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Druzak SA, Tardelli M, Mays SG, El Bejjani M, Mo X, Maner-Smith KM, Bowen T, Cato ML, Tillman MC, Sugiyama A, Xie Y, Fu H, Cohen DE, Ortlund EA. Ligand dependent interaction between PC-TP and PPARδ mitigates diet-induced hepatic steatosis in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2748. [PMID: 37173315 PMCID: PMC10182070 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38010-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP; synonym StarD2) is a soluble lipid-binding protein that transports phosphatidylcholine (PC) between cellular membranes. To better understand the protective metabolic effects associated with hepatic PC-TP, we generated a hepatocyte-specific PC-TP knockdown (L-Pctp-/-) in male mice, which gains less weight and accumulates less liver fat compared to wild-type mice when challenged with a high-fat diet. Hepatic deletion of PC-TP also reduced adipose tissue mass and decreases levels of triglycerides and phospholipids in skeletal muscle, liver and plasma. Gene expression analysis suggest that the observed metabolic changes are related to transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferative activating receptor (PPAR) family members. An in-cell protein complementation screen between lipid transfer proteins and PPARs uncovered a direct interaction between PC-TP and PPARδ that was not observed for other PPARs. We confirmed the PC-TP- PPARδ interaction in Huh7 hepatocytes, where it was found to repress PPARδ-mediated transactivation. Mutations of PC-TP residues implicated in PC binding and transfer reduce the PC-TP-PPARδ interaction and relieve PC-TP-mediated PPARδ repression. Reduction of exogenously supplied methionine and choline reduces the interaction while serum starvation enhances the interaction in cultured hepatocytes. Together our data points to a ligand sensitive PC-TP- PPARδ interaction that suppresses PPAR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Druzak
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matteo Tardelli
- Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suzanne G Mays
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mireille El Bejjani
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xulie Mo
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristal M Maner-Smith
- Emory Integrated Lipidomics and Metabolomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas Bowen
- Emory Integrated Lipidomics and Metabolomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael L Cato
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew C Tillman
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Akiko Sugiyama
- Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David E Cohen
- Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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2
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Karakaslar EO, Katiyar N, Hasham M, Youn A, Sharma S, Chung C, Marches R, Korstanje R, Banchereau J, Ucar D. Transcriptional activation of Jun and Fos members of the AP-1 complex is a conserved signature of immune aging that contributes to inflammaging. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13792. [PMID: 36840360 PMCID: PMC10086525 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse mouse strains have different health and life spans, mimicking the diversity among humans. To capture conserved aging signatures, we studied long-lived C57BL/6J and short-lived NZO/HILtJ mouse strains by profiling transcriptomes and epigenomes of immune cells from peripheral blood and the spleen from young and old mice. Transcriptional activation of the AP-1 transcription factor complex, particularly Fos, Junb, and Jun genes, was the most significant and conserved aging signature across tissues and strains. ATAC-seq data analyses showed that the chromatin around these genes was more accessible with age and there were significantly more binding sites for these TFs with age across all studied tissues, targeting pro-inflammatory molecules including Il6. Age-related increases in binding sites of JUN and FOS factors were also conserved in human peripheral blood ATAC-seq data. Single-cell RNA-seq data from the mouse aging cell atlas Tabula Muris Senis showed that the expression of these genes increased with age in B, T, NK cells, and macrophages, with macrophages from old mice expressing these molecules more abundantly than other cells. Functional data showed that upon myeloid cell activation via poly(I:C), the levels of JUN protein and its binding activity increased more significantly in spleen cells from old compared to young mice. In addition, upon activation, old cells produced more IL6 compared to young cells. In sum, we showed that the aging-related transcriptional activation of Jun and Fos family members in AP-1 complex is conserved across immune tissues and long- and short-living mouse strains, possibly contributing to increased inflammation with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Onur Karakaslar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic MedicineFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)LeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Neerja Katiyar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic MedicineFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | - Muneer Hasham
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian GeneticsBar HarborMaineUSA
| | | | | | - Cheng‐han Chung
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic MedicineFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | - Radu Marches
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic MedicineFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | - Ron Korstanje
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian GeneticsBar HarborMaineUSA
| | - Jacques Banchereau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic MedicineFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
- ImmunaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Duygu Ucar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic MedicineFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
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3
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Kuhn T, Kaiser K, Lebek S, Altenhofen D, Knebel B, Herwig R, Rasche A, Pelligra A, Görigk S, Khuong JMA, Vogel H, Schürmann A, Blüher M, Chadt A, Al-Hasani H. Comparative genomic analyses of multiple backcross mouse populations suggest SGCG as a novel potential obesity-modifier gene. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:4019-4033. [PMID: 35796564 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To nominate novel disease genes for obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), we recently generated two mouse backcross populations of the T2D-susceptible New Zealand Obese (NZO/HI) mouse strain and two genetically different, lean and T2D-resistant strains, 129P2/OlaHsd and C3HeB/FeJ. Comparative linkage analysis of our two female backcross populations identified seven novel body fat-associated quantitative trait loci (QTL). Only the locus Nbw14 (NZO body weight on chromosome 14) showed linkage to obesity-related traits in both backcross populations, indicating that the causal gene variant is likely specific for the NZO strain as NZO allele carriers in both crosses displayed elevated body weight and fat mass. To identify candidate genes for Nbw14, we used a combined approach of gene expression and haplotype analysis to filter for NZO-specific gene variants in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT), defined as the main QTL-target tissue. Only two genes, Arl11 and Sgcg, fulfilled our candidate criteria. In addition, expression QTL analysis revealed cis-signals for both genes within the Nbw14 locus. Moreover, retroviral overexpression of Sgcg in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes resulted in increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. In humans, mRNA levels of SGCG correlated with BMI and body fat mass exclusively in diabetic subjects, suggesting that SGCG may present a novel marker for metabolically unhealthy obesity. In conclusion, our comparative-cross analysis could substantially improve the mapping resolution of the obesity locus Nbw14. Future studies will shine light on the mechanism by which Sgcg may protect from the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Kuhn
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, D-40225, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Katharina Kaiser
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, D-40225, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Sandra Lebek
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, D-40225, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Delsi Altenhofen
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, D-40225, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Birgit Knebel
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, D-40225, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Ralf Herwig
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, D-14195, Germany
| | - Axel Rasche
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, D-14195, Germany
| | - Angela Pelligra
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, D-40225, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Sarah Görigk
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, D-40225, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Jenny Minh-An Khuong
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, D-40225, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Heike Vogel
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany.,Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, D-14558, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany.,Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, D-14558, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, D-04103, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, D-40225, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, D-40225, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
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4
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Wang M, Fang Z, Yoo B, Bejerano G, Peltz G. The Effect of Population Structure on Murine Genome-Wide Association Studies. Front Genet 2021; 12:745361. [PMID: 34589118 PMCID: PMC8475632 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.745361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to use genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for genetic discovery depends upon our ability to distinguish true causative from false positive association signals. Population structure (PS) has been shown to cause false positive signals in GWAS. PS correction is routinely used for analysis of human GWAS results, and it has been assumed that it also should be utilized for murine GWAS using inbred strains. Nevertheless, there are fundamental differences between murine and human GWAS, and the impact of PS on murine GWAS results has not been carefully investigated. To assess the impact of PS on murine GWAS, we examined 8223 datasets that characterized biomedical responses in panels of inbred mouse strains. Rather than treat PS as a confounding variable, we examined it as a response variable. Surprisingly, we found that PS had a minimal impact on datasets measuring responses in ≤20 strains; and had surprisingly little impact on most datasets characterizing 21 - 40 inbred strains. Moreover, we show that true positive association signals arising from haplotype blocks, SNPs or indels, which were experimentally demonstrated to be causative for trait differences, would be rejected if PS correction were applied to them. Our results indicate because of the special conditions created by GWAS (the use of inbred strains, small sample sizes) PS assessment results should be carefully evaluated in conjunction with other criteria, when murine GWAS results are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyue Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Zhuoqing Fang
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Boyoung Yoo
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Gill Bejerano
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Gary Peltz
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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5
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Kobayashi M, Ueda H, Babaya N, Itoi-Babaya M, Noso S, Fujisawa T, Horio F, Ikegami H. Type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes on mouse chromosome 11 under high sucrose environment. BMC Genet 2020; 21:81. [PMID: 32703163 PMCID: PMC7379357 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00888-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to type 2 diabetes development. We used consomic mice established from an animal type 2 diabetes model to identify susceptibility genes that contribute to type 2 diabetes development under specific environments. We previously established consomic strains (C3H-Chr 11NSY and C3H-Chr 14NSY) that possess diabetogenic Chr 11 or 14 of the Nagoya-Shibata-Yasuda (NSY) mouse, an animal model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes, in the genetic background of C3H mice. To search genes contribute to type 2 diabetes under specific environment, we first investigated whether sucrose administration deteriorates type 2 diabetes-related traits in the consomic strains. We dissected loci on Chr 11 by establishing congenic strains possessing different segments of NSY-derived Chr 11 under sucrose administration. Results In C3H-Chr 11NSY mice, sucrose administration for 10 weeks deteriorated hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and impaired insulin secretion, which is comparable to NSY mice with sucrose. In C3H-Chr 14NSY mice, sucrose administration induced glucose intolerance, but not insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. To dissect the gene(s) existing on Chr 11 for sucrose-induced type 2 diabetes, we constructed four novel congenic strains (R1, R2, R3, and R4) with different segments of NSY-derived Chr 11 in C3H mice. R2 mice showed marked glucose intolerance and impaired insulin secretion comparable to C3H-Chr 11NSY mice. R3 and R4 mice also showed impaired insulin secretion. R4 mice showed significant decreases in white adipose tissue, which is in the opposite direction from parental C3H-Chr 11NSY and NSY mice. None of the four congenic strains showed insulin resistance. Conclusions Genes on mouse Chr 11 could explain glucose intolerance, impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance in NSY mice under sucrose administration. Congenic mapping with high sucrose environment localized susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes associated with impaired insulin secretion in the middle segment (26.0–63.4 Mb) of Chr 11. Gene(s) that decrease white adipose tissue were mapped to the distal segment of Chr 11. The identification of diabetogenic gene on Chr 11 in the future study will facilitate precision medicine in type 2 diabetes by controlling specific environments in targeted subjects with susceptible genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Kobayashi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hironori Ueda
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Health Care Center, KSC branch, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Naru Babaya
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 337-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Michiko Itoi-Babaya
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Health Care Center, Rinku General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Noso
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 337-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Tomomi Fujisawa
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Sakai City Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Horio
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikegami
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 337-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
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6
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Kollmus H, Fuchs H, Lengger C, Haselimashhadi H, Bogue MA, Östereicher MA, Horsch M, Adler T, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, Amarie OV, Becker L, Beckers J, Calzada-Wack J, Garrett L, Hans W, Hölter SM, Klein-Rodewald T, Maier H, Mayer-Kuckuk P, Miller G, Moreth K, Neff F, Rathkolb B, Rácz I, Rozman J, Spielmann N, Treise I, Busch D, Graw J, Klopstock T, Wolf E, Wurst W, Yildirim AÖ, Mason J, Torres A, Balling R, Mehaan T, Gailus-Durner V, Schughart K, Hrabě de Angelis M. A comprehensive and comparative phenotypic analysis of the collaborative founder strains identifies new and known phenotypes. Mamm Genome 2020; 31:30-48. [PMID: 32060626 PMCID: PMC7060152 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-020-09827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The collaborative cross (CC) is a large panel of mouse-inbred lines derived from eight founder strains (NOD/ShiLtJ, NZO/HILtJ, A/J, C57BL/6J, 129S1/SvImJ, CAST/EiJ, PWK/PhJ, and WSB/EiJ). Here, we performed a comprehensive and comparative phenotyping screening to identify phenotypic differences and similarities between the eight founder strains. In total, more than 300 parameters including allergy, behavior, cardiovascular, clinical blood chemistry, dysmorphology, bone and cartilage, energy metabolism, eye and vision, immunology, lung function, neurology, nociception, and pathology were analyzed; in most traits from sixteen females and sixteen males. We identified over 270 parameters that were significantly different between strains. This study highlights the value of the founder and CC strains for phenotype-genotype associations of many genetic traits that are highly relevant to human diseases. All data described here are publicly available from the mouse phenome database for analyses and downloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Kollmus
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr.7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lengger
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hamed Haselimashhadi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | | | - Manuela A Östereicher
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marion Horsch
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thure Adler
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juan Antonio Aguilar-Pimentel
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oana Veronica Amarie
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lore Becker
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Calzada-Wack
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lillian Garrett
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hans
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine M Hölter
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Klein-Rodewald
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Holger Maier
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Mayer-Kuckuk
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gregor Miller
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristin Moreth
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frauke Neff
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Feodor-Lynen Str. 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ildikó Rácz
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinic of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Rozman
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Spielmann
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Irina Treise
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Busch
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstrasse 30, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Graw
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Klinikum Der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstr. 1a, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Site Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Feodor-Lynen Str. 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Site Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Developmental Genetics, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, C/O Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jeremy Mason
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Arturo Torres
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Rudi Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Terry Mehaan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Schughart
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr.7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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Schofield G, Henderson G, Crofts C, Thornley S. What are we to think when results from mouse research contradict those from human experiments and clinical practice? Nutr Diabetes 2016; 6:e224. [PMID: 27525819 PMCID: PMC5022145 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Schofield
- Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - G Henderson
- Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - C Crofts
- Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S Thornley
- Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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8
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Doran AG, Wong K, Flint J, Adams DJ, Hunter KW, Keane TM. Deep genome sequencing and variation analysis of 13 inbred mouse strains defines candidate phenotypic alleles, private variation and homozygous truncating mutations. Genome Biol 2016; 17:167. [PMID: 27480531 PMCID: PMC4968449 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-1024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mouse Genomes Project is an ongoing collaborative effort to sequence the genomes of the common laboratory mouse strains. In 2011, the initial analysis of sequence variation across 17 strains found 56.7 M unique single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 8.8 M indels. We carry out deep sequencing of 13 additional inbred strains (BUB/BnJ, C57BL/10J, C57BR/cdJ, C58/J, DBA/1J, I/LnJ, KK/HiJ, MOLF/EiJ, NZB/B1NJ, NZW/LacJ, RF/J, SEA/GnJ and ST/bJ), cataloguing molecular variation within and across the strains. These strains include important models for immune response, leukaemia, age-related hearing loss and rheumatoid arthritis. We now have several examples of fully sequenced closely related strains that are divergent for several disease phenotypes. RESULTS Approximately 27.4 M unique SNPs and 5 M indels are identified across these strains compared to the C57BL/6 J reference genome (GRCm38). The amount of variation found in the inbred laboratory mouse genome has increased to 71 M SNPs and 12 M indels. We investigate the genetic basis of highly penetrant cancer susceptibility in RF/J finding private novel missense mutations in DNA damage repair and highly cancer associated genes. We use two highly related strains (DBA/1J and DBA/2J) to investigate the genetic basis of collagen-induced arthritis susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS This paper significantly expands the catalogue of fully sequenced laboratory mouse strains and now contains several examples of highly genetically similar strains with divergent phenotypes. We show how studying private missense mutations can lead to insights into the genetic mechanism for a highly penetrant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G Doran
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Kim Wong
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Jonathan Flint
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Kent W Hunter
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Thomas M Keane
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK.
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Skeletal muscle mitochondrial uncoupling prevents diabetes but not obesity in NZO mice, a model for polygenic diabesity. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:57. [PMID: 26584809 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Induction of skeletal muscle (SM) mitochondrial stress by expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in mice results in a healthy metabolic phenotype associated with increased secretion of FGF21 from SM. Here, we investigated whether SM mitochondrial uncoupling can compensate obesity and insulin resistance in the NZO mouse, a polygenic diabesity model. Male NZO mice were crossed with heterozygous UCP1 transgenic (tg) mice (mixed C57BL/6/CBA background) and further backcrossed to obtain F1 and N2 offspring with 50 and 75 % NZO background, respectively. Male F1 and N2 progeny were fed a high-fat diet ad libitum for 20 weeks from weaning. Blood glucose was reduced, and diabetes (severe hyperglycemia >300 mg/dl) was fully prevented in both F1- and N2-tg progeny compared to a diabetes prevalence of 15 % in F1 and 42 % in N2 wild type. In contrast, relative body fat content and plasma insulin were decreased, and glucose tolerance was improved, in F1-tg only. Both F1 and N2-tg showed decreased lean body mass. Accordingly, induction of SM stress response including FGF21 expression and secretion was similar in both F1 and N2-tg mice. In white adipose tissue, expression of FGF21 target genes was enhanced in F1 and N2-tg mice, whereas lipid metabolism genes were induced in F1-tg only. There was no evidence for induction of browning in either UCP1 backcross. We conclude that SM mitochondrial uncoupling induces FGF21 expression and prevents diabetes in mice with a 50-75 % NZO background independent of its effects on adipose tissue.
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10
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The genetic basis of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (diabesity) in polygenic mouse models. Mamm Genome 2014; 25:401-12. [PMID: 24752583 PMCID: PMC4164836 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-014-9514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-associated diabetes (“diabesity”) in mouse strains is characterized by severe insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and progressive failure, and loss of beta cells. This condition is observed in inbred obese mouse strains such as the New Zealand Obese (NZO/HlLt and NZO/HlBomDife) or the TALLYHO/JngJ mouse. In lean strains such as C57BLKS/J, BTBR T+tf/J or DBA/2 J carrying diabetes susceptibility genes (“diabetes susceptible” background), it can be induced by introgression of the obesity-causing mutations Lep<ob> (ob) or Lepr<db> (db). Outcross populations of these models have been employed in the genome-wide search for mouse diabetes genes, and have led to positional cloning of the strong candidates Pctp, Tbc1d1, Zfp69, and Ifi202b (NZO-derived obesity) and Sorcs1,Lisch-like, Tomosyn-2, App, Tsc2, and Ube2l6 (obesity caused by the ob or db mutation). Some of these genes have been shown to play a role in the regulation of the human glucose or lipid metabolism. Thus, dissection of the genetic basis of obesity and diabetes in mouse models can identify regulatory mechanisms that are relevant for the human disease.
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11
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Ersoy BA, Tarun A, D'Aquino K, Hancer NJ, Ukomadu C, White MF, Michel T, Manning BD, Cohen DE. Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein interacts with thioesterase superfamily member 2 to attenuate insulin signaling. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra64. [PMID: 23901139 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP) is a phospholipid-binding protein that is enriched in liver and that interacts with thioesterase superfamily member 2 (THEM2). Mice lacking either protein exhibit improved hepatic glucose homeostasis and are resistant to diet-induced diabetes. Insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) are key effectors of insulin signaling, which is attenuated in diabetes. We found that PC-TP inhibited IRS2, as evidenced by insulin-independent IRS2 activation after knockdown, genetic ablation, or chemical inhibition of PC-TP. In addition, IRS2 was activated after knockdown of THEM2, providing support for a role for the interaction of PC-TP with THEM2 in suppressing insulin signaling. Additionally, we showed that PC-TP bound to tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) and stabilized the components of the TSC1-TSC2 complex, which functions to inhibit mTORC1. Preventing phosphatidylcholine from binding to PC-TP disrupted interactions of PC-TP with THEM2 and TSC2, and disruption of the PC-TP-THEM2 complex was associated with increased activation of both IRS2 and mTORC1. In livers of mice with genetic ablation of PC-TP or that had been treated with a PC-TP inhibitor, steady-state amounts of IRS2 were increased, whereas those of TSC2 were decreased. These findings reveal a phospholipid-dependent mechanism that suppresses insulin signaling downstream of its receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baran A Ersoy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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12
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Königsdorf CAI, Navarrete Santos A, Schmidt JS, Fischer S, Fischer B. Expression profile of fatty acid metabolism genes in preimplantation blastocysts of obese and non-obese mice. Obes Facts 2012; 5:575-86. [PMID: 22986646 DOI: 10.1159/000342583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have disclosed a close relationship between maternal obesity, fetal metabolism and pre- and postnatal development. The lipid metabolism in preimplantation embryos is a possible target of metabolic programming. METHODS 31 genes of beta-oxidation and fatty acid and cholesterol uptake, synthesis and regulation were analyzed in day 3.5 blastocysts from NZO (obese) and C57Bl/6 (normal weight) mice by RT-PCR and semiquantitative PCR. RESULTS The most obvious difference between both strains was the lack of the RXR gamma transcript in NZO blastocysts. In adult NZO mice, RXR gamma is detectable in most tissues. In a semiquantitative analysis, a higher transcription rate of fatty acid transport protein 4 (p = 0.004) and a reduced transcript number of fatty acid synthase (p = 0.049) was found in NZO blastocysts. Cholesterol synthesis regulation was modified in NZO blastocysts, as indicated by the ratio of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 2 / insulin-induced gene 1 (Insig 1) (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION In mouse blastocysts enzymes and signal molecules of fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism resemble those expressed postnatally. Distinct differences in transcription rates of genes between blastocysts from obese and non-obese mothers indicate that preimplantation embryo development is an early target for metabolic programming.
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13
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Kluge R, Scherneck S, Schürmann A, Joost HG. Pathophysiology and genetics of obesity and diabetes in the New Zealand obese mouse: a model of the human metabolic syndrome. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2012; 933:59-73. [PMID: 22893401 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-068-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The New Zealand Obese (NZO) mouse is one of the most thoroughly investigated polygenic models for the human metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. It presents the main characteristics of the disease complex, including early-onset obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. As a consequence of this syndrome, a combination of lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity produces beta-cell failure and apoptosis resulting in hypoinsulinemia and diabetic hyperglycemia. With NZO as a breeding partner, several adipogenic and diabetogenic gene variants have been identified by hypothesis-free positional cloning (Tbc1d1, Zfp69) or by combining genetic screens and candidate gene approaches (Pctp, Abcg1, Nmur2, Lepr). This chapter summarizes the present knowledge of the NZO strain and describes its pathophysiology as well as the known underlying genetic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhart Kluge
- Max-Rubner-Laboratory, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.
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14
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Shishova EY, Stoll JM, Ersoy BA, Shrestha S, Scapa EF, Li Y, Niepel MW, Su Y, Jelicks LA, Stahl GL, Glicksman M, Gutierrez-Juarez R, Cuny GD, Cohen DE. Genetic ablation or chemical inhibition of phosphatidylcholine transfer protein attenuates diet-induced hepatic glucose production. Hepatology 2011; 54:664-74. [PMID: 21538437 PMCID: PMC3144994 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP, synonym StARD2) is a highly specific intracellular lipid binding protein that is enriched in liver. Coding region polymorphisms in both humans and mice appear to confer protection against measures of insulin resistance. The current study was designed to test the hypotheses that Pctp-/- mice are protected against diet-induced increases in hepatic glucose production and that small molecule inhibition of PC-TP recapitulates this phenotype. Pctp-/- and wildtype mice were subjected to high-fat feeding and rates of hepatic glucose production and glucose clearance were quantified by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies and pyruvate tolerance tests. These studies revealed that high-fat diet-induced increases in hepatic glucose production were markedly attenuated in Pctp-/- mice. Small molecule inhibitors of PC-TP were synthesized and their potencies, as well as mechanism of inhibition, were characterized in vitro. An optimized inhibitor was administered to high-fat-fed mice and used to explore effects on insulin signaling in cell culture systems. Small molecule inhibitors bound PC-TP, displaced phosphatidylcholines from the lipid binding site, and increased the thermal stability of the protein. Administration of the optimized inhibitor to wildtype mice attenuated hepatic glucose production associated with high-fat feeding, but had no activity in Pctp-/- mice. Indicative of a mechanism for reducing glucose intolerance that is distinct from commonly utilized insulin-sensitizing agents, the inhibitor promoted insulin-independent phosphorylation of key insulin signaling molecules. CONCLUSION These findings suggest PC-TP inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy in the management of hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Y. Shishova
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Janis M. Stoll
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Baran A. Ersoy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Sudeep Shrestha
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Erez F. Scapa
- Gastroenterology Department, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yingxia Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Michele W. Niepel
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Ya Su
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Linda A. Jelicks
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Gregory L. Stahl
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Marcie Glicksman
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Roger Gutierrez-Juarez
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Gregory D Cuny
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - David E. Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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15
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Scherneck S, Vogel H, Nestler M, Kluge R, Schürmann A, Joost HG. Role of zinc finger transcription factor zfp69 in body fat storage and diabetes susceptibility of mice. Results Probl Cell Differ 2011; 52:57-68. [PMID: 20865372 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14426-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a polygenic disease resulting from a combination of different disease alleles reflecting obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia. Using a positional cloning strategy with different inbred strains of mice, we mapped a disease locus for obesity-associated diabetes on chromosome 4. We analyzed all genes in this region and identified distinct differences in the expression levels of the transcription factor Zfp69. The expression of this gene mediated diabetes progression in a leptin-deficient congenic mouse line. The animals developed a disease pattern of hyperglycemia, reduced gonadal fat mass, and increased plasma and liver triglycerides, resembling a potential defect in triglyceride storage . In order to elucidate the impact of the human ortholog of Zfp69 in the development of type 2 diabetes, we tested its mRNA expression in human white adipose tissue. Consistent with the mouse data, mRNA-expression was significantly higher in diabetic subjects than in unaffected controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Scherneck
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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16
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Joost HG. The genetic basis of obesity and type 2 diabetes: lessons from the new zealand obese mouse, a polygenic model of the metabolic syndrome. Results Probl Cell Differ 2011; 52:1-11. [PMID: 20865367 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14426-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The New Zealand obese (NZO) mouse is a polygenic model of severe obesity and type 2 diabetes-like hyperglycaemia. Outcross experiments with lean strains have led to the identification of numerous susceptibility loci (quantitative trait loci (QTL)) for adiposity and/or hyperglycaemia. Several major QTL were successfully introgressed into lean strains, and two responsible genes, the RabGAP Tbc1d1 and the transcription factor Zfp69, were so far identified by a conventional strategy of positional cloning. Tbc1d1 controls substrate utilization in muscle; SJL mice carry a loss-of-function variant that shifts substrate oxidation from glucose to fat and suppresses adiposity as well as development of diabetes. The zinc finger domain transcription factor Zfp69 appears to regulate triglyceride storage in adipose tissue. Its normal allele Zfp69 causes a redistribution of triglycerides from gonadal stores to liver, and consequently enhances diabetes when introgressed from SJL into NZO, whereas the loss-of-function variant present in NZO and C57BL/6J reduces the prevalence of diabetes. Data from human patients suggest that the orthologs of both genes may play a role in the pathogenesis of the human metabolic syndrome. In addition to Tbc1d1 and Zfp69, variants of Lepr, Pctp, Abcg1, and Nmur2 located in other QTL were identified as potential candidates by sequencing and functional studies. These results indicate that dissection of the genetic basis of obesity and diabetes in mouse models can identify novel regulatory mechanisms that are relevant for the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Georg Joost
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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17
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Kang HW, Wei J, Cohen DE. PC-TP/StARD2: Of membranes and metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21:449-56. [PMID: 20338778 PMCID: PMC2897958 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP, synonym StARD2) binds phosphatidylcholines, and catalyzes their intermembrane transfer and exchange in vitro. The structure of PC-TP comprises a hydrophobic pocket and a well-defined head group binding site, and its gene expression is regulated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha. Recent studies have revealed key regulatory roles for PC-TP in lipid and glucose metabolism. Notably, Pctp(-/-) mice are sensitized to the action of insulin, and exhibit more efficient brown fat-mediated thermogenesis. PC-TP appears to limit access of fatty acids to mitochondria by stimulating the activity of thioesterase superfamily member 2, a newly characterized long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase. Because PC-TP discriminates between phosphatidylcholines within lipid bilayers, it might function as a sensor that links metabolic regulation to membrane composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Kang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Malanovic N, Streith I, Wolinski H, Rechberger G, Kohlwein SD, Tehlivets O. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, key enzyme of methylation metabolism, regulates phosphatidylcholine synthesis and triacylglycerol homeostasis in yeast: implications for homocysteine as a risk factor of atherosclerosis. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:23989-99. [PMID: 18591246 PMCID: PMC3259781 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800830200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (Sah1) offers a single way for degradation of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, a product and potent competitive inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet)-dependent methyltransferases. De novo phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis requires three AdoMet-dependent methylation steps. Here we show that down-regulation of SAH1 expression in yeast leads to accumulation of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and decreased de novo PC synthesis in vivo. This decrease is accompanied by an increase in triacylglycerol (TG) levels, demonstrating that Sah1-regulated methylation has a major impact on cellular lipid homeostasis. TG accumulation is also observed in cho2 and opi3 mutants defective in methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to PC, confirming that PC de novo synthesis and TG synthesis are metabolically coupled through the efficiency of the phospholipid methylation reaction. Indeed, because both types of lipids share phosphatidic acid as a precursor, we find in cells with down-regulated Sah1 activity major alterations in the expression of the INO1 gene as well as in the localization of Opi1, a negative regulatory factor of phospholipid synthesis, which binds and is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane by phosphatidic acid in conjunction with VAMP/synaptobrevin-associated protein, Scs2. The addition of homocysteine, by the reversal of the Sah1-catalyzed reaction, also leads to TG accumulation in yeast, providing an attractive model for the role of homocysteine as a risk factor of atherosclerosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Oksana Tehlivets
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz,
Austria
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19
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Kanno K, Wu MK, Agate DS, Fanelli BJ, Wagle N, Scapa EF, Ukomadu C, Cohen DE. Interacting proteins dictate function of the minimal START domain phosphatidylcholine transfer protein/StarD2. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:30728-36. [PMID: 17704541 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m703745200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Star (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein)-related transfer (START) domain superfamily is characterized by a distinctive lipid-binding motif. START domains typically reside in multidomain proteins, suggesting their function as lipid sensors that trigger biological activities. Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP, also known as StarD2) is an example of a START domain minimal protein that consists only of the lipid-binding motif. PC-TP, which binds phosphatidylcholine exclusively, is expressed during embryonic development and in several tissues of the adult mouse, including liver. Although it catalyzes the intermembrane exchange of phosphatidylcholines in vitro, this activity does not appear to explain the various metabolic alterations observed in mice lacking PC-TP. Here we demonstrate that PC-TP function may be mediated via interacting proteins. Yeast two-hybrid screening using libraries prepared from mouse liver and embryo identified Them2 (thioesterase superfamily member 2) and the homeodomain transcription factor Pax3 (paired box gene 3), respectively, as PC-TP-interacting proteins. These were notable because the START domain superfamily contains multidomain proteins in which the START domain coexists with thioesterase domains in mammals and with homeodomain transcription factors in plants. Interactions were verified in pulldown assays, and colocalization with PC-TP was confirmed within tissues and intracellularly. The acyl-CoA thioesterase activity of purified recombinant Them2 was markedly enhanced by recombinant PC-TP. In tissue culture, PC-TP coactivated the transcriptional activity of Pax3. These findings suggest that PC-TP functions as a phosphatidylcholine-sensing molecule that engages in diverse regulatory activities that depend upon the cellular expression of distinct interacting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Kanno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Kanno K, Wu MK, Scapa EF, Roderick SL, Cohen DE. Structure and function of phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP)/StarD2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2007; 1771:654-62. [PMID: 17499021 PMCID: PMC2743068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2006] [Revised: 03/31/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP) is a highly specific soluble lipid binding protein that transfers phosphatidylcholine between membranes in vitro. PC-TP is a member of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related transfer (START) domain superfamily. Although its biochemical properties and structure are well characterized, the functions of PC-TP in vivo remain incompletely understood. Studies of mice with homozygous disruption of the Pctp gene have largely refuted the hypothesis that this protein participates in the hepatocellular selection and transport of biliary phospholipids, in the production of lung surfactant, in leukotriene biosynthesis and in cellular phosphatidylcholine metabolism. Nevertheless, Pctp(-/-) mice exhibit interesting defects in lipid homeostasis, the understanding of which should elucidate the biological functions of PC-TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Kanno
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michele K. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erez F. Scapa
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven L. Roderick
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David E. Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to this author at: Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115. Phone: (617) 525-7846; Fax: (617) 264-6368;
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