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Kim M, Paik JH, Lee H, Kim MJ, Eum SM, Kim SY, Choi S, Park HY, Jeong HG, Jeong TS. Ancistrocladus tectorius Extract Inhibits Obesity by Promoting Thermogenesis and Mitochondrial Dynamics in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3743. [PMID: 38612554 PMCID: PMC11011498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Root extracts of Ancistrocladus tectorius (AT), a shrub native to China, have been shown to have antiviral and antitumor activities, but the anti-obesity effects of AT aerial parts, mainly the leaves and stems, have not been investigated. This study is the first to investigate the anti-obesity effects and molecular mechanism of AT 70% ethanol extract in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice. Treatment with AT extract inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and decreased the expression of adipogenesis-related genes. AT extract also upregulated the mRNA expression of genes related to mitochondrial dynamics in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. AT administration for 12 weeks reduced body weight and organ weights, including liver, pancreas, and white and brown adipose tissue, and improved plasma profiles such as glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol in HFD-fed mice. AT extract reduced HFD-induced hepatic steatosis with levels of liver TG and lipogenesis-related genes. AT extract upregulated thermogenesis-related genes such as Cidea, Pgc1α, Ucp1, Prdm16, Adrb1, and Adrb3 and mitochondrial dynamics-related genes such as Mff, Opa1, and Mfn2 in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Therefore, AT extract effectively reduced obesity by promoting thermogenesis and the mitochondrial dynamics of BAT in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minju Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (H.L.); (M.J.K.); (H.-Y.P.)
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyub Paik
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (J.H.P.); (S.M.E.); (S.Y.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Hwa Lee
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (H.L.); (M.J.K.); (H.-Y.P.)
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (H.L.); (M.J.K.); (H.-Y.P.)
| | - Sang Mi Eum
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (J.H.P.); (S.M.E.); (S.Y.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Soo Yong Kim
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (J.H.P.); (S.M.E.); (S.Y.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Sangho Choi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (J.H.P.); (S.M.E.); (S.Y.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Ho-Yong Park
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (H.L.); (M.J.K.); (H.-Y.P.)
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sook Jeong
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (H.L.); (M.J.K.); (H.-Y.P.)
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Wójciak M, Feldo M, Stolarczyk P, Płachno BJ. Biological Potential of Carnivorous Plants from Nepenthales. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083639. [PMID: 37110873 PMCID: PMC10146735 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since Charles Darwin and his book carnivorous plants have aroused interest and heated debate. In addition, there is growing interest in this group of plants as a source of secondary metabolites and in the application of their biological activity. The aim of this study was to trace the recent literature in search of the application of extracts obtained from families Droseraceae, Nepenthaceae, and Drosophyllaceae to show their biological potential. The data collected in the review clearly indicate that the studied Nepenthales species have great biological potential in terms of antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer use. We proposed that further investigations should include: (i) bioactivity-guided investigations of crude plant extract to connect a particular type of action with a specific compound or a group of metabolites; (ii) a search for new bioactive properties of carnivorous plants; (iii) establishment of molecular mechanisms associated with specific activity. Furthermore, further research should be extended to include less explored species, i.e., Drosophyllum lusitanicum and especially Aldrovanda vesiculosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Feldo
- Chair and Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Stolarczyk
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 29 Listopada 54 Ave., 31-425 Cracow, Poland
| | - Bartosz J Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Cracow, Poland
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Almeida-Bezerra JW, Rodrigues FC, Lima Bezerra JJ, Vieira Pinheiro AA, Almeida de Menezes S, Tavares AB, Costa AR, Augusta de Sousa Fernandes P, Bezerra da Silva V, Martins da Costa JG, Pereira da Cruz R, Bezerra Morais-Braga MF, Melo Coutinho HD, Teixeira de Albergaria E, Meiado MV, Siyadatpanah A, Kim B, Morais de Oliveira AF. Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Bioactivities of Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:3829180. [PMID: 35310039 PMCID: PMC8930220 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3829180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze is a species widely used traditionally in the treatment of ailments, such as stomach pain, hemorrhoids, cough, verminosis, ulcer, liver disease, fever, influenza, nasal congestion, and inflammation. This review aims to provide a survey of available information on seven international electronic databases (Google Scholar, Medline, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed) about botanical aspects, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of M. suaveolens. Mesosphaerum suaveolens is a tropical America native species, but it can be found in several parts of the world as a ruderal plant. The species is the most studied species of the genus Lamiaceae due its phytochemical aspect, especially regarding the chemical composition of its essential oil. Besides the essential oils, M. suaveolens is a source of numerous secondary compounds such as triterpenes, diterpenes, and phenolic compounds, which are related to its biological activities, such as allelopathic, antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, and larvicidal activities as described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abolghasem Siyadatpanah
- Ferdows School of Paramedical and Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Kudera T, Fiserova B, Korytakova M, Doskocil I, Salmonova H, Tulin EE, Nguon S, Bande MM, Kokoska L. In Vitro Selective Antibacterial and Antiproliferative Effects of Ethanolic Extracts from Cambodian and Philippine Plants Used in Folk Medicine for Diarrhea Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:746808. [PMID: 34899301 PMCID: PMC8661004 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.746808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial diarrhea remains a global health problem, especially in developing tropical countries. Moreover, dysbiosis caused by diarrheagenic bacteria and inappropriate antimicrobial treatment has been associated with intestinal carcinogenesis. Despite the rich tradition of the use of herbs for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in Cambodian and Philippine folk medicine, many of them have not yet been systematically studied for their in vitro selective inhibitory effects on intestinal bacteria and cells. In the present study, in vitro inhibitory activities of 35 ethanolic extracts derived from 32 Cambodian and Philippine medicinal plants were determined by broth microdilution method against 12 pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, cytotoxicity against intestinal cancer cells (Caco-2 and HT-29) using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide cytotoxicity assay and safety to six beneficial intestinal bacteria (bifidobacteria and lactobacilli) and intestinal normal cells (FHs 74 Int) were determined for the antimicrobially active extracts. Selectivity indices (SIs) were calculated among the averages of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50), and 80% inhibitory concentrations of proliferation (IC80) for each type of the tested agents. The extracts of Artocarpus blancoi (Elmer) Merr. (Moraceae), Ancistrocladus tectorius (Lour.) Merr. (Ancistrocladaceae), and Pentacme siamensis (Miq.) Kurz (Dipterocarpaceae) produced significant growth-inhibitory effects (MICs = 32-512 μg/ml) against intestinal pathogenic bacteria at the concentrations nontoxic to normal intestinal cells (IC80 values >512 μg/ml; SIs = 0.11-0.2). Moreover, the extract of P. siamensis (Miq.) Kurz was relatively safe to beneficial bacteria (MICs ≥512 μg/ml; SI = 0.1), and together with A. blancoi (Elmer) Merr., they selectively inhibited intestinal cancer cells (IC50 values ≥51.98 ± 19.79 μg/ml; SIs = 0.3 and 0.6). Finally, a strong selective antiproliferative effect on cancer cells (IC50 values 37.89 ± 2.68 to 130.89 ± 13.99 μg/ml; SIs = 0.5) was exerted by Ehretia microphylla Lam. (Boraginaceae), Lagerstroemia cochinchinensis Pierre ex Gagnep. (Lythraceae), and Melastoma saigonense (Kuntze) Merr. (Melastomataceae) (leaves with flower buds). The results suggest that the above-mentioned species are promising materials for the development of new selective antibacterial and antiproliferative agents for the treatment of infectious diarrhea and associated intestinal cancer diseases. However, further research is needed regarding the isolation and identification of their active constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Kudera
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Barbora Fiserova
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marie Korytakova
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ivo Doskocil
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Salmonova
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Samnang Nguon
- Graduate School, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Marlito M. Bande
- Institute of Tropical Ecology and Environmental Management, Visayas State University, Baybay, Philippines
| | - Ladislav Kokoska
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
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Cabanillas B, Chassagne F, Vásquez-Ocmín P, Tahrioui A, Chevalier S, Vansteelandt M, Triastuti A, Amasifuen Guerra CA, Fabre N, Haddad M. Pharmacological validation of Solanum mammosum L. as an anti-infective agent: Role of solamargine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114473. [PMID: 34343650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fungal and bacterial infections remain a major problem worldwide, requiring the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Solanum mammosum L. (Solanaceae) ("teta de vaca") is used in traditional medicine in Peru to treat fungal infections and respiratory disorders via topical application. However, the mechanism of action remains unknown, particularly in light of its chemical composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antifungal activity of TDV was determined against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans using bioautography-TLC-HRMS to rapidly identify the active compounds. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fruit crude extract and the active compound was determined to precisely evaluate the antifungal activity. Additionally, the effects of the most active compound on the formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and pyocyanin production were evaluated. Finally, a LC-HRMS profile and a molecular network of TDV extract were created to characterize the metabolites in the fruits' ethanolic extract. RESULTS Bioautography-TLC-HRMS followed by isolation and confirmation of the structure of the active compound by 1D and 2D NMR allowed the identification solamargine as the main compound responsible for the anti-Trichophyton mentagrophytes (MIC = 64 μg mL-1) and anti-Candida albicans (MIC = 64 μg mL-1) activities. In addition, solamargine led to a significant reduction of about 20% of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation. This effect was observed at a very low concentration (1.6 μg mL-1) and remained fairly consistent regardless of the concentration. In addition, solamargine reduced pyocyanin production by about 20% at concentrations of 12.5 and 50 μg mL-1. Furthermore, the LC-HRMS profiling of TDV allowed us to annotate seven known compounds that were analyzed through a molecular network. CONCLUSIONS Solamargine has been shown to be the most active compound against T. mentoagrophytes and C. albicans in vitro. In addition, our data show that this compound affects significantly P. aeruginosa pyocyanin production and biofilm formation in our conditions. Altogether, these results might explain the traditional use of S. mammosum fruits to treat a variety of fungal infections and respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Cabanillas
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Lima, 34, Peru; Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Avenida Abelardo Quiñonez Km. 4.5, Iquitos, Peru
| | | | | | - Ali Tahrioui
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement, LMSM EA4312, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen Normandie, Évreux, France
| | - Sylvie Chevalier
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement, LMSM EA4312, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen Normandie, Évreux, France
| | | | - Asih Triastuti
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 55584, Indonesia
| | - Carlos A Amasifuen Guerra
- Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología, Avenida La Molina 1981, La Molina, Lima, 15024, Peru
| | - Nicolas Fabre
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | - Mohamed Haddad
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France.
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Wang Y, Khan FA, Siddiqui M, Aamer M, Lu C, Choudhary MI. The genus Schefflera: A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:113675. [PMID: 33301919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schefflera is the largest genus in the family Araliaceae, which contains 602 known species indigenous to Asia, Africa, and the southwest Pacific region, several of which are used in traditional medicine. AIM OF THE REVIEW The review discusses current knowledge of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of Schefflera species, to assess the medicinal potential of this genus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature were explored using the keyword "Schefflera" in SciFinder®, Google Scholar®, and PubMed® databases. The taxonomy of all reported plants was authenticated using "The Plant List". Additional data on traditional uses was obtained from secondary references including books and online resources. RESULTS Fourteen species were documented as traditional medicines in China, India, Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia, specifically to manage rheumatism, pain, and trauma. Other species are used in the treatment of liver disorders, skin conditions, respiratory infections, cancer, diarrhea, malaria, paralysis, and many other conditions. The main phytochemical constituents identified were triterpenoids and saponins, with sesquiterpenes, phenylpropanoids, and lignans. Pharmacological properties of extracts and pure isolated compounds included analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antimalarial, and antiallergic effects. CONCLUSION The reported biological activities of Schefflera species support their traditional uses, although the available data, even for medicinal species, was limited. Reports of chemical constituents or biological activities could be found for only about 20 species, but suggest that further investigation of efficacy and safety of the largely unexplored genus Schefflera is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Farooq-Ahmad Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Mahwish Siddiqui
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Aamer
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Cong Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Carnivorous Nepenthes x ventrata plants use a naphthoquinone as phytoanticipin against herbivory. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258235. [PMID: 34679089 PMCID: PMC8535358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnivorous plants feed on animal prey, mainly insects, to get additional nutrients. This carnivorous syndrome is widely investigated and reported. In contrast, reports on herbivores feeding on carnivorous plants and related defenses of the plants under attack are rare. Here, we studied the interaction of a pitcher plant, Nepenthes x ventrata, with a generalist lepidopteran herbivore, Spodoptera littoralis, using a combination of LC/MS-based chemical analytics, choice and feeding assays. Chemical defenses in N. x ventrata leaves were analyzed upon S. littoralis feeding. A naphthoquinone, plumbagin, was identified in Nepenthes defense against herbivores and as the compound mainly responsible for the finding that S. littoralis larvae gained almost no weight when feeding on Nepenthes leaves. Plumbagin is constitutively present but further 3-fold increased upon long-term (> 1 day) feeding. Moreover, in parallel de novo induced trypsin protease inhibitor (TI) activity was identified. In contrast to TI activity, enhanced plumbagin levels were not phytohormone inducible, not even by defense-related jasmonates although upon herbivory their level increased more than 50-fold in the case of the bioactive jasmonic acid-isoleucine. We conclude that Nepenthes is efficiently protected against insect herbivores by naphthoquinones acting as phytoanticipins, which is supported by additional inducible defenses. The regulation of these defenses remains to be investigated.
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Syafriana V, Febriani A, Suyatno S, Nurfitri N, Hamida F. Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Sempur (Dillenia suffruticosa (Griff.) Martelli) Leaves against Pathogenic Microorganisms. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2021. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v4i2.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sempur (Dillenia suffruticosa) leaves are known as a traditional medicine for the people of Bangka-Belitung Island. The local people empirically utilize the boiled water of D. suffruticosa leaves as anti-diarrhea. However, the antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract of D. suffruticosa leaves has not been reported. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract of D. suffruticosa leaves against several microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus as Gram-positive bacteria, Escherichia coli as Gram-negative bacteria, and Candida albicans as fungi. Extraction was carried out by maceration method with 70% ethanol, then screened for phytochemical constituents. The antimicrobial test was carried out by the disc diffusion method using Nutrient Agar (NA) for bacteria, and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) for fungi. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the ethanol extract of D. suffruticosa leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The antimicrobial test showed that the extract of D. suffruticosa leaves could inhibit the growth of S. aureus at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 40% were 8.35±0.05; 9.34±0.32; and 10.52±0.22, respectively. The ethanol extract of D. suffruticosa leaves could inhibit the growth of S. aureus, whereas E. coli and C. albicans did not show any activity.
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Rosli MAF, Mediani A, Azizan KA, Baharum SN, Goh HH. UPLC-TOF-MS/MS-Based Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Species-Specific Metabolite Compositions in Pitchers of Nepenthes ampullaria, Nepenthes rafflesiana, and Their Hybrid Nepenthes × hookeriana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:655004. [PMID: 33968110 PMCID: PMC8096924 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.655004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization is key to the evolution and diversity of plants in nature. Nepenthaceae comprises a family of diverse tropical carnivorous pitcher plant species with extensive hybridization. However, there is no study to date on the metabolite expression of hybrids in this family. We performed a non-targeted metabolomics analysis of the pitchers of two Nepenthes species with different dietary habits, namely, the semi-detritivorous N. ampullaria and carnivorous N. rafflesiana with their hybrid (N. × hookeriana) for a comparative study. The whole-pitcher samples were extracted in methanol:chloroform:water (3:1:1) via sonication-assisted extraction and analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS) followed by data analysis to profile chemical compositions. A total of 1,441 metabolite features were profiled from the three species in which 43.3% of features in the hybrid samples were not found in either of its parents. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) found 324 metabolite features with variable in projection (VIP) values greater than one in which 55 features were statistically significant. This showed that the hybrid is closer to N. rafflesiana, which is consistent to the previous study on gene and protein expressions. A total of 105 metabolites were putatively identified with manual searches using public metabolite databases. Phenols were detected to be the most abundant secondary metabolites due to a high flavonoid content, especially in N. rafflesiana. The most abundant feature 476.3s:449.102 was found to be the most significant VIP for distinguishing between the three species as a chemical marker. This is the first study comparing metabolites in the carnivory organs of different Nepenthes species with comprehensive profiling and putative identification. The differential metabolite compositions in the pitchers of different species might have ecological implications with the hybrid showing intermediate phenotype between the parents as well as manifesting unique metabolites. However, there is no clear evidence of metabolites related to the differences in dietary habits between the hybrid and the two parent species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hoe-Han Goh
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
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Rahman-Soad A, Dávila-Lara A, Paetz C, Mithöfer A. Plumbagin, a Potent Naphthoquinone from Nepenthes Plants with Growth Inhibiting and Larvicidal Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040825. [PMID: 33562562 PMCID: PMC7915728 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Some plant species are less susceptible to herbivore infestation than others. The reason for this is often unknown in detail but is very likely due to an efficient composition of secondary plant metabolites. Strikingly, carnivorous plants of the genus Nepenthes show extremely less herbivory both in the field and in green house. In order to identify the basis for the efficient defense against herbivorous insects in Nepenthes, we performed bioassays using larvae of the generalist lepidopteran herbivore, Spodoptera littoralis. Larvae fed with different tissues from Nepenthes x ventrata grew significantly less when feeding on a diet containing leaf tissue compared with pitcher-trap tissue. As dominating metabolite in Nepenthes tissues, we identified a naphthoquinone, plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone). When plumbagin was added at different concentrations to the diet of S. littoralis larvae, an EC50 value for larval growth inhibition was determined with 226.5 µg g-1 diet. To further determine the concentration causing higher larval mortality, sweet potato leaf discs were covered with increasing plumbagin concentrations in no-choice-assays; a higher mortality of the larvae was found beyond 60 µg plumbagin per leaf, corresponding to 750 µg g-1. Plant-derived insecticides have long been proposed as alternatives for pest management; plumbagin and derivatives might be such promising environmentally friendly candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asifur Rahman-Soad
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (A.R.-S.); (A.D.-L.)
| | - Alberto Dávila-Lara
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (A.R.-S.); (A.D.-L.)
| | - Christian Paetz
- Research Group Biosynthesis/NMR, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (A.R.-S.); (A.D.-L.)
- Correspondence:
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Bridi H, de Carvalho Meirelles G, Lino von Poser G. Subtribe Hyptidinae (Lamiaceae): A promising source of bioactive metabolites. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113225. [PMID: 32763419 PMCID: PMC7403033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The subtribe Hyptidinae contains approximately 400 accepted species distributed in 19 genera (Hyptis, Eriope, Condea, Cantinoa, Mesosphaerum, Cyanocephalus, Hypenia, Hyptidendron, Oocephalus, Medusantha, Gymneia, Marsypianthes, Leptohyptis, Martianthus, Asterohyptis, Eplingiella, Physominthe, Eriopidion and Rhaphiodon). This is the Lamiaceae clade with the largest number of species in Brazil and high rates of endemism. Some species have been used in different parts of the world mainly as insecticides/pest repellents, wound healing and pain-relief agents, as well as for the treatment of respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to discuss the current status concerning the taxonomy, ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and biological properties of species which compose the subtribe Hyptidinae. MATERIALS AND METHODS The available information was collected from scientific databases (ScienceDirect, Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, ChemSpider, SciFinder ACS Publications, Wiley Online Library), as well as other literature sources (e.g. books, theses). RESULTS The phytochemical investigations of plants of this subtribe have led to the identification of almost 300 chemical constituents of different classes such as diterpenes, triterpenes, lignans, α-pyrones, flavonoids, phenolic acids and monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, as components of essential oils. Extracts, essential oils and isolated compounds showed a series of biological activities such as insecticide/repellent, antimicrobial and antinociceptive, justifying some of the popular uses of the plants. In addition, a very relevant fact is that several species produce podophyllotoxin and related lignans. CONCLUSION Several species of Hyptidinae are used in folk medicine for treating many diseases but only a small fraction of the species has been explored and most of the traditional uses have not been validated by current investigations. In addition, the species of the subtribe appear to be very promising as alternative sources of podophyllotoxin-like lignans which are the lead compounds for the semi-synthesis of teniposide and etoposide, important antineoplastic agents. Thus, there is a wide-open door for future studies, both to support the popular uses of the plants and to find new biologically active compounds in this large number of species not yet explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Bridi
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Carvalho Meirelles
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gilsane Lino von Poser
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Darkwah WK, Koomson DA, Miwornunyuie N, Nkoom M, Puplampu JB. Review: phytochemistry and medicinal properties of Solanum torvum fruits. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2020.1817799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Williams Kweku Darkwah
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Environmental Engineering Department, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Desmond Ato Koomson
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Environmental Engineering Department, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Nicholas Miwornunyuie
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Environmental Engineering Department, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Matthew Nkoom
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Environmental Engineering Department, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Joshua Buer Puplampu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Phytochemical investigation and antioxidant activities of methanol extract, methanol fractions and essential oil of Dillenia suffruticosa leaves. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Geck MS, Cristians S, Berger-González M, Casu L, Heinrich M, Leonti M. Traditional Herbal Medicine in Mesoamerica: Toward Its Evidence Base for Improving Universal Health Coverage. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1160. [PMID: 32848768 PMCID: PMC7411306 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of health care in Mesoamerica is influenced by its rich cultural diversity and characterized by social inequalities. Especially indigenous and rural communities confront diverse barriers to accessing formal health services, leading to often conflicting plurimedical systems. Fostering integrative medicine is a fundamental pillar for achieving universal health coverage (UHC) for marginalized populations. Recent developments toward health sovereignty in the region are concerned with assessing the role of traditional medicines, and particularly herbal medicines, to foster accessible and culturally pertinent healthcare provision models. In Mesoamerica, as in most regions of the world, a wealth of information on traditional and complementary medicine has been recorded. Yet these data are often scattered, making it difficult for policy makers to regulate and integrate traditionally used botanical products into primary health care. This critical review is based on a quantitative analysis of 28 survey papers focusing on the traditional use of botanical drugs in Mesoamerica used for the compilation of the "Mesoamerican Medicinal Plant Database" (MAMPDB), which includes a total of 12,537 use-records for 2188 plant taxa. Our approach presents a fundamental step toward UHC by presenting a pharmacological and toxicological review of the cross-culturally salient plant taxa and associated botanical drugs used in traditional medicine in Mesoamerica. Especially for native herbal drugs, data about safety and effectiveness are limited. Commonly used cross-culturally salient botanical drugs, which are considered safe but for which data on effectiveness is lacking constitute ideal candidates for treatment outcome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias S. Geck
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Biovision – Foundation for Ecological Development, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sol Cristians
- Botanical Garden, Institute of Biology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Berger-González
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala, Guatemala
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Heath, Swiss TPH, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Casu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Leonti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Tissue-Specific Metabolite Compositions in Leaf Blade and Traps of Carnivorous Nepenthes Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124376. [PMID: 32575527 PMCID: PMC7352528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nepenthes is a genus of carnivorous plants that evolved a pitfall trap, the pitcher, to catch and digest insect prey to obtain additional nutrients. Each pitcher is part of the whole leaf, together with a leaf blade. These two completely different parts of the same organ were studied separately in a non-targeted metabolomics approach in Nepenthes x ventrata, a robust natural hybrid. The first aim was the analysis and profiling of small (50–1000 m/z) polar and non-polar molecules to find a characteristic metabolite pattern for the particular tissues. Second, the impact of insect feeding on the metabolome of the pitcher and leaf blade was studied. Using UPLC-ESI-qTOF and cheminformatics, about 2000 features (MS/MS events) were detected in the two tissues. They showed a huge chemical diversity, harboring classes of chemical substances that significantly discriminate these tissues. Among the common constituents of N. x ventrata are phenolics, flavonoids and naphthoquinones, namely plumbagin, a characteristic compound for carnivorous Nepenthales, and many yet-unknown compounds. Upon insect feeding, only in pitchers in the polar compounds fraction, small but significant differences could be detected. By further integrating information with cheminformatics approaches, we provide and discuss evidence that the metabolite composition of the tissues can point to their function.
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16
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Nguyen XMA, Bun SS, Ollivier E, Dang TPT. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by K’Ho-Cil people for treatment of diarrhea in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2019.100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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17
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Wound Healing and the Use of Medicinal Plants. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2684108. [PMID: 31662773 PMCID: PMC6778887 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2684108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is the process by which skin repairs itself. It is generally accepted that cutaneous wound healing can be divided into 4 phases: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. In humans, keratinocytes re-form a functional epidermis (reepithelialization) as rapidly as possible, closing the wound and reestablishing tissue homeostasis. Dermal fibroblasts migrate into the wound bed and proliferate, creating “granulation tissue” rich in extracellular matrix proteins and supporting the growth of new blood vessels. Ultimately, this is remodelled over an extended period, returning the injured tissue to a state similar to that before injury. Dysregulation in any phase of the wound healing cascade delays healing and may result in various skin pathologies, including nonhealing, or chronic ulceration. Indigenous and traditional medicines make extensive use of natural products and derivatives of natural products and provide more than half of all medicines consumed today throughout the world. Recognising the important role traditional medicine continues to play, we have undertaken an extensive survey of literature reporting the use of medical plants and plant-based products for cutaneous wounds. We describe the active ingredients, bioactivities, clinical uses, formulations, methods of preparation, and clinical value of 36 medical plant species. Several species stand out, including Centella asiatica, Curcuma longa, and Paeonia suffruticosa, which are popular wound healing products used by several cultures and ethnic groups. The popularity and evidence of continued use clearly indicates that there are still lessons to be learned from traditional practices. Hidden in the myriad of natural products and derivatives from natural products are undescribed reagents, unexplored combinations, and adjunct compounds that could have a place in the contemporary therapeutic inventory.
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Singh D, Siew YY, Chong TI, Yew HC, Ho SSW, Lim CSES, Tan WX, Neo SY, Koh HL. Identification of Phytoconstituents in Leea indica (Burm. F.) Merr. Leaves by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Micro Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040714. [PMID: 30781458 PMCID: PMC6412998 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leea indica (Vitaceae) is a Southeast Asian medicinal plant. In this study, an ethyl acetate fraction of L. indica leaves was studied for its phytoconstituents using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-microTOF-Q-MS/MS) analysis. A total of 31 compounds of different classes, including benzoic acid derivatives, phenolics, flavonoids, catechins, dihydrochalcones, coumarins, megastigmanes, and oxylipins were identified using LC-MS/MS. Among them, six compounds including gallic acid, methyl gallate, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, and 4′,6′-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone 2′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside were isolated and identified by NMR analysis. The LC-MS/MS analysis led to the tentative identification of three novel dihydrochalcones namely 4′,6′-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone 2′-O-rutinoside, 4′,6′-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone 2′-O-glucosylpentoside and 4′,6′-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone 2′-O-(3″-O-galloyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside. The structural identification of novel dihydrochalcones was based on the basic skeleton of the isolated dihydrochalcone, 4′,6′-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone 2′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside and characteristic LC-MS/MS fragmentation patterns. This is the first comprehensive analysis for the identification of compounds from L. indica using LC-MS. A total 24 compounds including three new dihydrochalcones were identified for the first time from the genus Leea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Yin-Yin Siew
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Teck-Ian Chong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Hui-Chuing Yew
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Samuel Shan-Wei Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Claire Sophie En-Shen Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Wei-Xun Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Soek-Ying Neo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Hwee-Ling Koh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Miguel MG. Betalains in Some Species of the Amaranthaceae Family: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E53. [PMID: 29617324 PMCID: PMC5946119 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural pigments are largely distributed in the plant kingdom. They belong to diverse groups, with distinct biochemical pathways. Betalains with colours that range from yellow to red-violet can de divided into two main subgroups: betaxanthins and betacyanins. These types of pigments are confined into 13 families of the order Caryophyllales and in some genera of higher fungi (Amanita muscaria, Hygrocybe and Hygrophorus). The Amaranthaceae family includes diverse genera in which betalains are present: Alternanthera, Amaranthus, Beta, Chenopodium, Celosia and Gomphrena. The biosynthesis of betalains and their general biological properties were reviwed in the present work. In addition, the types of betalains present in some species of the aforementioned genera, their stability and production, as well as biological attributes, were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Graça Miguel
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, MeditBio, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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20
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Bringmann G, Seupel R, Feineis D, Xu M, Zhang G, Kaiser M, Brun R, Seo EJ, Efferth T. Antileukemic ancistrobenomine B and related 5,1′-coupled naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids from the Chinese liana Ancistrocladus tectorius. Fitoterapia 2017; 121:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Sabandar CW, Jalil J, Ahmat N, Aladdin NA. Medicinal uses, chemistry and pharmacology of Dillenia species (Dilleniaceae). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 134:6-25. [PMID: 27889244 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The genus Dillenia is comprised of about 100 species of evergreen and deciduous trees or shrubs of disjunct distribution in the seasonal tropics of Madagascar through South and South East Asia, Malaysia, North Australia, and Fiji. Species from this genus have been widely used in medicinal folklore to treat cancers, wounds, jaundice, fever, cough, diabetes mellitus, and diarrhea as well as hair tonics. The plants of the genus also produce edible fruits and are cultivated as ornamental plants. Flavonoids, triterpenoids, and miscellaneous compounds have been identified in the genus. Their extracts and pure compounds have been reported for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antidiabetes, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, and antiprotozoal activities. Mucilage from their fruits is used in drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla W Sabandar
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Norizan Ahmat
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor-Ashila Aladdin
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Bringmann G, Seupel R, Feineis D, Zhang G, Xu M, Wu J, Kaiser M, Brun R, Seo EJ, Efferth T. Ancistectorine D, a naphthylisoquinoline alkaloid with antiprotozoal and antileukemic activities, and further 5,8'- and 7,1'-linked metabolites from the Chinese liana Ancistrocladus tectorius. Fitoterapia 2016; 115:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zakaria ZA, Jaios ES, Omar MH, Abd. Rahman S, Hamid SSA, Ching SM, Teh LK, Salleh MZ, Deny S, Taher M. Antinociception of petroleum ether fraction derived from crude methanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum leaves and its possible mechanisms of action in animal models. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:488. [PMID: 27899097 PMCID: PMC5129229 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Melastoma malabathricum L. (family Melastomaceae) has been traditionally used as remedies against various ailments including those related to pain. The methanol extract of M. malabathricum leaves has been proven to show antinociceptive activity. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the most effective fraction among the petroleum ether- (PEMM), ethyl acetate- (EAMM) and aqueous- (AQMM) fractions obtained through successive fractionation of crude, dried methanol extract of M. malabathricum (MEMM) and to elucidate the possible mechanisms of antinociception involved. Methods The effectiveness of fractions (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg; orally) were determine using the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction test and the most effective extract was further subjected to the hot plate- or formalin-induced paw licking-test to establish its antinociceptive profile. Further elucidation of the role of opioid and vanilloid receptors, glutamatergic system, and nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine phosphate (NO/cGMP) pathway was also performed using the appropriate nociceptive models while the phytoconstituents analyses were performed using the phytochemical screening test and, HPLC-ESI and GCMS analyses. Results PEMM, EAMM and AQMM significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated acetic acid-induced nociception with the recorded EC50 of 119.5, 125.9 and 352.6 mg/kg. Based on the EC50 value, PEMM was further studied and also exerted significant (p < 0.05) antinociception against the hot plate- and formalin-induced paw licking-test. With regards to the mechanisms of antinociception,: i) PEMM significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated the nociceptive action in capsaicin- and glutamate-induced paw licking test.; ii) naloxone (5 mg/kg), a non-selective opioid antagonist, failed to significantly (p < 0.05) inhibit PEMM’s antinociception iii) L-arginine (a nitric oxide precursor), but not NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl esters (L-NAME; an inhibitor of NO synthase), methylene blue (MB; an inhibitor of cGMP), or their respective combination, significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the antinociception of PEMM. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of several antinociceptive-bearing bioactive compounds, such as triterpenes and volatile compounds like oleoamide and palmitic acid. The presence of low flavonoids, such as gallocatechin and epigallocatechin, saponins and tannins in PEMM might synergistically contribute to enhance the major compounds antinociceptive effect. Conclusion PEMM exerted a non-opioid-mediated antinociceptive activity at the central and peripheral levels via the inhibition of vanilloid receptors and glutamatergic system, and the activation of NO-mediated/cGMP-independent pathway. Triterpenes, as well as volatile oleoamide and palmitic acid, might be responsible for the observed antinociceptive activity of PEMM.
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Plants Producing Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins in Traditional Medicine. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111560. [PMID: 27869738 PMCID: PMC6273415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are enzymes that deadenylate nucleic acids and are broadly distributed in the plant kingdom. Many plants that contain RIPs are listed in the pharmacopoeias of folk medicine all over the world, mostly because of their toxicity. This review analyses the position occupied in traditional medicine by plants from which RIPs have been isolated. The overview starts from the antique age of the Mediterranean area with ancient Egypt, followed by the Greek and Roman classic period. Then, the ancient oriental civilizations of China and India are evaluated. More recently, Unani medicine and European folk medicine are examined. Finally, the African and American folk medicines are taken into consideration. In conclusion, a list of RIP-expressing plants, which have been used in folk medicine, is provided with the geographical distribution and the prescriptions that are recommended by traditional healers. Some final considerations are provided on the present utilization of such herbal treatments, both in developing and developed countries, often in the absence of scientific validation. The most promising prospect for the medicinal use of RIP-expressing plants is the conjugation of purified RIPs to antibodies that recognise tumour antigens for cancer therapy.
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Jaios ES, Abdul Rahman S, Ching SM, Abdul Kadir A, Mohd. Desa MN, Zakaria ZA. Possible mechanisms of antinociception of methanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum leaves. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vallejos-Vidal E, Reyes-López F, Teles M, MacKenzie S. The response of fish to immunostimulant diets. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 56:34-69. [PMID: 27389620 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to maintain fish health and to improve performance immunostimulants have been used as dietary additives to improve weight gain, feed efficiency, and/or disease resistance in cultured fish. In aquaculture, non-specific immunostimulants have been widely used probably due to the limited knowledge of the immune response in fish and the ease of their application. Many studies have been carried out to assess the effect of dietary immunostimulants in fish including algal derivatives, herb and plant extract containing diets using a wide range of downstream analytical techniques. Many immunostimulants are based upon tradition and folklore transferred through generations and specific to certain geographical regions rather than known biological properties. However, there are studies in which it is possible to observe a clear and direct dose-dependent stimulatory effect upon the immune system. Other dietary supplements used contain PAMPs (Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns) as immunostimulants whose recognition depends upon PRR (pathogen recognition receptor) interactions including the TLRs (Toll-like receptor). Despite the growing interest in the use of immunostimulants across the aquaculture industry the underlying mechanisms of ligand recognition, extract composition and activation of the fish immune response remains fragmented. In this review we focus upon the last 15 years of studies addressing the assessment of: (1) plant, herb and algae extracts; and (2) PAMPs, upon non-specific immune parameters of activation and immunostimulant diet efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vallejos-Vidal
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Felipe Reyes-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mariana Teles
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Simon MacKenzie
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA Stirling, UK.
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Wicaksono A, Mursidawati S, Sukamto LA, Teixeira da Silva JA. Rafflesia spp.: propagation and conservation. PLANTA 2016; 244:289-296. [PMID: 27059028 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The propagation of Rafflesia spp. is considered to be important for future development of ornamental and other applications. Thus far, the only successful propagation technique has been grafting. This mini-review succinctly emphasizes what is known about Rafflesia species. Members of the genus Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae), which are holoparasitic plants known to grow on a host vine, Tetrastigma sp., are widely spread from the Malayan Peninsula to various islands throughout Indonesia. The plant's geographical distribution as well as many other aspects pertaining to the basic biology of this genus have still not been studied. The young flower buds and flowers of wild Rafflesia hasseltii Suringar, Rafflesia keithii Meijer and Rafflesia cantleyi Solms-Laubach are used in local (Malaysia and Indonesia) traditional ethnomedicine as wound-healing agents, but currently no formal published research exists to validate this property. To maintain a balance between its ethnomedicinal and ornamental use, and conservation, Rafflesia spp. must be artificially cultivated to prevent overexploitation. A successful method of vegetative propagation is by host grafting using Rafflesia-impregnated Tetrastigma onto the stem of a normal Tetrastigma plant. Due to difficulties with culture contamination in vitro, callus induction was only accomplished in 2010 for the first time when picloram and 2,4-D were added to a basal Murashige and Skoog medium, and the tissue culture of holoparasitic plants continues to be extremely difficult. Seeds harvested from fertile fruit may serve as a possible method to propagate Rafflesia spp. This paper provides a brief synthesis on what is known about research related to Rafflesia spp. The objective is to further stimulate researchers to examine, through rigorous scientific discovery, the mechanisms underlying the ethnomedicinal properties, the flowering mechanisms, and suitable in vitro regeneration protocols that would allow for the fortification of germplasm conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhityo Wicaksono
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Paper Coating and Converting, Centre for Functional Material, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Sofi Mursidawati
- Center for Plant Conservation, Bogor Botanical Garden, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Ir. Juanda no. 13, Bogor, 16003, Indonesia
| | - Lazarus A Sukamto
- Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
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Jaradat NA, Ayesh OI, Anderson C. Ethnopharmacological survey about medicinal plants utilized by herbalists and traditional practitioner healers for treatments of diarrhea in the West Bank/Palestine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 182:57-66. [PMID: 26883246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Folk herbal medicine knowledge and its utilization by aboriginal cultures are not only useful for conservation of cultural traditions and biodiversity, but also useful for community healthcare and drug discovery in the present and in the future. AIM OF THE STUDY Using a semi-structured questionnaire, an ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used for treatment of diarrhea in the West Bank/Palestine was investigated. RESULTS Information about fifty medicinal plants used for treatment of diarrhea, including the names of plants, parts used, mode and methods of preparation was obtained from 100 traditional healers and herbalists. This research is the first scientific work in the Middle East to collect data about plants used by traditional healers for treatments of diarrhea and their evidence based effects against this disease. The fidelity levels were 97% for Salvia fruticosa, Teucrium polium and Musa paradisiaca, 95% for Camellia sinensis and Aegle marmelos, 79% for Oryza sativa and Solanum tuberosum, 77% for Quercus boissieri, 66% for Psidium guajava, 56% for Anthemis palestina, 54% for Solanum nigrum and 52% for Juglans regia while the highest use and choice values were for S. fruticosa, T. polium and M. paradisiaca as well as the factor of informant's consensus for medicinal plants used for treatment of diarrhea was 0.505.The leaves were the most commonly used parts, followed by fruits, roots and rhizomes, while decoctions and infusions are the preferred methods of preparation. CONCLUSIONS The Palestinian traditional medicine is rich with herbal remedies for treatment of diarrhea in comparison with other countries, but most of these herbal remedies lack standard in-vitro and in-vivo evaluations to establish their antidiarrheal effects. Therefore, the information obtained can serve as a basis for further phytochemical and pharmacological studies to determine their efficacy and safety which might contribute to a better integration of Palestinian traditional medicine into the national health system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidal Amin Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Ola Ibrahim Ayesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Cynthia Anderson
- English Language Center, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
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Nguta JM, Appiah-Opong R, Nyarko AK, Yeboah-Manu D, Addo PGA, Otchere I, Kissi-Twum A. Antimycobacterial and cytotoxic activity of selected medicinal plant extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 182:10-5. [PMID: 26875647 PMCID: PMC4801013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains an ongoing threat to human health. Several medicinal plants are used traditionally to treat tuberculosis in Ghana. The current study was designed to investigate the antimycobacterial activity and cytotoxicity of crude extracts from five selected medicinal plants. MATERIAL AND METHODS The microplate alamar blue assay (MABA) was used for antimycobacterial studies while the CellTiter 96® AQueous Assay, which is composed of solutions of a novel tetrazolium compound [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt; MTS] and an electron coupling reagent (phenazine methosulfate) PMS, was used for cytotoxic studies. Correlation coefficients were used to compare the activity of crude extracts against nonpathogenic strains and the pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp.tuberculosis. RESULTS Results of the MIC determinations indicated that all the crude extracts were active on all the three tested mycobacterial strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration values as low as 156.3µg/mL against M. tuberculosis; Strain H37Ra (ATCC® 25,177™) were recorded from the leaves of Solanum torvum Sw. (Solanaceae). Cytotoxicity of the extracts varied, and the leaves from S. torvum had the most promising selectivity index. Activity against M. tuberculosis; Strain H37Ra was the best predictor of activity against pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp.tuberculosis (correlation coefficient=0.8). CONCLUSION The overall results of the present study provide supportive data on the use of some medicinal plants for tuberculosis treatment. The leaves of Solanum torvum are a potential source of anti-TB natural products and deserve further investigations to develop novel anti-TB agents against sensitive and drug resistant strains of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Nguta
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana; Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Regina Appiah-Opong
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Alexander K Nyarko
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Phyllis G A Addo
- Department of Animal Experimentation, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Isaac Otchere
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Abena Kissi-Twum
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
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Wan Nor Hafiza WAG, Yazan LS, Tor YS, Foo JB, Armania N, Rahman HS. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptotic pathway and mitochondrial dysregulation in HeLa cells treated with dichloromethane extract of Dillenia suffruticosa. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:S86-95. [PMID: 27041866 PMCID: PMC4792007 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.176107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethyl acetate and dichloromethane extract of Dillenia suffruticosa (EADS and DCMDS, respectively) can be a potential anticancer agent. The effects of EADS and DCMDS on the growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells and the expression of apoptotic-related proteins had been investigated in vitro. Cytotoxicity of the extracts toward the cells was determined by 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, the effects on cell cycle progression and the mode of cell death were analyzed by flow cytometry technique, while the effects on apoptotic-related genes and proteins were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Treatment with DCMDS inhibited (P < 0.05) proliferation and induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. The expression of cyclin B1 was downregulated that led to G2/M arrest in the cells after treatment with DCMDA. In summary, DCMDS induced apoptosis in HeLa cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptotic pathway and dysregulation of mitochondria. The data suggest the potential application of DCMDS in the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Abd Ghani Wan Nor Hafiza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; College of Medical Laboratory Technology, Institute for Medical Research, Jin Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Latifah Saiful Yazan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yin Sim Tor
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurdin Armania
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Yazan LS, Ong YS, Zaaba NE, Ali RM, Foo JB, Tor YS. Anti-breast cancer properties and toxicity of Dillenia suffruticosa root aqueous extract in BALB/c mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Lee JS, Ahn JH, Cho YJ, Kim HY, Yang YI, Lee KT, Jang DS, Choi JH. α-Terthienylmethanol, isolated from Eclipta prostrata, induces apoptosis by generating reactive oxygen species via NADPH oxidase in human endometrial cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 169:426-34. [PMID: 25940205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eclipta prostrate L. (syn. E. alba Hassk), commonly known as False Daisy, has been used in traditional medicine in Asia to treat a variety of diseases, including cancer. Although an anti-tumor effect has been suggested for E. prostrata, the exact anti-tumor effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of its bioactive compounds are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify compounds with anti-cancer activity from E. prostrata and to investigate their mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess cell viability, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis, we performed MTT assays and FACS analysis using Annexin and PI staining. We also investigated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and caspase activation using flow cytometry and Western blot analysis, respectively. Cytosolic translocation of cytochrome c was measured using an ELISA kit. Antioxidants, MAPK signaling inhibitors, NADPH oxidase inhibitors, and siRNA were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of action of the compound. RESULTS We isolated five terthiophenes from the n-hexane fraction of E. prostrata; of these, α-terthienylmethanol possessed potent cytotoxic activity against human endometrial cancer cells (Hec1A and Ishikawa) (IC50<1μM). The growth inhibitory effect of α-terthienylmethanol was mediated by the induction of apoptosis, as shown by the accumulation of sub-G1 and apoptotic cells. In addition, α-terthienylmethanol triggered caspase activation and cytochrome c release into the cytosol in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, α-terthienylmethanol increased the intracellular level of ROS and decreased that of GSH, and the antioxidants N-acetyl-l-cysteine and catalase significantly attenuated α-terthienylmethanol-induced apoptosis. We further demonstrated that inhibition of the NADPH oxidase attenuated α-terthienylmethanol-induced cell death and ROS accumulation in endometrial cancer cells. CONCLUSION Overall, these results suggest that α-terthienylmethanol, a naturally occurring terthiophene isolated from E. prostrata, induces apoptosis in human endometrial cancer cells by ROS production, partially via NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Seung Lee
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Ahn
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Jin Cho
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ha-Yeong Kim
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeong-In Yang
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Jang
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Foo JB, Saiful Yazan L, Tor YS, Wibowo A, Ismail N, How CW, Armania N, Loh SP, Ismail IS, Cheah YK, Abdullah R. Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by betulinic acid-rich fraction from Dillenia suffruticosa root in MCF-7 cells involved p53/p21 and mitochondrial signalling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 166:270-278. [PMID: 25797115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dillenia suffruticosa (Family: Dilleniaceae) or commonly known as "Simpoh air" in Malaysia, is traditionally used for treatment of cancerous growth including breast cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY D. suffruticosa root dichloromethane extract (DCM-DS) has been reported to induce G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in caspase-3 deficient MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The present study was designed to investigate the involvement of p53/p21 and mitochondrial pathway in DCM-DS-treated MCF-7 cells as well as to identify the bioactive compounds responsible for the cytotoxicity of DCM-DS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extraction of D. suffruticosa root was performed by the use of sequential solvent procedure. GeXP-based multiplex system was employed to investigate the expression of p53, p21, Bax and Bcl-2 genes in MCF-7 cells treated with DCM-DS. The protein expression was then determined using Western blot analysis. The bioactive compounds present in DCM-DS were isolated by using column chromatography. The structure of the compounds was elucidated by using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds towards MCF-7 cells was evaluated by using MTT assay. The percentage of betulinic acid (BA) in DCM-DS was determined by HPLC analysis. RESULTS The expression of p53 was significantly up-regulated at protein level. The expression of p21 at both gene and protein levels was significantly up-regulated upon treatment with DCM-DS, suggesting that the induction of G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells was via p53/p21 pathway. Bcl-2 protein was down-regulated with no change at the mRNA level, postulating that post-translational modification has occurred resulting in the degradation of Bcl-2 protein. Overall, treatment with DCM-DS increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 that drove the cells to undergo apoptosis. A total of 3 triterpene compounds were isolated from DCM-DS. Betulinic acid appears to be the most major and most cytotoxic compound in DCM-DS. CONCLUSION DCM-DS induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells via p53/p21 pathway. In addition, DCM-DS induced apoptosis by increasing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Betulinic acid, which is one of the major compounds, is responsible for the cytotoxicity of the DCM-DS. Therefore, BA can be used as a marker for standardisation of herbal product from D. suffruticosa. DCM-DS can also be employed as BA-rich extract from roots of D. suffruticosa for the management of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhi Biau Foo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Latifah Saiful Yazan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yin Sim Tor
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Agustono Wibowo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norsharina Ismail
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurdin Armania
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Su Peng Loh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Laboratory of Natural Product, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Kqueen Cheah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Zakaria ZA, Balan T, Mamat SS, Mohtarrudin N, Kek TL, Salleh MZ. Mechanisms of gastroprotection of methanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum leaves. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:135. [PMID: 25927982 PMCID: PMC4487837 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melastoma malabathricum L. (Melastomaceae) is a small shrub with various medicinal uses. The present study was carried out to determine the gastroprotective mechanisms of methanol extract of M. malabathricum leaves (MEMM) in rats. METHODS The extract's mechanisms of gastroprotection (50, 250, 500 mg/kg) were studied using the pylorus-ligation in rat model wherein volume, pH, free and total acidity of gastric juice, and gastric wall mucus content were determined. The involvement of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and sulfhydryl (SH) compounds in the gastroprotective effect of MEMM were also measured. MEMM was subjected to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and phytochemical analysis and HPLC profiling. RESULTS MEMM contained various phyto-constituents with quercitrin being identified as part of them. MEMM and quercitrin: i) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the volume and acidity of gastric juice while increasing the pH and gastric wall mucus content.; ii) significantly (p < 0.05) increased the level of SOD, GTP and GTR while significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the level of CAT, MPO and TBARS activities.; iii) exerted gastroprotective activity when assessed using the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer assay, which was reversed by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl esters (L-NAME; an inhibitor of NO synthase) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM; a sulfhydryl (SH) blocker). MEMM inhibited the lipoxygenase (LOX) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities with the highest affinity for the former while quercitrin showed high affinity for XO activity. CONCLUSIONS MEMM exhibited a gastroprotective activity due partly to the presence of quercitrin, its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and via the modulation of NO and SH groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Halal Product Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Tavamani Balan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Syariah Mamat
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Norhafizah Mohtarrudin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Teh Lay Kek
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Zaki Salleh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Kim HY, Kim HM, Ryu B, Lee JS, Choi JH, Jang DS. Constituents of the aerial parts of Eclipta prostrata and their cytotoxicity on human ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:1963-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Machana S, Weerapreeyakul N, Barusrux S. Anticancer effect of the extracts from Polyalthia evecta against human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:368-74. [PMID: 23569932 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anticancer activity of Polyalthia evecta (P. evecta) (Pierre) Finet & Gagnep against human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). METHODS The anticancer activity was based on (a) the cytotoxicity against human hepatoma cells (HepG2) assessed using a neutral red assay and (b) apoptosis induction determined by evaluation of nuclei morphological changes after DAPI staining. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the crude extract was assessed by HPLC analysis. RESULTS The 50% ethanol-water crude leaf extract of P. evecta (EW-L) showed greater potential anticancer activity with high cytotoxicity [IC50 = (62.8 ± 7.3)µg/mL] and higher selectivity in HepG2 cells than normal Vero cells [selective index (SI) = 7.9]. The SI of EW-L was higher than the positive control, melphalan (SI = 1.6) and the apoptotic cells (46.4 ± 2.6) % induced by EW-L was higher than the melphalan (41.6 ± 2.1)% (P<0.05). The HPLC chromatogram of the EW-L revealed the presence of various kinds of polyphenolics and flavonoids in it. CONCLUSIONS P. evecta is a potential plant with anticancer activity. The isolation of pure compounds and determination of the bioactivity of individual compounds will be further performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasipawan Machana
- Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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Gwee PS, Khoo KS, Ong HC, Sit NW. Bioactivity-guided isolation and structural characterization of the antifungal compound, plumbagin, from Nepenthes gracilis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:1526-31. [PMID: 25026359 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.902083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite several phytochemical studies of Nepenthes gracilis Korth (Nepenthaceae), the biological activities of this pitcher plant remain to be explored. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the antifungal activity of N. gracilis extracts, isolates, and characterizes its bioactive compound and evaluates the cytotoxicity of the isolated compound. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh leaves of N. gracilis were sequentially extracted. The fungistatic and fungicidal activities of the extracts were evaluated against six species of fungi of medical importance using a colorimetric broth microdilution method. The most active extract was fractionated by liquid-liquid partitioning and further purified by a preparative thin layer chromatography. Structural elucidation was carried out using FT-IR, GC-MS, and NMR. Cytotoxicity testing against rhesus monkey kidney epithelial cells (LLC-MK2) was assessed by a neutral red uptake (NRU) assay. RESULTS The hexane extract, which showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), both at 20 μg/mL against Candida albicans, Issatchenkia orientalis, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, was subjected to bioactivity-guided fractionation. The isolated compound exhibited potent activity with the MIC values ranging from 2 to 31 μg/mL against all the fungi. The active compound was identified as plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-naphthalene-1,4-dione). The 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) of plumbagin was 0.60 μg/mL. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The selectivity indices of plumbagin against all the fungi were less than 1.0, indicating that plumbagin is more toxic to mammalian than fungal cells. This study provides information on the antifungal properties of N. gracilis leaf extracts, as well as the antifungal and cytotoxicity properties of plumbagin.
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Saiful Yazan L, Armania N. Dillenia species: A review of the traditional uses, active constituents and pharmacological properties from pre-clinical studies. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:890-897. [PMID: 24766363 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.872672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dillenia (Dilleniaceae) is a genus of about 100 species of flowering plants in tropical and subtropical trees of Southern Asia, Australasia, and the Indian Ocean Islands. Until now, only eight Dillenia species have been reported to be used traditionally in different countries for various medical purposes. Out of eight species, D. pentagyna (Roxb), D. indica (Linn.) and D. suffruticosa (Griffith Ex. Hook. F. & Thomsom Martelli) have been reported to be used to treat cancerous growth. OBJECTIVE The present review explored and provided information on the therapeutic potential of Dillenia species. METHODS Comprehensive and relevant literature on the therapeutic potential of Dillenia species was gathered through electronic databases including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and books, without limiting the dates of publication. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The review demonstrated that only a few Dillenia species have been proven scientifically for their therapeutic potential in pre-clinical studies, including D. pentagyna, D. indica, D. papuana (Martelli), D. meliosmifolia (Hook. F. Ex. Thomsom) and D. suffruticosa (Griffith Ex Hook. F. & Thomson). A few species of Dillenia have undergone isolation and characterization of compounds with lupeol and betulinic acids having tremendous pharmacological potential. Dillenia species warrant further studies on their therapeutic potential, which may eventually lead to the development of new drug candidates for treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifah Saiful Yazan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia and
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Foo JB, Yazan LS, Tor YS, Armania N, Ismail N, Imam MU, Yeap SK, Cheah YK, Abdullah R, Ismail M. Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in caspase-3 deficient MCF-7 cells by Dillenia suffruticosa root extract via multiple signalling pathways. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:197. [PMID: 24947113 PMCID: PMC4096536 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dillenia suffruticosa root dichloromethane extract (DCM-DS) has been reported to exhibit strong cytotoxicity towards breast cancer cells. The present study was designed to investigate the cell cycle profile, mode of cell death and signalling pathways of DCM-DS-treated human caspase-3 deficient MCF-7 breast cancer cells. METHODS Dillenia suffruticosa root was extracted by sequential solvent extraction. The anti-proliferative activity of DCM-DS was determined by using MTT assay. The mode of cell death was evaluated by using inverted light microscope and Annexin-V/PI-flow cytometry analysis. Cell cycle analysis and measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were performed by using flow cytometry. MCF-7 cells were co-treated with antioxidants α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid to evaluate whether the cell death was mainly due to oxidative stress. GeXP-based multiplex system was employed to investigate the expression of apoptotic, growth and survival genes in MCF-7 cells. Western blot analysis was performed to confirm the expression of the genes. RESULTS DCM-DS was cytotoxic to the MCF-7 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values of DCM-DS at 24, 48 and 72 hours were 20.3 ± 2.8, 17.8 ± 1.5 and 15.5 ± 0.5 μg/mL, respectively. Cell cycle analysis revealed that DCM-DS induced G0/G1 and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells at low concentration (12.5 and 25 μg/mL) and high concentration (50 μg/mL), respectively. Although Annexin-V/PI-flow cytometry analysis has confirmed that DCM-DS induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, the distinct characteristics of apoptosis such as membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation and formation of apoptotic bodies were not observed under microscope. DCM-DS induced formation of ROS in MCF-7 cells. Nevertheless, co-treatment with antioxidants did not attenuate the cell death at low concentration of DCM-DS. The pro-apoptotic gene JNK was up-regulated whereby anti-apoptotic genes AKT1 and ERK1/2 were down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis has confirmed that DCM-DS significantly up-regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic JNK1, pJNK and down-regulated anti-apoptotic AKT1, ERK1 in MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSION DCM-DS induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells via multiple signalling pathways. It shows the potential of DCM-DS to be developed to target the cancer cells with mutant caspase-3.
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Puttipan R, Okonogi S. Antioxidant activity of Rafflesia kerrii flower extract. Drug Discov Ther 2014; 8:18-24. [PMID: 24647154 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.8.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Rafflesia kerrii has been used in Thai traditional remedies for treatment of several diseases. However, scientific data particularly on biological activities of this plant is very rare. The present study explores an antioxidant activity of R. kerrii flower (RKF). Extracting solvent and extraction procedure were found to play an important role on the activity of RKF extract. The extract obtained from water-ethanol system showed higher antioxidant activity than that from water-propylene glycol system. Fractionated extraction using different solvents revealed that methanol fractionated extract (RM) possessed the highest antioxidant activity with Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and inhibitory concentration of 50% inhibition (IC50) values of approximately 39 mM/mg and 3 μg/mL, respectively. Phytochemical assays demonstrated that RM contained extremely high quantity of phenolic content with gallic antioxidant equivalent (GAE) and quercetin equivalent (QE) values of approximately 312 mg/g and 16 mg/g, respectively. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV- VIS) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicated that gallic acid was a major component. RM which was stored at 40°C, 75% RH for 4 months showed slightly significant change (p < 0.05) in phytochemical content and antioxidant activity with zero order degradation. The results of this study could be concluded that R. kerrii flower was a promising natural source of strong antioxidant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinrampai Puttipan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University
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Tor YS, Yazan LS, Foo JB, Armania N, Cheah YK, Abdullah R, Imam MU, Ismail N, Ismail M. Induction of apoptosis through oxidative stress-related pathways in MCF-7, human breast cancer cells, by ethyl acetate extract of Dillenia suffruticosa. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:55. [PMID: 24524627 PMCID: PMC3927215 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the most dreading types of cancer among women. Herbal medicine has becoming a potential source of treatment for breast cancer. Herbal plant Dillenia suffruticosa (Griff) Martelli under the family Dilleniaceae has been traditionally used to treat cancerous growth. In this study, the anticancer effect of ethyl acetate extract of D. suffruticosa (EADs) was examined on human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 and the molecular pathway involved was elucidated. Methods EADs was obtained from the root of D. suffruticosa by using sequential solvent extraction. Cytotoxicity was determined by using MTT assay, mode of cell death by cell cycle analysis and apoptosis induction by Annexin-FITC/PI assay. Morphology changes in cells were observed under inverted light microscope. Involvement of selected genes in the oxidative stress-mediated signaling pathway was explored using multiplex gene expression analysis. Results The treatment of EADs caused cytotoxicity to MCF-7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner at 24, 48 and 72 hours with IC50 of 76 ± 2.3, 58 ± 0.7 and 39 ± 3.6 μg/mL, respectively. The IC50 of tamoxifen-treated MCF-7 cells was 8 ± 0.5 μg/mL. Induction of apoptosis by EADs was dose- and time- dependent. EADs induced non-phase specific cell cycle arrest at different concentration and time point. The multiplex mRNA expression study indicated that EADs-induced apoptosis was accompanied by upregulation of the expression of SOD1, SOD2, NF-κB, p53, p38 MAPK, and catalase, but downregulation of Akt1. Conclusion It is suggested that EADs induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by modulating numerous genes which are involved in oxidative stress pathway. Therefore, EADs has the potential to act as an effective intervention against breast cancer cells.
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Mogana R, Teng-Jin K, Wiart C. The Medicinal Timber Canarium patentinervium Miq. (Burseraceae Kunth.) Is an Anti-Inflammatory Bioresource of Dual Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX). ISRN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 2013:986361. [PMID: 25937987 PMCID: PMC4393036 DOI: 10.5402/2013/986361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The barks and leaves extracts of Canarium patentinervium Miq. (Burseraceae Kunth.) were investigated for cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition via in vitro models. The corresponding antioxidative power of the plant extract was also tested via nonenzyme and enzyme in vitro assays. The ethanolic extract of leaves inhibited the enzymatic activity of 5-LOX, COX-1, and COX-2 with IC50 equal to 49.66 ± 0.02 μg/mL, 0.60 ± 0.01 μg/mL, and 1.07 ± 0.01 μg/mL, respectively, with selective COX-2 activity noted in ethanolic extract of barks with COX-1/COX-2 ratio of 1.22. The ethanol extract of barks confronted oxidation in the ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assay with EC50 values equal to 0.93 ± 0.01 μg/mL, 2.33 ± 0.02 μg/mL, and 67.00 ± 0.32 μg/mL, respectively, while the ethanol extract of leaves confronted oxidation in β-carotene bleaching assay and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay with EC50 value of 6.04 ± 0.02 μg/mL and IC50 value of 3.05 ± 0.01 μg/mL. The ethanol extract acts as a dual inhibitor of LOX and COX enzymes with potent antioxidant capacity. The clinical significance of these data is quite clear that they support a role for Canarium patentinervium Miq. (Burseraceae Kunth.) as a source of lead compounds in the management of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mogana
- Center for Natural and Medicinal Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Jln Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - K Teng-Jin
- Center for Natural and Medicinal Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Jln Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - C Wiart
- Center for Natural and Medicinal Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Jln Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Shu W, Wu C, Zhang Y, Ye WC, Zhou G. Two new steroidal glycosides isolated from the aerial part of Solanum torvum Swartz. Nat Prod Res 2013; 27:1982-6. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.811406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weihu Shu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chun Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guangxiong Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Which approach is more effective in the selection of plants with antimicrobial activity? EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:308980. [PMID: 23878595 PMCID: PMC3710641 DOI: 10.1155/2013/308980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of the present study was based on selections using random, direct ethnopharmacological, and indirect ethnopharmacological approaches, aiming to evaluate which method is the best for bioprospecting new antimicrobial plant drugs. A crude extract of 53 species of herbaceous plants collected in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil was tested against 11 microorganisms. Well-agar diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) techniques were used. Ten extracts from direct, six from random, and three from indirect ethnopharmacological selections exhibited activities that ranged from weak to very active against the organisms tested. The strain most susceptible to the evaluated extracts was Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC analysis revealed the best result for the direct ethnopharmacological approach, considering that some species yielded extracts classified as active or moderately active (MICs between 250 and 1000 µg/mL). Furthermore, one species from this approach inhibited the growth of the three Candida strains. Thus, it was concluded that the direct ethnopharmacological approach is the most effective when selecting species for bioprospecting new plant drugs with antimicrobial activities.
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Mogana R, Teng-Jin K, Wiart C. Anti-Inflammatory, Anticholinesterase, and Antioxidant Potential of Scopoletin Isolated from Canarium patentinervium Miq. (Burseraceae Kunth). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:734824. [PMID: 23878606 PMCID: PMC3708431 DOI: 10.1155/2013/734824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay guided fractionation of an ethanol extract of leaves of Canarium patentinervium Miq. (Burseraceae Kunth.) led to the isolation of scopoletin. The structure of this coumarin was elucidated based on spectroscopic methods including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR-1D and 2D) and mass spectrometry. Scopoletin inhibited the enzymatic activity of 5-lipoxygenase and acetyl cholinesterase with an IC50 equal to 1.76 ± 0.01 μ M and 0.27 ± 0.02 mM, respectively, and confronted oxidation in the ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and β -carotene bleaching assay with EC50 values equal to 5.62 ± 0.03 μ M, 0.19 ± 0.01 mM, 0.25 ± 0.03 mM and 0.65 ± 0.07 mM, respectively. Given the aforementioned evidence, it is tempting to speculate that scopoletin represents an exciting scaffold from which to develop leads for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Mogana
- Center for Natural and Medicinal Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - K. Teng-Jin
- Center for Natural and Medicinal Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - C. Wiart
- Center for Natural and Medicinal Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Mustaffa F, Indurkar J, Shah M, Ismail S, Mansor SM. Review on pharmacological activities ofCinnamomum inersReinw. ex Blume. Nat Prod Res 2013; 27:888-95. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.678347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Armania N, Yazan LS, Musa SN, Ismail IS, Foo JB, Chan KW, Noreen H, Hisyam AH, Zulfahmi S, Ismail M. Dillenia suffruticosa exhibited antioxidant and cytotoxic activity through induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:525-535. [PMID: 23353897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dillenia suffruticosa (Family: Dilleniaceae) locally known as Simpoh air has been reported to be used traditionally to treat cancerous growth. Therefore, the present study was attempted to investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of different parts (root, flower, fruit and leaf) of D. suffruticosa extracts. METHODS AND MATERIALS In this study, direct solvent extraction (aqueous and methanol) from different parts of D. suffruticosa (root, flower, fruit and leaf) were carried out. Antioxidant activities of D. suffruticosa extract were determined by using DPPH, ABTS FRAP and β-carotene bleaching assays. Cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest of the active extract were determined using MTT assay and flow cytometer, respectively. Sequential solvent extraction (hexane, DCM, EtOAc, and MeOH) were also carried out in root of D. suffruticosa to further evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the different solvent extracts. RESULTS Methanol (MeOH) root extract showed the highest TPC, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities (especially towards HeLa) compared to others (P<0.05). Based on the results, sequential solvent extraction (hexane, DCM, EtOAc and MeOH) was carried out in the roots of D. suffruticosa. MeOH extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activities among others and significantly correlated (P<0.05) with TPC, suggesting the important contribution of phenolic compounds to its antioxidant activity. On the other hand, the DCM and EtOAc exhibited higher cytotoxic activity to selected cancer cells (HeLa, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, A549 and HT29) compared to others. In short, there is no established correlation between antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of D. suffruticosa extracts indicating that an agent with high antioxidant activities will not necessarily possesses good cytotoxic activities in return. Qualitative phytochemical screening of D. suffruticosa extracts suggested the presence of saponins, triterpenes, sterols, and polyphenolic compounds which are believed to contribute to the cytotoxic activities. CONCLUSION It is suggested that the cytotoxicity of the active extracts in HeLa was due to the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurdin Armania
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Verdan MH, Stefanello MÉA. Secondary Metabolites and Biological Properties of Gesneriaceae Species. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:2701-31. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Din WM, Jin KT, Ramli R, Khaithir TMN, Wiart C. Antibacterial Effects of Ellagitannins fromAcalypha wilkesianavar.macafeanahort.: Surface Morphology Analysis with Environmental Scanning Electron Microcopy and Synergy with Antibiotics. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1313-20. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wardah Mustafa Din
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science; The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Malaysia
| | - Khoo Teng Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science; The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Malaysia
| | - Ramliza Ramli
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Malaysia
| | | | - Christophe Wiart
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science; The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Malaysia
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