S.); (K.J.); (G.B.B.); (U.S.)
- Tumor and Normal Tissue Bank of the University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gustavo B. Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.H.); (C.S.); (K.J.); (G.B.B.); (U.S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Tumor and Normal Tissue Bank of the University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Thomas
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.T.); (A.B.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sommer
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.H.); (C.S.); (K.J.); (G.B.B.); (U.S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Tumor and Normal Tissue Bank of the University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Angelika Borkowetz
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Holger H. H. Erb
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.T.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Nuclear expression of pSTAT3Tyr705 and pSTAT3Ser727 in the stromal compartment of localized hormone-naïve prostate cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 232:153811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yeh SJ, Chung YC, Chen BS. Investigating the Role of Obesity in Prostate Cancer and Identifying Biomarkers for Drug Discovery: Systems Biology and Deep Learning Approaches. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030900. [PMID: 35164166 PMCID: PMC8840188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer for men and is viewed as the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. The body mass index (BMI) is taken as a vital criterion to elucidate the association between obesity and PCa. In this study, systematic methods are employed to investigate how obesity influences the noncutaneous malignancies of PCa. By comparing the core signaling pathways of lean and obese patients with PCa, we are able to investigate the relationships between obesity and pathogenic mechanisms and identify significant biomarkers as drug targets for drug discovery. Regarding drug design specifications, we take drug–target interaction, drug regulation ability, and drug toxicity into account. One deep neural network (DNN)-based drug–target interaction (DTI) model is trained in advance for predicting drug candidates based on the identified biomarkers. In terms of the application of the DNN-based DTI model and the consideration of drug design specifications, we suggest two potential multiple-molecule drugs to prevent PCa (covering lean and obese PCa) and obesity-specific PCa, respectively. The proposed multiple-molecule drugs (apigenin, digoxin, and orlistat) not only help to prevent PCa, suppressing malignant metastasis, but also result in lower production of fatty acids and cholesterol, especially for obesity-specific PCa.
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21
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Wu L, Shen B, Li J, Zhang H, Zhang K, Yang Y, Zu Z, Shen D, Luo M. STAT3 exerts pro-tumor and anti-autophagy roles in cervical cancer. Diagn Pathol 2022; 17:13. [PMID: 35057825 PMCID: PMC8772194 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-021-01182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
STAT3 plays an important role in cervical cancer. LC3B, the most potential molecular biomarker of autophagy that may promote or inhibit cancer progression, can be downregulated by STAT3. However the role of STAT3 in the autophagy of cervical cancer remains unclear.
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between STAT3 and LC3B in protein level, and verify whether STAT3 promotes proliferation, migration and plate colony formation by inhibiting autophagy of cervical cancer cells through bcl2-beclin1 axis.
Results
STAT3 was overexpressed in cervical cancer tissues, and negatively correlated with the expression level of LC3B. STAT3 knockout or knockdown significantly increased the autophagy level and decreased proliferation, migration, plate colony formation and subcutaneous tumorigenesis of cervical cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. STAT3 is known to mediate autophagy through Bcl2-Beclin1 complex. Bcl2 was positively whereas Beclin1 negatively correlated with STAT3 expression, indicating that Bcl2-Beclin1 complex involved in this transition.
Conclusion
STAT3 may upregulate the autophagy level of cervical cancer cells through the Bcl2-Beclin1 axis. This indicates that STAT3 may be an important prognostic and therapeutic target for cervical cancer.
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22
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Palicelli A, Croci S, Bisagni A, Zanetti E, De Biase D, Melli B, Sanguedolce F, Ragazzi M, Zanelli M, Chaux A, Cañete-Portillo S, Bonasoni MP, Soriano A, Ascani S, Zizzo M, Castro Ruiz C, De Leo A, Giordano G, Landriscina M, Carrieri G, Cormio L, Berney DM, Gandhi J, Copelli V, Bernardelli G, Santandrea G, Bonacini M. What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 3: PD-L1, Intracellular Signaling Pathways and Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12330. [PMID: 34830209 PMCID: PMC8618001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes immune (T, B, NK, dendritic), stromal, mesenchymal, endothelial, adipocytic cells, extracellular matrix, and cytokines/chemokines/soluble factors regulating various intracellular signaling pathways (ISP) in tumor cells. TME influences the survival/progression of prostate cancer (PC), enabling tumor cell immune-evasion also through the activation of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. We have performed a systematic literature review according to the PRISMA guidelines, to investigate how the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is influenced by TME and ISPs. Tumor immune-escape mechanisms include suppression/exhaustion of tumor infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes, inhibition of tumor suppressive NK cells, increase in immune-suppressive immune cells (regulatory T, M2 macrophagic, myeloid-derived suppressor, dendritic, stromal, and adipocytic cells). IFN-γ (the most investigated factor), TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, IL-15, IL-27, complement factor C5a, and other soluble molecules secreted by TME components (and sometimes increased in patients' serum), as well as and hypoxia, influenced the regulation of PD-L1. Experimental studies using human and mouse PC cell lines (derived from either androgen-sensitive or androgen-resistant tumors) revealed that the intracellular ERK/MEK, Akt-mTOR, NF-kB, WNT and JAK/STAT pathways were involved in PD-L1 upregulation in PC. Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling by using immunotherapy drugs can prevent tumor immune-escape, increasing the anti-tumor activity of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Palicelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Stefania Croci
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Alessandra Bisagni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Eleonora Zanetti
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Melli
- Fertility Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | | | - Moira Ragazzi
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Magda Zanelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Alcides Chaux
- Department of Scientific Research, School of Postgraduate Studies, Norte University, Asunción 1614, Paraguay;
| | - Sofia Cañete-Portillo
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Maria Paola Bonasoni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Alessandra Soriano
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Gastroenterology Division, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Ascani
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy;
- Haematopathology Unit, CREO, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zizzo
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Carolina Castro Ruiz
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Antonio De Leo
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Guido Giordano
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Carrieri
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Luigi Cormio
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Daniel M. Berney
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 5PZ, UK;
| | - Jatin Gandhi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Valerio Copelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuditta Bernardelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Giacomo Santandrea
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Martina Bonacini
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
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A Prostate Cancer Proteomics Database for SWATH-MS Based Protein Quantification. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215580. [PMID: 34771740 PMCID: PMC8582933 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer is the third most frequent cancer in men worldwide, with a notable increase in prevalence over the past two decades. The PSA is the only well-established protein biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis, staging, and surveillance. It frequently leads to inaccurate diagnosis and overtreatment since it is an organ-specific biomarker rather than a tumour-specific biomarker. As a result, one of the primary goals of prostate cancer proteome research is to identify novel biomarkers that can be used with or instead of PSA, particularly in non-invasive blood samples. Thousands of peptides or assays were detected in blood samples from patients with low- to high-grade prostate cancer and healthy individuals, allowing data processing of sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS). By assisting in the detection of prostate cancer biomarkers in blood samples, this useful resource will improve our understanding of the role of proteomics in prostate cancer diagnosis and risk assessment. Abstract Prostate cancer is the most frequent form of cancer in men, accounting for more than one-third of all cases. Current screening techniques, such as PSA testing used in conjunction with routine procedures, lead to unnecessary biopsies and the discovery of low-risk tumours, resulting in overdiagnosis. SWATH-MS is a well-established data-independent (DI) method requiring prior knowledge of targeted peptides to obtain valuable information from SWATH maps. In response to the growing need to identify and characterise protein biomarkers for prostate cancer, this study explored a spectrum source for targeted proteome analysis of blood samples. We created a comprehensive prostate cancer serum spectral library by combining data-dependent acquisition (DDA) MS raw files from 504 patients with low, intermediate, or high-grade prostate cancer and healthy controls, as well as 304 prostate cancer-related protein in silico assays. The spectral library contains 114,684 transitions, which equates to 18,479 peptides translated into 1227 proteins. The robustness and accuracy of the spectral library were assessed to boost confidence in the identification and quantification of prostate cancer-related proteins across an independent cohort, resulting in the identification of 404 proteins. This unique database can facilitate researchers to investigate prostate cancer protein biomarkers in blood samples. In the real-world use of the spectrum library for biomarker detection, using a signature of 17 proteins, a clear distinction between the validation cohort’s pre- and post-treatment groups was observed. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD028651.
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Ebersbach C, Beier AMK, Thomas C, Erb HHH. Impact of STAT Proteins in Tumor Progress and Therapy Resistance in Advanced and Metastasized Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4854. [PMID: 34638338 PMCID: PMC8508518 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are a family of transcription factors involved in several biological processes such as immune response, cell survival, and cell growth. However, they have also been implicated in the development and progression of several cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). Although the members of the STAT protein family are structurally similar, they convey different functions in PCa. STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 are associated with therapy resistance. STAT1 and STAT3 are involved in docetaxel resistance, while STAT3 and STAT5 are involved in antiandrogen resistance. Expression of STAT3 and STAT5 is increased in PCa metastases, and together with STAT6, they play a crucial role in PCa metastasis. Further, expression of STAT3, STAT5, and STAT6 was elevated in advanced and high-grade PCa. STAT2 and STAT4 are currently less researched in PCa. Since STATs are widely involved in PCa, they serve as potential therapeutic targets. Several inhibitors interfering with STATs signaling have been tested unsuccessfully in PCa clinical trials. This review focuses on the respective roles of the STAT family members in PCa, especially in metastatic disease and provides an overview of STAT-inhibitors evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Ebersbach
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.T.)
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Department of Urology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alicia-Marie K. Beier
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.T.)
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Department of Urology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Thomas
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Holger H. H. Erb
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.T.)
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25
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Fang K, Zhan Y, Zhu R, Wang Y, Wu C, Sun M, Qiu Y, Yuan Z, Liang X, Yin P, Xu K. Bufalin suppresses tumour microenvironment-mediated angiogenesis by inhibiting the STAT3 signalling pathway. J Transl Med 2021; 19:383. [PMID: 34496870 PMCID: PMC8424978 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiangiogenic therapy has increasingly become an important strategy for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Recent studies have shown that the tumour microenvironment (TME) promotes tumour angiogenesis. Bufalin is an active antitumour compound whose efficacy has been indicated by previous studies. However, there are very few studies on the antiangiogenic effects of bufalin. METHODS Herein, human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) tube formation, migration and adhesion tests were used to assess angiogenesis in vitro. Western blotting and quantitative PCR were used to detect relevant protein levels and mRNA expression levels. A subcutaneous xenograft tumour model and a hepatic metastasis model were established in mice to investigate the influence of bufalin on angiogenesis mediated by the TME in vivo. RESULTS We found that angiogenesis mediated by cells in the TME was significantly inhibited in the presence of bufalin. The results demonstrated that the proangiogenic genes in HUVECs, such as VEGF, PDGFA, E-selectin and P-selectin, were downregulated by bufalin and that this downregulation was mediated by inhibition of the STAT3 pathway. Overexpression of STAT3 reversed the inhibitory effects of bufalin on angiogenesis. Furthermore, there was little reduction in angiogenesis when bufalin directly acted on the cells in the tumour microenvironment. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that bufalin suppresses tumour microenvironment-mediated angiogenesis by inhibiting the STAT3 signalling pathway in vascular endothelial cells, revealing that bufalin may be used as a new antiangiogenic adjuvant therapy medicine to treat colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fang
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062 China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062 China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Yueping Zhan
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062 China
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Ruiqiu Zhu
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062 China
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062 China
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062 China
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Chengqi Wu
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062 China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062 China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Min Sun
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Yanyan Qiu
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062 China
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Zeting Yuan
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062 China
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062 China
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Xin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Peihao Yin
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062 China
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062 China
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Ke Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062 China
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
- Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, 325000 China
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26
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Wang Y, Yu J. Dissecting multiple roles of SUMOylation in prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 521:88-97. [PMID: 34464672 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein modification with small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) plays dual roles in prostate cancer (PCa) tumorigenesis and development. Any intermediary of the SUMO conjugation cycle going awry may forfeit the balance between tumorigenic potential and anticancer effects. Deregulated SUMOylation on the androgen receptor and oncoproteins also takes part in this pathological process, as exemplified by STAT3/NF-κB and tumor suppressors such as PTEN and p53. Here, we outline recent developments and discoveries of SUMOylation in PCa and present an overview of its multiple roles in PCa tumorigenesis/promotion and suppression, while elucidating its potential as a therapeutic target for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jianxiu Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Culig Z. Response to Androgens and Androgen Receptor Antagonists in the Presence of Cytokines in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122944. [PMID: 34204596 PMCID: PMC8231240 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed non-cutaneous tumor in men in the Western world. Therapy for non-organ confined prostate cancer includes anti-androgens such as bicalutamide, enzalutamide and darolutamide. The androgen receptor is expressed during tumor initiation and progression. Androgen receptor could be activated by interleukins, which are produced by blood cells and adjacent stroma. These cytokines may affect response of tumor cells to anti-androgenic drugs, which are commonly used in prostate cancer therapy. There are several experimental studies showing an effect of anti-cytokine therapies in prostate cancer. However, the clinical translation is limited and more clinical trials are needed to improve action of anti-androgens in prostate cells which are stimulated by cytokines. Abstract Non-steroidal anti-androgens have a major role in the treatment of non-localized prostate cancer. Interleukins are involved in the regulation of many cellular functions in prostate cancer and also modify cellular response to anti-androgens. A specific role of selected IL is presented in this review. IL-8 is a cytokine expressed in prostate cancer tissue and microenvironment and promotes proliferation and androgen receptor-mediated transcription. In contrast, IL-1 displays negative effects on expression of androgen receptor and its target genes. A subgroup of prostate cancers show neuroendocrine differentiation, which may be in part stimulated by androgen ablation. A similar effect was observed after treatment of cells with IL-10. Another cytokine which is implicated in regulation of androgenic response is IL-23, secreted by myeloid cells. Most studies on androgens and IL were carried out with IL-6, which acts through the signal transducer and activator of the transcription (STAT) factor pathway. IL-6 is implicated in resistance to enzalutamide. Activation of the STAT-3 pathway is associated with increased cellular stemness. IL-6 activation of the androgen receptor in some prostate cancers is associated with increased growth in vitro and in vivo. Molecules such as galiellalactone or niclosamide have an inhibitory effect on both androgen receptor and STAT-3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Culig
- Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Thulin MH, Määttä J, Linder A, Sterbova S, Ohlsson C, Damber JE, Widmark A, Persson E. Inhibition of STAT3 prevents bone metastatic progression of prostate cancer in vivo. Prostate 2021; 81:452-462. [PMID: 33822400 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PC) metastasizes to the skeleton forming predominantly sclerotic lesions, and there is currently no cure for bone metastatic disease. The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is implicated as a metastatic driver, but its potential as therapeutic target in bone metastasis has not been investigated. In this study, we evaluated for the first time a STAT3 inhibitor, Napabucasin, as a therapeutic option for bone metastatic PC. METHODS Effects of STAT3 inhibitors, Stattic and Napabucasin, on metastatic potential in PC cells were studied in vitro by assessment of migration capacity, self-renewal potential, and tumorsphere formation. For evaluation of the role of STAT3 in initial skeletal establishment of PC cells as well as in progressed castration-resistant PC (CRPC) in bone, human VCaP prostate cancer cells were inoculated in the tibia of mice which subsequently were treated with the STAT3 inhibitor Napabucasin. Bone specimens were analyzed using computed tomography (CT), immunohistochemistry, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The small molecule STAT3 inhibitors Stattic and Napabucasin both effectively impaired metastatic potential of PC cells in vitro. Furthermore, treatment with Napabucasin prevented metastatic establishment in tibial bones in vivo and thereby also the tumor-induced sclerotic bone response seen in vehicle-treated VCaP xenografts. In addition, treatment with Napabucasin of established bone CRPC significantly decreased both tumor burden and tumor-induced trabecular bone volume compared with effects seen in vehicle-treated animals. Anti-mitotic effects were confirmed by decreased Ki67 staining in Napabucasin-treated xenografts compared with vehicle-treated xenografts. Alterations of gene expression in the femoral bone marrow (BM) niche toward the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells and the myeloid lineage were demonstrated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and were further reflected by a substantial increase in the number of erythrocytes in BM of Napabucasin-treated mice. Furthermore, a unique pattern of STAT3 phosphorylation in osteoblasts/stromal cells surrounding the areas of tumor cells was demonstrated immunohistochemically in bone xenograft models using several different PC cell lines. CONCLUSION Inhibition of STAT3 activity disrupts the bone metastatic niche and targets both the skeletal establishment of PC and advanced bone metastatic CRPC in mice, suggesting STAT3 as a candidate for molecular targeted therapies of skeletal metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Hagberg Thulin
- Section for Oncology, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jorma Määttä
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Linder
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simona Sterbova
- Section for Oncology, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Damber
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Widmark
- Section for Oncology, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emma Persson
- Section for Oncology, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Bao X, Zhu J, Ren C, Zhao A, Zhang M, Zhu Z, Lu X, Zhang Y, Li X, Sima X, Li J, Zhang Q, Ma B. β-elemonic acid inhibits growth and triggers apoptosis in human castration-resistant prostate cancer cells through the suppression of JAK2/STAT3/MCL-1 and NF-ĸB signal pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 342:109477. [PMID: 33878321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has become a significant problem in the current treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) with the characteristics of high metastatic potential, resistance and easy recurrence. The abnormal activation of JAK2/STAT3/MCL-1 and NF-κB has been confirmed as the main reason for the development of CRPC. We previously found that β-elemonic acid (β-EA) as a natural triterpene has potential anti-inflammatory and anti-osteosarcoma effects with lower toxicity. But it remains unknown whether it had effects on CRPC. The present research in vitro and in vivo systematically investigates anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of β-EA on human CRPC. β-EA treatment resulted in apoptotic cell death in human PCa cells by mitochondrial apoptotic pathways (including up-regulation of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, and Bax or down-regulation of Bcl-2). Besides, β-EA at relatively lower levels inhibited colony-forming, the migration and invasion potential of PCa cells, indicating its anti-proliferation and anti-metastasis activities. After exploring the potential mechanism, our results suggested that it subsequently inhibited the activation of JAK2/STAT3/MCL-1 and NF-κB signaling pathway by the administration of β-EA. The silencing of NF-κB/p65, JAK2 and STAT3, respectively, increased the sensitivity of the PCa cells to β-EA induced apoptosis. Moreover, β-EA exhibited a strong affinity with its essential proteins JAK2, RELA/p65, NF-κBIα/IκBα by molecular docking analysis. Importantly, β-EA retards tumor growth in a murine xenograft model, consistent with our study in vitro. Taken together, findings from this study reveal for the first time the potential role and mechanisms of β-EA on CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoxing Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingya Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanzhao Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Sima
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Jiang H, Deng W, Zhu K, Zeng Z, Hu B, Zhou Z, Xie A, Zhang C, Fu B, Zhou X, Wang G. LINC00467 Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression via M2 Macrophage Polarization and the miR-494-3p/STAT3 Axis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:661431. [PMID: 34094954 PMCID: PMC8170392 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.661431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The long non-coding RNA LINC00467 plays a vital role in many malignancies. Nevertheless, the role of LINC00467 in prostate carcinoma (PC) is unknown. Herein, we aimed to explore the mechanism by which LINC00467 regulates PC progression. Methods We used bioinformatics analyses and RT-qPCR to investigate the expression of LINC00467 in PC tissues and cells. The function of LINC00467 in the progression of PC was confirmed by loss-of-function experiments. PC cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 and EdU assays. The cell cycle progression of PC cells was examined by flow cytometry. Moreover, Transwell assays were used to investigate the migration and invasion of PC cells. Western blot assays were used to detect the expression of factors associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition. The interactions of LINC00467 with prostate cancer progression and M2 macrophage polarization were confirmed by RT-qPCR. The subcellular localization of LINC00467 was investigated via the fractionation of nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA. Bioinformatics data analysis was used to predict the correlation of LINC00467 expression with miR-494-3p expression. LINC00467/miR-494-3p/STAT3 interactions were identified by using a dual-luciferase reporter system. Finally, the influence of LINC00467 expression on PC progression was investigated with an in vivo nude mouse model of tumorigenesis. Results We established that LINC00467 expression was upregulated in PC tissues and cells. Downregulated LINC00467 expression inhibited PC cell growth, cell cycle progression, migration, and invasion. Downregulated LINC00467 expression similarly inhibited PC cell migration via M2 macrophage polarization. Western blot analysis showed that LINC00467 could regulate the STAT3 pathway. We established that LINC00467 is mainly localized to the cytoplasm. Bioinformatics analysis and rescue experiments indicated that LINC00467 promotes PC progression via the miR-494-3p/STAT3 axis. Downregulated LINC00467 expression was also able to suppress PC tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions Our study reveals that LINC00467 promotes prostate cancer progression via M2 macrophage polarization and the miR-494-3p/STAT3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenhao Zeng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
| | | | - An Xie
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
| | - Gongxian Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
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Pihlstrøm N, Jin Y, Nenseth Z, Kuzu OF, Saatcioglu F. STAMP2 Expression Mediated by Cytokines Attenuates Their Growth-Limiting Effects in Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071579. [PMID: 33808059 PMCID: PMC8036285 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer death in men. Despite significant developments in therapy options with improved survival, no curative treatment is currently available. We have previously identified six transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) as an important factor for PCa growth and survival. We now show that STAMP2 expression is regulated by inflammatory signaling, which has recently been implicated in PCa. Two proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin 6 and interleukin 1 beta, synergize with each other to induce STAMP2 expression. Interestingly, STAMP2 knockdown increased the sensitivity of PCa cells to cytokine treatment. Thus, STAMP2 that acts as a survival factor in PCa, is both independently and synergistically regulated by inflammatory signaling that may affect disease progression. Abstract Inflammatory events and dysregulated cytokine expression are implicated in prostate cancer (PCa), but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood at present. We have previously identified six transmembrane protein of the prostate 2 (STAMP2, also known as STEAP4) as an androgen-regulated gene, as well as a key regulator of PCa growth and survival. STAMP2 is also regulated by, and participates in, inflammatory signaling in other tissues and pathologies. Here, we show that the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) significantly increase and strongly synergize in promoting STAMP2 expression in PCa cells. The two cytokines increase androgen-induced STAMP2 expression, but not expression of other known androgen target genes, suggesting a unique interplay of androgens and cytokines in regulating STAMP2 expression. Interestingly, STAMP2 knockdown significantly increased the ability of IL-6 and IL-1β to inhibit PCa cell growth in vitro. These results suggest that STAMP2 may represent a unique node through which inflammatory events mediate their effects on PCa growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicklas Pihlstrøm
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway; (N.P.); (Y.J.); (Z.N.)
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway; (N.P.); (Y.J.); (Z.N.)
| | - Zeynep Nenseth
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway; (N.P.); (Y.J.); (Z.N.)
| | - Omer F. Kuzu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway; (N.P.); (Y.J.); (Z.N.)
- Correspondence: (O.F.K.); (F.S.); Tel.: +47-22-854-569 (F.S.); Fax: +47-22-857-207 (F.S.)
| | - Fahri Saatcioglu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway; (N.P.); (Y.J.); (Z.N.)
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, 0188 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: (O.F.K.); (F.S.); Tel.: +47-22-854-569 (F.S.); Fax: +47-22-857-207 (F.S.)
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32
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Chen D, Su H, Li Y, Wu X, Li Y, Wei C, Shi D, Gao Y, Zhou Q, Wang Q, Jin X, Xie C. miR-20b and miR-125a promote tumorigenesis in radioresistant esophageal carcinoma cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9566-9581. [PMID: 33714953 PMCID: PMC8064182 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is an effective method in the management of esophageal cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play an important role in tumorigenesis. However, the roles of specific miRNAs in radioresistant esophageal cancer remain to be investigated. In present study, the relative expression level of miR-20b-5p and miR-125a-5p were evaluated by quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell counting Kit-8 assay, wound-healing assay, transwell assay were used to assess cell proliferation, cell migration and cell invasion. TUNEL and Annexin V-FITC assays were applied to evaluate cell apoptosis. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted to identify direct targets of miRNAs. The protein expression level was assessed by Western blot. The results indicated that miR-20b-5p was increased in radioresistant KYSE-150R cells compared with KYSE-150 cells, whereas miR-125a-5p was downregulated. MiR-20b-5p upregulation promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and the EMT process, and decreased apoptosis by negatively regulating PTEN. MiR-125a-5p inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, the EMT process and it induced apoptosis by negatively regulating IL6R. These data indicate that miR-20b-5p and miR-125a-5p promote tumorigenesis in radioresistant KYSE-150R cells and have the potential to be used as novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didi Chen
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huafang Su
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunhao Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoyi Wei
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Deli Shi
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingyu Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiongqiong Wang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiance Jin
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Congying Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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33
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Devlies W, Handle F, Devos G, Joniau S, Claessens F. Preclinical Models in Prostate Cancer: Resistance to AR Targeting Therapies in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:915. [PMID: 33671614 PMCID: PMC7926818 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is an androgen-driven tumor. Different prostate cancer therapies consequently focus on blocking the androgen receptor pathway. Clinical studies reported tumor resistance mechanisms by reactivating and bypassing the androgen pathway. Preclinical models allowed the identification, confirmation, and thorough study of these pathways. This review looks into the current and future role of preclinical models to understand resistance to androgen receptor-targeted therapies. Increasing knowledge on this resistance will greatly improve insights into tumor pathophysiology and future treatment strategies in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wout Devlies
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (G.D.); (S.J.)
| | - Florian Handle
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Gaëtan Devos
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (G.D.); (S.J.)
| | - Steven Joniau
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (G.D.); (S.J.)
| | - Frank Claessens
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
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McGuire JJ, Frieling JS, Lo CH, Li T, Muhammad A, Lawrence HR, Lawrence NJ, Cook LM, Lynch CC. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived interleukin-28 drives the selection of apoptosis resistant bone metastatic prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:723. [PMID: 33526787 PMCID: PMC7851397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) promotes mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) recruitment and their differentiation into osteoblasts. However, the effects of bone-marrow derived MSCs on PCa cells are less explored. Here, we report MSC-derived interleukin-28 (IL-28) triggers prostate cancer cell apoptosis via IL-28 receptor alpha (IL-28Rα)-STAT1 signaling. However, chronic exposure to MSCs drives the selection of prostate cancer cells that are resistant to IL-28-induced apoptosis and therapeutics such as docetaxel. Further, MSC-selected/IL-28-resistant prostate cancer cells grow at accelerated rates in bone. Acquired resistance to apoptosis is PCa cell intrinsic, and is associated with a shift in IL-28Rα signaling via STAT1 to STAT3. Notably, STAT3 ablation or inhibition impairs MSC-selected prostate cancer cell growth and survival. Thus, bone marrow MSCs drive the emergence of therapy-resistant bone metastatic prostate cancer yet this can be disabled by targeting STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J McGuire
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jeremy S Frieling
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chen Hao Lo
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ayaz Muhammad
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Harshani R Lawrence
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas J Lawrence
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Leah M Cook
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Conor C Lynch
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
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35
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Interleukin-6 Function and Targeting in Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1290:1-8. [PMID: 33559852 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55617-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine, which is involved in pathogenesis of several cancers. Its expression and function in prostate cancer have been extensively studied in cellular models and clinical specimens. High levels of IL-6 were detected in conditioned media from cells which do not respond to androgens. Increased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 factor which is induced in response to IL-6 is one of the typical features of prostate cancer. However, reports in the literature show regulation of neuroendocrine phenotype by IL-6. Effects of IL-6 on stimulation of proliferation, migration, and invasion lead to the establishment of experimental and clinical approaches to target IL-6. In prostate cancer, anti-IL-6 antibodies were demonstrated to inhibit growth in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, application of anti-IL-6 therapies did not improve survival of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. However, clinical trial design in the future may include different treatment schedule and combinations with experimental and clinical therapies. Endogenous inhibitors of IL-6 such as suppressors of cytokine signaling and protein inhibitors of activated STAT have variable effects on prostate cells, depending on presence or absence of the androgen receptor.
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36
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Babaei G, Khadem Ansari MH, Aziz SGG, Bazl MR. Alantolactone inhibits stem-like cell phenotype, chemoresistance and metastasis in PC3 cells through STAT3 signaling pathway. Res Pharm Sci 2020; 15:551-562. [PMID: 33828598 PMCID: PMC8020850 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.301340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Cancer stem cells (CSCs), as the subpopulation of cancer cells, are associated with carcinogenesis, chemoresistance, and metastasis in malignancies. Also, CSCs are considered as the major reason for treatment failure in prostate cancer (PCa). Alantolactone (ALT), exerts anticancer activity in different types of cancers. In the present study, the relationship between ALT and CSCs in PCa metastasis and the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of PCa were investigated. Experimental approach: In this study, to evaluate cell viability, MTT assay was performed. Then, PC3 cells were treated with nontoxic concentrations of ALT and after this step wound-healing assay, colony-formation assay and chemosensitization assay were applied to determine cell migration, the ability of colony formation, and chemoresistance, respectively. Also, real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used for the determination of genes and protein expression, respectively. Findings/Results: Our finding showed that ALT at nontoxic concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 μM) for 72 h suppressed the STAT3 phosphorylation and signaling pathway. Also, ALT was able to modulate the stemness of PCa cells through downregulation of expression of SOX2, Oct-4, Nanog, CD133, CD44, and upregulation of p53 expression. On the other hand, we further found that ALT in nontoxic concentrations sensitized PCa cells to cisplatin Conclusion and implications: ALT combated the stemness of cancer cells and metastasis by antagonizing of STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition, ALT exhibited anti-metastatic properties and may have potential as a new chemotherapy agent for the reduction of PCa metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghader Babaei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Khadem Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran
| | | | - Masoumeh Rajabi Bazl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
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37
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Ambaye ND, Yu HE. Novel anti-cancer candidates from a combinatorial peptide library. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 97:87-96. [PMID: 32659860 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
STAT3 is attractive target for development of anti-cancer therapeutics as it is implicated in nearly all forms of human tumors. To identify novel leads, we screened a combinatorial peptide library displayed on the surface of M13 bacteriophage. After three rounds of biopanning, a dodecapeptide with the YYVSWPPDMMHY sequence was found to be enriched by 36% while another with a short consensus motif was displayed in 20% of the phages. Binding analysis by isothermal titration calorimetry shows the most displayed peptide interacted with a Kd of 1.79 μM, which on modification of its structure to mimic the natural binding partners of STAT3 brought the affinity to high nanomolar range (Kd = 500 nM). Using a panel of tumor cell lines, we show that the peptides prevented the proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer cells with a moderate activity (GI50 = 50 μM). Furthermore, gene expression analysis shows the peptide reduced the expression of oncoproteins critical for tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. To find novel STAT3-interacting proteins, we searched the non-redundant sequences of the National Center for Biotechnology Information database which allowed us to identify potential binding partners of the protein. In sum, our data show the identified agents could serve as useful therapeutics candidates for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigus D Ambaye
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Hua E Yu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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38
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Ma JB, Bai JY, Zhang HB, Jia J, Shi Q, Yang C, Wang X, He D, Guo P. KLF5 inhibits STAT3 activity and tumor metastasis in prostate cancer by suppressing IGF1 transcription cooperatively with HDAC1. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:466. [PMID: 32546700 PMCID: PMC7297795 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
KLF5 is frequently deleted and downregulated in prostate cancer, and recently it has been reported that KLF5 loss is enriched in the aggressive branches of prostate cancer evolution. However, why KLF5 loss is associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness is still not clear. Herein, we analyzed KLF5 expression in TCGA and GEO database, as well as prostate cancer tissue microarray, and found that KLF5 expression significantly decreased in prostate cancer accompanying with tumor progression; moreover, KLF5 downregulation was associated with shorter survival of patients. Interestingly, we also found that KLF5 expression was obviously lower in prostate cancer metastases than in localized tissues, indicating that KLF5 downregulation is associated with prostate cancer invasion and metastasis. To assess this effect of KLF5, we knocked down KLF5 in prostate cancer cells and found that KLF5 knockdown promoted invasive ability of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we found that KLF5 downregulation enhanced the expression of IGF1 and STAT3 phosphorylation, while block of IGF1 with antibody decreased the enhancement of STAT3 activity and prostate cancer cell invasive ability by KLF5 knockdown, indicating that KLF5 inhibits prostate cancer invasion through suppressing IGF1/STAT3 pathway. Mechanistically, we found that KLF5 interacted with deacetylase HDAC1 and KLF5 is necessary for the binding of HDAC1 on IGF1 promoter to suppress IGF1 transcription. Taken together, our results indicate that KLF5 could be an important suppressor of prostate cancer invasion and metastasis, because KLF5 could suppress the transcription of IGF1, a tumor cell autocrine cytokine, and its downstream cell signaling to inhibit cell invasive ability, and reveal a novel mechanism for STAT3 activation in prostate cancer. These findings may provide evidence for the precision medicine in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bin Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ji-Yu Bai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hai-Bao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Key laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Key laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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39
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Significance of STAT3 in Immune Infiltration and Drug Response in Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060834. [PMID: 32486001 PMCID: PMC7355836 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor and regulates tumorigenesis. However, the functions of STAT3 in immune and drug response in cancer remain elusive. Hence, we aim to reveal the impact of STAT3 in immune infiltration and drug response comprehensively by bioinformatics analysis. The expression of STAT3 and its relationship with tumor stage were explored by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), Human Protein Altas (HPA), and UALCAN databases. The correlations between STAT3 and immune infiltration, gene markers of immune cells were analyzed by TIMER. Moreover, the association between STAT3 and drug response was evaluated by the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal (CTRP). The results suggested that the mRNA transcriptional level of STAT3 was lower in tumors than normal tissues and mostly unrelated to tumor stage. Besides, the protein expression of STAT3 decreased in colorectal and renal cancer compared with normal tissues. Importantly, STAT3 was correlated with immune infiltration and particularly regulated tumor-associated macrophage (TAM), M2 macrophage, T-helper 1 (Th1), follicular helper T (Treg), and exhausted T-cells. Remarkably, STAT3 was closely correlated with the response to specified inhibitors and natural compounds in cancer. Furthermore, the association between STAT3 and drug response was highly cell line type dependent. Significantly, the study provides thorough insight that STAT3 is associated with immunosuppression, as well as drug response in clinical treatment.
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40
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Huang R, Wang S, Wang N, Zheng Y, Zhou J, Yang B, Wang X, Zhang J, Guo L, Wang S, Chen Z, Wang Z, Xiang S. CCL5 derived from tumor-associated macrophages promotes prostate cancer stem cells and metastasis via activating β-catenin/STAT3 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:234. [PMID: 32300100 PMCID: PMC7162982 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) play a critical role in prostate cancer progression and metastasis, which remains an obstacle for successful prostate cancer treatment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cell population within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Systematic investigation of the interaction and network signaling between PCSCs and TAMs may help in searching for the critical target to suppress PCSCs and metastasis. Herein, we demonstrated that TAMs-secreted CCL5 could significantly promote the migration, invasion, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of prostate cancer cells as well as the self-renewal of PCSCs in vitro. QPCR screening validated STAT3 as the most significant response gene in prostate cancer cells following CCL5 treatment. RNA-sequencing and mechanistic explorations further revealed that CCL5 could promote PCSCs self-renewal and prostate cancer metastasis via activating the β-catenin/STAT3 signaling. Notably, CCL5 knockdown in TAMs not only significantly suppressed prostate cancer xenografts growth and bone metastasis but also inhibited the self-renewal and tumorigenicity of PCSCs in vivo. Finally, clinical investigations and bioinformatic analysis suggested that high CCL5 expression was significantly correlated with high Gleason grade, poor prognosis, metastasis as well as increased PCSCs activity in prostate cancer patients. Taken together, TAMs/CCL5 could promote PCSCs self-renewal and prostate cancer metastasis via activating β-catenin/STAT3 signaling. This study provides a novel rationale for developing TAMs/CCL5 as a potential molecular target for PCSCs elimination and metastatic prostate cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renlun Huang
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Neng Wang
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifeng Zheng
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfu Zhou
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juping Zhang
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lang Guo
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shusheng Wang
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Songtao Xiang
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Ligand-Mediated Targeting of Cytokine Interleukin-27 Enhances Its Bioactivity In Vivo. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 17:739-751. [PMID: 32346551 PMCID: PMC7177159 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the role of a novel targeted cytokine, interleukin-27 (IL-27), modified at the C terminus with a dual targeting and therapeutic heptapeptide, in treating prostate cancer. IL-27 has shown promise in halting tumor growth and mediating tumor regression in several cancer models, including prostate cancer. We describe our findings on the effects of targeted IL-27 gene delivery on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and how the targeting enhances bioactivity of the IL-27 cytokine. We applied the IL-27 gene delivery protocol utilizing sonoporation (sonodelivery) with the goal of reducing prostate tumor growth in an immunocompetent TC2R C57/BL6 model. The reduction in tumor growth and effector cellular profiles implicate targeted IL-27 as more effective than an untargeted version of IL-27 in promoting bioactivity, as assessed by STAT1 and IFN-γ reporter genes. Moreover, enhanced antitumor effects and significantly higher accumulation of natural killer T (NKT) and CD8 effector cells in the tumors were observed. These results support a novel IL-27-based targeting strategy that is promising since it shows improved therapeutic efficacy while utilizing simple and effective sonodelivery methods.
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Figueiredo Neto M, Liu S, Salameh JW, Yokota H, Figueiredo ML. Interleukin-27 Gene Delivery Targeting IL-6Rα-Expressing Cells as a Stress Response Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1108. [PMID: 32046108 PMCID: PMC7038084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-27 (IL-27) has shown promise in halting tumor growth and mediating tumor regression in several models, including prostate cancer. We describe our findings on the effects of IL-27 on the gene expression changes of TC2R prostate adenocarcinoma cells. We utilized RNAseq to assess profile differences between empty vector control, vector delivering IL-27 modified at its C-terminus with a non-specific peptide, and IL-27 modified at the C-terminus with a peptide targeting the IL-6-Rα. The targeted IL-27 had higher bioactivity and activity in vivo in a recent study by our group, but the mechanisms underlying this effect had not been characterized in detail at the gene expression level on tumor cells. In the present work, we sought to examine potential mechanisms for targeted IL-27 enhanced activity directly on tumor cells. The targeted IL-27 appeared to modulate several changes that would be consistent with an anti-tumor effect, including upregulation in the Interferon (IFN) and Interferon regulatory factor (IRF), oxidative phosphorylation, Janus kinase/Signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), and eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (EIF2) signaling. Of these signaling changes predicted by ingenuity pathway analyses (IPA), the novel form also with the highest significance (-log(Benjamini-Hochberg (B-H)) p-value) was the EIF2 signaling upregulation. We validated this predicted change by assaying for eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α), or phosphorylated eIF2α (p-eIF2α), and caspase-3 levels. We detected an increase in the phosphorylated form of eIF2α and in the cleaved caspase-3 fraction, indicating that the EIF2 signaling pathway was upregulated in these prostate tumor cells following targeted IL-27 gene delivery. This approach of targeting cytokines to enhance their activity against cancer cells is a novel approach to help augment IL-27's bioactivity and efficacy against prostate tumors and could be extended to other conditions where it could help interfere with the EIF2α pathway and promote caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoel Figueiredo Neto
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences Program, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, LYNN 2177, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (M.F.N.); (J.W.S.)
| | - Shengzhi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (S.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Janelle Wes Salameh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences Program, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, LYNN 2177, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (M.F.N.); (J.W.S.)
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (S.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Marxa Leão Figueiredo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences Program, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, LYNN 2177, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (M.F.N.); (J.W.S.)
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Dambal S, Alfaqih M, Sanders S, Maravilla E, Ramirez-Torres A, Galvan GC, Reis-Sobreiro M, Rotinen M, Driver LM, Behrove MS, Talisman TJ, Yoon J, You S, Turkson J, Chi JT, Freeman MR, Macias E, Freedland SJ. 27-Hydroxycholesterol Impairs Plasma Membrane Lipid Raft Signaling as Evidenced by Inhibition of IL6-JAK-STAT3 Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:671-684. [PMID: 32019810 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported that restoring the CYP27A1-27hydroxycholesterol axis had antitumor properties. Thus, we sought to determine the mechanism by which 27HC exerts its anti-prostate cancer effects. As cholesterol is a major component of membrane microdomains known as lipid rafts, which localize receptors and facilitate cellular signaling, we hypothesized 27HC would impair lipid rafts, using the IL6-JAK-STAT3 axis as a model given its prominent role in prostate cancer. As revealed by single molecule imaging of DU145 prostate cancer cells, 27HC treatment significantly reduced detected cholesterol density on the plasma membranes. Further, 27HC treatment of constitutively active STAT3 DU145 prostate cancer cells reduced STAT3 activation and slowed tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. 27HC also blocked IL6-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation in nonconstitutively active STAT3 cells. Mechanistically, 27HC reduced STAT3 homodimerization, nuclear translocation, and decreased STAT3 DNA occupancy at target gene promoters. Combined treatment with 27HC and STAT3 targeting molecules had additive and synergistic effects on proliferation and migration, respectively. Hallmark IL6-JAK-STAT gene signatures positively correlated with CYP27A1 gene expression in a large set of human metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancers and in an aggressive prostate cancer subtype. This suggests STAT3 activation may be a resistance mechanism for aggressive prostate cancers that retain CYP27A1 expression. In summary, our study establishes a key mechanism by which 27HC inhibits prostate cancer by disrupting lipid rafts and blocking STAT3 activation. IMPLICATIONS: Collectively, these data show that modulation of intracellular cholesterol by 27HC can inhibit IL6-JAK-STAT signaling and may synergize with STAT3-targeted compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Dambal
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Sergio Sanders
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Erick Maravilla
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Adela Ramirez-Torres
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gloria C Galvan
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mariana Reis-Sobreiro
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mirja Rotinen
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lucy M Driver
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew S Behrove
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Tijana Jovanovic Talisman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Junhee Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sungyong You
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - James Turkson
- Department of Biomedical Science, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael R Freeman
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biomedical Science, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Everardo Macias
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California. .,Section of Urology, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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44
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Cytokines and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling in prostate cancer: overview and therapeutic opportunities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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45
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Owen KL, Brockwell NK, Parker BS. JAK-STAT Signaling: A Double-Edged Sword of Immune Regulation and Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E2002. [PMID: 31842362 PMCID: PMC6966445 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling mediates almost all immune regulatory processes, including those that are involved in tumor cell recognition and tumor-driven immune escape. Antitumor immune responses are largely driven by STAT1 and STAT2 induction of type I and II interferons (IFNs) and the downstream programs IFNs potentiate. Conversely, STAT3 has been widely linked to cancer cell survival, immunosuppression, and sustained inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. The discovery of JAK-STAT cross-regulatory mechanisms, post-translational control, and non-canonical signal transduction has added a new level of complexity to JAK-STAT governance over tumor initiation and progression. Endeavors to better understand the vast effects of JAK-STAT signaling on antitumor immunity have unearthed a wide range of targets, including oncogenes, miRNAs, and other co-regulatory factors, which direct specific phenotypical outcomes subsequent to JAK-STAT stimulation. Yet, the rapidly expanding field of therapeutic developments aimed to resolve JAK-STAT aberrations commonly reported in a multitude of cancers has been marred by off-target effects. Here, we discuss JAK-STAT biology in the context of immunity and cancer, the consequences of pathway perturbations and current therapeutic interventions, to provide insight and consideration for future targeting innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Owen
- Cancer Immunology and Therapeutics Programs, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Melbourne 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Natasha K. Brockwell
- Cancer Immunology and Therapeutics Programs, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Melbourne 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Belinda S. Parker
- Cancer Immunology and Therapeutics Programs, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Melbourne 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Parkville 3052, Australia
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46
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Huang Q, Zhong Y, Dong H, Zheng Q, Shi S, Zhu K, Qu X, Hu W, Zhang X, Wang Y. Revisiting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as an anticancer target and its inhibitor discovery: Where are we and where should we go? Eur J Med Chem 2019; 187:111922. [PMID: 31810784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As a transcription factor, STAT3 protein transduces extracellular signals to the nucleus and then activates transcription of target genes. STAT3 has been well validated as an attractive anticancer target due to its important roles in cancer initiation and progression. Identification of specific and potent STAT3 inhibitors has attracted much attention, while there has been no STAT3 targeted drug approved for clinical application. In this review, we will briefly introduce STAT3 protein and review its role in multiple aspects of cancer, and systematically summarize the recent advances in discovery of STAT3 inhibitors, especially the ones discovered in the past five years. In the last part of the review, we will discuss the possible new strategies to overcome the difficulties of developing potent and specific STAT3 inhibitors and hope to shed light on future drug design and inhibitor optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyao Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiyao Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shuo Shi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Innovation Practice Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xinming Qu
- Innovation Practice Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yuanxiang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Prostate Cancer Development: Therapeutic Implications. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:E82. [PMID: 31366128 PMCID: PMC6789661 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequent nonskin cancer and second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in man. Prostate cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease with many patients exhibiting an aggressive disease with progression, metastasis, and other patients showing an indolent disease with low tendency to progression. Three stages of development of human prostate tumors have been identified: intraepithelial neoplasia, adenocarcinoma androgen-dependent, and adenocarcinoma androgen-independent or castration-resistant. Advances in molecular technologies have provided a very rapid progress in our understanding of the genomic events responsible for the initial development and progression of prostate cancer. These studies have shown that prostate cancer genome displays a relatively low mutation rate compared with other cancers and few chromosomal loss or gains. The ensemble of these molecular studies has led to suggest the existence of two main molecular groups of prostate cancers: one characterized by the presence of ERG rearrangements (~50% of prostate cancers harbor recurrent gene fusions involving ETS transcription factors, fusing the 5' untranslated region of the androgen-regulated gene TMPRSS2 to nearly the coding sequence of the ETS family transcription factor ERG) and features of chemoplexy (complex gene rearrangements developing from a coordinated and simultaneous molecular event), and a second one characterized by the absence of ERG rearrangements and by the frequent mutations in the E3 ubiquitin ligase adapter SPOP and/or deletion of CDH1, a chromatin remodeling factor, and interchromosomal rearrangements and SPOP mutations are early events during prostate cancer development. During disease progression, genomic and epigenomic abnormalities accrued and converged on prostate cancer pathways, leading to a highly heterogeneous transcriptomic landscape, characterized by a hyperactive androgen receptor signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Mao M, Zhang T, Wang Z, Wang H, Xu J, Yin F, Wang G, Sun M, Wang Z, Hua Y, Cai Z. Glaucocalyxin A-induced oxidative stress inhibits the activation of STAT3 signaling pathway and suppresses osteosarcoma progression in vitro and in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1214-1225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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49
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Pang X, Gong K, Zhang X, Wu S, Cui Y, Qian BZ. Osteopontin as a multifaceted driver of bone metastasis and drug resistance. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:235-244. [PMID: 31028902 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis to bone frequently occurs in majority of patients with advanced breast cancer and prostate cancer, leading to devastating skeletal-related events and substantially reducing the survival of patients. Currently, the crosstalk between tumor cells and the bone stromal compartment was widely investigated for bone metastasis and the resistance to many conventional therapeutic methods. Osteopontin (OPN), also known as SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1), a secreted and chemokine-like glyco-phosphoprotein is involved in tumor progression such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The expression of OPN in tumor tissue and plasma has been clinically proved to be correlated to poor prognosis and shortened survival in patients with breast cancer and prostate cancer. This review summarizes the multifaceted roles that OPN plays in bone microenvironment and drug resistance, with emphasis on breast and prostate cancers, via binding to αvβ3 integrin and CD44 receptor and inducing signaling cascades. We further discuss the promising therapeutic strategy for OPN targeting, mainly inhibiting OPN at transcriptional or protein level or blocking it binding to receptor or its downstream signaling pathways. The comprehending of the function of OPN in bone microenvironment is crucial for the development of novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for the diagnosis and treatment of bone metastasis and against the emergence of drug resistance in advanced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng District, 10034, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Gong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng District, 10034, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng District, 10034, Beijing, China
| | - Shiliang Wu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng District, 10034, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng District, 10034, Beijing, China.
| | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- Translational Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University.University of Edinburgh and MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, 2 Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre Queen's Medical Research Institute, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Translational Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Haizhu District, 510260, Guangzhou, China.
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50
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Xiang P, Jin S, Yang Y, Sheng J, He Q, Song Y, Yu W, Hu S, Jin J. Infiltrating CD4+ T cells attenuate chemotherapy sensitivity in prostate cancer via CCL5 signaling. Prostate 2019; 79:1018-1031. [PMID: 31018021 PMCID: PMC6594129 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy with Docetaxel (Doc) is efficient in a subset of prostate cancer (PCa) cases; however, most patients ultimately develop resistance to Docetaxel. The tumor immune microenvironment and secreted cytokines play a substantial role in development of resistance to chemotherapy. Our previous study has demonstrated that CD4+ T cells in prostate tumor microenvironment contribute to PCa progression; meanwhile, we found increased CD4+ T-cell infiltration in tumor area after Doc treatment; however, their effects on PCa chemosensitivity remain unclear. Here, we aim to explore the role and mechanisms of CD4+ T cells in PCa chemotherapy sensitivity. METHODS CD4+ T-cell infiltration in Doc-treated paraffin-embedded specimens from transurethral resection of prostate, radical prostatectomy, or bone metastasis was detected by immunohistochemistry. The castration-resistant PCa cell lines-C4-2 and CWR22RV1, and CD4+ T-cell lines-HH and Molt-3 were used in the coculture system. After coculture with the lymphocytes, PCa cell chemosensitivity was detected by cell counting kit-8, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assays, and Western blot analysis. Various cell cytokines were determined by cytokine arrays and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The recombinant human C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) was added to PCa cells for further confirming its effects and anti-CCL5 antibody was used for neutralization. S3I-201, a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor, was added to the coculture system to detect STAT3 role in chemosensitivity. Tumor xenografts in nude mice were used for confirming effects of CD4+ T cells in vivo study. RESULTS We found more infiltrated CD4+ T cells in human PCa lesions than in the adjacent noncancerous tissues after Doc treatment. In vitro cell line study confirmed that CD4+ T cells increase the PCa Doc resistance. Quantative polymerase chain reaction and cytokine arrays indicated that after coculture with PCa, CD4+ T cells could secrete large amounts of CCL5. Moreover, CCL5 stimulation enhanced PCa resistance to Doc, and anti-CCL5 antibody could partly reverse this process. We found that CD4+ T cells could activate P-STAT3 signaling via secreting CCL5 and adding a STAT3 inhibitor can reverse the chemoresistance. In vivo mouse model with xenografted 22RV1 cells and CD4+ T cells also confirmed the in vitro results. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results indicate that infiltrating CD4+ T cells could promote PCa chemotherapy resistance via modulation of the CCL5/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jindong Sheng
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qun He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
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