Risk factors and prevalence of burnout syndrome in the nursing profession

Job satisfaction and burnout syndrome among intensive-care unit nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis

INTRODUCTION

The severe conditions often experienced in an intensive care unit, combined with poor working conditions, increase stress and therefore decrease job satisfaction. Sustained stress in the workplace leads to the development of burnout, a syndrome characterised by three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and perceived lack of personal fulfilment.

OBJECTIVE

To analyse the relationship between burnout syndrome and job satisfaction among ICU personnel.

DATA SOURCES

The PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus databases were used.

STUDY DESIGN

A systematic review and meta-analysis. The study sample consisted of 18 quantitative primary studies conducted in the last five years. Validated questionnaires were used to assess burnout in ICU healthcare workers, the most commonly used being the Maslach Burnout Inventory.

EXTRACTION METHODS

The search equation applied was: "job satisfaction AND nurs* AND burnout AND (ICU OR intensive care units)". The search was performed in October 2022.

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS

The search returned 514 results. Only 73 articles met the eligibility criteria. After reading the title and abstract, 20 articles were selected. After reading the full texts, 12 articles remained and after the reverse search, 18 articles were finally selected. The studies reported a 50% prevalence of burnout, all three dimensions of which were heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic. Analysis of the study findings revealed an inverse association between burnout and job satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONS

Job dissatisfaction of ICU nurses depends on lack of experience, working conditions or working environment among others. ICU nurses with lower job satisfaction have higher levels of burnout.

IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE

This meta-analysis shows the potential value of job satisfaction on improving health outcomes related to burnout syndrome for nursing professional in Intensive Care Units. Different factors that could increase job satisfaction and consequently protect them from suffering high levels of burnout, such as salary, permanence in the service, mental health care are the responsibility of the hospital supervisor and, finally, of the own Health System. Knowledge of a risk profile based on the factors influencing job dissatisfaction would enable the implementation of effective workplace interventions to reduce or prevent the risk of burnout. Health policies should focus on protecting the worker, so in addition to improving working conditions, it would be interesting to promote coping skills in order to improve the quality of care and patient safety.

The Impact of Sociodemographic Factors on Job Satisfaction and Professional Burnout among Nurses in Urology Departments

(1) Background: Job satisfaction and professional burnout directly impact human life, depending on various professional, non-professional, and private determinants. Nurses, in particular, are highly susceptible to experiencing professional burnout, which, when combined with job satisfaction, significantly affects the quality of their services. This study aimed to assess the level of job satisfaction and job burnout among nurses working in urology departments, as well as the impact of sociodemographic factors. (2) Methods: The study involved 130 nurses working in urology departments in Poland. Researchers conducted an anonymous questionnaire comprising a sociodemographic section and two standardized questionnaires: the Link Burnout Questionnaire (LBQ) and the Scale of Job Satisfaction (SSP). (3) Results: The study group demonstrated an average level of job satisfaction (17.23 points) and an average level of professional burnout, indicating potential symptoms of professional burnout such as psychophysical exhaustion (22.29 points), lack of commitment to patient relationships (20.02 points), feelings of professional ineffectiveness (17.37 points), and disappointment (19.66 points). (4) Conclusions: The levels of job satisfaction and professional burnout among nurses in urology departments are comparable to those in other departments and countries. Medical facilities should take into account factors influencing job satisfaction and the risk of professional burnout when addressing employment conditions.

"I feel broken": Chronicling burnout, mental health, and the limits of individual resilience in nursing

Healthcare systems and health professionals are facing a litany of stressors that have been compounded by the pandemic, and consequently, this has further perpetuated suboptimal mental health and burnout in nursing. The purpose of this paper is to report select findings from a larger, national study exploring gendered experiences of mental health, leave of absence (LOA), and return to work from the perspectives of nurses and key stakeholders. Given the breadth of the data, this paper will focus exclusively on the qualitative results from 53 frontline Canadian nurses who were purposively recruited for their workplace insight. This paper focuses on the substantive theme of "Breaking Point," in which nurses articulated a multiplicity of stress points at the individual, organizational, and societal levels that amplified burnout and accelerated mental health LOA from the workplace. These findings exemplify the complexities that underlie nurses' mental health and burnout and highlight the urgent need for multipronged individual, organizational, and structural interventions. Robust and timely interventions are needed to restore the health of the nursing profession and sustain its future.

Ageism Healthcare: Implications for the Psychological Well-Being of Atlantic Canadian Healthcare Professionals

Ageism in healthcare is related to poor outcomes for older patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships between ageism and various aspects of the psychological well-being of healthcare professionals in Atlantic Canada. In 2023, an online survey of 294 healthcare professionals from various disciplines was conducted. This survey included items to measure expectations of aging, stress, burnout, emotional dissonance, and well-being. Results indicated that aging expectations were significantly related to burnout, perceived stress, well-being, and emotional dissonance. With the use of a path analysis, emotional dissonance partially mediated relationships between burnout and well-being with stress. However, aging expectations did not significantly predict emotional dissonance. Differences were found across professional groups on ageism. Conclusions support the need for increased awareness to the relationship between ageist attitudes and professionals' well-being, as well as the need for education and interventions to reduce false expectations about the aging process.

Can the Reboot coaching programme support critical care nurses in coping with stressful clinical events? A mixed-methods evaluation assessing resilience, burnout, depression and turnover intentions

BACKGROUND

Critical care nurses (CCNs) are routinely exposed to highly stressful situations, and at high-risk of suffering from work-related stress and developing burnout. Thus, supporting CCN wellbeing is crucial. One approach for delivering this support is by preparing CCNs for situations they may encounter, drawing on evidence-based techniques to strengthen psychological coping strategies. The current study tailored a Resilience-boosting psychological coaching programme [Reboot] to CCNs. Other healthcare staff receiving Reboot have reported improvements in confidence in coping with stressful clinical events and increased psychological resilience. The current study tailored Reboot for online, remote delivery to CCNs (as it had not previously been delivered to nurses, or in remote format), to (1) assess the feasibility of delivering Reboot remotely, and to (2) provide a preliminary assessment of whether Reboot could increase resilience, confidence in coping with adverse events and burnout.

METHODS

A single-arm mixed-methods (questionnaires, interviews) before-after feasibility study design was used. Feasibility was measured via demand, recruitment, and retention (recruitment goal: 80 CCNs, retention goal: 70% of recruited CCNs). Potential efficacy was measured via questionnaires at five timepoints; measures included confidence in coping with adverse events (Confidence scale), Resilience (Brief Resilience Scale), depression (PHQ-9) and burnout (Oldenburg-Burnout-Inventory). Intention to leave (current role, nursing more generally) was measured post-intervention. Interviews were analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis.

RESULTS

Results suggest that delivering Reboot remotely is feasible and acceptable. Seventy-seven nurses were recruited, 81% of whom completed the 8-week intervention. Thus, the retention rate was over 10% higher than the target. Regarding preliminary efficacy, follow-up measures showed significant increases in resilience, confidence in coping with adverse events and reductions in depression, burnout, and intention to leave. Qualitative analysis suggested that CCNs found the psychological techniques helpful and particularly valued practical exercises that could be translated into everyday practice.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrates the feasibility of remote delivery of Reboot and potential efficacy for CCNs. Results are limited due to the single-arm feasibility design; thus, a larger trial with a control group is needed.

The association of fear of COVID-19 on occupational stress in pediatric nurses: Examining the mediating role of psychological well-being

PURPOSE

This study investigated the associations of fear of COVID-19 with occupational stress and the mediating role of psychological well-being in pediatric nurses.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2021 and February 2022. The sample consisted of 464 pediatric nurses from public or university hospitals in Türkiye. Data were collected using a sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Occupational Stress Scale, and the Psychological Well-Being Scale. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and regression analysis.

RESULTS

Participants' fear of COVID-19 was positively associated with their occupational stress (F = 17.263; p < 0.001) but negatively associated with their psychological well-being (F = 10.575; p = 0.001). Their psychological well-being was negatively associated with their occupational stress (F = 22.084; p < 0.001). Nurses fear of COVID-19 explained three and 2 % of their occupational stress and psychological well-being, respectively. Nurses' psychological well-being explained 4 % of their occupational stress. The results showed that participants' psychological well-being did not mediate between their fear of COVID-19 and occupational stress.

CONCLUSION

Pediatric nurses fear COVID-19 but have an above-mean level of occupational stress and psychological well-being. In conclusion, psychological well-being does not mediate between pediatric nurses' fear of COVID-19 and occupational stress.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS

The pandemic was a traumatic experience for pediatric nurses. Hospital administrators and nurse managers must monitor the psychosocial health of pediatric nurses and support them in times of crisis.

Work-related burnout and its associated factors among midwives working at public hospitals in northwest Ethiopia: a multi-centered study

Introduction

Work-related burnout (WRB) is defined as the degree of physical and psychological fatigue and exhaustion that is perceived by the person as related to work. Midwives are vulnerable to work-related burnout due to their physically and emotionally demanding nature of their job. It affects the health of professionals and the quality of care provided. However, there is limited evidence on the burden and predictors associated with work-related burnout among midwives in developing countries, including Ethiopia. This study investigated the burden and contributing factors of work-related burnout among midwives in northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 7 to April 30, 2022. A simple random sampling method was used to enroll 640 study participants. The Copenhagen burnout inventory tool was used to assess the magnitude of work-related burnout. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, which was then entered into Epi Data 4.6 software and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. A multivariable logistic regression analysis model was fitted to identify factors associated with work-related burnout. The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported to declare the factors that are significantly associated with work-related burnout.

Results

The prevalence of work-related burnout was found to be 60.47% (95% CI = 56.6-64.2). Workplace violence (AOR = 3.33, CI: 2.02, 5.48), working hours over 60 h a week (AOR = 4.55, CI: 2.78, 7.43), emotional demand of the job (AOR = 8.85, 95% CI: 4.48, 17.47), exposure to blood and body fluids/sharp injuries (AOR = 5.13, CI: 3.12, 7.13), good superior support (AOR = 0.38, CI: 0.23, 0.63), Job rotation of ≤6 months (AOR = 2.30, CI: 1.28, 4.14) and being stressed (AOR = 2.64, CI: 1.63, 4.26) were all found to be strongly linked to work-related burnout.

Conclusion and recommendation

This study found a significant level of work-related burnout among midwives working in public hospitals. Experiencing workplace violence, a job rotation of less than or equals to six months, working hours over 60 h a week, good superior support, exposure to blood and body fluids or needle stick injuries and experiencing stress were significant factors that influenced work-related burnout. Therefore, reducing prolonged working hours, promoting supportive management, creating a safe working environment, and applying effective stress prevention strategies are some of the interventions to prevent or alleviate work-related burnout.

Euro-Burn I: Assessment of burnout syndrome in health workers in a mediterranean country during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

BACKGROUND

Burnout syndrome (BS) has a negative impact among health professionals.

AIMS

Our research objective is to quantify the level of burnout in health workers of the Spanish National Health System during the COVID-19 pandemic using and comparing two independent measurement instruments.

METHODS

Cross-sectional, descriptive and multicenter study conducted through an anonymous online survey among health workers of the National Health System, measuring the level of burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI).

RESULTS

A total of 448 questionnaires were analyzed, the mean age of the participants was 43.53 years (range: 20-64), 365 (81.5%) women. 161 (35.9%) participants presented BS measured with the MBI and 304 (67.9%) measured with the CBI. Regarding work contract, those who had greater job stability presented a higher degree of cynicism with respect to the eventual ones (p = .010), the eventual ones presenting higher mean scores in professional efficacy (p = .034). Urban workers had higher scores of exhaustion (p < .001) and cynicism (p < .001) than those living in rural areas. When comparing both tests, a high predictive value for exhaustion and cynicism was found to measure BS through the CBI (AUC = 0.92 and 0.84, respectively) and a low AUC with respect to the predictive value for efficacy (AUC = 0, 59).

CONCLUSIONS

The results obtained show a high level of BS among the health workers who participated in our study. Both tests have an excellent correlation in the degree of exhaustion and cynicism, but not in efficacy. The BS measurement must be performed with at least two validated instruments to increase its reliability.

Burnout and quality of life in Portuguese healthcare professionals working in oncology and palliative care-a preliminary study

BACKGROUND

Palliative care is an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families who are facing challenges associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering. Palliative care health professionals are considered a risk group for the development of burnout, since they live with severe disease and death, on a daily basis. With this work, the authors intend to evaluate the quality of life and risk of burnout in a group of health professionals, who work in a tertiary hospital dedicated to cancer patients.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The authors conducted a quantitative, descriptive, correlational and transversal study on palliative care professionals working with cancer patients. The evaluation protocol used to collect data included a sociodemographic questionnaire, WHO Quality of life Assessment instrument and Maslach Burnout Inventory. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS®Statistics program.

RESULTS

In the sample, there is a predominance of female gender (79,4%) with a mean age of 43,2 ± 10,8 years. The most representative professional group was nursing (47,1%). The sample response rate was 91.9%. Analyzing Maslach Burnout Inventory score, it appears that physicians and nurses have higher levels of exhaustion when compared to the other groups. In relation to quality of life (QoL), it was observed that in all dimensions, there was a homogeneous distribution of responses. It was verified that it was not possible to establish any relationship between the dimensions of burnout and QoL. Thus, the various dimensions behaved independently.

DISCUSSION

Physicians and nurses had the highest burnout levels in the most dimensions of Burnout score, in which they were followed by the operational assistants, who had moderate scores. Despite hight prevalence of Burnout, there is no correlation between Burnout and quality of life in this population. The perception of QoL is very satisfactory in the sample studied may result from the fact that these individuals have developed adequate self-protection strategies, thus preventing QoL from being affected by Burnout.

CONCLUSION

Prevention, diagnosis and intervention at burnout level is an important measure to be taken in health organizations, since the consequences that come from the experiences experienced by professionals will be reflected both in the quality of services provided to patients and in the QoL and well-being of professionals. Interventions are needed to promote better coping mechanisms when dealing with stress in this population. After this study, a Burnout Consultation was created at the Institution, to support professionals at risk or already affected.

Helper Syndrome and Pathological Altruism in nurses - a study in times of the COVID-19 pandemic

Background

Pathological Altruism and the concept of Helper Syndrome are comparable. We focused on Schmidbauer's description because it provides a comprehensive and testable definition. Nevertheless, this concept of Helper Syndrome has not yet been empirically investigated in a sample of helping professionals.

Aim

To investigate whether nurses working with covid-19 patients are more likely to have Helper Syndrome compared with individuals from non-helper professions.

Methods

The online survey took place between April 2021 and February 2022, in urban and rural regions of Salzburg, during the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses (n = 447) and controls (n = 295) were compared regarding Helper Syndrome characteristics. To measure characteristics of Helper Syndrome the following questionnaires were used: WHO-Five (WHO-5), selected scales of the Personality, Style and Disorder Inventory (PSSI) and the Freiburg Personality Inventory-Revised (FPI-R), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Insecure gender identity and self-assessment of having a Helper Syndrome was measured by a Likert scale.

Results

In both groups, Helper Syndrome was detected (nurses 29.5%, controls 30.5%). Participants with Helper Syndrome showed significant differences in personality styles and traits, namely significantly higher scores for Foreboding-Schizotypical Personality Style, Spontaneous-Borderline Personality Style, Amiable-Histrionic Personality Style, Ambitious-Narcissistic Personality Style, Loyal-Dependent Personality Style, Helpful-Selfless Personality Style, Carefully-Obsessive Personality Style, Optimistic-Rhapsodic Personality Style, Social Orientation, Strain, Emotionality and lower well-being. The only difference between nurses and controls was that nurses were significantly less open aggressive.

Conclusion

For the first time, we were able to demonstrate Schmidbauer's concept of Helper Syndrome. According to our data, we found a subgroup of individuals similar to Schmidbauer's description of Helper Syndrome, but this sample was independent of helping or non-helping profession. These individuals seem to be at higher risk for psychiatric disorders.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Burnout in Athletic Trainers: An Exploratory Study

CONTEXT

Burnout, a state of physical or emotional exhaustion, is a concern within athletic training, as between 17% and 40% of athletic trainers (ATs) report high levels of burnout. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked with higher levels of burnout in other health professions.

OBJECTIVE

To compare burnout with ACEs in ATs.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional study.

SETTING

Web-based survey.

PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS

One thousand ATs were selected at random to participate in the study. Of these, 78 ATs started the survey, and 75 ATs completed it.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)

Burnout, as measured by the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) overall and subscale scores, was compared across groups based on the number of adverse experiences as measured by the ACEs survey. Multiple analysis of variance tests were used to determine the association between ACEs score and overall, personal, work-related, and patient-related burnout.

RESULTS

At least 1 adverse experience was reported by 37 (49.33%) participants. Those with ≥4 ACEs had higher odds of describing overall, personal, and work-related burnout than those with 0 to 3 ACEs. Moderate burnout (CBI score ≥ 50.00) was noted in 27 (36.00%, overall), 44 (58.67%, personal), 34 (45.3%, work related), and 15 (20.00%, patient related) ATs. Participants with 4 ACEs had higher overall burnout (67.11 ± 19.89; F6,68 = 2.59, P = .03) than those with 0 (40.53 ± 17.12, P = .04), 1 (38.42 ± 20.99, P = .04), or 7 (19.08 ± 12.09, P = .03) ACEs. The same pattern existed with personal burnout, as participants with 4 ACEs (76.67 ± 17.33) had higher scores (F6,68 = 3.40, P = .00) than those with 0 (46.60 ± 17.49, P = .02), 1 (42.78 ± 21.48, P = .01), or 7 (27.08 ± 20.62, P = .03) ACEs. No other differences were observed.

CONCLUSIONS

Between 20.00% and 58.67% of ATs surveyed reported some form of burnout. Higher levels of overall and personal burnout were found in those with 4 ACEs. Although we expected to see lower levels of burnout in those with fewer ACEs, it was surprising that those with 7 ACEs had some of the lowest CBI scores. Athletic trainers with childhood trauma may find it beneficial to engage in self-regulation exercises to reduce or limit triggers and burnout. Additionally, employers should explore developing trauma-informed workplaces to better support employees.

The Effect of Burnout and Moral Sensitivity Levels of Surgical Unit Nurses on Job Satisfaction

PURPOSE

This study was carried out to determine the effect of burnout and moral sensitivity levels of surgical unit nurses on their job satisfaction.

DESIGN

A descriptive and correlational design study.

METHODS

The population consisted of 268 nurses working in health institutions in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. The data were collected online between 1 and 30 April, 2022 using a sociodemographic data form, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale, and the Moral Sensitivity Scale. Pearson correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the data.

FINDINGS

The nurses' moral sensitivity scale mean score was 105.2 ± 18.8, and the Minnesota job satisfaction scale mean score was 3.3 ± 0.7. The participants' mean emotional exhaustion score was 25.4 ± 7.3, the depersonalization score average was 15.7 ± 4.6, and the personal accomplishment mean score was 20.5 ± 6.7. The factors affecting the job satisfaction of nurses were found to be moral sensitivity, personal accomplishment, and satisfaction with the unit they worked.

CONCLUSIONS

Nurses had high levels of burnout due to emotional exhaustion, one of the subdimensions of burnout, and moderate levels of burnout due to depersonalization and personal accomplishment. The moral sensitivity and job satisfaction of nurses are moderate. As the nurses' accomplishment and ethical sensitivity levels increased and their emotional exhaustion levels decreased, their job satisfaction levels increased.

Risk factors for insomnia and burnout: A longitudinal population-based cohort study

Insomnia and burnout are highly prevalent in the general population, calling for understanding of its causes. Taking a broad approach, the aim of this study was to determine various mental and somatic risk factors for development of insomnia and burnout and stratifying for sex and age group. Questionnaire data were used from a Swedish population-based sample aged 18-79 years, from which cohorts without insomnia (n = 1702) and without burnout (n = 1972) at baseline were followed-up after 3 years. Self-reports of eight mental and somatic conditions at baseline were used as independent variables in logistic regression analyses to predict development of insomnia and burnout at 3-year follow-up. All eight studied conditions were significant risk factors for development of both insomnia (odds ratio, OR = 1.62-2.73) and burnout (OR = 2.20-3.21). Burnout and poor self-rated health had the highest ORs for insomnia, and poor self-rated health, anxiety and somatic symptoms had the highest ORs for burnout. The ORs were generally similar between men and women, whereas age groups tended to differ in some of the risk factors. The study highlights the importance of a broad assessment of both mental and somatic conditions in the prevention of insomnia and burnout.

Facing negative emotions: Evaluation of a brief training in validating communication for contact nurses in cancer care

BACKGROUND

Contact nurses in cancer care (CNCC) often face challenges when communicating with patients and their families. The overall aim was to evaluate a brief digital validation training for CNCC, to test whether it was associated with increased validation and decreased invalidation. Associations between communication skills in validation and markers of work-related stress were also investigated.

METHODS

This intervention study investigated associations between the training and validation skills using a within-group design with repeated measures (at pre, post, and eight-week follow-up). Additionally, associations between the training and occupational self-efficacy, self-validation, and exhaustion symptoms were explored.

RESULTS

Seventeen CNCCs (all female with relatively long work experience) completed a five-week digital training program. Results indicated a statistically significant increase in validation and a statistically significant decrease in invalidation, showing that the nurses improved their communication skills following the training. No changes were found in markers of work-related stress.

CONCLUSION

The results indicate that digital validation training for CNCCs is potentially beneficial by means of improving communication skills. This study further demonstrates that a brief digital training in validating communication to CNCC is associated with improved person-centered communication regarding strong negative emotions.

Global prevalence of nursing burnout syndrome and temporal trends for the last 10 years: A meta-analysis of 94 studies covering over 30 countries

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

To determine the global prevalence of nursing burnout syndrome and time trends for the last 10 years.

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of burnout syndrome varied greatly in different regions in the last 10 years, so the average prevalence and time trends of nursing burnout syndrome for the last 10 years were not completely clear.

DESIGN

A meta-analysis conducted in the PRISMA guidelines.

METHODS

CINAHL, Web of Science, and PubMed were searched for trials on the prevalence of nursing burnout syndrome from 2012 to 2022 systematically. Hoy's quality assessment tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias. The global prevalence of nursing burnout syndrome was estimated, and subgroup analysis was used to explore what caused heterogeneity. Time trends for the last 10 years were evaluated by meta-regression using Stata 11.0.

RESULTS

Ninety-four studies reporting the prevalence of nursing burnout were included. The global prevalence of nursing burnout was 30.0% [95% CI: 26.0%-34.0%]. Subgroup analysis indicated that the specialty (p < .001) and the region (p < .001) and the year (p < .001) were sources of the high heterogeneity. Meta-regression indicated that it tended to increase gradually for the last 10 years (t = 3.71, p = .006). The trends increased in Europe (t = 4.23, p = .006), Africa (t = 3.75, p = .006) and obstetrics (t = 3.66, p = .015). However, no statistical significance was found in ICU (t = -.14, p = .893), oncology (t = -0.44, p = .691) and emergency department (t = -0.30, p = .783).

CONCLUSIONS

A significant number of nurses were found to have moderate-high levels of burnout syndrome for the last 10 years. The meta-analysis also indicated an increased trend over time. Therefore, more attention to the prevalence of nursing burnout syndrome is urgently required.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE

High prevalence of nursing burnout may attract more attention from the public. This analysis may serve as an impetus for relevant policy to change nurses' working conditions and reduce the occurrence of burnout.

The influence of perceived stress of Chinese healthcare workers after the opening of COVID-19: the bidirectional mediation between mental health and job burnout

Objective

To explore the current status and interaction of perceived stress, job burnout and mental health among healthcare workers after the opening of COVID-19 which occurred in December 2022.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 792 healthcare workers from three tertiary hospitals in Wuxi was conducted from January 2023 to February 2023. Sociodemographic questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, Burnout Scale and Mental Health Self-Assessment Questionnaire were used for investigation. SPSS 26.0 was used to conduct data analysis. The significance of mediation was determined by the PROCESS macro using a bootstrap method.

Results

The results showed that (1) The average scores of the participants for perceived stress, mental health and job burnout were 22.65 (7.67), 3.85 (4.21) and 1.88 (1.03), respectively. (2) The perceived stress score, mental health score and job burnout score of healthcare workers were positively correlated (r = 0.543-0.699, p < 0.05). (3) Mental health partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and job burnout with a mediating effect of 17.17% of the total effect. Job burnout partially mediated the correlation between perceived stress and mental health with a mediating effect of 31.73% of the total effect.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggested that perceived stress had an impact on job burnout and mental health, either directly or indirectly. Healthcare managers should intervene to reduce perceived stress to protect healthcare workers' mental health, thereby alleviating burnout under the opening COVID-19 pandemic environment.

Investigating the relationship between language teachers' occupational self-efficacy, satisfaction and meaning at work, and their subjective wellbeing

Despite the growing interest in the well-being of educators, there is a significant gap in the literature regarding the specific factors that influence the well-being of language teachers. To address this gap, this study explored the relationship between Iranian language teachers' occupational self-efficacy, satisfaction and meaning at work and their subjective well-being. The study involved 120 EFL teachers, and data were collected through self-report questionnaires. The results pointed to significant positive correlations between subjective well-being and occupational self-efficacy (r = 0.625, p < 0.001) as well as satisfaction and meaning at work (r = 0.493, p < 0.001). Regression analyses further indicated that occupational self-efficacy, satisfaction and meaning at work were significant predictors of subjective well-being. Notably, occupational self-efficacy emerged as a stronger predictor, outweighing the influence of satisfaction and meaning at work. Furthermore, the ANOVA results demonstrated that the regression models significantly contributed to the prediction of subjective well-being, indicating the relevance of these factors in understanding language teachers' well-being. The coefficients analysis supported the significance of occupational self-efficacy (β = 0.625, p < 0.001) in predicting subjective well-being, while satisfaction and meaning at work also made a significant contribution (β = 0.258, p = 0.003). These findings suggest that enhancing teachers' occupational self-efficacy, satisfaction and meaning at work could promote their subjective well-being. The study contributes to understanding the relationship between teachers' job-related factors and their subjective well-being and could have implications for developing interventions to enhance their well-being.

Bibliometric analyses of turnover intention among nurses: implication for research and practice in China

Objective

The aim of this study was to analyze the current status of research on nurses' turnover intention and to provide suggestions and references for promoting research on turnover intention and for promoting hospital talent development.

Methods

We used the bibliometric method "turnover intention" or "intention to leave" and "nurse*" as subject terms, and 1543 articles from 2017 to 2021 were retrieved from the WoS database using VOSViewer and CiteSpace software. Article based on this descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the year of publication, region, institution, journal of publication, and cited articles.

Results

A total of 1,500 articles met the inclusion criteria. There is an overall upward trend in the number of articles published in the field of nursing in terms of turnover intention from 2017 to 2021. The United States has the highest number of publications and the highest number of institutions, while China ranks second in terms of publications, but there are no Chinese research institutions in the top 10. The top three journals in terms of the number of articles published are the Journal of nursing management, the Journal of advanced nursing, and the Journal of clinical nursing; Oman's League had the highest number of citations for their article in 2021; the most frequently occurring keywords are burnout, stress, satisfaction, model, work environment, organizational commitment, perception, predictor, mental health, and mediating role.

Conclusion

There is a great need for further research on how to develop sound measures to tackle nurse turnover intention. The following improvements should be made, such as to enhance research institutional settings for nurses' turnover intention in China and to increase attention to nurse burnout and possible mediating influences in future studies.

Burnout syndrome among nurses at a military medical academy in Serbia

OBJECTIVES

Healthcare workers are the professional group at higher risk of burnout than others. It is the underlying reason for medical errors and the general decrease in quality of patient care and is related to poor patient-healthcare worker relationships. Healthcare workers who work with military personnel have specificities compared to healthcare workers who work only with civilians.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study among 171 nurses at the Military Medical Academy was conducted. The questionnaire consisted of items regarding socio-demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle characteristics, workplace environment, workplace stress, strategies of stress management, symptoms and signs of workplace-related stress, and the Serbian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory.

RESULTS

The prevalence of burnout was 46.2%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the burnout was associated with stating that they would not choose the same profession again (OR = 4.54, 95% CI: 1.53-14.50) and with not being interested in the work (OR = 4.86, 95% CI: 1.58-14.92).

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of burnout is relatively high among nurses at the Medical Military Academy in Belgrade and is associated with factors in the work environment.

Social support moderates the relationship between burnout and job satisfaction in aerodigestive team members

OBJECTIVES

Burnout among healthcare workers is a public health crisis. Burnout is associated with elevated cynicism, emotional exhaustion, and low job satisfaction. Methods to combat burnout have been challenging to identify. Based on positive experiences of pediatric aerodigestive team members, we hypothesized that social support in multidisciplinary aerodigestive teams moderates the effects of burnout on job satisfaction.

METHODS

Using a survey of the Aerodigestive Society, members of Aerodigestive teams (N = 119) completed demographics, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and measures of job satisfaction, emotional, and instrumental social support. In addition to assessing relationships between components of burnout and job satisfaction, six tests were conducted using PROCESS to ascertain the degree to which social support moderated these relationships.

RESULTS

Similar to US healthcare base rates, burnout scores in this sample suggest that a third-to-half felt Emotionally Exhausted and Burned Out from work "A few times a month"-to-"Every Day." Simultaneously, however, the majority in sample (60.6%) noted feeling that they "positively impact others' lives" with 33.3% endorsing "Every Day." Job satisfaction was strikingly high at 89%, with most reporting Aerodigestive team affiliation related to higher job satisfaction. Both Emotional and Instrumental social support moderated the effect of Cynicism and Emotional Exhaustion on Job Satisfaction, with higher Job Satisfaction scores in conditions of high support.

CONCLUSIONS

These results support the hypothesis that social support from a multidisciplinary aerodigestive team moderates the effect of burnout in its team members. Further work is needed to understand if membership in other interprofessional healthcare teams can help combat the negative effects of burnout.

Time spent on documenting quality indicator data and associations between the perceived burden of documenting these data and joy in work among professionals in intensive care units in the Netherlands: a multicentre cross-sectional survey

OBJECTIVES

The number of indicators used to monitor and improve the quality of care is debatable and may influence professionals' joy in work. We aimed to assess intensive care unit (ICU) professionals' perceived burden of documenting quality indicator data and its association with joy in work.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional survey.

SETTING

ICUs of eight hospitals in the Netherlands.

PARTICIPANTS

Health professionals (ie, medical specialists, residents and nurses) working in the ICU.

MEASUREMENTS

The survey included reported time spent on documenting quality indicator data and validated measures for documentation burden (ie, such documentation being unreasonable and unnecessary) and elements of joy in work (ie, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, autonomy, relatedness and competence). Multivariable regression analysis was performed for each element of joy in work as a separate outcome.

RESULTS

In total, 448 ICU professionals responded to the survey (65% response rate). The overall median time spent on documenting quality data per working day is 60 min (IQR 30-90). Nurses spend more time documenting these data than physicians (medians of 60 min vs 35 min, p<0.01). Most professionals (n=259, 66%) often perceive such documentation tasks as unnecessary and a minority (n=71, 18%) perceive them as unreasonable. No associations between documentation burden and measures of joy in work were found, except for the negative association between unnecessary documentations and sense of autonomy (β=-0.11, 95% CI -0.21 to -0.01, p=0.03).

CONCLUSIONS

Dutch ICU professionals spend substantial time on documenting quality indicator data they often regard as unnecessary. Despite the lacking necessity, documentation burden had limited impact on joy in work. Future research should focus on which aspects of work are affected by documentation burden and whether diminishing the burden improves joy in work.

Burnout and impostor phenomenon in nursing and newly licensed registered nurses: A scoping review

AIMS AND OBJECTIVE

To identify the prevalence and severity of impostor phenomenon and burnout in newly licensed registered nurses, map the current literature on impostor phenomenon in nursing, and identify related factors affecting the new nurse's transition to practice.

BACKGROUND

Impostor phenomenon is an internalised intellectual phoniness resulting in persistent self-doubt despite prior success. It can evoke feelings of emotional exhaustion associated with burnout, negatively affecting employee retention. Due to changes in nursing education resulting from COVID-19, self-doubt and uncertainty among new nurses are expected to be heightened, leading to burnout which adversely effects nurse well-being, patient care and retention.

DESIGN

The scoping review follows the methodological framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley (2005) and the Reporting Checklist for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.

METHODS

The literature search was conducted utilising PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Inclusion criteria were studies published between 2011 and 2021, written in English, peer-reviewed, and focused on newly licensed registered nurses. Eighteen articles were reviewed.

RESULTS

Studies on impostor phenomenon in nursing are limited to nursing students and clinical nurse specialists. Prevalence of impostor feelings in these populations range from 36% to 75%, and 12.3% to 46% of new nurses report burnout. Impostor feelings arise from role ambiguity, lack of self-compassion, transitions, and minimal clinical experience. Burnout was associated with stress, feeling unprepared, inadequate socialisation, and lack of self-compassion. Overlap in these factors could increase impostor feelings and burnout in new nurses.

CONCLUSIONS

Effects of impostor phenomenon and burnout can negatively impact the well-being of the new nurse. Currently, no studies simultaneously examine impostor phenomenon and burnout in new nurses. Further research on the relationship between these phenomena should be conducted.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE

Understanding the impact of impostor phenomenon and burnout on new nurses could help mitigate challenges they face transitioning into practice.

Big five model personality traits and job burnout: a systematic literature review

BACKGROUND

Job burnout negatively contributes to individual well-being, enhancing public health costs due to turnover, absenteeism, and reduced job performance. Personality traits mainly explain why workers differ in experiencing burnout under the same stressful work conditions. The current systematic review was conducted with the PRISMA method and focused on the five-factor model to explain workers' burnout risk.

METHODS

The databases used were Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and PsycINFO. Keywords used were: "Burnout," "Job burnout," "Work burnout," "Personality," and "Personality traits".

RESULTS

The initial search identified 3320 papers, from which double and non-focused studies were excluded. From the 207 full texts reviewed, the studies included in this review were 83 papers. The findings show that higher levels of neuroticism (r from 0.10** to 0.642***; β from 0.16** to 0.587***) and lower agreeableness (r from - 0.12* to - 0.353***; β from - 0.08*** to - 0.523*), conscientiousness (r from -0.12* to -0.355***; β from - 0.09*** to - 0.300*), extraversion (r from - 0.034** to - 0.33***; β from - 0.06*** to - 0.31***), and openness (r from - 0.18*** to - 0.237**; β from - 0.092* to - 0.45*) are associated with higher levels of burnout.

CONCLUSIONS

The present review highlighted the relationship between personality traits and job burnout. Results showed that personality traits were closely related to workers' burnout risk. There is still much to explore and how future research on job burnout should account for the personality factors.

Work stressors and their controllability: Content analysis of employee perceptions of hindrances to the flow of work in the health care sector

High levels of work stress are prevalent today, and the underlying working conditions need to be tackled urgently. In this study, our aim was to identify the range of factors that employees themselves perceive as hindrances to the flow of work, that is, hindrance stressors. We analysed the open-ended questionnaire responses of 4766 employees working in the health care sector using semi-automated content analysis. We then used more detailed conventional content analysis to compare the responses of the groups that reported high (n = 1388) and low (n = 833) levels of subjective stress. Finally, we interpreted and categorised the stressors raised by the respondents from the viewpoint of controllability, to shed light on where to target interventions. The main hindrance stressors reflected inadequate staffing, work overload, time pressure, and management-related issues, of which the responses revealed concrete examples. Interruptions and problems related to cooperation and instructions were also commonly mentioned. The respondents in the high stress group emphasised work overload and issues related to management and clients. Our results suggest that the major hindrances to daily work are beyond employees' control and require decisions and resources at the level of supervisors, managers, directors, and policymakers. Future studies on work stress should explore the controllability of common stressors in more detail and include the appraisal of controllability in explanatory models. Avoiding overemphasis of psychological coping and instead targeting harmful working conditions and the organisational actors who can influence these could make workplace stress management interventions more effective.

Burnout, mental health, physical symptoms, and coping behaviors in healthcare workers in Belize amidst COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Healthcare workers are vulnerable to burnout, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic in the low resource settings. Belize is a small Central American developing country known for its chronic healthcare worker shortage and this is the first study to assess burnout prevalence and its associated factors among healthcare workers in Belize.

AIM

To evaluate the prevalence of burnout and its associated factors in HCWs in Belize covering multiple domains (mental health, physical symptoms, and coping behaviors) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey that was developed and validated by a panel of experts was delivered online to all the healthcare workers in Belize from September to November 2021. Burnout was assessed using Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Depression and anxiety screening was carried out using the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2 (PHQ-2) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item (GAD-2). Burnout associated factors were estimated using logistic regression models.

FINDINGS

Of the total of 263 participants, 27.76% had overall burnout: 56.65% had personal, 54.37% had work-related, and 19.39% had patient-related burnout. Burnout was positively associated with anxiety (OR: 3.14 [1.67, 5.92]), depression (OR: 4.45 [2.30, 8.61]), intentions of quitting their jobs (OR: 2.59 [1.49, 4.51]), health status worsening (OR: 2.21 [1.26, 3.87]), multiple physical symptom presentation (OR: 1.19, [1.10, 1.29]), and use of multiple maladaptive coping behaviors (OR: 1.66, [1.30, 2.12]).

INTERPRETATION

Healthcare workers in Belize showed substantial levels of burnout which were significantly associated with using maladaptive coping behaviors, presenting multiple physical symptoms, quitting their jobs, health status worsening, and other mental health issues. These findings should be used to develop and implement programs such as regular health check-ups, health promotion awareness campaigns, and worker recruitment strategies which would improve the working conditions, quality of life, and psychological well-being of our healthcare workers.

Burnout, Resilience, Supervisory Support, and Quitting Intention among Healthcare Professionals in Saudi Arabia: A National Cross-Sectional Survey

Although personal resilience and supervisory support are known to reduce the impact of burnout and quitting intention, there is limited data available to explore these relationships among healthcare professionals (HCPs) in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of burnout and explore its association with resilience, supervisory support, and intention to quit among Saudi Arabian HCPs.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey was distributed to a convenience sample of HCPs between April and November 2022. Participants responded to socio-demographic questions, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS (MP)), the Connor-Davidson resilience scale 10 (CD-RISC 10), and the Perceived of Supervisor Support Scale (PSS). Descriptive, inferential, correlation, and logistic regression tests were performed for data analyses.

RESULTS

Of the 1174 HCPs included in the analysis, 77% were presented with high burnout levels: 58% with emotional exhaustion (EE), 72% with depersonalization (DP), and 66% with low personal accomplishment (PA). Females were associated with increased odds of burnout (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.04-2.06) compared to males. Burnout and its subscales were associated with higher intention to leave practice, with 33% of HCPs considering quitting their jobs. Furthermore, HCPs reported a low resilience score overall, and negative correlations were found between EE (r = -0.21; p < 0.001) and DP (r = -0.12; p < 0.01), and positive correlation with low PA (r = 0.38; p < 0.001). In addition, most HCPs perceived supervisory support as low, and it is associated with increased burnout and quitting intention.

CONCLUSION

Burnout is common among HCPs across all clinical settings and is associated with higher intention to quit and low resilience and supervisory support. Workplace management should provide a supportive workplace to reduce burnout symptoms and promote resiliency.

Exploring the Relationship Between Burnout, Resilience, and Dropout Intention Among Nursing Students During Clinical Training in Saudi Arabia

Background

The issue of burnout syndrome among health discipline students is gaining heightened attention due to its serious effects, which causes them to have the intention to quit. Despite this, limited studies are available on the extent of burnout and its association with resilience and intention to drop out among clinical-level nursing students.

Objective

To explore the relationship between burnout, resilience, and intention to quit among nursing students.

Methods

An online questionnaire was used to conduct a cross-sectional study, targeting nursing students at the clinical level through a nonprobability sample. The participants were required to provide their sociodemographic, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Data was analyzed using descriptive, inferential, and correlation tests.

Results

The study included a group of 564 nursing students and interns, the majority of whom were female at a percentage of 78.9%. Among this group, 65% experienced a high level of burnout, with 42% experiencing emotional exhaustion, 54% experiencing depersonalization (DP), and 77% reporting low personal achievement. A total of 48% of clinical-level students were considering quitting the nursing program. Moreover, the students reported low scores of resilience, with negative correlations observed with DP (r = -.12, p = .04) and positive correlation with low personal achievement (r = .43, p < .001).

Conclusion

Nursing students and interns faced a significant amount of burnout and showed a desire to drop out nursing program. Their level of resilience was moderately low, and it correlated with burnout subscales DP and personal accomplishment. A collaborative intervention is needed to promote resiliency and alleviate burnout symptoms during clinical training.

Burnout syndrome in the Czech Republic: The decreasing trend over the years

Introduction

Burnout syndrome is a state of long-term work exhaustion that manifests on three levels: cognitive, physical and emotional. Research regarding burnout syndrome has spiked in recent years. Despite burnout syndrome not being a clinical diagnosis, it has been recognized as a significant reason for work absence or, in some cases, even work leave. This study examines trends in burnout in the Czech population. The main aim of this research was to fill in the burnout literature gap and document the burnout trend over the years. Our secondary aim was to see if there is awareness regarding burnout syndrome and whether, over the years, we will see an increasing or a decreasing trend in burnout prevalence.

Methods

Data collection took place in three waves using the computer assisted web interviewing (CAWI) method. In 2014 n = 1,027, in 2017 n = 1,024, and in 2020 n = 1,000. Respondents were selected from the European National Panel. Because the target group was adults (18-65 years), an online survey was chosen. Internet penetration in this target population is sufficient, and it was not necessary to use a combination of methodologies.

Results

The results suggest a decreasing tendency for burnout syndrome in the Czech Republic. Knowledge about burnout syndrome is increasing, suggesting that people are paying more attention to their mental health and the possible factors that might affect the severity of burnout syndrome.

Conclusion

Overall, burnout threatens the general population, not only medical employees. It is a positive finding that over the years, there has been an increasing trend in awareness about burnout. It further shows that people have adopted certain precautions and steps to avoid burnout syndrome as the perceived threat from it gradually decreases.

Factors related to the appearance and development of burnout in nursing students: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction

Burnout may be suffered not only by experienced nurses, but also by those in training. The university environment can be highly stressful for student nurses, who are exposed to various stress-producing situations.

Aim

The aim of this study is to identify and analyse the main risk factors for burnout among nursing students.

Methods

A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed. The search equation used was "Burnout AND Nursing students". Quantitative primary studies on burnout in nursing students, and related risk factors published in English or Spanish and with no restriction by year of publication were included.

Results

A sample of n = 33 studies were included. Three variables are identified can influence burnout in nursing students: academic, interpersonal, environmental and/or social factors. The meta-analyses, with the higher sample of n = 418 nursing students, show that some personality factors, empathy, and resilience are correlated with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment.

Conclusion

The personality factors that can influence the development of burnout in nursing students, such as resilience and empathy, among others, must be taken into account when preventing the appearance and treating burnout. Professors should teach nursing students to prevent and recognize the most frequent symptoms of burnout syndrome.

Nurses' emotional exhaustion: Prevalence, psychosocial risk factors and association to sick leave depending on care setting-A quantitative secondary analysis

AIMS

To explore differences in the prevalence, psychosocial risk factors and the connection to annual sick leave of nurses' emotional exhaustion depending on the care setting.

DESIGN

Quantitative study.

METHODS

We conducted a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional, representative survey with German nurses (BIBB/BAuA-Employment Survey 2018). We analysed data from three groups of nurses (hospital care HC: n = 333, nursing homes NH: n = 143, home health care HHC: n = 109). We calculated prevalence estimates for all psychosocial risk factors and emotional exhaustion and utilized Χ² -tests to explore differences relating to the care setting. We calculated risk estimates using logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS

Forty-four per cent of all nurses reported symptoms of emotional exhaustion. Care settings did not affect prevalence estimates (HC: 45.3%, NH: 37.8%, HHC: 50.5%). Weekend work was a risk factor for exhaustion. Being at the limit of efficiency was the only work-related psychosocial risk factor being independent of the care setting. Emotional demands were a significant risk factor for nurses working in HC and NH, and low team cooperation was a risk factor for nurses working in NH. Nurses' emotional exhaustion is associated with more sick leave days.

CONCLUSIONS

The high prevalence of nurses' emotional exhaustion is independent of the care setting. This threatens nurses' health and negatively affects the organization and society due to the relation to sick leave. Weekend work and quantitative demands relate to exhaustion independently of the care context. Emotional demands and low team cooperation show context-specific correlations.

IMPACT

Organizational interventions that limit quantitative demands are needed to prevent exhaustion among nurses. In HC and NH, measures are needed to improve coping with emotional demands and to strengthen team cooperation. Policymakers and nursing managers should take action to address nurses' emotional exhaustion.

NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION

Due to the study design.

Burn-out, emotional labour and psychological resilience among gastroenterology nurses during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES

To investigate the relationship between burn-out, emotional labour and psychological resilience of gastroenterology nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore the factors associated with these specific variables.

DESIGN

A multicentre cross-sectional study with anonymous self-reporting was conducted from 24 November 2021 to 26 December 2021.

SETTING

The study was conducted in Fujian Province, China.

PARTICIPANTS

The participants were 345 gastroenterology nurses from 7 tertiary hospitals.

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES

Burn-out, emotional labour and psychological resilience were the primary outcome measures. Using a convenience sampling method, the data were collected using Questionnaire Star (a tool for questionnaire surveys) via WeChat. The Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Chinese version of the Emotional Labour Scale and the Chinese version of the Psychological Resilience Scale were used to evaluate burn-out, emotional labour and psychological resilience, respectively.

RESULTS

The total scores for burn-out, emotional labour and psychological resilience in gastroenterology nurses were 53.07±19.63, 38.79±12.22 and 69.97±22.38, respectively, with less use of deep acting and more use of surface acting. Pearson correlation analysis showed that burn-out was positively correlated with two dimensions of emotional labour; surface acting and emotional expression, and negatively correlated with deep acting. There was a negative correlation between emotional labour and all three dimensions of psychological resilience.

CONCLUSIONS

Greater adoption of deep acting by nurses can be promoted by improving their psychological resilience during events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which can help improve emotional labour, thereby reducing burn-out and decreasing turnover rates. Senior management in hospitals must pay attention to nurses' psychological status. Further interventional studies could be conducted in the future to explore relevant measures.

The relationship between burnout and empathy in physiotherapists: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

There have been few studies carried out into empathy in physiotherapists. Burnout can debilitate the quality of care and the efficacy of treatment as the empathetic capacity of the professional diminishes.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the study was to examine the association between the construct burnout, empathy and sociodemographic aspects in Spanish physiotherapists.

METHODS

A cross-sectional electronic survey including the Maslach Burnout Inventory (for burnout assessment), the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (for empathy assessment) and sociodemographic data was answered by 461 Spanish physical therapists. A descriptive, bivariate and lineal regression analysis was performed.

RESULTS

There was an association between burnout and empathy. Specifically, higher levels of burnout are associated with lower levels of empathy, whilst years of work experience is associated with lower levels of burnout.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study contribute to a greater understanding of the relationship between the level of burnout and the dimensions of empathy in physiotherapists. The influence of burnout, which causes difficulties in the mobilization of the professional towards the establishment of a quality therapeutic relationship, is highlighted.KEY MESSAGESEmotional exhaustion is associated to greater personal discomfort and less empathy.The depersonalization is associated to personal discomfort and less empathy.Depersonalization is negatively associated to the lack of perspective.

Effects of personalized music intervention on nurse burnout: A feasibility randomized controlled trial

Burnout is highly prevalent among nurses; however, the effect of personalized music intervention on burnout remains unclear on nurses. We aimed to investigate the effects of personalized music intervention in relieving burnout among nurses. Forty-two eligible nurses were recruited for an assessor-blinded, two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial. The participants were randomly assigned to the following two groups: The personalized music group (n = 21), which listened to music of their choice for 30 min per session three times per week for 5 weeks; and the wait-list control group (n = 21), which did not listen to any music for relaxation. At baseline, nurses in the personalized music group had worse emotional exhaustion and greater depression compared with the wait-list control group. Results from an analysis of covariance using baseline emotional exhaustion and depression as covariates indicated that nurses who received personalized music intervention experienced less emotional exhaustion than the nurses in the wait-list control experienced. Personalized music intervention can be used for nurses as an adjuvant approach to reduce emotional exhaustion and then improve their well-being.

Factors Associated With Burnout Among Nurses Providing Direct Patient Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to identify factors associated with burnout in nurses and nurses' opinions regarding interventions to promote well-being during crisis conditions such as those experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND

Burnout among nurses is prevalent under usual conditions and may increase during crises such as COVID-19.

METHODS

Researchers conducted a survey of 1103 frontline nurses in a single New York City hospital during the first (spring 2020) and second (fall 2020/winter 2021) local waves of COVID-19.

RESULTS

Burnout prevalence increased from 45% to 52% between the first and second wave. Younger age, female gender, posttraumatic stress, anxiety or depressive symptoms, history of burnout, feeling less valued by hospital leadership, less informed of responsibilities, less certain about duration of enhanced workload, and prepared by prepandemic experience were predictive of burnout in multivariable analyses.

CONCLUSIONS

Although some identified risk factors for burnout were nonmodifiable, others may be modifiable by hospital leadership.

Personality Factors as Predictors in Burnout Level Changes for Surgical Area Nurses

Surgical area nurses provide comprehensive care to patients throughout the surgical process. Increases in life expectancy lead to the appearance and development of diseases, translating into an increase in the number of necessary interventions. Increases in the workload can be another risk factor for the development of burnout in professionals in this area. Knowledge of psychological and personality-related variables provides relevant information of level changes in the dimensions of burnout syndrome. Three logistic regression models, based on a cross-sectional study with 214 nurses working in the surgical area in the Andalusian Health Service, Spain, were built for each dimension. These models included different variables related to depression and personality, with some being significant at the population level and consequently true risk or protection factors. Friendliness, responsibility and extraversion are protection factors for the personal accomplishment dimension, whilst neuroticism is a risk factor for this dimension. Friendliness is also a protection factor for depersonalization, whilst depression is a risk factor. Finally, neuroticism, responsibility and depression are risk factors for the emotional exhaustion dimension of burnout. These findings provide relevant information that makes anticipation of this syndrome in this group easier.

Prevalence and factors associated with burnout among nurses in Jeddah: a single-institution cross-sectional study

Background

Health care workers, especially nurses, experience significantly elevated levels of emotional and social stressors in the work environment. Therefore, nurses develop high levels of burnout as the stress persists for prolonged periods. The main purpose of this paper is to measure burnout levels amongst nurses and find a relation between burnout levels and demographic factors.

Methods

This descriptive cross-sectional study was held from the 23rd of May till the 6th of September 2021 in King Abdulaziz Medical City of National Guard Health Affairs (KAMC-JD) in Jeddah. Data had been collected voluntarily from the nurses through electronic surveys that included demographic data and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) that measures three dimensions of burnout which are emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA). The association between demographic variables and burnout had been studied using the Fisher Exact test and binary logistic regression.

Results

Out of the 1300 nurses working in KAMC-JD, 250 completed the survey. Burnout had been detected in 112 nurses (44.8%). Out of the 250 nurses, 26.4% were found to be at a high risk of burnout, which means they have high or moderate scores of EE and DP, with low ones in PA. The majority of the participants had high burnout levels in each of burnout components, and 99.6% of them scored high in at least one of the three dimensions. Level of burnout was significantly correlated to certain demographic factors which were the nationality (p-value = 0.01) and working unit (p-value = 0.02). On the other hand, there was no significant association between burnout and age, gender, or marital status.

Conclusion

This study proves that a high percentage of nurses fell victims to burnout with a strong association between certain demographic data namely nationality as well as working unit and burnout levels. Taking into consideration the negative impact of burnout on both nurses and patients, conducting more studies about burnout among nurses, its effect on them, and the risk factors behind it is needed. Early treatment and management are also recommended to avoid the undesirable outcomes.

Burnout and Resilience among Respiratory Therapy (RT) Students during Clinical Training in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND

The epidemic of burnout has been widely documented among health discipline students. However, there is limited information available on the prevalence of burnout and its association with resilience among clinical-level respiratory therapy (RT) students.

METHODS

Between March 2022 and May 2022, a descriptive, cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of RT students and interns was conducted. A total of 559 RT students and interns from 15 RT programs responded to socio-demographic questions and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive, inferential, and correlation tests.

RESULTS

Of the 559 respondents, 78% reported a high level of burnout. Within the three subscales of burnout, 52% reported emotional exhaustion (EE), 59% reported depersonalization (DP), and 55% reported low personal achievement (PA). The prevalence of burnout increased as students proceeded to senior years (p = 0.006). In addition, participants with higher grade point averages (GPA) reported a higher level of burnout. Only 2% of the respondents reported a high level of resiliency. Further, there were negative correlations between resilience and EE (r = -41, p < 0.001) and DP (r = -32, p = 0.03), and a positive correlation with low PA (r = 0.56, p = 0.002).

CONCLUSION

The findings showed a high prevalence of burnout among RT students and interns during clinical training in Saudi Arabia. Resilience was associated with all domains of burnout and is likely to play a protective role. Therefore, there is a need for collaborative interventions to promote resiliency during clinical training to alleviate and overcome burnout symptoms.

Workplace stressors and PTSD among psychiatric workers: The mediating role of burnout

Critical workplace events (e.g., assaults), chronic stressors, burnout, and work conditions all affect nurse well-being. The present study investigated associations among these sources of stress and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in psychiatric nurses, hypothesizing that burnout would mediate the paths between workplace stressors and PTSD. Surveys were completed by 611 psychiatric nurses or allied health staff working on inpatient units in three psychiatric hospitals. Participants reported on critical events and chronic stressors specific to providing psychiatric care and completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Areas of Worklife Survey (AWS) (work conditions), and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Burnout had a direct relation to PTSD symptoms and partially mediated the effect of exposure to critical events, but not chronic stressors, on PTSD symptoms. Chronic stressors related to patients' disturbing behaviour (e.g., flooding room, eating non-food items) had a direct effect on PTSD symptoms, but those related to resisting care (e.g., screaming constantly, physically resisting care) had no significant association. Worklife conditions had a negative direct effect on Burnout and indirect effect on PTSD, whereby participants reporting poorer alignment of work conditions with their expectations had higher Burnout and PTSD symptom scores. Different sources of workplace stress have different relations to PTSD symptoms, and Burnout has both direct and mediation effects. Interventions aimed at reducing patients' aggressive and disturbing acts and improving healthcare providers' burnout and worklife factors in hospitals may all be needed to reduce PTSD among psychiatric staff.

Work Organization Factors Associated With Nurses' Stress, Sleep, and Performance: A Pre-pandemic Analysis

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic put extreme stress on an already strained healthcare workforce. Suboptimal work organization, exacerbated by the pandemic, is associated with poor worker, patient, and organizational outcomes. However, there are limited qualitative studies exploring how the interconnections of work organization factors related to shift work, sleep, and work stress influence registered nurses and their work performance in the United States.

Purpose

We sought to understand how nurses perceive work organization factors that impact their performance. Knowledge in this area could direct efforts to implement policies and design tailored interventions to support nurses in the post-pandemic period.

Methods

We used a qualitative descriptive design with the Work, Stress, and Health framework as an overarching guide to understand the interconnectedness of work organization factors, work stress, and outcomes. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two anonymous, asynchronous virtual focus groups (i.e., threaded discussion boards) in 2019. Registered nurses (N = 23) working across the United States were recruited and engaged until data saturation was achieved. Directed content analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results

Findings aligned with the Work, Stress, and Health framework and revealed three themes: (1) "Our Voice Should Matter" (nurses' desire to have their voices heard in staffing policies); (2) "Tired But Wired" (the harmful cycle of work stress, rumination, and poor sleep); and (3) "We're Only Human" (nurses' physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion linked to critical performance impairments).

Conclusion

These findings underscore that high work stress and poor sleep were present before the pandemic and impacted nurses' perceptions of their performance. As leaders look forward to recovery and work redesign efforts, these findings can guide decision-making and resource allocation for optimal nurse, patient, and organization outcomes.

Decision-Tree-Based Approach for Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment in Immobilized Patients

Applications where data mining tools are used in the fields of medicine and nursing are becoming more and more frequent. Among them, decision trees have been applied to different health data, such as those associated with pressure ulcers. Pressure ulcers represent a health problem with a significant impact on the morbidity and mortality of immobilized patients and on the quality of life of affected people and their families. Nurses provide comprehensive care to immobilized patients. This fact results in an increased workload that can be a risk factor for the development of serious health problems. Healthcare work with evidence-based practice with an objective criterion for a nursing professional is an essential addition for the application of preventive measures. In this work, two ways for conducting a pressure ulcer risk assessment based on a decision tree approach are provided. The first way is based on the activity and mobility characteristics of the Braden scale, whilst the second way is based on the activity, mobility and skin moisture characteristics. The results provided in this study endow nursing professionals with a foundation in relation to the use of their experience and objective criteria for quick decision making regarding the risk of a patient to develop a pressure ulcer.

Supporting Professionals in Critical Care Medicine: Burnout, Resiliency, and System-Level Change

Burnout is occurring in epidemic proportions among intensive care unit physicians and other health-care professionals-accelerated by pandemic-driven stress. The impact of burnout is far-reaching, threatening the health of individual workers, the safety and quality of care our patients receive, and eroding the infrastructure of health care in general. Drivers of burnout include excessive quantity of work (nights, weekends, and acuity surges); excessive menial tasks; incivility, poor communication, and challenges to team success; and frequent moral distress and end-of-life issues. This article provides system-based practice and individual strategies to address these drivers and improve the well-being of our team and our patients.

Professional quality of life in pediatric services: A cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE

Determine the quality of working life among the different pediatric nursing professionals, taking into account socio-demographic and work context factors, and the relationship of Burnout, compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue between different job positions.

METHOD

Cross-sectional descriptive observational study carried out between January-March 2019 at the national territory. The professional quality of life was measured with ProQOL IV and sociodemographic characteristics were recorded. The data was encoded in Microsoft Office Excel, and analyzed with SPPS considering statistically significant differences p &lt; 0.05.

RESULTS

A total of 68 nurses were included in the study. The results obtained show less satisfaction due to compassion in those professionals who have a permanent employment contract, as well as those who carry out their work in hospitalization positions compared to those in the oncology area. In our sample there are very high levels of compassion fatigue, in addition we observed a significant relationship between compassion fatigue and religious belief, being higher in believing professionals.

CONCLUSIONS

It's necessary to identify associated factors in the professional quality of life to propose intervention strategies and improvement conditions, requiring greater involvement of health institutions to improve the professional quality of life in pediatric nursing.

Working Conditions and the Components of Burnout Among Nursing Staff in a Public Hospital in Mexico City

BACKGROUND

Working conditions in public hospitals in Mexico City are highly demanding. The need for healthcare is pressing, materials and instruments are scarce, and exposure to pain and suffering is constant. These adverse conditions have an adverse impact on the physical and mental health of healthcare professionals. The nursing staffs are among those who are most affected, and they frequently experience burnout syndrome or one of its several dimensions, including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment.

PURPOSE

The aim of this research was to analyze the relationship among working conditions, related stress, and the dimensions of burnout syndrome in a tertiary care public hospital in Mexico City.

METHODS

A cross-sectional design was applied on a random sample of 190 nurses in a public hospital in Mexico City. Working conditions and burnout syndrome were evaluated using standardized instruments. Adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated. Three clusters, one for each burnout dimension, were generated and then evaluated using a correspondence analysis with labor characteristics.

RESULTS

One quarter (25%) of the participants self-reported a sense of personal accomplishment, and 12% reported emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. The labor variables that were found to be associated with the dimensions of burnout were workload, performing potentially hazardous work, and conducting tedious tasks. Positive conditions were shown to decrease the prevalence of burnout in all three dimensions.

CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE

Working conditions for nursing staff impact the mental health of nurses and affect the quality of the healthcare they provide. The set of work demands and stressors to which they are exposed should be controlled and modified to ensure a healthy work environment.

Sleep and Professional Burnout in Nurses, Nursing Technicians, and Nursing Assistants During the COVID-19 Pandemic

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic may trigger sleep disorders and burnout in nursing professionals.

PURPOSE

This study was designed to describe the occurrence of sleep disorders and burnout in a nursing team during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the associated factors.

METHODS

A cross-sectional approach was used. The questionnaire was administered via the Internet. All of the participants were nursing professionals who had provided care during the COVID-19 pandemic, and data were collected between June and August 2020. Sociodemographic and work characterization instruments, the Jenkins Sleep Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were used.

RESULTS

Five hundred seventy-two nursing professionals (nurses, nursing technicians, and nursing assistants) responded. Slightly over one quarter (26.4%) presented a sleep disorder, and 17.3% presented burnout. Professional category was a factor found to be associated with having a sleep disorder. Moreover, a lower prevalence both of disorders and of starting to use sleep medication was found among nurses than nursing assistants. Moreover, an association was found between having a high level of emotional exhaustion burnout and being a nursing technician, having a higher number of patients needing care, and starting to use sleep medication. The level of burnout related to depersonalization was significantly higher for nursing assistants, those with a weekly workload of 50 hours or more, and those starting to use sleep medication. Furthermore, burnout related to personal accomplishment was significantly higher in those starting to use sleep medication. Among the participants with sleep disorders, according to Jenkins Sleep Scale results, all of the participants presented a high or moderate level of emotional exhaustion and a high level of burnout related to personal accomplishment.

CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE

The findings indicate that the incidence of sleep disorders and burnout were high among nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic and mainly related with starting to use sleep medication. The results demonstrate the importance of detecting and assessing the frequency of sleep disorders and professional exhaustion. Interventions that aim to improve sleep quality and working conditions for these professionals should be developed.

Explanatory Models of Burnout Diagnosis Based on Personality Factors in Primary Care Nurses

Burnout in the primary care service takes place when there is a high level of interaction between nurses and patients. Explanatory models based on psychological and personality related variables provide an approximation to level changes in the three dimensions of the burnout syndrome. A categorical-response ordinal logistic regression model, based on a quantitative, crosscutting, multicentre, descriptive study with 242 primary care nurses in the Andalusian Health Service in Granada (Spain) is performed for each dimension. The three models included all the variables related to personality. The risk factor friendliness was significant at population level for the three dimensions, whilst openness was never significant. Neuroticism was significant in the models related to emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, whilst responsibility was significant for the models referred to depersonalization and personal accomplishment dimensions. Finally, extraversion was also significant in the emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment dimensions. The analysis performed provides useful information, making more readily the diagnosis and evolution of the burnout syndrome in this collective.

Burnout in Specialized Care Nurses during the First COVID-19 Outbreak in Spain

Background: One of the most outstanding consequences of the pandemic is the impact it had on the mental health of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in specialised services. Aim: The aim was to analyse the burnout levels of nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in specialised care and their relationship with variables of the socio-occupational context. Method: This was a quantitative, descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study, which included a sample of 355 nursing professionals. The instrument used was a questionnaire (Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS)). Results: A mean score of 27.44 (SD = 12.01) was obtained in the subscale "Emotional exhaustion"; in "Depersonalisation", the mean score was 7.26 (SD = 6.00); and, finally, in "Personal fulfilment", the mean score was 38.27 (SD = 7.04). Statistically significant differences were found in the subscale "Emotional exhaustion", which is higher in women than in men. The subscale "Personal Accomplishment" was higher in the age group 51-65 years. Regarding the "Depersonalisation" subscale, statistically significant differences were found with respect to the years of experience in the current service, which is higher in the group aged 39 years or more. Conclusion: Intervention programmes are required in healthcare systems to improve the emotional well-being of nursing professionals.

Psychological distress among hospital caregivers during and after the first wave of COVID-19: Individual factors involved in the severity of symptoms expression

Coronavirus disease 2019 has spread rapidly over the globe and has put an unprecedent psychological pressure on health care workers (HCWs). The present study aimed at quantifying the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on HCWs during and after the first wave and identify sociodemographic, situational, and psychological risk/protective factors for symptoms severity. An online survey was sent by e-mail to all nurses and physicians employed by a teaching hospital in Brussels, Belgium. 542 (20,62%) completed the survey. 47%, 55%, 32% and 52% of participants reported posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression and insomnia symptoms, respectively, during the peak. Two to three months later, posttraumatic symptoms emerged de novo in 54% of HCWs. It persisted in 89% of those presenting severe symptoms initially. Neuroticism was the strongest predictor of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and insomnia. Work overload was the strongest predictor of depression and second predictor of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and insomnia. Other significant predictors included being a nurse, the number of past traumatic experiences, avoidant coping style, and expressive suppression of emotions.

Exploring the relationship between co-worker and supervisor support, self- confidence, coping skills and burnout in residential aged care staff

BACKGROUND

Staff working in residential aged care facilities face unique challenges and stressors in their workplaces which increase their risk for occupational burnout. Burnout in this workforce results in low job satisfaction, increased levels of absenteeism and poor retention rates. Given Australia's ageing population and the demand for residential aged care staff, it is imperative to explore predictors of burnout in this cohort in order to help staff prevent and manage burnout.

METHODS

This study examined the extent to which co-worker and supervisor support, self-confidence and adaptive coping skills predicted burnout among residential aged care staff, after controlling for staff demographics, organisational climate and work patterns. One hundred and thirty three residential aged care staff across Australia were surveyed using online questionnaires measuring levels of co-worker and supervisor support, self- confidence, adaptive coping skills and burnout.

RESULTS

Regression analyses indicated that, overall, co-worker and supervisor support, self-confidence, and adaptive coping predicted each dimension of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment). After controlling for covariates and other predictors: confidence significantly predicted all three dimensions; support significantly predicted emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and adaptive coping significantly predicted emotional exhaustion.

CONCLUSION

These findings suggest that co-worker and supervisor support, self- confidence and adaptive coping skills need to be addressed to prevent and manage occupational burnout for residential aged care staff in Australia.