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Fazel MF, Abu IF, Mohamad MHN, Mat Daud NA, Hasan AN, Aboo Bakkar Z, Md Khir MAN, Juliana N, Das S, Mohd Razali MR, Zainal Baharin NH, Ismail AA. Physicochemistry, Nutritional, and Therapeutic Potential of Ficus carica - A Promising Nutraceutical. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1947-1968. [PMID: 38831870 PMCID: PMC11146627 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s436446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In an era where synthetic supplements have raised concerns regarding their effects on human health, Ficus carica has emerged as a natural alternative rich in polyphenolic compounds with potent therapeutic properties. Various studies on F. carica focusing on the analysis and validation of its pharmacological and nutritional properties are emerging. This paper summarizes present data and information on the phytochemical, nutritional values, therapeutic potential, as well as the toxicity profile of F. carica. An extensive search was conducted from various databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A total of 126 studies and articles related to F. carica that were published between 1999 and 2023 were included in this review. Remarkably, F. carica exhibits a diverse array of advantageous effects, including, but not limited to, antioxidant, anti-neurodegenerative, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antiepileptic, anticonvulsant, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-angiogenic, antidiabetic, anti-cancer, and antimutagenic properties. Among the highlights include that antioxidants from F. carica were demonstrated to inhibit cholinesterase, potentially protecting neurons in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions. The antimicrobial activities of F. carica were attributed to its high flavonoids and terpenoids content, while its virucidal action through the inhibition of DNA and RNA replication was postulated due to its triterpenes content. Inflammatory and arthritic conditions may also benefit from its anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties through the modulation of various signalling proteins. Studies have also shown that F. carica extracts were generally safe and exhibit low toxicity profile, although more research in this aspect is required, specifically its effects on the skin. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of F. carica as a valuable natural therapeutic agent and dietary supplement. However, continued exploration on F. carica's safety and efficacy is still required prior to embarking on clinical trials, as its role in personalized nutrition and medication will open a new paradigm to improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fattah Fazel
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Izuddin Fahmy Abu
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Haiqal Nizar Mohamad
- Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah, Malacca, Malaysia
| | - Noor Arniwati Mat Daud
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Najib Hasan
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zainie Aboo Bakkar
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Alif Naim Md Khir
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norsham Juliana
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Zare N, Sedighi M, Jalili H, Zare H, Maftoon Azad N. Evaluation of fig-milk dessert bioactive properties as a potential functional food. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2692-2701. [PMID: 38628184 PMCID: PMC11016442 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The fig-milk dessert, a traditional and nutritionally rich treat infused with bioactive compounds, was subjected to a comprehensive analysis in this study. The novelty of this research lies in the investigation of the in vitro antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial potential of the fig-milk dessert. This was accomplished through the utilization of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, Annexin/propidium iodide staining, microtiter plate-based assay and agar well diffusion, respectively, for the first time. Additionally, the study assessed the total phenols and flavonoid content of the extract using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the aluminum chloride method, respectively. The findings revealed that the cooking method exerted a significant influence on the bioactive properties and nutritional composition of the dessert. Among the samples analyzed, CM1, consisting of figs steamed for 2 min and milk heated to 70°C, exhibited remarkable characteristics. This sample demonstrated the highest peptide concentration (1290 mg/L), superior antioxidant and anticancer activities, and favorable sensory attributes. Specifically, CM1 induced apoptosis in 84% of AGS cells and inhibited 68% of free radicals in the DPPH assay. It is noteworthy that the fig-milk dessert did not exhibit any antibacterial properties. These discerning results carry substantial implications for the development of functional dairy products endowed with both nutritional and potential therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Zare
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Mahsa Sedighi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of PharmacyBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
- Cellular and Molecular Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
| | - Hasan Jalili
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Hamid Zare
- Fig Research Station, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEOEstahbanIran
| | - Neda Maftoon Azad
- Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAgricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)ShirazIran
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Saghazadeh A. Exploring the pharmacological versatility of ficus carica: Modulating classical immunometabolism and beyond. Pharmacol Res 2023; 198:107010. [PMID: 37995897 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The burden of metabolic disorders is alarmingly increasing globally. On the other hand, sustainability is the key project of the 21st century. Natural products offer a coherent option for the complementary management of both these challenges. Ficus carica (FC), commonly known as the fig fruit, has an experimentally proven potency for the modulation of cell cycle, immunity, inflammation, metabolism, and oxidative stress. Here, we review the potential of FC-derived products (FCDP) in slowing down the progression of cancers, acute/chronic inflammation-related conditions, infections, metabolic disorders, toxicities, neurological and neuromuscular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, vascular diseases, and skin-stressing conditions, as well as, in boosting normal healthy functions of the endocrine, immune, metabolic, and nervous systems. It reveals a variety of cellular and molecular targets for FCDP: cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-γ), chemokines (CCL2), other inflammatory mediators (CRP, PGE2), immune receptors (TLR-2, TLR-4, FcεRI), oxidative stress-related markers (SOD, GSH, MDA, GPx, catalase, ROS, NO, protein carbonyls), kinases (MAPKs, hexokinase, G6Pase, FBPase, PEPCK, Akt, AMPK, GSK3, CDKs), other enzymes (COX-2, iNOS, MMPs, caspases), growth factors/receptors (VEGF, EGFR), hormones (DHEAS, prolactin, GnRH, FSH, LH, estradiol, DHT, insulin), cell death-related markers (Bcl-2, Bax, Bak, FasL, gasdermins, cytochrome C), glucose transporter protein (Glut4), and transcription factors (NF-κB, HNF-4α, Foxo, PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, CREB, NFATC1, STAT3). FCDP cause both activation and inhibition of AMPK, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling to confer condition-specific advantages. Such a broad-range activity might be attributed to different mechanisms of action of FCDP in modulating functions within the classical immunometabolic system, but also beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amene Saghazadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Sandhu AK, Islam M, Edirisinghe I, Burton-Freeman B. Phytochemical Composition and Health Benefits of Figs (Fresh and Dried): A Review of Literature from 2000 to 2022. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112623. [PMID: 37299587 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
With their rich history dating back 6000 years, figs are one of the oldest known plants to mankind and are a classical fruit in the Mediterranean diet. They possess a diverse array of bioactive components, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, and tocopherols, which have been used for centuries in traditional medicine for their health-promoting effects addressing gastrointestinal, respiratory, inflammatory, metabolic, and cardiovascular issues. This review summarizes the updated information on the phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity and other functional properties of fresh and dried figs cultivated in various parts of the world, highlighting variation in phenolic composition based on cultivar, harvesting time, maturity stage, processing, and fig parts. Additionally, the review delves into the bio-accessibility and bio-availability of bioactive components from figs and their potential influence on cardiovascular health, diabetes, obesity, and gut/digestive health. Data suggest that the intake of figs regularly in the diet, alone or with other dried fruits, increases select micronutrient intake and is associated with higher diet quality, respectively. Research in animal and human models of health and disease risk provide preliminary health benefits data on figs and their extracts from fig parts; however, additional well-controlled human studies, particularly using fig fruit, will be required to uncover and verify the potential impact of dietary intake of figs on modern day health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep K Sandhu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Maria Islam
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Indika Edirisinghe
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Britt Burton-Freeman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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Guo W, Chen M, Cui S, Tang X, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Mao B, Zhang H. Dynamics changes in physicochemical properties, volatile metabolites, non-volatile metabolites, and physiological functions of barley juice during Bifidobacterium infantis fermentation. Food Chem 2023; 407:135201. [PMID: 36525807 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to explore the potential of Bifidobacterium infantis fermentation to modify the composition and physiological properties of barley juices. B. infantis JFM12 showed a potent capability to decrease the total sugar contents from 0.39 ± 0.01 mg/mL to 0.35 ± 0.01 mg/mL within 24 h of fermentation. The volatile metabolite profiles were enriched after B. infantis JFM12 fermentation, leading to the changes of 13 aldehydes, 11 ketones, 10 acids, 7 alcohols, and 6 esters. A total of 98 key non-volatile metabolites were identified in the barley juice between before and after B. infantis JFM12 fermentation, including 80 non-volatile metabolites that were remarkably increased and 18 non-volatile metabolites that were remarkably reduced. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities and lipase inhibitory activities of fermented barley juice were higher than those of unfermented barley juice. Overall, B. infantis JFM12 was beneficial in increasing the quality of barley juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Minxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Morovati MR, Ghanbari-Movahed M, Barton EM, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A. A systematic review on potential anticancer activities of Ficus carica L. with focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154333. [PMID: 35952577 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many substances derived from nutritional or medicinal plants have been studied for their chemopreventive and antineoplastic properties. Among those studied, Ficus carica has shown to have a significant ability to inhibit tumor formation and development of cancer cells through modulating various signaling mechanisms and interaction including a large number of cell signaling molecules. PURPOSE The goal of this study is to provide a critical and complete evaluation of F. carica's anticancer capacity in various malignancies, as well as related molecular targets. METHODS Research was conducted electronically on scholarly scientific databases, including Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus. Published papers were analyzed and investigated using the keywords, Ficus carica, figs, cancer, malignancies and tumor based on established selection criteria. In this systematic review, 27 individual studies were considered. RESULTS Treatment with F. carica alone or in combination with other medications was linked to anticancer activity with significant evidence. Furthermore, F. carica has been shown to use multitargeted pathways to prevent cancer initiation and development by modulating numerous dysregulated signaling cascades involved in cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, autophagy inflammatory processes, metastasis, invasion, and angiogenesis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that F. carica and its phytochemicals have the potential for cancer prevention and therapy. Nonetheless, additional mechanistic studies with pure compounds derived from F. carica and well-designed clinical trials are needed to advance our knowledge to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Morovati
- Persian Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghanbari-Movahed
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6718874414, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht 4193833697, Iran
| | - Emily M Barton
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6718874414, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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Fig “Ficus carica L.” and its by-products: A decade evidence of their health-promoting benefits towards the development of novel food formulations. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abutaha N, Al-Keridis LA, Mohamed RAEH, AL-mekhlafi FA. Potency and selectivity indices of Myristica fragrans Houtt. mace chloroform extract against non-clinical and clinical human pathogens. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2021-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study assessed the antimicrobial, toxicity, and phytochemical profiles of Myristica fragrans extracts. Different solvent extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against clinical and reference microbial strains, using disc and well diffusion assays and microdilution techniques. Antioxidant potential was investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Cytotoxicity assay was conducted against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Acute toxicity was assessed in laboratory Swiss albino mice at a single dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. To assess the phytochemical constituents, spectrophotometric and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods were used. The chloroform extract revealed antimicrobial potencies against the Gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans with minimum inhibitory concentrations. In the DPPH assay, the IC50 value of the chloroform extract was determined to be 1.49 mg/mL. The phenolic and flavonoid contents were 26.64 ± 0.1 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g and 8.28 ± 0.1 mg quercetin equivalents/g, respectively. The IC50 value was determined to be 49 µg/mL against the HUVEC line. No mortality or morbidity was observed. GC-MS analysis indicated the presence of 2-cyclopenten-1-one (44.72%) as a major compound. The current results provide scientific support for the use of M. fragrans in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nael Abutaha
- Bioproducts Research Chair Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Ali El Hadi Mohamed
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
- Epidemiology Department, Scientific Researcher and Research Coordinator, Federal Ministry of Health , Khartoum , Sudan
| | - Fahd A. AL-mekhlafi
- Bioproducts Research Chair Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University , Dhamar , Yemen
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Villard C, Munakata R, Kitajima S, van Velzen R, Schranz ME, Larbat R, Hehn A. A new P450 involved in the furanocoumarin pathway underlies a recent case of convergent evolution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1923-1939. [PMID: 33978969 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Furanocoumarins are phytoalexins often cited as an example to illustrate the arms race between plants and herbivorous insects. They are distributed in a limited number of phylogenetically distant plant lineages, but synthesized through a similar pathway, which raised the question of a unique or multiple emergence in higher plants. The furanocoumarin pathway was investigated in the fig tree (Ficus carica, Moraceae). Transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches led to the identification of CYP76F112, a cytochrome P450 catalyzing an original reaction. CYP76F112 emergence was inquired using phylogenetics combined with in silico modeling and site-directed mutagenesis. CYP76F112 was found to convert demethylsuberosin into marmesin with a very high affinity. This atypical cyclization reaction represents a key step within the polyphenol biosynthesis pathway. CYP76F112 evolutionary patterns suggests that the marmesin synthase activity appeared recently in the Moraceae family, through a lineage-specific expansion and diversification. The characterization of CYP76F112 as the first known marmesin synthase opens new prospects for the use of the furanocoumarin pathway. It also supports the multiple acquisition of furanocoumarin in angiosperms by convergent evolution, and opens new perspectives regarding the ability of cytochromes P450 to evolve new functions related to plant adaptation to their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé Villard
- LAE, Université de Lorraine-INRAE, Nancy, 54000, France
| | - Ryosuke Munakata
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Sakihito Kitajima
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Robin van Velzen
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Romain Larbat
- LAE, Université de Lorraine-INRAE, Nancy, 54000, France
| | - Alain Hehn
- LAE, Université de Lorraine-INRAE, Nancy, 54000, France
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Salehi B, Prakash Mishra A, Nigam M, Karazhan N, Shukla I, Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz A, Sawicka B, Głowacka A, Abu-Darwish MS, Hussein Tarawneh A, Gadetskaya AV, Cabral C, Salgueiro L, Victoriano M, Martorell M, Docea AO, Abdolshahi A, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. Ficus plants: State of the art from a phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological perspective. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1187-1217. [PMID: 33025667 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ficus genus is typically tropical plants and is among the earliest fruit trees cultivated by humans. Ficus carica L. is the common fig, Ficus benjamina L. is the weeping fig, and Ficus pumila L. is the creeping fig. These species are commonly used in traditional medicine for a wide range of diseases and contain rich secondary metabolites that have shown diverse applications. This comprehensive review describes for Ficus genus the phytochemical compounds, traditional uses and contemporary pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiulcer, and anticonvulsant. An extended survey of the current literature (Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed) has been carried out as part of the current work. The trends in the phytochemistry, pharmacological mechanisms and activities of Ficus genus are overviewed in this manuscript: antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, antiseizure and anti-Parkinson's diseases, cytotoxic and antioxidant. Health-promoting effects, recent human clinical studies, safety and adverse effects of Ficus plants also are covered. The medical potential and long-term pharmacotherapeutic use of the genus Ficus along with no serious reported adverse events, suggests that it can be considered as being safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Garhwal, India
| | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Garhwal, India
| | - Natallia Karazhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty of the EE VSMU, Vitebsk, Belarus
| | - Ila Shukla
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Anna Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodity Science, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Sawicka
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodity Science, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Głowacka
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodity Science, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mohammad Sanad Abu-Darwish
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba, Jordan.,Departments of Basic and Applied Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Amer Hussein Tarawneh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Tafila Technical University, Tafila, Jordan
| | - Anastassiya V Gadetskaya
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Célia Cabral
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine; CNC.IBILI Consortium & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Montserrat Victoriano
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.,Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción UDT, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Anna Abdolshahi
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
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Tomsone L, Galoburda R, Kruma Z, Durrieu V, Cinkmanis I. Microencapsulation of Horseradish ( Armoracia rusticana L.) Juice Using Spray-Drying. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091332. [PMID: 32967355 PMCID: PMC7555022 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Horseradish contains many bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of various wall materials and their ratios on the physical properties and bioactive-compound retention and stability in microencapsulated horseradish leaf and root juices. Horseradish juice was microencapsulated using maltodextrin, maltodextrin/gum Arabic, soy protein isolate, and starch with three different core-to-wall ratios. The total phenolic, total flavonoid, total flavan-3-ol, and total phenolic-acid contents, as well as antioxidant activity, were determined using spectrophotometric methods, whereas individual phenol profiles were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Multivariate analysis of variance showed that plant material, wall material, and core-to-wall ratio had a significant effect on the bioactive-compound retention and antioxidant-activity preservation. Microcapsules produced from horseradish leaf juice had a significantly higher content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity compared to root-juice microcapsules. However, better retention was observed for microencapsulated horseradish root juice. Maltodextrin and maltodextrin/gum Arabic were the most effective wall materials for the retention of bioactive compounds, while they also had a smaller particle size and better solubility. The horseradish-juice microcapsules possess a high content of rutin. The highest stability of bioactive compounds after storage was found at a core-to-wall ratio of 20:80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lolita Tomsone
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Rigas Street 22, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia; (R.G.); (Z.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +371-26474255
| | - Ruta Galoburda
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Rigas Street 22, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia; (R.G.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zanda Kruma
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Rigas Street 22, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia; (R.G.); (Z.K.)
| | - Vanessa Durrieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle, LCA, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, F-31030 Toulouse, France;
| | - Ingmars Cinkmanis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Technology, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Rigas Street 22, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia;
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Naz R, Roberts TH, Bano A, Nosheen A, Yasmin H, Hassan MN, Keyani R, Ullah S, Khan W, Anwar Z. GC-MS analysis, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antilipoxygenase and cytotoxic activities of Jacaranda mimosifolia methanol leaf extracts and fractions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236319. [PMID: 32726328 PMCID: PMC7390342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Jacaranda mimosifolia trees are grown in frost-free regions globally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the methanol crude extract and various fractions of increasing polarity of J. mimosifolia leaves for bioactive metabolites, as well as antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities. The anti-inflammatory potential of the various fractions of J. mimosifolia leaf extract was studied via the lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory assay. Methanol crude extract (ME), derived fractions extracted with chloroform (CF) and ethyl acetate (EAF), and residual aqueous extract (AE) of dried J. mimosifolia leaves were assayed for polyphenolic compounds, their antioxidant, antimicrobial and lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory activities, and anticancer properties. Polyphenolic compounds were determined via HPLC while phytochemicals (total phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and ortho-diphenol contents), antioxidant activities (DPPH, hydrogen peroxideperoxide, hydroxyl and superoxide radical anions) and LOX were measured via spectrophotometry. Methanol extracts and various fractions were evaluated for antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Antifungal potential of the fractions was tested against three species: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium oxysporum. The highest values for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), flavonols, tannins and ortho-diphenols were in the ME, followed by CF > EAF > AE. ME also had the highest antioxidant activity with EC50 values 48±1.3, 45±2.4, 42±1.3 and 46±1.3 μg/mL based on the DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical assays, respectively. TPC and TFC showed a significant, strong and positive correlation with the values for each of these antioxidant activities. ME exhibited anti-inflammatory potential based on its LOX inhibitory activity (IC50 = 1.3 μg/mL). ME also had the maximum antibacterial and antifungal potential, followed by EAF > CF > AE. Furthermore, ME showed the strongest cytotoxic effect (EC50 = 10.7 and 17.3 μg/mL) against human hormone-dependent prostate carcinoma (LnCaP) and human lung carcinoma (LU-1) cell lines, respectively. Bioactive compounds present in leaf methanol extracts of J. mimosifolia were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Fifteen compounds were identified including phenolic and alcoholic compounds, as well as fatty acids. Our results suggest that J. mimosifolia leaves are a good source of natural products with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties for potential therapeutic, nutraceutical and functional food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Naz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas H. Roberts
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Asghari Bano
- Department of Biosciences, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| | - Asia Nosheen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Yasmin
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rumana Keyani
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Wajiha Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbotabad Campus, Abbotabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Anwar
- Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan
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Tomsone L, Galoburda R, Kruma Z, Cinkmanis I. Characterization of dried horseradish leaves pomace: phenolic compounds profile and antioxidant capacity, content of organic acids, pigments and volatile compounds. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHorseradish (Armoracia rusticana) leaves pomace, which contains high-value bioactive compounds, is the product resulting from pressing horseradish leaves for juice production. The aim of the current research was to investigate the effect of convective, microwave-vacuum and freeze-drying on the content of bioactive compounds in horseradish leaves pomace. Convective hot air-drying was performed at 40, 60 and 80 °C. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total flavan-3-ol content, total phenolic acid content, total flavonol content, chlorophylls and total carotenoids, and antioxidant activity were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Individual profiles of phenols and organic acids are estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), but volatile compounds are estimated by gas chromatography (GC). Totally, 14 individual phenolic compounds, 8 organic acids, and 49 volatile compounds were analysed in the studied samples. The main phenolic compound identified in horseradish leaves pomace was rutin (3231 mg/100 g DW), among organic acids—quinic and malic acids, and volatile compounds—allyl isothiocyanate, 3-butenenitrile and benzyl alcohol. In the drying process, the content of some (total flavan-3-ols, total carotenoids content) compounds increased, but others (TPC, total organic acids content) decreased, and it was drying method-dependent. Freeze-drying caused the reduction of TPC by 29%, whereas convective drying by 53–59%. Fresh pomace contains such isothiocyanates as allyl isothiocyanate and butyl isothiocyanate, which were completely lost in the drying process. Freeze-drying allowed the best retention of various phenolic and volatile compounds in horseradish leaves pomace.
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Mahendra CK, Tan LTH, Lee WL, Yap WH, Pusparajah P, Low LE, Tang SY, Chan KG, Lee LH, Goh BH. Angelicin-A Furocoumarin Compound With Vast Biological Potential. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:366. [PMID: 32372949 PMCID: PMC7176996 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelicin, a member of the furocoumarin group, is related to psoralen which is well known for its effectiveness in phototherapy. The furocoumarins as a group have been studied since the 1950s but only recently has angelicin begun to come into its own as the subject of several biological studies. Angelicin has demonstrated anti-cancer properties against multiple cell lines, exerting effects via both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, and also demonstrated an ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization to a higher degree than psoralen. Besides that, angelicin too demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in inflammatory-related respiratory and neurodegenerative ailments via the activation of NF-κB pathway. Angelicin also showed pro-osteogenesis and pro-chondrogenic effects on osteoblasts and pre-chondrocytes respectively. The elevated expression of pro-osteogenic and chondrogenic markers and activation of TGF-β/BMP, Wnt/β-catenin pathway confirms the positive effect of angelicin bone remodeling. Angelicin also increased the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in osteogenesis. Other bioactivities, such as anti-viral and erythroid differentiating properties of angelicin, were also reported by several researchers with the latter even displaying an even greater aptitude as compared to the commonly prescribed drug, hydroxyurea, which is currently on the market. Apart from that, recently, a new application for angelicin against periodontitis had been studied, where reduction of bone loss was indirectly caused by its anti-microbial properties. All in all, angelicin appears to be a promising compound for further studies especially on its mechanism and application in therapies for a multitude of common and debilitating ailments such as sickle cell anaemia, osteoporosis, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Future research on the drug delivery of angelicin in cancer, inflammation and erythroid differentiation models would aid in improving the bioproperties of angelicin and efficacy of delivery to the targeted site. More in-depth studies of angelicin on bone remodeling, the pro-osteogenic effect of angelicin in various bone disease models and the anti-viral implications of angelicin in periodontitis should be researched. Finally, studies on the binding of angelicin toward regulatory genes, transcription factors, and receptors can be done through experimental research supplemented with molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Keisha Mahendra
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Loh Teng Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai Leng Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Wei Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Medical Health and Translational Research Group, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Liang Ee Low
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siah Ying Tang
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Kok Gan Chan
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Learn Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Health and Well-Being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Patel MK, Mishra A, Jaiswar S, Jha B. Metabolic profiling and scavenging activities of developing circumscissile fruit of psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk.) reveal variation in primary and secondary metabolites. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:116. [PMID: 32171251 PMCID: PMC7071626 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing fruit is considered as an excellent model to study the complex network of metabolites which are altered rapidly during development. RESULTS Metabolomics revealed that developing psyllium fruit is a rich source of primary metabolites (ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids and amino-acids), secondary metabolites and natural antioxidants. Eidonomy and anatomy confirmed that psyllium fruit followed five stages of development. Total lipids and fatty acids were synthesized differentially; saturated fatty acids (FAs) increased, whereas total polyunsaturated FAs decreased with increasing developmental stage. The unsaturation index and degree of unsaturation showed a catenary curve. Principal component analysis confirmed a significant shift in the FA profile from bud initiation to the maturation stage. Similarly, a similar level of total amino acids was present at different developmental stage following a temporal biosynthesis pathway. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents decreased in tandem with fruit development. Twenty-two different metabolites were identified, and metabolic changes were also observed during fruit development. Six metabolites were detected exclusively in the flowering stage, whereas two were detected in each of early and maturity stages of development. The metabolites apigenin and kaempferol were detected ubiquitously in all developmental stages. Time-dependent metabolomics revealed a shift in metabolite biosynthesis. CONCLUSION During fruit development, metabolites, FAs, amino acids, total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidants and scavenging activities changed progressively and were co-ordinately linked to each other. As a future perspective, further studies will focus on the validation of identified metabolites, which integrated with transcriptomics data and will reveal the metabolic regulatory network of development psyllium fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Patel
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002 India
- Present address: Department of Postharvest Science, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Volcani Center, Agriculture Research Organization, HaMaccabim Road 68, 7505101 Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Avinash Mishra
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002 India
| | - Santlal Jaiswar
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002 India
| | - Bhavanath Jha
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002 India
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Nutritional, chemical and bioactive profiles of different parts of a Portuguese common fig (Ficus carica L.) variety. Food Res Int 2019; 126:108572. [PMID: 31732029 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to give an unprecedented contribution on the chemical composition and bioactivities of the most produced and appreciated Portuguese fig variety ("Pingo de Mel") with the view of expanding the knowledge on its potentialities. An advanced characterization of its peel and pulp parts was carried out. Four free sugars (glucose, fructose, trehalose and sucrose), 5 organic acids (oxalic, quinic, malic, citric, and succinic acids), tocopherols in all their 4 forms, besides 23 fatty acids were detected in the samples. Fifteen different phenolic components were found in the peel hydroethanolic extract; whereas 12 were detected in the pulp hydroethanolic extract. Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) was the major constituent of the peel, accounting for 33.8% of its phenolic content, followed by 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid and vanillic acid malonyl di-deoxyhexoside. Caffeic acid derivatives, such as caffeic acid hexosides, were the major components of pulp, followed by vanillic acid derivatives and O-caffeoylquinic acid. Both extracts displayed promising antioxidant capacities in all methods used, namely the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging, the reducing power, the inhibition of β-carotene bleaching assays, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay and the oxidative haemolysis inhibition assay; however, the peel presented significantly lower IC50 values than pulp. The extracts showed practically identical antibacterial capacities, being effective against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MICs = 2.5 mg/mL), besides methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Escherichia coli and Morganella morganii (MICs = 5 mg/mL). The obtained results evidence that the fig peel is superior to the corresponding pulp as it relates to nutritional and phenolic profiles as well as bioactivities, endorsing the urgency in valorising and exploiting this usually discarded industrial by-product.
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Abdel-Aty AM, Hamed MB, Salama WH, Ali MM, Fahmy AS, Mohamed SA. Ficus carica, Ficus sycomorus and Euphorbia tirucalli latex extracts: Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Villard C, Larbat R, Munakata R, Hehn A. Defence mechanisms of Ficus: pyramiding strategies to cope with pests and pathogens. PLANTA 2019; 249:617-633. [PMID: 30689053 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ficus species have adapted to diverse environments and pests by developing physical or chemical protection strategies. Physical defences are based on the accumulation of minerals such as calcium oxalate crystals, amorphous calcium carbonates and silica that lead to tougher plants. Additional cellular structures such as non-glandular trichomes or laticifer cells make the leaves rougher or sticky upon injury. Ficus have also established structures that are able to produce specialized metabolites (alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolics) or proteins (proteases, protease inhibitors, oxidases, and chitinases) that are toxic to predators. All these defence mechanisms are distributed throughout the plant and can differ depending on the genotype, the stage of development or the environment. In this review, we present an overview of these strategies and discuss how these complementary mechanisms enable effective and flexible adaptation to numerous hostile environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé Villard
- UMR1121, Université de Lorraine-INRA Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement ENSAIA, 2 Avenue Forêt de Haye, 54518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Romain Larbat
- UMR1121, Université de Lorraine-INRA Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement ENSAIA, 2 Avenue Forêt de Haye, 54518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Ryosuke Munakata
- UMR1121, Université de Lorraine-INRA Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement ENSAIA, 2 Avenue Forêt de Haye, 54518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Alain Hehn
- UMR1121, Université de Lorraine-INRA Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement ENSAIA, 2 Avenue Forêt de Haye, 54518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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Kregiel D, Pawlikowska E, Antolak H. Urtica spp.: Ordinary Plants with Extraordinary Properties. Molecules 2018; 23:E1664. [PMID: 29987208 PMCID: PMC6100552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nettles (genus Urtica, family Urticaceae) are of considerable interest as preservatives in foods for both human and animal consumption. They have also been used for centuries in traditional medicine. This paper reviews the properties of nettles that make them suitable for wider applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Nettles contain a significant number of biologically-active compounds. For example, the leaves are rich sources of terpenoids, carotenoids and fatty acids, as well as of various essential amino acids, chlorophyll, vitamins, tannins, carbohydrates, sterols, polysaccharides, isolectins and minerals. Extracts from the aerial parts of nettles are rich sources of polyphenols, while the roots contain oleanol acid, sterols and steryl glycosides. Due to the variety of phytochemicals and their proportions they contain, nettles show noticeable activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These properties make nettles suitable for a range of possible applications, including functional food, dietary supplements and pharmacological formulations. Despite these benefits, the nettle is still an underestimated plant source. This paper provides a unique overview of the latest research on nettle plants focusing on the possibilities for transforming a common weed into a commercial plant with a wide range of applications. Special attention is paid to the antimicrobial activity of the active compounds in nettles and to possible uses of these valuable plants in food and feed formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kregiel
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, 171/173 Wolczanska, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Pawlikowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, 171/173 Wolczanska, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Hubert Antolak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, 171/173 Wolczanska, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
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Paz WHP, de Almeida RA, Braga NA, da Silva FMA, Acho LDR, Lima ES, Boleti APA, Dos Santos EL, Angolini CFF, Bataglion GA, Koolen HHF. Remela de cachorro (Clavija lancifolia Desf.) fruits from South Amazon: Phenolic composition, biological potential, and aroma analysis. Food Res Int 2018; 109:112-119. [PMID: 29803432 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Remela de cachorro (Clavija lancifolia Desf.) is an Amazonian native fruit consumed specially in the Purus microregion. Because of its rarity, restricted consumption, and the lack of knowledge about its chemical composition, remela de cachorro fruit was studied in relation to its phenolic and aroma constitution. Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), 11 compounds (flavonoids and its glucosides along with organic acids) were tentatively identified by fragmentation patterns. A previously validated method was applied to quantify common antioxidant compounds in the raw pulps, for which kaempferol was the main compound. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was employed to assess the aroma composition of remela de cachorro fruit. A total of 27 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified for this fruit, for which benzaldehyde and linalool were the main VOCs. Furthermore, biological activities, such as antioxidant capacity (ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC methods), cytotoxicity, and α-glucosidase and lipase inhibitions of the hydroalcoholic extract of remela de cachorro fruit were evaluated. In vitro biological assays revealed the potential of this fruit as a bioactive food that should be further studied and explored in Amazonian products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weider H P Paz
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Amazonas State University - UEA, 690065-130 Manaus, AM, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, 69080-900 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Richardson A de Almeida
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, 69080-900 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Neila A Braga
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, 69080-900 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Felipe M A da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, 69080-900 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Leonard D R Acho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, 69077-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Emerson S Lima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, 69077-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula A Boleti
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD, 79825-900 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Edson L Dos Santos
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD, 79825-900 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Célio F F Angolini
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana A Bataglion
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, 69080-900 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Hector H F Koolen
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Amazonas State University - UEA, 690065-130 Manaus, AM, Brazil.
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Rahman MJ, Ambigaipalan P, Shahidi F. Biological Activities of Camelina and Sophia Seeds Phenolics: Inhibition of LDL Oxidation, DNA Damage, and Pancreatic Lipase and α-Glucosidase Activities. J Food Sci 2017; 83:237-245. [PMID: 29278656 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The free, esterified and insoluble-bound phenolics of defatted meals of camelina and sophia seeds were extracted using an ultrasonic-assisted procedure and alkaline hydrolysis. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated using DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays as well as inhibition of bleaching of β-carotene in an oil-in-water system. Moreover, inhibition activity against pancreatic lipase, α-glucosidase, low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and DNA damage induced by peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals were examined for all seed extracts using in vitro systems. The seed extracts of camelina and sophia not only showed significant antioxidant activity but also inhibited pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase activities effectively. These enzymes in the digestive tract are associated with lipid and carbohydrate digestion, respectively, and control obesity and blood glucose level in the human body. The findings of this work may provide supporting information that camelina and sophia meals may inhibit human LDL oxidation and DNA nicking caused by free radicals and upon consumption may also exert anti-obesity and antidiabetic effects. However, further research is required to confirm these biological activities in vivo. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The seed phenolic extracts of camelina and sophia not only showed significant antioxidant activity but also effectively inhibited the activities of pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase. Thus, camelina and sophia seed meals may serve as nutritional ingredients with bioactive phenolics that show in vitro antioxidant and biological effects. However, further research is required to confirm these health effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jiaur Rahman
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9
| | | | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9
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22
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de Freitas FA, Araújo RC, Soares ER, Nunomura RCS, da Silva FMA, da Silva SRS, de Souza AQL, de Souza ADL, Franco-Montalbán F, Acho LDR, Lima ES, Bataglion GA, Koolen HHF. Biological evaluation and quantitative analysis of antioxidant compounds in pulps of the Amazonian fruits bacuri (Platonia insignisMart.), ingá (Inga edulisMart.), and uchi (Sacoglottis uchiHuber) by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flávio A. de Freitas
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Research Group; Amazonas State University, UEA 69050-010; Manaus Amazonas Brazil
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Amazonas, UFAM 69077-000; Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - Rafael C. Araújo
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Amazonas, UFAM 69077-000; Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - Elzalina R. Soares
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Amazonas, UFAM 69077-000; Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - Rita C. S. Nunomura
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Amazonas, UFAM 69077-000; Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - Felipe M. A. da Silva
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Research Group; Amazonas State University, UEA 69050-010; Manaus Amazonas Brazil
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Amazonas, UFAM 69077-000; Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - Sarah R. S. da Silva
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences; Federal University of Amazonas, UFAM 69077-000; Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - Antonia Q. L. de Souza
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences; Federal University of Amazonas, UFAM 69077-000; Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - Afonso D. L. de Souza
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Amazonas, UFAM 69077-000; Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - Francisco Franco-Montalbán
- Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Granada, UGR 18071; Granada Spain
| | - Leonard D. R. Acho
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Federal University of Amazonas, UFAM 69077-000; Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - Emerson S. Lima
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Federal University of Amazonas, UFAM 69077-000; Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - Giovana A. Bataglion
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Amazonas, UFAM 69077-000; Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - Hector H. F. Koolen
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Research Group; Amazonas State University, UEA 69050-010; Manaus Amazonas Brazil
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Rahman MJ, de Camargo AC, Shahidi F. Phenolic and polyphenolic profiles of chia seeds and their in vitro biological activities. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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24
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Jiang JS, Cheng M, Zhang X, Wu ZF, Weng PF. Effects of (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O
-(3-O
-methyl) gallate (EGCG3″Me)- phospholipids complex on pancreatic α-amylase and lipase activities. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shu Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 P. R. China
| | - Mei Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 P. R. China
| | - Zu-Fang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 P. R. China
| | - Pei-Fang Weng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 P. R. China
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25
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de Camargo AC, Regitano-d’Arce MAB, Shahidi F. Phenolic Profile of Peanut By-products: Antioxidant Potential and Inhibition of Alpha-Glucosidase and Lipase Activities. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-017-2996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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Marrelli M, Menichini F, Conforti F. Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Properties of Hot Pepper Flower (Capsicum annuum L.). PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 71:301-306. [PMID: 27372805 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
At present, the various medical treatments of obesity involve side effects. The aim of the research is therefore to find natural compounds that have anti-obesity activity with minimum disadvantages. In this study, the hypolipidemic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of flowers from Capsicum annuum L. was examined through the evaluation of inhibition of pancreatic lipase. Antioxidant activity was assessed using different tests: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (˙NO) and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. Phytochemical analysis indicated that total phenolic and flavonoid content in the extract was 128.7 ± 4.5 mg chlorogenic acid equivalent/g of crude extract and 17.66 ± 0.11 mg of quercetin equivalent/g of crude extract, respectively. The extract inhibited pancreatic lipase with IC50 value equal to 3.54 ± 0.18 mg/ml. It also inhibited lipid peroxidation with IC50 value of 27.61 ± 2.25 μg/ml after 30 min of incubation and 41.69 ± 1.13 μg/ml after 60 min of incubation. The IC50 value of radical scavenging activity was 51.90 ± 2.03 μg/ml. The extract was also able to inhibit NO production (IC50 = of 264.3 ± 7.98 μg/ml) without showing any cytotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-8736, Rende, (CS), Italy
| | - Francesco Menichini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-8736, Rende, (CS), Italy
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-8736, Rende, (CS), Italy.
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27
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Ambigaipalan P, de Camargo AC, Shahidi F. Phenolic Compounds of Pomegranate Byproducts (Outer Skin, Mesocarp, Divider Membrane) and Their Antioxidant Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6584-604. [PMID: 27509218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate peel was separated into outer leathery skin (PS), mesocarp (PM), and divider membrane (PD), and its phenolic compounds were extracted as free (F), esterified (E), and insoluble-bound (B) forms for the first time. The total phenolic content followed the order PD > PM > PS. ABTS(•+), DPPH, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and metal chelation were evaluated. In addition, pomegranate peel extracts showed inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase activity, lipase activity, and cupric ion-induced LDL-cholesterol oxidation as well as peroxyl and hydroxyl radical-induced DNA scission. Seventy-nine phenolic compounds were identified using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) mainly in the form of insoluble-bound. Thirty compounds were identified for the first time. Gallic acid was the major phenolic compound in pomegranate peel, whereas kaempferol 3-O-glucoside was the major flavonoid. Moreover, ellagic acid and monogalloyl-hexoside were the major hydrolyzable tannins, whereas the dominant proanthocyanidin was procyanidin dimers. Proanthocyanidins were detected for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyatharini Ambigaipalan
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X9
| | - Adriano Costa de Camargo
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X9
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food & Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo , Av. Pádua Dias 11, P.O. Box 9, CEP 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X9
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28
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Sheikh BY. The role of prophetic medicine in the management of diabetes mellitus: A review of literature. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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29
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de Camargo AC, Regitano-d'Arce MAB, Biasoto ACT, Shahidi F. Enzyme-assisted extraction of phenolics from winemaking by-products: Antioxidant potential and inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and lipase activities. Food Chem 2016; 212:395-402. [PMID: 27374548 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Phenolics in food and agricultural processing by-products exist in the soluble and insoluble-bound forms. The ability of selected enzymes in improving the extraction of insoluble-bound phenolics from the starting material (experiment I) or the residues containing insoluble-bound phenolics (experiment II) were evaluated. Pronase and Viscozyme improved the extraction of insoluble-bound phenolics as evaluated by total phenolic content, antioxidant potential as determined by ABTS and DPPH assays, and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, reducing power as well as evaluation of inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and lipase activities. Viscozyme released higher amounts of gallic acid, catechin, and prodelphinidin dimer A compared to Pronase treatment. Furthermore, p-coumaric and caffeic acids, as well as procyanidin dimer B, were extracted with Viscozyme but not with Pronase treatment. Solubility plays an important role in the bioavailability of phenolic compounds, hence this study may assist in better exploitation of phenolics from winemaking by-products as functional food ingredients and/or supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Costa de Camargo
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada; Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food & Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, P.O. Box 9, CEP 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa Aparecida Bismara Regitano-d'Arce
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food & Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, P.O. Box 9, CEP 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
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30
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Marrelli M, Cristaldi B, Menichini F, Conforti F. Inhibitory effects of wild dietary plants on lipid peroxidation and on the proliferation of human cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86:16-24. [PMID: 26408343 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen hydroalcoholic extracts of edible plants from Southern Italy were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activity on three human cancer cell lines: breast cancer MCF-7, hepatic cancer HepG2 and colorectal cancer LoVo. After 48 h of incubation the most antiproliferative plant extract was rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) on LoVo cell line with IC50 of 16.60 µg/ml. Oregano (Origanum vulgare L. subsp. viridulum) showed a selective antiproliferative activity on hepatic cancer with IC50 of 32.59 µg/ml. All the extracts, with the exception of Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC., exerted antioxidant properties, the most active plants being dewberry (Rubus caesius L.) and "laprista" (Rumex conglomerates Murray) with IC50 of 4.91 and 5.53 µg/ml, respectively. Rumex conglomeratus contained the highest amount of flavonoids (15.5 mg/g) followed by Portulaca oleracea L. (11.8 mg/g). Rosmarinus officinalis contained the highest number of terpenes. Among them ketoursene (14.7%) and aristolone (11.3%) were found to be the major constituents. P. oleracea and Raphanus raphanistrum L. subsp. landra contained the highest number of sterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Brigida Cristaldi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Francesco Menichini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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Mnari AB, Harzallah A, Amri Z, Dhaou Aguir S, Hammami M. Phytochemical Content, Antioxidant Properties, and Phenolic Profile of Tunisian Raisin Varieties (Vitis ViniferaL.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1038720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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32
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Ameri A, Heydarirad G, Mahdavi Jafari J, Ghobadi A, Rezaeizadeh H, Choopani R. Medicinal plants contain mucilage used in traditional Persian medicine (TPM). PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:615-623. [PMID: 25489641 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.928330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Conventional therapies using mucilage plants greatly used by practitioners in Iran. The usage of mucilages is rooted in traditional knowledge with a history of more than 4000 years. Scientific assessment of these historical documents could be valuable for finding new potential usage in the current medicine. OBJECTIVE This study assembled an inventory of mucilage plants considered important therapeutic aids for alleviating the ailments in ancient Persian medicine and compared therapeutic applications of ancient times with current findings of medicinal mucilages in the same plant species. METHODS A literature search compiled some main traditional manuscripts of Persian medicine, including the book of AlHavi, Canon of Medicine, Zakhireh-iKharazmshahi, Qarabadine-kabir, Tohfat ol Moemenin, and Makhzan-ol-advieh, and select mucilage plants used in treating the mouth and respiratory system disorders. Also, current investigations on related subjects were considered through a search of the Pub Med and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS In Iran, the application of medicinal plants contains mucilage date back to ancient times. In mentioned medieval Persian books, 20 medicinal plants containing mucilage were identified. Mucilages have been traditionally used via oral or topical routes for a variety of disorders. According to this study, most of the cited medicinal plant species were used for their mucilaginous, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects. CONCLUSIONS A scientific evaluation of these historical documents can give an insight into the ideas of the past and be valuable in finding new data on clinical use of the mucilages that should lead to future opportunities to investigate their potential medicinal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ameri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Ammar S, Contreras MDM, Belguith-Hadrich O, Bouaziz M, Segura-Carretero A. New insights into the qualitative phenolic profile of Ficus carica L. fruits and leaves from Tunisia using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and their antioxidant activity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16746e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RP-UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS gives new insights into the fig phenolic constituents that correlate with their antioxidant potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonda Ammar
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF)
- Granada
- Spain
- Laboratoire d'Électrochimie et Environnement
- École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax
| | - María del Mar Contreras
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF)
- Granada
- Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
| | - Olfa Belguith-Hadrich
- Laboratoire d'Électrochimie et Environnement
- École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax
- Université de Sfax
- Tunisia,
| | - Mohamed Bouaziz
- Laboratoire d'Électrochimie et Environnement
- École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax
- Université de Sfax
- Tunisia,
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF)
- Granada
- Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
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Ammar S, del Mar Contreras M, Belguith-Hadrich O, Segura-Carretero A, Bouaziz M. Assessment of the distribution of phenolic compounds and contribution to the antioxidant activity in Tunisian fig leaves, fruits, skins and pulps using mass spectrometry-based analysis. Food Funct 2015; 6:3663-77. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The qualitative and quantitative phenolic composition explains the differences in the antioxidant activity of fig leaves, fruits, pulps, and skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonda Ammar
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF)
- Bioregión Building
- Health Science Technological Park
- Granada
- Spain
| | - María del Mar Contreras
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF)
- Bioregión Building
- Health Science Technological Park
- Granada
- Spain
| | - Olfa Belguith-Hadrich
- Laboratoire d’Électrochimie et Environnement
- École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax BP “1173” 3038
- Université de Sfax
- Tunisia
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF)
- Bioregión Building
- Health Science Technological Park
- Granada
- Spain
| | - Mohamed Bouaziz
- Laboratoire d’Électrochimie et Environnement
- École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax BP “1173” 3038
- Université de Sfax
- Tunisia
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35
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Luz RF, Vieira IJC, Braz-Filho R, Moreira VF. <sup>13</sup>C-NMR Data from Coumarins from Moraceae Family. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2015.611081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Loizzo MR, Bonesi M, Pugliese A, Menichini F, Tundis R. Chemical composition and bioactivity of dried fruits and honey of Ficus carica cultivars Dottato, San Francesco and Citrullara. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:2179-2186. [PMID: 24338976 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to evaluate, for the first time, the chemical profile, antioxidant properties and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of dried fruits and honey of Ficus carica (fig) cultivars Dottato, Citrullara, and San Francesco. RESULTS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of fig extracts identified terpenes, sterols and fatty acids as major constituents. The aroma profile of honey obtained from a mixture of the three cultivars was investigated by solid-phase micro-extraction/GC-MS. 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one and 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone were the main compounds. Total phenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin content are also reported. The San Francesco cultivar is characterised by the highest phenol and flavonoid content, while Dottato showed the major anthocyanin content. The Dottato cultivar exhibited the best radical scavenging activity against both 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (IC50 values of 5.4 and 22.6 µg mL(-1) , respectively). This cultivar also showed the highest inhibitory activity against both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, with IC50 values of 26.9 and 31.8 µg mL(-1) , respectively. CONCLUSION Dried figs are a convenient source of bioactive compounds that demonstrated potential neuroprotection and antioxidant effects. Therefore, the addition of figs to the human diet should be recommended by dieticians and nutritionists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87030, Rende, (CS), Italy
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Marrelli M, Conforti F, Toniolo C, Nicoletti M, Statti G, Menichini F. Hypericum perforatum: Influences of the habitat on chemical composition, photo-induced cytotoxicity, and antiradical activity. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:909-18. [PMID: 24920234 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.872675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypericin, isolated from Hypericum perforatum L. and about another 300 Hypericum species (Guttiferae), is one of the most powerful photosensitizers found in nature. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the variability of chemical composition and biological activities of four H. perforatum samples, collected at different altitudes in the South Apennine of Italy. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTT assay was used to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of different samples concentrations (0.6-100 µg/mL) after irradiation at 365 nm. The inhibition of nitric oxide production was evaluated after 24 h of incubation using the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and sample solutions ranging from 12.5 to 1000 µg/mL. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and β-carotene bleaching test (ranges were 12.5-1000 and 1-400 µg/mL, respectively). Chemical composition was evaluated through HPTLC, and different contents of hypericin and rutin have been observed. RESULTS The most phototoxic sample was collected from Zumpano (no. 1 at 370 m), with IC50 values of 24.61 ± 0.02 μg/mL. Sample no. 1 showed also the best radical scavenging activity (IC50 value of 9.18 ± 0.03 μg/mL) and the best antioxidant activity (IC50 value of 10.04 ± 0.03 μg/mL after 30 min of incubation). Best activity of extract no. 1 was well in accordance with chemical data, including the phenolic total content and particular metabolome profile. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This paper confirms the usefulness in maintaining the exploration of H. perforatum activities, in order to confirm its potentiality as a multipurpose plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria , Rende , Italy and
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Menichini G, Alfano C, Marrelli M, Toniolo C, Provenzano E, Statti GA, Nicoletti M, Menichini F, Conforti F. Hypericum perforatum L. subsp. perforatum induces inhibition of free radicals and enhanced phototoxicity in human melanoma cells under ultraviolet light. Cell Prolif 2013; 46:193-202. [PMID: 23510474 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our interest continues in discovering phytocomplexes from medicinal plants with phototoxic activity against human melanoma cells; thus the aim of the present study was to assess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and phototoxic activity of Hypericum perforatum L. subsp. perforatum, and relate these properties to the plant's chemical composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Components of H. perforatum subsp. perforatum were extracted by hydroalcoholic solution and chemical profiles of preparations (HyTE-3) performed by HPTLC. Linoleic acid peroxidation and DPPH tests were used to assess antioxidant activity, while MTT assay allowed evaluation of anti-proliferative activity with respect to A375 human melanoma cells after irradiation with UVA dose, 1.8 J/cm(2) . Inhibition of nitric oxide production of macrophages was also investigated. RESULTS HyTE-3 indicated better antioxidant activity with β-carotene bleaching test in comparison to DPPH assay (IC50 = 0.89 μg/ml); significant phototoxicity in A375 cells at 78 μg/ml concentration resulted in cell destruction of 50%. HyTE-3 caused significant dose-related inhibition of nitric oxide production in murine monocytic macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 with IC50 value of 342 μg/ml. CONCLUSIONS The H. perforatum subsp. perforatum-derived product was able to suppress proliferation of human malignant melanoma A375 cells; extract together with UVA irradiation enhanced phototoxicity. This biological activity of antioxidant effects was combined with inhibition of nitric oxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Menichini
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy
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Ouchemoukh S, Hachoud S, Boudraham H, Mokrani A, Louaileche H. Antioxidant activities of some dried fruits consumed in Algeria. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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