1
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Vilas-Boas EA, Kowaltowski AJ. Mitochondrial redox state, bioenergetics, and calcium transport in caloric restriction: A metabolic nexus. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 219:195-214. [PMID: 38677486 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria congregate central reactions in energy metabolism, many of which involve electron transfer. As such, they are expected to both respond to changes in nutrient supply and demand and also provide signals that integrate energy metabolism intracellularly. In this review, we discuss how mitochondrial bioenergetics and reactive oxygen species production is impacted by dietary interventions that change nutrient availability and impact on aging, such as calorie restriction. We also discuss how dietary interventions alter mitochondrial Ca2+ transport, regulating both mitochondrial and cytosolic processes modulated by this ion. Overall, a plethora of literature data support the idea that mitochondrial oxidants and calcium transport act as integrating signals coordinating the response to changes in nutritional supply and demand in cells, tissues, and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa A Vilas-Boas
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Lee YH, Kuk MU, So MK, Song ES, Lee H, Ahn SK, Kwon HW, Park JT, Park SC. Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress as a Strategy to Treat Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040934. [PMID: 37107309 PMCID: PMC10136354 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of the organelles undergoing rapid alteration during the senescence process. Senescent cells show an increase in mitochondrial size, which is attributed to the accumulation of defective mitochondria, which causes mitochondrial oxidative stress. Defective mitochondria are also targets of mitochondrial oxidative stress, and the vicious cycle between defective mitochondria and mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to the onset and development of aging and age-related diseases. Based on the findings, strategies to reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress have been suggested for the effective treatment of aging and age-related diseases. In this article, we discuss mitochondrial alterations and the consequent increase in mitochondrial oxidative stress. Then, the causal role of mitochondrial oxidative stress on aging is investigated by examining how aging and age-related diseases are exacerbated by induced stress. Furthermore, we assess the importance of targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress for the regulation of aging and suggest different therapeutic strategies to reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress. Therefore, this review will not only shed light on a new perspective on the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in aging but also provide effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of aging and age-related diseases through the regulation of mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Haeng Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Uk Kuk
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kyoung So
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seon Song
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneur Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Kil Ahn
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kwon
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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3
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Nakamura A, Aida Y, Okamoto M, Maeda A, Nagao A, Kitatani K, Takekoshi S, Fujisawa A, Yamamoto Y, Kashiba M. Transferrin, insulin, and progesterone modulate intracellular concentrations of coenzyme Q and cholesterol, products of the mevalonate pathway, in undifferentiated PC12 cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 72:199-206. [DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yukina Aida
- School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology
| | | | - Ayaka Maeda
- School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology
| | - Ayaka Nagao
- School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology
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4
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Baishnikova IV, Ilyina TN, Khizhkin EA, Ilyukha VA. Prolonged Light Deprivation Modulates the Age-Related Changes in α-Tocopherol Level in Rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022050271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Hernández-Camacho JD, Fernández-Ayala DJM, Vicente-García C, Navas-Enamorado I, López-Lluch G, Oliva C, Artuch R, Garcia-Villoria J, Ribes A, de Cabo R, Carvajal JJ, Navas P. Calorie Restriction Rescues Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Adck2-Deficient Skeletal Muscle. Front Physiol 2022; 13:898792. [PMID: 35936917 PMCID: PMC9351392 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.898792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ADCK2 haploinsufficiency-mediated mitochondrial coenzyme Q deficiency in skeletal muscle causes mitochondrial myopathy associated with defects in beta-oxidation of fatty acids, aged-matched metabolic reprogramming, and defective physical performance. Calorie restriction has proven to increase lifespan and delay the onset of chronic diseases associated to aging. To study the possible treatment by food deprivation, heterozygous Adck2 knockout mice were fed under 40% calorie restriction (CR) and the phenotype was followed for 7 months. The overall glucose and fatty acids metabolism in muscle was restored in mutant mice to WT levels after CR. CR modulated the skeletal muscle metabolic profile of mutant mice, partially rescuing the profile of WT animals. The analysis of mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscle demonstrated that CR increased both CoQ levels and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) based on both glucose and fatty acids substrates, along with mitochondrial mass. The elevated aerobic metabolism fits with an increase of type IIa fibers, and a reduction of type IIx in mutant muscles, reaching WT levels. To further explore the effect of CR over muscle stem cells, satellite cells were isolated and induced to differentiate in culture media containing serum from animals in either ad libitum or CR diets for 72 h. Mutant cells showed slower differentiation alongside with decreased oxygen consumption. In vitro differentiation of mutant cells was increased under CR serum reaching levels of WT isolated cells, recovering respiration measured by OCR and partially beta-oxidation of fatty acids. The overall increase of skeletal muscle bioenergetics following CR intervention is paralleled with a physical activity improvement, with some increases in two and four limbs strength tests, and weights strength test. Running wheel activity was also partially improved in mutant mice under CR. These results demonstrate that CR intervention, which has been shown to improve age-associated physical and metabolic decline in WT mice, also recovers the defective aerobic metabolism and differentiation of skeletal muscle in mice caused by ADCK2 haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Diego Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel J. M. Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Vicente-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ignacio Navas-Enamorado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- Atsena Therapeutics, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Oliva
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Garcia-Villoria
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonia Ribes
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jaime J. Carvajal
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Plácido Navas,
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Visioli F, Ingram A, Beckman JS, Magnusson KR, Hagen TM. Strategies to protect against age-related mitochondrial decay: Do natural products and their derivatives help? Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:330-346. [PMID: 34890770 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria serve vital roles critical for overall cellular function outside of energy transduction. Thus, mitochondrial decay is postulated to be a key factor in aging and in age-related diseases. Mitochondria may be targets of their own decay through oxidative damage. However, treating animals with antioxidants has been met with only limited success in rejuvenating mitochondrial function or in increasing lifespan. A host of nutritional strategies outside of using traditional antioxidants have been devised to promote mitochondrial function. Dietary compounds are under study that induce gene expression, enhance mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, or replenish key metabolites that decline with age. Moreover, redox-active compounds may now be targeted to mitochondria which improve their effectiveness. Herein we review the evidence that representative dietary effectors modulate mitochondrial function by stimulating their renewal or reversing the age-related loss of key metabolites. While in vitro evidence continues to accumulate that many of these compounds benefit mitochondrial function and/or prevent their decay, the results using animal models and, in some instances human clinical trials, are more mixed and sometimes even contraindicated. Thus, further research on optimal dosage and age of intervention are warranted before recommending potential mitochondrial rejuvenating compounds for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy; IMDEA-Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Avery Ingram
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Joseph S Beckman
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Kathy R Magnusson
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Tory M Hagen
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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Okamoto M, Nakamura A, Maeda A, Kameda Y, Sugawara K, Takekawa M, Ogino M, Makino E, Ishii N, Fujisawa A, Yamamoto Y, Kashiba M. Coenzyme Q10 levels increase with embryonic development in medaka. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 70:231-239. [PMID: 35692673 PMCID: PMC9130062 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 is an important molecule for mitochondrial respiration and as an antioxidant. Maintenance of the ovum in a good condition is considered to be important for successful fertilization and development, which has been reported to be promoted by coenzyme Q10. In this study, we investigated the level of coenzyme Q10 during ovum fertilization and maturation. We attempted to analyze coenzyme Q10 levels during ovum development in species that use coenzyme Q10 but not coenzyme Q9. It was shown that medaka produces coenzyme Q10. We then measured the amount of coenzyme Q10 after fertilization of medaka ovum and found that it increased. The amount of free cholesterol biosynthesized from acetyl CoA as well as coenzyme Q10 increased during development, but the increase in coenzyme Q10 was more pronounced. The mRNA expression level of coq9 also increased during embryonic development, but the mRNA expression levels of other coenzyme Q10 synthases did not. These results suggest that the coq9 gene is upregulated during the development of medaka ovum after fertilization, resulting in an increase in the amount of coenzyme Q10 in the ovum. Medaka, which like humans has coenzyme Q10, is expected to become a model animal for coenzyme Q10 research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ayaka Maeda
- School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology
| | - Yuka Kameda
- School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology
| | | | | | - Momoko Ogino
- School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology
| | - Eriko Makino
- School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology
| | - Nagisa Ishii
- School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology
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8
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Brea R, Valdecantos P, Rada P, Alen R, García-Monzón C, Boscá L, Fuertes-Agudo M, Casado M, Martín-Sanz P, Valverde ÁM. Chronic treatment with acetaminophen protects against liver aging by targeting inflammation and oxidative stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7800-7827. [PMID: 33780353 PMCID: PMC8034963 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver exhibits a variety of functions that are well-preserved during aging. However, the cellular hallmarks of aging increase the risk of hepatic alterations and development of chronic liver diseases. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a first choice for relieving mild-to-moderate pain. Most of the knowledge about APAP-mediated hepatotoxicity arises from acute overdose studies due to massive oxidative stress and inflammation, but little is known about its effect in age-related liver inflammation after chronic exposure. Our results show that chronic treatment of wild-type mice on the B6D2JRcc/Hsd genetic background with APAP at an infratherapeutic dose reduces liver alterations during aging without affecting body weight. This intervention attenuates age-induced mild oxidative stress by increasing HO-1, MnSOD and NQO1 protein levels and reducing ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. More importantly, APAP treatment counteracts the increase in Cd8+ and the reduction in Cd4+ T lymphocytes observed in the liver with age. This response was also found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, chronic infratherapeutic APAP treatment protects mice from age-related liver alterations by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Brea
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Pilar Valdecantos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Patricia Rada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Rosa Alen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Carmelo García-Monzón
- Liver Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid 28009, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERcv) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Marina Fuertes-Agudo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia 46010, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Marta Casado
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia 46010, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ángela M. Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
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9
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Villalba JM, Navas P. Regulation of coenzyme Q biosynthesis pathway in eukaryotes. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:312-323. [PMID: 33549646 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone/ubiquinol) is a ubiquitous and unique molecule that drives electrons in mitochondrial respiratory chain and an obligatory step for multiple metabolic pathways in aerobic metabolism. Alteration of CoQ biosynthesis or its redox stage are causing mitochondrial dysfunctions as hallmark of heterogeneous disorders as mitochondrial/metabolic, cardiovascular, and age-associated diseases. Regulation of CoQ biosynthesis pathway is demonstrated to affect all steps of proteins production of this pathway, posttranslational modifications and protein-protein-lipid interactions inside mitochondria. There is a bi-directional relationship between CoQ and the epigenome in which not only the CoQ status determines the epigenetic regulation of many genes, but CoQ biosynthesis is also a target for epigenetic regulation, which adds another layer of complexity to the many pathways by which CoQ levels are regulated by environmental and developmental signals to fulfill its functions in eukaryotic aerobic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.
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10
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López-Lluch G. Coenzyme Q homeostasis in aging: Response to non-genetic interventions. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:285-302. [PMID: 33454314 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a key component for many essential metabolic and antioxidant activities in cells in mitochondria and cell membranes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of aging and age-related diseases. Deprivation of CoQ during aging can be the cause or the consequence of this mitochondrial dysfunction. In any case, it seems clear that aging-associated CoQ deprivation accelerates mitochondrial dysfunction in these diseases. Non-genetic prolongevity interventions, including CoQ dietary supplementation, can increase CoQ levels in mitochondria and cell membranes improving mitochondrial activity and delaying cell and tissue deterioration by oxidative damage. In this review, we discuss the importance of CoQ deprivation in aging and age-related diseases and the effect of prolongevity interventions on CoQ levels and synthesis and CoQ-dependent antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo López-Lluch
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Centro Andaluz de Biología Del Desarrollo, CABD-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera Km. 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
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11
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Belviranlı M, Okudan N. Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Alone and in Combination with Exercise Training on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Rats. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 88:126-136. [PMID: 31038032 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of exercise training alone and in combination with coenzyme Q10 (Q10) supplementation on the Q10 level, oxidative damage, and antioxidant defense markers in blood and skeletal muscle tissue in young and aged rats. Methods: The study included 4-month old (young) and 20-month old (aged) rats. Each group was further divided into control, exercise training, Q10 supplementation, and Q10 supplementation plus exercise training groups. The exercise training program consisted of swimming for 8 weeks, and Q10 or vehicle during the same period. Results: The Q10 concentration in plasma (P < 0.05), but not in skeletal muscle (P > 0.05) increased significantly following Q10 supplementation in both the young and aged rats. Plasma SOD and CAT activity were significantly higher in the aged rats in the Q10 and Q10 plus exercise training groups than in the other groups (P < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference between the groups in skeletal muscle (P > 0.05). Additionally, plasma and skeletal GSH levels did not differ between the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The present findings indicate that Q10 supplementation increased the Q10 concentration in blood but not in skeletal muscle tissue. On the other hand, Q10 administration alone and in combination with exercise challenge improved antioxidant enzyme capacity especially in the aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muaz Belviranlı
- 1 Selçuk University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Division of Sports Physiology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nilsel Okudan
- 1 Selçuk University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Division of Sports Physiology, Konya, Turkey
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12
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Xu SF, Ji LL, Wu Q, Li J, Liu J. Ontogeny and aging of Nrf2 pathway genes in livers of rats. Life Sci 2018; 203:99-104. [PMID: 29689272 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant system plays important roles in protecting against oxidative stress and toxic stimuli, which may vary in infants, elderly, and females. AIM The constitutive expression of the Nrf2 genes during development and aging in both sexes would help our understanding of the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in toxicological studies. MAIN METHODS Sprague Dawley rat livers were collected at 11 age points from prenatal (-2 d), neonatal (1, 7, 14 and 21 d), at puberty (28 and 35 d), at adulthood (60 and 180 d), to aging (540 and 800 d) from both sexes. Total RNA and proteins were extracted for real-time RT-PCR and Western-blot analysis. KEY FINDINGS The abundant mRNA expression was in the order of Nrf2, Gclm, Nqo1, Gclc, Ho-1, and Keap1. The expression of these genes except Gclc was high in fetal livers, decreased at birth, reached the first peak at 7 days of age, and gradually decreased to adult levels till 180 days of age. All these genes remained high at 540 days of age, but declined at 800 days of age, with more increases with Nqo1 and Ho-1. Females had lower fetal, neonatal, and aged levels than males. Protein expressions of Nrf2, Nqo1, Ho-1, GCLC and GCLM agree with mRNA analysis. SIGNIFICANCE This study characterized the age- and sex-related changes of Nrf2-related gene/proteins in livers of rats, and higher expressions in newborns and aged rats could cope with increased oxidative stress in infants and elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Fu Xu
- Key Lab for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; The MOE Key Lab for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Li Ji
- The MOE Key Lab for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Lab for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jin Li
- Research Center for Medicine & Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Lab for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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Violi F, Loffredo L, Carnevale R, Pignatelli P, Pastori D. Atherothrombosis and Oxidative Stress: Mechanisms and Management in Elderly. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1083-1124. [PMID: 28816059 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The incidence of cardiovascular events (CVEs) increases with age, representing the main cause of death in an elderly population. Aging is associated with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may affect clotting and platelet activation, and impair endothelial function, thus predisposing elderly patients to thrombotic complications. Recent Advances: There is increasing evidence to suggest that aging is associated with an imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Thus, upregulation of ROS-producing enzymes such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and myeloperoxidase, along with downregulation of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, occurs during aging. This imbalance may predispose to thrombosis by enhancing platelet and clotting activation and eliciting endothelial dysfunction. Recently, gut-derived products, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and lipopolysaccharide, are emerging as novel atherosclerotic risk factors, and gut microbiota composition has been shown to change by aging, and may concur with the increased cardiovascular risk in the elderly. CRITICAL ISSUES Antioxidant treatment is ineffective in patients at risk or with cardiovascular disease. Further, anti-thrombotic treatment seems to work less in the elderly population. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Interventional trials with antioxidants targeting enzymes implicated in aging-related atherothrombosis are warranted to explore whether modulation of redox status is effective in lowering CVEs in the elderly. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1083-1124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Violi
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Loffredo
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy .,2 Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome , Latina, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy
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Varela-López A, Giampieri F, Battino M, Quiles JL. Coenzyme Q and Its Role in the Dietary Therapy against Aging. Molecules 2016; 21:373. [PMID: 26999099 PMCID: PMC6273282 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a naturally occurring molecule located in the hydrophobic domain of the phospholipid bilayer of all biological membranes. Shortly after being discovered, it was recognized as an essential electron transport chain component in mitochondria where it is particularly abundant. Since then, more additional roles in cell physiology have been reported, including antioxidant, signaling, death prevention, and others. It is known that all cells are able to synthesize functionally sufficient amounts of CoQ under normal physiological conditions. However, CoQ is a molecule found in different dietary sources, which can be taken up and incorporated into biological membranes. It is known that mitochondria have a close relationship with the aging process. Additionally, delaying the aging process through diet has aroused the interest of scientists for many years. These observations have stimulated investigation of the anti-aging potential of CoQ and its possible use in dietary therapies to alleviate the effects of aging. In this context, the present review focus on the current knowledge and evidence the roles of CoQ cells, its relationship with aging, and possible implications of dietary CoQ in relation to aging, lifespan or age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, Granada 18100, Spain.
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO), Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO), Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
- Centre for Nutrition & Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico (UEA), Santander 39011, Spain.
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, Granada 18100, Spain.
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15
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Ferland G, Doucet I, Mainville D. Phylloquinone and Menaquinone-4 Tissue Distribution at Different Life Stages in Male and Female Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed Different VK Levels Since Weaning or Subjected to a 40% Calorie Restriction since Adulthood. Nutrients 2016; 8:141. [PMID: 26959054 PMCID: PMC4808870 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether through the vitamin K-dependent proteins or the individual K vitamers, vitamin K (VK) is associated with a number of age-related conditions (e.g., osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, cognitive decline). In light of this, we investigated the influence of lifetime dietary VK exposure on the tissue distribution of phylloquinone (K1) and menaquinone-4 (MK-4) vitamers in 3-, 12- and 22-month-old male and female rats fed different K1 diets since weaning or subjected to a 40% calorie restricted diet (CR) since adulthood. Dietary K1 intakes around the minimal amount required for normal blood coagulation had no significant influence on body weights of both male and female rats at different life stages. Tissue contents of the K vitamers differed according to organs, were generally higher in females than in males, and increased with K1 intake. The MK-4/total VK ratios tended to be increased in old age possibly reflecting an increased physiological demand for MK-4 during aging. Our study also confirmed the greater susceptibility of male rats to low VK containing diet, notably at a younger age. Despite lifelong higher K1 intakes per unit body weight, tissue K1 and MK-4 contents at 20 months were generally lower in CR rats compared to their ad libitum (AL) counterparts. Whether the lower tissue MK-4 content is the result of lower synthesis from K1 or greater tissue utilization remains to be determined. However, the more youthful coagulation profile observed in old CR rats (vs. AL rats) tends to support the notion that CR is associated with greater utilization of the K vitamers to sustain physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guylaine Ferland
- Département de nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Isabelle Doucet
- Département de nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
- Hôpital de la Cité-de-la-Santé, Laval, QC H7M 3L9, Canada.
| | - Dominique Mainville
- Département de nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
- CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Centre de réadaptation Lucie-Bruneau, Montréal, QC H2H 2N8, Canada.
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16
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Niklowitz P, Onur S, Fischer A, Laudes M, Palussen M, Menke T, Döring F. Coenzyme Q10 serum concentration and redox status in European adults: influence of age, sex, and lipoprotein concentration. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 58:240-5. [PMID: 27257350 PMCID: PMC4865593 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is synthesized in almost all human tissues and presumably involved in age-related alterations and diseases. Here, we examined the impact of aging and sex on the serum CoQ10 status in 860 European adults ranging in age from 18 to 82 years. We identified an inverse U-shaped relationship between CoQ10 concentration and age. Women showed lower cholesterol-adjusted CoQ10 levels than men, irrespective of age. As observed in both sexes, the decrease in CoQ10 concentration in older subjects was accompanied by a shift in the redox status in favour of the oxidized form. A strong positive correlation was found for total CoQ10 and cholesterol concentrations (Spearman’s, p≤1E-74). We found strong negative correlations between total (Spearman’s, p≤1E-07) and between cholesterol-adjusted CoQ10 concentration (Spearman’s, p≤1E-14) and the proportion of the oxidized form of CoQ10. These correlations were not dependent on age and sex and were attenuated by supplementation with 150 mg/day reduced CoQ10 for 14 days. Overall, our results are useful to define risk groups with critical CoQ10 status in humans. In particular, older subjects were characterized by impaired CoQ10 status due to their lowered serum CoQ10 concentration and concomitant decrease of CoQ10 redox capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Niklowitz
- Children's Hospital of Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner-Straße 5, D-45711 Datteln, Germany
| | - Simone Onur
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Molecular Prevention, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexandra Fischer
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Molecular Prevention, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 6, Haus 6, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Palussen
- Children's Hospital of Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner-Straße 5, D-45711 Datteln, Germany
| | - Thomas Menke
- Children's Hospital of Datteln, Witten-Herdecke University, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner-Straße 5, D-45711 Datteln, Germany
| | - Frank Döring
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Molecular Prevention, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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17
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Kane AE, Mitchell SJ, Mach J, Huizer-Pajkos A, McKenzie C, Jones B, Cogger V, Le Couteur DG, de Cabo R, Hilmer SN. Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice: Effect of age, frailty and exposure type. Exp Gerontol 2015; 73:95-106. [PMID: 26615879 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic that can cause severe hepatotoxicity in overdose. Despite old age and frailty being associated with extensive and long-term utilization of acetaminophen and a high prevalence of adverse drug reactions, there is limited information on the risks of toxicity from acetaminophen in old age and frailty. This study aimed to assess changes in the risk and mechanisms of hepatotoxicity from acute, chronic and sub-acute acetaminophen exposure with old age and frailty in mice. Young and old male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to either acute (300 mg/kg via oral gavage), chronic (100 mg/kg/day in diet for six weeks) or sub-acute (250 mg/kg, t.i.d., for three days) acetaminophen, or saline control. Pre-dosing mice were scored for the mouse clinical frailty index, and after dosing serum and liver tissue were collected for assessment of toxicity and mechanisms. There were no differences with old age or frailty in the degree of hepatotoxicity induced by acute, chronic or subacute acetaminophen exposure as assessed by serum liver enzymes and histology. Age-related changes in the acetaminophen toxicity pathways included increased liver GSH concentrations, increased NQO1 activity and an increased pro- and anti-inflammatory response to acetaminophen in old age. Frailty-related changes included a negative correlation between frailty index and serum protein, albumin and ALP concentrations for some mouse groups. In conclusion, although there were changes in some pathways that would be expected to influence susceptibility to acetaminophen toxicity, there was no overall increase in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity with old age or frailty in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Kane
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - John Mach
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Aniko Huizer-Pajkos
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Brett Jones
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Victoria Cogger
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Sarah N Hilmer
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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18
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Vitamins A and E in liver, kidney, and whole blood of East Greenland polar bears sampled 1994–2008: reference values and temporal trends. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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19
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Hu XX, Fu L, Li Y, Lin ZB, Liu X, Wang JF, Chen YX, Wang ZP, Zhang X, Ou ZJ, Ou JS. The Cardioprotective Effect of Vitamin E (Alpha-Tocopherol) Is Strongly Related to Age and Gender in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137405. [PMID: 26331272 PMCID: PMC4557942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E (VitE) only prevented cardiovascular diseases in some patients and the mechanisms remain unknown. VitE levels can be affected by aging and gender. We hypothesize that age and gender can influence VitE’s cardioprotective effect. Mice were divided into 4 groups according to age and gender, and each group of mice were divided into a control group and a VitE group. The mice were administered water or VitE for 21 days; Afterward, the cardiac function and myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were measured after myocardial ischemia reperfusion(MI/R). VitE may significantly improved cardiac function in young male mice and aged female mice by enhancing ERK1/2 activity and reducing JNK activity. Enhanced expression of HSP90 and Bcl-2 were also seen in young male mice. No changes in cardiac function and cardiac proteins were detected in aged male mice and VitE was even liked to exert a reverse effect in cardiac function in young mice by enhancing JNK activity and reducing Bcl-2 expression. Those effects were in accordance with the changes of myocardial infarction size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in each group of mice. VitE may reduce MI/R injury by inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis in young male mice and aged female mice but not in aged male mice. VitE was possibly harmful for young female mice, shown as increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis after MI/R. Thus, we speculated that the efficacy of VitE in cardiac protection was associated with age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Hu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First sAffiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Li Fu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First sAffiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First sAffiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Bang Lin
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First sAffiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First sAffiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Xin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ping Wang
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First sAffiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First sAffiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Ou
- The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First sAffiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (J-SO); (Z-JO)
| | - Jing-Song Ou
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First sAffiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (J-SO); (Z-JO)
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20
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González-Mariscal I, García-Testón E, Padilla S, Martín-Montalvo A, Pomares Viciana T, Vazquez-Fonseca L, Gandolfo Domínguez P, Santos-Ocaña C. The regulation of coenzyme q biosynthesis in eukaryotic cells: all that yeast can tell us. Mol Syndromol 2014; 5:107-18. [PMID: 25126044 DOI: 10.1159/000362897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a mitochondrial lipid, which functions mainly as an electron carrier from complex I or II to complex III at the mitochondrial inner membrane, and also as antioxidant in cell membranes. CoQ is needed as electron acceptor in β-oxidation of fatty acids and pyridine nucleotide biosynthesis, and it is responsible for opening the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. The yeast model has been very useful to analyze the synthesis of CoQ, and therefore, most of the knowledge about its regulation was obtained from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae model. CoQ biosynthesis is regulated to support 2 processes: the bioenergetic metabolism and the antioxidant defense. Alterations of the carbon source in yeast, or in nutrient availability in yeasts or mammalian cells, upregulate genes encoding proteins involved in CoQ synthesis. Oxidative stress, generated by chemical or physical agents or by serum deprivation, modifies specifically the expression of some COQ genes by means of stress transcription factors such as Msn2/4p, Yap1p or Hsf1p. In general, the induction of COQ gene expression produced by metabolic changes or stress is modulated downstream by other regulatory mechanisms such as the protein import to mitochondria, the assembly of a multi-enzymatic complex composed by Coq proteins and also the existence of a phosphorylation cycle that regulates the last steps of CoQ biosynthesis. The CoQ biosynthetic complex assembly starts with the production of a nucleating lipid such as HHB by the action of the Coq2 protein. Then, the Coq4 protein recognizes the precursor HHB acting as the nucleus of the complex. The activity of Coq8p, probably as kinase, allows the formation of an initial pre-complex containing all Coq proteins with the exception of Coq7p. This pre-complex leads to the synthesis of 5-demethoxy-Q6 (DMQ6), the Coq7p substrate. When de novo CoQ biosynthesis is required, Coq7p becomes dephosphorylated by the action of Ptc7p increasing the synthesis rate of CoQ6. This critical model is needed for a better understanding of CoQ biosynthesis. Taking into account that patients with CoQ10 deficiency maintain to some extent the machinery to synthesize CoQ, new promising strategies for the treatment of CoQ10 deficiency will require a better understanding of the regulation of CoQ biosynthesis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena García-Testón
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Sergio Padilla
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research USD, Sioux Falls, S. Dak., USA
| | | | - Teresa Pomares Viciana
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis Vazquez-Fonseca
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Gandolfo Domínguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
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21
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Onur S, Niklowitz P, Fischer A, Metges CC, Grune T, Menke T, Rimbach G, Döring F. A comparative study into alterations of coenzyme Q redox status in ageing pigs, mice, and worms. Biofactors 2014; 40:346-54. [PMID: 24578032 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q derivatives (CoQ) are lipid soluble antioxidants that are synthesized endogenously in almost all species and function as an obligatory cofactor of the respiratory chain. There is evidence that CoQ status is altered by age in several species. Here we determined level and redox-state of CoQ in different age groups of pigs, mice and Caenorhabditis elegans. Since these species are very different with respect to lifespan, reproduction and physiology, our approach could provide some general tendencies of CoQ status in ageing organisms. We found that CoQ level decreases with age in pigs and mice, whereas CoQ content increases in older worms. As observed in all three species, ubiquinone, the oxidized form of CoQ, increases with age. Additionally, we were able to show that supplementation of ubiquinol-10, the reduced form of human CoQ10 , slightly increases lifespan of post-reproductive worms. In conclusion, the percentage of the oxidized form of CoQ increases with age indicating higher oxidative stress or rather a decreased anti-oxidative capacity of aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Onur
- Division of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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22
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Dutra MF, Bristot IJ, Batassini C, Cunha NB, Vizuete AFK, de Souza DF, Moreira JCF, Gonçalves CA. Effects of chronic caloric restriction on kidney and heart redox status and antioxidant enzyme activities in Wistar rats. BMB Rep 2013. [PMID: 23187008 PMCID: PMC4133804 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) has been associated with health benefits and these effects have been attributed, in part, to modulation of oxidative status by CR; however, data are still controversial. Here, we investigate the effects of seventeen weeks of chronic CR on parameters of oxidative damage/modification of proteins and on antioxidant enzyme activities in cardiac and kidney tissues. Our results demonstrate that CR induced an increase in protein carbonylation in the heart without changing the content of sulfhydryl groups or the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT). Moreover, CR caused an increase in CAT activity in kidney, without changing other parameters. Protein carbonylation has been associated with oxidative damage and functional impairment; however, we cannot exclude the possibility that, under our conditions, this alteration indicates a different functional meaning in the heart tissue. In addition, we reinforce the idea that CR can increase CAT activity in the kidney. [BMB Reports 2012; 45(11): 671-676]
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Ferreira Dutra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Sáude, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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23
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Mach J, Huizer-Pajkos A, Cogger VC, McKenzie C, Le Couteur DG, Jones BE, de Cabo R, Hilmer SN. The effect of aging on acetaminophen pharmacokinetics, toxicity and Nrf2 in Fischer 344 rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:387-97. [PMID: 23863315 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of aging on hepatic pharmacokinetics and the degree of hepatotoxicity following a toxic dose of acetaminophen. Young and old male Fischer 344 rats were treated with 800 mg/kg acetaminophen (young n = 8, old n = 5) or saline (young n = 9, old n = 9). Serum measurements showed old rats treated with acetaminophen had significantly lower serum alanine aminotransferase and higher acetaminophen and acetaminophen glucuronide levels and creatinine, compared with acetaminophen treated young rats (p < .05). Immunoblotting and activity assays showed old saline-treated rats had twofold lower cytochrome P450 2E1 activity and threefold higher NAD(P)H quinone oxireductase 1 protein expression and activity than young saline-treated rats (p < .05), although Nrf2, glutathione cysteine ligase-modulatory subunit, glutathione cysteine ligase-catalytic subunit, and cytochrome P450 2E1 protein expressions were unchanged. Primary hepatocytes isolated from young rats treated with 10 mM acetaminophen had lower survival than those from old rats (52.4% ± 5.8%, young; 83.6% ± 1.7%, old, p < .05). The pharmacokinetic changes described may decrease susceptibility to acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity but may increase risk of nephrotoxicity in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mach
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Level 1, Acute services building, Royal North Shore Hospital, Pacific Hwy, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
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Jové M, Ayala V, Ramírez-Núñez O, Naudí A, Cabré R, Spickett CM, Portero-Otín M, Pamplona R. Specific Lipidome Signatures in Central Nervous System from Methionine-Restricted Mice. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:2679-89. [DOI: 10.1021/pr400064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Victòria Ayala
- Department of Experimental Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Omar Ramírez-Núñez
- Department of Experimental Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Alba Naudí
- Department of Experimental Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rosanna Cabré
- Department of Experimental Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Corinne M. Spickett
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Portero-Otín
- Department of Experimental Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
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25
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Gómez LA, Hagen TM. Age-related decline in mitochondrial bioenergetics: does supercomplex destabilization determine lower oxidative capacity and higher superoxide production? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2012; 23:758-67. [PMID: 22521482 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial decay plays a central role in the aging process. Although certainly multifactorial in nature, defective operation of the electron transport chain (ETC) constitutes a key mechanism involved in the age-associated loss of mitochondrial energy metabolism. Primarily, mitochondrial dysfunction affects the aging animal by limiting bioenergetic reserve capacity and/or increasing oxidative stress via enhanced electron leakage from the ETC. Even though the important aging characteristics of mitochondrial decay are known, the molecular events underlying inefficient electron flux that ultimately leads to higher superoxide appearance and impaired respiration are not completely understood. This review focuses on the potential role(s) that age-associated destabilization of the macromolecular organization of the ETC (i.e. supercomplexes) may be important for development of the mitochondrial aging phenotype, particularly in post-mitotic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Gómez
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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26
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Parrado C, López-Lluch G, Rodríguez-Bies E, Santa-Cruz S, Navas P, Ramsey JJ, Villalba JM. Calorie restriction modifies ubiquinone and COQ transcript levels in mouse tissues. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1728-36. [PMID: 21447381 PMCID: PMC3096745 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied ubiquinone (Q), Q homologue ratio, and steady-state levels of mCOQ transcripts in tissues from mice fed ad libitum or under calorie restriction. Maximum ubiquinone levels on a protein basis were found in kidney and heart, followed by liver, brain, and skeletal muscle. Liver and skeletal muscle showed the highest Q(9)/Q(10) ratios with significant interindividual variability. Heart, kidney, and particularly brain exhibited lower Q(9)/Q(10) ratios and interindividual variability. In skeletal muscle and heart, the most abundant mCOQ transcript was mCOQ7, followed by mCOQ8, mCOQ2, mPDSS2, mPDSS1, and mCOQ3. In nonmuscular tissues (liver, kidney, and brain) the most abundant mCOQ transcript was mCOQ2, followed by mCOQ7, mCOQ8, mPDSS1, mPDSS2, and mCOQ3. Calorie restriction increased both ubiquinone homologues and mPDSS2 mRNA in skeletal muscle, but mCOQ7 was decreased. In contrast, Q(9) and most mCOQ transcripts were decreased in heart. Calorie restriction also modified the Q(9)/Q(10) ratio, which was increased in kidney and decreased in heart without alterations in mPDSS1 or mPDSS2 transcripts. We demonstrate for the first time that unique patterns of mCOQ transcripts exist in muscular and nonmuscular tissues and that Q and COQ genes are targets of calorie restriction in a tissue-specific way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Parrado
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, E-14014, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo,Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo,Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elisabet Rodríguez-Bies
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo,Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sara Santa-Cruz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo,Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo,Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jon J. Ramsey
- VM Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - José M. Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, E-14014, Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence to: Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 3a planta; 14014 Córdoba, Spain; Phone: +34-957-218595; Fax: +34-957-218634;
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Musicco C, Capelli V, Pesce V, Timperio AM, Calvani M, Mosconi L, Cantatore P, Gadaleta MN. Rat liver mitochondrial proteome: changes associated with aging and acetyl-L-carnitine treatment. J Proteomics 2011; 74:2536-47. [PMID: 21672642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has a central role in aging and in several age-linked diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancer. Mitochondria, as the main cellular source and target of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aging, are recognized as very important players in the above reported diseases. Impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation has been reported in several aging tissues. Defective mitochondria are not only responsible of bioenergetically less efficient cells but also increase ROS production further contributing to tissues oxidative stress. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) is a biomolecule able to limit age-linked mitochondrial decay in brain, liver, heart and skeletal muscles by increasing mitochondrial efficiency. Here the global changes induced by aging and by ALCAR supplementation to old rat on the mitochondrial proteome of rat liver has been analyzed by means of the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Mass spectrometry has been used to identify the differentially expressed proteins. A significant age-related change occurred in 31 proteins involved in several metabolisms. ALCAR supplementation altered the levels of 26 proteins. In particular, ALCAR reversed the age-related alterations of 10 mitochondrial proteins relative to mitochondrial cristae morphology, to the oxidative phosphorylation and antioxidant systems, to urea cycle, to purine biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Musicco
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Bari, Italy.
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Chong-Han K. Dietary Lipophilic Antioxidants: Implications and Significance in the Aging Process. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2010; 50:931-7. [DOI: 10.1080/10408390903044073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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29
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Schmelzer C, Kubo H, Mori M, Sawashita J, Kitano M, Hosoe K, Boomgaarden I, Döring F, Higuchi K. Supplementation with the reduced form of Coenzyme Q10 decelerates phenotypic characteristics of senescence and induces a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha gene expression signature in SAMP1 mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:805-15. [PMID: 19960455 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our present study reveals significant decelerating effects on senescence processes in middle-aged SAMP1 mice supplemented for 6 or 14 months with the reduced form (Q(10)H(2), 500 mg/kg BW/day) of coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)). To unravel molecular mechanisms of these CoQ(10) effects, a genome-wide transcript profiling in liver, heart, brain and kidney of SAMP1 mice supplemented with the reduced (Q(10)H(2)) or oxidized form of CoQ(10) (Q(10)) was performed. Liver seems to be the main target tissue of CoQ(10) intervention, followed by kidney, heart and brain. Stringent evaluation of the resulting data revealed that Q(10)H(2) has a stronger impact on gene expression than Q(10), primarily due to differences in the bioavailability. Indeed, Q(10)H(2) supplementation was more effective than Q(10) to increase levels of CoQ(10) in the liver of SAMP1 mice. To identify functional and regulatory connections of the "top 50" (p<0.05) Q(10)H(2)-sensitive transcripts in liver, text mining analysis was used. Hereby, we identified Q(10)H(2)-sensitive genes which are regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha and are primarily involved in cholesterol synthesis (e.g. HMGCS1, HMGCL and HMGCR), fat assimilation (FABP5), lipoprotein metabolism (PLTP) and inflammation (STAT-1). These data may explain, at least in part, the decelerating effects on degenerative processes observed in Q(10)H(2)-supplemented SAMP1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Schmelzer
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Molecular Prevention, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, Kiel, Germany
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30
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Nierobisz LS, Hentz NG, Felts JV, Mozdziak PE. Fiber phenotype and coenzyme Q₁₀ content in Turkey skeletal muscles. Cells Tissues Organs 2010; 192:382-94. [PMID: 20664252 DOI: 10.1159/000319550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypical differences between muscle fibers are associated with a source of cellular energy. Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) is a major component of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation process, and it significantly contributes to the production of cellular energy in the form of ATP. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between whole-tissue CoQ(10) content, mitochondrial CoQ(10) content, mitochondrial protein, and muscle phenotype in turkeys. Four specialized muscles (anterior latissimus dorsi, ALD; posterior latissimus dorsi, PLD; pectoralis major, PM, and biceps femoris, BF) were evaluated in 9- and 20-week-old turkey toms. The amount of muscle mitochondrial protein was determined using the Bradford assay and CoQ(10) content was measured using HPLC-UV. The amount of mitochondrial protein relative to total protein was significantly lower (p < 0.05) at 9 compared to 20 weeks of age. All ALD fibers stained positive for anti-slow (S35) MyHC antibody. The PLD and PM muscle fibers revealed no staining for slow myosin heavy chain (S35 MyHC), whereas half of BF muscle fibers exhibited staining for S35 MyHC at 9 weeks and 70% at 20 weeks of age. The succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) staining data revealed that SDH significantly increases (p < 0.05) in ALD and BF muscles and significantly decreases (p < 0.05) in PLD and PM muscles with age. The study reveals age-related decreases in mitochondrial CoQ(10) content in muscles with fast/glycolytic profile, and demonstrates that muscles with a slow/oxidative phenotypic profile contain a higher proportion of CoQ(10) than muscles with a fast/glycolytic phenotypic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Nierobisz
- Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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31
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Forsman U, Sjöberg M, Turunen M, Sindelar PJ. 4-Nitrobenzoate inhibits coenzyme Q biosynthesis in mammalian cell cultures. Nat Chem Biol 2010; 6:515-7. [PMID: 20526342 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (Q) is an electron transporter in the respiratory chain and a lipid-soluble antioxidant that decreases in humans with age. Here we show that 4-nitrobenzoate inhibited 4-hydroxybenzoate:polyprenyl transferase (Coq2) in a competitive manner and dose-dependently decreased Q in mammalian cells without accumulation of Q intermediates. As 4-nitrobenzoate neither interfered with mitochondrial respiration nor induced oxidative stress, it should prove a valuable tool for studies on both Q deficiency and Q supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Forsman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in rat: effect of food restriction and wheel running. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 107:243-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Padilla-López S, Jiménez-Hidalgo M, Martín-Montalvo A, Clarke CF, Navas P, Santos-Ocaña C. Genetic evidence for the requirement of the endocytic pathway in the uptake of coenzyme Q6 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:1238-48. [PMID: 19345667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q is an isoprenylated benzoquinone lipid that functions in respiratory electron transport and as a lipid antioxidant. Dietary supplementation with Q is increasingly used as a therapeutic for treatment of mitochondrial and neurodegenerative diseases, yet little is known regarding the mechanism of its uptake. As opposed to other yeast backgrounds, EG103 strains are unable to import exogenous Q(6) to the mitochondria. Furthermore, the distribution of exogenous Q(6) among endomembranes suggests an impairment of the membrane traffic at the level of the endocytic pathway. This fact was confirmed after the detection of defects in the incorporation of FM4-64 marker and CPY delivery to the vacuole. A similar effect was demonstrated in double mutant strains in Q(6) synthesis and several steps of endocytic process; those cells are unable to uptake exogenous Q(6) to the mitochondria and restore the growth on non-fermentable carbon sources. Additional data about the positive effect of peptone presence for exogenous Q(6) uptake support the hypothesis that Q(6) is transported to mitochondria through an endocytic-based system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Padilla-López
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain
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Haak JL, Buettner GR, Spitz DR, Kregel KC. Aging augments mitochondrial susceptibility to heat stress. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009; 296:R812-20. [PMID: 19144753 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90708.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of aging is accompanied by a decline in tolerance to environmental stress. While mitochondria are primary suspects in the etiology of aging, little is known about their ability to tolerate perturbations to homeostasis in older organisms. To investigate the role of mitochondria in the increased susceptibility to heat stress that accompanies aging, young and old Fischer 344 rats underwent a heat stress protocol known to elicit exaggerated cellular damage with aging. At either 2 or 24 h after heat stress, livers were removed from animals, and hepatic mitochondria were isolated. Electron microscopy revealed extensive morphological damage to mitochondria from young and, to a greater extent, old rats after heat stress. There was also a significant loss of cytochrome c from old, but not young, mitochondria and a persistent increase in 4-hydroxynonenal-modified proteins in old vs. young mitochondria exposed to heat stress. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements of superoxide indicate greater superoxide production from mitochondria of old compared with young animals and suggest that mitochondrial integrity was altered during heat stress. The mitochondrial stress response, which functions to correct stress-induced damage to mitochondrial proteins, was also blunted in old rats. Delayed and reduced levels of heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60), the main inducible mitochondrial stress protein, were observed in old compared with young mitochondria after heat stress. Additionally, the amount of Hsp10 protein increased in young, but not old, rat liver mitochondria after hyperthermic challenge. Taken together, these data suggest that mitochondria in old animals are more vulnerable to incurring and less able to repair oxidative damage that occurs in response to a physiologically relevant heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie L Haak
- Dept. of Integrative Physiology, The Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA
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35
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36
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Samartsev VN, Kozhina OV. Oxidative stress as regulatory factor for fatty-acid-induced uncoupling involving liver mitochondrial ADP/ATP and aspartate/glutamate antiporters of old rats. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2008; 73:783-90. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297908070067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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A. Cohen A, Hau M, Wikelski M. Stress, Metabolism, and Antioxidants in Two Wild Passerine Bird Species. Physiol Biochem Zool 2008; 81:463-72. [DOI: 10.1086/589548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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38
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Sohal RS, Forster MJ. Coenzyme Q, oxidative stress and aging. Mitochondrion 2007; 7 Suppl:S103-11. [PMID: 17482528 PMCID: PMC1978491 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) has three well-characterized functions in mitochondria, namely (i) transfer of reducing equivalents in the electron transport chain, (ii) generation of superoxide anion radical, O2*-, and (iii) quenching of free radicals. The main purpose of this review is to discuss the effects of CoQ10 intake for relatively prolonged periods on mitochondrial respiratory capacity, indicators of oxidative stress, and life span of animals, in context of the broader issue of whether or not the overall progression of the aging process can be modified by CoQ10 administration. Comparative studies on different mammalian species have indicated that the rate of mitochondrial superoxide anion radical generation is directly correlated with mitochondrial CoQ9 content and inversely related to amounts of CoQ10, particularly the CoQ10 bound to mitochondrial membrane proteins. Contrary to the historical view, dietary supplementation of mice and rats with CoQ10 has been demonstrated to augment the endogenous CoQ content (CoQ9 + CoQ10) in mitochondria and homogenates of various tissues, albeit to varying extent. Ingestion of CoQ10 results in the elevation of endogenous CoQ9, the predominant homologue in mice and rats. In our studies, there was no indication of a discernable effect of CoQ10 intake reflecting enhancement of mitochondrial respiratory activity, antioxidant capacity and pro-oxidant potentiation or prolongation of life span. The possibility that CoQ10 intake affects certain other biological functions by as yet unelucidated mechanisms cannot be ruled out as CoQ has been shown to broadly alter gene expression in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajindar S Sohal
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, PSC 608, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA.
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39
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Cohen A, Klasing K, Ricklefs R. Measuring circulating antioxidants in wild birds. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 147:110-21. [PMID: 17303461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2006] [Revised: 12/16/2006] [Accepted: 12/31/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants protect against free radical damage, which is associated with various age-related pathologies. Antioxidants are also an important buffer against the respiratory burst of the immune system. This protection presumably has costs and therefore might underlie important life-history trade-offs. Studying such trade-offs in a comparative context requires field-applicable methods for assessing antioxidant capacity in wild animals. Here, we present modifications to a simple spectrophotometric assay (the TEAC or TAS assay) that can be applied to miniscule amounts of blood plasma to determine circulating antioxidant capacity. Additionally, uric acid, the most abundant circulating antioxidant, should be measured independently. Uric acid in birds is derived from amino acid catabolism, perhaps incidentally to its antioxidant function. The assay was validated in experimental studies on chickens showing effects of diet on antioxidant capacity, and in field measurements on 92 species of birds, which demonstrate substantial species differences in constitutive antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, most wild birds demonstrate a dramatic change in antioxidant capacity due to stress. These results show that this technique detects variation appropriate for both interspecific and intraspecific studies, and that antioxidants and uric acid change in response to conditions of interest to field ecologists, such as diet and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Cohen
- Department of Biology, R223 Research Building, University of Missouri St Louis, St Louis, MO 63121-4499, USA.
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Gregor W, Staniek K, Nohl H, Gille L. Distribution of tocopheryl quinone in mitochondrial membranes and interference with ubiquinone-mediated electron transfer. Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 71:1589-601. [PMID: 16569397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 02/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-tocopherol (Toc) is an efficient lipophilic antioxidant present in all mammalian lipid membranes. This chromanol is metabolized by two different pathways: excessive dietary Toc is degraded in the liver by side chain oxidation, and Toc acting as antioxidant is partially degraded to alpha-tocopheryl quinone (TQ). The latter process and the similarity between TQ and ubiquinone (UQ) prompted us to study the distribution of TQ in rat liver mitochondrial membranes and the interference of TQ with the activity of mitochondrial and microsomal redox enzymes interacting with UQ. In view of the contradictory literature results regarding Toc, we determined the distribution of Toc, TQ, and UQ over inner and outer membranes of rat liver mitochondria. Irrespective of the preparation method, the TQ/Toc ratio tends to be higher in mitochondrial inner membranes than in outer membranes suggesting TQ formation by respiratory oxidative stress in vivo. The comparison of the catalytic activities using short-chain homologues of TQ and UQ showed decreasing selectivity in the order complex II (TQ activity not detected)>Q(o) site of complex III>Q(i) site of complex III>complex I approximately cytochrome b(5) reductase>cytochrome P-450 reductase (comparable reactivity of UQ and TQ). TQ binding to some enzymes is comparable to UQ despite low activities. These data show that TQ arising from excessive oxidative degradation of Toc can potentially interfere with mitochondrial electron transfer. On the other hand, both microsomal and mitochondrial enzymes contribute to the reduction of TQ to tocopheryl hydroquinone, which has been suggested to play an antioxidative role itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Gregor
- Research Institute for Biochemical Pharmacology and Molecular Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
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41
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Burón MI, Hermán MD, Alcaín FJ, Villalba JM. Stimulation of polyprenyl 4-hydroxybenzoate transferase activity by sodium cholate and 3-[(cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate. Anal Biochem 2006; 353:15-21. [PMID: 16643834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2005] [Revised: 03/03/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyprenyl 4-hydroxybenzoate transferase (Coq2p) plays a central role in ubiquinone biosynthesis. Coq2p mediates the conjugation of 4-hydroxybenzoate, the benzoquinone ring precursor, with the completed side chain. The activity is most easily assayed by measuring the rate of incorporation of 4-hydroxybenzoate as radiolabeled substrate into polyprenyl 4-hydroxybenzoate. The in vitro assay requires addition of a detergent into the reaction mixture to activate enzyme activity, and Triton X-100 is used for this purpose in the routine assay. We have found that both 3-[(cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate and sodium cholate, but not sodium deoxycholate, lysophosphatidyl choline, or octylglucoside, significantly stimulate the activity over that measured with Triton X-100. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of lipid extracts revealed that the increase of specific activity resulted in a similar increase in reaction product, this effect is due not merely to a better lipid extraction but also to the actual stimulation of enzyme activity. With our improved method, we were able to measure Coq2p activity with much greater sensitivity in both fresh and frozen/thawed mitochondria and in crude homogenates obtained from cultured cells. Our method will simplify evaluation of Coq2p activity in scarce biological materials, such as cells obtained from human tissue biopsies, and thus it will facilitate the biochemical characterization of ubiquinone deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María I Burón
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, Spain
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Bello RI, Gómez-Díaz C, Burón MI, Alcaín FJ, Navas P, Villalba JM. Enhanced anti-oxidant protection of liver membranes in long-lived rats fed on a coenzyme Q10-supplemented diet. Exp Gerontol 2006; 40:694-706. [PMID: 16125350 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2005.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2005] [Revised: 07/14/2005] [Accepted: 07/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 supplementation increases life-span of rats fed on a diet enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (Quiles, J.L., Ochoa, J.J., Huertas, J.R., Mataix, J., 2004b. Coenzyme Q supplementation protects from age-related DNA double-strand breaks and increased lifespan in rats fed on a PUFA-rich diet. Exp. Gerontol. 39, 189-194). Our study was set as a first attempt to establish a mechanistic link between life span extension and CoQ10 supplementation. When rats were fed on a PUFAn-6 plus CoQ10 diet, levels of CoQ10 were increased in plasma membrane at every time point compared to control rats fed on a PUFAn-6-alone diet. Ratios of CoQ9 to CoQ10 were significantly lower at every time point in both liver plasma membranes and homogenates of CoQ10-supplemented animals. CoQ10 supplementation did not affect cytosolic NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), which increased significantly with aging, but plasma membrane-bound NQO1 decreased significantly in the CoQ10-supplemented group at 12 months, when maximal incorporation of exogenous CoQ10 was observed. Neither aging nor the diet affected NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase levels. Glutathione-dependent anti-oxidant activities such as cytosolic glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and microsomal Se-independent glutathione peroxidase decreased with aging and supplementation with CoQ10 attenuated this decay. 2,2' Azobis amidinopropane (AAPH)-induced oxidation of membranes was significantly higher in aged rats, and supplementation with CoQ10 also inhibited this increase. Consistent with higher CoQ10 levels and enhanced anti-oxidant protection, plasma membrane Mg2+-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase was inhibited by dietary CoQ10 in aged rats. Our results support the involvement of thiol-dependent mechanisms in the potentiation of the anti-oxidant capacity of membranes in CoQ10-supplemented rats, further supporting the potentially beneficial anti-oxidative role of dietary CoQ10 during aging. The possibility that a decreased CoQ9/CoQ10 ratio in animals fed on the PUFAn-6-rich plus CoQ10 diet could also influence longevity is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario I Bello
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 3a planta; 14014 Córdoba, Spain
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Rebrin I, Sohal RS. Comparison of thiol redox state of mitochondria and homogenates of various tissues between two strains of mice with different longevities. Exp Gerontol 2005; 39:1513-9. [PMID: 15501021 PMCID: PMC2841353 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2004.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2004] [Revised: 08/19/2004] [Accepted: 08/24/2004] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to determine if differences in life spans of two different strains of mice are associated with the thiol redox state of their tissues and mitochondria. A comparison, based on amounts of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG) and reactive protein thiols, was made between short-lived SAM (P8) mice and the longer-lived C57BL/6 mice at 13 months of age. The average life span of the latter mouse strain is approximately 48% longer than the former strain. Analyses of plasma, tissue homogenates and mitochondria of liver, kidney, heart, brain and skeletal muscle indicated that, in general, amounts of GSH and reactive protein sulfhydryls and GSH:GSSG ratios were lower and concentrations of GSSG were higher in the SAM than the C57BL/6 mice. Differences in the redox state between the two strains were more consistent and pronounced in skeletal muscle than in other tissues, and in mitochondria than in their respective tissue homogenates. Overall, the results support the view that the shorter-lived SAM mice exhibit a relatively higher level of oxidative stress than the longer-lived C57BL/6 mice, which is consistent with the predictions of the oxidative stress hypothesis of aging. Intra-species comparisons may be useful for the identification of biochemical characteristics associated with the variations in life spans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajindar S. Sohal
- Corresponding author. Tel.: + 1 323 442 1860/3588; fax: + 1 323 442 038. (R.S. Sohal)
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Quiles JL, Ochoa JJ, Battino M, Gutierrez-Rios P, Nepomuceno EA, Frías ML, Huertas JR, Mataix J. Life-long supplementation with a low dosage of coenzyme Q10 in the rat: effects on antioxidant status and DNA damage. Biofactors 2005; 25:73-86. [PMID: 16873932 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520250109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Life-long low-dosage supplementation of coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) is studied in relation to the antioxidant status and DNA damage. Thirty-two male rats were assigned into two experimental groups differing in the supplementation or not with 0.7 mg/kg/day of CoQ(10). Eight rats per group were killed at 6 and 24 months. Plasma retinol, alpha-tocopherol, coenzyme Q, total antioxidant capacity and fatty acids were analysed. DNA strand breaks were studied in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Aging and supplementation led to significantly higher values for CoQ homologues, retinol and alpha-tocopherol. No difference in total antioxidant capacity was detected at 6 months but significantly lower values were found in aged control animals. Similar DNA strand breaks levels were found at 6 months. Aging led to significantly higher DNA strand breaks levels in both groups but animals supplemented with CoQ(10) led to a significantly lower increase in that marker. Aged rats showed significantly higher polyunsaturated fatty acids. This study demonstrates that lifelong intake of a low dosage of CoQ(10) enhances plasma levels of CoQ(9), CoQ(10), alpha-tocopherol and retinol. In addition, CoQ(10) supplementation attenuates the age-related fall in total antioxidant capacity of plasma and the increase in DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Quiles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Spain.
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González-Aragón D, Burón MI, López-Lluch G, Hermán MD, Gómez-Díaz C, Navas P, Villalba JM. Coenzyme Q and the regulation of intracellular steady-state levels of superoxide in HL-60 cells. Biofactors 2005; 25:31-41. [PMID: 16873928 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520250105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present work was set to study how CoQ concentrations affected steady-state levels of superoxide in a cellular model of partial CoQ(10) deficiency in cultured human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells. Culturing HL-60 cells in the presence of p-aminobenzoate, a competitive inhibitor of polyprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate transferase (Coq2p), produced a significant decrease of CoQ(10) levels without affecting cell viability. Concomitant decreases in CoQ-dependent electron transport activity and mitochondrial membrane potential were observed under these conditions. Intracellular superoxide was significantly elevated in cells treated with p-aminobenzoate, both under serum-containing and serum-free conditions, and this effect was reversed by exogenous CoQ(10). A slight increase of superoxide was also observed in CoQ(10)-supplemented cells in the absence of serum. Our results support a requirement for CoQ(10) to control superoxide levels in HL-60 cells. The importance of extramitochondrial sources of superoxide in cells with impaired CoQ(10) biosynthesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David González-Aragón
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Spain
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