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Shakya S, Danshiitsoodol N, Noda M, Sugiyama M. Role of Phenolic Acid Metabolism in Enhancing Bioactivity of Mentha Extract Fermented with Plant-Derived Lactobacillus plantarum SN13T. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:1052-1064. [PMID: 37278953 PMCID: PMC11126511 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived lactic acid bacteria are major fermentation organisms that can grow in medicinal herb extracts enriched with phytochemicals like glycosides, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins. Fermentation with strain-specific Lactobacilli harboring metabolic enzymes can increase the bioactivity and bioavailability of medicinal herbs. Fermentation of extracts of Artemisia princeps and Paeonia lactiflora has been previously found to increase their bioactivities. Therefore, this study explores the possibility of increasing the bioactivity of Mentha arvensis (Mentha) extract against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells by fermenting with plant-derived probiotic strains Lactobacillus (Lact.) plantarum SN13T and Pediococcus (Ped.) pentosaceus LP28. As a result, fermentation with SN13T significantly increased the bioactivity of Mentha extract as compared to unfermented or LP28-fermented extracts. This higher bioactivity was associated with the metabolism of rosmarinic acid (RA) and caffeic acid (CA), the major bioactive phenolic acids reported in Mentha, along with the production of the metabolite dihydrocaffeic acid (DHCA). DHCA was found to be a more potent LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) inhibitor than its precursor phenolic acids. The metabolism of RA to DHCA via CA could be mediated by the enzymes cinnamoyl ester hydrolase and hydroxycinnamate reductases, encoded by the ceh gene and the hcrRABC gene operon, respectively, which were identified in the complete genome sequence of Lact. plantarum SN13T but were absent in Ped. pentosaceus LP28. The genes hcrA, hcrB, and hcrC were significantly and time-dependently overexpressed in Lact. plantarum SN13T when grown in the Mentha extract, suggesting the role of phenolic acid metabolism in enhancing its bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrijana Shakya
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Narandalai Danshiitsoodol
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Noda
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masanori Sugiyama
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Clifford MN, Ludwig IA, Pereira-Caro G, Zeraik L, Borges G, Almutairi TM, Dobani S, Bresciani L, Mena P, Gill CIR, Crozier A. Exploring and disentangling the production of potentially bioactive phenolic catabolites from dietary (poly)phenols, phenylalanine, tyrosine and catecholamines. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103068. [PMID: 38377790 PMCID: PMC10891336 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Following ingestion of fruits, vegetables and derived products, (poly)phenols that are not absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract pass to the colon, where they undergo microbiota-mediated ring fission resulting in the production of a diversity of low molecular weight phenolic catabolites, which appear in the circulatory system and are excreted in urine along with their phase II metabolites. There is increasing interest in these catabolites because of their potential bioactivity and their use as biomarkers of (poly)phenol intake. Investigating the fate of dietary (poly)phenolics in the colon has become confounded as a result of the recent realisation that many of the phenolics appearing in biofluids can also be derived from the aromatic amino acids, l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine, and to a lesser extent catecholamines, in reactions that can be catalysed by both colonic microbiota and endogenous mammalian enzymes. The available evidence, albeit currently rather limited, indicates that substantial amounts of phenolic catabolites originate from phenylalanine and tyrosine, while somewhat smaller quantities are produced from dietary (poly)phenols. This review outlines information on this topic and assesses procedures that can be used to help distinguish between phenolics originating from dietary (poly)phenols, the two aromatic amino acids and catecholamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Clifford
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iziar A Ludwig
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Pereira-Caro
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality, IFAPA-Alameda Del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain; Foods for Health Group, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Laila Zeraik
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Sara Dobani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chris I R Gill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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Zamanian MY, Golmohammadi M, Abdullaev B, García MO, Alazbjee AAA, Kumar A, Mohaamed SS, Hussien BM, Khalaj F, Hodaei SM, Shirsalimi N, Moriasi G. A narrative review on therapeutic potential of naringenin in colorectal cancer: Focusing on molecular and biochemical processes. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4011. [PMID: 38583080 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and highly metastatic cancer affecting people worldwide. Drug resistance and unwanted side effects are some of the limitations of current treatments for CRC. Naringenin (NAR) is a naturally occurring compound found in abundance in various citrus fruits such as oranges, grapefruits, and tomatoes. It possesses a diverse range of pharmacological and biological properties that are beneficial for human health. Numerous studies have highlighted its antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities, making it a subject of interest in scientific research. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of NAR on CRC. The study's findings indicated that NAR: (1) interacts with estrogen receptors, (2) regulates the expression of genes related to the p53 signaling pathway, (3) promotes apoptosis by increasing the expression of proapoptotic genes (Bax, caspase9, and p53) and downregulation of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl2, (4) inhibits the activity of enzymes involved in cell survival and proliferation, (5) decreases cyclin D1 levels, (6) reduces the expression of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk4, Cdk6, and Cdk7) and antiapoptotic genes (Bcl2, x-IAP, and c-IAP-2) in CRC cells. In vitro CDK2 binding assay was also performed, showing that the NAR derivatives had better inhibitory activities on CDK2 than NAR. Based on the findings of this study, NAR is a potential therapeutic agent for CRC. Additional pharmacology and pharmacokinetics studies are required to fully elucidate the mechanisms of action of NAR and establish the most suitable dose for subsequent clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yasin Zamanian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Bekhzod Abdullaev
- Central Asian Center of Development Studies, New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- School of Medicine, Central Asian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiology, Samarkand State Medical University
| | - María Olalla García
- Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Ser Humano, Carrera de Enfermería, CP, Guaranda, Ecuador
| | | | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Sameer S Mohaamed
- Department of Pharmacy, Al Rafidain University College, Bagdad, Iraq
| | - Beneen M Hussien
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Fattaneh Khalaj
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Niyousha Shirsalimi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Gervason Moriasi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
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Mendonça ELSS, Xavier JA, Fragoso MBT, Silva MO, Escodro PB, Oliveira ACM, Tucci P, Saso L, Goulart MOF. E-Stilbenes: General Chemical and Biological Aspects, Potential Pharmacological Activity Based on the Nrf2 Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:232. [PMID: 38399446 PMCID: PMC10891666 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Stilbenes are phytoalexins, and their biosynthesis can occur through a natural route (shikimate precursor) or an alternative route (in microorganism cultures). The latter is a metabolic engineering strategy to enhance production due to stilbenes recognized pharmacological and medicinal potential. It is believed that in the human body, these potential activities can be modulated by the regulation of the nuclear factor erythroid derived 2 (Nrf2), which increases the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Given this, our review aims to critically analyze evidence regarding E-stilbenes in human metabolism and the Nrf2 activation pathway, with an emphasis on inflammatory and oxidative stress aspects related to the pathophysiology of chronic and metabolic diseases. In this comprehensive literature review, it can be observed that despite the broad number of stilbenes, those most frequently explored in clinical trials and preclinical studies (in vitro and in vivo) were resveratrol, piceatannol, pterostilbene, polydatin, stilbestrol, and pinosylvin. In some cases, depending on the dose/concentration and chemical nature of the stilbene, it was possible to identify activation of the Nrf2 pathway. Furthermore, the use of some experimental models presented a challenge in comparing results. In view of the above, it can be suggested that E-stilbenes have a relationship with the Nrf2 pathway, whether directly or indirectly, through different biological pathways, and in different diseases or conditions that are mainly related to inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine L. S. S. Mendonça
- Program of the Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, Brazil; (E.L.S.S.M.); (M.O.S.)
| | - Jadriane A. Xavier
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, UFAL, Maceió 57072-900, Brazil; (J.A.X.); (M.B.T.F.)
| | - Marilene B. T. Fragoso
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, UFAL, Maceió 57072-900, Brazil; (J.A.X.); (M.B.T.F.)
| | - Messias O. Silva
- Program of the Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, Brazil; (E.L.S.S.M.); (M.O.S.)
| | | | | | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marília O. F. Goulart
- Program of the Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, Brazil; (E.L.S.S.M.); (M.O.S.)
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Williamson G, Clifford MN. A critical examination of human data for the biological activity of quercetin and its phase-2 conjugates. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-37. [PMID: 38189312 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2299329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
This critical review examines evidence for beneficial effects of quercetin phase-2 conjugates from clinical intervention studies, volunteer feeding trials, and in vitro work. Plasma concentrations of quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (Q3G) and 3'-methylquercetin-3-O-glucuronide (3'MQ3G) after supplementation may produce beneficial effects in macrophages and endothelial cells, respectively, especially if endogenous deglucuronidation occurs, and lower blood uric acid concentration via quercetin-3'-O-sulfate (Q3'S). Unsupplemented diets produce much lower concentrations (<50 nmol/l) rarely investigated in vitro. At 10 nmol/l, Q3'S and Q3G stimulate or suppress, respectively, angiogenesis in endothelial cells. Statistically significant effects have been reported at 100 nmol/l in breast cancer cells (Q3G), primary neuron cultures (Q3G), lymphocytes (Q3G and3'MQ3G) and HUVECs (QG/QS mixture), but it is unclear whether these translate to a health benefit in vivo. More sensitive and more precise methods to measure clinically significant endpoints are required before a conclusion can be drawn regarding effects at normal dietary concentrations. Future requirements include better understanding of inter-individual and temporal variation in plasma quercetin phase-2 conjugates, their mechanisms of action including deglucuronidation and desulfation both in vitro and in vivo, tissue accumulation and washout, as well as potential for synergy or antagonism with other quercetin metabolites and metabolites of other dietary phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael N Clifford
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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An S, Yao Y, Wu J, Hu H, Wu J, Sun M, Li J, Zhang Y, Li L, Qiu W, Li Y, Deng Z, Fang H, Gong S, Huang Q, Chen Z, Zeng Z. Gut-derived 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid attenuates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by upregulating ARC to inhibit necroptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166876. [PMID: 37714058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have found that the plasma content of gut-derived 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA) was significantly increased in septic patients. However, the mechanism of 4-HPA elevation during sepsis and its relationship with sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SAKI) remain unclear. METHODS Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was performed in C57BL/6 mice to establish the SAKI animal model. Human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide were used to establish the SAKI cell model. The widely targeted metabolomics was applied to analyze the renal metabolite changes after CLP. Proteomics was used to explore potential target proteins regulated by 4-HPA. The blood sample of clinical sepsis patients was collected to examine the 4-HPA content. RESULTS We found that renal gut-derived 4-HPA levels were significantly increased after CLP. The high permeability of intestinal barrier after sepsis contributed to the dramatic increase of renal 4-HPA. Intriguingly, we demonstrated that exogenous 4-HPA administration could further significantly reduce CLP-induced increases in serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and cystatin C, inhibit renal pathological damage and apoptosis, and improve the survival of mice. Mechanistically, 4-HPA inhibited necroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells by upregulating the protein expression of apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) and enhancing the interaction between ARC and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1). CONCLUSIONS The increase of gut-derived 4-HPA in the kidney after sepsis could play a protective effect in SAKI by upregulating ARC to inhibit necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng An
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yi Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongbin Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Maomao Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lulan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weihuang Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Zhiya Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haihong Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Shenhai Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiaobing Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhongqing Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Macià A, Romero MP, Pedret A, Solà R, Clifford MN, Rubió-Piqué L. Assessment of human inter-individual variability of phloretin metabolites in urine after apple consumption. AppleCOR study. Food Funct 2023; 14:10387-10400. [PMID: 37933196 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02985a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the inter-individual variation in phloretin absorption and metabolism and to seek possible phloretin metabotypes following apple snack consumption. Methods: The excreted phloretin metabolites in 24 h urine samples were determined by UPLC-MS/MS in 62 volunteers after acute and sustained (6 weeks) interventions in a randomized and parallel study with a daily supplementation of 80 g of a low-phloretin (39.5 μmol) or a high-phloretin (103 μmol) freeze-dried apple snacks. Results: absorption estimated as phloridzin equivalents for 62 volunteers varied almost 70-fold ranging from 0.1% to 6.94% of phloretin glycoside intake. Volunteers were stratified into low, medium and high producers and by the balance between glucuronidation and sulphation. For 74% of the volunteers phloretin-O-glucuronide was the dominant urinary metabolite, especially at the higher phloretin glycoside intake and for higher producers. Sulphate conjugation assumed greater significance for the remaining volunteers especially for low producers. Females dominated glucuronide profile (64.1%) and males dominated the low excretion group. Analysis of plasma glucose and insulin at the start and end of the sustained study showed a trend towards modest reductions for high producers. Furthermore, plausible factors contributing to the inter-individual variation in phloretin uptake are discussed. Conclusions: extensive inter-individual variability exists in the excretion of phloretin phase-II conjugates following consumption of apple snacks, which could be related to oral microbiota phloridzin-hydrolysing activity, lactase non-persistence trait or the metabotype to which the subject belongs. There were inconsistent effects on post-prandial serum glucose concentrations but there was a tendency for decreases to be associated with higher excretion of phloretin phase-II conjugates. Trial registration: The acute and sustained studies were registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03795324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Macià
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Science, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Antioxidants Research Group, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain.
| | - María-Paz Romero
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Science, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Antioxidants Research Group, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain.
| | - Anna Pedret
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), C/Sant Llorenç 21, 4320-Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), C/Sant Llorenç 21, 4320-Reus, Spain
| | - Michael N Clifford
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Rubió-Piqué
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Science, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Antioxidants Research Group, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain.
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Cattivelli A, Conte A, Tagliazucchi D. Quercetins, Chlorogenic Acids and Their Colon Metabolites Inhibit Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation at Physiologically Relevant Concentrations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12265. [PMID: 37569640 PMCID: PMC10418599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have suggested that a phenolic-rich diet may be protective against colon cancer. Most phenolic compounds are not absorbed in the small intestine and reach the colon where they are metabolized by gut microbiota in simple phenolic acids. In this study, the anti-proliferative activity of quercetins, chlorogenic acids, their colon metabolites and mixtures of parent compounds/metabolites was assessed by using two colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2 and SW480) at physiologically relevant concentrations. Chlorogenic acids, quercetin and the metabolite 3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid exerted remarkable anti-proliferative activity against Caco-2, whereas quercetin derivatives and metabolites were the most active against SW480. Tested compounds arrested the cell cycle at the S phase in both the cell lines. The mixtures of parent compounds/metabolites, which mimic the colon human metabotypes that slowly or rapidly metabolize the parent compounds, similarly inhibited cell growth. SW480 cells metabolized parent phenolic compounds more rapidly and extensively than Caco-2, whereas colon metabolites were more stable. These results suggest that dietary phenolic compounds exert an anti-proliferative effect against human colon cancer cells that can be further sustained by the colon metabolites. Therefore, gut microbiota metabolism of phenolic compounds may be of paramount importance in explaining the protective effect of phenolic-rich foods against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Davide Tagliazucchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, 2-Pad. Besta, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.)
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José FJS, Collado-Fernández M, Álvarez-Castellanos PP. Variation, during Shelf Life, of Functional Properties of Biscuits Enriched with Fibers Extracted from Artichoke ( Cynara scolymus L.). Nutrients 2023; 15:3329. [PMID: 37571267 PMCID: PMC10421366 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To boost revaluation of industrial by-products of artichoke, this research tries to determine the stability throughout storage of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in biscuits enriched with fiber-rich powders extracted from b y-products of artichokes (FRPA). To determine the most stable extraction method, biscuits were formulated with FRPA extracted by two different environmentally friendly extraction solvents: water (W) and a solution of 1% CaCl2∙5H2O (CA) and compared with biscuits made with pea fiber (P) and control biscuits (B) without fiber added. Initially and during storage, the biscuits enriched with FRPA (W, CA) showed a higher content of bioavailable polyphenols and antioxidant activity compared to the control biscuits (B) and the reference fiber (P, pea fiber). In conclusion, FRPA are an excellent source of bioavailable fiber with antioxidant activity, but especially the FRPA extracted with 1% CaCl2∙5H2O (CA), and they could present a good alternative to the use of pea fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José San José
- Centro de Innovación y Tecnología Alimentaria de La Rioja, CTIC-CITA La Rioja C/Los Huertos 2, 26500 Calahorra, La Rioja, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencia de Los Alimentos, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, sn., 09001 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Montserrat Collado-Fernández
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencia de Los Alimentos, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, sn., 09001 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Pino P. Álvarez-Castellanos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola, Universidad Católica de Ávila, UCAV, C/Canteros, sn., 05005 Ávila, Spain;
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Pereira-Caro G, Cáceres-Jimenez S, Bresciani L, Mena P, Almutairi TM, Dobani S, Pourshahidi LK, Gill CIR, Moreno Rojas JM, Clifford MN, Crozier A. Excretion by subjects on a low (poly)phenol diet of phenolic gut microbiota catabolites sequestered in tissues or associated with catecholamines and surplus amino acids. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37369137 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2226369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic catabolites excreted by fasting subjects with a functioning colon and ileostomists on a low (poly)phenol diet have been investigated. Urine was collected over a 12 h fasting period after adherence to a low (poly)phenol diet for 36 h. UHPLC-HR-MS quantified 77 phenolics. Some were present in the urine of both groups in similar trace amounts and others were excreted in higher amounts by participants with a colon indicating the involvement of the microbiota. Most were present in sub- or low-µmol amounts, but hippuric acid dominated accounting on average for 60% of the total for both volunteer categories indicating significant production from sources other than non-nutrient dietary (poly)phenols. The potential origins of the phenolics associated with the low (poly)phenol diet, include endogenous catecholamines, surplus tyrosine and phenylalanine, and washout of catabolites derived from pre-study intakes of non-nutrient dietary (poly)phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Pereira-Caro
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training, Córdoba, Spain
- Foods for Health Group, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba Córdoba, Spain
| | - Salud Cáceres-Jimenez
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training, Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Sara Dobani
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Chris I R Gill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - José Manuel Moreno Rojas
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training, Córdoba, Spain
- Foods for Health Group, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba Córdoba, Spain
| | - Michael N Clifford
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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11
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Redondo-Cuenca A, García-Alonso A, Rodríguez-Arcos R, Castro I, Alba C, Miguel Rodríguez J, Goñi I. Nutritional composition of green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.), edible part and by-products, and assessment of their effect on the growth of human gut-associated bacteria. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112284. [PMID: 36596190 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asparagus is considered a healthy food with a high content of bioactive compounds. In this study, the proximate and mineral composition, non-digestible carbohydrates and bioactive compounds of edible spear, spear by-product and root have been evaluated. Their activity on the growth of human gut-associated bacteria has been studied. The results support the high nutritional and functional value of the asparagus, including its by-products, highlighting the potential of the non-edible parts to be used as prebiotics. A remarkable content in xylose, inulin, flavonoids and saponins has been found. It has been shown that the spear by-product can be selectively used to promote the growth of commensal or probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria strains. It has been confirmed that any part of the asparagus has a potential future as a healthy food or as health-promoting ingredients, however more work is required to identify the compounds able to modulate the human gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Redondo-Cuenca
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy. Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra García-Alonso
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy. Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocio Rodríguez-Arcos
- Phytochemicals and Food Quality Group, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pablo de Olavide Universitary Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Irma Castro
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy. Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy. Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy. Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Goñi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy. Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Clifford MN, King LJ, Kerimi A, Pereira-Caro MG, Williamson G. Metabolism of phenolics in coffee and plant-based foods by canonical pathways: an assessment of the role of fatty acid β-oxidation to generate biologically-active and -inactive intermediates. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3326-3383. [PMID: 36226718 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2131730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ω-Phenyl-alkenoic acids are abundant in coffee, fruits, and vegetables. Along with ω-phenyl-alkanoic acids, they are produced from numerous dietary (poly)phenols and aromatic amino acids in vivo. This review addresses how phenyl-ring substitution and flux modulates their gut microbiota and endogenous β-oxidation. 3',5'-Dihydroxy-derivatives (from alkyl-resorcinols, flavanols, proanthocyanidins), and 4'-hydroxy-phenolic acids (from tyrosine, p-coumaric acid, naringenin) are β-oxidation substrates yielding benzoic acids. In contrast, 3',4',5'-tri-substituted-derivatives, 3',4'-dihydroxy-derivatives and 3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxy-derivatives (from coffee, tea, cereals, many fruits and vegetables) are poor β-oxidation substrates with metabolism diverted via gut microbiota dehydroxylation, phenylvalerolactone formation and phase-2 conjugation, possibly a strategy to conserve limited pools of coenzyme A. 4'-Methoxy-derivatives (citrus fruits) or 3',4'-dimethoxy-derivatives (coffee) are susceptible to hepatic "reverse" hydrogenation suggesting incompatibility with enoyl-CoA-hydratase. Gut microbiota-produced 3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-derivatives (citrus fruits) and 3'-hydroxy-derivatives (numerous (poly)phenols) are excreted as the phenyl-hydracrylic acid β-oxidation intermediate suggesting incompatibility with hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, albeit with considerable inter-individual variation. Further investigation is required to explain inter-individual variation, factors determining the amino acid to which C6-C3 and C6-C1 metabolites are conjugated, the precise role(s) of l-carnitine, whether glycine might be limiting, and whether phenolic acid-modulation of β-oxidation explains how phenolic acids affect key metabolic conditions, such as fatty liver, carbohydrate metabolism and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Clifford
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Laurence J King
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Asimina Kerimi
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Maria Gema Pereira-Caro
- Department of Food Science and Health, Instituto Andaluz de Investigacion y Formacion Agraria Pesquera Alimentaria y de la Produccion Ecologica, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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13
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Zúñiga A, Muñoz-Guamuro G, Boivineau L, Mayonove P, Conejero I, Pageaux GP, Altwegg R, Bonnet J. A rapid and standardized workflow for functional assessment of bacterial biosensors in fecal samples. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:859600. [PMID: 36072290 PMCID: PMC9444133 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.859600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut metabolites are pivotal mediators of host-microbiome interactions and provide an important window on human physiology and disease. However, current methods to monitor gut metabolites rely on heavy and expensive technologies such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In that context, robust, fast, field-deployable, and cost-effective strategies for monitoring fecal metabolites would support large-scale functional studies and routine monitoring of metabolites biomarkers associated with pathological conditions. Living cells are an attractive option to engineer biosensors due to their ability to detect and process many environmental signals and their self-replicating nature. Here we optimized a workflow for feces processing that supports metabolite detection using bacterial biosensors. We show that simple centrifugation and filtration steps remove host microbes and support reproducible preparation of a physiological-derived media retaining important characteristics of human feces, such as matrix effects and endogenous metabolites. We measure the performance of bacterial biosensors for benzoate, lactate, anhydrotetracycline, and bile acids, and find that they are highly sensitive to fecal matrices. However, encapsulating the bacteria in hydrogel helps reduce this inhibitory effect. Sensitivity to matrix effects is biosensor-dependent but also varies between individuals, highlighting the need for case-by-case optimization for biosensors’ operation in feces. Finally, by detecting endogenous bile acids, we demonstrate that bacterial biosensors could be used for future metabolite monitoring in feces. This work lays the foundation for the optimization and use of bacterial biosensors for fecal metabolites monitoring. In the future, our method could also allow rapid pre-prototyping of engineered bacteria designed to operate in the gut, with applications to in situ diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zúñiga
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR5048, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- *Correspondence: Ana Zúñiga, ; Jerome Bonnet,
| | - Geisler Muñoz-Guamuro
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR5048, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucile Boivineau
- Hepatogastroenterology and Bacteriology Service at CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Mayonove
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR5048, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ismael Conejero
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU Nimes, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Georges-Philippe Pageaux
- Hepatogastroenterology and Bacteriology Service at CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Romain Altwegg
- Hepatogastroenterology and Bacteriology Service at CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jerome Bonnet
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR5048, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- *Correspondence: Ana Zúñiga, ; Jerome Bonnet,
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14
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Therapeutic Effects of Bifidobacterium breve YH68 in Combination with Vancomycin and Metronidazole in a Primary Clostridioides difficile-Infected Mouse Model. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0067222. [PMID: 35311540 PMCID: PMC9045379 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00672-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been widely used to prevent primary Clostridioides difficile infection (pCDI); however, there are fewer studies on their therapeutic aspects for pCDI. In this study, high doses of Bifidobacterium breve YH68 were used alone or in combination with vancomycin (VAN) and metronidazole (MTR) to treat pCDI mice. Mouse feces were collected from preinfection, postinfection, and posttreatment stages. Subsequently, the C. difficile number and toxin level in feces were detected by plate count method and C. difficile toxin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Simultaneously, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were employed to explore the changing patterns and characteristic markers of fecal microbiota and metabolome. The results indicated that high doses of YH68 used alone or in combination with VAN and MTR were more effective than the combination of VAN and MTR for pCDI mice and improved their final survival rate. This probiotic strain and its combination with antibiotics reduced C. difficile numbers and toxin levels in the feces, downregulated proinflammatory cytokine levels in colon tissue, and alleviated cecum tissue hyperplasia. Meanwhile, the level of fecal microbiota diversity increased significantly in pCDI mice after treatment, with an increase in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, Oscillospira, unidentified_S24-7, and Ruminococcus, and this process was accompanied by elevated levels of secondary bile acid, butyric acid, and gentamicin C1a and reduced levels of primary bile acid and indoles. Most notably, the combination of YH68 with VAN and MTR diminished the damaging effect of antibiotic treatment alone on the microbiota. Our findings suggested that high doses of YH68 used in combination with VAN and MTR have a better therapeutic effect on pCDI mice than the combination of VAN and MTR alone. IMPORTANCE Many studies have focused on the preventive effects of probiotics against pCDI, but few studies have investigated in depth the therapeutic effects of probiotics, especially at the postinfection stage. We demonstrated that high doses of Bifidobacterium breve YH68 used alone or in combination with vancomycin (VAN) and metronidazole (MTR) exerted outstanding efficacy in the treatment of pCDI mice. This probiotic-antibiotic combination regimen has the potential to be a new option for the clinical treatment of pCDI.
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15
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Zhao K, Yao M, Zhang X, Xu F, Shao X, Wei Y, Wang H. Flavonoids and intestinal microbes interact to alleviate depression. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1311-1318. [PMID: 34625972 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids have a variety of biological activities that are beneficial to human health. However, owing to low bioavailability, most flavonoids exert beneficial effects in the intestine through metabolism by the flora into a variety of structurally different derivatives. Also, flavonoids can modulate the type and structure of intestinal microorganisms to improve human health. It has been reported that the development of depression is accompanied by changes in the type and number of intestinal microorganisms, and gut microbes can significantly improve depressive symptoms through the gut-brain axis. Therefore, the interaction between flavonoids and intestinal microbes to alleviate depression is discussed. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Mei Yao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Xingfeng Shao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
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16
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Vong CI, Rathinasabapathy T, Moncada M, Komarnytsky S. All Polyphenols Are Not Created Equal: Exploring the Diversity of Phenolic Metabolites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2077-2091. [PMID: 35147422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dietary intake of plant polyphenols is significant, and many of them enter a human body as a highly diverse pool of ring-fission phenolic metabolites arising from digestion and microbial catabolism of the parental structures. Difficulty in designing the uniform intervention studies and limited tools calibrated to detect and quantify the inherent complexity of phenolic metabolites hindered efforts to establish and validate protective health effects of these molecules. Here, we highlight the recent findings that describe novel complex downstream metabolite profiles with a particular focus on dihydrophenolic (phenylpropanoic) acids of microbial origin, ingested and phase II-transformed methylated phenolic metabolites (methylated sinks), and small phenolic metabolites derived from the breakdown of different classes of flavonoids, stilbenoids, and tannins. There is a critical need for precise identification of the individual phenolic metabolite signatures originating from different polyphenol groups to enable future translation of these findings into break-through nutritional interventions and dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi In Vong
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Thirumurugan Rathinasabapathy
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Marvin Moncada
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Slavko Komarnytsky
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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17
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Shang J, Li Y, Yang N, Xiong L, Wang B. Synthesis and evaluation of novel 1-(((6-substitutedbenzo[ d]thiazol-2-yl)amino)(heteroaryl)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol as pesticidal agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:641-651. [PMID: 35086409 PMCID: PMC8797731 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2032687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To discover new agrochemicals with prominent pesticidal properties, a series of novel β-naphthol derivatives containing benzothiazolylamino and various heteroaryl groups (8a-q) were efficiently synthesised via Betti reaction. The bioassay results showed that most of the synthesised compounds exhibited favourable insecticidal potentials, particularly towards oriental armyworm (50–100% at 200 mg·L−1) and diamondback moth (50–95% at 10 mg·L−1). Compounds 8 b, 8f, 8 g, 8j, 8k, 8n, and 8o possessed LC50 values of 0.0988–5.8864 mg·L−1 against diamondback moth. Compounds 8i, 8 l, and 8 m also displayed lethality rates of 30–90% against spider mite at the concentration of 100 mg·L−1. Overall, some compounds could be considered as new insecticidal/acaricidal leading structures for further investigation. The calcium imaging experiments revealed that 8 h, 8i, and viii could activate the release of calcium ions in insect (M. separata) central neurons at a higher concentration (50 mg·L−1). The SAR analysis provided valuable information for further structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixia Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Baolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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18
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Speisky H, Shahidi F, Costa de Camargo A, Fuentes J. Revisiting the Oxidation of Flavonoids: Loss, Conservation or Enhancement of Their Antioxidant Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010133. [PMID: 35052636 PMCID: PMC8772813 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids display a broad range of health-promoting bioactivities. Among these, their capacity to act as antioxidants has remained most prominent. The canonical reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging mode of the antioxidant action of flavonoids relies on the high susceptibility of their phenolic moieties to undergo oxidation. As a consequence, upon reaction with ROS, the antioxidant capacity of flavonoids is severely compromised. Other phenol-compromising reactions, such as those involved in the biotransformation of flavonoids, can also markedly affect their antioxidant properties. In recent years, however, increasing evidence has indicated that, at least for some flavonoids, the oxidation of such residues can in fact markedly enhance their original antioxidant properties. In such apparent paradoxical cases, the antioxidant activity arises from the pro-oxidant and/or electrophilic character of some of their oxidation-derived metabolites and is exerted by activating the Nrf2–Keap1 pathway, which upregulates the cell’s endogenous antioxidant capacity, and/or, by preventing the activation of the pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathway. This review focuses on the effects that the oxidative and/or non-oxidative modification of the phenolic groups of flavonoids may have on the ability of the resulting metabolites to promote direct and/or indirect antioxidant actions. Considering the case of a metabolite resulting from the oxidation of quercetin, we offer a comprehensive description of the evidence that increasingly supports the concept that, in the case of certain flavonoids, the oxidation of phenolics emerges as a mechanism that markedly amplifies their original antioxidant properties. An overlooked topic of great phytomedicine potential is thus unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Speisky
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (J.F.); Tel.: +56-(2)-2978-1519 (H.S.)
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada;
| | - Adriano Costa de Camargo
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
| | - Jocelyn Fuentes
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, Chile
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (J.F.); Tel.: +56-(2)-2978-1519 (H.S.)
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19
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Zhang M, Wang Y, Zhao X, Liu C, Wang B, Zhou J. Mechanistic basis and preliminary practice of butyric acid and butyrate sodium to mitigate gut inflammatory diseases: a comprehensive review. Nutr Res 2021; 95:1-18. [PMID: 34757305 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A key event featured in the early stage of chronic gut inflammatory diseases is the disordered recruitment and excess accumulation of immune cells in the gut lamina propria. This process is followed by the over-secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and the prolonged overactive inflammatory responses. Growing evidence has suggested that gut inflammatory diseases may be mitigated by butyric acid (BA) or butyrate sodium (NaB). Laboratory studies show that BA and NaB can enhance gut innate immune function through G-protein-mediated signaling pathways while mitigating the overactive inflammatory responses by inhibiting histone deacetylase. The regulatory effects may occur in both epithelial enterocytes and the immune cells in the lamina propria. Prior to further clinical trials, comprehensive literature reviews and rigid examination concerning the underlying mechanism are necessary. To this end, we collected and reviewed 197 published reports regarding the mechanisms, bioactivities, and clinical effects of BA and NaB to modulate gut inflammatory diseases. Our review found insufficient evidence to guarantee the safety of clinical practice of BA and NaB, either by anal enema or oral administration of capsule or tablet. The safety of clinical use of BA and NaB should be further evaluated. Alternatively, dietary patterns rich in "fruits, vegetables and beans" may be an effective and safe approach to prevent gut inflammatory disease, which elevates gut microbiota-dependent production of BA. Our review provides a comprehensive reference to future clinical trials of BA and NaB to treat gut inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingbao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, 250012 China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, 250012 China
| | - Xianqi Zhao
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 China
| | - Baozhen Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 China.
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20
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Wang Z, Zeng M, Wang Z, Qin F, Wang Y, Chen J, Christian M, He Z. Food phenolics stimulate adipocyte browning via regulating gut microecology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-27. [PMID: 34738509 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1997905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fat browning has piqued the interest of researchers as a potential target for treating obesity and related metabolic disorders. Recruitment of brown adipocytes leads to enhanced energy dissipation and reduced adiposity, thus facilitating the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Evidence is increasing to support the crucial roles of polyphenols and gut microecology in turning fat "brown". However, it is not clear whether the intestinal microecology is involved in polyphenol-mediated regulation of adipose browning, so this concept is worthy of exploration. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge, mostly from studies with murine models, supporting the concept that the effects of food phenolics on brown fat activation and white fat browning can be attributed to their regulatory actions on gut microecology, including microbial community profile, gut metabolites, and gut-derived hormones. Furthermore, the potential underlying pathways involved are also discussed. Basically, understanding gut microecology paves the way to determine the underlying roles and mechanisms of food phenolics in adipose browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- Food and Beverage Department of Damin Food (Zhangzhou) Co., Ltd, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mark Christian
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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21
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Harrison MA, Kaur H, Wren BW, Dawson LF. Production of p-cresol by Decarboxylation of p-HPA by All Five Lineages of Clostridioides difficile Provides a Growth Advantage. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:757599. [PMID: 34778108 PMCID: PMC8588808 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.757599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and is capable of causing severe symptoms, such as pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon. An unusual feature of C. difficile is the distinctive production of high levels of the antimicrobial compound para-cresol. p-Cresol production provides C. difficile with a competitive colonization advantage over gut commensal species, in particular, Gram-negative species. p-Cresol is produced by the conversion of para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (p-HPA) via the actions of HpdBCA decarboxylase coded by the hpdBCA operon. Host cells and certain bacterial species produce p-HPA; however, the effects of p-HPA on the viability of C. difficile and other gut microbiota are unknown. Here we show that representative strains from all five C. difficile clades are able to produce p-cresol by two distinct mechanisms: (i) via fermentation of p-tyrosine and (ii) via uptake and turnover of exogenous p-HPA. We observed strain-specific differences in p-cresol production, resulting from differential efficiency of p-tyrosine fermentation; representatives of clade 3 (CD305) and clade 5 (M120) produced the highest levels of p-cresol via tyrosine metabolism, whereas the toxin A-/B+ isolate from clade 4 (M68) produced the lowest level of p-cresol. All five lineages share at least 97.3% homology across the hpdBCA operon, responsible for decarboxylation of p-HPA to p-cresol, suggesting that the limiting step in p-cresol production may result from tyrosine to p-HPA conversion. We identified that elevated intracellular p-HPA, modulated indirectly via CodY, controls p-cresol production via inducing the expression of HpdBCA decarboxylase ubiquitously in C. difficile populations. Efficient turnover of p-HPA is advantageous to C. difficile as p-HPA has a deleterious effect on the growth of C. difficile and other representative Gram-negative gut bacteria, transduced potentially by the disruption of membrane permeability and release of intracellular phosphate. This study provides insights into the importance of HpdBCA decarboxylase in C. difficile pathogenesis, both in terms of p-cresol production and detoxification of p-HPA, highlighting its importance to cell survival and as a highly specific therapeutic target for the inhibition of p-cresol production across C. difficile species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Harrison
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harparkash Kaur
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan W. Wren
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa F. Dawson
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Rubió L, Romero MP, Solà R, Motilva MJ, Clifford MN, Macià A. Variation in the Methylation of Caffeoylquinic Acids and Urinary Excretion of 3'-methoxycinnamic acid-4'-Sulfate After Apple Consumption by Volunteers. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100471. [PMID: 34328272 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been reported that the phenolic metabolite 3'-methoxycinnamic acid-4'-sulfate generated from 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid may have potential benefits in human health. However, the variation in 3'- and 4'-methylation of 3',4'-dihydroxycinnamic acid and its impact on the yield of this sulfate metabolite is unclear and has been poorly studied. METHODS AND RESULTS To address this aim, the excreted 3'-methoxy and 4'-methoxy metabolites in urine samples (24-h) are determined in 14 volunteers after an acute intake of 80 g of red-fleshed apple (RFA) or white-fleshed apple (WFA). These methoxy metabolites are also determined in the same volunteers in a second acute intake after a 6-week sustained consumption of the same products. CONCLUSION Seven 3'-methoxy and seven 4'-methoxy metabolites are determined, i.e., the free cinnamic and corresponding phenylpropanoic acid, plus their sulfate, glucuronide, and glycine conjugates. In only six volunteers, five females and one male, is 4'-methylation preferred over 3'-methylation, but it is observed that an individual's 3'- : 4'-methylation ratio can change over time, and that the yield of 3'-methoxycinnamic acid-4'-sulfate is extremely variable, ranging from undetectable to 71% of the total C6 -C3 metabolites excreted, and any benefit accruing from this metabolite will not necessarily be available to all consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rubió
- Antioxidants Research Group, Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, University of Lleida, Av/ Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Maria Paz Romero
- Antioxidants Research Group, Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, University of Lleida, Av/ Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Sant Llorenç 21, Reus, 43201, Spain
| | - Maria José Motilva
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV) (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja, Finca "La Grajera,", Universidad de La Rioja, Carretera de Burgos km 6, 26007, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Michael N Clifford
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alba Macià
- Antioxidants Research Group, Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, University of Lleida, Av/ Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, 25198, Spain
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23
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Serreli G, Naitza MR, Zodio S, Leoni VP, Spada M, Melis MP, Boronat A, Deiana M. Ferulic Acid Metabolites Attenuate LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in Enterocyte-like Cells. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093152. [PMID: 34579029 PMCID: PMC8471535 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) is a polyphenol pertaining to the class of hydroxycinnamic acids present in numerous foods of a plant origin. Its dietary consumption leads to the formation of several phase I and II metabolites in vivo, which represent the largest amount of ferulates in the circulation and in the intestine in comparison with FA itself. In this work, we evaluated their efficacy against the proinflammatory effects induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers, as well as the mechanisms underlying their protective action. LPS-induced overexpression of proinflammatory enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the consequent hyperproduction of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were limited by physiological relevant concentrations (1 µM) of FA, its derivatives isoferulic acid (IFA) and dihydroferulic acid (DHFA), and their glucuronidated and sulfated metabolites, which acted upstream by limiting the activation of MAPK p38 and ERK and of Akt kinase, thus decreasing the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-ĸB) translocation into the nucleus. Furthermore, the compounds were found to promote the expression of Nrf2, which may have contributed to the downregulation of NF-ĸB activity. The overall data show that phase I/II metabolites retain the efficacy of their dietary free form in contrasting inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Serreli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.N.); (S.Z.); (V.P.L.); (M.S.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Micaela Rita Naitza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.N.); (S.Z.); (V.P.L.); (M.S.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Sonia Zodio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.N.); (S.Z.); (V.P.L.); (M.S.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Vera Piera Leoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.N.); (S.Z.); (V.P.L.); (M.S.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Martina Spada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.N.); (S.Z.); (V.P.L.); (M.S.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Maria Paola Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.N.); (S.Z.); (V.P.L.); (M.S.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.N.); (S.Z.); (V.P.L.); (M.S.); (M.P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-070-675-4126
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24
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Interference of dietary polyphenols with potentially toxic amino acid metabolites derived from the colonic microbiota. Amino Acids 2021; 54:311-324. [PMID: 34235577 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Each day, varying amounts of undigested or partially digested proteins reach the colon where they are metabolized by the microbiota, resulting in the formation of compounds such as ammonia, p-cresol, skatole, phenol, indole, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). In farm animals, the excessive production of these metabolites can affect the quality of meat and milk and is a source of contaminating emissions from animal manure. In humans, their accumulation is potentially harmful, and it has been proposed that they could be involved in the development of pathologies such as colorectal cancer and ulcerative colitis, among others. This review assesses the evidence supporting the use of dietary polyphenols to reduce the production of these metabolites. Most studies have used condensed (proanthocyanidins) or hydrolyzable (ellagitannins and gallotannins) tannins, and have been carried out in farm animals. Several show that the administration of tannins in pigs, chicken, and ruminants decreases the levels of ammonia, p-cresol, skatole, and/or H2S, improving meat/milk quality and reducing manure odor. Direct application of tannins to manure also decreases ammonia emissions. Few studies were carried out in rats and humans and their results confirm, to a lesser extent, those reported in farm animals. These effects would be due to the capacity of tannins to trap ammonia and H2S, and to modify the composition of the microbiota, reducing the bacterial populations producing metabolites. In addition, PACs prevent p-cresol and H2S-induced alterations on intestinal cells in vitro. Tannins, therefore, appear as an interesting tool for improving the quality of animal products, human health, and the harmful emissions associated with breeding.
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25
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Duarte L, Gasaly N, Poblete-Aro C, Uribe D, Echeverria F, Gotteland M, Garcia-Diaz DF. Polyphenols and their anti-obesity role mediated by the gut microbiota: a comprehensive review. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:367-388. [PMID: 33387285 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global public health problem that results in chronic pathologies such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The treatment approach based on energy restriction and promotion of physical activity is ineffective in the long term. Due to the high prevalence of this pathology, complementary treatments such as brown adipose tissue activation (BAT) and white adipose tissue browning (WAT) have been proposed. Dietary polyphenols are plant secondary metabolites that can stimulate browning and thermogenesis of adipose tissue. They have also been shown to prevent body weight gain, and decrease systemic inflammation produced by high-fat diets. Ingested dietary polyphenols that reach the colon are metabolized by the gut microbiota (GM), regulating its composition and generating a great array of metabolites. GM is involved in the production of short chain fatty acids and secondary bile salts that regulate energetic metabolism. The alteration in the composition of GM observed in metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes can be attenuated by polyphenols. Recent studies support the hypothesis that GM would mediate WAT browning and BAT thermogenesis activation induced by polyphenol administration. Together, these results indicate that GM in the presence of polyphenols plays a fundamental role in the control of obesity possible through BAT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lissette Duarte
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Naschla Gasaly
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Poblete-Aro
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica, el Deporte y la Salud. Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigacion en Rehabilitacion y Salud CIRES, Universidad de las Americas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Denisse Uribe
- Escuela de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Echeverria
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martin Gotteland
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego F Garcia-Diaz
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.
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26
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Fedotcheva N, Olenin A, Beloborodova N. Influence of Microbial Metabolites on the Nonspecific Permeability of Mitochondrial Membranes under Conditions of Acidosis and Loading with Calcium and Iron Ions. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050558. [PMID: 34067718 PMCID: PMC8156683 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is currently considered one of the main causes of multiple organ failure in chronic inflammation and sepsis. The participation of microbial metabolites in disorders of bioenergetic processes in mitochondria has been revealed, but their influence on the mitochondrial membrane permeability has not yet been studied. We tested the influence of various groups of microbial metabolites, including indolic and phenolic acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and acetyl phosphate (AcP), on the nonspecific permeability of mitochondrial membranes under conditions of acidosis, imbalance of calcium ions and excess free iron, which are inherent in sepsis. Changes in the parameters of the calcium-induced opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and iron-activated swelling of rat liver mitochondria were evaluated. The most active metabolites were indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICA) and benzoic acid (BA), which activated MPTP opening and swelling under all conditions. AcP showed the opposite effect on the induction of MPTP opening, increasing the threshold concentration of calcium by 1.5 times, while TMAO activated swelling only under acidification. All the redox-dependent effects of metabolites were suppressed by the lipid radical scavenger butyl-hydroxytoluene (BHT), which indicates the participation of these microbial metabolites in the activation of membrane lipid peroxidation. Thus, microbial metabolites can directly affect the nonspecific permeability of mitochondrial membranes, if conditions of acidosis, an imbalance of calcium ions and an excess of free iron are created in the pathological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Fedotcheva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrei Olenin
- V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 19 Kosygin Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalia Beloborodova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25-2 Petrovka Street, 107031 Moscow, Russia;
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27
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Caffeic Acid Modulates Processes Associated with Intestinal Inflammation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020554. [PMID: 33567596 PMCID: PMC7914463 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid is one of the most abundant hydroxycinnamic acids in fruits, vegetables, and beverages. This phenolic compound reaches relevant concentrations in the colon (up to 126 µM) where it could come into contact with the intestinal cells and exert its anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this investigation was to study the capacity of caffeic acid, at plausible concentrations from an in vivo point of view, to modulate mechanisms related to intestinal inflammation. Consequently, we tested the effects of caffeic acid (50–10 µM) on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression and prostaglandin (PG)E2, cytokines, and chemokines (IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 -MCP-1-, and IL-6) biosynthesis in IL-1β-treated human myofibroblasts of the colon, CCD-18Co. Furthermore, the capacity of caffeic acid to inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, to hinder advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation, as well as its antioxidant, reducing, and chelating activity were also investigated. Our results showed that (i) caffeic acid targets COX-2 and its product PGE2 as well as the biosynthesis of IL-8 in the IL-1β-treated cells and (ii) inhibits AGE formation, which could be related to (iii) the high chelating activity exerted. Low anti-ACE, antioxidant, and reducing capacity of caffeic acid was also observed. These effects of caffeic acid expands our knowledge on anti-inflammatory mechanisms against intestinal inflammation.
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28
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Zheng S, Zhang H, Liu R, Huang CL, Li H, Deng ZY, Tsao R. Do short chain fatty acids and phenolic metabolites of the gut have synergistic anti-inflammatory effects? – New insights from a TNF-α-induced Caco-2 cell model. Food Res Int 2021; 139:109833. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Sankaranarayanan R, Kumar DR, Altinoz MA, Bhat GJ. Mechanisms of Colorectal Cancer Prevention by Aspirin-A Literature Review and Perspective on the Role of COX-Dependent and -Independent Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239018. [PMID: 33260951 PMCID: PMC7729916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin, synthesized and marketed in 1897 by Bayer, is one of the most widely used drugs in the world. It has a well-recognized role in decreasing inflammation, pain and fever, and in the prevention of thrombotic cardiovascular diseases. Its anti-inflammatory and cardio-protective actions have been well studied and occur through inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX). Interestingly, a vast amount of epidemiological, preclinical and clinical studies have revealed aspirin as a promising chemopreventive agent, particularly against colorectal cancers (CRC); however, the primary mechanism by which it decreases the occurrences of CRC has still not been established. Numerous mechanisms have been proposed for aspirin’s chemopreventive properties among which the inhibition of COX enzymes has been widely discussed. Despite the wide attention COX-inhibition has received as the most probable mechanism of cancer prevention by aspirin, it is clear that aspirin targets many other proteins and pathways, suggesting that these extra-COX targets may also be equally important in preventing CRC. In this review, we discuss the COX-dependent and -independent pathways described in literature for aspirin’s anti-cancer effects and highlight the strengths and limitations of the proposed mechanisms. Additionally, we emphasize the potential role of the metabolites of aspirin and salicylic acid (generated in the gut through microbial biotransformation) in contributing to aspirin’s chemopreventive actions. We suggest that the preferential chemopreventive effect of aspirin against CRC may be related to direct exposure of aspirin/salicylic acid or its metabolites to the colorectal tissues. Future investigations should shed light on the role of aspirin, its metabolites and the role of the gut microbiota in cancer prevention against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjini Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Translational Cancer Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
| | - D. Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
| | - Meric A. Altinoz
- Department of Biochemistry, Acibadem M.A.A. University, Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - G. Jayarama Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Translational Cancer Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-605-688-6894
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30
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Hemin Prevents Increased Glycolysis in Macrophages upon Activation: Protection by Microbiota-Derived Metabolites of Polyphenols. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111109. [PMID: 33187129 PMCID: PMC7696608 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat consumption plays a critical role in the development of several types of cancer. Hemin, a metabolite of myoglobin produced after meat intake, has been demonstrated to be involved in the cancer initiation phase. Macrophages are key components of the innate immunity, which, upon activation, can prevent cancer development by eliminating neoplastic cells. Metabolic reprogramming, characterized by high glycolysis and low oxidative phosphorylation, is critical for macrophage activation. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (3,4DHPAA) and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4HPAA), both microbiota-derived metabolites of flavonoids, have not been extensively studied although they exert antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hemin on the anticancer properties of macrophages and the role of 3,4DHPAA and 4HPAA in metabolic reprogramming and activation of macrophages leading to the elimination of cancer cells. The results showed that hemin inhibited glycolysis, glycolytic, and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) enzyme activities and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) stabilization, which interferes with macrophage activation (evidenced by decreased interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) release) and their ability to eliminate cancer cells (via cytotoxic mediators and phagocytosis). Hemin also reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial mass in macrophages. 3,4DHPAA and 4HPAA, by stimulating glycolysis and PPP, prevented the impairment of the macrophage anticancer activity induced by hemin. In conclusion, 3,4HPAA and 4HPAA administration could represent a promising strategy for preventing the reduction of macrophage activation induced by hemin.
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García CJ, Beltrán D, Tomás-Barberán FA. Human Gut Microbiota Metabolism of Dietary Sesquiterpene Lactones: Untargeted Metabolomics Study of Lactucopicrin and Lactucin Conversion In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000619. [PMID: 32970341 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Gut microbiota converts dietary phytochemicals into metabolites and modulates their health effects. The microbial metabolism of dietary terpenoids, as the sesquiterpene lactones of leafy vegetables, is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro fermentation of lactucopicrin, lactucin, and romaine lettuce with gut microbiota from independent donors, show their extensive metabolism through untargeted metabolomics of the fecal incubations. Dehydroxylations and double bond hydrogenations are the main catabolic reactions. Isomers of dihydrolactucopicrin, tetrahydrolactucopicrin, and deoxylactucin, are observed after lactucopicrin metabolism. Tetrahydrolactucin and hexahydrolactucin are also found after lactucin metabolism. Lettuce fermentation shows similar metabolic conversions. Phase II conjugates of most of these metabolites are detected in the urine of healthy volunteers after escarole salad intake. Glucuronides, and sulfates, of dihydrolactucopicrin, tetrahydrolactucopicrin, dihydrolactucin, and deoxylactucin, are detected in the urine although with large inter-subject variability. CONCLUSION This is the first report on the gut microbiota metabolism of sesquiterpene lactones in humans, and one of the first reports to describe that dietary terpenoids of widely consumed leafy vegetables are extensively catabolized by human gut microbiota. A large inter-subject variation in the metabolism of sesquiterpene lactones also reflects differences in gut microbiota composition. It suggests that inter-individual differences in their health effects should be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J García
- Research group of Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - David Beltrán
- Research group of Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Research group of Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Murcia, 30100, Spain
- Catholic University San Antonio, UCAM, Guadalupe, 30107, Murcia, Spain
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van Kessel SP, de Jong HR, Winkel SL, van Leeuwen SS, Nelemans SA, Permentier H, Keshavarzian A, El Aidy S. Gut bacterial deamination of residual levodopa medication for Parkinson's disease. BMC Biol 2020; 18:137. [PMID: 33076930 PMCID: PMC7574542 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms. Gastrointestinal tract dysfunction is one of the non-motor features, where constipation is reported as the most common gastrointestinal symptom. Aromatic bacterial metabolites are attracting considerable attention due to their impact on gut homeostasis and host’s physiology. In particular, Clostridium sporogenes is a key contributor to the production of these bioactive metabolites in the human gut. Results Here, we show that C. sporogenes deaminates levodopa, the main treatment in Parkinson’s disease, and identify the aromatic aminotransferase responsible for the initiation of the deamination pathway. The deaminated metabolite from levodopa, 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, elicits an inhibitory effect on ileal motility in an ex vivo model. We detected 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid in fecal samples of Parkinson’s disease patients on levodopa medication and found that this metabolite is actively produced by the gut microbiota in those stool samples. Conclusions Levodopa is deaminated by the gut bacterium C. sporogenes producing a metabolite that inhibits ileal motility ex vivo. Overall, this study underpins the importance of the metabolic pathways of the gut microbiome involved in drug metabolism not only to preserve drug effectiveness, but also to avoid potential side effects of bacterial breakdown products of the unabsorbed residue of medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan P van Kessel
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hiltje R de Jong
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon L Winkel
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander S van Leeuwen
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Current Address: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cluster Human Nutrition & Health, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sieger A Nelemans
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar Permentier
- Interfaculty Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison, Suite 206, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sahar El Aidy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Catalán M, Ferreira J, Carrasco-Pozo C. The Microbiota-Derived Metabolite of Quercetin, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid Prevents Malignant Transformation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Hemin in Colon Cancer and Normal Colon Epithelia Cell Lines. Molecules 2020; 25:E4138. [PMID: 32927689 PMCID: PMC7571211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat diet plays a pivotal role in colorectal cancer (CRC). Hemin, a metabolite of myoglobin, produced after meat intake, has been involved in CRC initiation. The compound, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (3,4HPAA) is a scarcely studied microbiota-derived metabolite of the flavonoid quercetin (QUE), which exert antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of 3,4HPAA against malignant transformation (increased cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis, DNA oxidative damage and augmented reactive oxidative species (ROS) levels) and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by hemin in normal colon epithelial cells and colon cancer cells. The effect of 3,4HPAA was assessed in comparison to its precursor, QUE and to a known CRC protective agent, sulforaphane (SFN). The results showed that both, tumor and normal cells, exposed to hemin, presented increased cell proliferation, decreased caspase 3 activity and cytochrome c release, as well as augmented production of intracellular and mitochondrial ROS. In addition, hemin decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the activity of complexes I and II of the electron transport chain. These effects of hemin were prevented by the action of 3,4HPAA. The metabolite showed to be more active than QUE and slightly less active than SFN. In conclusion, 3,4HPAA administration could represent a promising strategy for preventing malignant transformation and mitochondrial dysfunction in colon epithelia induced by hemin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Catalán
- Programa de Farmacología Moleculary Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7500000, Chile; (M.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Jorge Ferreira
- Programa de Farmacología Moleculary Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7500000, Chile; (M.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Catalina Carrasco-Pozo
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Queensland, Australia
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Di Pede G, Bresciani L, Calani L, Petrangolini G, Riva A, Allegrini P, Del Rio D, Mena P. The Human Microbial Metabolism of Quercetin in Different Formulations: An In Vitro Evaluation. Foods 2020; 9:E1121. [PMID: 32823976 PMCID: PMC7466208 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is one of the main dietary flavonols, but its beneficial properties in disease prevention may be limited due to its scarce bioavailability. For this purpose, delivery systems have been designed to enhance both stability and bioavailability of bioactive compounds. This study aimed at investigating the human microbial metabolism of quercetin derived from unformulated and phytosome-formulated quercetin through an in vitro model. Both ingredients were firstly characterized for their profile in native (poly)phenols, and then fermented with human fecal microbiota for 24 h. Quantification of microbial metabolites was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (uHPLC-MSn) analyses. Native quercetin, the main compound in both products, appeared less prone to microbial degradation in the phytosome-formulated version compared to the unformulated one during fecal incubation. Quercetin of both products was bioaccessible to colonic microbiota, resulting in the production of phenylpropanoic acid, phenylacetic acid and benzoic acid derivatives. The extent of the microbial metabolism of quercetin was higher in the unformulated ingredient, in a time-dependent manner. This study opened new perspectives to investigate the role of delivery systems on influencing the microbial metabolism of flavonols in the colonic environment, a pivotal step in the presumed bioactivity associated to their intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Pede
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (G.D.P.); (L.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Luca Calani
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (G.D.P.); (L.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Giovanna Petrangolini
- Research and Development Department, Indena S.p.A., Viale Ortles, 12-20139 Milano, Italy; (G.P.); (A.R.); (P.A.)
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Department, Indena S.p.A., Viale Ortles, 12-20139 Milano, Italy; (G.P.); (A.R.); (P.A.)
| | - Pietro Allegrini
- Research and Development Department, Indena S.p.A., Viale Ortles, 12-20139 Milano, Italy; (G.P.); (A.R.); (P.A.)
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Pedro Mena
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (G.D.P.); (L.C.); (P.M.)
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Chernevskaya E, Beloborodova N, Klimenko N, Pautova A, Shilkin D, Gusarov V, Tyakht A. Serum and fecal profiles of aromatic microbial metabolites reflect gut microbiota disruption in critically ill patients: a prospective observational pilot study. Crit Care 2020; 24:312. [PMID: 32513224 PMCID: PMC7278238 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High serum levels of certain aromatic microbial metabolites (AMM) are associated with severity and mortality in critically ill patients. Omics-based studies suggest gut dysbiosis and reduced microbiome diversity in critical conditions. However, the landscape of gut microbial metabolites is still to be outlined, not to mention the interplay correlation between the metabolome and gut microbiome in critically ill patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between serum and fecal levels of AMM and compare them with the composition of gut microbiota in critically ill patients in the acute and chronic stages. METHODS In this prospective observational pilot study, we analyzed the temporal dynamics of the gut microbiome and the AMM spectrum across two distinct subgroups-acute critical ill (ACI) patients with nosocomial pneumonia and chronically critically ill (CCI) patients (9 subjects each group)-as well as performed comparison with 23 healthy volunteers. The AMM levels for each patient were measured using GC-MS in simultaneously taken serum and fecal samples (SFS). These parameters were compared with 16S rRNA fecal microbiome profiles. RESULTS The observed proportions of bacterial taxa suggest a significant gut dysbiosis in the ACI and the CCI patients. Stronger imbalance in microbiome composition and dynamics observed in the ACI patients compared to the CCI ones resonates with a higher severity in the former group. The total levels of AMM in serum samples were higher for the ACI patients than for the CCI patients (3.7 (1.4-6.3) and 1.1 (1.0-1.6) μM, respectively; p = 0.0003). The qualitative composition of the SFS was also altered. We discovered significant associations between gut microbial taxa levels and metabolite concentrations in blood serum as well as in feces in each of the ACI and the CCI patients. CONCLUSIONS Aromatic microbial metabolite profiles in the gut and the serum are interlinked and reflect a disruption of the gut microbial community in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Chernevskaya
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25-2 Petrovka str., Moscow, Russia, 107031.
| | - Natalia Beloborodova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25-2 Petrovka str., Moscow, Russia, 107031
| | - Natalia Klimenko
- Atlas Biomed Group - Knomics LLC, 31 Malaya Nikitskaya str., Moscow, Russia, 121069
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova str., Moscow, Russia, 119334
| | - Alisa Pautova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25-2 Petrovka str., Moscow, Russia, 107031
| | - Dmitrii Shilkin
- N. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, 70 Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya str., Moscow, Russia, 105203
| | - Vitaliy Gusarov
- N. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, 70 Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya str., Moscow, Russia, 105203
| | - Alexander Tyakht
- Atlas Biomed Group - Knomics LLC, 31 Malaya Nikitskaya str., Moscow, Russia, 121069
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova str., Moscow, Russia, 119334
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Budhwar S, Sethi K, Chakraborty M. Efficacy of germination and probiotic fermentation on underutilized cereal and millet grains. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-020-00026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cereals and millets have been known as poor man’s crops for a long time, and have good potential in the mercenary system of food and in research and development but these coarse grains have been leftover and underutilised since a long time. In addition to nutritional properties, various elements of cereal grains contain phenolic compounds as well as various anti-nutritional factors. To improve the nutritional quality and availability of these grains, they are processed in several ways. This review discusses the effect of pre-processing techniques such as germination with a combination of probiotic fermentation on various components of underutilised coarse cereals and millets and advantages it brings into the final product. Germinated food mixture usually contains a significantly higher amount of thiamine, lysine and niacin contents. The combination of cereals with other methods results in better nutrient profile and an enhanced amino acid pattern. Fermentation is said to be the most crucial and popular process which considerably lowers the antinutrients present in coarse cereals such as trypsin inhibitor, phytic acid and tannins and hence, enhance the overall nutritive value of coarse cereals and other food grains. Also, germinated cereal-based food products have higher cell count and better growth of beneficial bacteria, thus, germination of cereals facilitates the probiotic fermentation of cereals.
Graphical abstract
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37
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Sankaranarayanan R, Kumar DR, Patel J, Bhat GJ. Do Aspirin and Flavonoids Prevent Cancer through a Common Mechanism Involving Hydroxybenzoic Acids?-The Metabolite Hypothesis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092243. [PMID: 32397626 PMCID: PMC7249170 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research to elucidate the cancer preventive mechanisms of aspirin and flavonoids, a consensus has not been reached on their specific modes of action. This inability to accurately pinpoint the mechanism involved is due to the failure to differentiate the primary targets from its associated downstream responses. This review is written in the context of the recent findings on the potential pathways involved in the prevention of colorectal cancers (CRC) by aspirin and flavonoids. Recent reports have demonstrated that the aspirin metabolites 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA) and the flavonoid metabolites 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid (2,4,6-THBA), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA) and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4,5-THBA) were effective in inhibiting cancer cell growth in vitro. Limited in vivo studies also provide evidence that some of these hydroxybenzoic acids (HBAs) inhibit tumor growth in animal models. This raises the possibility that a common pathway involving HBAs may be responsible for the observed cancer preventive actions of aspirin and flavonoids. Since substantial amounts of aspirin and flavonoids are left unabsorbed in the intestinal lumen upon oral consumption, they may be subjected to degradation by the host and bacterial enzymes, generating simpler phenolic acids contributing to the prevention of CRC. Interestingly, these HBAs are also abundantly present in fruits and vegetables. Therefore, we suggest that the HBAs produced through microbial degradation of aspirin and flavonoids or those consumed through the diet may be common mediators of CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjini Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Translational Cancer Research Center, South Dakota State University, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (R.S.); (J.P.)
| | - D. Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
| | - Janki Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Translational Cancer Research Center, South Dakota State University, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (R.S.); (J.P.)
| | - G. Jayarama Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Translational Cancer Research Center, South Dakota State University, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (R.S.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-605-688-6894
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Zeng X, Su W, Liu B, Chai L, Shi R, Yao H. A Review on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Naringin and Its Therapeutic Efficacies in Respiratory Diseases. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:286-293. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191009162641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are an important class of phytopharmaceuticals in plants. Naringin (naringenin-
7-O-rhamnoglucoside) is a flavanone glycoside isolated from folk herbal medicine Exocarpium Citri
grandis (called Huajuhong in Chinese). Massive experimental works have been performed on naringin
describing its phytochemical, pharmacokinetic, and bioactive properties. Naringin was found to possess
multiple pharmacological activities in relieving inflammation, diabetes, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular
disorders, and metabolic syndrome. Recently, it has been approved as a potential antitussive
and expectorant for clinical trials. However, the pharmacokinetic aspects of naringin and its therapeutic
potentials in respiratory diseases have not been comprehensively reviewed. The present review provides
highlights of naringin with respect to its absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and its
therapeutic effects on cough, phlegm, and pulmonary inflammation. This review would be helpful for
the interpretation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of naringin in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yatsen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yatsen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Buming Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 530022 Nanning, China
| | - Ling Chai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 530022 Nanning, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yatsen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yatsen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
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Cömert ED, Gökmen V. Physiological relevance of food antioxidants. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2020; 93:205-250. [PMID: 32711863 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dietary antioxidants are associated with prevention of oxidative stress related chronic diseases including certain types of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in extending the knowledge on their physiological effects in human body. There are numbers of epidemiological, clinical, meta-analysis, and in vitro studies to explain formation mechanisms of each chronic diseases as well as the potential effects of dietary antioxidants on these diseases and gut health. Comprehensive studies for food antioxidants' journey from dietary intake to target tissues/organs deserve a serious consideration to have a clear understanding on the physiological effects of dietary antioxidants. Therefore, absorption and metabolism of dietary antioxidants, and the factors affecting their absorption, such as solubility of antioxidants, food matrix, and interaction between antioxidants have been evaluated in several research articles. This chapter provides an overview about potential health effects of dietary antioxidants considering with their absorption and metabolism in human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Doğan Cömert
- Food Quality and Safety (FoQuS) Research Group, Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vural Gökmen
- Food Quality and Safety (FoQuS) Research Group, Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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40
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Gut microbiota metabolism of functional carbohydrates and phenolic compounds from soaked and germinated purple rice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Liu Y, Wang X, Chen Q, Luo L, Ma M, Xiao B, Zeng L. Camellia sinensis and Litsea coreana Ameliorate Intestinal Inflammation and Modulate Gut Microbiota in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900943. [PMID: 31951100 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Polyphenol-enriched herbal extracts have been proved as alternative therapeutic strategies for experimentally induced colitis. The in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of Camellia sinensis (green, white, yellow, oolong, black, and dark tea) and Litsea coreana (hawk tea) are comparatively explored. METHODS AND RESULTS HPLC analysis confirms dissimilarities among phytochemical compositions of these teas. The tea extracts (TEs) significantly decrease the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α) and increase the anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. The treatment of TEs in colitis mice can ameliorate colon inflammation, pro-oxidative enzyme activity, colon integrity, and suppress the activation of nuclear factor-κB. Of note, green TE significantly attenuates the DSS-induced decrease in richness and diversity of gut microbiota. Moreover, TEs are capable of exerting a prebiotic effect on gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria (e.g., Faecalibaculum, and Bifidobacterium), and decreasing the abundance of potentially harmful bacteria (e.g., Bacteroids, and Mucispirillum). TEs restore the decreased production of SCFAs in the feces of colitic mice. CONCLUSION The treatment of seven types of tea can alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice, and modulate the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in colitis mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- Tea Research Institute of Puer, Puer, Yunnan, 665000, P. R. China
| | - Qiubing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. of China
| | - Liyong Luo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China.,Tea Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Mengjun Ma
- Xianning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, P. R. China
| | - Bo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. of China
| | - Liang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China.,Tea Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
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Control of XPR1-dependent cellular phosphate efflux by InsP 8 is an exemplar for functionally-exclusive inositol pyrophosphate signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3568-3574. [PMID: 32019887 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908830117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis of cellular fluxes of inorganic phosphate (Pi) supervises its structural roles in bones and teeth, its pervasive regulation of cellular metabolism, and its functionalization of numerous organic compounds. Cellular Pi efflux is heavily reliant on Xenotropic and Polytropic Retrovirus Receptor 1 (XPR1), regulation of which is largely unknown. We demonstrate specificity of XPR1 regulation by a comparatively uncharacterized member of the inositol pyrophosphate (PP-InsP) signaling family: 1,5-bis-diphosphoinositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate (InsP8). XPR1-mediated Pi efflux was inhibited by reducing cellular InsP8 synthesis, either genetically (knockout [KO] of diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinases [PPIP5Ks] that synthesize InsP8) or pharmacologically [cell treatment with 2.5 µM dietary flavonoid or 10 µM N2-(m-trifluorobenzyl), N6-(p-nitrobenzyl) purine], to inhibit inositol hexakisphosphate kinases upstream of PPIP5Ks. Attenuated Pi efflux from PPIP5K KO cells was quantitatively phenocopied by KO of XPR1 itself. Moreover, Pi efflux from PPIP5K KO cells was rescued by restoration of InsP8 levels through transfection of wild-type PPIP5K1; transfection of kinase-dead PPIP5K1 was ineffective. Pi efflux was also rescued in a dose-dependent manner by liposomal delivery of a metabolically resistant methylene bisphosphonate (PCP) analog of InsP8; PCP analogs of other PP-InsP signaling molecules were ineffective. High-affinity binding of InsP8 to the XPR1 N-terminus (K d = 180 nM) was demonstrated by isothermal titration calorimetry. To derive a cellular biology perspective, we studied biomineralization in the Soas-2 osteosarcoma cell line. KO of PPIP5Ks or XPR1 strongly reduced Pi efflux and accelerated differentiation to the mineralization end point. We propose that catalytically compromising PPIP5K mutations might extend an epistatic repertoire for XPR1 dysregulation, with pathological consequences for bone maintenance and ectopic calcification.
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Zeng X, Yao H, Zheng Y, Chen T, Peng W, Wu H, Su W. Metabolite Profiling of Naringin in Rat Urine and Feces Using Stable Isotope-Labeling-Based Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:409-417. [PMID: 31833363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Naringin has been documented to possess various bioactivities. Due to thorny endogenous interferences, the metabolism pathways of naringin and exact amounts of derived phenolic catabolites have not been definitely assigned. In this work, stable isotope-labeling-based liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods were developed to eliminate the endogenous interferences. [2',3',5',6'-D4]-naringin was orally administrated to rats. Urine and feces samples were collected and then analyzed with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). A total of 21 flavonoid metabolites and 11 phenolic catabolites were screened. The metabolism and catabolism pathways were proposed. Furthermore, deuterated naringin and its main metabolites were determined with rapid resolution liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (RRLC-QqQ-MS/MS). The overall recovery of ingested deuterated naringin was calculated as 56.9% without endogenous interferences. The obtained results provide essential information for further pharmacological studies of naringin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , 510275 Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Drug Synthesis and Evaluation Center , Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources , 510260 Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Zheng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , 510275 Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Taobin Chen
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , 510275 Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , 510275 Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , 510275 Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , 510275 Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
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Clifford MN, Kerimi A, Williamson G. Bioavailability and metabolism of chlorogenic acids (acyl‐quinic acids) in humans. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1299-1352. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. Clifford
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of Surrey Guildford UK
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthFaculty of Medicine Nursing and Health SciencesMonash University Notting Hill Victoria Australia
| | - Asimina Kerimi
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthFaculty of Medicine Nursing and Health SciencesMonash University Notting Hill Victoria Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthFaculty of Medicine Nursing and Health SciencesMonash University Notting Hill Victoria Australia
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Sankaranarayanan R, Valiveti CK, Dachineni R, Kumar DR, Lick T, Bhat GJ. Aspirin metabolites 2,3‑DHBA and 2,5‑DHBA inhibit cancer cell growth: Implications in colorectal cancer prevention. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:20-34. [PMID: 31746356 PMCID: PMC6896348 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although compelling evidence exists on the ability of aspirin to treat colorectal cancer (CRC), and numerous theories and targets have been proposed, a consensus has not been reached regarding its mechanism of action. In this regard, a relatively unexplored area is the role played by aspirin metabolites 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA) in its chemopreventive actions. In a previous study, we demonstrated that 2,3-DHBA and 2,5-DHBA inhibited CDK1 enzyme activity in vitro. The aim of the present study was to understand the effect of these metabolites on the enzyme activity of all CDKs involved in cell cycle regulation (CDKs 1, 2, 4 and 6) as well as their effect on clonal formation in three different cancer cell lines. Additionally, in silico studies were performed to determine the potential sites of interactions of 2,3-DHBA and 2,5-DHBA with CDKs. We demonstrated that 2,3-DHBA and 2,5-DHBA inhibits CDK-1 enzyme activity beginning at 500 µM, while CDK2 and CDK4 activity was inhibited only at higher concentrations (>750 µM). 2,3-DHBA inhibited CDK6 enzyme activity from 250 µM, while 2,5-DHBA inhibited its activity >750 µM. Colony formation assays showed that 2,5-DHBA was highly effective in inhibiting clonal formation in HCT-116 and HT-29 CRC cell lines (250–500 µM), and in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line (~100 µM). In contrast 2,3-DHBA was effective only in MDA-MB-231 cells (~500 µM). Both aspirin and salicylic acid failed to inhibit all four CDKs and colony formation. Based on the present results, it is suggested that 2,3-DHBA and 2,5-DHBA may contribute to the chemopreventive properties of aspirin, possibly through the inhibition of CDKs. The present data and the proposed mechanisms should open new areas for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjini Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Translational Cancer Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Avera Health and Sciences Center, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Chaitanya K Valiveti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Translational Cancer Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Avera Health and Sciences Center, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Rakesh Dachineni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Translational Cancer Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Avera Health and Sciences Center, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - D Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Tana Lick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Translational Cancer Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Avera Health and Sciences Center, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - G Jayarama Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Translational Cancer Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Avera Health and Sciences Center, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION We hypothesized that aromatic microbial metabolites (AMM), such as phenyllactic (PhLA), p-hydroxyphenylacetic (p-HPhAA), and p-hydroxyphenyllactic (p-HPhLA) acids, contribute to the pathogenesis of septic shock. METHODS Clinical and laboratory data of patients with community-acquired pneumonia were obtained on intensive care unit admission and the next day. Patients were divided into two groups based on septic shock presence or absence. The levels of AMM (PhLA, p-HPhAA, p-HPhLA, and their sum, ∑3AMM), catecholamine metabolites (3,4-dihydroxymandelic [DHMA], 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic [DOPAC], and homovanillic [HVA] acids), lactate, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and procalcitonin (PCT) were compared. Correlations between AMM and clinical and laboratory data were calculated. RESULTS There were 20 patients in the septic shock group and 21 in the nonseptic shock group. On admission, the septic shock patients demonstrated significantly higher levels of PhLA (2.3 vs. 0.8 μmol/L), p-HPhAA (4.6 vs. 1.4 μmol/L), p-HPhLA (7.4 vs. 2.6 μmol/L), HVA, lactate, and significantly lower levels of iNOS. The next day, the two groups also showed significant differences in the levels of PCT and NT-proBNP. The correlation between ∑3AMM and presence of shock, levels of lactate, HVA, and NT-proBNP on admission was 0.44, 0.67, 0.57, and 0.38, respectively, and the correlation on the next day was 0.59, 0.73, 0.76, and 0.6, respectively (P < 0.01). These findings can be explained by the ability of AMM to reduce tyrosine hydroxylase activity, thus limiting the synthesis of catecholamines. CONCLUSIONS AMM are involved in the pathogenesis of septic shock.
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Serum Levels of Mitochondrial and Microbial Metabolites Reflect Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Different Stages of Sepsis. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9100196. [PMID: 31547099 PMCID: PMC6835733 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis are being extensively studied in recent years. During our study, concentrations of microbial phenolic acids and mitochondrial metabolites (succinic, α-ketoglutaric, fumaric, itaconic acids) as indicators of sepsis and mitochondrial dysfunction, respectively, are measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) in the blood of critically ill patients at the early and late stages of documented sepsis. The increase in levels of some phenylcarboxylic (phenyllactic (PhLA), p-hydroxyphenylacetic (p-HPhAA), p-hydroxyphenyllactic (p-HPhAA)) acids (PhCAs), simultaneously with a rise in levels of mitochondrial dicarboxylic acids, are mainly detected during the late stage of sepsis, especially succinic acid (up to 100–1000 µM). Itaconic acid is found in low concentrations (0.5–2.3 µM) only at early-stage sepsis. PhCAs in vitro inhibits succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in isolated mitochondria but, unlike itaconic acid which acts as a competitive inhibitor of SDH, microbial metabolites most likely act on the ubiquinone binding site of the respiratory chain. A close correlation of the level of succinic acid in serum and sepsis-induced organ dysfunction is revealed, moreover the most significant correlation is observed at high concentrations of phenolic microbial metabolites (PhCAs) in late-stage sepsis. These data indicate the promise of such an approach for early detection, monitoring the progression of organ dysfunction and predicting the risk of non-survival in sepsis.
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Liu F, Wang TTY, Tang Q, Xue C, Li RW, Wu VCH. Malvidin 3-Glucoside Modulated Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Global Metabolome Disrupted in a Murine Colitis Model Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900455. [PMID: 31444937 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms of the anthocyanin malvidin 3-glucoside (MV) in alleviating gut dysbiosis using a murine colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). METHODS AND RESULTS The effect of MV on the structure and function of the colon microbiome and microbial metabolism is evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, global metabolomics, and a network algorithm based on the random-matrix theory. MV ingestion improved histopathological scores and increased IL10 expression in the colon mucosa of colitis mice. While DSS has a profound effect on the gut microbiome and significantly decreases both microbial richness and evenness, MV further reduces evenness but promotes microbial interactions and restores the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio repressed by DSS. Moreover, MV reduces the abundance of pathogenic bacteria, such as Ruminococcus gnavus, in colitis mice and has a strong modulatory effect on microbial co-occurrence patterns and gut metabolites. In addition, MV reverses several key inflammatory mediators, including sphingolipid metabolites, from elevated levels in DSS colitis mice. As a bioactive ingredient, MV exerts its effect on the gut microbiome in a mechanism that differs from the whole blueberry. CONCLUSION MV ingestion ameliorates intestinal inflammation by modulating colon epithelium integrity, gut microbiome, and key inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Albany, CA, 94706, USA
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Robert W Li
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Vivian C H Wu
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Albany, CA, 94706, USA
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Fiori J, Turroni S, Candela M, Gotti R. Assessment of gut microbiota fecal metabolites by chromatographic targeted approaches. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 177:112867. [PMID: 31614303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota, the specific microbial community of the gastrointestinal tract, by means of the production of microbial metabolites provides the host with several functions affecting metabolic and immunological homeostasis. Insights into the intricate relationships between gut microbiota and the host require not only the understanding of its structure and function but also the measurement of effector molecules acting along the gut microbiota axis. This article reviews the literature on targeted chromatographic approaches in analysis of gut microbiota specific metabolites in feces as the most accessible biological matrix which can directly probe the connection between intestinal bacteria and the (patho)physiology of the holobiont. Together with a discussion on sample collection and preparation, the chromatographic methods targeted to determination of some classes of microbiota-derived metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, low molecular masses amines and polyamines, vitamins, neurotransmitters and related compounds) are discussed and their main characteristics, summarized in Tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fiori
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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In vitro impact of amino acid-derived bacterial metabolites on colonocyte mitochondrial activity, oxidative stress response and DNA integrity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1292-1301. [PMID: 31034912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HO-PAA) is produced by intestinal microbiota from L-tyrosine. High concentrations in human fecal water have been associated with cytotoxicity, urging us to test HO-PAA's effects on human colonocytes. We compared these effects with those of phenylacetic acid (PAA), phenol and acetaldehyde, also issued from amino acids fermentation. METHODS HT-29 Glc-/+ human colonocytes were exposed for 24 h to metabolites at concentrations between 350 and 1000 μM for HO-PAA and PAA, 250-1500 μM for phenol and 25-500 μM for acetaldehyde. We evaluated metabolites'cytotoxicity with 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and DNA quantification assays, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production with H2DCF-DA, and DNA damage with the comet assay. We measured cell oxygen consumption and mitochondrial complexes activity by polarography. RESULTS Although HO-PAA displayed no cytotoxic effect on colonocytes, it decreased mitochondrial complex I activity and oxygen consumption. This was paralleled by an increase in ROS production and DNA alteration. Cells pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine, a ROS scavenger, decreased genotoxic effects of HO-PAA, indicating implication of oxidative stress in HO-PAA's genotoxicity. PAA and phenol did not reproduce these effects, but were cytotoxic towards colonocytes. Last, acetaldehyde displayed no effect in terms of cytotoxicity and mitochondrial metabolic activity, but increased DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS Several bacterial metabolites produced from amino acids displayed deleterious effects on human colonocytes, in terms of genotoxicity (HO-PAA and acetaldehyde) or cytotoxicity (PAA and phenol). GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study helps understanding the consequences of intestinal microbiota's metabolic activity on the host since amino acids fermentation can lead to the formation of compounds toxic towards colonic epithelial cells.
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