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Costa-Pérez A, Núñez-Gómez V, Baenas N, Di Pede G, Achour M, Manach C, Mena P, Del Rio D, García-Viguera C, Moreno DA, Domínguez-Perles R. Systematic Review on the Metabolic Interest of Glucosinolates and Their Bioactive Derivatives for Human Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061424. [PMID: 36986155 PMCID: PMC10058295 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, most of the evidence on the clinical benefits of including cruciferous foods in the diet has been focused on the content of glucosinolates (GSL) and their corresponding isothiocyanates (ITC), and mercapturic acid pathway metabolites, based on their capacity to modulate clinical, biochemical, and molecular parameters. The present systematic review summarizes findings of human studies regarding the metabolism and bioavailability of GSL and ITC, providing a comprehensive analysis that will help guide future research studies and facilitate the consultation of the latest advances in this booming and less profusely researched area of GSL for food and health. The literature search was carried out in Scopus, PubMed and the Web of Science, under the criteria of including publications centered on human subjects and the use of Brassicaceae foods in different formulations (including extracts, beverages, and tablets), as significant sources of bioactive compounds, in different types of subjects, and against certain diseases. Twenty-eight human intervention studies met inclusion criteria, which were classified into three groups depending on the dietary source. This review summarizes recent studies that provided interesting contributions, but also uncovered the many potential venues for future research on the benefits of consuming cruciferous foods in our health and well-being. The research will continue to support the inclusion of GSL-rich foods and products for multiple preventive and active programs in nutrition and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Costa-Pérez
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS, CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Vanesa Núñez-Gómez
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare-Nostrum”, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Nieves Baenas
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare-Nostrum”, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (D.A.M.); Tel.: +00-348-6888-9627 (N.B.); +00-349-6839-6200 (D.A.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Di Pede
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Mariem Achour
- Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claudine Manach
- Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina García-Viguera
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS, CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego A. Moreno
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS, CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (D.A.M.); Tel.: +00-348-6888-9627 (N.B.); +00-349-6839-6200 (D.A.M.)
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Perles
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS, CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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2
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Liu X, Li Y, Micallef SA. Developmentally related and drought-induced shifts in the kale metabolome limited Salmonella enterica association, providing novel insights to enhance food safety. Food Microbiol 2022; 108:104113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Radünz M, Mota Camargo T, Dos Santos Hackbart HC, Paes Nunes CF, Araújo Ribeiro J, da Rosa Zavareze E. Characterization of ultrafine zein fibers incorporated with broccoli, kale, and cauliflower extracts by electrospinning. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4210-4217. [PMID: 35023582 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broccoli, kale, and cauliflower contain phenolic compounds and glucosinolates, which have several biological effects on the body. However, because they are thermolabile, many of these substances are lost in the cooking process. Electrospinning encapsulation, using zein as a preservative wall material, can expand the applications of the compounds in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The objective of this research was to characterize broccoli, kale, and cauliflower extracts and encapsulate them with the electrospinning technique using zein. RESULTS Broccoli, kale, and cauliflower extracts contain five phenolic compounds and three glucosinolates. Fibers from broccoli, kale, and cauliflower showed high encapsulation efficiency, good thermal stability, and nanometric size, especially those containing extract and zein in proportions of up to 35:65. CONCLUSION Fibers from broccoli, kale, and cauliflower containing extract and zein in proportions of up to 35:65 have the potential for effective nutraceutical application for the control of non-communicable chronic diseases or application in food packaging. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjana Radünz
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Taiane Mota Camargo
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jardel Araújo Ribeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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4
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Garcia-Alonso A, Sánchez-Paniagua López M, Manzanares-Palenzuela CL, Redondo-Cuenca A, López-Ruíz B. Edible plant by-products as source of polyphenols: prebiotic effect and analytical methods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10814-10835. [PMID: 35658778 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2084028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols with high chemical diversity are present in vegetables both in the edible parts and by-products. A large proportion of them remains unabsorbed along the gastrointestinal tract, being accumulated in the colon, where they are metabolized by the intestinal microbiota. These polyphenols have been found to have "prebiotic-like" effects. The edible plant industry generates tons of residues called by-products, which consist of unutilized plant tissues (peels, husks, calyxes and seeds). Their disposal requires special and costly treatments to avoid environmental complications. Reintroducing these by-products into the value chain using technological and biotechnological practices is highly appealing since many of them contain nutrients and bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, with many health-promoting properties. Edible plant by-products as a source of polyphenols highlights the need for analytical methods. Analytical methods are becoming increasingly selective, sensitive and precise, but the great breakthrough lies in the pretreatment of the sample and in particular in the extraction methods. This review shows the importance of edible plant by-products as a source of polyphenols, due to their prebiotic effect, and to compile the most appropriate analytical methods for the determination of the total content of phenolic compounds as well as the detection and quantification of individual polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Garcia-Alonso
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Sánchez-Paniagua López
- Unidad de Química Analítica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Araceli Redondo-Cuenca
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatríz López-Ruíz
- Unidad de Química Analítica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
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5
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González Moreno A, de Cózar A, Prieto P, Domínguez E, Heredia A. Radiationless mechanism of UV deactivation by cuticle phenolics in plants. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1786. [PMID: 35379806 PMCID: PMC8979964 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxycinnamic acids present in plant cuticles, the interphase and the main protective barrier between the plant and the environment, exhibit singular photochemical properties that could allow them to act as a UV shield. Here, we employ transient absorption spectroscopy on isolated cuticles and leaf epidermises to study in situ the photodynamics of these molecules in the excited state. Based on quantum chemical calculations on p-coumaric acid, the main phenolic acid present in the cuticle, we propose a model in which cuticle phenolics display a photoprotective mechanism based in an ultrafast and non-radiative excited state deactivation combined with fluorescence emission. As such, the cuticle can be regarded as the first and foremost protective barrier against UV radiation. This photostable and photodynamic mechanism seems to be universal in land plants giving a special role and function to the presence of different aromatic domains in plant cuticles and epidermises. Phenolics are abundant in plant cuticles. Here, via transient absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations, the authors propose a model by which cuticle phenolics provide photoprotection due to ultrafast and non-radiative excited state deactivation combined with fluorescence emission.
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New Vegetable Brassica Foods: A Promising Source of Bioactive Compounds. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122911. [PMID: 34945461 PMCID: PMC8700788 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassica rapa is grown in northwestern Spain to obtain turnip greens. The tops of the same plants (flower stems with buds) are cut and sell as turnip tops, increasing the value of the crop. This practice could be extended to other brassicas. The objectives of this work are to study the phytochemical potential of tops of coles (Brassica oleracea) and leaf rape (Brassica napus) compared to turnip tops and to compare tops of different coles (cabbage, kale, tronchuda cabbage), which differ in their morphology and use. We evaluated the content of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity in leaves and tops of the three species. We found that tops had higher amount of glucosinolates than leaves. Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity followed the opposite trend. Therefore, consumption of leaves and tops are complementary, since both type of organs are enriched with different types of compound. Local varieties of kale, curly kale, cabbage and curly leave cabbage are interesting because of their GSLs and phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in both leaves and tops. From the human health perspective, tops of coles and leaf rape are interesting as new crops to include in the diet.
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7
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Velasco P, Rodríguez VM, Soengas P, Poveda J. Trichoderma hamatum Increases Productivity, Glucosinolate Content and Antioxidant Potential of Different Leafy Brassica Vegetables. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112449. [PMID: 34834812 PMCID: PMC8619120 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Brassica crops include important vegetables known as "superfoods" due to the content of phytochemicals of great interest to human health, such as glucosinolates (GSLs) and antioxidant compounds. On the other hand, Trichoderma is a genus of filamentous fungi that includes several species described as biostimulants and/or biological control agents in agriculture. In a previous work, an endophytic strain of Trichoderma hamatum was isolated from kale roots (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), describing its ability to induce systemic resistance in its host plant. In the present work, some of the main leafy Brassica crops (kale, cabbage, leaf rape and turnip greens) have been root-inoculated with T. hamatum, having the aim to verify the possible capacity of the fungus as a biostimulant in productivity as well as the foliar content of GSLs and its antioxidant potential, in order to improve these "superfoods". The results reported, for the first time, an increase in the productivity of kale (55%), cabbage (36%) and turnip greens (46%) by T. hamatum root inoculation. Furthermore, fungal inoculation reported a significant increase in the content of total GSLs in cabbage and turnip greens, mainly of the GSLs sinigrin and gluconapin, respectively, along with an increase in their antioxidant capacity. Therefore, T. hamatum could be a good agricultural biostimulant in leafy Brassica crops, increasing the content of GSLs and antioxidant potential of great food and health interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Velasco
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), 36143 Pontevedra, Spain; (P.V.); (V.M.R.); (P.S.)
| | | | - Pilar Soengas
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), 36143 Pontevedra, Spain; (P.V.); (V.M.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Jorge Poveda
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Campus Arrosadía, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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Baig A, Zubair M, Sumrra SH, Rashid U, Zafar MN, Ahmad F, Nazar MF, Farid M, Bilal M, Alharthi FA, Giannakoudakis DA. Green photosensitisers for the degradation of selected pesticides of high risk in most susceptible food: A safer approach. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258864. [PMID: 34710164 PMCID: PMC8553129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are the leading defence against pests, but their unsafe use reciprocates the pesticide residues in highly susceptible food and is becoming a serious risk for human health. In this study, mint extract and riboflavin were tested as photosensitisers in combination with light irradiation of different frequencies, employed for various time intervals to improve the photo-degradation of deltamethrin (DM) and lambda cyhalothrin (λ-CHT) in cauliflower. Different source of light was studied, either in ultraviolet range (UV-C, 254 nm or UV-A, 320-380 nm) or sunlight simulator (> 380-800 nm). The degradation of the pesticides varied depending on the type of photosensitiser and light source. Photo-degradation of the DM and λ-CHT was enhanced by applying the mint extracts and riboflavin and a more significant degradation was achieved with UV-C than with either UV-A or sunlight, reaching a maximum decrement of the concentration by 67-76%. The light treatments did not significantly affect the in-vitro antioxidant activity of the natural antioxidants in cauliflower. A calculated dietary risk assessment revealed that obvious dietary health hazards of DM and λ-CHT pesticides when sprayed on cauliflower for pest control. The use of green chemical photosensitisers (mint extract and riboflavin) in combination with UV light irradiation represents a novel, sustainable, and safe approach to pesticide reduction in produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Baig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
- * E-mail: , (UR); (MZ)
| | | | - Umer Rashid
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail: , (UR); (MZ)
| | | | - Fayyaz Ahmad
- Department of Statistics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faizan Nazar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Multan Campus, Multan Pakistan
| | - Mujahid Farid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Fahad A. Alharthi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Kapusta-Duch J, Kusznierewicz B. Young Shoots of White and Red Headed Cabbages Like Novel Sources of Glucosinolates as Well as Antioxidative Substances. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1277. [PMID: 34439525 PMCID: PMC8389310 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Most literature data indicate that the diet rich in plant products reduces the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases and cancer. Brassica vegetables are almost exclusively synthesizing glucosinolates. Glucosinolates are higher in sprouts than in mature plants, being related to the activity of the specific myrosinase involved in the degradation of glucosinolates during developmental stages. This study compares the content of total glucosinolates with their profile and, rare in the literature, also with products of their degradation. Average amounts of total glucosinolates in young shoots of white and red headed cabbage were 26.23 µmol/g d.m. and 27.93 µmol/g d.m., respectively. In addition, antioxidative properties of 21-day-old shoots of white and red headed cabbage were assessed. The area of negative peaks after post-column derivatization with the ABTS reagent, indicating antioxidant activity of young red cabbage shoots, was 20185, compared to the value determined for young white cabbage shoots (3929). The results clearly indicate that, regardless of the vegetable species, young shoots of white and red headed cabbage can be an important source of bioactive substances in the diet, thus being an important element of cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kapusta-Duch
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka St., 30-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Kusznierewicz
- Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
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10
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Application of Broccoli Leaf Powder in Gluten-Free Bread: An Innovative Approach to Improve Its Bioactive Potential and Technological Quality. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040819. [PMID: 33918917 PMCID: PMC8069453 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In comparison to conventional bread, gluten-free bread (GF) shows many post-baking defects and a lower nutritional and functional value. Although broccoli leaves are perceived as waste products, they are characterised by a high content of nutrients and bioactive compounds. The present study evaluated the nutritional value, technological quality, antioxidant properties, and inhibitory activity against the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) of GF enriched with broccoli leaf powder (BLP). Compared to the control, gluten-free bread with BLP (GFB) was characterised by a significantly (p < 0.05) higher content of nutrients (proteins and minerals), as well as improved specific volume and bake loss. However, what needs to be emphasised is that BLP significantly (p < 0.05) improved the antioxidant potential and anti-AGE activity of GFB. The obtained results indicate that BLP can be successfully used as a component of gluten-free baked products. In conclusion, the newly developed GFB with improved technological and functional properties is an added-value bakery product that could provide health benefits to subjects on a gluten-free diet.
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Salehi B, Quispe C, Butnariu M, Sarac I, Marmouzi I, Kamle M, Tripathi V, Kumar P, Bouyahya A, Capanoglu E, Ceylan FD, Singh L, Bhatt ID, Sawicka B, Krochmal-Marczak B, Skiba D, El Jemli M, El Jemli Y, Coy-Barrera E, Sharifi-Rad J, Kamiloglu S, Cádiz-Gurrea MDLL, Segura-Carretero A, Kumar M, Martorell M. Phytotherapy and food applications from Brassica genus. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3590-3609. [PMID: 33666283 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants of the genus Brassica occupy the top place among vegetables in the world. This genus, which contains a group of six related species of a global economic significance, three of which are diploid: Brassica nigra (L.) K. Koch, Brassica oleracea L., and Brassica rapa L. and three are amphidiploid species: Brassica carinata A. Braun, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern., and Brassica napus L. These varieties are divided into oily, fodder, spice, and vegetable based on their morphological structure, chemical composition, and usefulness of plant organs. The present review provides information about habitat, phytochemical composition, and the bioactive potential of Brassica plants, mainly antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer activities, and clinical studies in human. Brassica vegetables are of great economic importance around the world. At present, Brassica plants are grown together with cereals and form the basis of global food supplies. They are distinguished by high nutritional properties from other vegetable plants, such as low fat and protein content and high value of vitamins, fibers along with minerals. In addition, they possess several phenolic compounds and have a unique type of compounds namely glucosinolates that differentiate these crops from other vegetables. These compounds are also responsible for numerous biological activities to the genus Brassica as described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Monica Butnariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania", Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Sarac
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania", Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ilias Marmouzi
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Madhu Kamle
- Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, India
| | - Vijay Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, India
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Faculty of Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Duygu Ceylan
- Faculty of Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Laxman Singh
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Almora, India
| | - Indra D Bhatt
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Almora, India
| | - Barbara Sawicka
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodities Science, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Krochmal-Marczak
- Department of Production and Food Safety, State Higher Vocational School named after Stanislaw Pigon, Krosno, Poland
| | - Dominika Skiba
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodities Science, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Meryem El Jemli
- Pharmacodynamy Research Team ERP, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yousra El Jemli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Campus Nueva Granada, Cajicá, Colombia
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Senem Kamiloglu
- Science and Technology Application and Research Center (BITAUM), Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepcion, Chile
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Arias T, Niederhuth CE, McSteen P, Pires JC. The Molecular Basis of Kale Domestication: Transcriptional Profiling of Developing Leaves Provides New Insights Into the Evolution of a Brassica oleracea Vegetative Morphotype. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:637115. [PMID: 33747016 PMCID: PMC7973465 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.637115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Morphotypes of Brassica oleracea are the result of a dynamic interaction between genes that regulate the transition between vegetative and reproductive stages and those that regulate leaf morphology and plant architecture. In kales, ornate leaves, extended vegetative phase, and nutritional quality are some of the characters potentially selected by humans during domestication. We used a combination of developmental studies and transcriptomics to understand the vegetative domestication syndrome of kale. To identify candidate genes that are responsible for the evolution of domestic kale, we searched for transcriptome-wide differences among three vegetative B. oleracea morphotypes. RNA-seq experiments were used to understand the global pattern of expressed genes during a mixture of stages at one time in kale, cabbage, and the rapid cycling kale line TO1000. We identified gene expression patterns that differ among morphotypes and estimate the contribution of morphotype-specific gene expression that sets kale apart (3958 differentially expressed genes). Differentially expressed genes that regulate the vegetative to reproductive transition were abundant in all morphotypes. Genes involved in leaf morphology, plant architecture, defense, and nutrition were differentially expressed in kale. This allowed us to identify a set of candidate genes we suggest may be important in the kale domestication syndrome. Understanding candidate genes responsible for kale domestication is of importance to ultimately improve Cole crop production.
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Drozdowska M, Leszczyńska T, Koronowicz A, Piasna-Słupecka E, Dziadek K. Comparative study of young shoots and the mature red headed cabbage as antioxidant food resources with antiproliferative effect on prostate cancer cells. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43021-43034. [PMID: 35514921 PMCID: PMC9058263 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07861a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing knowledge on health benefit properties of plant origin food ingredients supports recommendations for the use of edible plants in the prevention of diet related diseases, including cancer. The beneficial effects of young shoots of red cabbage can be attributed to their mixture of phytochemicals possessing antioxidant and potential anticancer activity. The objective of this study was to compare the content of bioactive compounds, including HPLC analysis of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of young shoots of red cabbage and the vegetable at full maturity. The content of vitamin C and polyphenols in juices obtained from young shoots and the mature vegetable were also determined. The other aim of this study was to confirm the hypothesis that juice of young shoots more effectively, compared to juice of the mature vegetable, reduces the proliferation of prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and LNCaP in vitro. A significantly higher content of vitamin C and carotenoids, as well as a higher antioxidant activity were found in edible young shoots in comparison to the mature vegetable. In addition, studies have shown higher amount of vitamin C in the juice of young shoots than in the juice of the mature vegetable and similar content of polyphenolic compounds. The level of total polyphenol content in the studied plant samples did not differ significantly. Flavonoids were the main polyphenols in young shoots and juice obtained from them, while phenolic acids were dominant in the mature vegetable and in juice obtained from it. The juice of young shoots has shown stronger in vitro anti-proliferation effect against prostate cancer cells than juice of the mature vegetable. Young shoots of red cabbage could be a good source of phytochemicals with potential anticancer activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Drozdowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow 122 Balicka St. 30-149 Krakow Poland
| | - Teresa Leszczyńska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow 122 Balicka St. 30-149 Krakow Poland
| | - Aneta Koronowicz
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow 122 Balicka St. 30-149 Krakow Poland
| | - Ewelina Piasna-Słupecka
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow 122 Balicka St. 30-149 Krakow Poland
| | - Kinga Dziadek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow 122 Balicka St. 30-149 Krakow Poland
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Nicácio AE, Rodrigues CA, Visentainer JV, Maldaner L. Evaluation of the QuEChERS method for the determination of phenolic compounds in yellow (Brassica alba), brown (Brassica juncea), and black (Brassica nigra) mustard seeds. Food Chem 2020; 340:128162. [PMID: 33027718 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies about the phenolic composition of yellow (Brassica alba), brown (Brassica juncea), and black (Brassica nigra) mustard seeds are still scarce in the literature. Hence, this study describes, for the first time, the use of the QuEChERS extraction method followed by UHPLC-MS/MS analysis for phenolic compound determination in the seeds of these mustard species. Under the optimized extraction and analysis conditions, twenty-one phenolic compounds were evaluated. Six, eleven, and seven were found in B. alba, B. juncea, and B. nigra seeds, respectively. The most abundant phenolic compound was sinapic acid, which was found in amounts ranging from 44 to 82 times higher than the other major compounds found in the mustard seeds, ferulic, 4-hydroxybenzoic and protocatechuic acids. Overall, these results are an important contribution to the characterization of the phenolic composition of the three in natura mustard seeds species, and support future reliable phenolic compounds determination with the QuEChERS method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liane Maldaner
- Chemistry Department, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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15
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Picchi V, Lo Scalzo R, Tava A, Doria F, Argento S, Toscano S, Treccarichi S, Branca F. Phytochemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Four Brassica Wild Species from Italy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153495. [PMID: 32752002 PMCID: PMC7435896 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated for the first time the variability of antioxidant traits of four Brassica wild species: B. incana, B. macrocarpa, B. villosa, and B. rupestris. The content of the main water-soluble antioxidants (phenolics, ascorbic acid, and total biothiols) and the in vitro antioxidant potential (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and superoxide anion scavenging capacity) were investigated. A total of 28 polyphenolic compounds were identified by LC/MS and quantitated by HPLC/DAD analysis. Kaempferol and quercetin derivatives were the most abundant phenolics compared to hydroxycinnamoyl gentiobiosides. In the ten populations, phenolics ranged from 163.9 to 533.9 mg/100 g dry weight (d.w.), ascorbic acid from 7.6 to 375.8 mg/100 g d.w., and total biothiols from 0.59 to 5.13 mg/100 g d.w. The different classes of phytochemicals were separated using solid-phase extraction at increasing methanol concentrations, and the antioxidant power of fractionated extracts was evaluated. The superoxide anion scavenging activity was significantly correlated to phenolics, particularly to flavonol derivatives, while DPPH was mainly related to ascorbic acid content. The present findings improve the knowledge of the phytochemical composition of Italian Brassica wild species by showing the great diversity of phytochemicals among populations and highlighting their importance as a valuable genetic resource for developing new cultivars with improved bioactive content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Picchi
- CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, via G. Venezian 26, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-239557210
| | - Roberto Lo Scalzo
- CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, via G. Venezian 26, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Aldo Tava
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Filippo Doria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Sergio Argento
- CNR Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo (ISAFoM), via Empedocle 58, 95128 Catania, Italy;
| | - Stefania Toscano
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.T.); (S.T.); (F.B.)
| | - Simone Treccarichi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.T.); (S.T.); (F.B.)
| | - Ferdinando Branca
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.T.); (S.T.); (F.B.)
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Šola I, Vujčić Bok V, Dujmović M, Rusak G. Developmentally-related changes in phenolic and L-ascorbic acid content and antioxidant capacity of Chinese cabbage sprouts. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:702-712. [PMID: 32116379 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical and antioxidant properties of mature (head stage) Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) are known; however, data on the phenolic profile, vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) content and antioxidant capacity of its fresh sprouts are lacking. Since the human consumption of fresh cruciferous sprouts has significantly increased in recent years, their nutritional characterization has become a somewhat urgent matter. Therefore, in this study the contents of total phenolics, flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids were measured spectrophotometrically, whereas individual flavonoids, phenolic acids and vitamin C were identified and quantified using a newly-developed high performance liquid chromatography method. Also, the antioxidant capacity of five Chinese cabbage sprout growth stages was determined. These stages contained either cotyledons only (seedlings), cotyledons and two leaves, four leaves, six leaves, or ten leaves. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering (HC) were implemented in order to visualize the classification trend between the stages. Seedlings contained more sinapic acid and vitamin C than older plants. Plants containing six or ten leaves had more ferulic acid and isorhamnetin than younger ones. Total phenolics, flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acids, quercetin and antioxidant capacity did not statistically differ between seedlings and stages with six or ten leaves and their concentrations were significantly higher than in stages with two or four leaves. PCA and HC confirmed the higher phytochemical similarity between seedlings and plants with six or ten leaves than plants with two or four leaves. Therefore, Chinese cabbage seedlings and plants with six or ten leaves should be preferred over plants with two or four leaves, which were ultimately shown to be of lesser nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šola
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valerija Vujčić Bok
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mia Dujmović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Rusak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Variation in biochemical profile and health beneficial compounds and biological activities of Brassica oleracea var gongylodes L. morphological parts. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Sharma R, Bhardwaj R, Thukral AK, Al-Huqail AA, Siddiqui MH, Ahmad P. Oxidative stress mitigation and initiation of antioxidant and osmoprotectant responses mediated by ascorbic acid in Brassica juncea L. subjected to copper (II) stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109436. [PMID: 31325808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential yet toxic metal, which holds the ability to induce production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in living cells resulting in severe abiotic stress. Therefore, the aim of our current study was to investigate the effects of extrinsically added ascorbic acid (AA) on oxidative stress indicators and redox homoeostasis remediators in 7-day-old seedlings and 60-day-old plants of Brassica juncea L. (hyper-accumulator species) subjected to Cu (II) stress. Our findings showed that seed germination ballooned by 55.4% in Cu (II) stressed seedlings upon addition of 50 mg l-1 AA. Copper content accelerated in stressed seedlings and plants; however, a negative interaction was seen upon addition of AA. Both seedlings and plants exposed to Cu (II) accumulated free radicals such as H2O2 and superoxide anion, however, the addition of AA in the growth media decreased H2O2 and superoxide anion generation indicating ROS detoxification. Confocal microscopy also revealed improved cell viability and reduced H2O2 content because of enhanced antioxidant activity upon addition of AA as a protective chelate. Antioxidants such as ascorbate, flavonoids and glutathione rose significantly in Cu (II) stressed seedlings and plants in the presence of AA. Protein content increased by 51.3% and 47.5% in seedlings and plants growing in a binary combination of 100 mg l-1 Cu and AA (75 mg l-1 and 25 mg l-1), respectively. Sharp peaks for stress indicator amino acids such as cysteine and proline were seen in spectral analysis of B. juncea seedlings exposed to Cu (II). Protein thiols increased in plants grown in various binary doses Cu (II) and AA. This study provides sufficient evidence regarding the protective role of ascorbic acid (AA) against ROS and its suggested use as a soil amendment against Cu (II) toxicity in B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resham Sharma
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India.
| | - Ashwani Kumar Thukral
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
| | - Asma A Al-Huqail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Coman V, Teleky BE, Mitrea L, Martău GA, Szabo K, Călinoiu LF, Vodnar DC. Bioactive potential of fruit and vegetable wastes. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 91:157-225. [PMID: 32035596 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are essential for human nutrition, delivering a substantial proportion of vitamins, minerals, and fibers in our daily diet. Unfortunately, half the fruits and vegetables produced worldwide end up as wastes, generating environmental issues caused mainly by microbial degradation. Most wastes are generated by industrial processing, the so-called by-products. These by-products still contain many bioactive compounds post-processing, such as macronutrients (proteins and carbohydrates) and phytochemicals (polyphenols and carotenoids). Recently, the recovery of these bioactive compounds from industry by-products has received significant attention, mainly due to their possible health benefits for humans. This chapter focuses on the bioactive potential of fruit and vegetable by-products with possible applications in the food industry (functional foods) and in the health sector (nutraceuticals).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Coman
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bernadette-Emőke Teleky
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura Mitrea
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Adrian Martău
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Katalin Szabo
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lavinia-Florina Călinoiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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20
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Drabińska N, Ciska E, Szmatowicz B, Krupa-Kozak U. Broccoli by-products improve the nutraceutical potential of gluten-free mini sponge cakes. Food Chem 2018; 267:170-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Soengas P, Cartea ME, Velasco P, Francisco M. Endogenous Circadian Rhythms in Polyphenolic Composition Induce Changes in Antioxidant Properties in Brassica Cultivars. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5984-5991. [PMID: 29851489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the circadian clock is a significant driver of plant phytochemicals. However, little is known about the clock effect on antioxidant metabolites in edible crops. Thus, the aim of the present investigation was to study whether the antioxidant potential of Brassica cultivars is under circadian regulation and its relationship with polyphenol content. To accomplish that we entrain plants of four Brassica cultivars to light-dark cycles prior to release into continuous light. The antioxidant activity and phenolic content was monitored at four time points of the day during four consecutive days: 2 days under light-dark conditions followed by 2 days under continuous light. Results showed daily oscillation of antioxidant activity. In addition, those variations were related with endogenous circadian rhythms in polyphenolics and exhibit a species-specific pattern. Considered together, we determined that Brassica cultivars have an optimal time during a single day with increased levels of health phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Soengas
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas , Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) , Pontevedra , Spain
| | - M Elena Cartea
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas , Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) , Pontevedra , Spain
| | - Pablo Velasco
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas , Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) , Pontevedra , Spain
| | - Marta Francisco
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas , Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) , Pontevedra , Spain
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Soengas P, Rodríguez VM, Velasco P, Cartea ME. Effect of Temperature Stress on Antioxidant Defenses in Brassica oleracea. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5237-5243. [PMID: 30023910 PMCID: PMC6044755 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Brassica oleracea crops are exposed to seasonal changes in temperature because of their biennial life cycle. Extreme temperatures (cold and heat) affect the photosynthetic activity and the yield of cabbage (B. oleracea capitata group) and kale (B. oleracea acephala group). We studied the relationship among antioxidant defenses, photosynthesis, and yield under extreme temperatures in both crops. Under these conditions, the plants increase the antioxidant defenses, responding to an increment in reactive oxygen species (ROS). The accumulation of ROS in chloroplasts decreases the chlorophyll content and provokes photoinhibition that leads to a low fixation of CO2 and loss of dry weight. Low temperatures especially increase the antioxidant defenses and decrease the chlorophyll content compared to the heat conditions. However, dry weight losses are higher when plants are grown under heat than under cold conditions, probably because of the inactivation of Rubisco and/or the associated enzymes. Both crops were more resilient to cold than to heat temperatures, the capitata group being more resistant.
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23
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Broccoli seed extracts but not sulforaphane have strong free radical scavenging activities. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hassini I, Baenas N, Moreno DA, Carvajal M, Boughanmi N, Martinez Ballesta MDC. Effects of seed priming, salinity and methyl jasmonate treatment on bioactive composition of Brassica oleracea var. capitata (white and red varieties) sprouts. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2291-2299. [PMID: 27625158 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassica spp. sprouts are rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds, especially glucosinolates and phenolic acid derivatives, and the composition of these young germinating seeds can be altered by several external factors. In this study two cabbage varieties (Brassica oleracea var. capitata, red and white) were studied using seed priming (KCl 50 mmol L-1 ; NaCl 150 mmol L-1 ) and MeJA spraying (25 µmol L-1 ) to elicit the phytochemical content of edible sprouts. RESULTS The red variety was richer in glucosinolates and phenolic compounds than the white one but not in mineral nutrients. Seed priming enhanced the potassium (K) content and flavonols in both varieties, while the total content of glucosinolates was reduced after seed priming only in the red variety. The white variety responded better than the red one to KCl seed priming, increasing the flavonols (89%). Salinity did not induce any change in the phytochemical content of these two varieties. Elicitation with sprayed MeJA was effective in significantly increasing the content of indolic glucosinolates glucobrassicin (5.7-fold) and neoglucobrassicin (9.7-fold) in the red cultivar. In the white variety, in addition to glucobrassicin (19.4-fold) and neoglucobrassicin (9.4-fold), 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin (2.3-fold) was also enhanced. MeJA also elicited significant amounts of anthocyanins (41%) and chlorogenic acid derivatives (329%) in the white variety. CONCLUSION KCl seed priming and MeJA elicitation promoted the phytochemical composition of the cabbage varieties, especially in the white variety. The application of NaCl resulted in less efficient elicitation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismahen Hassini
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Nieves Baenas
- Food Science and Technology Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego A Moreno
- Food Science and Technology Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Neziha Boughanmi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
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Mageney V, Neugart S, Albach DC. A Guide to the Variability of Flavonoids in Brassica oleracea. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020252. [PMID: 28208739 PMCID: PMC6155772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids represent a typical secondary metabolite class present in cruciferous vegetables. Their potential as natural antioxidants has raised considerable scientific interest. Impacts on the human body after food consumption as well as their effect as pharmaceutical supplements are therefore under investigation. Their numerous physiological functions make them a promising tool for breeding purposes. General methods for flavonoid analysis are well established, though new compounds are still being identified. However, differences in environmental circumstances of the studies and analytical methods impede comparability of quantification results. To promote future investigations on flavonoids in cruciferous plants we provide a checklist on best-practice in flavonoid research and specific flavonoid derivatives that are valuable targets for further research, choosing a representative species of scientific interest, Brassica oleracea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Mageney
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetables and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e. V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany.
| | - Dirk C Albach
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
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Zujko M, Terlikowska K, Zujko K, Paruk A, Witkowska A. Sprouts as potential sources of dietary antioxidants in human nutrition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0009.5052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The present study evaluates antioxidant activity, as well as polyphenol and flavonoid contents in common sprouts, available on the Polish market. The aim of this study was to extend our already published food databases. Materials and methods: Ten seed species from four plant families were analysed. Total polyphenol content of sprout extracts was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. Total flavonoid content was assessed by the aluminium chloride colorimetric method. Total antioxidant status was measured using FRAP and ABTS methods. Results: The FRAP antioxidant potential was 0.60- 2.53 mmol TE (trolox equivalents)/100 g FM (fresh mass), and arranged in descending order it was: white mustard>cress>radish>broccoli>chickpea> sunflower>mung bean>wheat>green lentil>alfalfa), while the ABTS potential was 3.92-16.19 mmol TE/100 g FM (according to decreasing value: white mustard>green lentil>chickpea>sunflower>mung bean>cress> alfalfa>wheat> broccoli> radish). The polyphenol content was 160-774 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents)/100 g FM, and flavonoid content 15-53 mg QE (quercetin equivalents)/100 g FM. Conclusion: Our results suggest that sprouts in comparison to other foods, despite small weight can be powerful sources of antioxidants. Special attention in human nutrition should be paid to white mustard sprouts as they are excellent source of polyphenol and flavonoid and are characterized by tremendous antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.E. Zujko
- Medical University of Białystok, Poland Department of Food Commodities Science and Technology
| | - K.M. Terlikowska
- Medical University of Białystok, Poland Department of Food Commodities Science and Technology
| | - K. Zujko
- Medical University of Białystok, Poland Students Scientific Association of the Department of Food Commodities Science and Technology
| | - A. Paruk
- Medical University of Białystok, Poland Students Scientific Association of the Department of Food Commodities Science and Technology
| | - A.M. Witkowska
- Medical University of Białystok, Poland Department of Food Commodities Science and Technology
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Ragusa L, Picchi V, Tribulato A, Cavallaro C, Lo Scalzo R, Branca F. The effect of the germination temperature on the phytochemical content of broccoli and rocket sprouts. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:411-420. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1248907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ragusa
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Picchi
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Unità di Ricerca per i processi dell’Industria Agroalimentare, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tribulato
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavallaro
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Lo Scalzo
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Unità di Ricerca per i processi dell’Industria Agroalimentare, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Branca
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
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Arnáiz E, Bernal J, Martín MT, Diego JC, Bernal JL, Recio LT. Optimisation of the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Antioxidants from Broccoli Leaves. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Castorina A, Consoli S, Barbagallo S, Branca F, Farag A, Licciardello F, Cirelli GL. Assessing environmental impacts of constructed wetland effluents for vegetable crop irrigation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2016; 18:626-633. [PMID: 26344169 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1086298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to monitor and assess environmental impacts of reclaimed wastewater (RW), used for irrigation of vegetable crops, on soil, crop quality and irrigation equipment. During 2013, effluents of a horizontal sub-surface flow constructed treatment wetland (TW) system, used for tertiary treatment of sanitary wastewater from a small rural municipality located in Eastern Sicily (Italy), were reused by micro-irrigation techniques to irrigate vegetable crops. Monitoring programs, based on in situ and laboratory analyses were performed for assessing possible adverse effects on water-soil-plant systems caused by reclaimed wastewater reuse. In particular, experimental results evidenced that Escherichia coli content found in RW would not present a risk for rotavirus infection following WHO (2006) standards. Irrigated soil was characterized by a certain persistence of microbial contamination and among the studied vegetable crops, lettuce responds better, than zucchini and eggplants, to the irrigation with low quality water, evidencing a bettering of nutraceutical properties and production parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Castorina
- a Dept Agricoltura , Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - S Consoli
- a Dept Agricoltura , Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - S Barbagallo
- a Dept Agricoltura , Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - F Branca
- b Dept Agricoltura , Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - A Farag
- c Dept of Agricultural Engineering , University of Benha , Egypt
| | - F Licciardello
- a Dept Agricoltura , Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - G L Cirelli
- a Dept Agricoltura , Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania , Catania , Italy
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Rychlik J, Olejnik A, Olkowicz M, Kowalska K, Juzwa W, Myszka K, Dembczyński R, Moyer MP, Grajek W. Antioxidant capacity of broccoli sprouts subjected to gastrointestinal digestion. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:1892-1902. [PMID: 25186016 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broccoli is a common vegetable recognized as a rich source of antioxidants. To date, research on the antioxidant properties of broccoli, predominantly conducted on extracts, has not considered the lesions of composition and this activity after gastrointestinal digestion. Here the stability of antioxidants during gastrointestinal digestion was evaluated in conjunction with the protective effects of broccoli sprouts (BS) against oxidative stress in human colon cells. RESULTS The obtained data suggest that, among the biocompounds identified in BS, glucosinolates were mainly degraded under gastrointestinal digestion, while phenolics, particularly hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, were the most resistant constituents. The antioxidant capacity of BS extract subjected to gastrointestinal digestion was similar to or higher than that determined for non-digested BS. Gastrointestinal digested BS extract exhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inhibitory capacity in NCM460 human colon cells, with 1 mg mL(-1) showing an ROS clearance of 76.59%. A 57.33% reduction in oxidative DNA damage in NCM460 cells due to treatment with digested BS extract was observed. CONCLUSION The results lend support to the possible application of BS as a rich source of antioxidants to improve the defensive system against oxidative stress in the human colon mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rychlik
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, PL-60-627, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Olejnik
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, PL-60-627, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariola Olkowicz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, PL-60-627, Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kowalska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, PL-60-627, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech Juzwa
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, PL-60-627, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kamila Myszka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, PL-60-627, Poznań, Poland
| | - Radosław Dembczyński
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, PL-60-627, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Włodzimierz Grajek
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, PL-60-627, Poznań, Poland
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Bachiega P, Salgado JM, de Carvalho JE, Ruiz ALTG, Schwarz K, Tezotto T, Morzelle MC. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities in different maturation stages of broccoli (Brassica oleracea Italica) biofortified with selenium. Food Chem 2015. [PMID: 26213037 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, three different broccoli maturity stages subjected to biofortification with selenium were evaluated for antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Antioxidant trials have shown that the maturation stages biofortified with selenium had significantly higher amounts of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, especially seedlings. Although non-polar extracts of all samples show antiproliferative activity, the extract of broccoli seedlings biofortified with selenium stood out, presenting cytocidal activity for a glioma line (U251, GI50 28.5 mg L(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bachiega
- Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição, Laboratório de Bromatologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, 111, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jocelem Mastrodi Salgado
- Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição, Laboratório de Bromatologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, 111, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - João Ernesto de Carvalho
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, UNICAMP, CP 6171, 13083-970 Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia T G Ruiz
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, UNICAMP, CP 6171, 13083-970 Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Kélin Schwarz
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA)/Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida Centenário, 303, 13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Tezotto
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Laboratório Multiusuário em Produção Vegetal, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, 111, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maressa Caldeira Morzelle
- Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição, Laboratório de Bromatologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, 111, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Dal Prá V, Dolwitsch CB, Lima FO, Amaro de Carvalho C, Viana C, do Nascimento PC, Barcellos da Rosa M. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Biological Activities of Extracts of Brassica oleracea var. capitata. Food Technol Biotechnol 2015; 53:102-109. [PMID: 27904339 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.53.01.15.3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Brassica oleracea var. capitata extracts obtained through ultrasound-assisted extraction are evaluated. The extracts obtained using the best extraction conditions were subjected to different hydrolysis conditions before their use in the biological tests. The crude and hydrolysed extracts were characterized using gas chromatography coupled with a mass detector. The use of ultrasound at 30 °C with 60% (by volume) solvent enabled obtaining a richer extract. All extracts had antioxidant activities against DPPH (13.0-80.0%), superoxide (35.2-63.2%) and peroxyl (89.3-99.5%) radicals, but the use of hydrolysed extracts considerably improved the antioxidant activities. Antimicrobial activities only of the hydrolysed extracts of Brassica oleracea var. capitata were detected. It was confirmed that antioxidant activity of vegetable extracts can be considerably increased when hydrolysis is applied as a pretreatment to their extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Dal Prá
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria,
Camobi Campus, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Bolssoni Dolwitsch
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria,
Camobi Campus, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Camilo Amaro de Carvalho
- Medical and Nursing Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n,
36570-000 Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Carine Viana
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria,
Camobi Campus, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cícero do Nascimento
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus,
97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Barcellos da Rosa
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria,
Camobi Campus, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus,
97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Francisco M, Ali M, Ferreres F, Moreno DA, Velasco P, Soengas P. Organ-Specific Quantitative Genetics and Candidate Genes of Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Brassica oleracea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1240. [PMID: 26858727 PMCID: PMC4729930 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are proving to be increasingly important for human health and in crop development, defense and adaptation. In spite of the economical importance of Brassica crops in agriculture, the mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds presents in these species remain unknown. The genetic and metabolic basis of phenolics accumulation was dissected through analysis of total phenolics concentration and its individual components in leaves, flower buds, and seeds of a double haploid (DH) mapping population of Brassica oleracea. The quantitative trait loci (QTL) that had an effect on phenolics concentration in each organ were integrated, resulting in 33 consensus QTLs controlling phenolics traits. Most of the studied compounds had organ-specific genomic regulation. Moreover, this information allowed us to propose candidate genes and to predict the function of genes underlying the QTL. A number of previously unknown potential regulatory regions involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism were identified and this study illustrates how plant ontogeny can affect a biochemical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Francisco
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (MBG-CSIC)Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Mahmoud Ali
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (MBG-CSIC)Pontevedra, Spain
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityCairo, Egypt
| | - Federico Ferreres
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC)Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego A. Moreno
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC)Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Velasco
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (MBG-CSIC)Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Pilar Soengas
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (MBG-CSIC)Pontevedra, Spain
- *Correspondence: Pilar Soengas
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Bisharat GI, Katsavou ID, Panagiotou NM, Krokida MK, Maroulis ZB. Investigation of functional properties and color changes of corn extrudates enriched with broccoli or olive paste. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2014; 21:613-30. [PMID: 25406135 DOI: 10.1177/1082013214559310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Following the tendency of replacing common food snacks with healthier food products, extruded snacks with corn flour and broccoli (4-10%) or olive paste (4-8%) were investigated in this study. The effect of material characteristics, including feed moisture content (14-19%), and broccoli or olive paste concentration, and extrusion conditions, including screw speed (150-250 r/min), and extrusion temperature (140-180 ℃), on the functional properties (water absorption index, water solubility index, and oil absorption index), as well as color change (ΔE) of the extruded snacks was studied. Regression analysis showed that screw speed did not significantly influence (p > 0.05) the properties. After mathematical modelling it was found that broccoli and olive paste concentration, as well as temperature increment, caused a decrease in water absorption index (minimum of 5.6 and 6.4 g/g sample, respectively) and an increase in water solubility index (maximum of 18.7 and 10.9 g/100 g sample, respectively), while feed moisture presented opposite tendency. Higher extrusion temperature led to an increment of oil absorption index (approximately to 1.2 and 1 mL/g sample) and decrement of color changes. Finally, feed moisture and broccoli concentration lowered oil absorption index and color of corn/broccoli extrudates, while olive paste concentration caused their increment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan I Bisharat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan
| | - Ioanna D Katsavou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Magdalini K Krokida
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Greece
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Sotelo T, Cartea ME, Velasco P, Soengas P. Identification of antioxidant capacity -related QTLs in Brassica oleracea. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107290. [PMID: 25198771 PMCID: PMC4157872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassica vegetables possess high levels of antioxidant metabolites associated with beneficial health effects including vitamins, carotenoids, anthocyanins, soluble sugars and phenolics. Until now, no reports have been documented on the genetic basis of the antioxidant activity (AA) in Brassicas and the content of metabolites with AA like phenolics, anthocyanins and carotenoids. For this reason, this study aimed to: (1) study the relationship among different electron transfer (ET) methods for measuring AA, (2) study the relationship between these methods and phenolic, carotenoid and anthocyanin content, and (3) find QTLs of AA measured with ET assays and for phenolic, carotenoid and anthocyanin contents in leaves and flower buds in a DH population of B. oleracea as an early step in order to identify genes related to these traits. Low correlation coefficients among different methods for measuring AA suggest that it is necessary to employ more than one method at the same time. A total of 19 QTLs were detected for all traits. For AA methods, seven QTLs were found in leaves and six QTLs were found in flower buds. Meanwhile, for the content of metabolites with AA, two QTLs were found in leaves and four QTLs were found in flower buds. AA of the mapping population is related to phenolic compounds but also to carotenoid content. Three genomic regions determined variation for more than one ET method measuring AA. After the syntenic analysis with A. thaliana, several candidate genes related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis are proposed for the QTLs found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Sotelo
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Department of Plant Genetics, Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (MBG-CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
| | - María Elena Cartea
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Department of Plant Genetics, Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (MBG-CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Pablo Velasco
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Department of Plant Genetics, Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (MBG-CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Pilar Soengas
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Department of Plant Genetics, Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (MBG-CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
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Šamec D, Bogović M, Vincek D, Martinčić J, Salopek-Sondi B. Assessing the authenticity of the white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba) cv. ‘Varaždinski’ by molecular and phytochemical markers. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gonzales GB, Raes K, Coelus S, Struijs K, Smagghe G, Van Camp J. Ultra(high)-pressure liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-time-of-flight-ion mobility-high definition mass spectrometry for the rapid identification and structural characterization of flavonoid glycosides from cauliflower waste. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1323:39-48. [PMID: 24280615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a strategy for the detection and structural elucidation of flavonoid glycosides from a complex matrix in a single chromatographic run using U(H)PLC-ESI-IMS-HDMS/MS(E) is presented. This system operates using alternative low and high energy voltages that is able to perform the task of conventional MS/MS in a data-independent way without re-injection of the sample, which saves analytical time. Also, ion mobility separation (IMS) was employed as an additional separation technique for compounds that are co-eluting after U(H)PLC separation. First, the fragmentation of flavonoid standards were analyzed and criteria was set for structural elucidation of flavonoids in a plant extract. Based on retention times, UV spectra, exact mass, and MS fragment characteristics, such as abundances of daughter ions and the presence of radical ions ([Y0-H](-)), a total 19 flavonoid glycosides, of which 8 non-acylated and 11 acylated, were detected and structurally characterized in a cauliflower waste extract. Kaempferol and quercetin were the main aglycones detected while sinapic and ferulic acid were the main phenolic acids. C-glycosides were also found although their structure could not be elucidated. The proposed method can be used as a rapid screening test for flavonoid identification and for routine analysis of plant extracts, such as these derived from cauliflower waste. The study also confirms that agroindustrial wastes, such as cauliflower leaves, could be seen as a valuable source of different bioactive phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Bryan Gonzales
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Industrial Engineering and Technology, University College West Flanders, Kortrijk, Belgium; Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Technology, University College West Flanders, Kortrijk, Belgium; Department of Industrial Biological Science, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Sofie Coelus
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Karin Struijs
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium.
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Lo Scalzo R, Picchi V, Migliori CA, Campanelli G, Leteo F, Ferrari V, Di Cesare LF. Variations in the phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacity of organically and conventionally grown Italian cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. subsp. botrytis): results from a three-year field study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10335-10344. [PMID: 24134670 DOI: 10.1021/jf4026844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A three-year field study (2009-2011) was performed to evaluate phytochemicals and antioxidant capacities of two genotypes (HF1 Emeraude and the local variety, Velox) of green cauliflower grown under organic and conventional management. The conventional system increased yield, but had little effect on the dry matter, whereas the organic system increased the soluble solids. Phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity showed significant year-to-year variability. During the third year, the scarce rainfall determined a significant increase of total glucosinolates and a general decrease of antioxidants in all samples. Interestingly, in the same year organic plants were less affected by the unfavorable climatic conditions, as they increased ascorbic acid, polyphenols, and carotenoids with respect to conventional ones. The overall results for the three years showed that the two genotypes responded differently. Compared to the conventional system, Velox showed 24, 21, 13, 48, and 44% higher content of ascorbic acid, polyphenols, carotenoids, volatiles, and antioxidant capacity, respectively. In contrast, no significant increase in the phytochemicals or the antioxidant potential was found in organic Emeraude, with the exception of total volatiles (+41%). These findings suggest that organic cultivation may be highly effective for particular cauliflower genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lo Scalzo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Research Unit of Food Technology , via G. Venezian 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Amel OH, Malek BH, Hichem BJ, Ali L, Mahjoub A, Boulbaba S. Antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of extracts from Rapistrum rugosum in Tunisia. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(13)60086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Effect of environmental conditions and water status on the bioactive compounds of broccoli. Open Life Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-013-0172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractFour experiments were carried out in 2010 and 2011 to determine how cultivation period (spring or autumn), harvest season (summer or autumn), and plant water status (irrigated or rainfed) influenced content and composition of broccoli cultivar Parthenon F1 with respect to sulforaphane and phenolics under field conditions in Gödöllő, Hungary. Sulforaphane content was significantly higher in the autumn harvests, regardless of irrigation treatments. Harvest season also influenced total phenolics content, with the highest values occurring in the spring season. Harvest season also affected trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and this capacity was also the greatest in spring. Caffeic acid glucoside was a major phenolics component in both spring and autumn season harvests. The season and irrigation related changes in other phenolic component contents were also characterised in this study.
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Extraction, chemical characterization and biological activity determination of broccoli health promoting compounds. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1313:78-95. [PMID: 23899380 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) contains substantial amount of health-promoting compounds such as vitamins, glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, and dietary essential minerals; thus, it benefits health beyond providing just basic nutrition, and consumption of broccoli has been increasing over the years. This review gives an overview on the extraction and separation techniques, as well as the biological activity of some of the above mentioned compounds which have been published in the period January 2008 to January 2013. The work has been distributed according to the different families of health promoting compounds discussing the extraction procedures and the analytical techniques employed for their characterization. Finally, information about the different biological activities of these compounds has been also provided.
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Baenas N, Moreno DA, García-Viguera C. Selecting sprouts of brassicaceae for optimum phytochemical composition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:11409-11420. [PMID: 23061899 DOI: 10.1021/jf302863c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cruciferous foods (Brassicaceae spp.) are rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds. Edible sprouts are becoming popular fresh foods and, therefore, the phytochemical profiling of nine varieties of Brassicaceae (broccoli, kohlrabi, red cabbage, rutabaga, turnip, turnip greens, radish, garden cress, and white mustard) was evaluated for this purpose. The glucosinolates in seeds were significantly higher than in sprouts, and day 8 of germination was considered the optimum for consumption. The sprouts with higher concentrations of glucosinolates in 8-day-old sprouts were white mustard, turnip, and kohlrabi (∼815, ∼766, and ∼653 mg 100 g⁻¹ FW, respectively). Red cabbage and radish presented great total glucosinolates content (∼516 and ∼297 mg 100 g⁻¹ FW, respectively, in 8-day-old sprouts) and also higher total phenolic contents, biomass, and antioxidant capacity. The selection of the best performers in terms of germination quality and phytochemical composition is the key to optimize new fresh foods enriched in health-bioactive compounds. Further research on the bioavailability of the bioactive compounds in Brassica foods will allow backing of recommendations for dietarily effective dosages for nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Baenas
- Phytochemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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