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Sangklai N, Supungul P, Jaroenlak P, Tassanakajon A. Immune signaling of Litopenaeus vannamei c-type lysozyme and its role during microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012199. [PMID: 38683868 PMCID: PMC11081493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a fungi-related, spore-forming parasite. EHP infection causes growth retardation and size variation in shrimp, resulting in severe economic losses. Studies on shrimp immune response have shown that several antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were upregulated upon EHP infection. Among those highly upregulated AMPs is c-type lysozyme (LvLyz-c). However, the immune signaling pathway responsible for LvLyz-c production in shrimp as well as its function against the EHP infection are still poorly understood. Here, we characterized major shrimp immune signaling pathways and found that Toll and JAK/STAT pathways were up-regulated upon EHP infection. Knocking down of a Domeless (DOME) receptor in the JAK/STAT pathways resulted in a significant reduction of the LvLyz-c and the elevation of EHP copy number. We further elucidated the function of LvLyz-c by heterologously expressing a recombinant LvLyz-c (rLvLyz-c) in an Escherichia coli. rLvLyz-c exhibited antibacterial activity against several bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Interestingly, we found an antifungal activity of rLvLyz-c against Candida albican, which led us to further investigate the effects of rLvLyz-c on EHP spores. Incubation of the EHP spores with rLvLyz-c followed by a chitin staining showed that the signals were dramatically decreased in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that rLvLyz-c possibly digest a chitin coat on the EHP spores. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that an endospore layer, which is composed mainly of chitin, was digested by rLvLyz-c. Lastly, we observed that EHP spores that were treated with rLvLyz-c showed a significant reduction of the spore germination rate. We hypothesize that thinning of the endospore of EHP would result in altered permeability, hence affecting spore germination. This work provides insights into shrimp immune signaling pathways responsible for LvLyz-c production and its anti-EHP property. This knowledge will serve as important foundations for developing EHP control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutthapon Sangklai
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Premruethai Supungul
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Pattana Jaroenlak
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Tersigni J, Tamim El Jarkass H, James EB, Reinke AW. Interactions between microsporidia and other members of the microbiome. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2024:e13025. [PMID: 38561869 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome is the collection of microbes that are associated with a host. Microsporidia are intracellular eukaryotic parasites that can infect most types of animals. In the last decade, there has been much progress to define the relationship between microsporidia and the microbiome. In this review, we cover an increasing number of reports suggesting that microsporidia are common components of the microbiome in both invertebrates and vertebrates. These microsporidia infections can range from mutualistic to pathogenic, causing several physiological phenotypes, including death. Infection with microsporidia often causes a disruption in the normal microbiome, with both increases and decreases of bacterial, fungal, viral, and protozoan species being observed. This impact on the microbiome can occur through upregulation and downregulation of innate immunity as well as morphological changes to tissues that impact interactions with these microbes. Other microbes, particularly bacteria, can inhibit microsporidia and have been exploited to control microsporidia infections. These bacteria can function through regulating immunity, secreting anti-microsporidia compounds, and, in engineered versions, expressing double-stranded RNA targeting microsporidia genes. We end this review by discussing potential future directions to further understand the complex interactions between microsporidia and the other members of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tersigni
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Edward B James
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron W Reinke
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang L, Zhang S, Qiao Y, Cao X, Cheng J, Meng Q, Shen H. Dynamic Interplay of Metabolic and Transcriptional Responses in Shrimp during Early and Late Infection Stages of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16738. [PMID: 38069062 PMCID: PMC10706788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a microsporidian parasite that infects Litopenaeus vannamei, causing severe hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) and resulting in significant economic losses. This study utilizes a combined analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics to unveil the dynamic molecular interactions between EHP and its host, the Pacific white shrimp, during the early and late stages of infection. The results indicate distinct immunological, detoxification, and antioxidant responses in the early and late infection phases. During early EHP infection in shrimp, immune activation coincides with suppression of genes like Ftz-F1 and SEPs, potentially aiding parasitic evasion. In contrast, late infection shows a refined immune response with phagocytosis-enhancing down-regulation of Ftz-F1 and a resurgence in SEP expression. This phase is characterized by an up-regulated detoxification and antioxidant response, likely a defense against the accumulated effects of EHP, facilitating a stable host-pathogen relationship. In the later stages of infection, most immune responses return to baseline levels, while some immune genes remain active. The glutathione antioxidant system is suppressed early on but becomes activated in the later stages. This phenomenon could facilitate the early invasion of EHP while assisting the host in mitigating oxidative damage caused by late-stage infection. Notably, there are distinctive events in polyamine metabolism. Sustained up-regulation of spermidine synthase and concurrent reduction in spermine levels suggest a potential role of polyamines in EHP development. Throughout the infection process, significant differences in genes such as ATP synthase and hexokinase highlight the continuous influence on energy metabolism pathways. Additionally, growth-related pathways involving amino acids such as tryptophan, histidine, and taurine are disrupted early on, potentially contributing to the growth inhibition observed during the initial stages of infection. In summary, these findings elucidate the dynamic interplay between the host, Litopenaeus vannamei, and the parasite, EHP, during infection. Specific phase differences in immune responses, energy metabolism, and antioxidant processes underscore the intricate relationship between the host and the parasite. The disruption of polyamine metabolism offers a novel perspective in understanding the proliferation mechanisms of EHP. These discoveries significantly advance our comprehension of the pathogenic mechanisms of EHP and its interactions with the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiting Zhang
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
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Arumugam U, Sudarsanan GB, Karuppannan AK, Palaniappan S. Metagenomic Studies Reveal the Evidence of Akkermansia muciniphila and Other Probiotic Bacteria in the Gut of Healthy and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP)-Infected Farmed Penaeus vannamei. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10165-4. [PMID: 37749431 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Penaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp) is the most widely cultured shrimp globally. Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), a microsporidian parasite, infects P. vannamei and causes severe growth retardation, subsequent production, and economic losses in the shrimp culture. The influence of EHP infection in the shrimp gut microbiota is poorly studied, and this would be an interesting area to investigate since the gut microbiome of shrimp influences a number of key host processes such as digestion and immunity. In this study, a metagenomic approach was followed to compare the overall species richness of the gut microbiota of EHP-infected and healthy P. vannamei. Bacterial genomic DNA from the healthy and EHP-infected gut sample were profiled for the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, targeting the V3-V4 conserved region. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs), an approximation of definitive taxonomic identity, were identified based on the sequence similarity within the sample reads and clustered together using a cut-off of 97% identity using UCLUST. The OTUs were then used for the computation of alpha diversity and beta diversity for each sample. EHP-infected gut sample showed lower bacterial abundance throughout the family, class, order, genus, and species levels when compared to healthy gut sample. This study shows that the shrimp gut microbiota is sensitive and exhibits a high level of plasticity during a microsporidian infection like EHP. Furthermore, Akkermansia muciniphila, a novel probiotic bacterium, has been reported in the shrimp gut for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Arumugam
- State Referral Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Health, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Madhavaram Campus, Chennai, 600051, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ganesh Babu Sudarsanan
- State Referral Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Health, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Madhavaram Campus, Chennai, 600051, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anbu Kumar Karuppannan
- Bioinformatics Center, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Vepery, Chennai, 600007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subash Palaniappan
- State Referral Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Health, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Madhavaram Campus, Chennai, 600051, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhang J, Tang Z, Liu Z, Wang G, Yang X, Hou X. Metabolomic and proteomic analyses of primary Sjogren's syndrome. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152722. [PMID: 37567091 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) has not been fully elucidated. We explored differentially expressed proteins and metabolic pathways in pSS using proteomics and metabolomics. 456 named proteins in total were identified, among which 50 were significantly changed in the pSS. Altered proteins were significantly associated with signaling pathways such as antigen processing and presentation, human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection, and FC gamma R-mediated phagocytosis. Meanwhile, 12 proteins, such as SH3BGRL3, TPM4, and CA1, can be used as potential clinical molecular markers. Moreover, 128 metabolites were significantly expressed in the pSS group. A total of 96 pathways were significantly enriched including central carbon metabolism in cancer, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and ABC transporters. Notably, both proteomics and metabolomics enriched glycolysis/gluconeogenesis metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, and glutathione metabolism pathways. In this study, the progression mechanism of pSS was analyzed and novel biomarkers were identified by proteomics and metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junning Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Zixing Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Xianliang Hou
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China.
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Bunduruș IA, Balta I, Butucel E, Callaway T, Popescu CA, Iancu T, Pet I, Stef L, Corcionivoschi N. Natural Antimicrobials Block the Host NF-κB Pathway and Reduce Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei Infection Both In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1994. [PMID: 37514180 PMCID: PMC10383616 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to investigate, for the first time, the antioxidant effect of a mixture of natural antimicrobials in an Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) shrimp-gut model of infection and the biological mechanisms involved in their way of action. The study approach included investigations, firstly, in vitro, on shrimp-gut primary (SGP) epithelial cells and in vivo by using EHP-challenged shrimp. Our results show that exposure of EHP spores to 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% AuraAqua (Aq) significantly reduced spore activity at all concentrations but was more pronounced after exposure to 0.5% Aq. The Aq was able to reduce EHP infection of SGP cells regardless of cells being pretreated or cocultured during infection with Aq. The survivability of SGP cells infected with EHP spores was significantly increased in both scenarios; however, a more noticeable effect was observed when the infected cells were pre-exposed to Aq. Our data show that infection of SGP cells by EHP activates the host NADPH oxidases and the release of H2O2 produced. When Aq was used during infection, a significant reduction in H2O2 was observed concomitant with a significant increase in the levels of CAT and SOD enzymes. Moreover, in the presence of 0.5% Aq, the overproduction of CAT and SOD was correlated with the inactivation of the NF-κB pathway, which, otherwise, as we show, is activated upon EHP infection of SGP cells. In a challenge test, Aq was able to significantly reduce mortality in EHP-infected shrimp and increase the levels of CAT and SOD in the gut tissue. Conclusively, these results show, for the first time, that a mixture of natural antimicrobials (Aq) can reduce the EHP-spore activity, improve the survival rates of primary gut-shrimp epithelial cells and reduce the oxidative damage caused by EHP infection. Moreover, we show that Aq was able to stop the H2O2 activation of the NF-κB pathway of Crustins, Penaeidins, and the lysozyme, and the CAT and SOD activity both in vitro and in a shrimp challenge test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Adelina Bunduruș
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Igori Balta
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Eugenia Butucel
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Todd Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Cosmin Alin Popescu
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Tiberiu Iancu
- Faculty of Management and Rural Tourism, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Pet
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Stef
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street, No. 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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Subash P, Chrisolite B, Sivasankar P, Rosalind George M, Vijay Amirtharaj KS, Padmavathy P, Rani V, Sankar Sri Balaje R, Gowtham S, Mageshkumar P. White feces syndrome in Penaeus vannamei is potentially an Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) associated pathobiome origin of Vibrio spp. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 198:107932. [PMID: 37169328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
White feces syndrome (WFS) is a commercially important disease in Penaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp) farming. The aetiology beyond the white or golden white midgut with mediocre growth performance producing a floating mass of white fecal strings in WFS-affected shrimp farms remains uncharted. To give WFS a perception of pathobiome, healthy P. vannamei shrimps were subjected to an enteric microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection along with Vibrio harveyi and V. alginolyticus in different combinations. Immune responses in haemolymph (total haemocyte count (THC), prophenoloxidase activity (proPO), respiratory burst activity (RBA), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and catalase activity (CAT)), plasma biochemical changes (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) and digestive enzymes activity (alpha-amylase (AMY), lipase (LIP) and protease (PRO)) were assessed in the challenged shrimps at 5, 10 and 15 days post-infection (dpi). The microbial interactions between the EHP and Vibrio spp. have led to the formation of WFS in the challenged shrimps. The histological sections of the hepatopancreas revealed the presence of EHP along with colonized bacterial masses, leading to the formation of aggregated transformed microvilli (ATM) structures and increased sloughing of lipid vacuoles into the tubule lumen. A significantly decreased THC and increased proPO levels, dysregulated antioxidant system, prominent hepatic damage, reduced energy metabolism and higher lipid production were the key records supporting that EHP-associated WFS in P. vannamei is due to the pathobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniappan Subash
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Bagthasingh Chrisolite
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Panchavarnam Sivasankar
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - K S Vijay Amirtharaj
- Mariculture Research Farm Facility, Department of Aquaculture, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pandurengan Padmavathy
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Velu Rani
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravi Sankar Sri Balaje
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundararajan Gowtham
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paulraj Mageshkumar
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
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Wang T, Gao Z, Ru X, Wang X, Yang B, Zhang L. Metabolomics for in situ monitoring of attached Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus edulis: Effects of offshore wind farms on aquatic organisms. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 187:105944. [PMID: 36940557 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While offshore wind power has support from countries around the world, studies show that offshore wind farms (OWFs) may affect marine organisms. Environmental metabolomics is a high-throughput method that provides a snapshot of an organism's metabolic state. To elucidate the effects of OWFs on aquatic organisms, we studied, in situ, Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus edulis attached within and outside of OWFs and their reef areas. Our results show that epinephrine, sulphaniline, and inosine 5'-monophosphate were significantly increased and L-carnitine was significantly reduced in both Crassostrea and Mytilus species from the OWFs. This may be related to immune response, oxidative stress, energy metabolism and osmotic pressure regulation of aquatic organisms. Our study shows that active selection of biological monitoring methods for risk assessment is necessary and that metabolomics of attached shellfish is useful in elucidating the metabolic pathways of aquatic organisms in OWFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaoming Gao
- Binzhou Ocean Development Research Institute, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Xiaoshang Ru
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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9
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Sukonthamarn P, Nanakorn Z, Junprung W, Supungul P, Tassanakajon A. Role of hemocytin from Litopenaeus vannamei in immune response against microsporidian, Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 136:108710. [PMID: 37004896 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hemocytin, a multidomain hemostasis-related protein, is a homologous protein of hemolectin in Drosophila melanogaster and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in humans. The vWF type D (VWD) domain in hemocytin is thought to be a major mediator of hemocyte aggregation and the prophenoloxidase (proPO) activation system. Here, we report for the first time the role of hemocytin from Litopenaeus vannamei (LvHCT) against Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), the pathogenic microsporidian causing hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis in Pacific white shrimp (L. vannamei). The LvHCT gene contains 58,366 base pairs consisting of 84 exons encoding for 4267 amino acids. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that LvHCT was clustered with crustacean hemocytins. Gene expression analysis by quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that LvHCT in hemocytes was significantly upregulated at 9 and 11 days post-EHP cohabitation, which was consistent with EHP copy numbers in the infected shrimp. To further investigate the biological function of LvHCT in EHP infection, a recombinant protein containing an LvHCT-specific VWD domain (rLvVWD) was expressed in Escherichia coli. In vitro agglutination assays showed that rLvVWD was functionally representative of LvHCT and induced aggregation of pathogens, including Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, fungi, and EHP spore. LvHCT suppression resulted in higher EHP copy numbers and proliferation due to the lack of hemocytin-mediated EHP spore aggregation in LvHCT-silenced shrimp. Moreover, immune-related genes in the proPO-activating cascade and Toll, IMD and JAK/STAT signaling pathways were upregulated to eliminate the over-controlled EHP in LvHCT-silenced shrimp. Furthermore, the impaired phenoloxidase activity due to LvLGBP suppression was recovered after rLvVWD injection, suggesting that LvHCT may be directly involved in phenoloxidase activation. In conclusion, a novel LvHCT is involved in shrimp immunity against EHP via EHP spore aggregation and possible activation of the proPO-activating cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongsakorn Sukonthamarn
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Zittipong Nanakorn
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wisarut Junprung
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Premruethai Supungul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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10
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Farhadi A, Tang S, Huang M, Yu Q, Xu C, Li E. Identification of key immune and stress related genes and pathways by comparative analysis of the gene expression profile under multiple environmental stressors in pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108695. [PMID: 36935045 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Water salinity, pH, and nitrite concentration are considered environmental factors affecting the growth rate, survival, health, and physiological conditions of aquatic animals. The identification of key genes that are involved in the response to environmental stressors is essential for controlling stress in aquatic animals and sustainable aquaculture. In this study, RNA sequencing was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and biological pathways that are involved in the response of the hepatopancreas to environmental stressors, including low salinity stress, nitrite stress, low pH stress, and high pH stress. The DEGs were enriched in biological pathways related to immune response, energy metabolism, oxidative stress response, hemostasis, and enzymatic activity of the hepatopancreas. In addition to the identification of DEGs related to each stressor, some DEGs were found to be expressed among all groups. The most important overlapping DEGs under multiple stressors were juvenile hormone esterase-like protein 2 (JHE-like), myosin light chain, C-type lectin 2, myosin-9-like, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor 1 (ALF-1), peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme An oxidase 1-like (ACX1), hepatic lectin-like, venom phosphodiesterase 2-like, hemolymph clottable protein-like (CP), cathepsin L, and Ras-like protein 2. The results of the present study provide additional information regarding the transcriptional response of the hepatopancreas to low salinity, nitrite, low pH, and high pH stress. Moreover, the discovery of several overlapping DEGs among different stressors provided a better understanding of the molecular function of the hepatopancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardavan Farhadi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Shangshang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Maoxian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Qiuran Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Erchao Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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11
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Li J, Wang Y, Hu J, Bao Z, Wang M. An isothermal enzymatic recombinase amplification (ERA) assay for rapid and accurate detection of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection in shrimp. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 197:107895. [PMID: 36754116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a kind of microsporidian parasite belonging to fungi, and poses a serious threat to prawn farmers. Due to the lack of effective treatments for EHP, the establishment of a rapid and sensitive detection method would be beneficial to the control and prevention of this prawn parasitic disease. In this study, an isothermal enzymatic recombinase amplification (EHP-ERA) assay that could diagnose EHP within 20 min at 42 °C was developed and evaluated. The determined final concentrations of primers and probe in the reaction system were 400 nM and 120 nM, respectively. EHP-ERA was carried out within 13 min (24.31 ± 0.37 Ct) with a detection limit of 10 copies/μL. The results of specificity test showed that EHP-ERA had no cross-reactivity with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (VpAHPND), and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) and specific pathogen free (SPF) shrimp. Using 32 clinical samples, the practical diagnostic results of EHP-ERA was consistent with nested PCR and real-time PCR (qPCR) under the premise of less time-consuming and simpler operation. In summary, we established a simple, rapid, and effective ERA assay for the detection of EHP, which had great potential to be widely used in both lab and practical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaobing Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Qingdao 266003), and Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institution (Sanya 572024), Ocean University of China, China
| | - Yan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Qingdao 266003), and Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institution (Sanya 572024), Ocean University of China, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China.
| | - Jingjie Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Qingdao 266003), and Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institution (Sanya 572024), Ocean University of China, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, and Center for Marine Molecular Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Qingdao 266003), and Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institution (Sanya 572024), Ocean University of China, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, and Center for Marine Molecular Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Qingdao 266003), and Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institution (Sanya 572024), Ocean University of China, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, and Center for Marine Molecular Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China.
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12
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Mendoza-Porras O, Broadbent JA, Beale DJ, Escobar-Correas SM, Osborne SA, Simon CJ, Wade NM. Post-prandial response in hepatopancreas and haemolymph of Penaeus monodon fed different diets. Omics insights into glycoconjugate metabolism, energy utilisation, chitin biosynthesis, immune function, and autophagy. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY PART D: GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS 2023; 46:101073. [PMID: 37018937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Raw materials or bioactive ingredients trigger mechanisms to assimilate nutrients and activate metabolic pathways that promote growth, immune function, or energy storage. Our understanding of these processes at a molecular level remains limited in aquaculture, especially in shrimp. Here, hepatopancreas proteomics and haemolymph metabolomics were used to investigate the post-prandial response of black tiger shrimps (Penaeus monodon) fed a conventional fishmeal diet (FM); a diet supplemented with the microbial biomass Novacq™ (NV); krill meal (KM); or, fasted (FS). Using FM as a control, a 2-fold change in abundance threshold was implemented to determine the significance of proteins and metabolites. NV fed shrimp showed preference for energy derived from carbohydrates indicated by a strong signature of glycoconjugate metabolism and activation of the amino- and nucleotide sugar metabolic pathway. KM activated the glyoxylate and dicarboxylate pathway that denoted shrimp preference for lipidic energy. KM also influenced energy generation by the TCA cycle inferred from higher abundance of the metabolites succinic semialdehyde, citric acid, isocitrate, alpha ketoglutarate and ATP and downregulation of the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase that catalyses oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate. FS shrimp displayed down-regulation of oxidative phosphorylation and resorted to internal lipid reserves for energy homeostasis displaying a strong signature of autophagy. Pyrimidine metabolism was the preferred energy strategy in this group. Our study also provided evidence that during fasting or consumption of specific ingredients, shrimp share common pathways to meet their energy requirements, however, the intensity at which these pathways were impacted was diet dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Mendoza-Porras
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
| | - James A Broadbent
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - David J Beale
- CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Simone A Osborne
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Cedric J Simon
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Wade
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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13
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Cao Z, Gao Y, Xu J, Yang N, Li T, Chang L, Si L, Yan D. Transcriptome analysis of the hepatopancreas in Penaeus vannamei under experimental infection with Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108605. [PMID: 36758659 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a specialized intracellular parasite that mainly resides in the hepatopancreas of shrimp, causing significant growth retardation in shrimp. In this study, Penaeus vannamei was infected with EHP through an artificial challenge experiment, and the different genes and pathways in the hepatopancreas between EHP-infected and healthy shrimp were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that a total of 240 significantly differentially expressed genes were obtained, including 99 up-regulated genes and 141 down-regulated genes. Immune-related genes such as Astakine, lysozyme, NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), and macrophage mannose receptor 1-like (MMR) were up-regulated, and the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (PLRP2), lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA), and adiponectin receptor protein (AdipoR) were also increased. However, several genes were down-regulated in carbohydrate and protein metabolism, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), trypsin-1, and delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (ALDH18A1). The results suggested that EHP infection of shrimps could significantly activate the immune system, but the energy and material metabolism processes were disturbed. This study identified a substantial number of genes and pathways associated with EHP infection, providing a valuable resource for revealing the molecular mechanism of growth retardation in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Linrui Chang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Lingjun Si
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China.
| | - Dongchun Yan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China.
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14
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DNA double-strand break repair machinery in Penaeid crustaceans: A focus on the Non-Homologous End-Joining pathway. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 264:110803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Jang GI, Kim SM, Oh YK, Lee SJ, Hong SY, Lee HE, Kwon MG, Kim BS. First Report of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei Infection in Giant Freshwater Prawn ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man) Cultured in the Republic of Korea. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223149. [PMID: 36428377 PMCID: PMC9686700 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Republic of Korea, Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) was first isolated from Pacific whiteleg shrimp in April 2020; however, there are no existing reports of EHP infection in other shrimp or prawns. Here, we aimed to investigate EHP infection and its prevalence in giant freshwater prawn farms in the Republic of Korea. We tested prawns from 22 farms for EHP infection, and samples from eight farms showed positive EHP infection results in 2021. In EHP-infected prawn farms, the prevalence ranged from 4.9% to 18.2%. The prevalence of EHP infection in the Republic of Korea, derived from the prevalence in prawn farms, was estimated to be 0.8% in 2021. The proliferation of EHP was observed within the hepatopancreatic epithelial cells of prawns using H&E and Giemsa staining. Mature EHP was observed in the sinus between epithelial cells of the digestive tubules. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a clade distinct from the previously reported EHP in Pacific whiteleg shrimps. This is the first report of EHP infection in a giant freshwater prawn in the Republic of Korea, where the prevalence of EHP infection is not high, but it is recognized as an emerging disease that requires periodic monitoring and quarantine management in giant freshwater prawns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Il Jang
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Kyeong Oh
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Jeong Lee
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Youl Hong
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Eun Lee
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Gyeong Kwon
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Seong Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-(0)63-469-1884
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16
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Down-Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in the Hepatopancreas of Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei upon Light and Heavy Infection of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei: A Comparative Proteomic Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911574. [PMID: 36232879 PMCID: PMC9570011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is the pathogen of hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) in shrimp. The diseased shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei exhibits a slow growth syndrome, which causes severe economic losses. Herein, 4D label-free quantitative proteomics was employed to analyze the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei with a light (EHPptp2 < 103 copies/50 ng hpDNA, L group) and heavy (EHPptp2 > 104 copies/50 ng hpDNA, H group) load of EHP to better understand the pathogenesis of HPM. Exactly 786 (L group) and 1056 (H group) differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) versus the EHP-free (C group) control were mainly clustered to lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy production processing. Compared with the L group, the H group exhibited down-regulation significantly in lipid metabolism, especially in the elongation and degradation of fatty acid, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid, metabolism of α-linolenic acid, sphingolipid, and glycerolipid, as well as juvenile hormone (JH) degradation. Expression pattern analysis showed that the degree of infection was positively correlated with metabolic change. About 479 EHP proteins were detected in infected shrimps, including 95 predicted transporters. These findings suggest that EHP infection induced the consumption of storage lipids and the entire down-regulation of lipid metabolism and the coupling energy production, in addition to the hormone metabolism disorder. These were ultimately responsible for the stunted growth.
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17
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Ren X, Jia S, Gao B, Zhou Q, Xu Y, Liu P, Li J. Application of proteomics and metabolomics to assess ammonia stress response and tolerance mechanisms of juvenile ornate rock lobster Panulirus ornatus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155751. [PMID: 35533861 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is a common pollutant in the aquatic ecosystem and closed aquaculture systems. It may pose a threat to the lobster growth, reproduction and survival. However, there is lack of research of the mechanisms on the toxic effects ammonia at molecular levels. In this work, proteomics and metabolomics were integrated to analyze the proteome and metabolome responses in the ornate spiny lobster Panulirus ornatus treated with ammonia (20 mg L-1) for 48 h. A total of 199 proteins and 176 metabolites were significantly altered in P. ornatus following ammonia treatment. The responsive proteins and metabolites were predominantly involved in immune response, phase I and phase II biotransformation, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, an increase in urea levels was observed, and amino acid metabolism was induced, indicating that the urea cycle was utilized to biotransform ammonia so as to reduce endogenous ammonia content. Ammonia exposure also affected the antioxidant system and induced cellular apoptosis. Overall, our results provide comprehensive insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of P. ornatus to ammonia stress. We believe that the data reported herein should contribute to the development of novel, efficient methods for P. ornatus aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyun Ren
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Shaoting Jia
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Baoquan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Qiansen Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Yao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China.
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18
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Diwan AD, Harke SN, Panche AN. Application of proteomics in shrimp and shrimp aquaculture. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 43:101015. [PMID: 35870418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.101015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since proteins play an important role in the life of an organism, many researchers are now looking at how genes and proteins interact to form different proteins. It is anticipated that the creation of adequate tools for rapid analysis of proteins will accelerate the determination of functional aspects of these biomolecules and develop new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Though shrimp contains high-quality marine proteins, there are reports about the heavy losses to the shrimp industry due to the poor quality of shrimp production and many times due to mass mortality also. Frequent outbreaks of diseases, water pollution, and quality of feed are some of the most recognized reasons for such losses. In the seafood export market, shrimp occupies the top position in currency earnings and strengthens the economy of many developing nations. Therefore, it is vital for shrimp-producing companies they produce healthy shrimp with high-quality protein. Though aquaculture is a very competitive market, global awareness regarding the use of scientific knowledge and emerging technologies to obtain better-farmed organisms through sustainable production has enhanced the importance of proteomics in seafood biology research. Proteomics, as a powerful tool, has therefore been increasingly used to address several issues in shrimp aquaculture. In the present paper, efforts have been made to address some of them, particularly the role of proteomics in reproduction, breeding and spawning, immunological responses and disease resistance capacity, nutrition and health, microbiome and probiotics, quality and safety of shrimp production, bioinformatics applications in proteomics, the discovery of protein biomarkers, and mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses. Future challenges and research directions on proteomics in shrimp aquaculture have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Diwan
- MGM Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Mission University N-6, CIDCO, Aurangabad-431003, Maharashtra, India.
| | - S N Harke
- MGM Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Mission University N-6, CIDCO, Aurangabad-431003, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Archana N Panche
- Novo Nordisk Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, B220 Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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19
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The emerging pathogen Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei drives a degenerative cyclic pattern in the hepatopancreas microbiome of the shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Sci Rep 2022; 12:14766. [PMID: 36042348 PMCID: PMC9427843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is an emerging pathogen that causes substantial economic losses in shrimp (Penaeus spp.) aquaculture worldwide. To prevent diseases in shrimp, the manipulation of the gut microbiota has been suggested. However, prior knowledge of the host-microbiome is necessary. We assessed the modulation of the microbiome (bacteria/fungi) and its predicted functions over the course of disease progression in shrimp experimentally challenged with EHP for 30 days using high throughput 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing. Infection grade was assessed for the first time by quantitative digital histopathology. According to the infection intensity, three disease-stages (early/developmental/late) were registered. During the early-stage, EHP was not consistently detected, and a high diversity of potentially beneficial microorganisms related to nutrient assimilation were found. In the development-stage, most of the shrimp start to register a high infection intensity related to a decrease in beneficial microorganisms and an increase in opportunistic/pathogenic fungi. During late-stage, animals displayed different infection intensities, showed a displacement of beneficial microorganisms by opportunistic/pathogenic bacteria and fungi related to pathogen infection processes and depletion of energetic reserves. The degenerative cyclic pattern of EHP infection and its effects on beneficial microorganisms and beneficial functions of the shrimp hepatopancreas microbiome are discussed.
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20
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Chen YL, Kumar R, Liu CH, Wang HC. Litopenaeus vannamei peritrophin interacts with WSSV and AHPND-causing V. parahaemolyticus to regulate disease pathogenesis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:271-282. [PMID: 35609762 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Peritrophins are peritrophic membrane (PM) proteins that can interact with chitin fibers via chitin-binding domains. Peritrophins have essential roles in providing porosity and strength to the PM that lines the shrimp midgut. Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), caused by strains of V. parahaemolyticus, is known to initially colonize the shrimp stomach and simultaneously disrupt its structural barriers (e.g., cuticle or epithelial tissues) to reach the hepatopancreas. Although stomach and hepatopancreas were identified as target tissues involved in AHPND pathogenesis, our results indicated that peritrophin in peritrophic membrane has a crucial role in determining not only colonization of AHPND-causing bacteria but also their tissue distribution. As the interaction between LvPeritrophin (LvPT) and WSSV (white spot syndrome virus) is not well understood, we noted that LvPT expression was upregulated in shrimp stomach challenged with either WSSV or AHPND. In an in vitro pathogen binding assay, there was strong binding of recombinant LvPT WSSV and AHPND-causing V. parahaemolyticus, and various bacteria. Furthermore, dsRNA-mediated LvPT silencing inhibited WSSV gene expression and viral genome replication. However, downregulation of LvPT gene expression increased copies of AHPND-causing bacteria in shrimp digestive tract, and facilitated bacterial colonization in stomach. In conclusion, we speculated that LvPT might regulate bacterial colonization during AHPND, whereas in WSSV infection, LvPT silencing favored the host. Although recombinant LvPT had strong binding with WSSV, the precise role of LvPT in WSSV infection needs further investigation. These findings increased our understanding of host-pathogen interactions in AHPND and WSSV infection that can be applied in shrimp aquaculture for developing effective antibacterial and antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ramya Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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21
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Li C, Xing X, Qi H, Liu Y, Jian F, Wang J. The arachidonic acid and its metabolism pathway play important roles for Apostichopus japonicus infected by Vibrio splendens. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 125:152-160. [PMID: 35561951 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Improving the immune ability and guiding healthy culture for sea cucumber by purposefully screening the significant differential metabolites when Apostichopus japonicus (A. japonicus) is infected by pathogens is important. In this study, 35 types of significant differential metabolites appeared when A. japonicus were infected by Vibrio splendens (VSI group) compared with the control A. japonicus group (CK group) by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based untargeted metabolomics. Based on that finding, the 10 types of key metabolic pathways were analyzed by MetPA. The "arachidonic acid (ARA) metabolism" pathway, which was screened by three elevated biomarkers: ARA, prostaglandin F2α and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, had an important impact on immune stress in A. japonicus. Due to the similar changes in several metabolites in its metabolic pathway, the ARA metabolic pathway was selected for further study. The activities of ACP, AKP and lysozyme, which are important innate immune-related enzymes, the survival rates of A. japonicus infected with V. splendidus and the relative content of ARA in the body wall detected by GC-MS were all upregulated significantly by exogenous daily 0.60% and 1.09% ARA consumption over a short period of approximately 7 days. These results demonstrated that ARA and its metabolic pathway indeed played important roles in the immunity of A. japonicus infected by the pathogen. The findings also provide novel insights for the effects of metabolites in A. japonicum healthy culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Xuan Xing
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Hongqing Qi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Fanjie Jian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Jihui Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, PR China
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22
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Changes in the intestinal microbiota of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) with different severities of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 191:107763. [PMID: 35568066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei during Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection was investigated by 16S rRNA gene-based analysis. The results showed that bacterial diversity in the intestine of L. vannamei was high, but it decreased with increasing severity of EHP infection. The relative abundances of the phyla Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria decreased significantly with a decrease in body size or EHP infection severity (P<0.05). The most abundant genera were Pseudomonas, Methylobacterium, Bradyrhizobium, Bacteroides, Vibrio, Prevotella and so on. In addition, the relative abundances of some bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, Bradyrhizobium, Bacteroides and Vibrio, increased significantly with a decrease in body size or EHP infection severity (P<0.05). These findings suggest that changes in the intestinal microbiota occur depending on the severity of EHP infection.
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23
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Subash P, Uma A, Ahilan B. Early responses in Penaeus vannamei during experimental infection with Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) spores by injection and oral routes. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 190:107740. [PMID: 35257718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis caused by Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is associated with severe production losses in Penaeus vannamei farming. Early responses in P. vannamei experimentally infected with EHP was assessed in this study by feeding infected hepatopancreatic tissue and by injecting purified EHP spores (∼1 × 105 Spores/shrimp). Immune responses to EHP infection were assessed in the haemolymph by analysing the total haemocyte count (THC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, prophenoloxidase activity (proPO), respiratory burst activity (RBA), catalase activity (CAT), lysozyme activity (LYS) and Toll gene expression in hepatopancreas at 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h post-infection (hpi). Experimental infection with EHP resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the immune parameters such THC, CAT and LYS at 6, 24 and 24 hpi respectively while there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the levels of SOD, proPO and RBA at 6 hpi. The expression of the Toll gene was significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) after experimental infection with EHP from 6 hpi. These findings on immune responses in P. vannamei during EHP infection will assist in the development of suitable management measures to reduce the negative impacts of EHP in P. vannamei farming. This is the first report on early responses in P. vannamei during EHP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniappan Subash
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Dr. M.G.R. Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Ponneri 601204, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arumugam Uma
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Dr. M.G.R. Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Ponneri 601204, Tamil Nadu, India; State Referral Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Health, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Madhavaram Campus, Madhavaram milk colony 600051, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Baboonsundaram Ahilan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Dr. M.G.R. Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Ponneri 601204, Tamil Nadu, India
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24
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Yu D, Zhai Y, He P, Jia R. Comprehensive Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Litopenaeus vannamei Hepatopancreas After WSSV Challenge. Front Immunol 2022; 13:826794. [PMID: 35222409 PMCID: PMC8867067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Litopenaeus vannamei is the major farmed shrimp species worldwide. White spot disease due to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is severely affecting shrimp worldwide, causing extensive economic losses in L. vannamei culture. This is the first study that applied combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis to study the effects on the L. vannamei hepatopancreas after WSSV challenge. Our transcriptomic data revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with immunity, apoptosis, the cytoskeleton and the antioxidant system in the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei. Metabolomic results showed that WSSV disrupts metabolic processes including amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and nucleotide metabolism. After challenged by WSSV, immune-related DEGs and differential metabolites (DMs) were detected in the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei, indicating that WSSV may damage the immune system and cause metabolic disorder in the shrimp. In summary, these results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying L. vannamei's response to WSSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianjiang Yu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Zhai
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peimin He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Jia
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Zhang X, Hou Z, Tian X, Wu D, Dai Q. Multi-omics reveals host metabolism associated with the gut microbiota composition in mice with dietary ε-polylysine. Food Funct 2022; 13:4069-4085. [PMID: 35315841 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04227k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the influence of dietary supplementation of ε-polylysine on the gut microbiota and host nutrient metabolism, which is not systematically discussed by multi-omics analysis. A total of 40 mice were randomly divided into two groups exposed to either a basal diet (AIN-76A) or a basal diet with 150 ppm ε-polylysine. Fecal samples were collected for gut bacteria identification. Liver and plasma samples were collected for metabolomic and proteomic analyses. The results showed that ε-polylysine decreased the body weight of mice and affected the presence of certain types of intestinal microorganisms. The richness of the microbiota and number of phyla increased with age. ε-Polylysine affected the presence of genera and species, and either regulated or took part in the metabolism of energy, nitrogen, amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, glycans, cofactors, and vitamins. The metabolite profiling showed that lipid and lipid-like molecules metabolites occupied the majority percent of plasma and liver metabolites. Additionally, ε-polylysine regulated the key role of metabolites and related metabolic enzymes in the metabolic pathways, especially phospholipid metabolism. In conclusion, dietary ε-polylysine improved the immunity of growing mice, and had a greater effect on the anabolism of nutrients in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelei Zhang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Zhenping Hou
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Xu Tian
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Duanqin Wu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Qiuzhong Dai
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
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26
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Li W, Wang J, Li J, Liu P, Li J, Zhao F. Antioxidant, Transcriptome and the Metabolome Response to Dietary Astaxanthin in Exopalaemon carinicauda. Front Physiol 2022; 13:859305. [PMID: 35431980 PMCID: PMC9005770 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.859305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (Axn), a feed additive, is becoming increasingly important for modulating the metabolism, growth, development, and reproduction of aquatic organisms in aquaculture. In this study, Exopalaemon carinicauda (E. carinicauda) is an economically important fishery species in China that has been found to exhibit increased body weight following Axn feeding as compared to a standard diet. The antioxidant, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses of the response of E. carinicauda after Axn feeding were investigated. Axn could reduce the content of malondialdehyde and increase the activities of various antioxidant enzymes, which also proved that axn can improve the antioxidant capacity Transcriptomic analysis suggested that synthesis and secretion of immune proteins, cytoskeleton structure, and apoptosis signaling were altered after Axn feeding. The metabolic response to axn mainly includes the up regulation of different amino acids and the change of unsaturated fatty acids. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic data indicated that amino acid metabolic pathways were upregulated in the muscles after Axn feeding. For good measure, energy metabolism pathways were upregulated in the muscles to improve ATP and unsaturated fatty acid production. This study provides key information to increase our understanding of the effects of Axn in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jitao Li
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Li
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fazhen Zhao
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
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27
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Liu Y, Xing K, Yan C, Zhou Y, Xu X, Sun Y, Zhang J. Transcriptome analysis of Neocaridina denticulate sinensis challenged by Vibrio parahemolyticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:31-38. [PMID: 34628047 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a common aquatic pathogen, Vibrio parahaemolyticus can cause a variety of diseases of shrimp, especially acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), which leads to great losses to the aquaculture industry around the world. However, the molecular mechanism of V. parahaemolyticus infection is still unclear. Neocaridina denticulate sinensis is a kind of small ornamental shrimp that is popular in aquarium trade, and due to its tenacious vitality, rapid growth, high reproductive capacity, it is very suitable to be developed as an animal model for basic research on decapod crustaceans. Thus, in this paper, transcriptomes of N. denticulate sinensis hepatopancreas with or without V. parahaemolyticus injection were explored. The results showed that a total of 23,624 genes with the N50 of 2705 bp were obtained. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed 21,464 differentially expressed genes between the V. parahaemolyticus infected and non-infected group, of which, 11,127 genes were up-regulated and 10,337 genes were down-regulated. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that many DEGs enriched in immune related pathways, including MAPK signaling pathway, Phosphatidylinositol signaling system, Chemokine signaling pathway, Phagosome and Jak-STAT signaling pathway and so on. Eight genes were selected randomly for qRT-PCR to verify the transcriptome sequencing results and the results showed the expression of these genes were consistent with the transcriptome results. Our work provides a unique and important dataset that contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the immune response to V. parahaemolyticus infection and may further provide the basis for the prevention and resolution of bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Kefan Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Congcong Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yongzhao Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Xuemei Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yuying Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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28
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Alfaro AC, Nguyen TV, Rodríguez JA, Bayot B, Domínguez-Borbor C, Sonnenholzner S, Azizan A, Venter L. Evaluation of immune stimulatory products for whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) by a metabolomics approach. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:421-428. [PMID: 34896292 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of probiotics, prebiotics and dietary fiber has become a common practice in shrimp aquaculture as alternatives to antibiotic treatment. However, not much is known about the metabolic mechanisms underlying the effects of probiotics and immunostimulant used in shrimp aquaculture. In this study, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolomics approach was used to characterize metabolite profiles of haemolymph and gills of whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) exposed to four treatments (cellulose fiber, probiotics with Vibrio alginolyticus, a combination of cellulose fiber and V. alginolyticus and a control treatment). The cellulose fiber was administrated as a feed additive (100 mg⋅Kg-1 feed), while the probiotics was applied in the water (105 UFC⋅mL-1 culture water). The results showed significant differences in haemolymph metabolite profiles of immune stimulated treatments compared to the control and among treatments. The combination of cellulose fiber and probiotics resulted in greater differences in metabolic profiles, suggesting a better immune stimulation with this approach. The changes in haemolymph metabolome of treated shrimp reflected several biochemical pathway modifications, including changes in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, disturbances in energy metabolism and antimicrobial activity and stress responses. For gill tissues, significant differences were only found in lactic acid between the probiotic group and the control. Among the altered metabolites, the increases of itaconic acid in haemolymph, and lactic acid in both haemolymph and gill tissues of immune-stimulated suggest the potential use of these metabolites as biomarkers for health assessment in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Thao V Nguyen
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand; NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam
| | - Jenny A Rodríguez
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Bonny Bayot
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Cristóbal Domínguez-Borbor
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Stanislaus Sonnenholzner
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Awanis Azizan
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Leonie Venter
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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29
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Kim BS, Jang GI, Kim SM, Kim YS, Jeon YG, Oh YK, Hwang JY, Kwon MG. First Report of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei Infection in Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei) Cultured in Korea. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113150. [PMID: 34827883 PMCID: PMC8614486 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of cultured crustaceans has been steadily increasing, and Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) are major cultivated invertebrates worldwide. However, shrimp productivity faces a variety of challenges, mainly related to outbreaks of lethal or growth retardation-related diseases. In particular, hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis caused by the microsporidian parasite Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is an important disease associated with growth retardation in shrimp. Here, we report the detection of EHP through histopathological, molecular and electron microscopy methods in the hepatopancreas of Pacific whiteleg shrimp with growth disorder in a South Korean farm. Phylogenetic analysis showed a clade distinct from the previously reported EHP strains isolated in Thailand, India, China and Vietnam. An EHP infection was not associated with inflammatory responses such as hemocyte infiltration. Although EHP infection has been reported worldwide, this is the first report in the shrimp aquaculture in Korea. Therefore, an EHP infection should be managed and monitored regularly for effective disease control and prevention.
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30
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Wang P, Ma C, Liao L, Yu J, Yi L, Qiao Y, Liu X, Gao S, Shen H, Lu Q. Simultaneous visual diagnosis of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection in shrimp with duplex recombinase polymerase amplification. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1753-1763. [PMID: 34237791 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Shrimp is a globally popular seafood. Shrimp farming has been challenged by various infectious diseases that lead to significant economic losses. The prevention of two important shrimp infectious diseases, the acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) and the Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection, is highly dependent on early and accurate diagnostic. On-site monitoring of the two diseases in shrimp farming facilities demands point-of-care-testing (POCT) type of diagnostic assays. This study established a duplex recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) combined assay that could simultaneously diagnose the two diseases. The optimized RPA-LFD assay could finish the diagnostic in 35 min with good specificity, and the sensitivity reached 101 and 102 gene copies per reaction for EHP and AHPND, respectively, which were at the same level as the currently available molecular diagnostic assays. Test results of clinical samples showed 100% agreement of this assay with the industrial standard nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, and samples with both diseases were simultaneously identified. Because of the isothermal 37℃ amplification and the visual reading of the signal on dipsticks, the dependence on equipment is minimal. This duplex RPA-LFD assay is well suited for simultaneous POCT diagnostic of the two important shrimp infectious diseases. Moreover, the principle can be applied to multiplex POCT diagnostic of other infectious diseases in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Lei Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Junwei Yu
- Ustar Biotechnologies (Hangzhou) Ltd, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longyu Yi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Jiangsu Institute of Oceanology and Marine Fisheries, Nantong, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Oceanology and Marine Fisheries, Nantong, China
| | - Qunwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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31
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Wang T, Yang C, Zhang S, Rong L, Yang X, Wu Z, Sun W. Metabolic changes and stress damage induced by ammonia exposure in juvenile Eriocheir sinensis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112608. [PMID: 34365214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of nitrogen fertilizers in the rice-crab co-culture system may expose juvenile Eriocheir sinensis to high ammonia concentrations within a short period of time, potentially causing death. Currently, the molecular mechanism underlying ammonia toxicity in juvenile Eriocheir sinensis remains poorly understood. This study compared the effects of 24 h exposure to different total ammonia-N concentrations (0, 10.47, and 41.87 mg/L) on antioxidant enzyme activities and tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics in the hepatopancreas of juvenile Eriocheir sinensis. During the experiment, water temperature and pH were maintained at 20.4 ± 1.4 °C and 7.69 ± 0.46, respectively. Proteomic data demonstrated that Eriocheir sinensis used different metabolic regulatory mechanisms to adapt to varying ammonia conditions. The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glycogen degradation, and oxidative phosphorylation showed marginally upregulated trends under low ammonia exposure. High ammonia stress caused downregulation of the TCA cycle and provided energy by enhancing oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid beta oxidation, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen degradation. The detoxification of ammonia into urea and glutamine was suppressed under high ammonia stress. Finally, ammonia exposure induced oxidative stress and caused protein damage. Antioxidant enzyme activity analysis further revealed that exposure to high concentrations of ammonia may induce more severe oxidative stress. This study provides a global perspective on the mechanisms underlying ammonia exposure-induced metabolic changes and stress damage in juvenile Eriocheir sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Liyan Rong
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Wentao Sun
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110661, China.
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Zhai Y, Xu R, He P, Jia R. A proteomics investigation of 'immune priming' in Penaeus vannamei as shown by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 117:140-147. [PMID: 34314788 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrates are considered completely dependent on their innate immunity to defend themselves against pathogens as they lack an adaptive immunity. However, a growing body of evidence has indicated a specific acquired immunity called 'immune priming' may exist. The Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei is one of the most economically important shrimp species in the world. In the previous research, we investigated the hepatopancreas immune response of shrimp immunized with trans -vp28 gene Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 at the protein level. In this study, on the basis of the previous research, the shrimp were then challenged with WSSV, and hepatopancreas analyzed using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (i TRAQ) labeling. In total, 308 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified including 84 upregulated and 224 downregulated. Upregulated proteins such as calmodulin B and calreticulin, and downregulated proteins such as calnexin, and signaling pathways like Ras, mTOR were differentially expressed in both studies. Data from this study are more significant than previous work and indicate increased sensitivity to WSSV after immunization with trans-vp28 gene Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. In addition, selected DEPs (upregulated: A0A3R7QHH6 and downregulated: A0A3R7PEF6, A0A3R7MGX8, A0A423TPJ4, and A0A3R7QCC2) were randomly analyzed using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). These data preliminarily confirm immune priming in P. vannamei, and show that the initial stimulation with trans -vp28 gene Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 regulate P. vannamei immune responses and they provide shrimp with enhanced immune protection against secondary stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhai
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ruihang Xu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Peimin He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Rui Jia
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Yang LG, Wang Y, Wang Y, Fang WH, Feng GP, Ying N, Zhou JY, Li XC. Transcriptome analysis of pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) intestines and hepatopancreas in response to Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 186:107665. [PMID: 34520799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Penaeus vannamei is the most economically important species of shrimp cultured worldwide. Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is an emerging pathogen that severely affects the growth and development of shrimps. In this study, the transcriptome differences between EHP-infected and uninfected shrimp were investigated through next-generation sequencing. The unigenes were assembled with the reads from all the four libraries. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of intestines and hepatopancreas were analyzed. There were 2,884 DEGs in the intestines and 2,096 DEGs in the hepatopancreas. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs were significantly enriched in signaling pathways associated with nutritional energy metabolism and mobilizing autoimmunity. Moreover, the results suggested the downregulation of key genes in energy synthesis pathways contributed greatly to shrimp growth retardation; the upregulation of immune-related genes enhanced the resistance of shrimp against EHP infection. This study provided identified genes and pathways associated with EHP infection revealing the molecular mechanisms of growth retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Guo Yang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Wen-Hong Fang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Guang-Peng Feng
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Na Ying
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Jin-Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xin-Cang Li
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China.
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Yu Q, Pan H, Shao H, Qian C, Han J, Li Y, Lou Y. UPLC/MS-based untargeted metabolomics reveals the changes in muscle metabolism of electron beam irradiated Solenocera melantho during refrigerated storage. Food Chem 2021; 367:130713. [PMID: 34359006 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Shrimp meat is an extremely perishable product; however, refrigeration can slow down spoilage. In this study, we used electron beam irradiation (EBI) to pre-treat shrimp meat and analyzed the metabolites of the treated shrimp meat during refrigerated storage using metabonomic analysis methods. In total, 4865 metabolites were identified, of which, 103 differential metabolites had KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) IDs. Further, two potential biomarkers were obtained. Based on the results, l-lysine was downregulated, while 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyl ester were upregulated during the refrigerated storage. The metabolic activity began to weaken gradually after 9 days. However, the different metabolites related to EBI were not identified herein. Nonetheless, the study findings revealed the metabolic changes in Solenocera melantho at the molecular level during refrigerated storage after EBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Huijuan Pan
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Haitao Shao
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Chenru Qian
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Jiajun Han
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Sinopec Zhenhai Refining & Chemical Company, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315207, PR China
| | - Yongyong Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China.
| | - Yongjiang Lou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China.
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Zhai Y, He P, Jia R. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei after WSSV infection. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2021; 145:51-61. [PMID: 34137376 DOI: 10.3354/dao03594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most destructive virus among invertebrates. In this study, we analyzed the immune response after WSSV infection in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). We identified 325 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei. Among them, 212 were up-regulated proteins, and several of them might be related to immunity (e.g. arginine kinase and peroxiredoxin). Of the 113 down-regulated proteins, some were related to immunity (e.g. cathepsin C and cathepsin L) and others to the antioxidant defense process (e.g. glutathione peroxidase and catalase). One down-regulated DEP (C7M84_014268) and 3 up-regulated DEPs (C7M84_003456, C7M84_020702, and C7M84_007135) were randomly selected and analyzed using parallel reaction monitoring. This study is an important step for a comprehensive understanding of the immune relationship between L. vannamei and WSSV and provides valuable information for the prevention of viral diseases in the crustacean aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhai
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
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Luo J, He Q, Xu JZ, Xu C, Han YZ, Gao HL, Meng XZ, Pan GQ, Li T, Zhou ZY. Microsporidia infection upregulates host energy metabolism but maintains ATP homeostasis. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 186:107596. [PMID: 33910037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular parasites which lack mitochondria and have highly reduced genomes. Therefore, they are unable to produce ATP via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Instead, they have evolved strategies to obtain and manipulate host metabolism to acquire nutrients. However, little is known about how microsporidia modulate host energy metabolisms. Here, we present the first targeted metabolomics study to investigate changes in host energy metabolism as a result of infection by a microsporidian. Metabolites of silkworm embryo cell (BmE) were measured 48 h post infection by Nosema bombycis. Thirty metabolites were detected, nine of which were upregulated and mainly involved in glycolysis (glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate) and the TCA cycle (succinate, α-ketoglutarate, cis-aconitate, isocitrate, citrate, fumarate). Pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the upregulated metabolites could promote the synthesization of nucleotides, fatty acids, and amino acids by the host. ATP concentration in host cells, however, was not significantly changed by the infection. This ATP homeostasis was also found in Encephalitozoon hellem infected mouse macrophage RAW264.7, human monocytic leukemia THP-1, human embryonic kidney 293, and human foreskin fibroblast cells. These findings suggest that microsporidia have evolved strategies to maintain levels of ATP in the host while stimulating metabolic pathways to provide additional nutrients for the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yin-Ze Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hai-Long Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xian-Zhi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guo-Qing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ze-Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, China.
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Wang S, Pang J, Liang P. Differential Proteomics Analysis of Penaeus vannamei Muscles with Quality Characteristics by TMT Quantitative Proteomics during Low-Temperature Storage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3247-3254. [PMID: 33686858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c08110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A tandem mass tag technology, based on the quantitative proteomics strategy, was applied to investigate the relationships between proteome changes of Penaeus vannamei (PNVN) muscles and quality characteristics during low-temperature storage. 506 proteins were found as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) after 10 days of storage under treatments of refrigerated storage (5 °C), ice temperature storage (0 °C), and particle freezing storage (-3 °C) compared with a fresh group (0 day). In addition, Uniprot Knowledgebase (UniprotKB), Gene Ontology enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were reported. Correlation analysis indicated that nine DEPs were significantly related to quality characteristics-pH, color, and texture. Bioinformatics analysis showed that most of DEPs were involved in binding proteins, metabolic enzyme, and protein turnover. Besides, several DEPs could be good candidate biomarkers of muscle decline. These results could help to further comprehend the proteome changes and mechanisms of the quality decline of PNVN muscles during low-temperature storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350002, PR China
| | - Jie Pang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350002, PR China
| | - Peng Liang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350002, PR China
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38
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Ding Z. Lipid metabolism disorders contribute to the pathogenesis of Hepatospora eriocheir in the crab Eriocheir sinensis. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:305-313. [PMID: 33105037 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The microsporidia Hepatospora eriocheir has been identified as an emerging pathogenic agent in the commercial crab Eriocheir sinensis. Histology analysis indicated that hepatopancreas was a significant target for H. eriocheir infection. However, the functional consequences of such tissue tropism remain poorly studied. Considering that hepatopancreas was a centre for lipid metabolism and energy supply, we furtherly investigated the comparative lipid metabolism profiles between the control and H. eriocheir-infected hepatopancreas by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based lipidomics approach. Results confirmed that H. eriocheir induced apparent alterations of lipid metabolic phenotypes in hepatopancreas. Sixty-seven lipids, including triglyceride (TG), diglyceride (DG), sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), ceramide (CER), hexosyl ceramide (HEX CER) and (o-acyl)-1-hydroxy fatty acid (OAHFA), were significantly changed and could be determined as effective biomarkers. TG and DG accounted for the largest proportion (58.2% and 11.9%, respectively). Notably, over 94% of the distinguished lipids presented a similar modified trend with profoundly reduced contents, implying blatant energy exploitation of the parasite. These lipids were involved in pathways of energy and lipid metabolism and signal regulation. Such information suggests that H. eriocheir possibly "starves" the host via destructing hepatopancreas tissue together with appropriate host energy resources, leading to the corresponding alterations of lipid metabolism and a decrease in the colour of the hepatopancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfeng Ding
- Institute of Aquatic Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biofunctional Molecules, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, China
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39
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Ma C, Fan S, Wang Y, Yang H, Qiao Y, Jiang G, Lyu M, Dong J, Shen H, Gao S. Rapid Detection of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei Infection in Shrimp With a Real-Time Isothermal Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:631960. [PMID: 33718281 PMCID: PMC7947341 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.631960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection has become a significant threat in shrimp farming industry in recent years, causing major economic losses in Asian countries. As there are a lack of effective therapeutics, prevention of the infection with rapid and reliable pathogen detection methods is fundamental. Molecular detection methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) have been developed, but improvements on detection speed and convenience are still in demand. The isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay derived from the recombination-dependent DNA replication (RDR) mechanism of bacteriophage T4 is promising, but the previously developed RPA assay for EHP detection read the signal by gel electrophoresis, which restricted this application to laboratory conditions and hampered the sensitivity. The present study combined fluorescence analysis with the RPA system and developed a real-time RPA assay for the detection of EHP. The detection procedure was completed in 3–7 min at 39°C and showed good specificity. The sensitivity of 13 gene copies per reaction was comparable to the current PCR- and LAMP-based methods, and was much improved than the RPA assay analyzed by gel electrophoresis. For real clinical samples, detection results of the real-time RPA assay were 100% consistent with the industrial standard nested PCR assay. Because of the rapid detection speed and the simple procedure, the real-time RPA assay developed in this study can be easily assembled as an efficient and reliable on-site detection tool to help control EHP infection in shrimp farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shihui Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Jiangsu Institute of Oceanology and Marine Fisheries, Nantong, China
| | - Ge Jiang
- Jiangsu Institute of Oceanology and Marine Fisheries, Nantong, China
| | - Mingsheng Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Oceanology and Marine Fisheries, Nantong, China
| | - Song Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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Alfaro AC, Nguyen TV, Bayot B, Rodriguez Leon JA, Domínguez-Borbor C, Sonnenholzner S. Metabolic responses of whiteleg shrimp to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 180:107545. [PMID: 33571511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) have caused serious damage to penaeid shrimp aquaculture worldwide. Despite great efforts to characterize the virus, the conditions that lead to infection and the infection mechanisms, there is still a lack of understanding regarding these complex virus-host interactions, which is needed to develop consistent and effective treatment methods for WSSV. In this study, we used a gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics approach to compare the metabolite profiles of gills, haemolymph and hepatopancreas from whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) exposed to WSSV and corresponding controls. The results revealed clear discriminations between metabolite profiles of WSSV-challenged shrimp and controlled shrimp in each tissue. The responses of shrimp gills to WSSV infection were characterized by increases of many fatty acids and amino acids in WSSV-challenged shrimp compared to the controls. Changes in haemolymph metabolite profiles include the increased levels of itaconic acid, energy-related metabolites, metabolites in glutathione cycle and decrease of amino acids. The WSSV challenge led to the decreases of several fatty acids and amino acids and increases of other amino acids, lactic acid and other organic compounds (levulinic acid, malonic acid and putrescine) in hepatopancreas. These alterations of shrimp metabolites suggest several immune responses of shrimp to WSSV in a tissue-specific manner, including upregulation of osmoregulation, antimicrobial activity, metabolic rate, gluconeogenesis, glutathione pathway in control of oxidative stress and shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism in shrimp which indicates the Warburg effect. The findings from this study provide a better understanding of molecular process of shrimp response against WSSV invasion which may be useful for development of disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Thao V Nguyen
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand; NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Bonny Bayot
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Jenny A Rodriguez Leon
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Cristóbal Domínguez-Borbor
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Stanislaus Sonnenholzner
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Guo H, Chen T, Liang Z, Fan L, Shen Y, Zhou D. iTRAQ and PRM-based comparative proteomic profiling in gills of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei under copper stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128270. [PMID: 33297214 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Crustaceans are particularly sensitive to heavy metal pollution. Copper (Cu) is one of typical heavy metal pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. However, limited attention has been paid on the proteomic responses of shrimp under Cu stress. White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei held in 5‰ seawater were exposed to 5 mg L-1 Cu for 3 h, and the regulatory mechanism in the gills was elucidated using iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics. The results showed that a total of 5034 proteins were identified, 385 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), including 147 differentially up-regulated proteins (DUPs) and 238 differentially down-regulated proteins (DDPs) were found. Bioinformatics analysis indicated the DEPs responding to Cu stress mainly involved in cytoskeleton, immune response, stress response, protein synthesis, detoxification, ion homeostasis and apoptosis. Furthermore, we still performed PRM analysis on sarcoplasmic calcium binding protein (SCP), serine proteinase inhibitor B3 (SPIB3), C-type lectin 4 (CTL4), cathepsin L (CATHL), JHE-like carboxylesterase 1 (CXE1) and paramyosin (PMY), and biochemical analysis on Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) to validate the iTRAQ results, respectively. The present proteome analysis revealed that Cu stress disrupted the ion homeostasis and protein synthesis, and L.vannamei mainly regulates a series of molecular pathways which contained many key proteins involved in the immune process to protect the organism from Cu stress. Our data provides more insight about the underlying mechanisms that related to the stress response of Cu exposure in crustacean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tianci Chen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhi Liang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lanfen Fan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuchun Shen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Dayan Zhou
- Aquatic Species Introduction and Breeding Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530031, China.
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Li Q, Xu J, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Cai Y. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveals That Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate Regulates Galanthamine Biosynthesis in Lycoris longituba Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:713795. [PMID: 34659286 PMCID: PMC8514708 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.713795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Amaryllidaceae alkaloid galanthamine (Gal) in Lycoris longituba is a secondary metabolite that has been used to treat Alzheimer's disease. Plant secondary metabolism is affected by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) exposure, although the regulatory mechanisms of MeJA on L. longituba seedlings remains largely unknown. In the present study, 75, 150, and 300 μM MeJA were used as treatments on L. longituba seedlings for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, while 0 μM MeJA was used as the control (MJ-0). The effect of exogenous MeJA on Gal synthesis in L. longituba was then investigated using transcriptomic sequencing and metabolite profiling via GC-MS and LC-MS analysis. Galanthamine (Gal), lycorine (Lyc), and lycoramine (Lycm) abundances were 2. 71-, 2. 01-, and 2.85-fold higher in 75 μM MeJA (MJ-75) treatment plants compared to MJ-0 treatment plants after 7 days of cultivation. Transcriptomic analysis further showed that MJ-75 treatment significantly induced the expression of norbelladine synthase (NBS) and norbelladine 4'-O-methyltransferase (OMT), which are involved in the Gal biosynthesis pathway. In addition, increased expression was observed in MJ-75 treatment plants for genes in the JA synthesis and JA signaling pathways including those of allene oxide cyclase (AOC), 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase (OPR), jasmonic acid amino acid synthase (JAR), and transcription factor MYC. The L. longituba tyrosine decarboxylase (LlTYDC) enzyme was identified and proposed to be involved in the Gal biosynthetic pathway. Metabolomics results demonstrated that the accumulation of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, and especially alkaloids in the Gal biosynthesis pathway, could be induced by MJ-75 treatment. Interestingly, metabolites in the JA synthesis pathway were also affected by MeJA treatment. Overall, this multi-omics study suggests that both the JA synthesis/JA signaling and Gal biosynthesis pathways were affected by exogenous MeJA treatment. This comprehensive study of gene expression and metabolite contents can help us better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying MeJA-mediated Gal biosynthesis in L. longituba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhu Li
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agricultural Sci-Tech (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Junxu Xu
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Zheng
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-sen, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yongchun Zhang,
| | - Youming Cai
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Youming Cai,
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Ren X, Yu Z, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Mu C, Liu P, Li J. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic responses in the hepatopancreas of kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) under cold stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111360. [PMID: 32979723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic ecosystems, the temperature of the water is an important ecological factor that modulates aquatic organisms' metabolism, growth, development, and reproduction. In this study, the morphological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses of response of Marsupeneus japonicus to acute cold stress was investigated. The results revealed that low temperature caused profound morphological damage to the hepatopancreas. Transcriptomic responses suggested that energy and primary metabolism, cytoskeleton structure, and apoptosis signaling were altered. The metabolic responses to cold stress included changes of multiple amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic data indicated that energy metabolism pathways were downregulated in the hepatopancreas under cold stress. However, M. japonicus increased ATP and unsaturated fatty acids production to ameliorate. Moreover, cold stress caused significant attenuation of macrophage apoptosis. This study provides key information to increase our understanding of low-temperature tolerance in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyun Ren
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, PR China
| | - Yao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, PR China
| | - Yunbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Cuimin Mu
- Aquaculture Research Lab, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China.
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Alkhalil A, Ball RL, Garg G, Day A, Carney BC, Kumar R, Hammamieh R, Moffatt LT, Shupp JW. Cutaneous Thermal Injury Modulates Blood and Skin Metabolomes Differently in a Murine Model. J Burn Care Res 2020; 42:727-742. [PMID: 33301570 PMCID: PMC8335952 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As the field of metabolomics develops further, investigations of how the metabolome is affected following thermal injury may be helpful to inform diagnostics and guide treatments. In this study, changes to the metabolome were tested and validated in a murine burn injury model. After a 30% total body surface scald injury or sham procedure sera and skin biopsies were collected at 1, 2, 6, or 24 hr. Burn-specific changes in the metabolome were detected compared to sham animals. The sera metabolome exhibited a more rapid response to burn injury than that of the skin and it peaked more proximal to injury (6 vs 24 hr). Progression of metabolic response in the skin was less synchronous and showed a higher overlap of the significantly modified metabolites (SMMs) among tested time-points. Top affected pathways identified by SMMs of skin included inositol phosphate metabolism, ascorbate and alderate metabolism, caffeine metabolism, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Future research is warranted in human and larger animal models to further elucidate the role of metabolomic perturbations and the pathophysiology following burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulnaser Alkhalil
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Robert L Ball
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Gaurav Garg
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Anna Day
- The Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Bonnie C Carney
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Raina Kumar
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Maryland.,Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Center for Environmental Health, Center for Environmental Health, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Center for Environmental Health, Center for Environmental Health, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Lauren T Moffatt
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jeffrey W Shupp
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
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45
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Wang Z, Wang L, Zhou J, Zou J, Fan L. New insights into the immune regulation and tissue repair of Litopenaeus vannamei during temperature fluctuation using TMT-based proteomics. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:975-981. [PMID: 32927054 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To investigate shrimp immunoregulation and tissue self-repair mechanism during temperature fluctuation stage, Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) was treated under conditions of gradual cooling from an acclimation temperature (28 °C, C group) to 13 °C (T group) in 2 days with a cooling rate of 7.5 °C/d and then rewarmed to 28 °C (R group) with the same rate. Tandem mass tags (TMT) -based proteomics technology was used to investigate the protein abundance changes of intestine in L. vannamei during temperature fluctuation. The results showed that a total of 5796 proteins with function annotation were identified. Of which, the abundances of 1978 proteins (34%) decreased after cooling and then increased after rewarming, 1498 proteins (26%) increased during the whole stage, 1263 proteins (22%) increased after cooling and then decreased after rewarming and 1057 proteins (18%) decreased during the whole stage. Differentially expressed proteins such as C-lectin, NFκBIA and Caspase may contributed to the regulation of immunity and tissue repair of shrimp intestine during the temperature fluctuation stage. These findings contribute to the better understanding of shrimp' regulatory mechanism against adverse environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlu Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Jixing Zou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
| | - Lanfen Fan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
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46
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Wu Y, Wang T, Xin Y, Wang G, Xu LA. Overexpression of GbF3'5'H1 Provides a Potential to Improve the Content of Epicatechin and Gallocatechin. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204836. [PMID: 33092253 PMCID: PMC7594021 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba L. (ginkgo) have important medicinal uses due to their antioxidant, antitumor, and blood circulation-promoting effects. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying flavonoid biosynthesis in ginkgo remain elusive. Flavonoid 3′, 5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H) is an important enzyme in flavonoid synthesis. We detected a novel differentially expressed GbF3′5′H1 gene homologous to the F3′5′H enzyme involved in the flavonoid synthesis pathway through transcriptome sequencing. In this study, we characterized this gene, performed an expression analysis, and heterologously overexpressed GbF3′5′H1 in Populus. Our results showed that GbF3′5′H1 is abundant in the leaf and highly expressed during April. We also found four metabolites closely related to flavonoid biosynthesis. Importantly, the contents of 4′,5-dihydroxy-7-glucosyloxyflavanone, epicatechin, and gallocatechin were significantly higher in transgenic plants than in nontransgenic plants. Our findings revealed that the GbF3′5′H1 gene functions in the biosynthesis of flavonoid-related metabolites, suggesting that GbF3′5′H1 represents a prime candidate for future studies (e.g., gene-editing) aiming to optimize ginkgo flavonoid production, especially that of flavan-3-ols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (G.W.)
- Research Center for Pomology, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qian Hu Hou Cun No.1, Nanjing 210014, China
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Tongli Wang
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Yue Xin
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (G.W.)
| | - Guibin Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (G.W.)
| | - Li-An Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (G.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8542-7882
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47
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Wang L, Lv Q, He Y, Gu R, Zhou B, Chen J, Fan X, Pan G, Long M, Zhou Z. Integrated qPCR and Staining Methods for Detection and Quantification of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091366. [PMID: 32906623 PMCID: PMC7565997 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is an obligate, intracellular, spore-forming parasite, which mainly infects the gastrointestinal tract of shrimp. It significantly hinders the growth of shrimp, which causes substantial economic losses in farming. In this study, we established and optimized a SYBR Green I fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay based on the polar tube protein 2 (PTP2) gene for the quantitative analysis of EHP-infected shrimp. The result showed that the optimum annealing temperature was 60 °C for the corresponding relation between the amplification quantitative (Cq) and the logarithmic of the initial template quantity (x), conformed to Cq = −3.2751x + 31.269 with a correlation coefficient R2 = 0.993. The amplification efficiency was 102%. This qPCR method also showed high sensitivity, specificity, and repeatability. Moreover, a microscopy method was developed to observe and count EHP spores in hepatopancreas tissue of EHP-infected shrimp using Fluorescent Brightener 28 staining. By comparing the PTP2-qPCR and microscopy method, the microscopic examination was easier to operate whereas PTP2-qPCR was more sensitive for analysis. And we found that there was a correspondence between the results of these two methods. In summary, the PTP2-qPCR method integrated microscopy could serve for EHP detection during the whole period of shrimp farming and satisfy different requirements for detecting EHP in shrimp farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.W.); (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (R.G.); (B.Z.); (J.C.); (G.P.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
| | - Qing Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.W.); (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (R.G.); (B.Z.); (J.C.); (G.P.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
| | - Yantong He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.W.); (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (R.G.); (B.Z.); (J.C.); (G.P.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
| | - Ruocheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.W.); (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (R.G.); (B.Z.); (J.C.); (G.P.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
| | - Bingqian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.W.); (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (R.G.); (B.Z.); (J.C.); (G.P.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.W.); (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (R.G.); (B.Z.); (J.C.); (G.P.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
| | - Xiaodong Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.W.); (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (R.G.); (B.Z.); (J.C.); (G.P.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
| | - Mengxian Long
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.W.); (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (R.G.); (B.Z.); (J.C.); (G.P.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.W.); (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (R.G.); (B.Z.); (J.C.); (G.P.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
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48
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Tamim El Jarkass H, Reinke AW. The ins and outs of host-microsporidia interactions during invasion, proliferation and exit. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13247. [PMID: 32748538 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microsporidia are a large group of fungal-related obligate intracellular parasites. They are responsible for infections in humans as well as in agriculturally and environmentally important animals. Although microsporidia are abundant in nature, many of the molecular mechanisms employed during infection have remained enigmatic. In this review, we highlight recent work showing how microsporidia invade, proliferate and exit from host cells. During invasion, microsporidia use spore wall and polar tube proteins to interact with host receptors and adhere to the host cell surface. In turn, the host has multiple defence mechanisms to prevent and eliminate these infections. Microsporidia encode numerous transporters and steal host nutrients to facilitate proliferation within host cells. They also encode many secreted proteins which may modulate host metabolism and inhibit host cell defence mechanisms. Spores exit the host in a non-lytic manner that is dependent on host actin and endocytic recycling proteins. Together, this work provides a fuller picture of the mechanisms that these fascinating organisms use to infect their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron W Reinke
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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49
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Chaijarasphong T, Munkongwongsiri N, Stentiford GD, Aldama-Cano DJ, Thansa K, Flegel TW, Sritunyalucksana K, Itsathitphaisarn O. The shrimp microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP): Biology, pathology, diagnostics and control. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 186:107458. [PMID: 32882232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Disease is a major limiting factor in the global production of cultivated shrimp. The microsporidian parasite Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) was formally characterized in 2009 as a rare infection of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. It remained relatively unstudied until mid-2010, after which infection with EHP became increasingly common in the Pacific whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei, by then the most common shrimp species farmed in Asia. EHP infects the hepatopancreas of its host, causing hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM), a condition that has been associated with slow growth of the host in aquaculture settings. Unlike other infectious disease agents that have caused economic losses in global shrimp aquaculture, EHP has proven more challenging because too little is still known about its environmental reservoirs and modes of transmission during the industrial shrimp production process. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the EHP life cycle and the molecular strategies that it employs as an obligate intracellular parasite. It also provides an analysis of available and new methodologies for diagnosis since most of the current literature on EHP focuses on that topic. We summarize current knowledge of EHP infection and transmission dynamics and currently recommended, practical control measures that are being applied to limit its negative impact on shrimp cultivation. We also point out the major gaps in knowledge that urgently need to be bridged in order to improve control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thawatchai Chaijarasphong
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Natthinee Munkongwongsiri
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi Office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Diva J Aldama-Cano
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi Office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kwanta Thansa
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi Office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Timothy W Flegel
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park (TSP), Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kallaya Sritunyalucksana
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi Office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Ornchuma Itsathitphaisarn
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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50
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Bi J, Ning M, Xie X, Fan W, Huang Y, Gu W, Wang W, Wang L, Meng Q. A typical C-type lectin, perlucin-like protein, is involved in the innate immune defense of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:293-301. [PMID: 32442499 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectins are a large group of the pattern-recognition proteins, and have been reported to be involved in invertebrate innate immunity, such as cell adhesion, bacterial clearance, phagocytosis, prophenoloxidase activation and encapsulation. Here, a perlucin-like protein (PLP), a typical C-type lectin, was identified from the cDNA library of the shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. LvPLP contains a 540 bp open reading frame, encoding a protein of 179 amino acids that includes a single carbohydrate-recognition domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that LvPLP was clustered into a single group together with other perlucins from molluscs. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that LvPLP was expressed mainly in the hemocytes, hemolymph, heart and gills. The transcription of LvPLP was significantly induced at 9 h by both Gram- bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio anguillarum. Meanwhile, recombinant LvPLP (rLvPLP) bound directly to lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan with different affinity. rLvPLP showed a strong ability to bind to Gram+ (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram- bacteria (V. parahaemolyticus and V. anguillarum), and could induce agglutination of V. parahaemolyticus and V. anguillarum, but not S. aureus and B. subtilis in the presence Ca2+. Further study showed that when LvPLP was knocked down by RNAi, three phagocytosis-related genes (peroxinectin, mas-like protein and dynamin) and four antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes (crustin, ALF1, ALF2 and ALF3) were significantly decreased. Altogether, these results demonstrated that LvPLP played a vital role in L. vannamei immune response towards bacterial challenge by binding and agglutinating bacteria and influencing phagocytosis and AMP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiu Bi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences & College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Mingxiao Ning
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences & College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Xiaojun Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences & College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Weifeng Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences & College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yanlan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences & College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences & College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences & College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences & College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China.
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