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Althaus O, ter Jung N, Stahlke S, Theiss C, Herzog-Niescery J, Vogelsang H, Weber T, Gude P, Matschke V. Region-specific protective effects of monomethyl fumarate in cerebellar and hippocampal organotypic slice cultures following oxygen-glucose deprivation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308635. [PMID: 39110748 PMCID: PMC11305562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, apart from moderate hypothermia, there are almost no adequate interventions available for neuroprotection in cases of brain damage due to cardiac arrest. Affected persons often have severe limitations in their quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate protective properties of the active compound of dimethyl fumarate, monomethyl fumarate (MMF), on distinct regions of the central nervous system after ischemic events. Dimethyl fumarate is an already established drug in neurology with known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, we chose organotypic slice cultures of rat cerebellum and hippocampus as an ex vivo model. To simulate cardiac arrest and return of spontaneous circulation we performed oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD) followed by treatments with different concentrations of MMF (1-30 μM in cerebellum and 5-30 μM in hippocampus). Immunofluorescence staining with propidium iodide (PI) and 4',6-diamidine-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was performed to analyze PI/DAPI ratio after imaging with a spinning disc confocal microscope. In the statistical analysis, the relative cell death of the different groups was compared. In both, the cerebellum and hippocampus, the MMF-treated group showed a significantly lower PI/DAPI ratio compared to the non-treated group after OGD. Thus, we showed for the first time that both cerebellar and hippocampal slice cultures treated with MMF after OGD are significantly less affected by cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Althaus
- Department of Cytology, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nico ter Jung
- Department of Cytology, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sarah Stahlke
- Department of Cytology, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Department of Cytology, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jennifer Herzog-Niescery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Heike Vogelsang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Weber
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Philipp Gude
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Department of Cytology, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Skóra B, Piechowiak T, Szychowski KA. Interaction Between Aging-Related Elastin-Derived Peptide (VGVAPG) and Sirtuin 2 and its Impact on Functions of Human Neuron Cells in an In Vitro Model. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04298-y. [PMID: 38914873 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Elastin is a stable protein present in many tissues, including brain tissues, and is one of the most long-life proteins with a half-life of approximately 70 years. The peptide with a Val-Gly-Val-Ala-Pro-Gly (VGVAPG) amino acid sequence is released during elastin decay, which correlates with aging-related neurodegeneration. A recent study has shown enhanced protein expression of Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2 - one of the redox homeostatic factors) in aged rodent brains, while the correlation between VGVAPG and SIRT2 has never been evaluated so far. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the impact of the VGVAPG hexapeptide on SIRT2 and neuronal functions in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells at the gene and protein expression levels. The present results showed that VGVAPG caused a 52.69% decrease in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as in the case of neurons treated with AGK2 (Sirtuin 2 inhibitor) after 24h and 48h. Furthermore, a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed. The SIRT2 gene expression was found to fluctuate after 6h and 24h as a result of the exposure to the VGVAPG peptide. In turn, a decrease in the PPARγ, P53, SOD2, and CAT mRNA expression was shown in VGVAPG-treated cells. Additionally, an increase in the Sirtuin 2 protein expression was recorded after 24h and 48h in the VGVAPG peptide-treated neurons. Last but not least, the decrease in the level of acetylation of α-tubulin after the hexapeptide treatment was correlated with shortening of neurites, which may indicate the destabilization of the microtubule and ROS-independent induction of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Skóra
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, St. Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Piechowiak
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, St. Ćwiklinskiej 2, 35-601, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Konrad A Szychowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, St. Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszów, Poland
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Du M, Wang T, Peng W, Feng R, Goh M, Chen Z. Bacteria-driven nanosonosensitizer delivery system for enhanced breast cancer treatment through sonodynamic therapy-induced immunogenic cell death. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:167. [PMID: 38610042 PMCID: PMC11010413 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has shown promise as a non-invasive cancer treatment due to its local effects and excellent tissue penetration. However, the limited accumulation of sonosensitizers at the tumor site hinders its therapeutic efficacy. Although nanosonosensitizers have improved local tumor accumulation through passive targeting via the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR), achieving sufficient accumulation and penetration into tumors remains challenging due to tumor heterogeneity and inaccurate targeting. Bacteria have become a promising biological carrier due to their unique characteristic of active targeting and deeper penetration into the tumor. METHODS In this study, we developed nanosonosensitizers consisting of sonosensitizer, hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME), and perfluoro-n-pentane (PFP) loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanodroplets (HPNDs). These HPNDs were covalently conjugated onto the surface of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) using carbodiimine chemistry. EcN acted as an active targeting micromotor for efficient transportation of the nanosonosensitizers to the tumor site in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment. Under ultrasound cavitation, the HPNDs were disrupted, releasing HMME and facilitating its uptakes by cancer cells. This process induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell apoptosis and immunogenic cell death (ICD) in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Our bacteria-driven nanosonosensitizer delivery system (HPNDs@EcN) achieved superior tumor localization of HMME in vivo compared to the group treated with only nanosonosensitizers. This enhanced local accumulation further improved the therapeutic effect of SDT induced-ICD therapeutic effect and inhibited tumor metastasis under ultrasound stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our research demonstrates the potential of this ultrasound-responsive bacteria-driven nanosonosensitizer delivery system for SDT in TNBC. The combination of targeted delivery using bacteria and nanosonosensitizer-based therapy holds promise for achieving improved treatment outcomes by enhancing local tumor accumulation and stimulating ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Du
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Precision Theranostics and Radiation Protection, College of Hunan Province, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Medical Imaging Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Precision Theranostics and Radiation Protection, College of Hunan Province, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Medical Imaging Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Wangrui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Precision Theranostics and Radiation Protection, College of Hunan Province, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China (Hunan Provincial Veterans Administration Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, 410118, China
| | - Renjie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Precision Theranostics and Radiation Protection, College of Hunan Province, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China (Hunan Provincial Veterans Administration Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, 410118, China
| | - MeeiChyn Goh
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Precision Theranostics and Radiation Protection, College of Hunan Province, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Precision Theranostics and Radiation Protection, College of Hunan Province, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China.
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China.
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Turrini E, Ulfo L, Costantini PE, Saporetti R, Di Giosia M, Nigro M, Petrosino A, Pappagallo L, Kaltenbrunner A, Cantelli A, Pellicioni V, Catanzaro E, Fimognari C, Calvaresi M, Danielli A. Molecular engineering of a spheroid-penetrating phage nanovector for photodynamic treatment of colon cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:144. [PMID: 38494579 PMCID: PMC10944812 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents an emerging strategy to treat various malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CC), the third most common cancer type. This work presents an engineered M13 phage retargeted towards CC cells through pentavalent display of a disulfide-constrained peptide nonamer. The M13CC nanovector was conjugated with the photosensitizer Rose Bengal (RB), and the photodynamic anticancer effects of the resulting M13CC-RB bioconjugate were investigated on CC cells. We show that upon irradiation M13CC-RB is able to impair CC cell viability, and that this effect depends on i) photosensitizer concentration and ii) targeting efficiency towards CC cell lines, proving the specificity of the vector compared to unmodified M13 phage. We also demonstrate that M13CC-RB enhances generation and intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggering CC cell death. To further investigate the anticancer potential of M13CC-RB, we performed PDT experiments on 3D CC spheroids, proving, for the first time, the ability of engineered M13 phage conjugates to deeply penetrate multicellular spheroids. Moreover, significant photodynamic effects, including spheroid disruption and cytotoxicity, were readily triggered at picomolar concentrations of the phage vector. Taken together, our results promote engineered M13 phages as promising nanovector platform for targeted photosensitization, paving the way to novel adjuvant approaches to fight CC malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Turrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita (QUVI), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, C.So D'Augusto, 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Luca Ulfo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Emidio Costantini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Saporetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Giosia
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Nigro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annapaola Petrosino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Pappagallo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alena Kaltenbrunner
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Cantelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza" Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Pellicioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita (QUVI), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, C.So D'Augusto, 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Elena Catanzaro
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita (QUVI), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, C.So D'Augusto, 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alberto Danielli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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5
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Allcroft TJ, Duong JT, Skardal PS, Kovarik ML. Microfluidic single-cell measurements of oxidative stress as a function of cell cycle position. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6481-6490. [PMID: 37682313 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell measurements routinely demonstrate high levels of variation between cells, but fewer studies provide insight into the analytical and biological sources of this variation. This is particularly true of chemical cytometry, in which individual cells are lysed and their contents separated, compared to more established single-cell measurements of the genome and transcriptome. To characterize population-level variation and its sources, we analyzed oxidative stress levels in 1278 individual Dictyostelium discoideum cells as a function of exogenous stress level and cell cycle position. Cells were exposed to varying levels of oxidative stress via singlet oxygen generation using the photosensitizer Rose Bengal. Single-cell data reproduced the dose-response observed in ensemble measurements by CE-LIF, superimposed with high levels of heterogeneity. Through experiments and data analysis, we explored possible biological sources of this heterogeneity. No trend was observed between population variation and oxidative stress level, but cell cycle position was a major contributor to heterogeneity in oxidative stress. Cells synchronized to the same stage of cell division were less heterogeneous than unsynchronized cells (RSD of 37-51% vs 93%), and mitotic cells had higher levels of reactive oxygen species than interphase cells. While past research has proposed changes in cell size during the cell cycle as a source of biological noise, the measurements presented here use an internal standard to normalize for effects of cell volume, suggesting a more complex contribution of cell cycle to heterogeneity of oxidative stress.
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Rana R, Pundir S, Lal UR, Chauhan R, Upadhyay SK, Kumar D. Phytochemistry and biological activity of Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2331-2346. [PMID: 37178275 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Erigeron annuus L. is a flowering herb of North America, Europe, Asia and Russia. This plant is used as folk medicine in China for the cure of indigestion, enteritis, epidemic hepatitis, haematuria and diabetes. Phytochemical studies showed the presence of 170 bioactive compounds like coumarins, flavonoids, terpenoids, polyacetylenic compounds; γ-pyrone derivatives, sterols and various caffeoylquinic acids derived from the essential oil and organic extracts from its various parts such as aerial parts, roots, leaves, stems and flowers. The pharmacological studies demonstrated various extracts and the compounds of E. annuus to exhibit anti-fungal, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, phytotoxic, cytoprotective, antiobesity and antioxidant activities. This article covers a critical compendious on geographical distribution, botanical description, phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activities of E. annuus. However, further in-depth studies are needed to determine the medical uses of E. annuus and its chemical constituents, pharmacological activities and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Rana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Swati Pundir
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, Solan, 173229, India.
| | - Uma Ranjan Lal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, Solan, 173229, India
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, 160062, Mohali, India
| | - Raveen Chauhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, Solan, 173229, India
| | | | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, Solan, 173229, India.
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7
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Naewla S, Prajit R, Sritawan N, Suwannakot K, Sirichoat A, Aranarochana A, Wigmore P, Welbat JU. Hesperidin ameliorates impairment in hippocampal neural stem cells related to apoptosis induced by methotrexate in adult rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115329. [PMID: 37597319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a process of generating neural stem cells (NSCs) as functional neurons can be decreased after chemotherapy treatments. Methotrexate (MTX) is a folate antagonist that is used for cancer treatment but has negative effects, including oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis and cognitive impairments. Hesperidin (Hsd), a flavonoid found in citrus fruits, has antioxidant and neuroprotection properties. This study investigated whether Hsd could attenuate impairments of hippocampal neural stem cells related to apoptosis induced by MTX. Spraque-Dawley rats (n = 24) were divided into 4 groups: (1) Vehicle group received propylene glycol (21 days) and 0.9% normal saline (day 8 and 15), (2) Hsd group received 100 mg/kg (21 days), (3) MTX group received 75 mg/kg (days 8 and 15) and (4) MTX+Hsd group received MTX, 75 mg/kg (day 8 and 15) and Hsd 100 mg/kg (21 days). Our results showed that MTX decreased hippocampal neural stem cells including SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2) and nestin. MTX diminished vascular related (VR) Ki-67 positive cells in the hippocampus but not non-vascular related (NVR) Ki-67. Additionally, MTX reduced SOX2, nestin, postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) and B-cell lymphoma-2 family of proteins (Bcl-2), whereas Bax and caspase-3 were enhanced in the hippocampal tissues. Interestingly, co-treatment with Hsd and MTX revealed upregulation of SOX2, nestin and VR Ki-67 positive cells as well as elevated SOX2, nestin, PSD-95 and Bcl-2 proteins. Moreover, receiving both Hsd and MTX significantly suppressed increased Bax and caspase-3. These results confirm that Hsd can ameliorate MTX-induced impairments of hippocampal NSC proliferation and neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salinee Naewla
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand; Neurogenesis Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ram Prajit
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Neurogenesis Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nataya Sritawan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Neurogenesis Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kornrawee Suwannakot
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand; Neurogenesis Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Sirichoat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Neurogenesis Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Anusara Aranarochana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Neurogenesis Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Peter Wigmore
- Queen's Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jariya Umka Welbat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Neurogenesis Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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8
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Davidson EA, Chen Y, Singh S, Orlicky DJ, Thompson B, Wang Y, Charkoftaki G, Furnary TA, Cardone RL, Kibbey RG, Shearn CT, Nebert DW, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Endocrine pancreas-specific Gclc gene deletion causes a severe diabetes phenotype. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.13.544855. [PMID: 37398356 PMCID: PMC10312708 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.13.544855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Reduced glutathione (GSH) is an abundant antioxidant that regulates intracellular redox homeostasis by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) subunit is the rate-limiting step in GSH biosynthesis. Using the Pax6-Cre driver mouse line, we deleted expression of the Gclc gene in all pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells. Intriguingly, Gclc knockout (KO) mice, following weaning, exhibited an age-related, progressive diabetes phenotype, manifested as strikingly increased blood glucose and decreased plasma insulin levels. This severe diabetes trait is preceded by pathologic changes in islet of weanling mice. Gclc KO weanlings showed progressive abnormalities in pancreatic morphology including: islet-specific cellular vacuolization, decreased islet-cell mass, and alterations in islet hormone expression. Islets from newly-weaned mice displayed impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, decreased insulin hormone gene expression, oxidative stress, and increased markers of cellular senescence. Our results suggest that GSH biosynthesis is essential for normal development of the mouse pancreatic islet, and that protection from oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence might prevent abnormal islet-cell damage during embryogenesis.
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Fujii J, Soma Y, Matsuda Y. Biological Action of Singlet Molecular Oxygen from the Standpoint of Cell Signaling, Injury and Death. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104085. [PMID: 37241826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy transfer to ground state triplet molecular oxygen results in the generation of singlet molecular oxygen (1O2), which has potent oxidizing ability. Irradiation of light, notably ultraviolet A, to a photosensitizing molecule results in the generation of 1O2, which is thought to play a role in causing skin damage and aging. It should also be noted that 1O2 is a dominant tumoricidal component that is generated during the photodynamic therapy (PDT). While type II photodynamic action generates not only 1O2 but also other reactive species, endoperoxides release pure 1O2 upon mild exposure to heat and, hence, are considered to be beneficial compounds for research purposes. Concerning target molecules, 1O2 preferentially reacts with unsaturated fatty acids to produce lipid peroxidation. Enzymes that contain a reactive cysteine group at the catalytic center are vulnerable to 1O2 exposure. Guanine base in nucleic acids is also susceptible to oxidative modification, and cells carrying DNA with oxidized guanine units may experience mutations. Since 1O2 is produced in various physiological reactions in addition to photodynamic reactions, overcoming technical challenges related to its detection and methods used for its generation would allow its potential functions in biological systems to be better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yuya Soma
- Graduate School of Nursing, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuda
- Graduate School of Nursing, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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Pisani A, Paciello F, Montuoro R, Rolesi R, Galli J, Fetoni AR. Antioxidant Therapy as an Effective Strategy against Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: From Experimental Models to Clinic. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041035. [PMID: 37109564 PMCID: PMC10144536 DOI: 10.3390/life13041035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cochlear redox unbalance is the main mechanism of damage involved in the pathogenesis of noise-induced-hearing loss. Indeed, the increased free radical production, in conjunction with a reduced efficacy of the endogenous antioxidant system, plays a key role in cochlear damage induced by noise exposure. For this reason, several studies focused on the possibility to use exogenous antioxidant to prevent or attenuate noise-induce injury. Thus, several antioxidant molecules, alone or in combination with other compounds, have been tested in both experimental and clinical settings. In our findings, we tested the protective effects of several antioxidant enzymes, spanning from organic compounds to natural compounds, such as nutraceuticals of polyphenols. In this review, we summarize and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of antioxidant supplementation focusing on polyphenols, Q-Ter, the soluble form of CoQ10, Vitamin E and N-acetil-cysteine, which showed great otoprotective effects in different animal models of noise induced hearing loss and which has been proposed in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pisani
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Paciello
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Montuoro
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Rolando Rolesi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Galli
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Fetoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry-Audiology Section, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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11
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de Godoi RS, Garcia ALH, Borges MS, George HK, Ferraz ADBF, Corrêa DS, da Silva FR, da Silva J. Protective effect of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. leaf extracts against ethanol-induced DNA damage in SH-SY5Y cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116042. [PMID: 36529249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hovenia dulcis Thunb. has been used as a medicinal herb for the treatment of hepatic diseases and alcohol intoxication. AIM OF THE STUDY The genotoxic effect and the antigenotoxic potential of ethanolic extract of H. dulcis leaves and its methanolic fraction were evaluated against ethanol-induced damages in SH-SY5Y cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of H. dulcis extracts were also assessed. In addition, a systems biology analysis was performed to investigate the molecular pathway of action of the H. dulcis leaves compounds. RESULTS The ethanolic extract and its methanolic fraction presented genotoxicity through comet assay at 0.5 and 0.25 mg/mL. On the other hand, both extracts showed protective action against ethanol at all concentrations. Additionally, an NBT assay was performed and demonstrated an ability of the extracts to reduce superoxide anion formation when SH-SY5Y cells were challenged with ethanol. HPLC analysis indicated the presence of quercitrin, isoquercitrin, and rutin. Further, system biology assays indicated a molecular action pathway, where the compounds from the leaves of H. dulcis, in addition to performing free radical scavenging activity, activate PP2A, and may inhibit the apoptosis pathway activated by ethanol-induced oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS This work is important to indicate potential antigenotoxic and antioxidant properties of H. dulcis leaves, and its use can be investigated against DNA damage induced by ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Souza de Godoi
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Letícia Hilario Garcia
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Health and Human Development (PPGSDH), La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Malu Siqueira Borges
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Hellen Kaiane George
- Product and Development Research Center, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Dione Silva Corrêa
- Product and Development Research Center, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rabaioli da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Health and Human Development (PPGSDH), La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Av. Farroupilha, 8001, 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Health and Human Development (PPGSDH), La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, 92010-000, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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12
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Selenium and tellurium in the development of novel small molecules and nanoparticles as cancer multidrug resistance reversal agents. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 63:100844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Colasuonno F, Marioli C, Tartaglia M, Bertini E, Compagnucci C, Moreno S. New Insights into the Neurodegeneration Mechanisms Underlying Riboflavin Transporter Deficiency (RTD): Involvement of Energy Dysmetabolism and Cytoskeletal Derangement. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061329. [PMID: 35740351 PMCID: PMC9219947 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin transporter deficiency (RTD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by motor, sensory and cranial neuropathy. This childhood-onset neurodegenerative disease is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in either SLC52A2 or SLC52A3 genes, resulting in insufficient supply of riboflavin (vitamin B2) and consequent impairment of flavoprotein-dependent metabolic pathways. Current therapy, empirically based high-dose riboflavin supplementation, ameliorates the progression of the disease, even though response to treatment is variable and partial. Recent studies have highlighted concurrent pathogenic contribution of cellular energy dysmetabolism and cytoskeletal derangement. In this context, patient specific RTD models, based on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, have provided evidence of redox imbalance, involving mitochondrial and peroxisomal dysfunction. Such oxidative stress condition likely causes cytoskeletal perturbation, associated with impaired differentiation of RTD motor neurons. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings obtained using different RTD models. Relevantly, the integration of data from innovative iPSC-derived in vitro models and invertebrate in vivo models may provide essential information on RTD pathophysiology. Such novel insights are expected to suggest custom therapeutic strategies, especially for those patients unresponsive to high-dose riboflavin treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Colasuonno
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (M.T.); (E.B.)
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Marioli
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (M.T.); (E.B.)
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (M.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (M.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Claudia Compagnucci
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (M.T.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (S.M.)
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14
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Neonatal Anesthesia and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040787. [PMID: 35453473 PMCID: PMC9026345 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal anesthesia, while often essential for surgeries or imaging procedures, is accompanied by significant risks to redox balance in the brain due to the relatively weak antioxidant system in children. Oxidative stress is characterized by concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are elevated beyond what can be accommodated by the antioxidant defense system. In neonatal anesthesia, this has been proposed to be a contributing factor to some of the negative consequences (e.g., learning deficits and behavioral abnormalities) that are associated with early anesthetic exposure. In order to assess the relationship between neonatal anesthesia and oxidative stress, we first review the mechanisms of action of common anesthetic agents, the key pathways that produce the majority of ROS, and the main antioxidants. We then explore the possible immediate, short-term, and long-term pathways of neonatal-anesthesia-induced oxidative stress. We review a large body of literature describing oxidative stress to be evident during and immediately following neonatal anesthesia. Moreover, our review suggests that the short-term pathway has a temporally limited effect on oxidative stress, while the long-term pathway can manifest years later due to the altered development of neurons and neurovascular interactions.
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15
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Kakouri AC, Votsi C, Oulas A, Nicolaou P, Aureli M, Lunghi G, Samarani M, Compagnoni GM, Salani S, Di Fonzo A, Christophides T, Tanteles GA, Zamba-Papanicolaou E, Pantzaris M, Spyrou GM, Christodoulou K. Transcriptomic characterization of tissues from patients and subsequent pathway analyses reveal biological pathways that are implicated in spastic ataxia. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:29. [PMID: 35277195 PMCID: PMC8917697 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spastic ataxias (SAs) encompass a group of rare and severe neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by an overlap between ataxia and spastic paraplegia clinical features. They have been associated with pathogenic variants in a number of genes, including GBA2. This gene codes for the non-lysososomal β-glucosylceramidase, which is involved in sphingolipid metabolism through its catalytic role in the degradation of glucosylceramide. However, the mechanism by which GBA2 variants lead to the development of SA is still unclear. METHODS In this work, we perform next-generation RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), in an attempt to discover differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in lymphoblastoid, fibroblast cell lines and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons derived from patients with SA, homozygous for the GBA2 c.1780G > C missense variant. We further exploit DEGs in pathway analyses in order to elucidate candidate molecular mechanisms that are implicated in the development of the GBA2 gene-associated SA. RESULTS Our data reveal a total of 5217 genes with significantly altered expression between patient and control tested tissues. Furthermore, the most significant extracted pathways are presented and discussed for their possible role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Among them are the oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, sphingolipid signaling and metabolism, PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our work examines for the first time the transcriptome profiles of GBA2-associated SA patients and suggests pathways and pathway synergies that could possibly have a role in SA pathogenesis. Lastly, it provides a list of DEGs and pathways that could be further validated towards the discovery of disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C. Kakouri
- Department of Neurogenetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christina Votsi
- Department of Neurogenetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Anastasis Oulas
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paschalis Nicolaou
- Department of Neurogenetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20090 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Lunghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20090 Milano, Italy
| | - Maura Samarani
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire ét PathogénèseDépartement de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Giacomo M. Compagnoni
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Monza, Milan Italy
| | - Sabrina Salani
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - George A. Tanteles
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Zamba-Papanicolaou
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Neurology Clinic D, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marios Pantzaris
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Neurology Clinic C, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George M. Spyrou
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyproula Christodoulou
- Department of Neurogenetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
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16
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Mun H, Townley HE. Mechanism of Action of the Sesquiterpene Compound Helenalin in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121258. [PMID: 34959659 PMCID: PMC8703838 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most frequent soft tissue sarcoma in paediatric patients. Relapsed or refractory RMS shows very low 5-year survival rates, which urgently necessitates new chemotherapy agents. Herein, the sesquiterpene lactone, helenalin, was investigated as a new potential therapeutic agent against the embryonal RMS (eRMS) and alveolar RMS (aRMS) cells. We have evaluated in vitro antiproliferative efficacy of helenalin on RMS cells by the MTT and wound healing assay, and estimated several cell death pathways by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and immunoblotting. It was shown that helenalin was able to increase reactive oxygen species levels, decrease mitochondrial membrane potential, trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress and deactivate the NF-κB pathway. Confirmation was obtained through the use of antagonistic compounds which alleviated the effects of helenalin in the corresponding pathways. Our findings demonstrate that oxidative stress is the pivotal mechanism of action of helenalin in promoting RMS cell death in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakmin Mun
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
| | - Helen Elizabeth Townley
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-01865283792
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17
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Ahangar-Sirous R, Poudineh M, Ansari A, Nili A, Dana SMMA, Nasiri Z, Hosseini ZS, Karami D, Mokhtari M, Deravi N. Pharmacotherapeutic Potential of Garlic in Age-Related Neurological Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:377-398. [PMID: 34579639 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210927101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Age-related neurological disorders [ANDs] involve neurodegenerative diseases [NDDs] such as Alzheimer's disease [AD], the most frequent kind of dementia in elderly people, and Parkinson's disease [PD], and also other disorders like epilepsy and migraine. Although ANDs are multifactorial, Aging is a principal risk factor for them. The common and most main pathologic features among ANDs are inflammation, oxidative stress, and misfolded proteins accumulation. Since failing brains caused by ANDs impose a notable burden on public health and their incidence is increasing, a lot of works has been done to overcome them. Garlic, Allium sativum, has been used for different medical purposes globally and more than thousands of publications have reported its health benefits. Garlic and aged garlic extract are considered potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidants agents and can have remarkable neuroprotective effects. This review is aimed to summarize knowledge on the pharmacotherapeutic potential of garlic and its components in ANDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arina Ansari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd. Iran
| | - Ali Nili
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord. Iran
| | | | - Zahra Nasiri
- Student's Research Committee, School of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | | | - Dariush Karami
- Student's Research Committee, School of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Melika Mokhtari
- Student Research Committee, Dental Faculty, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran. Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student's Research Committee, School of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
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18
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Ku CC, Wuputra K, Kato K, Pan JB, Li CP, Tsai MH, Noguchi M, Nakamura Y, Liu CJ, Chan TF, Hou MF, Wakana S, Wu YC, Lin CS, Wu DC, Yokoyama KK. Deletion of Jdp2 enhances Slc7a11 expression in Atoh-1 positive cerebellum granule cell progenitors in vivo. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:369. [PMID: 34187574 PMCID: PMC8243712 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cerebellum is the sensitive region of the brain to developmental abnormalities related to the effects of oxidative stresses. Abnormal cerebellar lobe formation, found in Jun dimerization protein 2 (Jdp2)-knockout (KO) mice, is related to increased antioxidant formation and a reduction in apoptotic cell death in granule cell progenitors (GCPs). Here, we aim that Jdp2 plays a critical role of cerebellar development which is affected by the ROS regulation and redox control. Objective Jdp2-promoter-Cre transgenic mouse displayed a positive signal in the cerebellum, especially within granule cells. Jdp2-KO mice exhibited impaired development of the cerebellum compared with wild-type (WT) mice. The antioxidation controlled gene, such as cystine-glutamate transporter Slc7a11, might be critical to regulate the redox homeostasis and the development of the cerebellum. Methods We generated the Jdp2-promoter-Cre mice and Jdp2-KO mice to examine the levels of Slc7a11, ROS levels and the expressions of antioxidation related genes were examined in the mouse cerebellum using the immunohistochemistry. Results The cerebellum of Jdp2-KO mice displayed expression of the cystine-glutamate transporter Slc7a11, within the internal granule layer at postnatal day 6; in contrast, the WT cerebellum mainly displayed Sla7a11 expression in the external granule layer. Moreover, development of the cerebellar lobes in Jdp2-KO mice was altered compared with WT mice. Expression of Slc7a11, Nrf2, and p21Cip1 was higher in the cerebellum of Jdp2-KO mice than in WT mice. Conclusion Jdp2 is a critical regulator of Slc7a11 transporter during the antioxidation response, which might control the growth, apoptosis, and differentiation of GCPs in the cerebellar lobes. These observations are consistent with our previous study in vitro. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02424-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Ku
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Koahsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kenly Wuputra
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Koahsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kohsuke Kato
- Department of Infection Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Jia-Bin Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Koahsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Pei Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Koahsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ho Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
| | - Michiya Noguchi
- Cell Engineering Division, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Chung-Jung Liu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Koahsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Division of gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung University Hospital, 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Fu Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Shigeharu Wakana
- Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan.,Department of Animal Experimentation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Hygo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Koahsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Division of gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung University Hospital, 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kazunari K Yokoyama
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Koahsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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19
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Shipunova VO, Sogomonyan AS, Zelepukin IV, Nikitin MP, Deyev SM. PLGA Nanoparticles Decorated with Anti-HER2 Affibody for Targeted Delivery and Photoinduced Cell Death. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133955. [PMID: 34203547 PMCID: PMC8271481 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of enhanced permeability and retention is often not sufficient for highly effective cancer therapy with nanoparticles, and the development of active targeted drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles is probably the main direction of modern cancer medicine. To meet the challenge, we developed polymer PLGA nanoparticles loaded with fluorescent photosensitive xanthene dye, Rose Bengal, and decorated with HER2-recognizing artificial scaffold protein, affibody ZHER2:342. The obtained 170 nm PLGA nanoparticles possess both fluorescent and photosensitive properties. Namely, under irradiation with the green light of 540 nm nanoparticles, they produced reactive oxygen species leading to cancer cell death. The chemical conjugation of PLGA with anti-HER2 affibody resulted in the selective binding of nanoparticles only to HER2-overexpressing cancer cells. HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that belongs to the EGFR/ERbB family and is overexpressed in 30% of breast cancers, thus serving as a clinically relevant oncomarker. However, the standard targeting molecules such as full-size antibodies possess serious drawbacks, such as high immunogenicity and the need for mammalian cell production. We believe that the developed affibody-decorated targeted photosensitive PLGA nanoparticles will provide new solutions for ongoing problems in cancer diagnostics and treatment, as well in cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Olegovna Shipunova
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.S.); (I.V.Z.); (M.P.N.); (S.M.D.)
- Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 31 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115409 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Department of Nanobiomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-985-2519909
| | - Anna Samvelovna Sogomonyan
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.S.); (I.V.Z.); (M.P.N.); (S.M.D.)
- Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 31 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Vladimirovich Zelepukin
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.S.); (I.V.Z.); (M.P.N.); (S.M.D.)
- Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 31 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115409 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Maxim Petrovich Nikitin
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.S.); (I.V.Z.); (M.P.N.); (S.M.D.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Department of Nanobiomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Sergey Mikhailovich Deyev
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.S.); (I.V.Z.); (M.P.N.); (S.M.D.)
- Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 31 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115409 Moscow, Russia
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20
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Kee TR, Espinoza Gonzalez P, Wehinger JL, Bukhari MZ, Ermekbaeva A, Sista A, Kotsiviras P, Liu T, Kang DE, Woo JAA. Mitochondrial CHCHD2: Disease-Associated Mutations, Physiological Functions, and Current Animal Models. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:660843. [PMID: 33967741 PMCID: PMC8100248 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.660843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare mutations in the mitochondrial protein coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 2 (CHCHD2) are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and other Lewy body disorders. CHCHD2 is a bi-organellar mediator of oxidative phosphorylation, playing crucial roles in regulating electron flow in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and acting as a nuclear transcription factor for a cytochrome c oxidase subunit (COX4I2) and itself in response to hypoxic stress. CHCHD2 also regulates cell migration and differentiation, mitochondrial cristae structure, and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the known disease-associated mutations of CHCHD2 in Asian and Caucasian populations, the physiological functions of CHCHD2, how CHCHD2 mutations contribute to α-synuclein pathology, and current animal models of CHCHD2. Further, we discuss the necessity of continued investigation into the divergent functions of CHCHD2 and CHCHD10 to determine how mutations in these similar mitochondrial proteins contribute to different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa R Kee
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Jessica L Wehinger
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Mohammed Zaheen Bukhari
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Aizara Ermekbaeva
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Apoorva Sista
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Peter Kotsiviras
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Tian Liu
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - David E Kang
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans Administration Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jung-A A Woo
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
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21
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Muradyan GA, Gudkova ES, Khilazheva ED, Morgun AV, Malinovskaya NA, Salmina AB, Salmin VV. [Effect of sliding discharge on proliferation and death of brain microvessel endothelial cells in vitro]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2021; 67:150-157. [PMID: 33860772 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20216702150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The dose-dependent effects of plasma exposure to a unipolar nanosecond sliding discharge over the surface of the culture medium in a closed plate on the cells of cerebral endothelium in vitro were studied. Using a 24-well plate, the surface plasma energy density of one pulse was 360 μJ/cm2 at a pulse frequency of 100 Hz. It has been shown that in the creeping discharge plasma there is an active excitation of air molecules, the formation of positive nitrogen and oxygen ions, and the formation of carbon monoxide. In the dose density range of 0-32 J/cm2, the dose-dependent effects were assessed in the 4-12 h post-radiation period. Cell death was analyzed with an assessment of the total number of cells, necrotic cells, cells in apoptosis (phosphatidylserine externalization, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation) and their proliferative activity (Ki67-immunopositive cells). A preliminary assessment of subtle dose-dependent effects indicates the peculiarities of the effect of small doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Muradyan
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - E S Gudkova
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - E D Khilazheva
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - A V Morgun
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - N A Malinovskaya
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - A B Salmina
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - V V Salmin
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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22
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Yang X, Guo Z, Cao F, Teng Z, Huang Z, Sun X. Rs41291957 polymorphism in the promoter region of microRNA‑143 serves as a prognostic biomarker for patients with intracranial hemorrhage. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:295. [PMID: 33649782 PMCID: PMC7930929 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the function of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs41291957 in the prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of microRNA (miR)‑143, Toll‑like receptor 2 (TLR2) and interleukin‑16 (IL‑16) were studied in patients with ICH that carried different alleles in the locus of the rs41291957 SNP. Kaplan‑Meier survival curves were calculated for 182 patients with ICH, genotyped as CC, presenting a cytosine in both chromosome, CT, presenting both variants, and TT, presents a thymine in both chromosomes. In addition, the possible regulatory relationships between miR‑143 and TLR2/IL‑16 were studied using computational analysis, luciferase assays and western blot assay. In addition, the inflammatory profiles of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples collected from the subjects were compared. The patients genotyped as TT presented the lowest survival rate, while patients genotyped as CC presented the highest survival rate. TLR2 mRNA was identified as a potential target of miR‑143, while IL‑16 showed no direct interaction with miR‑143. The above regulatory relationships were further investigated using cells transfected with miR‑143 precursor or TLR2 small interfering RNA. In addition, the expression levels of inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor α, interferon, IL‑6, IL‑10 and NF‑L‑6, were highest in the CSF/serum samples collected from patients genotyped as TT and lowest in patients genotyped as CC. By contrast, the expression levels of miR‑143 showed an opposite trend in the expression of the above inflammatory factors. The rs41291957 SNP, located in the promoter region of miR‑143, reduced the expression of miR‑143 and upregulated the expression of the pro‑inflammatory factor TLR2, eventually leading to a poorer prognosis in patients with ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Zongduo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Teng
- Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400000, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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23
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Aloe Vera-Mediated Te Nanostructures: Highly Potent Antibacterial Agents and Moderated Anticancer Effects. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020514. [PMID: 33670538 PMCID: PMC7922676 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics are two of the most worrying healthcare concerns that humanity is facing nowadays. Some of the most promising solutions for these healthcare problems may come from nanomedicine. While the traditional synthesis of nanomaterials is often accompanied by drawbacks such as high cost or the production of toxic by-products, green nanotechnology has been presented as a suitable solution to overcome such challenges. In this work, an approach for the synthesis of tellurium (Te) nanostructures in aqueous media has been developed using aloe vera (AV) extracts as a unique reducing and capping agent. Te-based nanoparticles (AV-TeNPs), with sizes between 20 and 60 nm, were characterized in terms of physicochemical properties and tested for potential biomedical applications. A significant decay in bacterial growth after 24 h was achieved for both Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli at a relative low concentration of 5 µg/mL, while there was no cytotoxicity towards human dermal fibroblasts after 3 days of treatment. AV-TeNPs also showed anticancer properties up to 72 h within a range of concentrations between 5 and 100 µg/mL. Consequently, here, we present a novel and green approach to produce Te-based nanostructures with potential biomedical applications, especially for antibacterial and anticancer applications.
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24
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Hor SL, Teoh SL, Lim WL. Plant Polyphenols as Neuroprotective Agents in Parkinson's Disease Targeting Oxidative Stress. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:458-476. [PMID: 31625473 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191017120505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the human midbrain. Various ongoing research studies are competing to understand the pathology of PD and elucidate the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. Current pharmacological treatments primarily focused on improving dopamine metabolism in PD patients, despite the side effects of long-term usage. In recent years, it is recognized that oxidative stress-mediated pathways lead to neurodegeneration in the brain, which is associated with the pathophysiology of PD. The importance of oxidative stress is often less emphasized when developing potential therapeutic approaches. Natural plant antioxidants have been shown to mediate the oxidative stress-induced effects in PD, which has gained considerable attention in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Yet, clinical trials on natural polyphenol compounds are limited, restricting the potential use of these compounds as an alternative treatment for PD. Therefore, this review provides an understanding of the oxidative stress-induced effects in PD by elucidating the underlying events contributing to oxidative stress and explore the potential use of polyphenols in improving the oxidative status in PD. Preclinical findings have supported the potential of polyphenols in providing neuroprotection against oxidative stress-induced toxicity in PD. However, limiting factors, such as safety and bioavailability of polyphenols, warrant further investigations so as to make them the potential target for clinical applications in the treatment and management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Lee Hor
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Ling Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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25
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Nandi A, Chowdhuri DK. Cadmium mediated redox modulation in germline stem cells homeostasis affects reproductive health of Drosophila males. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123737. [PMID: 33254766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of male germline stem cells (GSCs) homeostasis is crucial for successful reproductive life of adults. New insights gained on dysfunction in stem cell maintenance could be the basis of stem cell dependent ailment during adulthood. Cadmium (Cd), a reported male reproductive toxicant, has been explored inadequately for its impact on male GSCs maintenance. The present study, therefore, has been aimed to evaluate the adverse effect of Cd on the homeostasis of GSCs by using Drosophila testis as an in vivo model. Following developmental exposure of environmentally relevant concentrations of Cd (5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 μg/mL) to Drosophila, we showed that a significantly increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at 20.0 μg/mL of Cd resulted in alteration of GSCs number accompanied by inappropriate differentiation leading to reduced sperm number and eventually poor reproductive performance in exposed organism. Rescuing effect was evident by overexpressing sod in the early germ cell stage. The study suggests that an alteration in GSCs homeostasis due to redox imbalance plays a pivotal role in Cd induced failure in male fertility. The study further advocates for the use of Drosophila as an alternative animal model for in vivo evaluation of male GSCs toxicity with minimal ethical concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abik Nandi
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debapratim Kar Chowdhuri
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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26
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Kundu A, McCoy L, Azim N, Nguyen H, Didier CM, Ausaf T, Sharma AD, Curley JL, Moore MJ, Rajaraman S. Fabrication and Characterization of 3D Printed, 3D Microelectrode Arrays for Interfacing with a Peripheral Nerve-on-a-Chip. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 7:3018-3029. [PMID: 34275292 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a nontraditional fabrication technique for the realization of three-dimensional (3D) microelectrode arrays (MEAs) capable of interfacing with 3D cellular networks in vitro. The technology uses cost-effective makerspace microfabrication techniques to fabricate the 3D MEAs with 3D printed base structures with the metallization of the microtowers and conductive traces being performed by stencil mask evaporation techniques. A biocompatible lamination layer insulates the traces for realization of 3D microtower MEAs (250 μm base diameter, 400 μm height). The process has additionally been extended to realize smaller electrodes (30 μm × 30 μm) at a height of 400 μm atop the 3D microtower using laser micromachining of an additional silicon dioxide (SiO2) insulation layer. A 3D microengineered, nerve-on-a-chip in vitro model for recording and stimulating electrical activity of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells has further been integrated with the 3D MEA. We have characterized the 3D electrodes for electrical, chemical, electrochemical, biological, and chip hydration stability performance metrics. A decrease in impedance from 1.8 kΩ to 670 Ω for the microtower electrodes and 55 to 39 kΩ for the 30 μm × 30 μm microelectrodes can be observed for an electrophysiologically relevant frequency of 1 kHz upon platinum electroless plating. Biocompatibility assays on the components of the system resulted in a large range (∼3%-70% live cells), depending on the components. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the resin material start to reveal possible compositional clues for the resin, and the hydration stability is demonstrated in in-vitro-like conditions for 30 days. The fabricated 3D MEAs are rapidly produced with minimal usage of a cleanroom and are fully functional for electrical interrogation of the 3D organ-on-a-chip models for high-throughput of pharmaceutical screening and toxicity testing of compounds in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avra Kundu
- NanoScience Technology Center (NSTC), University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Laurie McCoy
- AxoSim, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Nilab Azim
- NanoScience Technology Center (NSTC), University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Hieu Nguyen
- AxoSim, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Charles M Didier
- NanoScience Technology Center (NSTC), University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States.,Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Tariq Ausaf
- NanoScience Technology Center (NSTC), University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States.,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Anup D Sharma
- AxoSim, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - J Lowry Curley
- AxoSim, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Michael J Moore
- AxoSim, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Swaminathan Rajaraman
- NanoScience Technology Center (NSTC), University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States.,Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States.,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
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27
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Szlasa W, Supplitt S, Drąg-Zalesińska M, Przystupski D, Kotowski K, Szewczyk A, Kasperkiewicz P, Saczko J, Kulbacka J. Effects of curcumin based PDT on the viability and the organization of actin in melanotic (A375) and amelanotic melanoma (C32) - in vitro studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110883. [PMID: 33113417 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a turmeric, antioxidative compound, well-known of its anti-cancer properties. Nowadays more and more effort is made in the field of enhancing the efficiency of the anticancer therapies. Combining the photoactive properties of curcumin with the superficial localization of melanoma and photodynamic therapy (PDT) seems to be a promising treatment method. The research focused on the evaluation of the curcumin effectiveness as an anticancer therapeutic agent in the in vitro treatment of melanotic (A375) and amelanotic (C32) melanoma cell lines. Keratinocytes (HaCat) and fibroblasts (HGF) were used to assess the impact of the therapy on the skin tissue. The aim of the study was to investigate the cell death after exposure to light irradiation after preincubation with curcumin. Additionaly the authors analized the interactions between curcumin and the actin cytoskeleton. The cytotoxic effect initiated by curcumin and increased by irradiation confirm the usefulness of the flavonoid in the PDT approach. Depending on curcumin concentration and incubation time, melanoma cells survival rate ranged from: 93.68 % (C32 cell line, 10 μM, 24 h) and 83.47 % (A375 cell line, 10 μM, 24 h) to 8.98 % (C32 cell line, 50 μM, 48 h) and 12.42 % (A375 cell line, 50 μM, 48 h). Moreover, photodynamic therapy with curcumin increased the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells in comparison to incubation with curcumin without irradiation. The study demonstrated that PDT induced caspase-3 overexpression and DNA cleavage in the studied cell lines. The cells revealed decreased proliferation after the therapy due to the actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. Although effective, the therapy remains not selective towards melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Szlasa
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Dawid Przystupski
- Department of Paediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology and Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna Szewczyk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Kasperkiewicz
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
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28
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Malko P, Jiang LH. TRPM2 channel-mediated cell death: An important mechanism linking oxidative stress-inducing pathological factors to associated pathological conditions. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101755. [PMID: 33130440 PMCID: PMC7600390 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress resulting from the accumulation of high levels of reactive oxygen species is a salient feature of, and a well-recognised pathological factor for, diverse pathologies. One common mechanism for oxidative stress damage is via the disruption of intracellular ion homeostasis to induce cell death. TRPM2 is a non-selective Ca2+-permeable cation channel with a wide distribution throughout the body and is highly sensitive to activation by oxidative stress. Recent studies have collected abundant evidence to show its important role in mediating cell death induced by miscellaneous oxidative stress-inducing pathological factors, both endogenous and exogenous, including ischemia/reperfusion and the neurotoxicants amyloid-β peptides and MPTP/MPP+ that cause neuronal demise in the brain, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, proinflammatory mediators that disrupt endothelial function, diabetogenic agent streptozotocin and diabetes risk factor free fatty acids that induce loss of pancreatic β-cells, bile acids that damage pancreatic acinar cells, renal ischemia/reperfusion and albuminuria that are detrimental to kidney cells, acetaminophen that triggers hepatocyte death, and nanoparticles that injure pericytes. Studies have also shed light on the signalling mechanisms by which these pathological factors activate the TRPM2 channel to alter intracellular ion homeostasis leading to aberrant initiation of various cell death pathways. TRPM2-mediated cell death thus emerges as an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of conditions including ischemic stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, pancreatitis, chronic kidney disease, liver damage and neurovascular injury. These findings raise the exciting perspective of targeting the TRPM2 channel as a novel therapeutic strategy to treat such oxidative stress-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Malko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xinxiang Medical University, PR China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK.
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29
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Pannangrong W, Welbat JU, Chaichun A, Sripanidkulchai B. Effect of combined extracts of aged garlic, ginger, and chili peppers on cognitive performance and brain antioxidant markers in Aβ-induced rats. Exp Anim 2020; 69:269-278. [PMID: 32051390 PMCID: PMC7445057 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of aged garlic, ginger, and chili peppers extracts (AGC) was studied by high-performance liquid chromatography, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and ferric-reducing antioxidant assays, and oxidative stress markers were analyzed in Aβ1-42-induced rats. The AGC was orally administered to Wistar rats at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight (AGC125, AGC250, AGC500, respectively) for 64 days. At day 56, Aβ1-42 was injected via both sides of the lateral ventricles. The effects of the AGC on spatial and recognition memory were examined using a Morris water maze and novel object recognition tasks. Rats induced with Aβ1-42 exhibited obvious cognitive deficits, as demonstrated by their increased escape latency time (ET) and decreased retention time (RT) and percentage of discriminative index (DI). When compared with the control group, all AGC-treated rats showed significantly shorter ETs and higher DIs during the 5-min delay testing phase. Rats treated with AGC250 also had significantly longer RTs. Administration of Aβ1-42 significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels in the rat brain homogenate. Pretreatment with the AGC caused significant increases in SOD, GPx, and CAT activities, as well as a significant decrease in MDA in the rat brain homogenates after Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Our results suggested that an AGC may ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in Aβ-treated rats due to its role in the upregulation of SOD, GPx, and CAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanassanun Pannangrong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Road, Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Road, Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jariya Umka Welbat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Road, Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Road, Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Neuroscience Research and Development Group, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Road, Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Amnard Chaichun
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Road, Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Bungorn Sripanidkulchai
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Road, Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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30
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Kim NH, Kim HK, Lee JH, Jo SI, Won HM, Lee GS, Lee HS, Nam KW, Kim WJ, Han MD. Juglone Suppresses LPS-induced Inflammatory Responses and NLRP3 Activation in Macrophages. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133104. [PMID: 32646056 PMCID: PMC7412499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3) inflammasome has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases. Thus, inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome have emerged as promising approaches to treat inflammation-related diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of juglone (5-hydroxyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The inhibitory effects of juglone on nitric oxide (NO) production were assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated J774.1 cells by Griess assay, while its effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NLRP3 ATPase activity were assessed. The expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18) and cytotoxicity of juglone in J774.1 cells were also determined. Juglone was non-toxic in J774.1 cells when used at 10 μM (p < 0.01). Juglone treatment inhibited the production of ROS and NO. The levels of NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1, as well as the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, were decreased by treatment with juglone in a concentration-dependent manner. Juglone also inhibited the ATPase activities of NLRP3 in LPS/ATP-stimulated J774.1 macrophages. Our results suggested that juglone could inhibit inflammatory cytokine production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages, and should be considered as a therapeutic strategy for inflammation-related diseases.
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31
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Ku CC, Wuputra K, Kato K, Lin WH, Pan JB, Tsai SC, Kuo CJ, Lee KH, Lee YL, Lin YC, Saito S, Noguchi M, Nakamura Y, Miyoshi H, Eckner R, Nagata K, Wu DC, Lin CS, Yokoyama KK. Jdp2-deficient granule cell progenitors in the cerebellum are resistant to ROS-mediated apoptosis through xCT/Slc7a11 activation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4933. [PMID: 32188872 PMCID: PMC7080836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Jun dimerization protein 2 (Jdp2) is expressed predominantly in granule cell progenitors (GCPs) in the cerebellum, as was shown in Jdp2-promoter-Cre transgenic mice. Cerebellum of Jdp2-knockout (KO) mice contains lower number of Atoh-1 positive GCPs than WT. Primary cultures of GCPs from Jdp2-KO mice at postnatal day 5 were more resistant to apoptosis than GCPs from wild-type mice. In Jdp2-KO GCPs, the levels of both the glutamate‒cystine exchanger Sc7a11 and glutathione were increased; by contrast, the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was decreased; these changes confer resistance to ROS-mediated apoptosis. In the absence of Jdp2, a complex of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21Cip1) and Nrf2 bound to antioxidant response elements of the Slc7a11 promoter and provide redox control to block ROS-mediated apoptosis. These findings suggest that an interplay between Jdp2, Nrf2, and p21Cip1 regulates the GCP apoptosis, which is one of critical events for normal development of the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Ku
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Kenly Wuputra
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Kohsuke Kato
- Department of Infection Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, 305-8577, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Wen-Hsin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Jia-Bin Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Shih-Chieh Tsai
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories (NARLabs), Xinshi Dist., 74147, Tainan, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Founder of Gecoll Biomedicine Co. Ltd., Xinshi Dist., 744, Tainan, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Che-Jung Kuo
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories (NARLabs), Xinshi Dist., 74147, Tainan, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Kan-Hung Lee
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories (NARLabs), Nangang Dist., 11599, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yan-Liang Lee
- Welgene Biotech., Inc., 11503, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Ying-Chu Lin
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shigeo Saito
- Saito Laboratory of Cell Technology, Yaita, 329-2192, Tochigi, Japan.,Waseda Research Institute for Science & Engineering, Waseda University, 169-0051, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiya Noguchi
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 305-0074, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 305-0074, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanaomachi, 168-8582, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Richard Eckner
- Departent of. Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, 07-103, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Kyosuke Nagata
- Department of Infection Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, 305-8577, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 80708, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.). .,Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 80424, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| | - Kazunari K Yokoyama
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.). .,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.). .,Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 113-8655, Tokyo, Japan.
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Khaw YM, Cunningham C, Tierney A, Sivaguru M, Inoue M. Neutrophil-selective deletion of Cxcr2 protects against CNS neurodegeneration in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:49. [PMID: 32019585 PMCID: PMC7001284 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic debilitating immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS) driven by demyelination and gray matter neurodegeneration. We previously reported an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) MS mouse model with elevated serum CXCL1 that developed severe and prolonged neuron damage. Our findings suggested that CXCR2 signaling may be important in neuronal damage, thus implicating neutrophils, which express CXCR2 in abundance, as a potential cell type involved. The goals of this study were to determine if CXCR2 signaling in neutrophils mediate neuronal damage and to identify potential mechanisms of damage. Methods EAE was induced in wild-type control and neutrophil-specific Cxcr2 knockout (Cxcr2 cKO) mice by repeated high-dose injections of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis and MOG35–55 peptide. Mice were examined daily for motor deficit. Serum CXCL1 level was determined at different time points throughout disease development. Neuronal morphology in Golgi-Cox stained lumbar spinal cord ventral horn was assessed using recently developed confocal reflection super-resolution technique. Immune cells from CNS and lymphoid organs were quantified by flow cytometry. CNS-derived neutrophils were co-cultured with neuronal crest cells and neuronal cell death was measured. Neutrophils isolated from lymphoid organs were examined for expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-related genes. Thioglycolate-activated neutrophils were isolated, treated with recombinant CXCL1, and measured for ROS production. Results Cxcr2 cKO mice had less severe disease symptoms at peak and late phase when compared to control mice with similar levels of CNS-infiltrating neutrophils and other immune cells despite high levels of circulating CXCL1. Additionally, Cxcr2 cKO mice had significantly reduced CNS neuronal damage in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Neutrophils isolated from control EAE mice induced vast neuronal cell death in vitro when compared with neutrophils isolated from Cxcr2 cKO EAE mice. Neutrophils isolated from control EAE mice, but not Cxcr2 cKO mice, exhibited elevated ROS generation, in addition to heightened Ncf1 and Il1b transcription. Furthermore, recombinant CXCL1 was sufficient to significantly increase neutrophils ROS production. Conclusions CXCR2 signal in neutrophils is critical in triggering CNS neuronal damage via ROS generation, which leads to prolonged EAE disease. These findings emphasize that CXCR2 signaling in neutrophils may be a viable target for therapeutic intervention against CNS neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Ming Khaw
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Claire Cunningham
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,The School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Abigail Tierney
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,The School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mayandi Sivaguru
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. .,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Chen YY, Wang CC, Kao TW, Wu CJ, Chen YJ, Lai CH, Zhou YC, Chen WL. The relationship between lead and cadmium levels and functional dependence among elderly participants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:5932-5940. [PMID: 31863379 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The adverse impacts of lead and cadmium exposure on health outcomes have been reported in the past. Few studies have been conducted on the relationship between lead and cadmium exposures and disability. We evaluated whether lead and cadmium exposures were associated with functional dependence including the total number of disabilities, activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), leisure and social activities (LSA), lower extremity mobility (LEM), and general physical activities (GPA) in an elderly population. A total of 5513 eligible subjects were enrolled in the study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2006. Serum lead and cadmium exposure assessments were performed using atomic absorption spectrometry. Functional dependence was assessed by 19 structured questions. The relationships between lead and cadmium exposures and functional dependence were investigated using by multivariable linear regression models. Q2, Q3, and Q4 of lead exposure were significantly associated with the total number of disabilities, with β coefficients of - 0.62 (95% CI - 0.99, - 0.24), - 0.64 (95% CI - 1.02, - 0.26), and - 0.81 (95% CI - 1.19, - 0.42), respectively. This relationship remained significant in males. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationships between lead and cadmium exposure quartiles and various functional dependence metrics, and we determined that lead content was significantly associated with decreased ADL, LEM, and GPA (p < 0.05) and cadmium content was inversely associated with ADL (p < 0.05). Our study demonstrated a strong relationship between exposure to lead and cadmium and functional dependence in an elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of General Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ching Wang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chen-Jung Wu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Huang Lai
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chao Zhou
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Liyanage SI, Weaver DF. Misfolded proteins as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 118:371-411. [PMID: 31928732 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For decades, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) was defined as a disorder of protein misfolding and aggregation. In particular, the extracellular peptide fragment: amyloid-β (Aβ), and the intracellular microtubule-associated protein: tau, were thought to initiate a neurodegenerative cascade which culminated in AD's progressive loss of memory and executive function. As such, both proteins became the focus of intense scrutiny, and served as the principal pathogenic target for hundreds of clinical trials. However, with varying efficacy, none of these investigations produced a disease-modifying therapy - offering patients with AD little recourse aside from transient, symptomatic medications. The near universal failure of clinical trials is unprecedented for a major research discipline. In part, this has motivated an increasing skepticism of the relevance of protein misfolding to AD's etiology. Several recent observations, principally the presence of significant protein pathologies in non-demented seniors, have lent credence to an apparent cursory role for Aβ and tau. Herein, we review both Aβ and tau, examining the processes from their biosynthesis to their pathogenesis and evaluate their vulnerability to medicinal intervention. We further attempt to reconcile the apparent failure of trials with the potential these targets hold. Ultimately, we seek to answer if protein misfolding is a viable platform in the pursuit of a disease-arresting strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Imindu Liyanage
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Medicine (Neurology), Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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35
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High-content imaging of 3D-cultured neural stem cells on a 384-pillar plate for the assessment of cytotoxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104765. [PMID: 31923580 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of neurotoxicity has been performed traditionally with animals. However, in vivo studies are highly expensive and time-consuming, and often do not correlate to human outcomes. Thus, there is a need for cost-effective, high-throughput, highly predictive alternative in vitro test methods based on early markers of mechanisms of toxicity. High-content imaging (HCI) assays performed on three-dimensionally (3D) cultured cells could provide better understanding of the mechanism of toxicity needed to predict neurotoxicity in humans. However, current 3D cell culture systems lack the throughput required for screening neurotoxicity against a large number of chemicals. Therefore, we have developed miniature 3D neural stem cell (NSC) culture on a unique 384-pillar plate, which is complementary to conventional 384-well plates. Mitochondrial membrane impairment, intracellular glutathione level, cell membrane integrity, DNA damage, and apoptosis have been tested against 3D-cultured ReNcell VM on the 384-pillar plate with four model compounds rotenone, 4-aminopyridine, digoxin, and topotecan. The HCI assays performed in 3D-cultured ReNcell VM on the 384-pillar plates were highly robust and reproducible as indicated by the average Z' factor of 0.6 and CV values around 12%. From concentration-response curves and IC50 values, mitochondrial membrane impairment appears to be the early stage marker of cell death by the compounds.
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Tripathi V, Subramaniyan SA, Hwang I. Molecular and Cellular Response of Co-cultured Cells toward Cobalt Chloride (CoCl 2)-Induced Hypoxia. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:20882-20893. [PMID: 31867478 PMCID: PMC6921254 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) is a well-known hypoxia mimetic mediator that induces hypoxia-like responses. CoCl2, a mediator confirmed to alleviate hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), has been associated with a variety of hypoxic responses. HIF-1 is the foremost transcriptionfactor that is particularly activated during hypoxia and regulates various genes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the cellular and molecular responses of the co-cultured cells under the influence of the CoCl2-induced hypoxic condition. Mono- and co-cultured C2C12 and 3T3-L1 cells were exposed to CoCl2, and a significant induction in HIF-1, reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidase and a reduction in glutathione and catalase were observed. The expressions of proapoptotic genes like Bax, p53, caspase-9, and caspase-3 were notably increased, whereas the antiapoptotic gene, i.e., Bcl2, was downregulated during hypoxia in mono- as well as co-cultured C2C12 cells. However, the co-cultured C2C12 cells show significantly lower induction in oxidative stress and expression of apoptotic genes in comparison to monocultured C2C12 cells. Whereas, the co-cultured 3T3-L1 cells show comparatively higher oxidative stress and apoptotic event in comparison to monocultured 3T3-L1 cells. The reason may be the communication between the cells and some soluble factors that help in cell survival/death from hypoxia. Moreover, it may also be due to the fact that fat and muscle cells interact and communicate via proximity and mutual ability when growing together. Therefore, the co-culture system provides a unique approach to intercellular communication between the two different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay
Kumar Tripathi
- Department
of Animal Science and BK21 PLUS Program and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sivakumar Allur Subramaniyan
- Department
of Animal Science and BK21 PLUS Program and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Hwang
- Department
of Animal Science and BK21 PLUS Program and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
- E-mail: . Phone/Fax: +82-063-270-2605
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Synthesis, biological activity, and mechanism of action of new 2-pyrimidinyl hydrazone and N-acylhydrazone derivatives, a potent and new classes of antileishmanial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 184:111742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Homma T, Kobayashi S, Fujii J. Induction of ferroptosis by singlet oxygen generated from naphthalene endoperoxide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:519-525. [PMID: 31445701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen causes a cytotoxic process in tumor cells in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and skin photoaging. The mechanism responsible for this cytotoxicity is, however, not fully understood. 1-Methylnaphthalene-4-propionate endoperoxide (MNPE) is a cell-permeable endoperoxide that generates pure singlet oxygen. We previously reported that cell death induced by MNPE did not show the typical profile of apoptosis, and the cause of this cell death remains elusive. We report herein on an investigation of the mechanism for MNPE-induced cell death from the view point of ferroptosis. The findings indicate that the MNPE treatment decreased the viabilities of mouse hepatoma Hepa 1-6 cells in vitro, and that this decrease was accompanied by increases in the concentrations of both intracellular ferrous iron and the level of lipid peroxidation, but that the caspase-mediated apoptotic pathway was not activated. The intracellular levels of cysteine and glutathione were not affected by the MNPE treatment. Importantly, an assay of lactate dehydrogenase activity revealed that the cell death caused by MNPE was suppressed by ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis-specific inhibitor. Collectively, these results strongly indicate that ferroptosis is the main cell death pathway induced by singlet oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Sho Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
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Ruthenium(II) Complexes as Potential Apoptosis Inducers in Cancer Therapy. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2019-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The compound cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) is the most widely used anticancer drug, but due to its serious side effects (including gastrointestinal symptoms, renal tubular injury, neuromuscular complications, and ototoxicity), clinical applications of cisplatin are limited. Therefore, these limitations have provided an encouragement for further research into other transition metal complexes, with an aim to overcome the disadvantages related with cisplatin therapy. In the search for effective complexes that can be targeted against tumor cells, many research groups synthesized various ruthenium( II) complexes with different ligands. Also, newly synthesized ruthenium(II) complexes showed selective anticancer activity against different types of cancer cells. Activity of ruthenium(II) complexes in some cases was even higher than that of cisplatin against the same cells. Precise mechanism of action of ruthenium(II) complexes is not fully understood. The different examples mentioned in this review showed that ruthenium(II) complexes decreased viability of cancer cells by induction of apoptosis and/or by cell cycle arrest which implies their different mechanism of action against different types of cancer cells.
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Holditch SJ, Brown CN, Lombardi AM, Nguyen KN, Edelstein CL. Recent Advances in Models, Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Interventions in Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123011. [PMID: 31226747 PMCID: PMC6627318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent used to treat solid tumours, such as ovarian, head and neck, and testicular germ cell. A known complication of cisplatin administration is acute kidney injury (AKI). The development of effective tumour interventions with reduced nephrotoxicity relies heavily on understanding the molecular pathophysiology of cisplatin-induced AKI. Rodent models have provided mechanistic insight into the pathophysiology of cisplatin-induced AKI. In the subsequent review, we provide a detailed discussion of recent advances in the cisplatin-induced AKI phenotype, principal mechanistic findings of injury and therapy, and pre-clinical use of AKI rodent models. Cisplatin-induced AKI murine models faithfully develop gross manifestations of clinical AKI such as decreased kidney function, increased expression of tubular injury biomarkers, and tubular injury evident by histology. Pathways involved in AKI include apoptosis, necrosis, inflammation, and increased oxidative stress, ultimately providing a translational platform for testing the therapeutic efficacy of potential interventions. This review provides a discussion of the foundation laid by cisplatin-induced AKI rodent models for our current understanding of AKI molecular pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Holditch
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado at Denver, Box C281, 12700 East, 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Carolyn N Brown
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado at Denver, Box C281, 12700 East, 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Andrew M Lombardi
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado at Denver, Box C281, 12700 East, 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Khoa N Nguyen
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado at Denver, Box C281, 12700 East, 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Charles L Edelstein
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado at Denver, Box C281, 12700 East, 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Zolini AM, Carrascal-Triana E, Ruiz de King A, Hansen PJ, Alves Torres CA, Block J. Effect of addition of l-carnitine to media for oocyte maturation and embryo culture on development and cryotolerance of bovine embryos produced in vitro. Theriogenology 2019; 133:135-143. [PMID: 31091484 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of these experiments was to determine the effect of l-carnitine during oocyte maturation or embryo culture on embryo development and cryosurvival. For Experiments 1-3, embryos were produced in vitro using abattoir-derived cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). At d 7 after insemination, embryo development was assessed, and blastocyst and expanded blastocyst stage embryos were harvested and subjected to controlled-rate freezing. Post-thaw cryosurvival was determined by re-expansion and hatching rates at 24, 48 and 72 h post-thaw. In Experiment 1, COCs were matured with or without 3.03 mM l-carnitine. There was no effect of l-carnitine supplementation during maturation on embryo development or post-thaw cryosurvival. In experiment 2, presumptive zygotes were cultured in medium supplemented with or without 5% (v/v) fetal bovine serum and l-carnitine at concentrations of 0.0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3.03 mM. There was no effect of l-carnitine treatment on embryo development, but embryos treated with l-carnitine had increased (P ≤ 0.05) post-thaw re-expansion rates, irrespective of concentration. In experiment 3, presumptive zygotes were cultured with or without 0.75 mM l-carnitine from d 1 to d 4, from d 4 to d 7 or for the entire culture period. There was no effect of l-carnitine during culture on embryo development or post-thaw cryosurvival, regardless of the timing of addition. In Experiment 4, COCs were harvested by ovum pick-up from virgin dairy heifers (n = 24) and subjected to in-vitro embryo production with presumptive zygotes cultured with or without 0.75 mM l-carnitine. At d 7 after insemination, morula and blastocyst stage embryos were harvested and subjected to controlled-rate freezing. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 102) were used as recipients and synchronized for timed embryo transfer. At d 7 after anticipated ovulation, a single embryo was thawed and transferred to the ipsilateral uterine horn of each recipient with a corpus luteum. Pregnancy was diagnosed at d 33, 44 and 72 of gestation. l-carnitine had no effect on the percentage of cows pregnant per embryo transfer (P/ET) after transfer of a frozen-thawed embryo. In conclusion, media supplementation with l-carnitine during in vitro embryo production can improve post-thaw cryotolerance as assessed in vitro but had no effect on P/ET after transfer of frozen-thawed embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Moreira Zolini
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 110910, Gainesville, 32611, USA; Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Erly Carrascal-Triana
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 110910, Gainesville, 32611, USA
| | - Antonio Ruiz de King
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 110910, Gainesville, 32611, USA
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 110910, Gainesville, 32611, USA
| | - Ciro A Alves Torres
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Jeremy Block
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 110910, Gainesville, 32611, USA; OvaTech LLC, 2603 NW 13th St. #174, Gainesville, FL, 32609, USA.
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Raghav A, Ahmad J, Naseem I. Chronic unpredictable environmental stress impair biochemical and physiological homeostasis: Role in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1021-1030. [PMID: 31336438 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic unpredictable environmental stress (CUES) may induce predisposition to diabetes mellitus. This study investigates the role of CUES on impaired homeostasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Stressed group mice (n = 20) were exposed to CUES for 16 weeks. Weekly body weight, feed consumption, feed efficiency ratio, fasting blood glucose were monitored. Plasma HbA1c, plasma cortisol, plasma epinephrine and plasma insulin, serum lipids, antioxidants and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes activity were assessed along with DNA damage and histopathological examination of liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen and skeletal muscles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION s: Fasting blood glucose levels & HbA1c in the stressed were significantly higher compared to control (p < 0.001). Serum lipids were found insignificantly higher in stressed mice compared to control. Body weights of the stressed mice and feed efficiency ratio were found significant (p < 0.001). Plasma corticosterone, plasma epinephrine, HOMA-IR was found to be significantly higher in the stressed group (p < 0.001). Plasma insulin level was found to be significantly lower in the stressed group (p < 0.001). Significant changes were observed in antioxidants level, carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes activity, peripheral tissues and DNA integrity. CUES initiates pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Raghav
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, J.N Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Jamal Ahmad
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, J.N Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Imrana Naseem
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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Filice FP, Ding Z. Analysing single live cells by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Analyst 2019; 144:738-752. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01490f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) offers single live cell activities along its topography toward cellular physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser P. Filice
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
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Hui CW, Song X, Ma F, Shen X, Herrup K. Ibuprofen prevents progression of ataxia telangiectasia symptoms in ATM-deficient mice. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:308. [PMID: 30400801 PMCID: PMC6220455 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation plays a critical role in accelerating the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and ataxia telangiectasia (A-T). In A-T mouse models, LPS-induced neuroinflammation advances the degenerative changes found in cerebellar Purkinje neurons both in vivo and in vitro. In the current study, we ask whether ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), can have the opposite effect and delay the symptoms of the disease. METHODS We tested the beneficial effects of ibuprofen in both in vitro and in vivo models. Conditioned medium from LPS stimulated primary microglia (LM) applied to cultures of dissociated cortical neurons leads to numerous degenerative changes. Pretreatment of the neurons with ibuprofen, however, blocked this damage. Systemic injection of LPS into either adult wild-type or adult Atm-/- mice produced an immune challenge that triggered profound behavioral, biochemical, and histological effects. We used a 2-week ibuprofen pretreatment regimen to investigate whether these LPS effects could be blocked. We also treated young presymptomatic Atm-/- mice to determine if ibuprofen could delay the appearance of symptoms. RESULTS Adding ibuprofen directly to neuronal cultures significantly reduced LM-induced degeneration. Curiously, adding ibuprofen to the microglia cultures before the LPS challenge had little effect, thus implying a direct effect of the NSAID on the neuronal cultures. In vivo administration of ibuprofen to Atm-/- animals before a systemic LPS immune challenge suppressed cytological damage. The ibuprofen effects were widespread as microglial activation, p38 phosphorylation, DNA damage, and neuronal cell cycle reentry were all reduced. Unfortunately, ibuprofen only slightly improved the LPS-induced behavioral deficits. Yet, while the behavioral symptoms could not be reversed once they were established in adult Atm-/- animals, administration of ibuprofen to young mutant pups prevented their symptoms from appearing. CONCLUSION Inflammatory processes impact the normal progression of A-T implying that modulation of the immune system can have therapeutic benefit for both the behavioral and cellular symptoms of this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Wai Hui
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xuan Song
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Fulin Ma
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xuting Shen
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Present address: School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Karl Herrup
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Lee RG, Sedghi M, Salari M, Shearwood AMJ, Stentenbach M, Kariminejad A, Goullee H, Rackham O, Laing NG, Tajsharghi H, Filipovska A. Early-onset Parkinson disease caused by a mutation in CHCHD2 and mitochondrial dysfunction. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2018; 4:e276. [PMID: 30338296 PMCID: PMC6186023 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective Our goal was to identify the gene(s) associated with an early-onset form of Parkinson disease (PD) and the molecular defects associated with this mutation. Methods We combined whole-exome sequencing and functional genomics to identify the genes associated with early-onset PD. We used fluorescence microscopy, cell, and mitochondrial biology measurements to identify the molecular defects resulting from the identified mutation. Results Here, we report an association of a homozygous variant in CHCHD2, encoding coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing protein 2, a mitochondrial protein of unknown function, with an early-onset form of PD in a 26-year-old Caucasian woman. The CHCHD2 mutation in PD patient fibroblasts causes fragmentation of the mitochondrial reticular morphology and results in reduced oxidative phosphorylation at complex I and complex IV. Although patient cells could maintain a proton motive force, reactive oxygen species production was increased, which correlated with an increased metabolic rate. Conclusions Our findings implicate CHCHD2 in the pathogenesis of recessive early-onset PD, expanding the repertoire of mitochondrial proteins that play a direct role in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Lee
- Centre for Medical Research (R.G.L., A.-M.J.S., M. Stentenbach, H.G., O.R., N.G.L., H.T., A.F.), University of Western Australia and the Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Genetics (M. Sedghi), University of Isfahan, Isfahan; Functional Neurosurgery Research Center (M. Salari), Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center (A.K.), Tehran, Iran; School of Molecular Sciences (O.R., A.F.), The University of Western Australia, Crawley; Department of Diagnostic Genomics (N.G.L.), PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; and Division Biomedicine and Public Health (H.T.), School of Health and Education, University of Skovde, Sweden
| | - Maryam Sedghi
- Centre for Medical Research (R.G.L., A.-M.J.S., M. Stentenbach, H.G., O.R., N.G.L., H.T., A.F.), University of Western Australia and the Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Genetics (M. Sedghi), University of Isfahan, Isfahan; Functional Neurosurgery Research Center (M. Salari), Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center (A.K.), Tehran, Iran; School of Molecular Sciences (O.R., A.F.), The University of Western Australia, Crawley; Department of Diagnostic Genomics (N.G.L.), PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; and Division Biomedicine and Public Health (H.T.), School of Health and Education, University of Skovde, Sweden
| | - Mehri Salari
- Centre for Medical Research (R.G.L., A.-M.J.S., M. Stentenbach, H.G., O.R., N.G.L., H.T., A.F.), University of Western Australia and the Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Genetics (M. Sedghi), University of Isfahan, Isfahan; Functional Neurosurgery Research Center (M. Salari), Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center (A.K.), Tehran, Iran; School of Molecular Sciences (O.R., A.F.), The University of Western Australia, Crawley; Department of Diagnostic Genomics (N.G.L.), PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; and Division Biomedicine and Public Health (H.T.), School of Health and Education, University of Skovde, Sweden
| | - Anne-Marie J Shearwood
- Centre for Medical Research (R.G.L., A.-M.J.S., M. Stentenbach, H.G., O.R., N.G.L., H.T., A.F.), University of Western Australia and the Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Genetics (M. Sedghi), University of Isfahan, Isfahan; Functional Neurosurgery Research Center (M. Salari), Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center (A.K.), Tehran, Iran; School of Molecular Sciences (O.R., A.F.), The University of Western Australia, Crawley; Department of Diagnostic Genomics (N.G.L.), PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; and Division Biomedicine and Public Health (H.T.), School of Health and Education, University of Skovde, Sweden
| | - Maike Stentenbach
- Centre for Medical Research (R.G.L., A.-M.J.S., M. Stentenbach, H.G., O.R., N.G.L., H.T., A.F.), University of Western Australia and the Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Genetics (M. Sedghi), University of Isfahan, Isfahan; Functional Neurosurgery Research Center (M. Salari), Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center (A.K.), Tehran, Iran; School of Molecular Sciences (O.R., A.F.), The University of Western Australia, Crawley; Department of Diagnostic Genomics (N.G.L.), PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; and Division Biomedicine and Public Health (H.T.), School of Health and Education, University of Skovde, Sweden
| | - Ariana Kariminejad
- Centre for Medical Research (R.G.L., A.-M.J.S., M. Stentenbach, H.G., O.R., N.G.L., H.T., A.F.), University of Western Australia and the Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Genetics (M. Sedghi), University of Isfahan, Isfahan; Functional Neurosurgery Research Center (M. Salari), Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center (A.K.), Tehran, Iran; School of Molecular Sciences (O.R., A.F.), The University of Western Australia, Crawley; Department of Diagnostic Genomics (N.G.L.), PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; and Division Biomedicine and Public Health (H.T.), School of Health and Education, University of Skovde, Sweden
| | - Hayley Goullee
- Centre for Medical Research (R.G.L., A.-M.J.S., M. Stentenbach, H.G., O.R., N.G.L., H.T., A.F.), University of Western Australia and the Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Genetics (M. Sedghi), University of Isfahan, Isfahan; Functional Neurosurgery Research Center (M. Salari), Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center (A.K.), Tehran, Iran; School of Molecular Sciences (O.R., A.F.), The University of Western Australia, Crawley; Department of Diagnostic Genomics (N.G.L.), PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; and Division Biomedicine and Public Health (H.T.), School of Health and Education, University of Skovde, Sweden
| | - Oliver Rackham
- Centre for Medical Research (R.G.L., A.-M.J.S., M. Stentenbach, H.G., O.R., N.G.L., H.T., A.F.), University of Western Australia and the Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Genetics (M. Sedghi), University of Isfahan, Isfahan; Functional Neurosurgery Research Center (M. Salari), Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center (A.K.), Tehran, Iran; School of Molecular Sciences (O.R., A.F.), The University of Western Australia, Crawley; Department of Diagnostic Genomics (N.G.L.), PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; and Division Biomedicine and Public Health (H.T.), School of Health and Education, University of Skovde, Sweden
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Centre for Medical Research (R.G.L., A.-M.J.S., M. Stentenbach, H.G., O.R., N.G.L., H.T., A.F.), University of Western Australia and the Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Genetics (M. Sedghi), University of Isfahan, Isfahan; Functional Neurosurgery Research Center (M. Salari), Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center (A.K.), Tehran, Iran; School of Molecular Sciences (O.R., A.F.), The University of Western Australia, Crawley; Department of Diagnostic Genomics (N.G.L.), PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; and Division Biomedicine and Public Health (H.T.), School of Health and Education, University of Skovde, Sweden
| | - Homa Tajsharghi
- Centre for Medical Research (R.G.L., A.-M.J.S., M. Stentenbach, H.G., O.R., N.G.L., H.T., A.F.), University of Western Australia and the Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Genetics (M. Sedghi), University of Isfahan, Isfahan; Functional Neurosurgery Research Center (M. Salari), Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center (A.K.), Tehran, Iran; School of Molecular Sciences (O.R., A.F.), The University of Western Australia, Crawley; Department of Diagnostic Genomics (N.G.L.), PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; and Division Biomedicine and Public Health (H.T.), School of Health and Education, University of Skovde, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Filipovska
- Centre for Medical Research (R.G.L., A.-M.J.S., M. Stentenbach, H.G., O.R., N.G.L., H.T., A.F.), University of Western Australia and the Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Genetics (M. Sedghi), University of Isfahan, Isfahan; Functional Neurosurgery Research Center (M. Salari), Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center (A.K.), Tehran, Iran; School of Molecular Sciences (O.R., A.F.), The University of Western Australia, Crawley; Department of Diagnostic Genomics (N.G.L.), PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; and Division Biomedicine and Public Health (H.T.), School of Health and Education, University of Skovde, Sweden
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Impaired Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Synthesis Leads to Neurodegeneration in Mice. J Neurosci 2018; 38:9781-9800. [PMID: 30266742 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3514-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing interest toward mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) since the recent discovery of a neurodegenerative human disorder termed MEPAN (mitochondrial enoyl reductase protein associated neurodegeneration), which is caused by mutations in the mitochondrial enoyl-CoA/ACP (acyl carrier protein) reductase (MECR) carrying out the last step of mtFAS. We show here that MECR protein is highly expressed in mouse Purkinje cells (PCs). To elucidate mtFAS function in neural tissue, here, we generated a mouse line with a PC-specific knock-out (KO) of Mecr, leading to inactivation of mtFAS confined to this cell type. Both sexes were studied. The mitochondria in KO PCs displayed abnormal morphology, loss of protein lipoylation, and reduced respiratory chain enzymatic activities by the time these mice were 6 months of age, followed by nearly complete loss of PCs by 9 months of age. These animals exhibited balancing difficulties ∼7 months of age and ataxic symptoms were evident from 8-9 months of age on. Our data show that impairment of mtFAS results in functional and ultrastructural changes in mitochondria followed by death of PCs, mimicking aspects of the clinical phenotype. This KO mouse represents a new model for impaired mitochondrial lipid metabolism and cerebellar ataxia with a distinct and well trackable cellular phenotype. This mouse model will allow the future investigation of the feasibility of metabolite supplementation approaches toward the prevention of neurodegeneration due to dysfunctional mtFAS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We have recently reported a novel neurodegenerative disorder in humans termed MEPAN (mitochondrial enoyl reductase protein associated neurodegeneration) (Heimer et al., 2016). The cause of neuron degeneration in MEPAN patients is the dysfunction of the highly conserved mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) pathway due to mutations in MECR, encoding mitochondrial 2-enoyl-CoA/ACP reductase. The report presented here describes the analysis of the first mouse model suffering from mtFAS-defect-induced neurodegenerative changes due to specific disruption of the Mecr gene in Purkinje cells. Our work sheds a light on the mechanisms of neurodegeneration caused by mtFAS deficiency and provides a test bed for future treatment approaches.
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The synergistic fungicidal effect of low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound with amphotericin B-loaded nanoparticles on C. albicans in vitro. Int J Pharm 2018; 542:232-241. [PMID: 29559330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is difficult to effectively eradicate C. albicans using traditional antifungal agents, mainly because the low permeability of the C. albicans cell wall creates strong drug resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic fungicidal effect and the underlying mechanisms of low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound combined with a treatment of amphotericin B-loaded nanoparticles (AmB-NPs) against C. albicans. AmB-NPs were prepared by a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) double emulsion method. C. albicans was treated by AmB-NPs combined with 42 kHz ultrasound irradiation at an intensity of 0.30 W/cm2 for 15 min. The results demonstrate that the application of ultrasound enhanced the antibacterial effectiveness of AmB-NPs (P < 0.01), and the antifungal efficiency increased significantly with increasing AmB concentration of drug-loaded nanoparticles under ultrasonic irradiation. Additionally, the mycelial morphology of C. albicans suffered from the most severe damage and loss of normal microbial morphology after the combined treatment of AmB-NPs and ultrasound, as revealed by electron microscope. Furthermore, we verified the safe use of low-frequency ultrasound on exposed skin and discussed the potential mechanism of ultrasound enhanced fungicidal activity. The results reveal that the mechanism may be associated with the ultrasound cavitation effect and an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species.
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Lynnyk A, Lunova M, Jirsa M, Egorova D, Kulikov A, Kubinová Š, Lunov O, Dejneka A. Manipulating the mitochondria activity in human hepatic cell line Huh7 by low-power laser irradiation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9. [PMID: 29541521 PMCID: PMC5846531 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Low-power laser irradiation of red light has been recognized as a promising tool across a vast variety of biomedical applications. However, deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind laser-induced cellular effects remains a significant challenge. Here, we investigated mechanisms involved in the death process in human hepatic cell line Huh7 at a laser irradiation. We decoupled distinct cell death pathways targeted by laser irradiations of different powers. Our data demonstrate that high dose laser irradiation exhibited the highest levels of total reactive oxygen species production, leading to cyclophilin D-related necrosis via the mitochondrial permeability transition. On the contrary, low dose laser irradiation resulted in the nuclear accumulation of superoxide and apoptosis execution. Our findings offer a novel insight into laser-induced cellular responses, and reveal distinct cell death pathways triggered by laser irradiation. The observed link between mitochondria depolarization and triggering ROS could be a fundamental phenomenon in laser-induced cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lynnyk
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Mariia Lunova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, 14021, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jirsa
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, 14021, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Šárka Kubinová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Oleg Lunov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
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Ghitescu RE, Popa AM, Schipanski A, Hirsch C, Yazgan G, Popa VI, Rossi RM, Maniura-Weber K, Fortunato G. Catechin loaded PLGA submicron-sized fibers reduce levels of reactive oxygen species induced by MWCNT in vitro. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 122:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Martineau M, Guzman RE, Fahlke C, Klingauf J. VGLUT1 functions as a glutamate/proton exchanger with chloride channel activity in hippocampal glutamatergic synapses. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2279. [PMID: 29273736 PMCID: PMC5741633 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory transmitter in the vertebrate nervous system. To maintain synaptic efficacy, recycling synaptic vesicles (SV) are refilled with glutamate by vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs). The dynamics and mechanism of glutamate uptake in intact neurons are still largely unknown. Here, we show by live-cell imaging with pH- and chloride-sensitive fluorescent probes in cultured hippocampal neurons of wild-type and VGLUT1-deficient mice that in SVs VGLUT functions as a glutamate/proton exchanger associated with a channel-like chloride conductance. After endocytosis most internalized Cl− is substituted by glutamate in an electrically, and presumably osmotically, neutral manner, and this process is driven by both the Cl− gradient itself and the proton motive force provided by the vacuolar H+-ATPase. Our results shed light on the transport mechanism of VGLUT under physiological conditions and provide a framework for how modulation of glutamate transport via Cl− and pH can change synaptic strength. During neurotransmission synaptic vesicles are filled with glutamate by vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs). Here, authors image intact neurons and show that in synaptic vesicles VGLUT functions as a glutamate/proton exchanger associated with a channel-like chloride conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Martineau
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany. .,University of Bordeaux and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Raul E Guzman
- Institute of Complex Systems, Zelluläre Biophysik (ICS-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christoph Fahlke
- Institute of Complex Systems, Zelluläre Biophysik (ICS-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klingauf
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany. .,IZKF Münster and Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion (CiM), 48149, Muenster, Germany.
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