1
|
Liu F, Ye S, Zhao L, Niu Q. The role of IGF/IGF-1R signaling in the regulation of cancer stem cells. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03561-x. [PMID: 38865036 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a group of tumor cells with high tumorigenic ability and self-renewal potential similar to those of normal stem cells. CSCs are the key "seeds" for tumor development, metastasis, and recurrence. A better insight into the key mechanisms underlying CSC survival improves the efficiency of cancer therapy via specific targeting of CSCs. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling plays an important role in the maintenance of cancer stemness. However, the effect of IGF/IGF-1R signaling on stemness and CSCs and the underlying mechanisms are still controversial. Based on the similarity between CSCs and normal stem cells, this review discusses emerging data on the functions of IGF/IGF-1R signaling in normal stem cells and CSCs and dissects the underlying mechanisms by which IGF/IGF-1R signaling is involved in CSCs. On the other hand, this review highlighted the role of IGF/IGF-1R signaling blockade in multiple CSCs as a potential strategy to improve CSC-based therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengchao Liu
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Susu Ye
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liu Zhao
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Niu
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang YH, Wang DR, Guo YC, Liu JY, Pan J. The application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and biomaterials in skeletal muscle regeneration. Regen Ther 2020; 15:285-294. [PMID: 33426231 PMCID: PMC7770413 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injuries have bothered doctors and caused great burdens to the public medical insurance system for a long time. Once injured, skeletal muscles usually go through the processes of inflammation, repairing and remodeling. If repairing and remodeling stages are out of balance, scars will be formed to replace injured skeletal muscles. At present, clinicians usually use conventional methods to restore the injured skeletal muscles, such as flap transplantation. However, flap transplantation sometimes needs to sacrifice healthy autologous tissues and will bring extra harm to patients. In recent years, stem cells-based tissue engineering provides us new treatment ideas for skeletal muscle injuries. Stem cells are cells with multiple differentiation potential and have ability to differentiate into adult cells under special condition. Skeletal muscle tissues also have stem cells, called satellite cells, but they are in small amount and new muscle fibers that derived from them may not be enough to replace injured fibers. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) could promote musculoskeletal tissue regeneration and activate the myogenic differentiation of satellite cells. Biomaterial is another important factor to promote tissue regeneration and greatly enhance physiological activities of stem cells in vivo. The combined use of stem cells and biomaterials will gradually become a mainstream to restore injured skeletal muscles in the future. This review article mainly focuses on the review of research about the application of BM-MSCs and several major biomaterials in skeletal muscle regeneration over the past decades.
Collapse
Key Words
- 3D-ECM, three dimensional extracellular matrix
- ASCs, adipose stem cells
- BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor
- BM-MSCs
- BM-MSCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
- Biomaterial
- CREB, cAMP- response element binding protein
- DPSCs, dental pulp stem cells
- Differentiation
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ECs, endothelial cells
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FGF-2, fibroblast growth factor-2
- GCSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
- GDNF, glial derived neurotrophic factor
- GPT, gelatin-poly(ethylene glycol)- tyramine
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1
- IL, interleukin
- LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor
- MRF, myogenic muscle factor
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal drugs
- PDGF-BB, platelet derived growth factor-BB
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- PRP, platelet rich plasma
- S1P, sphingosine 1-phosphate
- SDF-1, stromal cell derived factor-1
- Skeletal muscle injury
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- Tissue regeneration
- TrkB, tyrosine kinaseB
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VML, volumetric muscle loss
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China
| | - Dian-Ri Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China
| | - Yu-Chen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Ji-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Jian Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abou-ElNaga A, El-Chennawi F, Ibrahim Kamel S, Mutawa G. The Potentiality of Human Umbilical Cord Isolated Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells for Cardiomyocyte Generation. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 13:91-101. [PMID: 33204112 PMCID: PMC7667202 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s253108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background The new therapeutic strategy of managing cardiac diseases is based on cell therapy; it highly suggests the use of multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). MSCs widely used in researches are known to be isolated from bone marrow. However, this research seeks to use a human umbilical cord (HUC) as an alternative source of MSCs. Since HUC Wharton's jelly (WJ)-isolated MSCs originate as fetal tissue they are highly preferable for their potential advantages over other adult tissues. Methods The researchers used enzymatic digestion to establish a primary HUC-WJ-isolated MSC line. Then, flow cytometry was used to characterize MSCs and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) markers' expression. In addition, the cardiac differentiation capacity of HUC-WJ-isolated MSCs in vitro was investigated by two protocols. Protocol-1 necessitates the dependence on merely 5-azacytidine (5-Aza), whereas in protocol-2, 5-Aza was supported by basic fibroblast growth factor (BFGF). The comparative study between the two protocols was applied by inspecting the ultrastructure of differentiated cells, measuring RT-PCR mRNA cardiac markers and the quantitative detection of cardiac proteins. Results HUC-WJ isolated MSCs were expressed by CD90+ve, CD105+ve, CD106+ve, CD45-ve, and CD146-ve. Remarkable TNNT1, NKX2.5, and Desmin mRNA expression and higher quantitative LDH and cTnI were detected by applying protocol-2. This same protocol-2 induced cardiac morphological features that were revealed by identifying cardiomyocyte-like cells and typical sarcomeres. Conclusion HUC-WJ is proved to be an ethical and effective source of MSCs induced cardiac differentiation, whereas BFGF supports 5-Aza in MSCs-cardiomyocytes differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amoura Abou-ElNaga
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Farha El-Chennawi
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Samar Ibrahim Kamel
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ghada Mutawa
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Horus University in Egypt (HUE), New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barisic D, Erb M, Follo M, Al-Mudaris D, Rolauffs B, Hart ML. Lack of a skeletal muscle phenotype in adult human bone marrow stromal cells following xenogeneic-free expansion. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:79. [PMID: 32087752 PMCID: PMC7036219 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-1587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have elegantly shown that murine and rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (bmMSCs) contribute to muscle regeneration and improve muscle function. Yet, the ability of transplanted human bmMSCs to manifest myogenic potential shows conflicting results. While human adipose- and umbilical cord-derived MSCs can be differentiated into a skeletal muscle phenotype using horse serum (HS), bmMSCs have only been shown to differentiate towards the skeletal muscle lineage using a complex mixture of cytokines followed by transfection with notch intracellular domain. Methods Since xenogeneic-free growth supplements are increasingly being used in the expansion of bmMSCs in clinical trials, we investigated the effects of human plasma and platelet lysate (P/PL) on the expression of neuromuscular markers and whether P/PL-expanded human bmMSCs could be differentiated towards a skeletal myogenic phenotype. Neuromuscular markers were measured using the highly sensitive droplet digital polymerase chain reaction for measuring the expression of Myf5, MyoD, MyoG, ACTA1, Desmin, GAP-43, and Coronin 1b transcripts, by performing immunofluorescence for the expression of Desmin, GAP-43, and MEF2, and flow cytometry for the expression of CD56/neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). Results Despite that bmMSCs expressed the myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) MEF2 after expansion in P/PL, bmMSCs cultured under such conditions did not express other essential MRFs including Myf5, MyoD, MyoG, or ACTA1 needed for myogenesis. Moreover, HS did not induce myogenesis of bmMSCs and hence did not induce the expression of any of these myogenic markers. P/PL, however, did lead to a significant increase in neurogenic GAP-43, as well as Desmin expression, and resulted in a high baseline expression of the neurogenic gene Coronin 1b which was sustained under further P/PL or HS culture conditions. Fetal bovine serum resulted in equally high levels of GAP-43 and Coronin 1b. Moreover, the proportion of CD56/NCAM-positive bmMSCs cultured in P/PL was 5.9 ± 2.1. Conclusions These data suggest that P/PL may prime a small portion of bmMSCs towards an early neural precursor cell type. Collectively, this shows that P/PL partially primes the cells towards a neurogenic phenotype, but does not prime adult human bmMSCs towards the skeletal muscle lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Barisic
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marita Erb
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dahlia Al-Mudaris
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie L Hart
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Macrin D, Alghadeer A, Zhao YT, Miklas JW, Hussein AM, Detraux D, Robitaille AM, Madan A, Moon RT, Wang Y, Devi A, Mathieu J, Ruohola-Baker H. Metabolism as an early predictor of DPSCs aging. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2195. [PMID: 30778087 PMCID: PMC6379364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue resident adult stem cells are known to participate in tissue regeneration and repair that follows cell turnover, or injury. It has been well established that aging impedes the regeneration capabilities at the cellular level, but it is not clear if the different onset of stem cell aging between individuals can be predicted or prevented at an earlier stage. Here we studied the dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), a population of adult stem cells that is known to participate in the repair of an injured tooth, and its properties can be affected by aging. The dental pulp from third molars of a diverse patient group were surgically extracted, generating cells that had a high percentage of mesenchymal stem cell markers CD29, CD44, CD146 and Stro1 and had the ability to differentiate into osteo/odontogenic and adipogenic lineages. Through RNA seq and qPCR analysis we identified homeobox protein, Barx1, as a marker for DPSCs. Furthermore, using high throughput transcriptomic and proteomic analysis we identified markers for DPSC populations with accelerated replicative senescence. In particular, we show that the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway and the cytoskeletal proteins are upregulated in rapid aging DPSCs, indicating a loss of stem cell characteristics and spontaneous initiation of terminal differentiation. Importantly, using metabolic flux analysis, we identified a metabolic signature for the rapid aging DPSCs, prior to manifestation of senescence phenotypes. This metabolic signature therefore can be used to predict the onset of replicative senescence. Hence, the present study identifies Barx1 as a DPSCs marker and dissects the first predictive metabolic signature for DPSCs aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dannie Macrin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603203, India
| | - Ammar Alghadeer
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, College of Dentistry, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Ting Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jason W Miklas
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Abdiasis M Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Damien Detraux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Aaron M Robitaille
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Anup Madan
- Covance Genomics Laboratory, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA
| | - Randall T Moon
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Arikketh Devi
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603203, India
| | - Julie Mathieu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA. .,Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Becker C, Laeufer T, Arikkat J, Jakse G. TGFβ-1 and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions promote smooth muscle gene expression in bone marrow stromal cells: Possible application in therapies for urological defects. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 31:951-9. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880803101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose For regenerative and cellular therapies of the urinary tract system, autologous bladder smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have several limitations, including constricted in vitro proliferation capacity and, more importantly, inability to be used in malignant conditions. The use of in vitro (pre-)differentiated multipotential adult progenitor cells may help to overcome the shortcomings associated with primary cells. Methods By mimicking environmental conditions of the bladder wall, we investigated in vitro effects of growth factor applications and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions on smooth muscle gene expression and on the morphological appearance of adherent bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Results Transcription growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ-1) upregulated the transcription of myogenic gene desmin and smooth muscle actin-γ2 in cultured BMSCs. Stimulatory effects were significantly increased by coculture with urothelial cells. Prolonged stimulation times and epigenetic modifications further enhanced transcription levels, indicating a dose-response relationship. Immunocytochemical staining of in vitro-differentiated BMSCs revealed expression of myogenic protein α-smooth muscle actin and desmin, and changes in morphological appearance from a fusiform convex shape to a laminar flattened shape with filamentous inclusions similar to the appearance of bladder SMCs. In contrast to the TGFβ-1 action, application of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) did not affect the cells. Conclusions The combined application of TGFβ-1 and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions promoted in vitro outgrowth of cells with a smooth muscle-like phenotype from a selected adherent murine bone marrow-derived cell population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Becker
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen - Germany
| | - T. Laeufer
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen - Germany
| | - J. Arikkat
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen - Germany
| | - G. Jakse
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen - Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stamm C, Liebold A, Steinhoff G, Strunk D. Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease: Beginning or End of the Road? Cell Transplant 2017; 15 Suppl 1:S47-56. [PMID: 16826795 DOI: 10.3727/000000006783982313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in emergency treatment, myocardial infarction is often the beginning of a downward spiral leading to congestive heart failure. Other than heart transplantation, current therapeutic means aim at enabling the organism to survive with a heart that is working at a fraction of its original capacity. It is therefore no surprise that cardiac stem cell therapy has raised many hopes. However, neither the ideal source and type of stem cell nor the critical cell number and mode of application have been defined so far. Early reports on myocardial repair by adult bone marrow stem cells from rodent models promoted an unparalleled boost of clinical and experimental cell therapy studies. The phenomenon of stem/progenitor cell-induced angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium has ever since been reproduced by numerous groups in a variety of small and large animal models. Myogenesis, however, is an altogether different matter. Many of the initial clinical studies were fueled by the suggestion that early hematopoietic stem cells have a plasticity high enough to enable cross-lineage differentiation into cells of cardiomyocyte phenotype, but the initial enthusiasm has largely faded. The myogenic potential of stroma cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells is much better documented in animal models, but transfer to the clinical setting faces a variety of obstacles. In clinical pilot trials, we and others have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of administering progenitor cells derived from autologous bone marrow to the myocardium of patients with ischemic heart disease. Clinical efficacy data are still rare, but the few controlled trials that have been completed uniformly show a tendency towards better heart function in cell-treated patients. This review is an attempt to describe the scientific basis for cardiac cell therapy from the point of view of the clinician, focusing on problems that arise with beginning translation into the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christof Stamm
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Okamura LH, Cordero P, Palomino J, Parraguez VH, Torres CG, Peralta OA. Myogenic Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Fetal Bovine Bone Marrow. Anim Biotechnol 2017; 29:1-11. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2016.1276926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Hidenori Okamura
- Departamento de Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paloma Cordero
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Palomino
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victor Hugo Parraguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Gabriel Torres
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Alejandro Peralta
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Witt R, Weigand A, Boos AM, Cai A, Dippold D, Boccaccini AR, Schubert DW, Hardt M, Lange C, Arkudas A, Horch RE, Beier JP. Mesenchymal stem cells and myoblast differentiation under HGF and IGF-1 stimulation for 3D skeletal muscle tissue engineering. BMC Cell Biol 2017; 18:15. [PMID: 28245809 PMCID: PMC5331627 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-017-0131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Volumetric muscle loss caused by trauma or after tumour surgery exceeds the natural regeneration capacity of skeletal muscle. Hence, the future goal of tissue engineering (TE) is the replacement and repair of lost muscle tissue by newly generating skeletal muscle combining different cell sources, such as myoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), within a three-dimensional matrix. Latest research showed that seeding skeletal muscle cells on aligned constructs enhance the formation of myotubes as well as cell alignment and may provide a further step towards the clinical application of engineered skeletal muscle. In this study the myogenic differentiation potential of MSCs upon co-cultivation with myoblasts and under stimulation with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was evaluated. We further analysed the behaviour of MSC-myoblast co-cultures in different 3D matrices. Results Primary rat myoblasts and rat MSCs were mono- and co-cultivated for 2, 7 or 14 days. The effect of different concentrations of HGF and IGF-1 alone, as well as in combination, on myogenic differentiation was analysed using microscopy, multicolour flow cytometry and real-time PCR. Furthermore, the influence of different three-dimensional culture models, such as fibrin, fibrin-collagen-I gels and parallel aligned electrospun poly-ε-caprolacton collagen-I nanofibers, on myogenic differentiation was analysed. MSCs could be successfully differentiated into the myogenic lineage both in mono- and in co-cultures independent of HGF and IGF-1 stimulation by expressing desmin, myocyte enhancer factor 2, myosin heavy chain 2 and alpha-sarcomeric actinin. An increased expression of different myogenic key markers could be observed under HGF and IGF-1 stimulation. Even though, stimulation with HGF/IGF-1 does not seem essential for sufficient myogenic differentiation. Three-dimensional cultivation in fibrin-collagen-I gels induced higher levels of myogenic differentiation compared with two-dimensional experiments. Cultivation on poly-ε-caprolacton-collagen-I nanofibers induced parallel alignment of cells and positive expression of desmin. Conclusions In this study, we were able to myogenically differentiate MSC upon mono- and co-cultivation with myoblasts. The addition of HGF/IGF-1 might not be essential for achieving successful myogenic differentiation. Furthermore, with the development of a biocompatible nanofiber scaffold we established the basis for further experiments aiming at the generation of functional muscle tissue. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12860-017-0131-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Witt
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Weigand
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A M Boos
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Cai
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Dippold
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen- Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - D W Schubert
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen- Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Hardt
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Lange
- Interdisciplinary Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J P Beier
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
LoGuidice A, Houlihan A, Deans R. Multipotent adult progenitor cells on an allograft scaffold facilitate the bone repair process. J Tissue Eng 2016; 7:2041731416656148. [PMID: 27493716 PMCID: PMC4959303 DOI: 10.1177/2041731416656148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent adult progenitor cells are a recently described population of stem cells derived from the bone marrow stroma. Research has demonstrated the potential of multipotent adult progenitor cells for treating ischemic injury and cardiovascular repair; however, understanding of multipotent adult progenitor cells in orthopedic applications remains limited. In this study, we evaluate the osteogenic and angiogenic capacity of multipotent adult progenitor cells, both in vitro and loaded onto demineralized bone matrix in vivo, with comparison to mesenchymal stem cells, as the current standard. When compared to mesenchymal stem cells, multipotent adult progenitor cells exhibited a more robust angiogenic protein release profile in vitro and developed more extensive vasculature within 2 weeks in vivo. The establishment of this vascular network is critical to the ossification process, as it allows nutrient exchange and provides an influx of osteoprogenitor cells to the wound site. In vitro assays confirmed the multipotency of multipotent adult progenitor cells along mesodermal lineages and demonstrated the enhanced expression of alkaline phosphatase and production of calcium-containing mineral deposits by multipotent adult progenitor cells, necessary precursors for osteogenesis. In combination with a demineralized bone matrix scaffold, multipotent adult progenitor cells demonstrated enhanced revascularization and new bone formation in vivo in an orthotopic defect model when compared to mesenchymal stem cells on demineralized bone matrix or demineralized bone matrix–only control groups. The potent combination of angiogenic and osteogenic properties provided by multipotent adult progenitor cells appears to create a synergistic amplification of the bone healing process. Our results indicate that multipotent adult progenitor cells have the potential to better promote tissue regeneration and healing and to be a functional cell source for use in orthopedic applications.
Collapse
|
11
|
Neuromuscular Regeneration: Perspective on the Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Secretion Products. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9756973. [PMID: 26880998 PMCID: PMC4736584 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9756973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are posing as a promising character in the most recent therapeutic strategies and, since their discovery, extensive knowledge on their features and functions has been gained. In recent years, innovative sources have been disclosed in alternative to the bone marrow, conveying their associated ethical concerns and ease of harvest, such as the umbilical cord tissue and the dental pulp. These are also amenable of cryopreservation and thawing for desired purposes, in benefit of the donor itself or other patients in pressing need. These sources present promising possibilities in becoming useful cell sources for therapeutic applications in the forthcoming years. Effective and potential applications of these cellular-based strategies for the regeneration of peripheral nerve are overviewed, documenting recent advances and identified issues for this research area in the near future. Finally, besides the differentiation capacities attributed to mesenchymal stem cells, advances in the recognition of their effective mode of action in the regenerative theatre have led to a new area of interest: the mesenchymal stem cells' secretome. The paracrine modulatory pathway appears to be a major mechanism by which these are beneficial to nerve regeneration and comprehension on the specific growth factors, cytokine, and extracellular molecules secretion profiles is therefore of great interest.
Collapse
|
12
|
Leferink AM, Chng YC, van Blitterswijk CA, Moroni L. Distribution and Viability of Fetal and Adult Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in a Biaxial Rotating Vessel Bioreactor after Seeding on Polymeric 3D Additive Manufactured Scaffolds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:169. [PMID: 26557644 PMCID: PMC4617101 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the conventional approaches in tissue engineering is the use of scaffolds in combination with cells to obtain mechanically stable tissue constructs in vitro prior to implantation. Additive manufacturing by fused deposition modeling is a widely used technique to produce porous scaffolds with defined pore network, geometry, and therewith defined mechanical properties. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for tissue engineering-based cell therapies due to their multipotent character. One of the hurdles to overcome when combining additive manufactured scaffolds with MSCs is the resulting heterogeneous cell distribution and limited cell proliferation capacity. In this study, we show that the use of a biaxial rotating bioreactor, after static culture of human fetal MSCs (hfMSCs) seeded on synthetic polymeric scaffolds, improved the homogeneity of cell and extracellular matrix distribution and increased the total cell number. Furthermore, we show that the relative mRNA expression levels of indicators for stemness and differentiation are not significantly changed upon this bioreactor culture, whereas static culture shows variations of several indicators for stemness and differentiation. The biaxial rotating bioreactor presented here offers a homogeneous distribution of hfMSCs, enabling studies on MSCs fate in additive manufactured scaffolds without inducing undesired differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Leferink
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede , Netherlands ; Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | | | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede , Netherlands ; Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede , Netherlands ; Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University , Maastricht , Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Andrade BM, Baldanza MR, Ribeiro KC, Porto A, Peçanha R, Fortes FSA, Zapata-Sudo G, Campos-de-Carvalho AC, Goldenberg RCS, Werneck-de-Castro JP. Bone marrow mesenchymal cells improve muscle function in a skeletal muscle re-injury model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127561. [PMID: 26039243 PMCID: PMC4454438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injury is the most common problem in orthopedic and sports medicine, and severe injury leads to fibrosis and muscle dysfunction. Conventional treatment for successive muscle injury is currently controversial, although new therapies, like cell therapy, seem to be promise. We developed a model of successive injuries in rat to evaluate the therapeutic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMMC) injected directly into the injured muscle. Functional and histological assays were performed 14 and 28 days after the injury protocol by isometric tension recording and picrosirius/Hematoxilin & Eosin staining, respectively. We also evaluated the presence and the fate of BMMC on treated muscles; and muscle fiber regeneration. BMMC treatment increased maximal skeletal muscle contraction 14 and 28 days after muscle injury compared to non-treated group (4.5 ± 1.7 vs 2.5 ± 0.98 N/cm2, p<0.05 and 8.4 ± 2.3 vs. 5.7 ± 1.3 N/cm2, p<0.05 respectively). Furthermore, BMMC treatment increased muscle fiber cross-sectional area and the presence of mature muscle fiber 28 days after muscle injury. However, there was no difference in collagen deposition between groups. Immunoassays for cytoskeleton markers of skeletal and smooth muscle cells revealed an apparent integration of the BMMC within the muscle. These data suggest that BMMC transplantation accelerates and improves muscle function recovery in our extensive muscle re-injury model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M. Andrade
- Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho e Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências e Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco G, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marcelo R. Baldanza
- Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho e Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Karla C. Ribeiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências e Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco G, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Anderson Porto
- Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho e Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ramon Peçanha
- Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho e Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Fabio S. A. Fortes
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências e Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco G, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Gisele Zapata-Sudo
- Departamento de Farmacologia Básica e Clínica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências e Saúde, Bloco J, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Antonio C. Campos-de-Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências e Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco G, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Regina C. S. Goldenberg
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências e Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco G, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - João Pedro Werneck-de-Castro
- Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho e Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Biomaterials Systems – Perspectives for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Repair and Regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
15
|
LI XIUYING, YANG QIWEI, BAI JINPING, YANG YANYAN, ZHONG LINGZHI, WANG YIMIN. Identification of optimal reference genes for quantitative PCR studies on human mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1304-11. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
16
|
Li J, Zhu K, Wang Y, Zheng J, Guo C, Lai H, Wang C. Combination of IGF‑1 gene manipulation and 5‑AZA treatment promotes differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocyte‑like cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:815-20. [PMID: 25351395 PMCID: PMC4262510 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has been proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic myocardium repair following myocardial infarction. Differentiation of MSCs into cardiomyocyte-like cells prior to cell transplantation is advantageous in improving their potential clinical benefits for cardiac repair. In the present study, we isolated and cultured porcine MSCs and evaluated the synergistic effect of 5-azacytidine (5-AZA) treatment and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene manipulation on MSC differentiation into cardiomyocyte-like cells. Our results demonstrated that 5-AZA treatment alone induced a limited cardiomyocyte-like differentiation effect in vitro. Overexpression of the IGF-1 gene in MSCs improved the induction effect of 5-AZA, while knockdown of the IGF-1 gene attenuated the differentiation. These results suggest that IGF-1 is a significant stimulus affecting the cardiomyocyte-like differentiation of porcine MSCs. In addition, the combination of IGF-1 gene manipulation and 5-AZA treatment provides a new strategy to obtain more committed differentiated cardiomyocyte-like cells from porcine MSCs prior to cell transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jiayu Zheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Changfa Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hao Lai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Turner NJ, Keane TJ, Badylak SF. Lessons from developmental biology for regenerative medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 99:149-59. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neill J. Turner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy J. Keane
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen F. Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Immunological characteristics of human mesenchymal stem cells and multipotent adult progenitor cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2013; 91:32-9. [PMID: 23295415 PMCID: PMC3540326 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2012.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Somatic, also termed adult, stem cells are highly attractive biomedical cell candidates because of their extensive replication potential and functional multilineage differentiation capacity. They can be used for drug and toxicity screenings in preclinical studies, as in vitro model to study differentiation or for regenerative medicine to aid in the repair of tissues or replace tissues that are lost upon disease, injury or ageing. Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are two types of adult stem cells derived from bone marrow that are currently being used clinically for tissue regeneration and for their immunomodulatory and trophic effects. This review will give an overview of the phenotypic and functional differences between human MAPCs and MSCs, with a strong emphasis on their immunological characteristics. Finally, we will discuss the clinical studies in which MSCs and MAPCs are already used.
Collapse
|
19
|
Egusa H, Kobayashi M, Matsumoto T, Sasaki JI, Uraguchi S, Yatani H. Application of Cyclic Strain for Accelerated Skeletal Myogenic Differentiation of Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells with Cell Alignment. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:770-82. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Egusa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita City, Japan
| | - Munemasa Kobayashi
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita City, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sasaki
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita City, Japan
| | - Shinya Uraguchi
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita City, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yatani
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita City, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mittlmeier T, Stratos I. Muscle and Ligament Regeneration. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
21
|
Garland CB, Pomerantz JH. Regenerative strategies for craniofacial disorders. Front Physiol 2012; 3:453. [PMID: 23248598 PMCID: PMC3521957 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial disorders present markedly complicated problems in reconstruction because of the complex interactions of the multiple, simultaneously affected tissues. Regenerative medicine holds promise for new strategies to improve treatment of these disorders. This review addresses current areas of unmet need in craniofacial reconstruction and emphasizes how craniofacial tissues differ from their analogs elsewhere in the body. We present a problem-based approach to illustrate current treatment strategies for various craniofacial disorders, to highlight areas of need, and to suggest regenerative strategies for craniofacial bone, fat, muscle, nerve, and skin. For some tissues, current approaches offer excellent reconstructive solutions using autologous tissue or prosthetic materials. Thus, new “regenerative” approaches would need to offer major advantages in order to be adopted. In other tissues, the unmet need is great, and we suggest the greatest regenerative need is for muscle, skin, and nerve. The advent of composite facial tissue transplantation and the development of regenerative medicine are each likely to add important new paradigms to our treatment of craniofacial disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catharine B Garland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA ; Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology Program, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Carvajal Monroy PL, Grefte S, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Wagener FADTG, Von den Hoff JW. Strategies to improve regeneration of the soft palate muscles after cleft palate repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2012; 18:468-77. [PMID: 22697475 PMCID: PMC3696944 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Children with a cleft in the soft palate have difficulties with speech, swallowing, and sucking. These patients are unable to separate the nasal from the oral cavity leading to air loss during speech. Although surgical repair ameliorates soft palate function by joining the clefted muscles of the soft palate, optimal function is often not achieved. The regeneration of muscles in the soft palate after surgery is hampered because of (1) their low intrinsic regenerative capacity, (2) the muscle properties related to clefting, and (3) the development of fibrosis. Adjuvant strategies based on tissue engineering may improve the outcome after surgery by approaching these specific issues. Therefore, this review will discuss myogenesis in the noncleft and cleft palate, the characteristics of soft palate muscles, and the process of muscle regeneration. Finally, novel therapeutic strategies based on tissue engineering to improve soft palate function after surgical repair are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola L Carvajal Monroy
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, at the Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences of the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Huang YL, Qiu RF, Mai WY, Kuang J, Cai XY, Dong YG, Hu YZ, Song YB, Cai AP, Jiang ZG. Effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 on the properties of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2012; 13:20-8. [PMID: 22205616 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on migration, proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS MSCs were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats by a combination of gradient centrifugation and cell culture techniques and treated with IGF-1 at concentrations of 5-20 ng/ml. Proliferation of MSCs was determined as the mean doubling time. Expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and migration property were determined by flow cytometry and transwell migration essay, respectively. mRNA expression of GATA-4 and collagen II was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS The mean doubling time of MSC proliferation was decreased, and the expression of CXCR4 on MSCs and migration of MSCs were increased by IGF-1, all in a dose-dependent manner, while the optimal concentration of IGF-1 on proliferation and migration was different. IGF-1 did not affect the expression of GATA-4 or collagen II mRNA. CONCLUSIONS IGF-1 dose-dependently stimulated the proliferation of MSCs, upregulated the expression of CXCR4, and accelerated migration. There was no apparent differentiation of MSCs to cardiomyocytes or chondrocytes after culturing with IGF-1 alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-li Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huang YL, Kuang J, Hu YZ, Song YB, Qiu RF, Mai WY. Bone marrow stromal cell transplantation combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment in rat with acute myocardial infarction and the role of insulin-like growth factor-1. Cytotherapy 2012; 14:563-9. [PMID: 22277013 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2011.651531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS We investigated bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) transplantation combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) treatment in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). METHODS AMI models were established in Sprague-Dawley rats by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and grouped into blank control (BC), ACEI treatment (ACEI), BMSC transplantation (BMSC) and BMSC transplantation plus ACEI (combined). Perindopril (2.5 mg/kg) was administered by gavage to ACEI and combined groups from the day after AMI. BMSC (2 × 10(8)) were injected into the border of the MI area a week later in the BMSC and combined groups. RESULTS After 4 weeks, hemodynamics in the BMSC and combined groups were significantly improved (P < 0.05 versus BC), with the greatest improvement in the combined group (P < 0.05). In addition, an increased number of BMSC survived in the combined group (P < 0.05 versus BMSC). A proportion of BMSC was positive for troponin T, as detected by immunofluorescence. The number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes was decreased in the BMSC and ACEI groups, and even further in the combined group (P < 0.05). IGF-1 expression was up-regulated in the BMSC and combined groups (P < 0.05 versus BC), but not in the ACEI group. B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression was up-regulated in the ACEI, BMSC and combined groups, with the highest expression in the combined group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that BMSC engrafted in AMI can survive well and secrete IGF-1 and preserve cardiac function significantly. These data suggest that BMSC transplantation inhibits apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression in the myocardium, and this effect might be sensitized by ACEI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wright KT, El Masri W, Osman A, Chowdhury J, Johnson WEB, Franchina M, Lanzoni G, Cantoni S, Cavallini C, Bianchi F, Tazzari PL, Pasquinelli G, Foroni L, Ventura C, Grossi A, Bagnara GP. Concise review: Bone marrow for the treatment of spinal cord injury: mechanisms and clinical applications. Stem Cells 2011; 29:169-78. [PMID: 21732476 PMCID: PMC3083520 DOI: 10.1002/stem.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of bone marrow stem cells into spinal cord lesions enhances axonal regeneration and promotes functional recovery in animal studies. There are two types of adult bone marrow stem cell; hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The mechanisms by which HSCs and MSCs might promote spinal cord repair following transplantation have been extensively investigated. The objective of this review is to discuss these mechanisms; we briefly consider the controversial topic of HSC and MSC transdifferentiation into central nervous system cells but focus on the neurotrophic, tissue sparing, and reparative action of MSC grafts in the context of the spinal cord injury (SCI) milieu. We then discuss some of the specific issues related to the translation of HSC and MSC therapies for patients with SCI and present a comprehensive critique of the current bone marrow cell clinical trials for the treatment of SCI to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina T Wright
- Spinal Studies and Midlands Centre for Spinal Injuries, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bordbar A, Feist AM, Usaite-Black R, Woodcock J, Palsson BO, Famili I. A multi-tissue type genome-scale metabolic network for analysis of whole-body systems physiology. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2011; 5:180. [PMID: 22041191 PMCID: PMC3219569 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Genome-scale metabolic reconstructions provide a biologically meaningful mechanistic basis for the genotype-phenotype relationship. The global human metabolic network, termed Recon 1, has recently been reconstructed allowing the systems analysis of human metabolic physiology and pathology. Utilizing high-throughput data, Recon 1 has recently been tailored to different cells and tissues, including the liver, kidney, brain, and alveolar macrophage. These models have shown utility in the study of systems medicine. However, no integrated analysis between human tissues has been done. Results To describe tissue-specific functions, Recon 1 was tailored to describe metabolism in three human cells: adipocytes, hepatocytes, and myocytes. These cell-specific networks were manually curated and validated based on known cellular metabolic functions. To study intercellular interactions, a novel multi-tissue type modeling approach was developed to integrate the metabolic functions for the three cell types, and subsequently used to simulate known integrated metabolic cycles. In addition, the multi-tissue model was used to study diabetes: a pathology with systemic properties. High-throughput data was integrated with the network to determine differential metabolic activity between obese and type II obese gastric bypass patients in a whole-body context. Conclusion The multi-tissue type modeling approach presented provides a platform to study integrated metabolic states. As more cell and tissue-specific models are released, it is critical to develop a framework in which to study their interdependencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarash Bordbar
- GT Life Sciences, 10520 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Roobrouck VD, Vanuytsel K, Verfaillie CM. Concise review: culture mediated changes in fate and/or potency of stem cells. Stem Cells 2011; 29:583-9. [PMID: 21305670 DOI: 10.1002/stem.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although Gurdon demonstrated already in 1958 that the nucleus of intestinal epithelial cells could be reprogrammed to give rise to adult frogs, the field of cellular reprogramming has only recently come of age with the description by Takahashi and Yamanaka in 2006, which defined transcription factors can reprogram fibroblasts to an embryonic stem cell-like fate. With the mounting interest in the use of human pluripotent stem cells and culture-expanded somatic stem/progenitor cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells, increasing attention has been given to the effect of changes in the in vitro microenvironment on the fate of stem cells. These studies have demonstrated that changes in culture conditions may change the potency of pluripotent stem cells or reprogram adult stem/progenitor cells to endow them with a broader differentiation potential. The mechanisms underlying these fate and potency changes by ex vivo culture should be further investigated and considered when designing clinical therapies with stem/progenitor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie D Roobrouck
- Interdepartmental Stem Cell Institute Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Roobrouck VD, Clavel C, Jacobs SA, Ulloa-Montoya F, Crippa S, Sohni A, Roberts SJ, Luyten FP, Van Gool SW, Sampaolesi M, Delforge M, Luttun A, Verfaillie CM. Differentiation potential of human postnatal mesenchymal stem cells, mesoangioblasts, and multipotent adult progenitor cells reflected in their transcriptome and partially influenced by the culture conditions. Stem Cells 2011; 29:871-82. [PMID: 21433224 DOI: 10.1002/stem.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Several adherent postnatal stem cells have been described with different phenotypic and functional properties. As many of these cells are being considered for clinical therapies, it is of great importance that the identity and potency of these products is validated. We compared the phenotype and functional characteristics of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), human mesoangioblasts (hMab), and human multipotent adult progenitor cells (hMAPCs) using uniform standardized methods. Human MAPCs could be expanded significantly longer in culture. Differences in cell surface marker expression were found among the three cell populations with CD140b being a distinctive marker among the three cell types. Differentiation capacity towards adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and smooth muscle cells in vitro, using established protocols, was similar among the three cell types. However, only hMab differentiated to skeletal myocytes, while only hMAPCs differentiated to endothelium in vitro and in vivo. A comparative transcriptome analysis confirmed that the three cell populations are distinct and revealed gene signatures that correlated with their specific functional properties. Furthermore, we assessed whether the phenotypic, functional, and transcriptome features were mediated by the culture conditions. Human MSCs and hMab cultured under MAPC conditions became capable of generating endothelial-like cells, whereas hMab lost some of their ability to generate myotubes. By contrast, hMAPCs cultured under MSC conditions lost their endothelial differentiation capacity, whereas this was retained when cultured under Mab conditions, however, myogenic capacity was not gained under Mab conditions. These studies demonstrate that hMSCs, hMab, and hMAPCs have different properties that are partially mediated by the culture conditions.
Collapse
|
29
|
Liang W, Xia H, Li J, Zhao RC. Human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells are resistant to several chemotherapeutic agents. Cytotechnology 2011; 63:523-30. [PMID: 21761127 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are multipotential stem cells, originated from the vascular stromal compartment of fat tissues which can be used as an alternative cell source for many different cell therapies. However, their response to chemotherapeutic agants remains unknown. Here we assessed the acute direct effects of individual chemotherapeutic drug on ADMSCs. Using an in vitro culture system, the response of ADMSCs to the three chemotherapeutic agents cisplatin, comptothecin and vincristine was determined in comparison with that of testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT) cell line. The recovery of cell numbers following exposure to chemotherapeutic agents were also evaluated. Our results showed that human ADMSCs were resistant to chemo-therapeutic agents which are commonly used in clinic, the full recovery was seen respectively in ADMSCs after the drug treatment. Moreover, ADMSCs maintained their stem cell characteristics in vitro after the exposure to all chemotherapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- Department of Oncology, Center for Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218# Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Turner NJ, Badylak SF. Regeneration of skeletal muscle. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 347:759-74. [PMID: 21667167 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a robust capacity for regeneration following injury. However, few if any effective therapeutic options for volumetric muscle loss are available. Autologous muscle grafts or muscle transposition represent possible salvage procedures for the restoration of mass and function but these approaches have limited success and are plagued by associated donor site morbidity. Cell-based therapies are in their infancy and, to date, have largely focused on hereditary disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. An unequivocal need exists for regenerative medicine strategies that can enhance or induce de novo formation of functional skeletal muscle as a treatment for congenital absence or traumatic loss of tissue. In this review, the three stages of skeletal muscle regeneration and the potential pitfalls in the development of regenerative medicine strategies for the restoration of functional skeletal muscle in situ are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neill J Turner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Bridgeside Point 2, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Muscle and Ligament Regeneration. Regen Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9075-1_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
32
|
Zhang Q, Yang YJ, Qian HY, Wang H, Xu H. Very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs)-a new promising candidate for use in cardiac regeneration. Ageing Res Rev 2011; 10:173-7. [PMID: 21044703 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, stem cell-based therapy has been given increased attention in terms of its potential contribution to cardiac regeneration and repair, after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The published studies have identified many kinds of stem cells with the ability to regenerate and repair damaged myocardium after AMI. These include embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), multipotent adult progenitor cells, unrestricted somatic stem cells, etc. More recently, very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) were identified from murine, as a population of very small CXCR4(+) Lin(-) CD45(-) cells and from human, as a population of very small CD34(+) CD133(+) CXCR4(+) Lin(-) CD45(-) cells. These cells exhibit beneficial effects on improving cardiac function and attenuating cardiac remodeling after AMI. However, the mechanisms underlying the benefits associated with VSELs therapy, in cardiac regeneration and repair, remain poorly understood. This review summarizes the current studies on cardiac repair with VSELs after AMI, and discusses the potential mechanisms and implications of these cells in cardiac repair.
Collapse
|
33
|
Muguruma Y, Matsushita H, Yahata T, Yumino S, Tanaka Y, Miyachi H, Ogawa Y, Kawada H, Ito M, Ando K. Establishment of a xenograft model of human myelodysplastic syndromes. Haematologica 2010; 96:543-51. [PMID: 21193418 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.027557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To understand how myelodysplastic syndrome cells evolve from normal stem cells and gain competitive advantages over normal hematopoiesis, we established a murine xenograft model harboring bone marrow cells from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes or acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes. DESIGN AND METHODS Bone marrow CD34(+) cells obtained from patients were injected, with or without human mesenchymal stem cells, into the bone marrow of non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient/IL2Rγ(null) hosts. Engraftment and differentiation of cells derived from the patients were investigated by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Co-injection of patients' cells and human mesenchymal stem cells led to successful engraftment of patient-derived cells that maintained the immunophenotypes and genomic abnormalities of the original patients. Myelodysplastic syndrome-originated clones differentiated into mature neutrophils, megakaryocytes, and erythroblasts. Two of the samples derived from patients with acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes were able to sustain neoplastic growth into the next generation while these cells had limited differentiation ability in the murine host. The hematopoiesis of mice engrafted with patients' cells was significantly suppressed even when human cells accounted for less than 1% of total marrow mononuclear cells. Histological studies revealed invasion of the endosteal surface by patient-derived CD34(+) cells and disruption of extracellular matrix architecture, which probably caused inhibition of murine hematopoiesis. CONCLUSIONS We established murine models of human myelodysplastic syndromes using cells obtained from patients: the presence of neoplastic cells was associated with the suppression of normal host hematopoiesis. The efficiency of engraftment was related to the presence of an abnormality in chromosome 7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Muguruma
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Division of Hematopoiesis, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Merritt EK, Cannon MV, Hammers DW, Le LN, Gokhale R, Sarathy A, Song TJ, Tierney MT, Suggs LJ, Walters TJ, Farrar RP. Repair of traumatic skeletal muscle injury with bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells seeded on extracellular matrix. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:2871-81. [PMID: 20412030 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injury resulting in tissue loss poses unique challenges for surgical repair. Despite the regenerative potential of skeletal muscle, if a significant amount of tissue is lost, skeletal myofibers will not grow to fill the injured area completely. Prior work in our lab has shown the potential to fill the void with an extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold, resulting in restoration of morphology, but not functional recovery. To improve the functional outcome of the injured muscle, a muscle-derived ECM was implanted into a 1 x 1 cm(2), full-thickness defect in the lateral gastrocnemius (LGAS) of Lewis rats. Seven days later, bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were injected directly into the implanted ECM. Partial functional recovery occurred over the course of 42 days when the LGAS was repaired with an MSC-seeded ECM producing 85.4 +/- 3.6% of the contralateral LGAS. This was significantly higher than earlier recovery time points (p < 0.05). The specific tension returned to 94 +/- 9% of the contralateral limb. The implanted MSC-seeded ECM had more blood vessels and regenerating skeletal myofibers than the ECM without cells (p < 0.05). The data suggest that the repair of a skeletal muscle defect injury by the implantation of a muscle-derived ECM seeded with MSCs can improve functional recovery after 42 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward K Merritt
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Curtis KM, Gomez LA, Rios C, Garbayo E, Raval AP, Perez-Pinzon MA, Schiller PC. EF1alpha and RPL13a represent normalization genes suitable for RT-qPCR analysis of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. BMC Mol Biol 2010; 11:61. [PMID: 20716364 PMCID: PMC2931506 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-11-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RT-qPCR analysis is a widely used method for the analysis of mRNA expression throughout the field of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) research. Comparison between MSC studies, both in vitro and in vivo, are challenging due to the varied methods of RT-qPCR data normalization and analysis. Therefore, this study focuses on putative housekeeping genes for the normalization of RT-qPCR data between heterogeneous commercially available human MSC, compared with more homogeneous populations of MSC such as MIAMI and RS-1 cells. Results Eight genes including; ACTB, B2M, EF1α, GAPDH, RPL13a, YWHAZ, UBC
and HPRT1
were tested as possible housekeeping genes based on their expression level and variability. EF1α and RPL13a were validated for RT-qPCR analysis of MIAMI cells during expansion in varied oxygen tensions, endothelial differentiation, neural precursor enrichment, and during the comparison with RS-1 cells and commercially available MSC. RPL13a and YWHAZ were validated as normalization genes for the cross-species analysis of MIAMI cells in an animal model of focal ischemia. GAPDH, which is one of the most common housekeeping genes used for the normalization of RT-qPCR data in the field of MSC research, was found to have the highest variability and deemed not suitable for normalization of RT-qPCR data. Conclusions In order to make comparisons between heterogeneous MSC populations, as well as adult stem cell like MSC which are used in different laboratories throughout the world, it is important to have a standardized, reproducible set of housekeeping genes for RT-qPCR analysis. In this study we demonstrate that EF1α, RPL13a and YWHAZ are suitable genes for the RT-qPCR analysis and comparison of several sources of human MSC during in vitro characterization and differentiation as well as in an ex vivo animal model of global cerebral ischemia. This will allow for the comparative RT-qPCR analysis of multiple MSC populations with the goal of future use in animal models of disease as well as tissue repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Curtis
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and The Geriatrics Institute, 1201 NW 16th Street, Miami, Florida 33125 USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kim SO, Na HS, Kwon D, Joo SY, Kim HS, Ahn Y. Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation enhances closing pressure and leak point pressure in a female urinary incontinence rat model. Urol Int 2010; 86:110-6. [PMID: 20689260 DOI: 10.1159/000317322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether periurethral injection of allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could increase the leak point pressure (LPP) in a rat model of stress urinary incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats (230-240 g, n = 30) were divided into 3 groups: sham operation (group C), saline-treated (group S) and MSC-treated (group M). Bilateral pudendal nerve dissection followed by normal saline or MSC injection on both sides of the urethra was done. LPP and closing pressure (CP) testing was performed after the treatment. The specific markers for smooth muscle cells in the transplantation sites of the urethra were determined. RESULTS Both the LPP and CP were significantly lower in group S than controls. However, these were restored to the control values in group M (p < 0.05). The LPPs of groups C, S and M were 29.1 ± 2.1, 22.0 ± 2.2 and 43.1 ± 3.2 cm H(2)O, respectively. The CPs of groups C, S and M were 27.1 ± 3.1, 21.1 ± 3.2, and 32.1 ± 2.1 cm H(2)O, respectively. The injected MSCs stained positive for muscle-specific markers. CONCLUSION This study suggests that MSCs might differentiate into muscle lineage cells and may contribute to the repair of damaged muscle tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ouck Kim
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Transcriptional profiling and hepatogenic potential of acute hepatic failure-derived bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Differentiation 2010; 80:166-74. [PMID: 20427118 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Liver stem cell (LSC) transplantation is a promising alternate approach to liver transplantation for patients with end-stage liver disease. However, the precise origin of LSCs remains unclear. Herein we determine if bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) isolated from rats in acute hepatic failure (AHF) possess hepatic characteristics and have differentiation potential. BMSCs were isolated from AHF and sham-operated rats, and primary hepatocytes were isolated from normal rats for comparison. The transcriptomic profile of BMSCs and primary hepatocytes was analyzed using the Affymetrix GeneChip Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array. BMSCs isolated from AHF and normal rats were induced to differentiate into hepatocytes in vitro and the degree of hepatic differentiation was assessed using quantitative real time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical assays. AHF-derived BMSCs had a significantly different gene expression profile compared to control BMSCs. Thirty-four gene/probe sets were expressed in both AHF-derived BMSCs and primary hepatocytes, but were absent in control-derived BMSCs, including 3 hepatocyte-specific genes. Forty-four genes were up-regulated more than 2-fold in AHF-derived BMSCs compared to controls, including 3 genes involved in hepatocyte metabolism and development. Furthermore, AHF-derived BMSCs expressed more hepatocyte related genes than control BMSCs. Additional experiments to validate the differentiation of AHF-derived BMSCs, compared to control-derived BMSCs, showed that several hepatocyte-specific genes and proteins [such as albumin (ALB) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP)] were expressed earlier, and at higher levels, after 1 week of differentiation. Hepatocyte-specific metabolic functions were also significantly higher in the AHF group compared to control cells. CONCLUSION AHF-derived BMSCs had a hepatic transcriptional profile and expressed hepatocyte specific genes early during differentiation, and possessed greater hepatogenic potency in vitro compared to cells isolated from control animals, further confirming their potential as a stem cell-based therapy for end-stage liver disease.
Collapse
|
38
|
Xaymardan M, Cimini M, Fazel S, Weisel RD, Lu WY, Martin U, Harvey RP, Li RK. c-Kit function is necessary for in vitro myogenic differentiation of bone marrow hematopoietic cells. Stem Cells 2010; 27:1911-20. [PMID: 19544423 DOI: 10.1002/stem.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the differentiation of bone marrow cells (BMCs) into myocytes has been extensively investigated, but the findings remain inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to determine the conditions necessary to induce myogenic differentiation in short-term cultures of adult BMCs, and to identify the BMC subpopulation responsible for this phenomenon. We report that high-density cultures of murine hematopoietic BMCs gave rise to spontaneous beating cell clusters in the presence of vascular endothelial and fibroblast growth factors. These clusters originated from c-kit(pos) cells. The formation of the clusters could be completely blocked by adding a c-kit/tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Gleevec (imatinib mesylate; Novartis International, Basel, Switzerland, http://www.novartis.com), to the culture. Cluster formation was also blunted in BMCs from c-kit-deficient (Kit(W)/Kit(W-v)) mice. Clustered cells expressed cardiomyocyte-specific transcription factor genes Gata-4 and Nkx2.5, sarcomeric proteins beta-MHC and MLC-2v, and ANF and connexin-43. Immunostaining revealed alpha-sarcomeric actinin expression in more than 90% of clustered cells. Under electron microscopy, the clustered cells exhibited a sarcomeric myofiber arrangement and z-bands. This study defines the microenvironment required to achieve a reproducible in vitro model of beating, myogenic cell clusters. This model could be used to examine the mechanisms responsible for the postnatal myogenic differentiation of BMCs. Our results identify c-kit(pos) bone marrow hematopoietic cells as the source of the myogenic clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munira Xaymardan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tondreau T, Meuleman N, Stamatopoulos B, De Bruyn C, Delforge A, Dejeneffe M, Martiat P, Bron D, Lagneaux L. In vitro study of matrix metalloproteinase/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase production by mesenchymal stromal cells in response to inflammatory cytokines: the role of their migration in injured tissues. Cytotherapy 2009; 11:559-69. [PMID: 19551542 DOI: 10.1080/14653240903051541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The transmigratory capacity of bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) through the endothelial cell barrier into various tissues and their differentiation potential makes them ideal candidates for cell therapy. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and agents promoting their migration are not fully understood. We evaluated the effects of several inflammatory cytokines on the migration of BM MSC and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) production. METHODS The migratory potential of BM MSC was evaluated using a Boyden chamber coated with Matrigel in the presence and absence of stromal cell-derived (SDF)-1alpha, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)bb, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and interleukin (IL)-6. The ability of inflammatory cytokines to induce MSC migration was tested in presence of their respective Ab or blocking peptide. We used immunofluorescence to check the expression of cytokine receptors, and MMP/TIMP production was analyzed at the protein (human cytokine array, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), gelatine zymography and Western blot) and mRNA quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) levels. RESULTS We have demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines promote the migratory capacity of BM MSC according to the expression of their respective receptors. Higher migration through Matrigel was observed in response to IL-6 and PDGFbb. qRT-PCR and cytokine array revealed that migration was the result of the variable level of MMP/TIMP in response to inflammatory stimuli. CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that chemokines and cytokines involved in the regulation of the immunity or inflammatory process promote the migration of MSC into BM or damaged tissues. One of the mechanisms used by MSC to promote their migration though the extracellular matrix is modulation of the production of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-13, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Tondreau
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet-ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Markert CD, Atala A, Cann JK, Christ G, Furth M, Ambrosio F, Childers MK. Mesenchymal stem cells: emerging therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PM R 2009; 1:547-59. [PMID: 19627945 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent cells that can give rise to bone, cartilage, fat, connective tissue, and skeletal and cardiac muscle are termed mesenchymal stem cells. These cells were first identified in the bone marrow, distinct from blood-forming stem cells. Based on the embryologic derivation, availability, and various pro-regenerative characteristics, research exploring their use in cell therapy shows great promise for patients with degenerative muscle diseases and a number of other conditions. In this review, the authors explore the potential for mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the emerging field of regenerative medicine with a focus on treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Markert
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, and Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Drost AC, Weng S, Feil G, Schäfer J, Baumann S, Kanz L, Sievert KD, Stenzl A, Möhle R. In vitro Myogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Potential Treatment for Urethral Sphincter Muscle Repair. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1176:135-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
42
|
Otto A, Collins-Hooper H, Patel K. The origin, molecular regulation and therapeutic potential of myogenic stem cell populations. J Anat 2009; 215:477-97. [PMID: 19702867 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells, originating in the embryonic dermamyotome, reside beneath the myofibre of mature adult skeletal muscle and constitute the tissue-specific stem cell population. Recent advances following the identification of markers for these cells (including Pax7, Myf5, c-Met and CD34) (CD, cluster of differentiation; c-Met, mesenchymal epithelial transition factor) have led to a greater understanding of the role played by satellite cells in the regeneration of new skeletal muscle during growth and following injury. In response to muscle damage, satellite cells harbour the ability both to form myogenic precursors and to self-renew to repopulate the stem cell niche following myofibre damage. More recently, other stem cell populations including bone marrow stem cells, skeletal muscle side population cells and mesoangioblasts have also been shown to have myogenic potential in culture, and to be able to form skeletal muscle myofibres in vivo and engraft into the satellite cell niche. These cell types, along with satellite cells, have shown potential when used as a therapy for skeletal muscle wasting disorders where the intrinsic stem cell population is genetically unable to repair non-functioning muscle tissue. Accurate understanding of the mechanisms controlling satellite cell lineage progression and self-renewal as well as the recruitment of other stem cell types towards the myogenic lineage is crucial if we are to exploit the power of these cells in combating myopathic conditions. Here we highlight the origin, molecular regulation and therapeutic potential of all the major cell types capable of undergoing myogenic differentiation and discuss their potential therapeutic application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Otto
- School of Biological Sciences, Hopkins Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
3D spheroid culture system on micropatterned substrates for improved differentiation efficiency of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials 2009; 30:2705-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
44
|
Kovacsovics-Bankowski M, Streeter PR, Mauch KA, Frey MR, Raber A, van't Hof W, Deans R, Maziarz RT. Clinical scale expanded adult pluripotent stem cells prevent graft-versus-host disease. Cell Immunol 2008; 255:55-60. [PMID: 19022422 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adherent bone marrow adult stem cells have been used in the treatment of GVHD. In this study, we investigate the capacity of a newly characterized population of stem cells, the Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells (MAPC), to modulate acute GVHD. These cells were derived from bone marrow cells and grown extensively without evidence for replicative senescence or loss of differentiating capacity. MAPC significantly decreased mortality of acute GVHD. Moreover, they were non immunogenic and they were not sensitive to NK-lysis. When these cells were added to a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), a dose-dependent suppression of T cell proliferation was observed that was non-MHC restricted, was reversible upon removal of MAPC from culture and was mediated by soluble factors. These data show that in vitro expanded adult stem cells can efficiently control an allo-reactive response associated with acute GVHD, that they are immuno-privileged and present strong immunosuppressive properties.
Collapse
|
45
|
Yu J, Shi J, Jin Y. Current Approaches and Challenges in Making a Bio-Tooth. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2008; 14:307-19. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2008.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Yu
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Junnan Shi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jin
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Oral Histology & Pathology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lorenzi B, Pessina F, Lorenzoni P, Urbani S, Vernillo R, Sgaragli G, Gerli R, Mazzanti B, Bosi A, Saccardi R, Lorenzi M. Treatment of experimental injury of anal sphincters with primary surgical repair and injection of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Dis Colon Rectum 2008; 51:411-20. [PMID: 18224375 DOI: 10.1007/s10350-007-9153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Revised: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sphincter injury is a common cause of anal incontinence. Surgical repair remains the operation of choice; however, the outcome often is poor. We investigated the ability of injected bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to enhance sphincter healing after injury and primary repair in a preclinical model. METHODS Twenty-four inbred Wistar Furth rats were divided into three groups. As a control, Group A underwent sham operation. Group B had sphincterotomy and repair of both anal sphincters plus saline injections. The study group (Group C) underwent sphincterotomy and repair followed by intrasphincteric injections of syngenic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. A further group (Group D) of outbred Wistar rats treated with mesenchymal stem cells and immunosuppressive therapy also was evaluated. At 30 days, histologic and morphometric analysis and in vitro contractility testing was performed. RESULTS A significant decrease of muscle tissue was observed at the site of repair after sphincter injury. However, in Groups C and D, histologic examination demonstrated new muscle fibers and morphometric analysis revealed a significantly greater muscle area fraction than in Group B (P < 0.05). Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells injection improved contractility of sphincters strips compared with Group B (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between Groups C and D. CONCLUSIONS In our experimental model, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells injection improved muscle regeneration and increased contractile function of anal sphincters after injury and repair. Therefore, mesenchymal stem cells may represent an attractive tool for treating anal sphincter lesions in humans. Investigations into the biologic basis of this phenomenon should increase our knowledge on underlying mechanisms involved in sphincter repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lorenzi
- Department of Surgery, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
The bone marrow mesenchymal compartment contains putative stem/progenitors of skeletal tissue components such as bone, cartilage, haematopoiesis-supporting stroma and adipocytes. Previously appreciated as vital to the support of haematopoiesis, these cells have also been recently recognized as having significant immunomodulatory properties with implications for allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation. Despite having been studied for more than three decades and currently being used in different clinical settings, their biology remains elusive. The aim of this review is to critically analyse the field of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell biology, in respect of their relationship with other mesenchymal cell-types. Several issues concerning lineage commitment and inter-conversion potential between different mesenchymal cell-types are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Anjos-Afonso
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Xu J, Liu X, Jiang Y, Chu L, Hao H, Liua Z, Verfaillie C, Zweier J, Gupta K, Liu Z. MAPK/ERK signalling mediates VEGF-induced bone marrow stem cell differentiation into endothelial cell. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 12:2395-406. [PMID: 18266967 PMCID: PMC4514117 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00266.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-potent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) differentiate into endothelial cells (ECs) in the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The mechanism(s) of VEGF-induced differentiation of MAPCs to ECs are not yet known. We, therefore, examined the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p42/44-MAPK/ERK1/2) signalling in endothelial differentiation from bone marrow stem cells. We observed that VEGF stimulation of MAPCs for 14 days results in a significant expression of endothelial-specific gene and/or proteins including von Willebrand factor (vWF), vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin), VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2), and CD31. Up-regulation of EC-specific markers was accompanied by a cobblestone morphology, expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and Dil-Ac-LDL uptake, typical for EC morphology and function. VEGF induced a sustained activation of p42 MAPK/ERK, but not that of p44 MAPK/ERK during the course of MAPCs differentiation in a time-dependent manner up to 14 days. VEGF-induced activation of p42 MAPK/ERK also led to the nuclear translocation of MAPK/ERK1/2. Incubation of MAPCs with MAPK/ERK1/2 phosphorylation inhibitor PD98059 blocked the sustained VEGF-induced MAPK/ERK1/2 phosphorylation as well as its nuclear translocation in the differentiating MAPCs. Inhibition of MAPK/ERK1/2 phosphorylation by PD98059 also blocked the expression of EC-specific genes in these cells and their differentiation to ECs. These data suggest that VEGF induces MAPC differentiation into EC via a. MAPK/ERK1/2 signalling pathway-mediated mechanism in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Palma CA, Lindeman R, Tuch BE. Blood into beta-cells: can adult stem cells be used as a therapy for Type 1 diabetes? Regen Med 2008; 3:33-47. [PMID: 18154461 DOI: 10.2217/17460751.3.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past 10 years there have been substantial developments in adult stem cell research, and the transplantation of these cells now holds great promise for regenerative medicine, such as in the treatment of Type 1 diabetes. A large proportion of studies have focused on stem cells sourced from hematopoietic tissues: bone marrow, umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood. Attempts to transdifferentiate these cells into insulin-producing cells, both in vivo and in vitro, have produced conflicting results. Although insulin production and normalization of blood glucose levels have been described in some studies, the true mechanism of stem cell plasticity remains in question - are the functional changes seen due to true transdifferentiation or do they result from cell fusion or other factors? There is evidence that stem cell plasticity is a true phenomenon, but whether it will ever be of therapeutic benefit for Type 1 diabetes remains uncertain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina A Palma
- Diabetes Transplant Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Koh JS, Lee JY, Lee JY. The Effects of Human Muscle Derived Stem Cells on the Induction of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Korean J Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.4111/kju.2008.49.4.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Koh
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Youl Lee
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|