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Castello A, Alio V, Sciortino S, Oliveri G, Cardamone C, Butera G, Costa A. Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Potentially Pathogenic Vibrio spp. in Seafood Collected in Sicily. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010053. [PMID: 36677345 PMCID: PMC9866474 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Seafood can vehiculate foodborne illnesses from water to humans. Climate changes, increasing water contamination and coastlines anthropization, favor the global spread of Vibrio spp. and the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant isolates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spread of potentially pathogenic Vibrio spp. in fishery products collected in Sicily and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Bacteriological and molecular methods were applied to 603 seafood samples to detect V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, V. vulnificus, and Vibrio alginolyticus in order to assess their pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance. About 30% of bivalves and 20% of other fishery products were contaminated by Vibrio spp.; V. parahaemolyticus accounted for 43/165 isolates, 3 of which were carrying either tdh or trh; V. cholerae accounted for 12/165 isolates, all of them non-O1 non-O139 and none carrying virulence genes; and V. vulnificus accounted for 5/165 isolates. The highest rates of resistance were observed for ampicillin, but we also detected strains resistant to antibiotics currently included among the most efficient against Vibrio spp. In spite of their current low incidence, their rise might pose further issues in treating infections; hence, these results stress the need for a continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance among fishery products and an effective risk assessment.
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Wang R, Deng Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Sun L, Deng Q, Liu Y, Gooneratne R, Li J. Modulation of Intestinal Barrier, Inflammatory Response, and Gut Microbiota by Pediococcus pentosaceus zy-B Alleviates Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in C57BL/6J Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1865-1877. [PMID: 35107008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of the intestinal barrier, inflammation, and gut microbiota by Pediococcus pentosaceus zy-B (zy-B) in Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp)-infected C57BL/6J mice was studied. Mice intragastrically pretreated with 108 colony-forming units (CFU) zy-B significantly alleviated Vp infection as evidenced by maintaining body weight and reduced disease activity index score and intestine ratio. In addition, zy-B reduced the Vp load in the ileum and cecum, significantly reduced the load in the colon, prevented colonic atrophy, and strengthened mucosal integrity. Mechanistically, zy-B ameliorated intestinal barrier dysfunction by upregulating tight junction protein expression, which in turn reduced the lipopolysaccharide, d-lactic acid (d-LA), and diamine oxidase concentrations and downregulated the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and CB2 mRNA expressions. Moreover, zy-B systemically reduced inflammation by decreasing interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α levels, and increased interleukin-10 (IL-10), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in the colon and serum. Furthermore, zy-B markedly altered the gut microbiota composition by enriching Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, and Lactobacillus in the colon. Overall, zy-B appears to act as a probiotic to alleviate Vp infection by protecting the intestinal barrier, reducing inflammation, and promoting the growth of "beneficial" gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundong Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Yijia Deng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuepeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Qi Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury 7647, New Zealand
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
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Wang R, Hu X, Deng Y, Gooneratne R. Effect of Food Matrix Type on Growth Characteristics of and Hemolysin Production by Vibrio alginolyticus. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1411-1420. [PMID: 33836066 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The growth of and hemolysin production by two V. alginolyticus strains (HY9901 and ATCC 17749T) at 30°C were investigated in briny tilapia, shrimp, scallop, oyster, pork, chicken, freshwater fish, and egg fried rice. Bacteria were enumerated by plate counting. Hemolysin production was evaluated with blood agar and hemolytic titer tests. The two V. alginolyticus strains had similar growth and hemolysin production patterns in all tested foods. Based on the goodness-of-fit primary model statistics (coefficient of determination, mean square error, bias factor, and accuracy factor), the modified Gompertz model was a better fit than the logistic model to V. alginolyticus growth in foods. Growth kinetic parameters of V. alginolyticus had a higher μmax and shorter λ in the following order: briny tilapia > shrimp > freshwater fish > egg fried rice > scallop > oyster > chicken > pork. V. alginolyticus levels were similar at the stationary phase, with no significant growth difference between raw and cooked foods. Significantly higher thermostable direct hemolysin activity (P < 0.05) was found for V. alginolyticus in the following order: briny tilapia > freshwater fish > shrimp > chicken > egg fried rice > scallop > oyster > pork. However, the hemolytic titer was not consistent with the thermostable direct hemolysin activity and was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the following order: briny tilapia > egg fried rice > shrimp > freshwater fish > chicken > scallop > oyster > pork. Contrary to current belief, V. alginolyticus produced more hemolysin in some nonseafoods (freshwater fish, egg fried rice, and chicken) than in scallops or oysters. This report is the first on the growth and toxicity of V. alginolyticus in different food matrices and confirms that some nonseafoods can be contaminated with pathogenic V. alginolyticus. These results should increase awareness of nonseafood safety issues and improve the accuracy of V. alginolyticus risk assessments. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijia Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand
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Santos LDO, de Lanna CA, Arcanjo ACDC, Bisch PM, von Krüger WMA. Genotypic Diversity and Pathogenic Potential of Clinical and Environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates From Brazil. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:602653. [PMID: 33776949 PMCID: PMC7994283 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.602653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains recovered from human diarrheal stools (one in 1975 and two in 2001) and environmental sources (four, between 2008 and 2010) were investigated for the presence of virulence genes (trh, tdh, and vpadF), pandemic markers (orf8, toxRSnew), and with respect to their pathogenic potential in two systemic infection models. Based only on the presence or absence of these genetic markers, they were classified as follows: the environmental strains were non-pathogenic, whereas among the clinical strains, the one isolated in 1975 was pathogenic (non-pandemic), and the other two were pathogenic (pandemic). The pathogenic potential of the strains was evaluated in mice and Galleria mellonella larvae infection models, and except for the clinical (pathogenic, non-pandemic) isolate, the others produced lethal infection in both organisms, regardless of their source, serotype, and genotype (tdh, orf8, toxRSnew, and vpadF). Based on mice and larval mortality rates, the strains were then grouped according to virulence (high, intermediate, and avirulent), and remarkably similar results were obtained by using these models: The clinical strain (pathogenic and non-pandemic) was classified as avirulent, and other strains (four non-pathogenic and two pandemic) were considered of high or intermediate virulence. In summary, these findings demonstrate that G. mellonella larvae can indeed be used as an alternative model to study the pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus. Moreover, they raise doubts about the use of traditional virulence markers to predict pathogenesis of the species and show that reliable models are indispensable to determine the pathogenic potential of environmental isolates considered non-pathogenic, based on the absence of the long-standing virulence indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro de O Santos
- Laboratório de Física Biológica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristóvão A de Lanna
- Laboratório de Física Biológica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina da C Arcanjo
- Laboratório de Física Biológica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo M Bisch
- Laboratório de Física Biológica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wanda M A von Krüger
- Laboratório de Física Biológica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Yonekita T, Morishita N, Arakawa E, Matsumoto T. Development of a monoclonal antibody for specific detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and analysis of its antigen. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 173:105919. [PMID: 32289368 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen worldwide. Contamination of V. parahaemolyticus in foods must be detected as quickly as possible because raw seafood, a major source of V. parahaemolyticus infection, is shipped immediately after production due to its short expiration date. In this study, we generated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against V. parahaemolyticus to develop a rapid and specific detection assay. Obtained mAbs were categorized into four groups according to their specificity. Of the groups, Group 1 (mAb VP7, VP11, and VP24) reacted to O1-O12 of V. parahaemolyticus without cross-reaction with human pathogenic Vibrio spp. (V. alginolyticus, V. cholerae, V. fluvialis, V. furnissii, V. mimicus, and V. vulnificus). We developed an immunochromatographic (IC) strip for the rapid detection of V. parahaemolyticus in the field using VP7 as a membrane-immobilized antibody and VP24 as a colloidal gold-conjugated antibody. The IC strip detected any and all serogroups (O1 to O12) or isolates (clinical, food, and environmental strains) of V. parahaemolyticus, regardless of the presence of virulence factors thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) or TDH-related hemolysin (TRH). It did not cross-react with any other non-V. parahaemolyticus strains tested. To elucidate the target of the IC strip, we analyzed the antigen recognized by these mAbs. Group 1 mAbs showed two specific bands at molecular masses of approximately 11 and 16 kDa by western blotting analysis. Nano liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS analysis revealed that the candidate antigen recognized by these mAbs was outer membrane (OM) lipoprotein Q87G48. We verified that mAb VP7 detected His-tagged OM lipoprotein synthesized by reconstituted cell-free protein synthesis reagent. Reactivity to an N-terminus deletion form and protease digestion form of the OM lipoprotein showed that the extent of epitope recognized by VP mAbs was 22nd-41st amino acids (AAs) from N-terminus of the OM lipoprotein, with the sequence "22SDDAATANAAKLDEL36." This region was also confirmed to be a V. parahaemolyticus-specific sequence by comparing putative orthologs of OM lipoprotein among Vibrio spp. The C-terminus deletion form (1st-39th AAs) including the sequence primarily recognized by VP mAbs (22nd-36th AAs) showed poor reactivity, indicating that the sequence after 40 residues of OM lipoprotein is also important for recognition by VP mAbs and VP mAbs recognize a conformational epitope. Bioinformatics research demonstrated that the OM lipoprotein is an ortholog of the lpp protein conserved throughout many bacteria. Lpp is an abundant and constitutively expressed protein and exists on the bacterial surface, suggesting it may be a good target for detection of V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Yonekita
- R&D Center, NH Foods Ltd, 3-3 Midorigahara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2646, Japan.
| | - Naoki Morishita
- R&D Center, NH Foods Ltd, 3-3 Midorigahara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2646, Japan
| | - Eiji Arakawa
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- R&D Center, NH Foods Ltd, 3-3 Midorigahara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2646, Japan
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Wang R, Deng Y, Deng Q, Sun D, Fang Z, Sun L, Wang Y, Gooneratne R. Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in Mice Reduces Protective Gut Microbiota, Augmenting Disease Pathways. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:73. [PMID: 32082289 PMCID: PMC7002474 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp), a major food-borne pathogen, is responsible for severe infections such as gastroenteritis and septicemia, which may be accompanied by life-threatening complications. While studies have evaluated factors that affect the virulence of the pathogen, none have investigated the interaction of Vp with gut microbiota. To address this knowledge gap, we compared the effect of Vp on gut bacterial community structure, immunity, liver and kidney function, in pseudo germ-free (PGF) mice and normal (control) mice. Significant damage to the ileum was observed in normal mice compared with the PGF mice. The inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in normal mice were ∼2.5-fold higher than in the PGF mice, and liver (ALT, AST, ALP) and kidney (BUN) function indices were ∼1.6-fold higher. The Vp infection substantially reduced species composition and richness of the gut microbial communities. In particular, there was a shift in keystone taxa, from protective species of genera Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia in the gut of control mice to opportunistic pathogens Enterobacteriaceae, Proteus, Prevotella, and Sutterella in Vp-infected mice, thus affecting microbiota-related biological functions in the mice. Specifically, pathways involved in infectious diseases and ion channels were significantly augmented in infected mice, while the pathways involved in metabolism, digestion and cell growth declined. We propose that the normal mice are more prone to Vp infection because of the alteration in gut-microbe-mediated functions. All these effects reduce intestinal resistance, with marked damage to the gut lining and pathogen leakage into the blood culminating in liver and kidney damage. These findings greatly advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying interactions between Vp, the gut microbiota and the infected host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yijia Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qi Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Dongfang Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhijia Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
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Lee LH, Ab Mutalib NS, Law JWF, Wong SH, Letchumanan V. Discovery on Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Selangor Reveals Carbapenemase Producing Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Marine and Freshwater Fish. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2513. [PMID: 30410472 PMCID: PMC6209626 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a Gram-negative halophilic bacterium is often associated with fish and fishery products, thus causing gastroenteritis in humans upon ingestion of contaminated food. V. parahaemolyticus has become a globally well-known pathogen with yearly reported cases in many countries. This study aimed to discover the antibiotic resistance patterns of V. parahaemolyticus as well as detect Carbapenem resistant isolates from marine and freshwater fish in Selangor. A total of 240 freshwater and marine fish samples collected from wet market and supermarket in Selangor were tested for the presence of V. parahaemolyticus. All the fish samples were determined positive for V. parahaemolyticus using conventional microbiological culture-based method. The toxR gene were detected via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 165/240 (69%) isolates. The two-virulence factor of V. parahaemolyticus, thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and TDH-related hemolysin (trh) was screened via PCR. As such, four isolates were trh+and none were tdh+. Majority of the isolates presented high resistance to ampicillin (88%), amikacin (64%), and kanamycin (50%). In addition, this study identified 19-imipenem resistant isolates isolated from freshwater and marine fish samples. Further analysis of these 19-imipenem resistant isolates revealed that the resistance toward imipenem was plasmid mediated after plasmid curing assay. The multiple antibiotics resistance index was >0.2 for 70% of the isolates. In summary, the results confirm the presence of V. parahaemolyticus in freshwater and marine fish samples in Selangor, Malaysia. To our best knowledge, this is the first report discovering the antibiotic resistant patterns and Carbapenem-resistant isolates of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from marine and freshwater fish samples in Selangor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Centre, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Jodi Woan-Fei Law
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Vengadesh Letchumanan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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Wang R, Sun L, Wang Y, Deng Y, Fang Z, Liu Y, Deng Q, Sun D, Gooneratne R. Influence of food matrix type on extracellular products of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:65. [PMID: 29976139 PMCID: PMC6034228 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (ATCC 17802 and 33847) in shrimp, oyster, freshwater fish, pork, chicken and egg fried rice were evaluated for production of hemolysin and exoenzymes of potential importance to the pathogenicity of this bacterium. RESULTS The two strains of V. parahaemolyticus produced hemolysin, gelatinase, caseinase, phospholipase, urease, DNase and amylase in selected food matrices. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) hemolytic activity was produced by V. parahaemolyticus in egg fried rice > shrimp > freshwater fish > chicken > oyster > pork. But the exoenzyme activities were not consistent with the hemolytic activity profile, being significantly higher (p < 0.05) in shrimp > freshwater fish > chicken > oyster > pork > egg fried rice. Filtrates of V. parahaemolyticus from shrimp, freshwater fish and chicken given intraperitoneally to adult mice induced marked liver and kidney damage and were highly lethal compared with the filtrates of V. parahaemolyticus from oyster > egg fried rice > pork. CONCLUSION From in vitro and in vivo tests, it appears that the food matrix type has a significant impact on the activity of extracellular products and the pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus. From a food safety aspect, it is important to determine which food matrices can stimulate V. parahaemolyticus to produce additional extracellular factors. This is the first report of non-seafood including freshwater fish and chicken contaminated with V. parahaemolyticus to have been shown to be toxic to mice in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Yijia Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhijia Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Qi Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Dongfang Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Centre for Food Research and Innovation, Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury, 7647, New Zealand
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Identification of VPA1327 (vopT) as a Novel Genetic Marker for Detecting Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.2.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Silva IP, Carneiro CDS, Saraiva MAF, Oliveira TASD, Sousa OVD, Evangelista-Barreto NS. Antimicrobial resistance and potential virulence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from water and bivalve mollusks from Bahia, Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 131:757-762. [PMID: 29887003 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to verify the antimicrobial susceptibility profile and virulence factors of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from water and bivalve mollusks. A high percentage of V. parahaemolyticus was isolated in natura, processed bivalves tissues, and surrounding water (75%, 20%, and 59%, respectively). The most potential virulence phenotype in V. parahaemolyticus isolates was amylase production (97%) followed by DNase (83%), phospholipase (70%), β-hemolytic activity (57%). The tdh and trh genes were not detected. Besides, a high antimicrobial resistance was observed for ampicillin (97%), minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 400 μg and cephalothin (93%, MIC ≤ 100 μg). The absence of expression of tdh and trh virulence genes excluded the toxigenic potential of V. parahaemolyticus isolates; however, the high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among the environmental strains is a risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irana Paim Silva
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, 710, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
| | - Camila de Souza Carneiro
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, 710, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
| | - Margarete Alice Fontes Saraiva
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, 710, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
| | - Thiago Alves Santos de Oliveira
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, 710, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
| | - Oscarina Viana de Sousa
- Marine Science Institute - Federal University of Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Norma Suely Evangelista-Barreto
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, 710, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil.
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11
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Jiang M, Zhang J, Li Y, Shi X, Qiu Y, Lin Y, Chen Q, Jiang Y, Hu Q. Feasibility of Using Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis for Epidemiology Study of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infections. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:575-581. [PMID: 27454001 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes foodborne gastroenteritis, which is often associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked shellfish. Molecular typing can provide critical information for detecting outbreaks and for source attribution. In this study, we describe the development and evaluation of an optimized multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) for the characterization of V. parahaemolyticus isolates. The discriminatory power of MLVA was compared to that of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) by typing 73 sporadic isolates. Epidemiologic concordance was evaluated by typing 23 isolates from five epidemiologically well-characterized outbreaks. The optimized MLVA was applied in early warning, epidemiological surveillance, and source tracking for V. parahaemolyticus infections. There was no significant difference in the discriminatory power of PFGE and MLVA with six or eight VNTR loci for the sporadic isolates. All isolates within an outbreak were indistinguishable by MLVA with six loci, except for one outbreak. Typically, the epidemiological survey could be initiated according to PFGE clusters. We applied MLVA with six loci on 22 isolates in two PFGE clusters. Isolates in one PFGE cluster were distinguished by MLVA. Although a follow-up investigation showed that both clusters had no epidemiological concordance, MLVA decreased the frequency of initiation of epidemiological surveys, thereby reducing labor costs. The ability of MLVA to trace the source of infection was evaluated by isolates from two outbreaks and shrimp samples. The isolates from one of outbreaks and a shrimp had the same MLVA type, suggesting that an epidemiological survey was initiated. Data from the epidemiological investigation subsequently indicated that contaminated shrimp from a nearby city (Dongguan) might be the source of the outbreak. In conclusion, these results indicate that the optimized MLVA may be a promising tool for early warning and epidemiological surveillance of V. parahaemolyticus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- 1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- 2 Futian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- 1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaolu Shi
- 1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaqun Qiu
- 1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiman Lin
- 1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiongcheng Chen
- 1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, China
| | - Yixiang Jiang
- 1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- 1 Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, China
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Serogroup, virulence, and molecular traits of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from clinical and cockle sources in northeastern Thailand. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 39:212-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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13
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Zhang Q, Dong X, Chen B, Zhang Y, Zu Y, Li W. Zebrafish as a useful model for zoonotic Vibrio parahaemolyticus pathogenicity in fish and human. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:159-168. [PMID: 26519599 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important aquatic zoonotic pathogen worldwide that causes vibriosis in many marine fish, and sepsis, gastroenteritis and wound infection in humans. However, the pathogenesis of different sources of V. parahaemolyticus is not fully understood. Here, we examined the pathogenicity and histopathology of fish (V. parahaemolyticus 1.2164) and human (V. parahaemolyticus 17) strains in a zebrafish (Danio rerio). We found that different infection routes resulted in different mortality in zebrafish. Moreover, death due to V. parahaemolyticus 1.2164 infection occurred quicker than that caused by V. parahaemolyticus 17 infection. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of liver, kidney and intestine sections showed histological lesions in all three organs after infection with either strain. V. parahaemolyticus 1.2164 caused more severe damage than V. parahaemolyticus 17. In particular, V. parahaemolyticus 1.2164 treatment induced more serious hydropic degeneration and venous sinus necrosis in the liver than V. parahaemolyticus 17 treatment. The expression levels of three proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1β (il1β), interferon phi 1 (ifnϕ1) and tumor necrosis factor α (tnfα), as determined by quantitative real-time PCR, were upregulated in all examined tissues of infected fish. Notably, the peak levels of tnfα were significantly higher than those of il1β and ifnϕ1, suggesting, together with pathological results, that tnfα and il1β play an important role in acute sepsis. High amounts of tnfα may be related to acute liver necrosis, while ifnϕ1 may respond to V. parahaemolyticus and play an antibacterial role for chronically infected adult zebrafish. Taken together, our results suggest that the zebrafish model of V. parahaemolyticus infection is useful for studying strain differences in V. parahaemolyticus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xuehong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Biao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yonghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yao Zu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Mizan MFR, Jahid IK, Kim M, Lee KH, Kim TJ, Ha SD. Variability in biofilm formation correlates with hydrophobicity and quorum sensing among Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from food contact surfaces and the distribution of the genes involved in biofilm formation. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:497-509. [PMID: 26980068 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1149571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the leading foodborne pathogens causing seafood contamination. Here, 22 V. parahaemolyticus strains were analyzed for biofilm formation to determine whether there is a correlation between biofilm formation and quorum sensing (QS), swimming motility, or hydrophobicity. The results indicate that the biofilm formation ability of V. parahaemolyticus is positively correlated with cell surface hydrophobicity, autoinducer (AI-2) production, and protease activity. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed that strong-biofilm-forming strains established thick 3-D structures, whereas poor-biofilm-forming strains produced thin inconsistent biofilms. In addition, the distribution of the genes encoding pandemic clone factors, type VI secretion systems (T6SS), biofilm functions, and the type I pilus in the V. parahaemolyticus seafood isolates were examined. Biofilm-associated genes were present in almost all the strains, irrespective of other phenotypes. These results indicate that biofilm formation on/in seafood may constitute a major factor in the dissemination of V. parahaemolyticus and the ensuing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iqbal Kabir Jahid
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Chung-Ang University , Anseong , South Korea
- b Department of Microbiology , Jessore University Science and Technology , Jessore , Bangladesh
| | - Minhui Kim
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Chung-Ang University , Anseong , South Korea
| | - Ki-Hoon Lee
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Chung-Ang University , Anseong , South Korea
| | - Tae Jo Kim
- c Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion , Mississippi State University , Mississippi , USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Chung-Ang University , Anseong , South Korea
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15
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Kang CH, Shin Y, Kim W, Kim Y, Song K, Oh EG, Kim S, Yu H, So JS. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from oysters in Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:918-926. [PMID: 26511256 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the most prevalent gastroenteritis-causing pathogen in Korea and in some other Asian countries. It is frequently found in oysters and other seafood. This study monitored changes in the prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus and environmental parameters in oyster aquaculture environments in Korea. From June to October 2014, we tested oysters (Crassostrea gigas) from shellfish-harvesting areas off the west coast of Korea. These 71 isolates were the sum of 16 (22.5%), 19 (26.8%), 23 (32.4%), and 13 (18.3%) isolates collected in July, August, September, and October, respectively. These 71 isolates had the following profiles of resistance against 16 antibiotics: all isolates were resistant to ampicillin and vancomycin, and 52.2, 50.7, and 50.7% of isolates exhibited resistance to cephalothin, rifampin, and streptomycin, respectively. PCR analysis for the presence of the species-specific toxR gene confirmed that 38 (53.5%) of the total 71 isolated strains were positive for V. parahaemolyticus. In PCR analysis for virulence of V. parahaemolyticus, of the 71 isolates tested in the present study, only 38 (53.5%) were positive for the trh virulence gene and 71 (100%) was negative for the tdh virulence gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ho Kang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| | - YuJin Shin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| | - WooRi Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| | - YongGyeong Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| | - KiCheol Song
- West sea Fisheries Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), Incheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Gyoung Oh
- Aquaculture Industry Division, SSFRI, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), Yeosu, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - SuKyung Kim
- West sea Fisheries Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), Incheon, Korea
| | - HongSik Yu
- West sea Fisheries Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), Incheon, Korea
| | - Jae-Seong So
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Korea.
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16
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Zhang X, Li K, Wu S, Shuai J, Fang W. Peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in-situ hybridization for identification of Vibrio spp. in aquatic products and environments. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 206:39-44. [PMID: 25955286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) method was developed for specific detection of the Vibrio genus. In silico analysis by BLAST and ProbeCheck showed that the designed PNA probe targeting the 16S rRNAs was suitable for specific identification of Vibrio. Specificity and sensitivity of the probe Vib-16S-1 were experimentally verified by its reactivity against 18 strains of 9 Vibrio species and 14 non-Vibrio strains of 14 representative species. The PNA-FISH assay was able to identify 47 Vibrio positive samples from selectively enriched cultures of 510 samples of aquatic products and environments, comparable with the results obtained by biochemical identification and real-time PCR. We conclude that PNA-FISH can be an alternative method for rapid identification of Vibrio species in a broad spectrum of seafood or related samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, 126 Fuchun Road, Hangzhou 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, 126 Fuchun Road, Hangzhou 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Wu
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, 126 Fuchun Road, Hangzhou 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangbing Shuai
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, 126 Fuchun Road, Hangzhou 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Letchumanan V, Chan KG, Lee LH. Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a review on the pathogenesis, prevalence, and advance molecular identification techniques. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:705. [PMID: 25566219 PMCID: PMC4263241 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative halophilic bacterium that is found in estuarine, marine and coastal environments. V. parahaemolyticus is the leading causal agent of human acute gastroenteritis following the consumption of raw, undercooked, or mishandled marine products. In rare cases, V. parahaemolyticus causes wound infection, ear infection or septicaemia in individuals with pre-existing medical conditions. V. parahaemolyticus has two hemolysins virulence factors that are thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh)-a pore-forming protein that contributes to the invasiveness of the bacterium in humans, and TDH-related hemolysin (trh), which plays a similar role as tdh in the disease pathogenesis. In addition, the bacterium is also encodes for adhesions and type III secretion systems (T3SS1 and T3SS2) to ensure its survival in the environment. This review aims at discussing the V. parahaemolyticus growth and characteristics, pathogenesis, prevalence and advances in molecular identification techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vengadesh Letchumanan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Bandar Sunway, Malaysia ; Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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18
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Sun H, Li Y, Shi X, Lin Y, Qiu Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Jiang M, Zhang Z, Chen Q, Sun Q, Hu Q. Association of CRISPR/Cas evolution with Vibrio parahaemolyticus virulence factors and genotypes. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 12:68-73. [PMID: 25455966 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), which is considered to be an immune system for bacteria, has been widely used as a tool for genome editing and genotyping. It has also been reported to be associated with virulence factors in some bacteria. To understand the role of CRISPR in the virulence and evolution of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 154 V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from clinical samples and 54 strains from food samples taken in Shenzhen, China were subjected to a correlation analysis of CRISPR and virulence factors TDH and TRH. We also performed multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for genotype analysis. Six different CRISPR sequence types (CSTs) of V. parahaemolyticus were identified, and CSTs were found to be significantly associated with the virulence factors tested and MLST genotype. Therefore, CSTs provide insight into the evolution of V. parahaemolyticus. Moreover, identification of CSTs may lend insight into the virulence potential of strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghu Sun
- 1 Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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19
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Jiang W, Han X, Wang Q, Li X, Yi L, Liu Y, Ding C. Vibrio parahaemolyticus enolase is an adhesion-related factor that binds plasminogen and functions as a protective antigen. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:4937-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Ma C, Deng X, Ke C, He D, Liang Z, Li W, Ke B, Li B, Zhang Y, Ng L, Cui Z. Epidemiology and etiology characteristics of foodborne outbreaks caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus during 2008-2010 in Guangdong province, China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 11:21-9. [PMID: 24138080 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection has been considered the leading cause of bacterial illnesses mainly associated with seafood consumption in Guangdong province in China. In this study, epidemiological and etiological characteristics of 36 V. parahaemolyticus outbreaks that occurred from 2008 to 2010 in Guangdong province were analyzed; 284 strains involved were characterized by serotyping; virulence genes and 66 strains from four outbreaks therein were subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Epidemiological evidence showed that 36% (13/36) of outbreaks were caused by food contamination, of which 84.6 % (11/13) were related to salted food, including viscera of pigs and cattle, meat, and vegetable salad. It was also indicated that 88.9% (32/36) of V. parahaemolyticus outbreaks appeared from June to September, 44.4% (16/36) of which occurred in canteens as well as 41.7% (15/36) in restaurants. As for the etiology, 31% (11/36) of outbreaks were caused by single serovar of strains, while 69% (25/36) were caused by multiserovars; O3:K6, O4:K8, O1:Kut, and O2:K3 were the dominant serovars. Among the 284 strains, 98.8% (254/257) of strains from patients were tdh-present and trh-absent, whereas 37.0% (10/27) from food were tdh-present. Cluster analysis of PFGE patterns demonstrated that strains in the same outbreak with identical serovar seemed to be diversified, whereas strains with various serovars could be closely related genetically. Moreover, cross-contamination between salted food and seafood was first confirmed by molecular subtyping in Guangdong, revealing that salted food might be a vital risk factor associated with V. parahaemolyticus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ma
- 1 Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province , Guangzhou, China
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21
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Liu M, Yan M, Liu L, Chen S. Characterization of a novel zinc transporter ZnuA acquired by Vibrio parahaemolyticus through horizontal gene transfer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:61. [PMID: 24133656 PMCID: PMC3794297 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a clinically important foodborne pathogen that causes acute gastroenteritis worldwide. It has been shown that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) contributes significantly to virulence development of V. parahaemolyticus. In this study, we identified a novel znuA homolog (vpa1307) that belongs to a novel subfamily of ZnuA, a bacterial zinc transporter. The vpa1307 gene is located upstream of the V. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity island (Vp-PAIs) in both tdh-positive and trh-positive V. parahaemolyticus strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the exogenous origin of vpa1307 with 40% of V. parahaemolyticus clinical isolates possessing this gene. The expression of vpa1307 gene in V. parahaemolyticus clinical strain VP3218 is induced under zinc limitation condition. Gene deletion and complementation assays confirmed that vpa1307 contributes to the growth of VP3218 under zinc depletion condition and that conserved histidine residues of Vpa1307 contribute to its activity. Importantly, vpa1307 contributes to the cytotoxicity of VP3218 in HeLa cells and a certain degree of virulence in murine model. These results suggest that the horizontally acquired znuA subfamily gene, vpa1307, contributes to the fitness and virulence of Vibrio species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China ; Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shen Zhen Research Institute Shenzhen, China
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22
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Molecular characterization of clinical and environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates in Taiwan. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 165:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Prompamorn P, Longyant S, Pengsuk C, Sithigorngul P, Chaivisuthangkura P. Rapid identification and differentiation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Vibrio spp. in seafood samples using developed monoclonal antibodies. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 29:721-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Zhu RG, Li TP, Jia YF, Song LF. Quantitative study of viable Vibrio parahaemolyticus cells in raw seafood using propidium monoazide in combination with quantitative PCR. J Microbiol Methods 2012; 90:262-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Putative type VI secretion systems of Vibrio parahaemolyticus contribute to adhesion to cultured cell monolayers. Arch Microbiol 2012; 194:827-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-012-0816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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The Vibrio parahaemolyticus ToxRS regulator is required for stress tolerance and colonization in a novel orogastric streptomycin-induced adult murine model. Infect Immun 2012; 80:1834-45. [PMID: 22392925 DOI: 10.1128/iai.06284-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a marine bacterium, is the causative agent of gastroenteritis associated with the consumption of seafood. It contains a homologue of the toxRS operon that in V. cholerae is the key regulator of virulence gene expression. We examined a nonpolar mutation in toxRS to determine the role of these genes in V. parahaemolyticus RIMD2210633, an O3:K6 isolate, and showed that compared to the wild type, ΔtoxRS was significantly more sensitive to acid, bile salts, and sodium dodecyl sulfate stresses. We demonstrated that ToxRS is a positive regulator of ompU expression, and that the complementation of ΔtoxRS with ompU restores stress tolerance. Furthermore, we showed that ToxRS also regulates type III secretion system genes in chromosome I via the regulation of the leuO homologue VP0350. We examined the effect of ΔtoxRS in vivo using a new orogastric adult murine model of colonization. We demonstrated that streptomycin-treated adult C57BL/6 mice experienced prolonged intestinal colonization along the entire intestinal tract by the streptomycin-resistant V. parahaemolyticus. In contrast, no colonization occurred in non-streptomycin-treated mice. A competition assay between the ΔtoxRS and wild-type V. parahaemolyticus strains marked with the β-galactosidase gene lacZ demonstrated that the ΔtoxRS strain was defective in colonization compared to the wild-type strain. This defect was rescued by ectopically expressing ompU. Thus, the defect in stress tolerance and colonization in ΔtoxRS is solely due to OmpU. To our knowledge, the orogastric adult murine model reported here is the first showing sustained intestinal colonization by V. parahaemolyticus.
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Jun JW, Kim JH, Choresca CH, Shin SP, Han JE, Han SY, Chai JY, Park SC. Isolation, Molecular Characterization, and Antibiotic Susceptibility ofVibrio parahaemolyticusin Korean Seafood. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:224-31. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Jun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Casiano H. Choresca
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Phil Shin
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Eun Han
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Han
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Chai
- Department of Rheumatology, Bundang Jesaeng Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Fernandez-Piquer J, Bowman JP, Ross T, Tamplin ML. Predictive models for the effect of storage temperature on Vibrio parahaemolyticus viability and counts of total viable bacteria in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:8687-95. [PMID: 22003032 PMCID: PMC3233097 DOI: 10.1128/aem.05568-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an indigenous bacterium of marine environments. It accumulates in oysters and may reach levels that cause human illness when postharvest temperatures are not properly controlled and oysters are consumed raw or undercooked. Predictive models were produced by injecting Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) with a cocktail of V. parahaemolyticus strains, measuring viability rates at storage temperatures from 3.6 to 30.4°C, and fitting the data to a model to obtain parameter estimates. The models were evaluated with Pacific and Sydney Rock oysters (Saccostrea glomerata) containing natural populations of V. parahaemolyticus. V. parahaemolyticus viability was measured by direct plating samples on thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar for injected oysters and by most probable number (MPN)-PCR for oysters containing natural populations. In parallel, total viable bacterial counts (TVC) were measured by direct plating on marine agar. Growth/inactivation rates for V. parahaemolyticus were -0.006, -0.004, -0.005, -0.003, 0.030, 0.075, 0.095, and 0.282 log₁₀ CFU/h at 3.6, 6.2, 9.6, 12.6, 18.4, 20.0, 25.7, and 30.4°C, respectively. The growth rates for TVC were 0.015, 0.023, 0.016, 0.048, 0.055, 0.071, 0.133, and 0.135 log₁₀ CFU/h at 3.6, 6.2, 9.3, 14.9, 18.4, 20.0, 25.7, and 30.4°C, respectively. Square root and Arrhenius-type secondary models were generated for V. parahaemolyticus growth and inactivation kinetic data, respectively. A square root model was produced for TVC growth. Evaluation studies showed that predictive growth for V. parahaemolyticus and TVC were "fail safe." The models can assist oyster companies and regulators in implementing management strategies to minimize V. parahaemolyticus risk and enhancing product quality in supply chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Fernandez-Piquer
- Australian Seafood Cooperative Research Centre, Box 26, Mark Oliphant Building, Science Park Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, and Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - John P. Bowman
- Australian Seafood Cooperative Research Centre, Box 26, Mark Oliphant Building, Science Park Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, and Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tom Ross
- Australian Seafood Cooperative Research Centre, Box 26, Mark Oliphant Building, Science Park Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, and Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Mark L. Tamplin
- Australian Seafood Cooperative Research Centre, Box 26, Mark Oliphant Building, Science Park Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, and Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Hongping W, Jilun Z, Ting J, Yixi B, Xiaoming Z. Insufficiency of the Kanagawa hemolytic test for detecting pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Shanghai, China. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 69:7-11. [PMID: 21146708 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 08/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the Kanagawa hemolytic test and tdh gene test for accuracy in identifying pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates in Shanghai. One hundred and seventy-two V. parahaemolyticus isolates were collected from diarrhea patients, freshly harvested sea fish, or fresh water samples. Statistical data for the Kanagawa hemolytic test and tdh gene test were compared. There were 83.51% isolates (81/97) from patients and 22.22% isolates (10/45) from sea-fish positive for the tdh gene. However, none of 30 isolates from fresh water samples were tdh-positive. Positive Kanagawa hemolytic tests were obtained in 88.66%, 46.67%, and 76.67% of isolates, which were from patients, sea fish, and fresh water samples, respectively. Positive rates of the Kanagawa hemolytic tests and the tdh gene tests were significantly different in isolates from those 3 sources (P < 0.001). The tdh gene test showed higher specificity than the Kanagawa hemolytic test on identifying pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus isolates in Shanghai, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Hongping
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University affiliated, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Development of two animal models to study the function of Vibrio parahaemolyticus type III secretion systems. Infect Immun 2010; 78:4551-9. [PMID: 20823199 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00461-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an emerging food- and waterborne pathogen that encodes two type III secretion systems (T3SSs). Previous studies have linked type III secretion system 1 (T3SS1) to cytotoxicity and T3SS2 to intestinal fluid accumulation, but animal challenge models needed to study these phenomena are limited. In this study we evaluated the roles of the T3SSs during infection using two novel animal models: a model in which piglets were inoculated orogastrically and a model in which mice were inoculated in their lungs (intrapulmonarily). The bacterial strains employed in this study had equivalent growth rates and beta-hemolytic activity based on in vitro assays. Inoculation of 48-h-old conventional piglets with 10(11) CFU of the wild-type strain (NY-4) or T3SS1 deletion mutant strains resulted in acute, self-limiting diarrhea, whereas inoculation with a T3SS2 deletion mutant strain failed to produce any clinical symptoms. Intrapulmonary inoculation of C57BL/6 mice with the wild-type strain and T3SS2 deletion mutant strains (5 × 10(5) CFU) induced mortality or a moribund state within 12 h (80 to 100% mortality), whereas inoculation with a T3SS1 deletion mutant or a T3SS1 T3SS2 double deletion mutant produced no mortality. Bacteria were recovered from multiple organs regardless of the strain used in the mouse model, indicating that the mice were capable of clearing the lung infection in the absence of a functional T3SS1. Because all strains had a similar beta-hemolysin phenotype, we surmise that thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) plays a limited role in these models. The two models introduced herein produce robust results and provide a means to determine how different T3SS1 and T3SS2 effector proteins contribute to pathogenesis of V. parahaemolyticus infection.
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Tsai YH, Hsu RWW, Huang KC, Huang TJ. Laboratory indicators for early detection and surgical treatment of vibrio necrotizing fasciitis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2010; 468:2230-7. [PMID: 20232179 PMCID: PMC2895833 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-010-1311-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibrio necrotizing fasciitis is a rare and life-threatening soft tissue infection, with fulminant clinical courses and high mortality rates. However, the lack of specific disease characteristics and diagnostic tools during the initial examination may delay diagnosis. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We (1) asked whether the clinical indicators could predict laboratory findings during the initial stage of Vibrio necrotizing fasciitis and (2) determined the relationships between the laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis (LRINEC) score and the diagnosis of Vibrio infection. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 70 patients with 71 episodes of Vibrio necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis. Of the 70 patients, 68 had a history of contact with seawater or raw seafood; 66 had underlying chronic diseases. RESULTS Eighteen patients (25.7%) died a mean 18.7 days after admission, and 52 patients survived. A systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or less at the time of admission to the emergency room was associated with mortality. Patients who died had lower leukocyte counts, segmented leukocyte counts, platelet counts, and serum albumin levels compared with the patients who survived and higher counts of band forms of leukocytes. Only eight patients (11%) who survived had a LRINEC score of 6 or greater. CONCLUSIONS The LRINEC scoring system is not applicable when treating such a highly lethal disease. We propose that severe hypoalbuminemia, severe thrombocytopenia, and increased banded forms of leukocytes are laboratory risk indicators of necrotizing fasciitis that aid in pointing toward initiation of early surgery and predict a higher risk of death. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III Prognostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for complete descriptions of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Hung Tsai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chia-Yi, 6, West Sec, Chia-Pu Rd, Putz City, Chia-Yi, 613, Taiwan, Republic of China ,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University at Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Robert Wen-Wei Hsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chia-Yi, 6, West Sec, Chia-Pu Rd, Putz City, Chia-Yi, 613, Taiwan, Republic of China ,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University at Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chia-Yi, 6, West Sec, Chia-Pu Rd, Putz City, Chia-Yi, 613, Taiwan, Republic of China ,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University at Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsung-Jen Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chia-Yi, 6, West Sec, Chia-Pu Rd, Putz City, Chia-Yi, 613, Taiwan, Republic of China ,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University at Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China ,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, Fu-Jian, China
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Effect on human cells of environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains carrying type III secretion system 2. Infect Immun 2010; 78:3280-7. [PMID: 20479084 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00050-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an inhabitant of estuarine and marine environments that causes seafood-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. Recently, a type 3 secretion system (T3SS2) able to secrete and translocate virulence factors into the eukaryotic cell has been identified in a pathogenicity island (VP-PAI) located on the smaller chromosome. These virulence-related genes have previously been detected only in clinical strains. Classical virulence genes for this species (tdh, trh) are rarely detected in environmental strains, which are usually considered to lack virulence potential. However, during screening of a collection of environmental V. parahaemolyticus isolates obtained in the North Adriatic Sea in Italy, a number of marine strains carrying virulence-related genes, including genes involved in the T3SS2, were detected. In this study, we investigated the pathogenic potential of these marine V. parahaemolyticus strains by studying their adherence ability, their cytotoxicity, their effect on zonula occludin protein 1 (ZO-1) of the tight junctions, and their effect on transepithelial resistance (TER) in infected Caco-2 cells. By performing a reverse transcription-PCR, we also tested the expression of the T3SS2 genes vopT and vopB2, encoding an effector and a translocon protein, respectively. Our results indicate that, similarly to clinical strains, marine V. parahaemolyticus strains carrying vopT and vopB2 and that other genes included in the VP-PAI are capable of adhering to human cells and of causing cytoskeletal disruption and loss of membrane integrity in infected cells. On the basis of data presented here, environmental V. parahaemolyticus strains should be included in coastal water surveillance plans, as they may represent a risk for human health.
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Rodriguez-Castro A, Ansede-Bermejo J, Blanco-Abad V, Varela-Pet J, Garcia-Martin O, Martinez-Urtaza J. Prevalence and genetic diversity of pathogenic populations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in coastal waters of Galicia, Spain. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2010; 2:58-66. [PMID: 23765999 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2009.00064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The natural reservoirs and biological characteristics of pathogenic populations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in marine habitats remain unclear due to difficulties in obtaining pathogenic strains from the environment. The distribution and characteristics of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus were investigated over 1 year in three coastal environments in Galicia (Spain), including areas of the major international ports in the region. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was present in 35.3% of the samples analysed, and 535 strains were isolated over the period of study. Virulence genes were detected in 94 strains with diverse genetic traits: 66 trh+/tdh-, 24 trh-/tdh+ and 4 trh+/tdh+. Different spatial and seasonal patterns were observed in relation to genetic traits. The trh+/tdh- strains were detected exclusively in northern areas and prevailed in the autumn, when seawater is warmer and less saline, whereas the trh-/tdh+ strains were found in all three areas throughout winter and spring. Characterization of potentially pathogenic strains from the environment revealed an unexpectedly diverse array of serotypes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles (pulsotypes) that were unrelated to clinical strains of V. parahaemolyticus that are prevalent in Spain. The results of the current study provide a novel view of V. parahaemolyticus in Europe, in which diverse pathogenic groups are constitutive components of the environmental populations in coastal habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Rodriguez-Castro
- Instituto de Acuicultura and Instituto de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario Sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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