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Yasgar A, Bougie D, Eastman RT, Huang R, Itkin M, Kouznetsova J, Lynch C, McKnight C, Miller M, Ngan DK, Peryea T, Shah P, Shinn P, Xia M, Xu X, Zakharov AV, Simeonov A. Quantitative Bioactivity Signatures of Dietary Supplements and Natural Products. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:683-701. [PMID: 37200814 PMCID: PMC10186358 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dietary supplements and natural products are often marketed as safe and effective alternatives to conventional drugs, but their safety and efficacy are not well regulated. To address the lack of scientific data in these areas, we assembled a collection of Dietary Supplements and Natural Products (DSNP), as well as Traditional Chinese Medicinal (TCM) plant extracts. These collections were then profiled in a series of in vitro high-throughput screening assays, including a liver cytochrome p450 enzyme panel, CAR/PXR signaling pathways, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transporter assay activities. This pipeline facilitated the interrogation of natural product-drug interaction (NaPDI) through prominent metabolizing pathways. In addition, we compared the activity profiles of the DSNP/TCM substances with those of an approved drug collection (the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection or NPC). Many of the approved drugs have well-annotated mechanisms of action (MOAs), while the MOAs for most of the DSNP and TCM samples remain unknown. Based on the premise that compounds with similar activity profiles tend to share similar targets or MOA, we clustered the library activity profiles to identify overlap with the NPC to predict the MOAs of the DSNP/TCM substances. Our results suggest that many of these substances may have significant bioactivity and potential toxicity, and they provide a starting point for further research on their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Yasgar
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Danielle Bougie
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Richard T Eastman
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Misha Itkin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Jennifer Kouznetsova
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Caitlin Lynch
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Crystal McKnight
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Mitch Miller
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Deborah K Ngan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Tyler Peryea
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Pranav Shah
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Paul Shinn
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Xin Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Alexey V Zakharov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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Houghton JW, Carpenter G, Hans J, Pesaro M, Lynham S, Proctor G. Agonists of Orally Expressed TRP Channels Stimulate Salivary Secretion and Modify the Salivary Proteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1664-1676. [PMID: 32651226 PMCID: PMC8014997 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds that can stimulate salivary secretion are of interest in developing treatments for xerostomia, the perception of a dry mouth, that affects between 10 and 30% of the adult and elderly population. Chemesthetic transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are expressed in the surface of the oral mucosa. The TRPV1 agonists capsaicin and piperine have been shown to increase salivary flow when introduced into the oral cavity but the sialogogic properties of other TRP channel agonists have not been investigated. In this study we have determined the influence of different TRP channel agonists on the flow and protein composition of saliva. Mouth rinsing with the TRPV1 agonist nonivamide or menthol, a TRPM8 agonist, increased whole mouth saliva (WMS) flow and total protein secretion compared with unstimulated saliva, the vehicle control mouth rinse or cinnamaldehyde, a TRPA1 agonist. Nonivamide also increased the flow of labial minor gland saliva but parotid saliva flow rate was not increased. The influence of TRP channel agonists on the composition and function of the salivary proteome was investigated using a multi-batch quantitative MS method novel to salivary proteomics. Inter-personal and inter-mouth rinse variation was observed in the secreted proteomes and, using a novel bioinformatics method, inter-day variation was identified with some of the mouth rinses. Significant changes in specific salivary proteins were identified after all mouth rinses. In the case of nonivamide, these changes were attributed to functional shifts in the WMS secreted, primarily the over representation of salivary and nonsalivary cystatins which was confirmed by immunoassay. This study provides new evidence of the impact of TRP channel agonists on the salivary proteome and the stimulation of salivary secretion by a TRPM8 channel agonist, which suggests that TRP channel agonists are potential candidates for developing treatments for sufferers of xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack William Houghton
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Guy Carpenter
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Steven Lynham
- Proteomics Facility, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gordon Proctor
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Luo L, Dong L, Huang Q, Ma S, Fantke P, Li J, Jiang J, Fitzgerald M, Yang J, Jia Z, Zhang J, Wang H, Dai Y, Zhu G, Xing Z, Liang Y, Li M, Wei G, Song J, Wei J, Peng C, Zhang H, Zhang W, Wang S, Mizuno K, Marco AAG, Wu L, Xu J, Xiong C, Chen S. Detection and risk assessments of multi-pesticides in 1771 cultivated herbal medicines by LC/MS-MS and GC/MS-MS. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 262:127477. [PMID: 32799136 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Focus on the safety of herbal medicines has mainly been directed towards the presence of intrinsic toxicity, as found in the cases of renal and hepatic dysfunction caused by aristolochic acids. However, contamination from extrinsic hazards may impart an even greater reduction in their safety and efficacy. This study reveals that pesticides were present in the majority (88%) of a comprehensive cross-section (n = 1771) of herbal medicine samples. Alarmingly, more than half (59%) contained pesticides over the European Pharmacopoeia (EP) limit, and 43% of them contained 35 varieties of banned, extremely toxic pesticides, eight of which were detected at levels over 500 times higher than the default Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). DDTs, carbofuran, and mevinphos were confirmed as being among the most risk-inducing pesticides by three different risk assessment methods, reported to produce carcinogenic, genotoxic, reproductive, and developmental effects, in addition to carrying nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. In light of these findings, and withstanding that extrinsic hazards can be controlled unlike intrinsic toxicity, the authors here strongly recommend the application of herbal medicine quality-control measures and solutions to safeguard against a neglected but certainly potentially serious health risk posed to the majority of the global population that consumes herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Luo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Linlin Dong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Qin Huang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jianhui Li
- Waters Technologies Shanghai Limited, Block 13, City of Elite, 1000 Jinhai Road, Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 201206, PR China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Martin Fitzgerald
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, W1W 6UW, London, UK
| | - Jane Yang
- Waters Technologies Shanghai Limited, Block 13, City of Elite, 1000 Jinhai Road, Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 201206, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Jia
- Waters Technologies Shanghai Limited, Block 13, City of Elite, 1000 Jinhai Road, Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 201206, PR China
| | - Jiqing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Yuntao Dai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Zhihan Xing
- College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 William T. Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125-3393, USA
| | - Yichuan Liang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Mengzhi Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Guangfei Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Kaito Mizuno
- Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1, Kishioka, Suzuka, 510-0293, Japan
| | - Alarcon Arauco Gian Marco
- Intelligence of Science and Technology, School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Lan Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Chao Xiong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
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Activation of Sirtuin1 by lyceum barbarum polysaccharides in protection against diabetic cataract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113165. [PMID: 32730875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) extracted from the Lycium barbarum L. has been widely used to improve diabetes and its relative complications. However, the mechanisms have not fully understood. A recent study has demonstrated that LBP upregulates suituin 1 (SIRT1). OBJECTIVE This study was to define the role of Sirt1 and its downstream signaling pathways in diabetic cataract using in vitro and in vivo models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human lens epithelial cell line SRA01/04 cells were cultured under high glucose (HG) medium with treatment of LBP or vehicle. Cell viability, apoptosis, protein and/or mRNA levels of Sirt1, BAX, Bcl-2, active-caspase-3, FOXO1, p27 and acetylated p53 were measured. SIRT1 upregulated- and knocked-down cells were generated and tested in high glucose culture. Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by streptozotocin injection. Body weight, blood glucose levels, lens transparency and retinal function were assessed and SIRT1, as well as the aforementioned biomarkers were measured using Western blotting and qPCR in the animal lens samples. RESULTS The results showed that HG decreased cell viability and LBP prevented the decrease. The reduced viability in HG cultured SRA01/04 cells was associated with increased levels of BAX, active caspase 3, FOXO1, p27, and p53 and decreased levels of SIRT1 and Bcl-2. Further experiments using sirt1 gene modulated cells showed that upregulation of Sirt1 improved viability, increase cell division as reflected by an increased proportion of S phase in the cell cycle, reduced the number of apoptotic cell death and suppressed p53 acetylation and caspase 3 activation. Opposite results were observed in SIRT1 knock-down cells. Treating diabetic animals with LBP reduced body weight loss and blood glucose content in diabetic animals. Similarly, LBP hindered the development of cataract in lenses and improved retinal function. The beneficial effect of LBP on diabetic cataract was associated with the supression of p53, caspase 3, FOXO1, BAX, p27 and elevation of SIRT1 and Bcl-2, which were consistent with the in vitro findings. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that diabetes caused cataract is associated with suppression of SIRT1 and Bcl-2 and activation of other cell death related genes. LBP prevented diabetic cataract in animals by upregulating Sirt1 and Bcl-2 and suppressing cell death related genes.
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Almeida AA, Lima GDA, Simão MVRC, Moreira GA, Siqueira RP, Zanatta AC, Vilegas W, Machado‐Neves M, Bressan GC, Leite JPV. Screening of plants from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest led to the identification of Athenaea velutina (Solanaceae) as a novel source of antimetastatic agents. Int J Exp Pathol 2020; 101:106-121. [PMID: 32452573 PMCID: PMC7370850 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant biodiversity is a source of potential natural products for the treatment of many diseases. One of the ways of discovering new drugs is through the cytotoxic screening of extract libraries. The present study evaluated 196 extracts prepared by maceration of Brazilian Atlantic Forest trees with organic solvents and distilled water for cytotoxic and antimetastatic activity. The MTT assay was used to screen the extract activity in MCF-7, HepG2 and B16F10 cancer cells. The highest cytotoxic extract had antimetastatic activity, as determined in in vitro assays and melanoma murine model. The organic extract of the leaves of Athenaea velutina (EAv) significantly inhibited migration, adhesion, invasion and cell colony formation in B16F10 cells. The phenolic compounds and flavonoids in EAv were identified for the first time, using flow injection with electrospray negative ionization-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry analysis (FIA-ESI-IT-MSn ). EAv markedly suppressed the development of pulmonary melanomas following the intravenous injection of melanoma cells to C57BL/6 mice. Stereological analysis of the spleen cross-sections showed enlargement of the red pulp area after EAv treatment, which indicated the activation of the haematopoietic system. The treatment of melanoma-bearing mice with EAv did not result in liver damage. In conclusion, these findings suggest that A velutina is a source of natural products with potent antimetastatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson A. Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia MolecularUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Graziela D. A. Lima
- Departamento de Biologia GeralUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | | | - Gabriela A. Moreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia MolecularUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Raoni P. Siqueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia MolecularUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | | | | | | | - Gustavo C. Bressan
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia MolecularUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - João P. V. Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia MolecularUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
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He M, Grkovic T, Evans JR, Thornburg CC, Akee RK, Thompson JR, Whitt JA, Harris MJ, Loyal JA, Britt JR, Jia L, White JD, Newman DJ, O'Keefe BR. The NCI library of traditional Chinese medicinal plant extracts - Preliminary assessment of the NCI-60 activity and chemical profiling of selected species. Fitoterapia 2019; 137:104285. [PMID: 31386897 PMCID: PMC7391999 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Botanical-based natural products are an important resource for medicinal drug discovery and continue to provide diverse pharmacophores with therapeutic potential against cancer and other human diseases. A prototype Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) plant extract library has been established at the US National Cancer Institute, which contains both the organic and aqueous extracts of 132 authenticated medicinal plant species that collectively represent the potential therapeutic contents of most commonly used TCM herbal prescriptions. This library is publicly available in 96- and 384- well plates for high throughput screening across a broad array of biological targets, as well as in larger quantities for isolation of active chemical ingredients. Herein, we present the methodology used to generate the library and the preliminary assessment of the anti-proliferative activity of this crude extract library in NCI-60 human cancer cell lines screen. Particularly, we report the chemical profiling and metabolome comparison analysis of four commonly used TCM plants, namely Brucea javanica, Dioscorea nipponica, Cynanchum atratum, and Salvia miltiorrhiza. Bioassay-guided isolation resulted in the identification of the active compounds, and different extraction methods were compared for their abilities to extract cytotoxic compounds and to concentrate biologically active natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutic Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States of America; Office of Cancer Centers, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, United States of America
| | - Tanja Grkovic
- Natural Products Support Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States of America
| | - Jason R Evans
- Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutic Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States of America; Data Management Services, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States of America
| | - Christopher C Thornburg
- Natural Products Support Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States of America
| | - Rhone K Akee
- Natural Products Support Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States of America
| | - Jerell R Thompson
- Natural Products Support Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States of America
| | - James A Whitt
- Natural Products Support Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States of America
| | - Matthew J Harris
- Natural Products Support Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States of America
| | - Jasmine A Loyal
- Natural Products Support Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States of America
| | - John R Britt
- Natural Products Support Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States of America
| | - Libin Jia
- Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D White
- Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, United States of America
| | - David J Newman
- Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutic Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States of America
| | - Barry R O'Keefe
- Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutic Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States of America; Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States of America.
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Newman DJ. The impact of decreasing biodiversity on novel drug discovery: is there a serious cause for concern? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:521-525. [PMID: 30902034 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1593370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this perspective is to discuss the current and potential situation concerning the loss of biodiversity and its current and potential effects upon the search for novel bioactive agents from natural sources, be they from marine, microbial or terrestrial environments. Areas covered: Herein, the author covers terrestrial plants, marine organisms (but not vertebrates), and unicellular microbes from both terrestrial and marine sources. The emphasis is on the unknown effects of biodiversity perturbation and/or loss of microbes that are now realized to underlie the production of a significant number of natural products, whether they were first found in plants or marine invertebrates. Expert opinion: From the discussion of the areas above comes the realization that we do not know what we still have. Furthermore, we cannot measure, other than in very gross terms, what we have lost. Thus, deciding how, and where geographically, one should now search for novel bioactive agents is a major and continuing problem.
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Xi D, Bao T, Chen Q, Chen S, Cheng YC, Cullen J, Frank DA, Friedberg JW, Kronish I, Lee JE, Levine M, Li P, Li S, Lu W, Mao JJ, O'Keefe S, Rubinstein L, Shah MA, Standish L, Paller CJ, Chu E. State of the Science: Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapeutics Research-NCI Strategic Workshop Highlights of Discussion Report. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2018; 2017:4617818. [PMID: 29140484 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgx003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In May 2016, the Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Division of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, of the National Cancer Institute convened a special workshop focused on the State of the Science: Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapeutics Research. The current state of the science, gaps, and future opportunities were reviewed and discussed by a distinguished panel of experts in this field of research, and the highlights of this meeting are reported herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xi
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; University of Florida, Gainsville, FL; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY; Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Bao
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; University of Florida, Gainsville, FL; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY; Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; University of Florida, Gainsville, FL; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY; Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sushing Chen
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; University of Florida, Gainsville, FL; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY; Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; University of Florida, Gainsville, FL; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY; Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Joseph Cullen
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; University of Florida, Gainsville, FL; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY; Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - David A Frank
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; University of Florida, Gainsville, FL; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY; Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jonathan W Friedberg
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; University of Florida, Gainsville, FL; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY; Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ian Kronish
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; University of Florida, Gainsville, FL; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY; Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; University of Florida, Gainsville, FL; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY; Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mark Levine
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; University of Florida, Gainsville, FL; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY; Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Li
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; University of Florida, Gainsville, FL; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY; Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shao Li
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; University of Florida, Gainsville, FL; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY; Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Lu
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; University of Florida, Gainsville, FL; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY; Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun J Mao
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; University of Florida, Gainsville, FL; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY; Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Stephen O'Keefe
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; University of Florida, Gainsville, FL; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY; Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Larry Rubinstein
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; University of Florida, Gainsville, FL; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY; Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Manish A Shah
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; University of Florida, Gainsville, FL; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY; Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Leanna Standish
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; University of Florida, Gainsville, FL; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY; Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Channing J Paller
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; University of Florida, Gainsville, FL; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY; Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Edward Chu
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; University of Florida, Gainsville, FL; Yale University, New Haven, CT; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Weill Cornell Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY; Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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9
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Sun B, Wang G, Liu H, Liu P, Twal WO, Cheung H, Carroll SL, Ethier SP, Mevers EE, Clardy J, Roberts T, Chen C, Li Q, Wang L, Yang M, Zhao JJ, Wang Q. Oridonin inhibits aberrant AKT activation in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23878-23889. [PMID: 29844859 PMCID: PMC5963618 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of phosphatidylinosito-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling in cancer has led to pursuit of inhibitors for targeting this pathway. However, inhibitors of PI3K and AKT have failed to yield efficacious results without adverse effects. Here, we screened a library containing 441 authenticated traditional chinese medicine (TCM) plant extracts by examining their effect on cell viability of a human mammary epithelial cell line HMEC-PIK3CAH1047R, which expresses mutant PIK3CAH1047R and has constitutively active AKT signaling. We found that Oridonin, an extract from Rabdosia rubescens, reduced cell viability to the greatest extent. Oridonin binds to AKT1 and potentially functions as an ATP-competitive AKT inhibitor. Importantly, Oridonin selectively impaired tumor growth of human breast cancer cells with hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling. Moreover, Oridonin prevented the initiation of mouse mammary tumors driven by PIK3CAH1047R. Our results suggest that Oridonin may serve as a potent and durable therapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancers with hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Sun
- The first Affiliate Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Huidong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Pian Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Waleed O Twal
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hiuwing Cheung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Steven L Carroll
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Stephen P Ethier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Emily E Mevers
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jon Clardy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Roberts
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Changbin Chen
- Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qian Li
- Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lanfeng Wang
- Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Meixiang Yang
- The first Affiliate Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jean J Zhao
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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10
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Bernardini S, Tiezzi A, Laghezza Masci V, Ovidi E. Natural products for human health: an historical overview of the drug discovery approaches. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1926-1950. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1356838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Bernardini
- Laboratory of Plant Cytology and Biotechnology, Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems (DIBAF), Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - A. Tiezzi
- Laboratory of Plant Cytology and Biotechnology, Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems (DIBAF), Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - V. Laghezza Masci
- Laboratory of Plant Cytology and Biotechnology, Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems (DIBAF), Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - E. Ovidi
- Laboratory of Plant Cytology and Biotechnology, Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems (DIBAF), Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
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11
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Denzler K, Moore J, Harrington H, Morrill K, Huynh T, Jacobs B, Waters R, Langland J. Characterization of the Physiological Response following In Vivo Administration of Astragalus membranaceus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2016; 2016:6861078. [PMID: 27190535 PMCID: PMC4844899 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6861078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The botanical, Astragalus membranaceus, is a therapeutic in traditional Chinese medicine. Limited literature exists on the overall in vivo effects of A. membranaceus on the human body. This study evaluates the physiological responses to A. membranaceus by measuring leukocyte, platelet, and cytokine responses as well as body temperature and blood pressure in healthy individuals after the in vivo administration of A. membranaceus. A dose-dependent increase in monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes was measured 8-12 hours after administration and an increase in the number of circulating platelets was seen as early as 4 hours. A dynamic change in the levels of circulating cytokines was observed, especially in interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-13, IL-6, and soluble IL-2R. Subjective symptoms reported by participants were similar to those typically experienced in viral type immune responses and included fatigue, malaise, and headache. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were reduced within 4 hours after administration, while body temperature mildly increased within 8 hours after administration. In general, all responses returned to baseline values by 24 hours. Collectively, these results support the role of A. membranaceus in priming for a potential immune response as well as its effect on blood flow and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Denzler
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA
- Arizona State University, Biodesign Institute, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Jessica Moore
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA
| | - Heather Harrington
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA
- Arizona State University, Biodesign Institute, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Kira Morrill
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA
| | - Trung Huynh
- Arizona State University, Biodesign Institute, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Bertram Jacobs
- Arizona State University, Biodesign Institute, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Robert Waters
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA
- Arizona State University, Biodesign Institute, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Jeffrey Langland
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA
- Arizona State University, Biodesign Institute, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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12
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Apaya MK, Chang MT, Shyur LF. Phytomedicine polypharmacology: Cancer therapy through modulating the tumor microenvironment and oxylipin dynamics. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 162:58-68. [PMID: 26969215 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrative approaches in cancer therapy have recently been extended beyond the induction of cytotoxicity to controlling the tumor microenvironment and modulating inflammatory cascades and pathways such as lipid mediator biosynthesis and their dynamics. Profiling of important lipid messengers, such as oxylipins, produced as part of the physiological response to pharmacological stimuli, provides a unique opportunity to explore drug pharmacology and the possibilities for molecular management of cancer physiopathology. Whereas single targeted chemotherapeutic drugs commonly lack efficacy and invoke drug resistance and/or adverse effects in cancer patients, traditional herbal medicines are seen as bright prospects for treating complex diseases, such as cancers, in a systematic and holistic manner. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of traditional medicine and its bioactive chemical constituents may aid the modernization of herbal remedies and the discovery of novel phytoagents for cancer management. In this review, systems-based polypharmacology and studies to develop multi-target drugs or leads from phytomedicines and their derived natural products that may overcome the problems of current anti-cancer drugs, are proposed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karmella Apaya
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ting Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Lee JW, Kim W, Min BI, Baek SK, Cho SH. Traditional herbal medicine as an adjuvant treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Integr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Atanasov AG, Waltenberger B, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Linder T, Wawrosch C, Uhrin P, Temml V, Wang L, Schwaiger S, Heiss EH, Rollinger JM, Schuster D, Breuss JM, Bochkov V, Mihovilovic MD, Kopp B, Bauer R, Dirsch VM, Stuppner H. Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1582-1614. [PMID: 26281720 PMCID: PMC4748402 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1292] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have historically proven their value as a source of molecules with therapeutic potential, and nowadays still represent an important pool for the identification of novel drug leads. In the past decades, pharmaceutical industry focused mainly on libraries of synthetic compounds as drug discovery source. They are comparably easy to produce and resupply, and demonstrate good compatibility with established high throughput screening (HTS) platforms. However, at the same time there has been a declining trend in the number of new drugs reaching the market, raising renewed scientific interest in drug discovery from natural sources, despite of its known challenges. In this survey, a brief outline of historical development is provided together with a comprehensive overview of used approaches and recent developments relevant to plant-derived natural product drug discovery. Associated challenges and major strengths of natural product-based drug discovery are critically discussed. A snapshot of the advanced plant-derived natural products that are currently in actively recruiting clinical trials is also presented. Importantly, the transition of a natural compound from a "screening hit" through a "drug lead" to a "marketed drug" is associated with increasingly challenging demands for compound amount, which often cannot be met by re-isolation from the respective plant sources. In this regard, existing alternatives for resupply are also discussed, including different biotechnology approaches and total organic synthesis. While the intrinsic complexity of natural product-based drug discovery necessitates highly integrated interdisciplinary approaches, the reviewed scientific developments, recent technological advances, and research trends clearly indicate that natural products will be among the most important sources of new drugs also in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanas G. Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Pferschy-Wenzig
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Linder
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Wawrosch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Temml
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Schwaiger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke H. Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith M. Rollinger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes M. Breuss
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Valery Bochkov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marko D. Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Kopp
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Verena M. Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Abdel-Latif GA, Al-Abd AM, Tadros MG, Al-Abbasi FA, Khalifa AE, Abdel-Naim AB. The chemomodulatory effects of resveratrol and didox on herceptin cytotoxicity in breast cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12054. [PMID: 26156237 PMCID: PMC4496837 DOI: 10.1038/srep12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Herceptin is considered an essential treatment option for double negative breast cancer. Resveratrol and didox are known chemopreventive agents with potential anticancer properties. The aim of the current study is to investigate the influence of resveratrol and didox on the cytotoxicity profile of herceptin in HER-2 receptor positive and HER-2 receptor negative breast cancer cell lines (T47D and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively). The IC50's of herceptin in T47D and MCF-7 were 0.133 ± 0.005 ng/ml and 23.3795 ± 1.99 ng/ml respectively. Equitoxic combination of herceptin with resveratrol or didox in T47D significantly reduced the IC50 to 0.052 ± 0.001 and 0.0365 ± 0.001 ng/ml, respectively and similar results were obtained in MCF-7. The gene expression of BCL-xl was markedly decreased in T47D cells following treatment with herceptin/resveratrol compared to herceptin alone. Immunocytochemical staining of HER-2 receptor in T47D cells showed a significant reduction after treatment with herceptin/resveratrol combination compared to herceptin alone. On the contrary, herceptin/didox combination had no significant effect on HER-2 receptor expression. Cell cycle analysis showed an arrest at G2/M phase for both cell lines following all treatments. In conclusion, herceptin/resveratrol and herceptin/didox combinations improved the cytotoxic profile of herceptin in both T47D and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Abdel-Latif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Al-Abd
- 1] Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia [2] Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mariane G Tadros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany E Khalifa
- 1] Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Egypt [2] 57357 Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf B Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Egypt
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16
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Efficacy-oriented compatibility for component-based Chinese medicine. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:654-8. [PMID: 25864650 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-target drugs have not achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects for complex diseases involving multiple factors. Instead, innovations in recent drug research and development have revealed the emergence of compound drugs, such as cocktail therapies and "polypills", as the frontier in new drug development. A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription that is usually composed of several medicinal herbs can serve a typical representative of compound medicines. Although the traditional compatibility theory of TCM cannot be well expressed using modern scientific language nowadays, the fundamental purpose of TCM compatibility can be understood as promoting efficacy and reducing toxicity. This paper introduces the theory and methods of efficacy-oriented compatibility for developing component-based Chinese medicines.
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Kim W, Lee WB, Lee JW, Min BI, Baek SK, Lee HS, Cho SH. Traditional herbal medicine as adjunctive therapy for breast cancer: A systematic review. Complement Ther Med 2015; 23:626-32. [PMID: 26275657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of traditional herbal medicine (THM) as adjunctive therapy for breast cancer as evidenced by randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS Five electronic English and Chinese databases were systematically searched up to February, 2014. All RCTs involving THM in combination with conventional cancer therapy for breast cancer were included. RESULTS Eight RCTs involving 798 breast cancer patients were systematically reviewed. Three studies reported a significant difference in the improvement of quality of life (QOL) compared to the control group. Two studies reported an increase in the white blood cell count after treatment. Data on hot flashes and sleep quality were evaluated. However, no significant differences in immediate tumor response were observed. CONCLUSION THM combined with conventional therapy in the treatment of breast cancer is efficacious in improving QOL and in decreasing the number of hot flashes per day. More research and well-designed, rigorous, large clinical trials are necessary to further address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Kim
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | - Won-Bock Lee
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Lee
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | - Byung-Il Min
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | - Sun Kyung Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | - Hyang Sook Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Cho
- Hospital of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, #1 Heogi Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea.
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18
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Kim W, Lee WB, Lee J, Min BI, Lee H, Cho SH. Traditional Herbal Medicine as Adjunctive Therapy for Nasopharyngeal Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2015; 14:212-20. [DOI: 10.1177/1534735415572881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of traditional herbal medicine (THM) as treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) has not been clearly demonstrated. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of THM as adjunctive therapies for NPC using the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Five electronic databases, including English and Chinese databases, were systematically searched up to February 2014. All RCTs involving traditional herbal medicine in combination with conventional cancer therapy for NPC were included. Twenty-two RCTs involving 2,298 NPC patients were systematically reviewed. Of these 22 studies, 15 on 1482 patients reported a significant increase in the number surviving patients with survivals of more than 1, 3, or 5 years. Seven studies on 595 patients reported a significant increase in immediate tumor response, and three studies on 505 patients reported a significant decrease in distant metastasis. This meta-analysis of 22 studies suggests that THM combined with conventional therapy can provide an effective adjunctive therapy for NPC. More research and well-designed, rigorous, large clinical trials are required to address these issues
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Kim
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Seung-Hun Cho
- Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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Gu Y, Chen J, Shen J. Herbal medicines for ischemic stroke: combating inflammation as therapeutic targets. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2014; 9:313-39. [PMID: 24562591 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-014-9525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a debilitating disease for which limited therapeutic approaches are available currently. Thus, there is an urgent need for developing novel therapies for stroke. Astrocytes, endothelial cells and pericytes constitute a neurovascular network for metabolic requirement of neurons. During ischemic stroke, these cells contribute to post-ischemic inflammation at multiple stages of ischemic cascades. Upon ischemia onset, activated resident microglia and astrocytes, and infiltrated immune cells release multiple inflammation factors including cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, free radicals and other small molecules, not only inducing brain damage but affecting brain repair. Recent progress indicates that anti-inflammation is an important therapeutic strategy for stroke. Given a long history with direct experience in the treatment of human subjects, Traditional Chinese Medicine and its related natural compounds are recognized as important sources for drug discovery. Last decade, a great progress has been made to identify active compounds from herbal medicines with the properties of modulating post-ischemic inflammation for neuroprotection. Herein, we discuss the inflammatory pathway in early stage and secondary response to injured tissues after stroke from initial artery occlusion to brain repair, and review the active ingredients from natural products with anti-inflammation and neuroprotection effects as therapeutic agents for ischemic stroke. Further studies on the post-ischemic inflammatory mechanisms and corresponding drug candidates from herbal medicine may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies in stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gu
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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20
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Schröder S, Lee S, Efferth T, Motoo Y. Acupuncture and herbal medicine for cancer patients. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:313751. [PMID: 24371455 PMCID: PMC3858869 DOI: 10.1155/2013/313751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Schröder
- HanseMerkur Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - T. Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, StaudingerWeg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Y. Motoo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
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21
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Henrich CJ, Beutler JA. Matching the power of high throughput screening to the chemical diversity of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:1284-98. [PMID: 23925671 PMCID: PMC3801163 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70052f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Covering up to 2013. Application of high throughput screening technologies to natural product samples demands alterations in assay design as well as sample preparation in order to yield meaningful hit structures at the end of the campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis J. Henrich
- Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc. Frederick National Lab
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - John A. Beutler
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
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22
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Can medical herbs stimulate regeneration or neuroprotection and treat neuropathic pain in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy? EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:423713. [PMID: 23983777 PMCID: PMC3747437 DOI: 10.1155/2013/423713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (CIPN) has a relevant impact on the quality of life of cancer patients. There are no curative conventional treatments, so further options have to be investigated. We conducted a systematic review in English and Chinese language databases to illuminate the role of medical herbs. 26 relevant studies on 5 single herbs, one extract, one receptor-agonist, and 8 combinations of herbs were identified focusing on the single herbs Acorus calamus rhizoma, Cannabis sativa fructus, Chamomilla matricaria, Ginkgo biloba, Salvia officinalis, Sweet bee venom, Fritillaria cirrhosae bulbus, and the herbal combinations Bu Yang Huan Wu, modified Bu Yang Huan Wu plus Liuwei Di Huang, modified Chai Hu Long Gu Mu Li Wan, Geranii herba plus Aconiti lateralis praeparata radix , Niu Che Sen Qi Wan (Goshajinkigan), Gui Zhi Jia Shu Fu Tang (Keishikajutsubuto), Huang Qi Wu Wu Tang (Ogikeishigomotsuto), and Shao Yao Gan Cao Tang (Shakuyakukanzoto). The knowledge of mechanism of action is still limited, the quality of clinical trials needs further improvement, and studies have not yielded enough evidence to establish a standard practice, but a lot of promising substances have been identified. While CIPN has multiple mechanisms of neuronal degeneration, a combination of herbs or substances might deal with multiple targets for the aim of neuroprotection or neuroregeneration in CIPN.
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Martins A, Hunyadi A, Amaral L. Mechanisms of resistance in bacteria: an evolutionary approach. Open Microbiol J 2013; 7:53-8. [PMID: 23560029 PMCID: PMC3613773 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801307010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of resistance is one of the major causes of failure in therapy of bacterial infections. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), thousands of deaths caused by Salmonella sp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus or Mycobacteria tuberculosis are due to failure in therapy caused by resistance to the chemotherapeutic agents. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance acquisition by the bacterial strains is therefore essential to prevent and overcome resistance. However, it is very difficult to extrapolate from in vitro studies, where the variables are far less and under constant control, as compared to what happens in vivo where the chosen chemotherapeutic, its effective dose, and the patient's immune system are variables that differ substantially case-by-case. The aim of this review is to provide a new perspective on the possible ways by which resistance is acquired by the bacterial strains within the patient, with a special emphasis on the adaptive response of the infecting bacteria to the administered antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martins
- Unidade de Parasitologia e Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal ; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 10, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
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24
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Nilius B, Appendino G. Spices: the savory and beneficial science of pungency. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 164:1-76. [PMID: 23605179 DOI: 10.1007/112_2013_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spicy food does not only provide an important hedonic input in daily life, but has also been anedoctically associated to beneficial effects on our health. In this context, the discovery of chemesthetic trigeminal receptors and their spicy ligands has provided the mechanistic basis and the pharmacological means to investigate this enticing possibility. This review discusses in molecular terms the connection between the neurophysiology of pungent spices and the "systemic" effects associated to their trigeminality. It commences with a cultural and historical overview on the Western fascination for spices, and, after analysing in detail the mechanisms underlying the trigeminality of food, the main dietary players from the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of cation channels are introduced, also discussing the "alien" distribution of taste receptors outside the oro-pharingeal cavity. The modulation of TRPV1 and TRPA1 by spices is next described, discussing how spicy sensations can be turned into hedonic pungency, and analyzing the mechanistic bases for the health benefits that have been associated to the consumption of spices. These include, in addition to a beneficial modulation of gastro-intestinal and cardio-vascular function, slimming, the optimization of skeletal muscle performance, the reduction of chronic inflammation, and the prevention of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. We conclude by reviewing the role of electrophilic spice constituents on cancer prevention in the light of their action on pro-inflammatory and pro-cancerogenic nuclear factors like NFκB, and on their interaction with the electrophile sensor protein Keap1 and the ensuing Nrf2-mediated transcriptional activity. Spicy compounds have a complex polypharmacology, and just like any other bioactive agent, show a balance of beneficial and bad actions. However, at least for moderate consumption, the balance seems definitely in favour of the positive side, suggesting that a spicy diet, a caveman-era technology, could be seriously considered in addition to caloric control and exercise as a measurement to prevent and control many chronic diseases associate to malnutrition from a Western diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Nilius
- KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Leuven, Belgium,
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25
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Harris ESJ, Cao S, Schoville SD, Dong C, Wang W, Jian Z, Zhao Z, Eisenberg DM, Clardy J. Selection for high oridonin yield in the Chinese medicinal plant Isodon (Lamiaceae) using a combined phylogenetics and population genetics approach. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50753. [PMID: 23209822 PMCID: PMC3507737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oridonin is a diterpenoid with anti-cancer activity that occurs in the Chinese medicinal plant Isodon rubescens and some related species. While the bioactivity of oridonin has been well studied, the extent of natural variation in the production of this compound is poorly known. This study characterizes natural variation in oridonin production in order to guide selection of populations of Isodon with highest oridonin yield. Different populations of I. rubescens and related species were collected in China, and their offspring were grown in a greenhouse. Samples were examined for oridonin content, genotyped using 11 microsatellites, and representatives were sequenced for three phylogenetic markers (ITS, rps16, trnL-trnF). Oridonin production was mapped on a molecular phylogeny of the genus Isodon using samples from each population as well as previously published Genbank sequences. Oridonin has been reported in 12 out of 74 species of Isodon examined for diterpenoids, and the phylogeny indicates that oridonin production has arisen at least three times in the genus. Oridonin production was surprisingly consistent between wild-collected parents and greenhouse-grown offspring, despite evidence of gene flow between oridonin-producing and non-producing populations of Isodon. Additionally, microsatellite genetic distance between individuals was significantly correlated with chemical distance in both parents and offspring. Neither heritability nor correlation with genetic distance were significant when the comparison was restricted to only populations of I. rubescens, but this result should be corroborated using additional samples. Based on these results, future screening of Isodon populations for oridonin yield should initially prioritize a broad survey of all species known to produce oridonin, rather than focusing on multiple populations of one species, such as I. rubescens. Of the samples examined here, I. rubescens or I. japonicus from Henan province would provide the best source of oridonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S J Harris
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The apparent productivity crisis in the pharmaceutical industry and the economic and political rise of China have contributed to renewed interest in the application of Chinese medicine for drug discovery. AREAS COVERED The author presents an overview of the historical development and basic principles of theory and practice of Chinese herbal medicine, its materia medica and prescription formulas, and discusses the motivation for and rationale of its application to drug discovery. Furthermore, the author distinguishes the five main approaches to drug discovery from Chinese herbal medicine, based on the decreasing amount and detail of historical and clinical Chinese medicine knowledge that informed the research effort. EXPERT OPINION Many compounds that have been isolated from the Chinese materia medica exhibit pharmacological activities comparable to pharmaceutical drugs. With the exception of the antimalarial drug artemisinin, however, this knowledge has not led to the successful development of new drugs outside of China. The chance of success in a Chinese medicine-based drug discovery effort will be increased by consideration of the empirical knowledge that has been documented over many centuries in the historical materia medica and prescription literature. Most Chinese medicine-derived compounds affect more than one target and do not correspond to the one compound/one-target drug discovery paradigm. A new frontier is opening up with the development of drugs consisting of combinations of multiple compounds acting on multiple targets under the paradigm of network pharmacology. The ancient practice of combining multiple drugs in prescription formulas can serve as inspirational analogy and a practical guide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus J Sucher
- Science, Technology, Engineering & Math (S.T.E.M), Roxbury Community College, Roxbury Crossing, MA 02120, USA.
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Wang YL, Shi JL, Yong L, Ren Z, Zhai YJ, Guo JY. Anxiolytic-like effects of compound zhi zhu xiang in rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2012; 2012:701289. [PMID: 22690249 PMCID: PMC3368380 DOI: 10.1155/2012/701289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether compound zhi zhu xiang (CZZX) exerts anxiolytic-like effects in rats. The animals were orally administered CZZX (0.75, 1.5, and 3 g/kg daily) for 10 days and tested in the elevated plus maze (EPM), Vogel conflict test (VCT), and open field. Repeated treatment with CZZX (3 g/kg/day, p.o.) significantly increased the percentage of both entries into and time spent on the open arms of the EPM compared with saline controls. In the VCT, repeated treatment with CZZX (1.5 and 3 g/kg/day, p.o.) significantly increased the number of punished licks. The drug did not change the total entries into the open arms of the EPM or interfere with water consumption or nociceptive threshold, discarding potential confounding factors in the two tests. In the open field, locomotion was not reduced, discarding the possible sedative effect of CZZX. In the binding assay, the binding of [(3)H] Ro 15-1788 (flumazenil) to the benzodiazepine binding site in washed crude synaptosomal membranes from rat cerebral cortex was affected by CZZX. These data indicate an anxiolytic-like profile of action for CZZX without sedative side effects, and this activity may be mediated by benzodiazepine binding site modulation at γ-aminobutyric acid-A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jin-Li Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Liu Yong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhao Ren
- Pharmaceutical Factory, Yunnan Institute of Material Medical, Yunnan 650111, China
| | - Yu-Jing Zhai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jian-You Guo
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Harris ESJ, Cao S, Littlefield BA, Craycroft JA, Scholten R, Kaptchuk T, Fu Y, Wang W, Liu Y, Chen H, Zhao Z, Clardy J, Woolf AD, Eisenberg DM. Heavy metal and pesticide content in commonly prescribed individual raw Chinese Herbal Medicines. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:4297-305. [PMID: 21824641 PMCID: PMC3163780 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal and pesticide contamination has previously been reported in Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHMs), in some cases at potentially toxic levels. This study was conducted to determine general patterns and toxicological significance of heavy metal and pesticide contamination in a broad sample of raw CHMs. Three-hundred-thirty-four samples representing 126 species of CHMs were collected throughout China and examined for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, and mercury. Of the total, 294 samples representing 112 species were also tested for 162 pesticides. At least 1 metal was detected in all 334 samples (100%) and 115 samples (34%) had detectable levels of all metals. Forty-two different pesticides were detected in 108 samples (36.7%), with 1 to 9 pesticides per sample. Contaminant levels were compared to toxicological reference values in the context of different exposure scenarios. According to a likely scenario of CHM consumption, only 3 samples (1%) with heavy metals and 14 samples (5%) with pesticides were found with concentrations that could contribute to elevated background levels of contaminant exposure. According to the most conservative scenario of CHM consumption, 231 samples (69%) with heavy metals and 81 samples (28%) with pesticides had contaminants that could contribute to elevated levels of exposure. Wild collected plants had higher contaminant levels than cultivated samples. Cadmium, chromium, lead, and chlorpyrifos contamination showed weak correlations with geographic location. Based on our assumptions of the likely mode of consumption of raw CHMs, the vast majority (95%) of the 334 samples in this study contained levels of heavy metals or pesticides that would be of negligible concern. However, given the number of samples with detectable contaminants and the range between the more likely and more conservative scenarios of contaminant exposure, more research and monitoring of heavy metals (especially cadmium and chromium) and pesticide residues (especially chlorpyrifos) in raw CHMs are advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S J Harris
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Khan SI, Zhao J, Khan IA, Walker LA, Dasmahapatra AK. Potential utility of natural products as regulators of breast cancer-associated aromatase promoters. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:91. [PMID: 21693041 PMCID: PMC3142499 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatase, the key enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis, converts androstenedione to estrone and testosterone to estradiol. The enzyme is expressed in various tissues such as ovary, placenta, bone, brain, skin, and adipose tissue. Aromatase enzyme is encoded by a single gene CYP 19A1 and its expression is controlled by tissue-specific promoters. Aromatase mRNA is primarily transcribed from promoter I.4 in normal breast tissue and physiological levels of aromatase are found in breast adipose stromal fibroblasts. Under the conditions of breast cancer, as a result of the activation of a distinct set of aromatase promoters (I.3, II, and I.7) aromatase expression is enhanced leading to local overproduction of estrogen that promotes breast cancer. Aromatase is considered as a potential target for endocrine treatment of breast cancer but due to nonspecific reduction of aromatase activity in other tissues, aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are associated with undesirable side effects such as bone loss, and abnormal lipid metabolism. Inhibition of aromatase expression by inactivating breast tumor-specific aromatase promoters can selectively block estrogen production at the tumor site. Although several synthetic chemical compounds and nuclear receptor ligands are known to inhibit the activity of the tumor-specific aromatase promoters, further development of more specific and efficacious drugs without adverse effects is still warranted. Plants are rich in chemopreventive agents that have a great potential to be used in chemotherapy for hormone dependent breast cancer which could serve as a source for natural AIs. In this brief review, we summarize the studies on phytochemicals such as biochanin A, genistein, quercetin, isoliquiritigenin, resveratrol, and grape seed extracts related to their effect on the activation of breast cancer-associated aromatase promoters and discuss their aromatase inhibitory potential to be used as safer chemotherapeutic agents for specific hormone-dependent breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Larry A Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
- University of Mississippi Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Asok K Dasmahapatra
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
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Harris ESJ, Erickson SD, Tolopko AN, Cao S, Craycroft JA, Scholten R, Fu Y, Wang W, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Clardy J, Shamu CE, Eisenberg DM. Traditional Medicine Collection Tracking System (TM-CTS): a database for ethnobotanically driven drug-discovery programs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 135:590-3. [PMID: 21420479 PMCID: PMC3096074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanically driven drug-discovery programs include data related to many aspects of the preparation of botanical medicines, from initial plant collection to chemical extraction and fractionation. The Traditional Medicine Collection Tracking System (TM-CTS) was created to organize and store data of this type for an international collaborative project involving the systematic evaluation of commonly used Traditional Chinese Medicinal plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS The system was developed using domain-driven design techniques, and is implemented using Java, Hibernate, PostgreSQL, Business Intelligence and Reporting Tools (BIRT), and Apache Tomcat. RESULTS The TM-CTS relational database schema contains over 70 data types, comprising over 500 data fields. The system incorporates a number of unique features that are useful in the context of ethnobotanical projects such as support for information about botanical collection, method of processing, quality tests for plants with existing pharmacopoeia standards, chemical extraction and fractionation, and historical uses of the plants. The database also accommodates data provided in multiple languages and integration with a database system built to support high throughput screening based drug discovery efforts. It is accessed via a web-based application that provides extensive, multi-format reporting capabilities. CONCLUSIONS This new database system was designed to support a project evaluating the bioactivity of Chinese medicinal plants. The software used to create the database is open source, freely available, and could potentially be applied to other ethnobotanically driven natural product collection and drug-discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. J. Harris
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Osher Research Center, Harvard Medical School, NRB Suite 1030, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Corresponding Authors. Tel.: +1-617-495-2365 (ESJH); +1-617-432-6266 (SDE). Fax: +1-617-495-9484 (ESJH); +1-617-432-6424 (SDE). (ESJH); (SDE)
| | - Sean D. Erickson
- ICCB-Longwood/NSRB Screening Facility, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Corresponding Authors. Tel.: +1-617-495-2365 (ESJH); +1-617-432-6266 (SDE). Fax: +1-617-495-9484 (ESJH); +1-617-432-6424 (SDE). (ESJH); (SDE)
| | - Andrew N. Tolopko
- ICCB-Longwood/NSRB Screening Facility, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shugeng Cao
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jane A. Craycroft
- Osher Research Center, Harvard Medical School, NRB Suite 1030, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert Scholten
- Osher Research Center, Harvard Medical School, NRB Suite 1030, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yanling Fu
- International Cooperation Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bai San Huan Dong Lu, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Wenquan Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing Zhong Huan Nan Lu, Chaoyang District Beijing 100102, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing Zhong Huan Nan Lu, Chaoyang District Beijing 100102, PR China
| | - Zhongzhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Jon Clardy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Caroline E. Shamu
- ICCB-Longwood/NSRB Screening Facility, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David M. Eisenberg
- Osher Research Center, Harvard Medical School, NRB Suite 1030, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division for Research and Education in Complementary and Integrative Medicinal Therapies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Eisenberg D. Reflections on the past and future of integrative medicine from a lifelong student of the integration of Chinese and Western medicine. Chin J Integr Med 2011; 17:3-5. [PMID: 21258889 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-011-0622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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