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Zhang J, Liu J, Huang Y, Yan L, Xu S, Zhang G, Pei L, Yu H, Zhu X, Han X. Current role of magnetic resonance imaging on assessing and monitoring the efficacy of phototherapy. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 110:149-160. [PMID: 38621553 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Phototherapy, also known as photobiological therapy, is a non-invasive and highly effective physical treatment method. Its broad use in clinics has led to significant therapeutic results. Phototherapy parameters, such as intensity, wavelength, and duration, can be adjusted to create specific therapeutic effects for various medical conditions. Meanwhile, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), with its diverse imaging sequences and excellent soft-tissue contrast, provides a valuable tool to understand the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of phototherapy. This review explores the clinical applications of commonly used phototherapy techniques, gives a brief overview of how phototherapy impacts different diseases, and examines MRI's role in various phototherapeutic scenarios. We argue that MRI is crucial for precise targeting, treatment monitoring, and prognosis assessment in phototherapy. Future research and applications will focus on personalized diagnosis and monitoring of phototherapy, expanding its applications in treatment and exploring multimodal imaging technology to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic precision and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First people's Hospital of Yancheng, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng, PR China
| | - Jiahuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, PR China
| | - Yang Huang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Linlin Yan
- Department of Radiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, PR China
| | - Shufeng Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, PR China
| | - Guozheng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, PR China
| | - Lei Pei
- Department of Radiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, PR China
| | - Huachen Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Xisong Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Han
- Department of Radiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, PR China.
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2
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Lau AA, Jin K, Beard H, Windram T, Xie K, O'Brien JA, Neumann D, King BM, Snel MF, Trim PJ, Mitrofanis J, Hemsley KM, Austin PJ. Photobiomodulation in the infrared spectrum reverses the expansion of circulating natural killer cells and brain microglial activation in Sanfilippo mice. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38849324 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Sanfilippo syndrome results from inherited mutations in genes encoding lysosomal enzymes that catabolise heparan sulfate (HS), leading to early childhood-onset neurodegeneration. This study explores the therapeutic potential of photobiomodulation (PBM), which is neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory in several neurodegenerative diseases; it is also safe and PBM devices are readily available. We investigated the effects of 10-14 days transcranial PBM at 670 nm (2 or 4 J/cm2/day) or 904 nm (4 J/cm2/day) in young (3 weeks) and older (15 weeks) Sanfilippo or mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) mice. Although we found no PBM-induced changes in HS accumulation, astrocyte activation, CD206 (an anti-inflammatory marker) and BDNF expression in the brains of Sanfilippo mice, there was a near-normalisation of microglial activation in older MPS IIIA mice by 904 nm PBM, with decreased IBA1 expression and a return of their morphology towards a resting state. Immune cell immunophenotyping of peripheral blood with mass cytometry revealed increased pro-inflammatory signalling through pSTAT1 and p-p38 in NK and T cells in young but not older MPS IIIA mice (5 weeks of age), and expansion of NK, B and CD8+ T cells in older affected mice (17 weeks of age), highlighting the importance of innate and adaptive lymphocytes in Sanfilippo syndrome. Notably, 670 and 904 nm PBM both reversed the Sanfilippo-induced increase in pSTAT1 and p-p38 expression in multiple leukocyte populations in young mice, while 904 nm reversed the increase in NK cells in older mice. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate the beneficial effects of PBM in Sanfilippo mice. The distinct reduction in microglial activation and NK cell pro-inflammatory signalling and number suggests PBM may alleviate neuroinflammation and lymphocyte activation, encouraging further investigation of PBM as a standalone, or complementary therapy in Sanfilippo syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Lau
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - K Jin
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - H Beard
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - T Windram
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - K Xie
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J A O'Brien
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Neumann
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - B M King
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - M F Snel
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS-Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - P J Trim
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS-Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Mitrofanis
- Fonds Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - K M Hemsley
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - P J Austin
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Ramanishankar A, S AS, Begum RF, Jayasankar N, Nayeem A, Prajapati BG, Nirenjen S. Unleashing light's healing power: an overview of photobiomodulation for Alzheimer's treatment. Future Sci OA 2024; 10:FSO922. [PMID: 38841181 PMCID: PMC11152588 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Photobiomodulation involves the use of low-level light therapy or near-infrared light therapy found to be useful in the treatment of a wide range of neurological diseases. Objective: The aim is to review the mechanism and clinical applications of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in managing Alzheimer's disease. Methods: To ensure that the consensus statement accurately reflects both the experts' viewpoint and the most recent developments in the field, the expert opinions were recorded and thoroughly reviewed. Results: PBMT elicits reduction of beta-amyloid plaque, restoration of mitochondrial function, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties with a stimulation in ATP synthesis. Conclusion: The PBMT could be helpful in patients non-responsive to traditional pharmacological therapy providing significant aid in the management of Alzheimer's disease when introduced into the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Ramanishankar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science Technology & Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai. India
| | - Ankul Singh S
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of science & technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rukaiah F Begum
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of science & technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narayanan Jayasankar
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of science & technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Afreen Nayeem
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Anand College of Pharmacy Agra-Delhi Highway (NH2) Keetham, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, 282007, India
| | - Bhupendra G Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shree SK Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, 384012, India
| | - Shanmugasundaram Nirenjen
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of science & technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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4
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Huang Z, Hamblin MR, Zhang Q. Photobiomodulation in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease: state-of-the-art and translational perspectives. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:114. [PMID: 38773642 PMCID: PMC11106984 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant public health problem, affecting millions of people across the world. Despite decades of research into therapeutic strategies for AD, effective prevention or treatment for this devastating disorder remains elusive. In this review, we discuss the potential of photobiomodulation (PBM) for preventing and alleviating AD-associated pathologies, with a focus on the biological mechanisms underlying this therapy. Future research directions and guidance for clinical practice for this non-invasive and non-pharmacological therapy are also highlighted. The available evidence indicates that different treatment paradigms, including transcranial and systemic PBM, along with the recently proposed remote PBM, all could be promising for AD. PBM exerts diverse biological effects, such as enhancing mitochondrial function, mitigating the neuroinflammation caused by activated glial cells, increasing cerebral perfusion, improving glymphatic drainage, regulating the gut microbiome, boosting myokine production, and modulating the immune system. We suggest that PBM may serve as a powerful therapeutic intervention for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Huang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
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5
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Lu W, Wen J. Neuroinflammation and Post-Stroke Depression: Focus on the Microglia and Astrocytes. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0214-1. [PMID: 38421829 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD), a frequent and disabling complication of stroke, has a strong impact on almost thirty percent of stroke survivors. The pathogenesis of PSD is not completely clear so far. Neuroinflammation following stroke is one of underlying mechanisms that involves in the pathophysiology of PSD and plays an important function in the development of depression and is regarded as a sign of depression. During the neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke onset, both astrocytes and microglia undergo a series of morphological and functional changes and play pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effect in the pathological process of stroke. Importantly, astrocytes and microglia exert dual roles in the pathological process of PSD due to the phenotypic transformation. We summarize the latest evidence of neuroinflammation involving in PSD in this review, focus on the phenotypic transformation of microglia and astrocytes following ischemic stroke and reveal the dual roles of both microglia and astrocytes in the PSD via modulating the neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Medical Branch, Hefei Technology College, Hefei, China
| | - Jiyue Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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6
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Lim L. Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery with Photobiomodulation: Cellular Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Future Potential. Cells 2024; 13:385. [PMID: 38474349 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) remains a significant global health challenge, lacking effective pharmacological treatments. This shortcoming is attributed to TBI's heterogeneous and complex pathophysiology, which includes axonal damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and persistent neuroinflammation. The objective of this study is to analyze transcranial photobiomodulation (PBM), which employs specific red to near-infrared light wavelengths to modulate brain functions, as a promising therapy to address TBI's complex pathophysiology in a single intervention. This study reviews the feasibility of this therapy, firstly by synthesizing PBM's cellular mechanisms with each identified TBI's pathophysiological aspect. The outcomes in human clinical studies are then reviewed. The findings support PBM's potential for treating TBI, notwithstanding variations in parameters such as wavelength, power density, dose, light source positioning, and pulse frequencies. Emerging data indicate that each of these parameters plays a role in the outcomes. Additionally, new research into PBM's effects on the electrical properties and polymerization dynamics of neuronal microstructures, like microtubules and tubulins, provides insights for future parameter optimization. In summary, transcranial PBM represents a multifaceted therapeutic intervention for TBI with vast potential which may be fulfilled by optimizing the parameters. Future research should investigate optimizing these parameters, which is possible by incorporating artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lew Lim
- Vielight Inc., Toronto, ON M4Y 2G8, Canada
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7
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Chen Z, Li M, Wu C, Su Y, Feng S, Deng Q, Zou P, Liu TCY, Duan R, Yang L. Photobiomodulation therapy alleviates repeated closed head injury-induced anxiety-like behaviors. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300343. [PMID: 37909411 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Repeated closed head injury (rCHI) is one of the most common brain injuries. Although extensive studies have focused on how to treat rCHI-induced brain injury and reduce the possibility of developing memory deficits, the prevention of rCHI-induced anxiety has received little research attention. The current study was designed to assess the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy in preventing anxiety following rCHI. The rCHI disease model was constructed by administering three repeated closed-head injuries within an interval 5 days. 2-min daily PBM therapy using an 808 nm continuous wave laser at 350 mW/cm2 on the scalp was implemented for 20 days. We found that PBM significantly ameliorated rCHII-induced anxiety-like behaviors, neuronal apoptosis, neuronal injury, promotes astrocyte/microglial polarization to anti-inflammatory phenotype, preserves mitochondrial fusion-related protein MFN2, attenuates the elevated mitochondrial fission-related protein DRP1, and mitigates neuronal senescence. We concluded that PBM therapy possesses great potential in preventing anxiety following rCHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongyun Wu
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Su
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shu Feng
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianting Deng
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peibin Zou
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Duan
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Feng Y, Huang Z, Ma X, Zong X, Wu CY, Lee RH, Lin HW, Hamblin MR, Zhang Q. Activation of testosterone-androgen receptor mediates cerebrovascular protection by photobiomodulation treatment in photothrombosis-induced stroke rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14574. [PMID: 38421088 PMCID: PMC10851319 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Numerous epidemiological studies have reported a link between low testosterone levels and an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease in men. However, there is ongoing controversy surrounding testosterone replacement therapy due to potential side effects. PBMT has been demonstrated to improve cerebrovascular function and promote testosterone synthesis in peripheral tissues. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms that could connect PBMT with testosterone and vascular function in the brain of photothrombosis (PT)-induced stroke rats remain largely unknown. METHODS We measured behavioral performance, cerebral blood flow (CBF), vascular permeability, and the expression of vascular-associated and apoptotic proteins in PT-induced stroke rats treated with flutamide and seven consecutive days of PBM treatment (350 mW, 808 nM, 2 min/day). To gain further insights into the mechanism of PBM on testosterone synthesis, we used testosterone synthesis inhibitors to study their effects on bEND.3 cells. RESULTS We showed that PT stroke caused a decrease in cerebrovascular testosterone concentration, which was significantly increased by 7-day PBMT (808 nm, 350 mW/cm2 , 42 J/cm2 ). Furthermore, PBMT significantly increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the expression of vascular-associated proteins, while inhibiting vascular permeability and reducing endothelial cell apoptosis. This ultimately mitigated behavioral deficits in PT stroke rats. Notably, treatment with the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide reversed the beneficial effects of PBMT. Cellular experiments confirmed that PBMT inhibited cell apoptosis and increased vascular-associated protein expression in brain endothelial cell line (bEnd.3) subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). However, these effects were inhibited by flutamide. Moreover, mechanistic studies revealed that PBMT-induced testosterone synthesis in bEnd.3 cells was partly mediated by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 5 (17β-HSD5). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that PBMT attenuates cerebrovascular injury and behavioral deficits associated with testosterone/AR following ischemic stroke. Our findings suggest that PBMT may be a promising alternative approach for managing cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Department of NeurologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLouisianaUSA
| | - Zhihai Huang
- Department of NeurologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLouisianaUSA
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of NeurologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLouisianaUSA
| | - Xuemei Zong
- Department of NeurologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLouisianaUSA
| | - Celeste Yin‐Chieh Wu
- Department of NeurologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLouisianaUSA
| | - Reggie Hui‐Chao Lee
- Department of NeurologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLouisianaUSA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of NeurologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLouisianaUSA
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for PhotomedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of NeurologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLouisianaUSA
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Ramakrishnan P, Joshi A, Fazil M, Yadav P. A comprehensive review on therapeutic potentials of photobiomodulation for neurodegenerative disorders. Life Sci 2024; 336:122334. [PMID: 38061535 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of experimental trials over the past two centuries has put forth Photobiomodulation (PBM) as a treatment modality that utilizes colored lights for various conditions. While in its cradle, PBM was used for treating simple conditions such as burns and wounds, advancements in recent years have extended the use of PBM for treating complex neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). PBM has exhibited the potential to curb several symptoms and signs associated with NDDs. While several of the currently used therapeutics cause adverse side effects alongside being highly invasive, PBM on the contrary, seems to be broad-acting, less toxic, and non-invasive. Despite being projected as an ideal therapeutic for NDDs, PBM still isn't considered a mainstream treatment modality due to some of the challenges and knowledge gaps associated with it. Here, we review the advantages of PBM summarized above with an emphasis on the common mechanisms that underlie major NDDs and how PBM helps tackle them. We also discuss important questions such as whether PBM should be considered a mainstay treatment modality for these conditions and if PBM's properties can be harnessed to develop prophylactic therapies for high-risk individuals and also highlight important animal studies that underscore the importance of PBM and the challenges associated with it. Overall, this review is intended to bring the major advances made in the field to the spotlight alongside addressing the practicalities and caveats to develop PBM as a major therapeutic for NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Ramakrishnan
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Aradhana Joshi
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mohamed Fazil
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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10
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Lin H, Li D, Zhu J, Liu S, Li J, Yu T, Tuchin VV, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Zhu D. Transcranial photobiomodulation for brain diseases: review of animal and human studies including mechanisms and emerging trends. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:010601. [PMID: 38317779 PMCID: PMC10840571 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.1.010601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The brain diseases account for 30% of all known diseases. Pharmacological treatment is hampered by the blood-brain barrier, limiting drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a promising technology for treating brain diseases, due to its effectiveness, non-invasiveness, and affordability. tPBM has been widely used in pre-clinical experiments and clinical trials for treating brain diseases, such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease. This review provides a comprehensive overview of tPBM. We summarize emerging trends and new discoveries in tPBM based on over one hundred references published in the past 20 years. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of tPBM and highlight successful experimental and clinical protocols for treating various brain diseases. A better understanding of tPBM mechanisms, the development of guidelines for clinical practice, and the study of dose-dependent and personal effects hold great promise for progress in treating brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Optical Electronic Information, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingtan Zhu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingting Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
| | - Valery V. Tuchin
- Saratov State University, Science Medical Center, Saratov, Russia
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya
- Saratov State University, Science Medical Center, Saratov, Russia
- Humboldt University, Department of Physics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Zhu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
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11
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Feng W, Domeracki A, Park C, Shah S, Chhatbar PY, Pawar S, Chang C, Hsu PC, Richardson E, Hasan D, Sokhadze E, Zhang Q, Liu H. Revisiting Transcranial Light Stimulation as a Stroke Therapeutic-Hurdles and Opportunities. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:854-862. [PMID: 36369294 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared laser therapy, a special form of transcranial light therapy, has been tested as an acute stroke therapy in three large clinical trials. While the NEST trials failed to show the efficacy of light therapy in human stroke patients, there are many lingering questions and lessons that can be learned. In this review, we summarize the putative mechanism of light stimulation in the setting of stroke, highlight barriers, and challenges during the translational process, and evaluate light stimulation parameters, dosages and safety issues, choice of outcomes, effect size, and patient selection criteria. In the end, we propose potential future opportunities with transcranial light stimulation as a cerebroprotective or restorative tool for future stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuwei Feng
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Alexis Domeracki
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Christine Park
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Shreyansh Shah
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Pratik Y Chhatbar
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Swaroop Pawar
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Cherylee Chang
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Po-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Eric Richardson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - David Hasan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Estate Sokhadze
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department Department of Neurology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
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12
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Chang SY, Kim E, Carpena NT, Lee JH, Kim DH, Lee MY. Photobiomodulation Can Enhance Stem Cell Viability in Cochlea with Auditory Neuropathy but Does Not Restore Hearing. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:6845571. [PMID: 38020205 PMCID: PMC10665102 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6845571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is very difficult to treat. Currently, one of the techniques used for hearing rehabilitation is a cochlear implant that can transform sound into electrical signals instead of inner ear hair cells. However, the prognosis remains very poor if sufficient auditory nerve cells are not secured. In this study, the effect of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) and photobiomodulation (PBM) combined treatment on auditory function and auditory nerve cells in a secondary neuropathy animal model was investigated. To confirm the engraftment of stem cells in vitro, cochlear explants were treated with kanamycin (KM) to mimic nerve damage and then cocultured with GFP-mESC. GFP-mESCs were observed to have attached and integrated into the explanted samples. An animal model for secondary neurodegeneration was achieved by KM treatment and was treated by a combination therapy of GFP-mESC and NIR-PBM at 8 weeks of KM treatment. Hearing recovery by functional testing using auditory brain stem response (ABR) and eABR was measured as well as morphological changes and epifluorescence analysis were conducted after 2 weeks of combination therapy. KM treatment elevated the hearing threshold at 70-80 dB and even after the combination treatment with GFP-mESC and PBM was applied, the auditory function was not restored. In addition, the stem cells transplanted into cochlea has exponentially increased due to PBM treatment although did not produce any malignancy. This study confirmed that the combined treatment with mESC and PBM could not improve hearing or increase the response of the auditory nerve. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy in this study that the cells are distributed in most cochlear tissues and the proliferation of stem cells was very active in animals irradiated with PBM compared to other groups wherein the stem cells had disappeared immediately after transplantation or existed for only a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Chang
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjeong Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel T. Carpena
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hun Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Min Young Lee
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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13
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Zou P, Wu C, Liu TCY, Duan R, Yang L. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in Alzheimer's disease: from physiology to pathology. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:52. [PMID: 37964328 PMCID: PMC10644503 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) play pivotal roles in myelin formation and phagocytosis, communicating with neighboring cells and contributing to the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, under the pathological circumstances of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the brain's microenvironment undergoes detrimental changes that significantly impact OPCs and their functions. Starting with OPC functions, we delve into the transformation of OPCs to myelin-producing oligodendrocytes, the intricate signaling interactions with other cells in the central nervous system (CNS), and the fascinating process of phagocytosis, which influences the function of OPCs and affects CNS homeostasis. Moreover, we discuss the essential role of OPCs in BBB formation and highlight the critical contribution of OPCs in forming CNS-protective barriers. In the context of AD, the deterioration of the local microenvironment in the brain is discussed, mainly focusing on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and the accumulation of toxic proteins. The detrimental changes disturb the delicate balance in the brain, impacting the regenerative capacity of OPCs and compromising myelin integrity. Under pathological conditions, OPCs experience significant alterations in migration and proliferation, leading to impaired differentiation and a reduced ability to produce mature oligodendrocytes. Moreover, myelin degeneration and formation become increasingly active in AD, contributing to progressive neurodegeneration. Finally, we summarize the current therapeutic approaches targeting OPCs in AD. Strategies to revitalize OPC senescence, modulate signaling pathways to enhance OPC differentiation, and explore other potential therapeutic avenues are promising in alleviating the impact of AD on OPCs and CNS function. In conclusion, this review highlights the indispensable role of OPCs in CNS function and their involvement in the pathogenesis of AD. The intricate interplay between OPCs and the AD brain microenvironment underscores the complexity of neurodegenerative diseases. Insights from studying OPCs under pathological conditions provide a foundation for innovative therapeutic strategies targeting OPCs and fostering neurodegeneration. Future research will advance our understanding and management of neurodegenerative diseases, ultimately offering hope for effective treatments and improved quality of life for those affected by AD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peibin Zou
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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14
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Chen C, Bao Y, Xing L, Jiang C, Guo Y, Tong S, Zhang J, Chen L, Mao Y. Exosomes Derived from M2 Microglial Cells Modulated by 1070-nm Light Improve Cognition in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304025. [PMID: 37702115 PMCID: PMC10646245 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared photobiomodulation has been identified as a potential strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanisms underlying this therapeutic effect remain poorly characterize. Herein, it is illustrate that 1070-nm light induces the morphological alteration of microglia from an M1 to M2 phenotype that secretes exosomes, which alleviates the β-amyloid burden to improve cognitive function by ameliorating neuroinflammation and promoting neuronal dendritic spine plasticity. The results show that 4 J cm-2 1070-nm light at a 10-Hz frequency prompts microglia with an M1 inflammatory type to switch to an M2 anti-inflammatory type. This induces secretion of M2 microglial-derived exosomes containing miR-7670-3p, which targets activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Moreover, it is found that miR-7670-3p reduces ATF6 expression to further ameliorate ER stress, thus attenuating the inflammatory response and protecting dendritic spine integrity of neurons in the cortex and hippocampus of 5xFAD mice, ultimately leading to improvements in cognitive function. This study highlights the critical role of exosomes derive from 1070-nm light-modulated microglia in treating AD mice, which may provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of AD with the use of near-infrared photobiomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
- National Center for Neurological DisordersShanghai200040China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural RegenerationShanghai200040China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan UniversityShanghai200040China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of NeurosurgeryShanghai200040China
| | - Yuting Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
- National Center for Neurological DisordersShanghai200040China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural RegenerationShanghai200040China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan UniversityShanghai200040China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of NeurosurgeryShanghai200040China
| | - Lu Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
- National Center for Neurological DisordersShanghai200040China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural RegenerationShanghai200040China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan UniversityShanghai200040China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of NeurosurgeryShanghai200040China
| | - Chengyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
- National Center for Neurological DisordersShanghai200040China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural RegenerationShanghai200040China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan UniversityShanghai200040China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of NeurosurgeryShanghai200040China
| | - Shuangmei Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
- National Center for Neurological DisordersShanghai200040China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural RegenerationShanghai200040China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan UniversityShanghai200040China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of NeurosurgeryShanghai200040China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
- National Center for Neurological DisordersShanghai200040China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural RegenerationShanghai200040China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan UniversityShanghai200040China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of NeurosurgeryShanghai200040China
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15
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Chang SY, Lee MY. Photobiomodulation of Neurogenesis through the Enhancement of Stem Cell and Neural Progenitor Differentiation in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15427. [PMID: 37895108 PMCID: PMC10607539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is the regulation of biological processes using light energy from sources such as lasers or light-emitting diodes. Components of the nervous system, such as the brain and peripheral nerves, are important candidate PBM targets due to the lack of therapeutic modalities for the complete cure of neurological diseases. PBM can be applied either to regenerate damaged organs or to prevent or reduce damage caused by disease. Although recent findings have suggested that neural cells can be regenerated, which contradicts our previous understanding, neural structures are still thought to have weaker regenerative capacity than other systems. Therefore, enhancing the regenerative capacity of the nervous system would aid the future development of therapeutics for neural degeneration. PBM has been shown to enhance cell differentiation from stem or progenitor cells to near-target or target cells. In this review, we have reviewed research on the effects of PBM on neurogenesis in the central nervous system (e.g., animal brains) and the peripheral nervous system (e.g., peripheral sensory neural structures) and sought its potential as a therapeutic tool for intractable neural degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Chang
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min Young Lee
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head &Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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16
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Wu C, Liu TCY, Duan R, Yang L. Photobiomodulation: A Potential Non-invasive Method to Alleviate Neurological Events Following COVID-19 Infection. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1595-1597. [PMID: 37191785 PMCID: PMC10186286 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chongyun Wu
- College of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- College of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rui Duan
- College of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- College of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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17
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Deng Q, Wu C, Parker E, Liu TCY, Duan R, Yang L. Microglia and Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease: Significance and Summary of Recent Advances. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.0907. [PMID: 37815901 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, one of the most common forms of dementia, is characterized by a slow progression of cognitive impairment and neuronal loss. Currently, approved treatments for AD are hindered by various side effects and limited efficacy. Despite considerable research, practical treatments for AD have not been developed. Increasing evidence shows that glial cells, especially microglia and astrocytes, are essential in the initiation and progression of AD. During AD progression, activated resident microglia increases the ability of resting astrocytes to transform into reactive astrocytes, promoting neurodegeneration. Extensive clinical and molecular studies show the involvement of microglia and astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation in AD pathology, indicating that microglia and astrocytes may be potential therapeutic targets for AD. This review will summarize the significant and recent advances of microglia and astrocytes in the pathogenesis of AD in three parts. First, we will review the typical pathological changes of AD and discuss microglia and astrocytes in terms of function and phenotypic changes. Second, we will describe microglia and astrocytes' physiological and pathological role in AD. These roles include the inflammatory response, "eat me" and "don't eat me" signals, Aβ seeding, propagation, clearance, synapse loss, synaptic pruning, remyelination, and demyelination. Last, we will review the pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies targeting microglia and astrocytes in AD. We conclude that microglia and astrocytes are essential in the initiation and development of AD. Therefore, understanding the new role of microglia and astrocytes in AD progression is critical for future AD studies and clinical trials. Moreover, pharmacological, and non-pharmacological therapies targeting microglia and astrocytes, with specific studies investigating microglia and astrocyte-mediated neuronal damage and repair, may be a promising research direction for future studies regarding AD treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Deng
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Emily Parker
- Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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18
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涂 静, 黄 媛, 黄 莺, 吴 蒙, 王 瑞. [Photobiomodulation Promotes Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Improves Cognitive Function and Anti-Inflammatory Injury in Rats With Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:965-971. [PMID: 37866954 PMCID: PMC10579075 DOI: 10.12182/20230960202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on hippocampal neurogenesis, cognitive function, and inflammatory injury in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Methods Bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) was performed on female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. One week later, the rats were randomly assigned to three groups, Sham surgery (or Sham) group, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) group, and PBM intervention (or BCCAO+PBM) group. There were 8 rats in each group. In the BCCAO group, chronic cerebral hyporeperfusion was induced by permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries and no PBM was given. Rats in the Sham group underwent the same surgical procedure except for the occlusion of the two carotids arteries and no PBM was given. In addition to the BCCAO surgery, rats in the BCCAO+PBM group received 808 nm laser therapy (5 min each time at a laser dose of 20 mW/cm 2) of the frontal cortex every other day for 1 month. Between 86 and 90 days after BCCAO, Morris water maze (MWM) was used to observe the spatial learning and memory function of the rats. The rats were sacrificed on day 90 and immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were performed thereafter. Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the expression of 5-bromodeoxyuracil nucleoside (BrdU), a cell proliferation marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte marker, doublecortin (DCX), a specific marker of newborn neuron precursor cells, NeuN, a marker of mature neurons, and Iba1, a microglia marker, in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) region. Western blot was performed to analyze the protein expressions of inflammasome components, NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, and Iba1 in the hippocampus. Results In the latency trial of MWM test, BCCAO+PBM rats spent shorter periods of time finding the underwater platform than the BCCAO rats did. In the probe trial, after the platform that was original placed in a quadrant was removed, the BCCAO+PBM rats spent longer periods of time exploring the quadrant than the BCCAO animals did ( P<0.05). Compared with BCCAO rats, BCCAO+PBM rats showed significant decrease in the immunofluorescence intensities of GFAP and Iba1 ( P<0.01). PBM intervention significantly increased the number of BrdU-positive cells in the hippocampal DG region compared with those of Sham and BCCAO groups ( P<0.05). Furthermore, the number of NeuN positive cells showed no significant difference among the three groups, while in BCCAO+PBM group, the number of DCX-positive cells was significantly increased ( P<0.001) and the number of DCX +/NeuN + co-located cells was significantly increased compared to that of the BCCAO group ( P<0.001). Compared with those of the BCCAO group, Western blot results showed that the protein expression levels of Iba1, NLRP3, and cleaved caspase-1 in the BCCAO+PBM group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), while the ASC protein expression level showed no significant difference. Conclusion PBM can effectively improve the spatial learning and memory function in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, inhibit the activation of glial cells, reduce inflammatory damage mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome, and promote the regeneration of endogenous neural stem cells in the hippocampal DG region of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- 静宜 涂
- 唐山职业技术学院基础医学部 病理教研室 (唐山 063000)Pathological Teaching and Research Division, Department of Basic Medicine, Tangshan Vocational and Technical College, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - 媛媛 黄
- 唐山职业技术学院基础医学部 病理教研室 (唐山 063000)Pathological Teaching and Research Division, Department of Basic Medicine, Tangshan Vocational and Technical College, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - 莺 黄
- 唐山职业技术学院基础医学部 病理教研室 (唐山 063000)Pathological Teaching and Research Division, Department of Basic Medicine, Tangshan Vocational and Technical College, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - 蒙 吴
- 唐山职业技术学院基础医学部 病理教研室 (唐山 063000)Pathological Teaching and Research Division, Department of Basic Medicine, Tangshan Vocational and Technical College, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - 瑞敏 王
- 唐山职业技术学院基础医学部 病理教研室 (唐山 063000)Pathological Teaching and Research Division, Department of Basic Medicine, Tangshan Vocational and Technical College, Tangshan 063000, China
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19
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Shalaby RA, Qureshi MM, Khan MA, Salam SMA, Kwon HS, Lee KH, Chung E, Kim YR. Photobiomodulation therapy restores olfactory function impaired by photothrombosis in mouse olfactory bulb. Exp Neurol 2023:114462. [PMID: 37295546 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An ischemic stroke typically accompanies numerous disorders ranging from somatosensory dysfunction to cognitive impairments, inflicting patients with various neurologic symptoms. Among pathologic outcomes, post-stroke olfactory dysfunctions are frequently observed. Despite the well-known prevalence, therapy options for such compromised olfaction are limited, likely due to the complexity of olfactory bulb architecture, which encompasses both the peripheral and central nervous systems. As photobiomodulation (PBM) emerged for treating ischemia-associated symptoms, the effectiveness of PBM on stroke-induced impairment of olfactory function was explored. Novel mouse models with olfactory dysfunctions were prepared using photothrombosis (PT) in the olfactory bulb on day 0. The post-PT PBM was performed daily from day 2 to day 7 by irradiating the olfactory bulb via an 808 nm laser with a fluence of 40 J/cm2 (325 mW/cm2 for 2 min per day). The buried food test (BFT) was used to score behavioral acuity in food-deprived mice to assess the olfactory function before PT, after PT, and after PBM. Histopathological examinations and cytokine assays were performed on the mouse brains harvested on day 8. The results from BFT were specific to an individual, with positive correlations between the baseline latency time measured before PT and its alteration at the ensuing stages for both the PT and PT + PBM groups. Also, the correlation analysis in both groups showed highly similar, significant positive relationships between the early and late latency time change independent of PBM, implicating a common recovery mechanism. Particularly, PBM treatment accelerated the recovery of impaired olfaction following PT by suppressing inflammatory cytokines and enhancing both glial and vascular factors (e.g., GFAP, IBA-1, and CD31). PBM therapy during the acute phase of ischemia improves the compromised olfactory function by modulating microenvironments and inflammation status of the affected tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham A Shalaby
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Qureshi
- Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Princess Margret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohd Afzal Khan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea
| | - S M Abdus Salam
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University, Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), South Korea
| | - Hyuk Sang Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University, Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), South Korea.
| | - Euiheon Chung
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea; AI Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea.
| | - Young Ro Kim
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Feng S, Wu C, Zou P, Deng Q, Chen Z, Li M, Zhu L, Li F, Liu TCY, Duan R, Yang L. High-intensity interval training ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-like pathology by regulating astrocyte phenotype-associated AQP4 polarization. Theranostics 2023; 13:3434-3450. [PMID: 37351177 PMCID: PMC10283053 DOI: 10.7150/thno.81951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common forms of dementia, is a widely studied neurodegenerative disease characterized by Aβ accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation. Currently, there is no effective cure available for AD. The astrocyte AQP4 polarized distribution-mediated glymphatic system is essential for Aβ and abnormal tau clearance and is a potential therapeutic target for AD. However, the role of exercise on the AQP4 polarized distribution and the association between the AQP4 polarized distribution and astrocyte phenotype polarization are poorly understood. Methods: Using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced sporadic AD rat model, we investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training on AD pathologies. The Branes maze task was conducted to measure spatial learning and memory. Immunofluorescence staining of NeuN with TUNEL, Fluoro-Jade C, and relative neuronal damage markers was applied to measure neuronal apoptosis, neurodegeneration, and damage. Sholl analysis was carried out to analyze the morphology of microglia. Line-scan analysis, 3D rendering, and the orthogonal view were applied to analyze the colocalization. Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis were conducted to examine AQP4 and Aβ, respectively. An APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice model was used to confirm the key findings. Results: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) alleviates cognitive dysfunction in STZ-induced AD-like rat models and provides neuroprotection against neurodegeneration, neuronal damage, and neuronal loss. Additionally, HIIT improved the drainage of abnormal tau and Aβ from the cortex and hippocampus via the glymphatic system to the kidney. Further mechanistic studies support that the beneficial effects of HIIT on AD might be due, in part, to the polarization of glial cells from a neurotoxic phenotype towards a neuroprotective phenotype. Furthermore, an intriguing finding of our study is that the polarized distribution of AQP4 was strongly correlated with astrocyte phenotype. We found A2 phenotype exhibited more evident AQP4 polarization than the A1 phenotype. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that HIIT ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-like pathology by regulating astrocyte phenotype and astrocyte phenotype-associated AQP4 polarization. These changes promote Aβ and p-tau clearance from the brain tissue through the glymphatic system and the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Feng
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chongyun Wu
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peibin Zou
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qianting Deng
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fanghui Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rui Duan
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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21
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Sheng R, Chen C, Chen H, Yu P. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for stroke rehabilitation: insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuroinflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197422. [PMID: 37283739 PMCID: PMC10239808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with most survivors reporting dysfunctions of motor, sensation, deglutition, cognition, emotion, and speech, etc. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), one of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, is able to modulate neural excitability of brain regions and has been utilized in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Moreover, a large number of studies have shown that the rTMS presents positive effects on function recovery of stroke patients. In this review, we would like to summarized the clinical benefits of rTMS for stroke rehabilitation, including improvements of motor impairment, dysphagia, depression, cognitive function, and central post-stroke pain. In addition, this review will also discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying rTMS-mediated stroke rehabilitation, especially immune regulatory mechanisms, such as regulation of immune cells and inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the neuroimaging technique as an important tool in rTMS-mediated stroke rehabilitation has been discussed, to better understanding the mechanisms underlying the effects of rTMS. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of rTMS-mediated stroke rehabilitation are also elucidated with the intention to accelerate its widespread clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun Sheng
- Department of Radiology, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changchun Chen
- Department of Radiology, The People’s Hospital of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Radiology, The People’s Hospital of Longyou, Quzhou, China
| | - Peipei Yu
- Department of Radiology, Sanmen People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
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22
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Calbiague García V, Cadiz B, Herrera P, Díaz A, Schmachtenberg O. Evaluation of Photobiomodulation and Boldine as Alternative Treatment Options in Two Diabetic Retinopathy Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097918. [PMID: 37175628 PMCID: PMC10178531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy causes progressive and irreversible damage to the retina through activation of inflammatory processes, overproduction of oxidative species, and glial reactivity, leading to changes in neuronal function and finally ischemia, edema, and hemorrhages. Current treatments are invasive and mostly applied at advanced stages, stressing the need for alternatives. To this end, we tested two unconventional and potentially complementary non-invasive treatment options: Photobiomodulation, the stimulation with near-infrared light, has shown promising results in ameliorating retinal pathologies and insults in several studies but remains controversial. Boldine, on the other hand, is a potent natural antioxidant and potentially useful to prevent free radical-induced oxidative stress. To establish a baseline, we first evaluated the effects of diabetic conditions on the retina with immunofluorescence, histological, and ultrastructural analysis in two diabetes model systems, obese LepRdb/db mice and organotypic retinal explants, and then tested the potential benefits of photobiomodulation and boldine treatment in vitro on retinal explants subjected to high glucose concentrations, mimicking diabetic conditions. Our results suggest that the principal subcellular structures affected by these conditions were mitochondria in the inner segment of photoreceptors, which displayed morphological changes in both model systems. In retinal explants, lactate metabolism, assayed as an indicator of mitochondrial function, was altered, and decreased photoreceptor viability was observed, presumably as a consequence of increased oxidative-nitrosative stress. The latter was reduced by boldine treatment in vitro, while photobiomodulation improved mitochondrial metabolism but was insufficient to prevent retinal structural damage caused by high glucose. These results warrant further research into alternative and complementary treatment options for diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Calbiague García
- Ph. D. Program in Neuroscience, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Bárbara Cadiz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Pablo Herrera
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Alejandra Díaz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Oliver Schmachtenberg
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
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23
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Wu C, Zou P, Feng S, Zhu L, Li F, Liu TCY, Duan R, Yang L. Molecular Hydrogen: an Emerging Therapeutic Medical Gas for Brain Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1749-1765. [PMID: 36567361 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03175-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are the main physiopathological changes involved in the initiation and progression of various neurodegenerative disorders or brain injuries. Since the landmark finding reported in 2007 found that hydrogen reduced the levels of peroxynitrite anions and hydroxyl free radicals in ischemic stroke, molecular hydrogen's antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects have aroused widespread interest. Due to its excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, hydrogen therapy via different routes of administration exhibits great therapeutic potential for a wide range of brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, depression, anxiety, traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. This paper reviews the routes for hydrogen administration, the effects of hydrogen on the previously mentioned brain disorders, and the primary mechanism underlying hydrogen's neuroprotection. Finally, we discuss hydrogen therapy's remaining issues and challenges in brain disorders. We conclude that understanding the exact molecular target, finding novel routes, and determining the optimal dosage for hydrogen administration is critical for future studies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peibin Zou
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shu Feng
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fanghui Li
- School of Sports Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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24
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Rodrigues AF, Rebelo C, Reis T, Simões S, Bernardino L, Peça J, Ferreira L. Engineering optical tools for remotely controlled brain stimulation and regeneration. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:3034-3050. [PMID: 36947145 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm02059a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are one of the world's leading medical and societal challenges due to the lack of efficacy of the first line treatment. Although pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions have been employed with the aim of regulating neuronal activity and survival, they have failed to avoid symptom relapse and disease progression in the vast majority of patients. In the last 5 years, advanced drug delivery systems delivering bioactive molecules and neuromodulation strategies have been developed to promote tissue regeneration and remodel neuronal circuitry. However, both approaches still have limited spatial and temporal precision over the desired target regions. While external stimuli such as electromagnetic fields and ultrasound have been employed in the clinic for non-invasive neuromodulation, they do not have the capability of offering single-cell spatial resolution as light stimulation. Herein, we review the latest progress in this area of study and discuss the prospects of using light-responsive nanomaterials to achieve on-demand delivery of drugs and neuromodulation, with the aim of achieving brain stimulation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Filipe Rodrigues
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Rebelo
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Central, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Reis
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Central, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Susana Simões
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Central, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Liliana Bernardino
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João Peça
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Central, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Lino Ferreira
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Central, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.
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25
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Nie F, Hao S, Ji Y, Zhang Y, Sun H, Will M, Han W, Ding Y. Biphasic dose response in the anti-inflammation experiment of PBM. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:66. [PMID: 36749428 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive laser irradiation can induce photobiomodulation (PBM) effects in cells and tissues, which can help reduce inflammation and pain in several clinical scenarios. The purpose of this study is to review the current literature to verify whether PBM can produce dose effects in anti-inflammatory experiments by summarizing the clinical and experimental effects of different laser parameters of several diseases. The so-called Arndt-Schulz curve is often used to describe two-phase dose reactions, assuming small doses of therapeutic stimulation, medium doses of inhibition, and large doses of killing. In the past decade, more and more attention has been paid to the clinical application of PBM, especially in the field of anti-inflammation, because it represents a non-invasive strategy with few contraindications. Although there are different types of lasers available, their use is adjusted by different parameters. In general, the parameters involved are wavelength, energy density, power output, and radiation time. However, due to the biphasic effect, the scientific and medical communities remain puzzled by the ways in which the application of PBM must be modified depending on its clinical application. This article will discuss these parameter adjustments and will then also briefly introduce two controversial theories of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of PBM. A better understanding of the extent of dualistic dose response in low-intensity laser therapy is necessary to optimize clinical treatment. It also allows us to explore the most dependable mechanism for PBM use and, ultimately, standardize treatment for patients with various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Nie
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaolong Hao
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Ji
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Melissa Will
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wei Han
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - YuChuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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26
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Stevens AR, Hadis M, Milward M, Ahmed Z, Belli A, Palin W, Davies DJ. Photobiomodulation in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:210-227. [PMID: 35698294 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a therapeutic modality that has gained increasing interest in neuroscience applications, including acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). Its proposed mechanisms for therapeutic effect when delivered to the injured brain include antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. This systematic review summarizes the available evidence for the value of PBM in improving outcomes in acute TBI and presents a meta-analysis of the pre-clinical evidence for neurological severity score (NSS) and lesion size in animal models of TBI. A systematic review of the literature was performed, with searches and data extraction performed independently in duplicate by two authors. Eighteen published articles were identified for inclusion: seventeen pre-clinical studies of in vivo animal models and one clinical study in human patients. The available human study supports safety and feasibility of PBM in acute moderate TBI. For pre-clinical studies, meta-analysis for NSS and lesion size were found to favor intervention versus control. Subgroup analysis based on PBM parameter variables for these outcomes was performed. Favorable parameters were identified as: wavelengths in the region of 665 nm and 810 nm; time to first administration of PBM ≤4 h; total number of daily treatments ≤3. No differences were identified between pulsed and continuous wave modes or energy delivery. Mechanistic substudies within included in vivo studies are presented and were found to support hypotheses of antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and pro-proliferative effects, and a modulation of cellular metabolism. This systematic review provides substantial meta-analysis evidence of the benefits of PBM on functional and histological outcomes of TBI in in vivo mammalian models. Study design and PBM parameters should be closely considered for future human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Robert Stevens
- Department of Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, and University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Phototherapy Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Hadis
- Phototherapy Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Milward
- Phototherapy Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Department of Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, and University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Trauma Sciences Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Belli
- Department of Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, and University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Trauma Sciences Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - William Palin
- Phototherapy Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David James Davies
- Department of Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, and University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Phototherapy Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Trauma Sciences Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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27
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Huang Z, Zhang Y, Ma X, Feng Y, Zong X, Jordan JD, Zhang Q. Photobiomodulation attenuates oligodendrocyte dysfunction and prevents adverse neurological consequences in a rat model of early life adversity. Theranostics 2023; 13:913-930. [PMID: 36793860 PMCID: PMC9925323 DOI: 10.7150/thno.78777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Adverse experiences in early life including abuse, trauma and neglect, have been linked to poor physical and mental health outcomes. Emerging evidence implies that those who experienced early life adversity (ELA) are more likely to develop cognitive dysfunction and depressive-like symptoms in adulthood. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the negative consequences of ELA, however, remain unclear. In the absence of effective management options, anticipatory guidance is the mainstay of ELA prevention. Furthermore, there is no available treatment that prevents or alleviates the neurologic sequelae of ELA, especially traumatic stress. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the mechanisms for these associations and evaluate whether photobiomodulation (PBM), a non-invasive therapeutic procedure, can prevent the negative cognitive and behavioral manifestations of ELA in later life. Methods: ELA was induced by repeated inescapable electric foot shock of rats from postnatal day 21 to 26. On the day immediately following the last foot shock, 2-min daily PBM treatment was applied transcranially for 7 consecutive days. Cognitive dysfunction and depression-like behaviors were measured by a battery of behavioral tests in adulthood. Subsequently, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) differentiation, the proliferation and apoptosis of oligodendrocyte lineage cells (OLs), mature oligodendrocyte, myelinating oligodendrocyte, the level of oxidative damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total antioxidant capacity were measured and analyzed using immunofluorescence staining, capillary-based immunoassay (ProteinSimple®) and antioxidant assay kit. Results: The rats exposed to ELA exhibited obvious oligodendrocyte dysfunction, including a reduction in OPCs differentiation, diminished generation and survival of OLs, decreased OLs, and decreased matured oligodendrocyte. Furthermore, a deficit in myelinating oligodendrocytes was observed, in conjunction with an imbalance in redox homeostasis and accumulated oxidative damage. These alternations were concomitant with cognitive dysfunction and depression-like behaviors. Importantly, we found that early PBM treatment largely prevented these pathologies and reversed the neurologic sequelae resulting from ELA. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which ELA affects neurological outcomes. Moreover, our findings support that PBM may be a promising strategy to prevent ELA-induced neurologic sequelae that develops later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J. Dedrick Jordan
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA 71103 USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA 71103 USA
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28
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Lee TL, Ding Z, Chan AS. Can transcranial photobiomodulation improve cognitive function? A systematic review of human studies. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101786. [PMID: 36371017 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) has been studied for over a decade as a possible cognitive intervention. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of tPBM for enhancing human cognitive function in healthy adults and remediating impaired cognitive function in adults with cognitive disorders. METHODS A systematic literature search from three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) was conducted from 1987 to May 2022. The cognitive function being evaluated included learning and memory, attention, executive function, language, and global cognitive function. RESULTS Of the 35 studies identified, 29 (82.9 %) studies reported positive improvement in cognitive functions after tPBM. All nine studies on participants with subjective memory complaints, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia, showed positive outcomes. Seven (87.5 %) studies on traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients also showed positive results. A series of clinical trials on stroke patients showed positive trends on improved neurological deficit at first, but was prematurely terminated later at phase III due to the lack of statistical significance. One of the most common protocols for clinical populations employed devices delivering near-infrared light (810 nm), the irradiance of 20-25 mW/cm2, and fluence of 1-10 J/cm2. While this was common, the reviewed protocols also included other wavelengths of light ranging from visible, red (630-635 nm) to invisible near-infrared maximum wavelengths of 1060-1068 nm. CONCLUSIONS tPBM seems to improve cognitive function. However, only half of the reviewed clinical trials were randomized control trials, further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz-Lok Lee
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zihan Ding
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Agnes S Chan
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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29
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Feng Y, Yang L, Ma X, Huang Z, Zong X, Citadin CT, Lin HW, Zhang Q. Photobiomodulation treatment inhibits neurotoxic astrocytic polarization and protects neurons in in vitro and in vivo stroke models. Neurochem Int 2023; 162:105464. [PMID: 36539162 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on function recovery after stroke have been well-established, while its molecular and cellular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of PBM on synaptic proteins and astrocyte polarization of photothrombotic (PT)-stroke induced rats in vivo, and explore the possible effect of PBM treatment on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced neurotoxic astrocytic polarization in vitro. We reported that 2-min PBM treatment (808 nm) for 7 days significantly increased synaptic proteins and neuroprotective astrocytic marker S100 Calcium Binding Protein A10 (S100A10) and inhibited neurotoxic astrocytic marker C3d in the peri-infarct region after ischemic stroke. Cell culture studies of primary cortical neurons and N2a cells showed that single-dose PBM treatment could increase cellular viability, regulate the apoptotic proteins (Caspase 9, Bcl-xL and BAX) and preserve synaptic proteins following OGD exposure. Additionly, PBM decreased the levels of C3d, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) on astrocytes exposed to OGD. In summary, we demonstrated that PBM could inhibit neurotoxic astrocytic polarization, preserve synaptic integrity and protect neurons against stroke injury both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Luodan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Zhihai Huang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Xuemei Zong
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Cristiane Teresinha Citadin
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA, 71103, USA; Department of Cellular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA, 71103, USA.
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30
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Shamloo S, Defensor E, Ciari P, Ogawa G, Vidano L, Lin JS, Fortkort JA, Shamloo M, Barron AE. The anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation are mediated by cytokines: Evidence from a mouse model of inflammation. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1150156. [PMID: 37090796 PMCID: PMC10115964 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1150156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for therapeutic approaches that can prevent or limit neuroinflammatory processes and prevent neuronal degeneration. Photobiomodulation (PBM), the therapeutic use of specific wavelengths of light, is a safe approach shown to have anti-inflammatory effects. The current study was aimed at evaluating the effects of PBM on LPS-induced peripheral and central inflammation in mice to assess its potential as an anti-inflammatory treatment. Daily, 30-min treatment of mice with red/NIR light (RL) or RL with a 40 Hz gamma frequency flicker for 10 days prior to LPS challenge showed anti-inflammatory effects in the brain and systemically. PBM downregulated LPS induction of key proinflammatory cytokines associated with inflammasome activation, IL-1β and IL-18, and upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. RL provided robust anti-inflammatory effects, and the addition of gamma flicker potentiated these effects. Overall, these results demonstrate the potential of PBM as an anti-inflammatory treatment that acts through cytokine expression modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Shamloo
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Erwin Defensor
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Peter Ciari
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Gaku Ogawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Laura Vidano
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - John A. Fortkort
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Mehrdad Shamloo,
| | - Annelise E. Barron
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Annelise E. Barron,
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Kim UJ, Hong N, Ahn JC. Photobiomodulation Attenuated Cognitive Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in a Prenatal Valproic Acid-Induced Autism Spectrum Disorder Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416099. [PMID: 36555737 PMCID: PMC9785820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication and interaction disorders, as well as repetitive and restrictive behaviors. To date, no effective treatment strategies have been identified. However, photobiomodulation (PBM) is emerging as a promising treatment for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. We used mice exposed to valproic acid (VPA) as a model of ASD and found that pathological behavioral and histological changes that may have been induced by VPA were attenuated by PBM treatment. Pregnant mice that had been exposed to VPA were treated with PBM three times. Thereafter, we evaluated the offspring for developmental disorders, motor function, hyperactivity, repetitive behaviors, and cognitive impairment. PBM attenuated many of the pathological behaviors observed in the VPA-induced ASD mouse model. In addition, pathophysiological analyses confirmed that the increase in activated microglia and astrocytes observed in the VPA-induced ASD mouse model was attenuated by PBM treatment. This suggests that PBM can counteract the behavioral changes caused by neuroinflammation in ASD. Therefore, our data show that PBM has therapeutic potential and may reduce the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ui-Jin Kim
- Department of Medical Laser, Graduate School, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Namgue Hong
- Medical Laser Research Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (N.H.); (J.-C.A.)
| | - Jin-Chul Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (N.H.); (J.-C.A.)
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Abstract
Although the cause(s) of Alzheimer's disease in the majority of cases remains elusive, it has long been associated with hypertension. In animal models of the disease, hypertension has been shown to exacerbate Alzheimer-like pathology and behavior, while in humans, hypertension during mid-life increases the risk of developing the disease later in life. Unfortunately, once individuals are diagnosed with the disease, there are few therapeutic options available. There is neither an effective symptomatic treatment, one that treats the debilitating cognitive and memory deficits, nor, more importantly, a neuroprotective treatment, one that stops the relentless progression of the pathology. Further, there is no specific preventative treatment that offsets the onset of the disease. A key factor or clue in this quest for an effective preventative and therapeutic treatment may lie in the contribution of hypertension to the disease. In this review, we explore the idea that photobiomodulation, the application of specific wavelengths of light onto body tissues, can reduce the neuropathology and behavioral deficits in Alzheimer's disease by controlling hypertension. We suggest that treatment with photobiomodulation can be an effective preventative and therapeutic option for this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Valverde
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Fonds de dotation Clinatec, Grenoble, France
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Fonds de dotation Clinatec, Grenoble, France,
Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom,Correspondence to: John Mitrofanis, E-mail:
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Yang L, Feng S, Wu C, Yang L. The Lung Microbiome: A Potential Target in Regulating Autoimmune Inflammation of the Brain. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:1435-1437. [PMID: 35821336 PMCID: PMC9672157 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luoman Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shu Feng
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Luodan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
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Wu C, Yang L, Feng S, Zhu L, Yang L, Liu TCY, Duan R. Therapeutic non-invasive brain treatments in Alzheimer's disease: recent advances and challenges. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:31. [PMID: 36184623 PMCID: PMC9527145 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases and the most common form of dementia. Characterized by the loss of learning, memory, problem-solving, language, and other thinking abilities, AD exerts a detrimental effect on both patients' and families' quality of life. Although there have been significant advances in understanding the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis and progression of AD, there is no cure for AD. The failure of numerous molecular targeted pharmacologic clinical trials leads to an emerging research shift toward non-invasive therapies, especially multiple targeted non-invasive treatments. In this paper, we reviewed the advances of the most widely studied non-invasive therapies, including photobiomodulation (PBM), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and exercise therapy. Firstly, we reviewed the pathological changes of AD and the challenges for AD studies. We then introduced these non-invasive therapies and discussed the factors that may affect the effects of these therapies. Additionally, we review the effects of these therapies and the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. Finally, we summarized the challenges of the non-invasive treatments in future AD studies and clinical applications. We concluded that it would be critical to understand the exact underlying mechanisms and find the optimal treatment parameters to improve the translational value of these non-invasive therapies. Moreover, the combined use of non-invasive treatments is also a promising research direction for future studies and sheds light on the future treatment or prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Luoman Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital (PUTH), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shu Feng
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Rui Duan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Cardoso FDS, Salehpour F, Coimbra NC, Gonzalez-Lima F, Gomes da Silva S. Photobiomodulation for the treatment of neuroinflammation: A systematic review of controlled laboratory animal studies. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1006031. [PMID: 36203812 PMCID: PMC9531128 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1006031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation is a response that involves different cell lineages of the central nervous system, such as neurons and glial cells. Among the non-pharmacological interventions for neuroinflammation, photobiomodulation (PBM) is gaining prominence because of its beneficial effects found in experimental brain research. We systematically reviewed the effects of PBM on laboratory animal models, specially to investigate potential benefits of PBM as an efficient anti-inflammatory therapy. Methods We conducted a systematic search on the bibliographic databases (PubMed and ScienceDirect) with the keywords based on MeSH terms: photobiomodulation, low-level laser therapy, brain, neuroinflammation, inflammation, cytokine, and microglia. Data search was limited from 2009 to June 2022. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. The initial systematic search identified 140 articles. Among them, 54 articles were removed for duplication and 59 articles by screening. Therefore, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results The studies showed that PBM has anti-inflammatory properties in several conditions, such as traumatic brain injury, edema formation and hyperalgesia, ischemia, neurodegenerative conditions, aging, epilepsy, depression, and spinal cord injury. Conclusion Taken together, these results indicate that transcranial PBM therapy is a promising strategy to treat brain pathological conditions induced by neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrízio dos Santos Cardoso
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Fabrízio dos Santos Cardoso
| | - Farzad Salehpour
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Sérgio Gomes da Silva
- Centro Universitário UNIFAMINAS (UNIFAMINAS), Muriaé, MG, Brazil
- Hospital do Câncer de Muriaé, Fundação Cristiano Varella (FCV), Muriaé, MG, Brazil
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Cardoso FDS, Serra FT, Coimbra NC, Gonzalez-Lima F, Gomes da Silva S. Transcranial photobiomodulation changes neuronal morphology in the cerebral cortex of rats. Neurosci Lett 2022; 781:136681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pallanti S, Di Ponzio M, Grassi E, Vannini G, Cauli G. Transcranial Photobiomodulation for the Treatment of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Retrospective Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9050755. [PMID: 35626932 PMCID: PMC9139753 DOI: 10.3390/children9050755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) face several challenges due to deficits in social function and communication along with restricted patterns of behaviors. Often, they also have difficult-to-manage and disruptive behaviors. At the moment, there are no pharmacological treatments for ASD core features. Recently, there has been a growing interest in non-pharmacological interventions for ASD, such as neuromodulation. In this retrospective study, data are reported and analyzed from 21 patients (13 males, 8 females) with ASD, with an average age of 9.1 (range 5−15), who received six months of transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) at home using two protocols (alpha and gamma), which, respectively, modulates the alpha and gamma bands. They were evaluated at baseline, after three and six months of treatment using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), the Home Situation Questionnaire-ASD (HSQ-ASD), the Autism Parenting Stress Index (APSI), the Montefiore Einstein Rigidity Scale−Revised (MERS−R), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the SDAG, to evaluate attention. Findings show that tPBM was associated with a reduction in ASD severity, as shown by a decrease in CARS scores during the intervention (p < 0.001). A relevant reduction in noncompliant behavior and in parental stress have been found. Moreover, a reduction in behavioral and cognitive rigidity was reported as well as an improvement in attentional functions and in sleep quality. Limitations were discussed as well as future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pallanti
- Neurodevelopment Division, Istituto di Neuroscienze, 50121 Florence, Italy; (M.D.P.); (E.G.); (G.V.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Michele Di Ponzio
- Neurodevelopment Division, Istituto di Neuroscienze, 50121 Florence, Italy; (M.D.P.); (E.G.); (G.V.)
| | - Eleonora Grassi
- Neurodevelopment Division, Istituto di Neuroscienze, 50121 Florence, Italy; (M.D.P.); (E.G.); (G.V.)
| | - Gloria Vannini
- Neurodevelopment Division, Istituto di Neuroscienze, 50121 Florence, Italy; (M.D.P.); (E.G.); (G.V.)
| | - Gilla Cauli
- Asst Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy;
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Zhang S, Chen S, Ao P, Cai R, Liu W, Wei L. Polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica protect memory abilities and neurogenesis in mice after cranial irradiation through ameliorating neuroinflammation and collagen IV degradation. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1-10. [PMID: 35394414 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2063961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is one of the most common long-term complications for patients with malignant brain tumors after radiotherapy. At present, there is no effective treatment for RIBI. Recent studies have also confirmed that polysaccharides from laminaria japonica (LJP) display potential neuroprotective function. However, its mechanisms of neuroprotection remain unclear. AIM In this study, we aimed to explore the effect and underlying mechanism of LJP on neurogenesis in radiation-induced brain injury mice. METHODS SPF two-month-old male mice were randomly divided into control group (Con), LJP treatment group (LJP), irradiation group (IR), and irradiation with LJP treatment group (IR + LJP). LJP (40 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally injected at one day before radiation for seven consecutive days (once daily). The mice were exposed to 10 Gy × 2 fractionated doses, once every other day, with a total dose of 20 Gy. Changes in cognitive function of mice following radiation were evaluated by the Morris water maze test. Furthermore, body weight and general status of mice were measured throughout the experiment. Immunohistochemical staining for neural proliferating cells (Ki67+ cells) and immature neurons (DCX + cells) was utilized to assay changes of neurogenesis in hippocampus. Microglial activation and collagen IV deposition within the neurogenic microenvironment were observed respectively by immunohistochemical staining for Iba-1 and Collagen IV in the hippocampus. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) in the hippocampus were detected by ELISA kits post-radiation. RESULTS Morris water maze test showed that LJP therapy markedly reduced the escape latency and increased the times of crossing platform and percent time of the target quadrant in the radiated mice. In addition, the decrease of the neural proliferating cells (Ki67+ cells) and immature neurons (DCX + cells) in the hippocampus of mice following irradiation was significantly mitigated by the LJP treatment, suggesting that LJP could prevent from neurogenesis damage after irradiation. LJP injection significantly attenuated degradation of collagen IV, activation of microglia, and increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) levels in the neurogenic microenvironment of the hippocampus after radiation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that LJP early treatment may mitigate radiation-induced cognitive impairments and that its mechanism may relate to its protection of neurogenesis by alleviating neuroinflammation and collagen IV degradation within the neurogenic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang, Nanning, China
| | - Shaoyong Chen
- College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang, Nanning, China
| | - Pian Ao
- College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang, Nanning, China
| | - Rong Cai
- College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang, Nanning, China
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Yang L, Wu C, Li Y, Dong Y, Wu CYC, Lee RHC, Brann DW, Lin HW, Zhang Q. Long-term exercise pre-training attenuates Alzheimer's disease-related pathology in a transgenic rat model of Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2022; 44:1457-1477. [PMID: 35229257 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Despite enormous efforts around the world, there remains no effective cure for AD. This study was performed to investigate the effects of long-term exercise pretreatment on the typical pathology of AD in a novel transgenic AD rat model. Male 2-month-old animals were divided into the following groups: wild-type (WT) rats, AD rats, and AD rats with treadmill exercise pretreatment (AD-Exe). After exercise pretreatment, the Barnes maze task, passive avoidance task, and cued fear conditioning test were performed to test learning and memory function. The elevated plus maze, open field test, sucrose preference test, and forced swim test were conducted to measure anxious-depressive-like behavior. Immunofluorescence staining, Golgi staining, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot analysis, F-Jade C staining, TUNEL staining, and related assay kits were conducted to measure Aβ plaques, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuronal damage, neuronal degeneration, dendritic spine density, synapses, synaptic vesicles, mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial dynamic, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Behavioral tests revealed that long-term exercise pretreatment significantly alleviated learning and memory dysfunction and anxious-depressive-like behaviors in AD animals. In addition, exercise pretreatment attenuated amyloid-β deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation and preserved spine density, synapses, and presynaptic vesicles. Exercise also inhibited neuronal damage, neuronal apoptosis, and neuronal degeneration. Additional studies revealed the imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics was significantly inhibited by exercise pretreatment accompanied by a remarkable suppression of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Our findings suggest that long-term exercise pretreatment alleviated behavioral deficits and typical pathologies of the AD rat model, supporting long-term exercise pretreatment as a potential approach to delay the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luodan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Darrell W Brann
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
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Photobiomodulation at Different Wavelengths Boosts Mitochondrial Redox Metabolism and Hemoglobin Oxygenation: Lasers vs. Light-Emitting Diodes In Vivo. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020103. [PMID: 35208178 PMCID: PMC8880116 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our group previously examined 8 min photobiomodulation (PBM) by 1064 nm laser on the human forearm in vivo to determine its significant effects on vascular hemodynamics and cytochrome c oxidase redox activity. Since PBM uses a wide array of wavelengths, in this paper, we investigated (i) whether different wavelengths of lasers induced different PBM effects, and (ii) if a light-emitting diode (LED) at a similar wavelength to a laser could induce similar PBM effects. A broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (bbNIRS) system was utilized to assess concentration changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (Δ[HbO]) and oxidized cytochrome c oxidase (Δ[oxCCO]) during and after PBM with lasers at 800 nm, 850 nm, and 1064 nm, as well as a LED at 810 nm. Two groups of 10 healthy participants were measured before, during, and after active and sham PBM on their forearms. All results were tested for significance using repeated measures ANOVA. Our results showed that (i) lasers at all three wavelengths enabled significant increases in Δ[HbO] and Δ[oxCCO] of the human forearm while the 1064 nm laser sustained the increases longer, and that (ii) the 810-nm LED with a moderate irradiance (≈135 mW/cm2) induced measurable and significant rises in Δ[HbO] and Δ[oxCCO] with respect to the sham stimulation on the human forearm.
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Topaloglu N, Bakay E. Mechanistic Approaches to the Light-Induced Neural Cell Differentiation: Photobiomodulation vs Low-Dose Photodynamic Therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102702. [PMID: 34954387 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases are the results of irreversible damages in the neuronal cells by affecting vital functions temporarily or even permanently. The use of light for the treatment of these diseases is an emerging promising innovative method. Photobiomodulation (PBM) and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) are the modalities that have a wide range of use in medicine and have opposite purposes, biostimulation and cell death respectively. METHODS In this study, we aimed to compare these two modalities (PDT and PBM) at low-level intensities and create a stimulatory effect on the differentiation of PC12 cells. Three different energy densities (1, 3, and 5 J/cm2) were used in PBM and Chlorin e6-mediated PDT applications upon irradiation with 655-nm laser light. The light-induced differentiation profile of PC12 cells was analyzed by morphological examinations, qRT-PCR, cell viability assay, and some mechanistic approaches such as; the analysis of intracellular ROS production, NO release, and mitochondrial membrane potential change. RESULTS It has been observed that both of these modalities were successful at neural cell differentiation. PBM at 1 J/cm2 and low-dose PDT at 3 J/cm2 energy densities provided the best differentiation profiles which were proved by the over-expressions of SYN-1 and GAP43 genes. It was also observed that intracellular ROS production and NO release had pivotal roles in these mechanisms with more cell differentiation obtained especially in low-dose PDT application. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that light-induced mechanisms with properly optimized light parameters have the capacity for neural cell regeneration and thus, can be a successful treatment for incurable neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Topaloglu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, 35620 Turkey.
| | - Emel Bakay
- Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, 35620 Turkey.
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Change in the central control of the bladder function of rats with focal cerebral infarction induced by photochemically-induced thrombosis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255200. [PMID: 34752461 PMCID: PMC8577768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The photochemically-induced thrombosis (photothrombosis) method can create focal cerebral infarcts anywhere in the relatively superficial layers of the cerebrum; it is easy to implement and minimally invasive. Taking advantage of this versatility, we aimed to establish a new rat model of urinary frequency with focal cerebral infarction, which was characterized by its simplicity, nonlethal nature, and high reproducibility. The prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex, which are involved in lower urinary tract control, were targeted for focal cerebral infarction, and urinary parameters were measured by cystometrogram. Cystometric analysis indicated that micturition intervals significantly shortened in photothrombosis-treated rats compared with those in the sham operative group on Days 1 and 7 (P < 0.01), but prolonged after 14 days, with no difference between the two groups. Immunopathological evaluation showed an accumulation of activated microglia, followed by an increase in reactive astrocytes at the peri-infarct zone after photothrombotic stroke. Throughout this study, all postphotothrombosis rats showed cerebral infarction in the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex; there were no cases of rats with fatal cerebral infarction. This model corresponded to the clinical presentation, in that the micturition status changed after stroke. In conclusion, this novel model combining nonlethality and high reproducibility may be a suitable model of urinary frequency after focal cerebral infarction.
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Wang X, Li X, Zuo X, Liang Z, Ding T, Li K, Ma Y, Li P, Zhu Z, Ju C, Zhang Z, Song Z, Quan H, Zhang J, Hu X, Wang Z. Photobiomodulation inhibits the activation of neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes by inhibiting Lcn2/JAK2-STAT3 crosstalk after spinal cord injury in male rats. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:256. [PMID: 34740378 PMCID: PMC8571847 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes begin to activate and participate in pathological processes after spinal cord injury (SCI), subsequently causing severe secondary damage and affecting tissue repair. We have previously reported that photobiomodulation (PBM) can promote functional recovery by reducing neuroinflammation after SCI, but little is known about the underlying mechanism. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether PBM ameliorates neuroinflammation by modulating the activation of microglia and astrocytes after SCI. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: a sham control group, an SCI + vehicle group and an SCI + PBM group. PBM was performed for two consecutive weeks after clip-compression SCI models were established. The activation of neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes, the level of tissue apoptosis, the number of motor neurons and the recovery of motor function were evaluated at different days post-injury (1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days post-injury, dpi). Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) and Janus kinase-2 (JAK2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) signaling were regarded as potential targets by which PBM affected neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes. In in vitro experiments, primary microglia and astrocytes were irradiated with PBM and cotreated with cucurbitacin I (a JAK2-STAT3 pathway inhibitor), an adenovirus (shRNA-Lcn2) and recombinant Lcn2 protein. RESULTS PBM promoted the recovery of motor function, inhibited the activation of neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes, alleviated neuroinflammation and tissue apoptosis, and increased the number of neurons retained after SCI. The upregulation of Lcn2 and the activation of the JAK2-STAT3 pathway after SCI were suppressed by PBM. In vitro experiments also showed that Lcn2 and JAK2-STAT3 were mutually promoted and that PBM interfered with this interaction, inhibiting the activation of microglia and astrocytes. CONCLUSION Lcn2/JAK2-STAT3 crosstalk is involved in the activation of neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes after SCI, and this process can be suppressed by PBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuankang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.,967 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuowen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tan Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangguang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhijie Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng Ju
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- 967 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiwen Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huilin Quan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueyu Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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Cheng CY, Huang HC, Kao ST, Lee YC. Angelica sinensis extract promotes neuronal survival by enhancing p38 MAPK-mediated hippocampal neurogenesis and dendritic growth in the chronic phase of transient global cerebral ischemia in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114301. [PMID: 34090910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (ASD), commonly known as Dang Gui, is a popular Chinese herb that has long been used to treat ischemic stroke. However, the effects of ASD in chronic cerebral ischemia and its underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to determine the effects of the ASD extract on hippocampal neuronal survival at 28 d after transient global cerebral ischemia (GCI) and to investigate the precise mechanisms underlying the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related signaling pathway's involvement in hippocampal neurogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats underwent 25 min of four-vessel occlusion. The ASD extract was intragastrically administered at doses of 0.25 g/kg (ASD-0.25 g), 0.5 g/kg (ASD-0.5 g), 1 g/kg (ASD-1 g), 1 g/kg after dimethyl sulfoxide administration (D + ASD-1 g), or 1 g/kg after SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) administration (SB + ASD-1 g) at 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, and 24 d after transient GCI. RESULTS ASD-0.5 g, ASD-1 g, and D + ASD-1 g treatments had the following effects: upregulation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and Ki67 expression, and BrdU/neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and Ki67/nestin co-expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG); upregulation of microtubule-associated protein 2/NeuN co-expression, and NeuN and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, and downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α/GFAP co-expression in the hippocampal CA1 region; upregulation of phospho-p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression in the hippocampus. SB + ASD-1 g treatment abrogated the effects of ASD-1 g on the expression of these proteins. CONCLUSIONS ASD-0.5 g and ASD-1 g treatments promotes neuronal survival by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis. The effects of the ASD extract on astrocyte-associated hippocampal neurogenesis and dendritic growth are caused by the activation of p38 MAPK-mediated CREB/BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF-A signaling pathways in the hippocampus at 28 d after transient GCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yi Cheng
- School of Post-baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Hui-Sheng Hospital, Taichung, 42056, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 42056, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Hassan MP, Abdollahifar MA, Aliaghaei A, Tabeie F, Vafaei-Nezhad S, Norouzian M, Abbaszadeh HA. Photobiomodulation therapy improved functional recovery and overexpression of interleukins-10 after contusion spinal cord injury in rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 117:102010. [PMID: 34343596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Following severe Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), regeneration is inadequate, and functional recovery is incomplete. The occurrence of oxidative stress and the spread of inflammation play a crucial role in the failure to regenerate the injury site. In this way, we explored the neuroprotective effects of PhotoBioModulation (PBM), as the main factor in controlling these two destructive factors, on SCI. fifty-four female adult Wistar rats divided into three groups: sham group (just eliminate vertebra lamina, n = 18), SCI group (n = 18), and SCI-PBM group which exposed to PBM (150 MW, 50 min/day, 14 days, n = 18). After SCI induction at the endpoint of the study (the end of 8 week), we took tissue samples from the spinal cord for evaluating the biochemical profiles that include Catalase (CAT), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-PX) levels, immunohistochemistry for Caspase-3, gene expressions of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), and Interleukin (IL-10). Also, stereological assessments evaluated the spinal cord, central cavity volumes, and numerical density of the glial and neural cells in the traumatic area. The open-field test, rotarod test, Narrow Beam Test (NBT), Electromyography recording (EMG) test and the Basso-Beattie-Bresnehan (BBB) evaluated the neurological functions. Our results showed that the stereological parameters, biochemical profiles (except MDA), and neurological functions were markedly greater in the SCI-PBM group in comparison with SCI group. The transcript for the IL-10 gene was seriously upregulated in the SCI-PBM group compared to the SCI group. This is while gene expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, also density of apoptosis cells in Caspase-3 evaluation decreased significantly more in the SCI-PBM group compared to the SCI group. Overall, using PBM treatment immediately after SCI has neuroprotective effects by controlling oxidative stress and inflammation and preventing the spread of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Poor Hassan
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faraj Tabeie
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Vafaei-Nezhad
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohsen Norouzian
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Gerace E, Cialdai F, Sereni E, Lana D, Nosi D, Giovannini MG, Monici M, Mannaioni G. NIR Laser Photobiomodulation Induces Neuroprotection in an In Vitro Model of Cerebral Hypoxia/Ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5383-5395. [PMID: 34319540 PMCID: PMC8497317 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain photobiomodulation (PBM) is an innovative treatment for a variety of neurological conditions, including cerebral ischemia. However, the capability of PBM for ischemic stroke needs to be further explored and its mechanisms of action remain currently unclear. The aim of the present research was to identify a treatment protocol capable of inducing neuroprotection and to investigate the molecular mechanisms activated by a dual-wavelength near infrared (NIR) laser source in an organotypic hippocampal slice model of hypoxia/ischemia. Hippocampal slices were exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) for 30 min followed by NIR laser light (fluence 3.71, 7.42, or 14.84 J/cm2; wavelengths 808 nm and 905 nm) delivered immediately or 30 min or 60 min after OGD, in order to establish a therapeutic window. Neuronal injury was assessed by propidium iodide fluorescence 24 h later. Our results show that NIR laser irradiation attenuates OGD neurotoxicity once applied immediately or 30 min after OGD. Western blot analysis of proteins involved in neuroinflammation (iNOS, COX-2, NFkB subunit p65, and Bcl-2) and in glutamatergic-mediated synaptic activity (vGluT1, EAAT2, GluN1, and PSD95) showed that the protein modifications induced by OGD were reverted by NIR laser application. Moreover, CA1 confocal microscopy revealed that the profound morphological changes induced by OGD were reverted by NIR laser radiation. In conclusion, NIR laser radiation attenuates OGD neurotoxicity in organotypic hippocampal slices through attenuation of inflammatory mechanisms. These findings shed light on molecular definition of NIR neuroprotective mechanisms, thus underlining the potential benefit of this technique for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gerace
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cialdai
- ASAcampus Joint Laboratory, ASA Res. Div. - Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elettra Sereni
- ASAcampus Joint Laboratory, ASA Res. Div. - Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Lana
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Nosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Giovannini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Monici
- ASAcampus Joint Laboratory, ASA Res. Div. - Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Guido Mannaioni
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
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Yang L, Wu C, Tucker L, Dong Y, Li Y, Xu P, Zhang Q. Photobiomodulation Therapy Attenuates Anxious-Depressive-Like Behavior in the TgF344 Rat Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1415-1429. [PMID: 34219711 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxious-depressive-like behavior has been recognized as an early endophenotype in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies support early treatment of anxious-depressive-like behavior as a potential target to alleviate memory loss and reduce the risk of developing dementia. We hypothesize that photobiomodulation (PBM) could be an effective method to alleviate depression and anxiety at the early stage of AD pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE To analyze the effect of PBM treatment on anxious-depressive-like behavior at the early stage of AD. METHODS Using a novel transgenic AD rat model, animals were divided into wild-type, AD+sham PBM, and AD+PBM groups. Two-minute daily PBM (irradiance: 25 mW/cm2 and fluence: 3 J/cm2 at the cortical level) was applied transcranially to the brain of AD animals from 2 months of age to 10 months of age. After completing PBM treatment at 10 months of age, behavioral tests were performed to measure learning, memory, and anxious-depressive-like behavior. Neuronal apoptosis, neuronal degeneration, neuronal damage, mitochondrial function, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress were measured to test the effects of PBM on AD animals. RESULTS Behavioral tests showed that: 1) no spatial memory deficits were detected in TgF344 rats at 10 months of age; 2) PBM alleviated anxious-depressive-like behavior in TgF344 rats; 3) PBM attenuated neuronal damage, degeneration, and apoptosis; and 4) PBM suppresses neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Our findings support our hypothesis that PBM could be an effective method to alleviate depression and anxiety during the early stage of AD development. The mechanism underlying these beneficial effects may be due to the improvement of mitochondria function and integrity and the inhibition of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luodan Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lorelei Tucker
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Peisheng Xu
- Department of Discovery and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Yoon SR, Hong N, Lee MY, Ahn JC. Photobiomodulation with a 660-Nanometer Light-Emitting Diode Promotes Cell Proliferation in Astrocyte Culture. Cells 2021; 10:1664. [PMID: 34359834 PMCID: PMC8307591 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes act as neural stem cells (NSCs) that have the potential to self-renew and differentiate into other neuronal cells. The protein expression of these astrocytes depends on the stage of differentiation, showing sequential expression of multiple proteins such as octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), nestin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 (aldh1L1). Photobiomodulation (PBM) affects cell apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and adhesion. We hypothesized that astrocyte proliferation and differentiation would be modulated by PBM. We used an optimized astrocyte culture method and a 660-nanometer light-emitting diode (LED) to enhance the biological actions of many kinds of cells. We determined that the 660-nanometer LED promoted the biological actions of cultured astrocytes by increasing the reactive oxygen species levels. The overall viability of the cultured cells, which included various cells other than astrocytes, did not change after LED exposure; however, astrocyte-specific proliferation was observed by the increased co-expression of GFAP and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/Ki67. Furthermore, the 660-nanometer LED provides evidence of differentiation, as shown by the decreased Oct4 and GFAP co-expression and increased nestin and aldh1L1 expression. These results demonstrate that a 660-nanometer LED can modify astrocyte proliferation, which suggests the efficacy of the therapeutic application of LED in various pathological states of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ryeong Yoon
- Department of Medical Laser, Graduate School of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
- Medical Laser Research Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Namgue Hong
- Medical Laser Research Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Min-Young Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Ahn
- Department of Medical Laser, Graduate School of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
- Medical Laser Research Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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49
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Liu Q, Sorooshyari SK. Quantitative and Correlational Analysis of Brain and Spleen Immune Cellular Responses Following Cerebral Ischemia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:617032. [PMID: 34194419 PMCID: PMC8238006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.617032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a multiphasic process, and the initial ischemic phase of neuronal damage is followed by secondary innate and adaptive responses that unfold over days after stroke, offer a longer time frame of intervention, and represent a novel therapeutic target. Therefore, revealing the distinct functions of immune cells in both brain and periphery is important for identification of immunotherapeutic targets for stroke to extend the treatment time window. In this paper an examination of the cellular dynamics of the immune response in the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery provoked by cerebral ischemia is provided. New data is presented for the number of immune cells in brain and spleen of mice during the 7 days following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). A novel analysis of the correlation among various cell types in the brain and spleen following stroke is presented. It is found that the infiltrated macrophages in the ischemic hemisphere positively correlate with neutrophils which implies their synergic effect in migrating into the brain after stroke onset. It is noted that during infiltration of adaptive immune cells, the number of neutrophils correlate positively with T cells, which suggests neutrophils contribute to T cell infiltration in the stroked brain. Furthermore, the correlation among neurological deficit and various immune cells suggests that microglia and splenic adaptive immune cells (T and B cells) are protective while infiltrating peripheral myeloid cells (macrophage and neutrophils) worsen stroke outcome. Comprehension of such immune responses post cerebral ischemia is crucial for differentiating the drivers of outcomes and also predicting the stroke outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkun Liu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Siamak K. Sorooshyari
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Vogel DDS, Ortiz-Villatoro NN, Araújo NS, Marques MJG, Aimbire F, Scorza FA, Scorza CA, Albertini R. Transcranial low-level laser therapy in an in vivo model of stroke: Relevance to the brain infarct, microglia activation and neuroinflammation. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000500. [PMID: 33580734 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the main cause of death and functional disability. The available therapy affects only 5% of patients, and new therapeutic approaches have been constantly tested. Transcranial photobiomodulation (PBM) is promising for its neuroprotective effect on brain injuries. Thus, the present study investigated the PBM effects in an in vivo model of ischemic stroke induced by photothrombosis (PT). Five different groups of Wistar rats were submitted or not to a daily dose of fish oil or/and laser sessions for 2 months. The ischemia volume was evaluated by stereology; GFAP, Iba and NeuN by immunohistochemistry; TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β by ELISA assay. PBM influenced both the lesion volume and the GFAP. Furthermore, PBM and Ω-3 or both reduced Iba RNAm. PBM reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, brain damage, neuroinflammation and microglial activation, and it increased astroglial activity in peri-lesioned region after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora D S Vogel
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nancy N Ortiz-Villatoro
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Noemi S Araújo
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Jonathas Guimarães Marques
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio Aimbire
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Translacional, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fúlvio A Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla A Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regiane Albertini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência do Movimento Humano e Reabilitação, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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