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Narang G, Jakhan J, Tamang S, Yadav K, Singh V. Characterization of drug resistance genes in Indian Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax field isolates. Acta Trop 2024; 255:107218. [PMID: 38636585 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
One of the major challenges for malaria control and elimination is the spread and emergence of antimalarial drug resistance. Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) and Plasmodium vivax (Pv) field isolates for five drug resistance genes viz. crt, mdr1, dhps, dhfr and kelch known to confer resistance to choloroquine (CQ), sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and artemisinin (ART) and its derivatives were analyzed. A total of 342 symptomatic isolates of P. falciparum (Pf) and P. vivax (Pv) from 1993 to 2014 were retrieved from malaria parasite repository at National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR). Sample DNA was extracted from dried blood spots and various targeted single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with antimalarial drug resistance were analysed for these isolates. 72S (67.7%) and 76T (83.8%) mutations along with SVMNT haplotype (67.7%) predominated the study population for Pfcrt. The most prevalent SNPs were 108N (73.2%) and 437G (24.8%) and the most prevalent haplotypes were ACNRNI (51.9%) and SAKAA (74.5%) in Pfdhfr and Pfdhps respectively. Only two mutations in Pfmdr1, 86Y (26.31%) and 184F (56.26%), were seen frequently in our study population. No mutations associated with Pfk13 were observed. For Pv, all the studied isolates showed two Pvdhps mutations, 383G and 553G, and two Pfdhfr mutations, 58R and 117N. Similarly, three mutations, viz. 958M, 908L and 1076L were found in Pvmdr1. No variations were observed in Pvcrt-o and Pvk12 genes. Overall, our study demonstrates an increase in mutations associated with SP resistance in both Pf and Pv, however, no single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with ART resistance have been observed for either species. Various SNPs associated with CQ resistance were seen in Pf; whereas only Pvmdr1 associated resistant SNPs were observed in Pv. Therefore, molecular characterization of drug resistance genes is essential for timely monitoring and prevention of malaria by identifying the circulating drug resistant parasites in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Narang
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR), Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi 110077, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Jahnvi Jakhan
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR), Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi 110077, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Suman Tamang
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR), Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi 110077, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Karmveer Yadav
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR), Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi 110077, India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR), Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi 110077, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
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Hofer W, Deschner F, Jézéquel G, Pessanha de Carvalho L, Abdel-Wadood N, Pätzold L, Bernecker S, Morgenstern B, Kany AM, Große M, Stadler M, Bischoff M, Hirsch AKH, Held J, Herrmann J, Müller R. Functionalization of Chlorotonils: Dehalogenil as Promising Lead Compound for In Vivo Application. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319765. [PMID: 38502093 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The natural product chlorotonil displays high potency against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria and Plasmodium falciparum. Yet, its scaffold is characterized by low solubility and oral bioavailability, but progress was recently made to enhance these properties. Applying late-stage functionalization, we aimed to further optimize the molecule. Previously unknown reactions including a sulfur-mediated dehalogenation were revealed. Dehalogenil, the product of this reaction, was identified as the most promising compound so far, as this new derivative displayed improved solubility and in vivo efficacy while retaining excellent antimicrobial activity. We confirmed superb activity against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. and mature transmission stages of Plasmodium falciparum. We also demonstrated favorable in vivo toxicity, pharmacokinetics and efficacy in infection models with S. aureus. Taken together, these results identify dehalogenil as an advanced lead molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Hofer
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
| | - Felix Deschner
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
| | - Gwenaëlle Jézéquel
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
| | - Laìs Pessanha de Carvalho
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Noran Abdel-Wadood
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology /, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Linda Pätzold
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Bernecker
- Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Inorganic Solid State Chemistry, Saarland University Campus, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas M Kany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
| | - Miriam Große
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
- Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
- Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Jana Held
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, BP 242, BP 242, Gabon
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
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3
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Bansal GP, Araujo MDS, Cao Y, Shaffer E, Araujo JE, Medeiros JF, Hayashi C, Vinetz J, Kumar N. Transmission-reducing and -enhancing monoclonal antibodies against Plasmodium vivax gamete surface protein Pvs48/45. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0037423. [PMID: 38289124 PMCID: PMC10929423 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00374-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Gamete surface protein P48/45 has been shown to be important for male gamete fertility and a strong candidate for the development of a malaria transmission-blocking vaccine (TBV). However, TBV development for Plasmodium vivax homolog Pvs48/45 has been slow because of a number of challenges: availability of conformationally suitable recombinant protein; the lack of an in vivo challenge model; and the inability to produce P. vivax gametocytes in culture to test transmission-blocking activity of antibodies. To support ongoing efforts to develop Pvs48/45 as a potential vaccine candidate, we initiated efforts to develop much needed reagents to move the field forward. We generated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against Pvs48/45 and characterized putative functional domains in Pvs48/45 using recombinant fragments corresponding to domains D1-D3 and their biological functionality through ex vivo direct membrane feeding assays (DMFAs) using P. vivax parasites from patients in a field setting in Brazil. While some mAbs partially blocked oocyst development in the DMFA, one mAb caused a significant enhancement of the infectivity of gametocytes in the mosquitoes. Individual mAbs exhibiting blocking and enhancing activities recognized non-overlapping epitopes in Pvs48/45. Further characterization of precise epitopes recognized by transmission-reducing and -enhancing antibodies will be crucial to design an effective immunogen with optimum transmission-reducing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha P. Bansal
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Maisa da Silva Araujo
- Plataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária, Laboratório de Entomologia - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Global Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emily Shaffer
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jessica Evangelista Araujo
- Plataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária, Laboratório de Entomologia - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Jansen Fernandes Medeiros
- Plataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária, Laboratório de Entomologia - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Clifford Hayashi
- Department of Global Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joseph Vinetz
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nirbhay Kumar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Global Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Cabrera-Sosa L, Nolasco O, Kattenberg JH, Fernandez-Miñope C, Valdivia HO, Barazorda K, Rios SADL, Rodriguez-Ferrucci H, Vinetz JM, Rosanas-Urgell A, Geertruyden JPV, Gamboa D, Delgado-Ratto C. Genomic surveillance of malaria parasites in an indigenous community in the Peruvian Amazon. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3979991. [PMID: 38464169 PMCID: PMC10925399 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3979991/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Hard-to-reach communities represent Peru's main challenge for malaria elimination, but information about transmission in these areas is scarce. Here, we assessed Plasmodium vivax (Pv) and P. falciparum (Pf) transmission dynamics, resistance markers, and Pf hrp 2/3 deletions in Nueva Jerusalén (NJ), a remote, indigenous community in the Peruvian Amazon with high population mobility. We collected samples from November 2019 to May 2020 by active (ACD) and passive case detection (PCD) in NJ. Parasites were identified with microscopy and PCR. Then, we analyzed a representative set of positive-PCR samples (Pv = 68, Pf = 58) using highly-multiplexed deep sequencing assays (AmpliSeq) and compared NJ parasites with ones from other remote Peruvian areas using population genetics indexes. The ACD intervention did not reduce malaria cases in the short term, and persistent malaria transmission was observed (at least one Pv infection was detected in 96% of the study days). In Nueva Jerusalen, the Pv population had modest genetic diversity (He = 0.27). Pf population had lower diversity (He = 0.08) and presented temporal clustering, one of these clusters linked to an outbreak in February 2020. Moreover, Pv and Pf parasites from NJ exhibited variable levels of differentiation (Pv Fst = 0.07-0.52 & Pf Fst = 0.11-0.58) with parasites from other remote areas. No artemisin resistance mutations but chloroquine (57%) and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (35-67%) were detected in NJ's Pf parasites. Moreover, pfhrp2/3 gene deletions were common (32-50% of parasites with one or both genes deleted). The persistent Pv transmission and the detection of a Pf outbreak with parasites genetically distinct from the local ones highlight the need for tailored interventions focusing on mobility patterns and imported infections in remote areas to eliminate malaria in the Peruvian Amazon.
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Parvatkar P, Maher SP, Zhao Y, Cooper CA, de Castro ST, Péneau J, Vantaux A, Witkowski B, Kyle DE, Manetsch R. In Vitro Antimalarial Activity of Trichothecenes against Liver and Blood Stages of Plasmodium Species. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:315-321. [PMID: 38262446 PMCID: PMC10897926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Trichothecenes (TCNs) are a large group of tricyclic sesquiterpenoid mycotoxins that have intriguing structural features and remarkable biological activities. Herein, we focused on three TCNs (anguidine, verrucarin A, and verrucarol) and their ability to target both the blood and liver stages of Plasmodium species, the parasite responsible for malaria. Anguidine and verrucarin A were found to be highly effective against the blood and liver stages of malaria, while verrucarol had no effect at the highest concentration tested. However, these compounds were also found to be cytotoxic and, thus, not selective, making them unsuitable for drug development. Nonetheless, they could be useful as chemical probes for protein synthesis inhibitors due to their direct impact on parasite synthesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash
T. Parvatkar
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Steven P. Maher
- Center
for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Yingzhao Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Caitlin A. Cooper
- Center
for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Sagan T. de Castro
- Center
for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Julie Péneau
- Malaria
Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur
du Cambodge, 5 Boulevard Monivong, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, 120 210, Cambodia
| | - Amélie Vantaux
- Malaria
Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur
du Cambodge, 5 Boulevard Monivong, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, 120 210, Cambodia
| | - Benoît Witkowski
- Malaria
Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur
du Cambodge, 5 Boulevard Monivong, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, 120 210, Cambodia
| | - Dennis E. Kyle
- Center
for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Roman Manetsch
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Barnett
Institute
of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Pookmanee W, Thongthip S, Mungthin M, Sukasem C, Tankanitlert J, Chariyavilaskul P, Wittayalertpanya S. An increase in urinary primaquine and a reduction in urinary primaquine-5,6-orthoquinone in the Thai population with CYP2D6 reduced enzyme function. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24351. [PMID: 38293439 PMCID: PMC10827494 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Primaquine is metabolized by the cytochrome P450-2D6 enzyme (CYP2D6) to an active primaquine-5,6-orthoquinone (POQ). No relationships of CYP2D6 polymorphisms with the pharmacokinetics of primaquine and POQ were reported in the Thai population. Methods We evaluated the genetic distribution of CYP2D6 in 345 Thai army populations together with the pharmacokinetic profiles of primaquine and POQ in plasma and urine (n = 44, descriptive data are presented in median (range)). All dose-related pharmacokinetic parameters were normalized by primaquine dose per body weight before statistical analysis. Results CYP2D6*10 was the allele observed with the highest frequency (56.62%) corresponding to CYP2D6*10/*10 (32.94%) and CYP2D6*1/*10 (27.94%) genotypes. CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizers (CYP2D6 IM) were found in 44.41% of the cohort and had an increase in the cumulative amount of primaquine excreted (CAE) in urine compared to normal metabolizers of CYP2D6 (CYP2D6 NM); (CYP2D6 IM vs. CYP2D6 NM: 2444 (1697-3564) vs. 1757 (1092-2185) μg/mg/kg, p = 0.039), a reduction in urine CAE of POQ (CYP2D6 IM vs CYP2D6 NM: 115 (46-297) vs. 318 (92-498) μg/mg/kg, p = 0.047) and a reduction in the POQ/primaquine CAE ratio in urine (CYP2D6 IM vs. CYP2D6 NM: 0.06 (0.01-0.11) vs. 0.16 (0.06-0.26), p = 0.009). No significant differences were found in the pharmacokinetic profiles of plasma primaquine and POQ. Conclusions The CYP2D6 polymorphisms influenced the changes in primaquine and POQ that were noticeable in the urine, supporting the role of the CYP2D6 gene testing before drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waritda Pookmanee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Pharmacology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Medical Depot Division, Royal Thai Army Medical Department, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Thongthip
- Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Clinical Research Center under the Royal Patronage, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mathirut Mungthin
- Department of Pharmacology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, The Preventive Genomics & Family Check-up Services Center, Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Pajaree Chariyavilaskul
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supeecha Wittayalertpanya
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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de Abreu-Fernandes R, Almeida-de-Oliveira NK, de Lavigne Mello AR, de Queiroz LT, Barros JDA, Baptista BDO, Oliveira-Ferreira J, de Souza RM, Pratt-Riccio LR, Brasil P, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Ferreira-da-Cruz MDF. Are pvcrt-o and pvmdr1 Gene Mutations Associated with Plasmodium vivax Chloroquine-Resistant Parasites? Biomedicines 2024; 12:141. [PMID: 38255246 PMCID: PMC10812985 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Malaria remains a significant global public health issue. Since parasites quickly became resistant to most of the available antimalarial drugs, treatment effectiveness must be constantly monitored. In Brazil, up to 10% of cases of vivax malaria resistant to chloroquine (CQ) have been registered. Unlike P. falciparum, there are no definitive molecular markers for the chemoresistance of P. vivax to CQ. This work aimed to investigate whether polymorphisms in the pvcrt-o and pvmdr1 genes could be used as markers for assessing its resistance to CQ. (2) Methods: A total of 130 samples from P. vivax malaria cases with no clinical and/or parasitological evidence of CQ resistance were studied through polymerase chain reaction for gene amplification followed by target DNA sequencing. (3) Results: In the pvcrt-o exons, the K10 insert was present in 14% of the isolates. Regarding pvmdr1, T958M and F1076L haplotypes showed frequencies of 95% and 3%, respectively, while the SNP Y976F was not detected. (4) Conclusions: Since K10-pvcrt-o and F1076L/T958M-pvmdr1 polymorphisms were detected in samples from patients who responded well to CQ treatment, it can be concluded that mutations in these genes do not seem to have a potential for association with the phenotype of CQ resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca de Abreu-Fernandes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil; (R.d.A.-F.); (N.K.A.-d.-O.); (A.R.d.L.M.); (L.T.d.Q.); (J.d.A.B.); (B.d.O.B.); (L.R.P.-R.)
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, Secretaria de Vigilância Sanitária & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil
| | - Natália Ketrin Almeida-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil; (R.d.A.-F.); (N.K.A.-d.-O.); (A.R.d.L.M.); (L.T.d.Q.); (J.d.A.B.); (B.d.O.B.); (L.R.P.-R.)
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, Secretaria de Vigilância Sanitária & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil
| | - Aline Rosa de Lavigne Mello
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil; (R.d.A.-F.); (N.K.A.-d.-O.); (A.R.d.L.M.); (L.T.d.Q.); (J.d.A.B.); (B.d.O.B.); (L.R.P.-R.)
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, Secretaria de Vigilância Sanitária & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil
| | - Lucas Tavares de Queiroz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil; (R.d.A.-F.); (N.K.A.-d.-O.); (A.R.d.L.M.); (L.T.d.Q.); (J.d.A.B.); (B.d.O.B.); (L.R.P.-R.)
| | - Jacqueline de Aguiar Barros
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil; (R.d.A.-F.); (N.K.A.-d.-O.); (A.R.d.L.M.); (L.T.d.Q.); (J.d.A.B.); (B.d.O.B.); (L.R.P.-R.)
- Núcleo de Controle da Malária/Departamento de Vigilância Epidemiológica/Coordenação Geral de Vigilância em Saúde/SESAU-RR, Boa Vista 69305-080, Brazil
| | - Bárbara de Oliveira Baptista
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil; (R.d.A.-F.); (N.K.A.-d.-O.); (A.R.d.L.M.); (L.T.d.Q.); (J.d.A.B.); (B.d.O.B.); (L.R.P.-R.)
| | | | - Rodrigo Medeiros de Souza
- Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas da Amazônia Ocidental, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Floresta, Cruzeiro do Sul 69980-000, Brazil;
| | - Lilian Rose Pratt-Riccio
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil; (R.d.A.-F.); (N.K.A.-d.-O.); (A.R.d.L.M.); (L.T.d.Q.); (J.d.A.B.); (B.d.O.B.); (L.R.P.-R.)
| | - Patrícia Brasil
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, Secretaria de Vigilância Sanitária & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-361, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil; (R.d.A.-F.); (N.K.A.-d.-O.); (A.R.d.L.M.); (L.T.d.Q.); (J.d.A.B.); (B.d.O.B.); (L.R.P.-R.)
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, Secretaria de Vigilância Sanitária & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Ferreira-da-Cruz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil; (R.d.A.-F.); (N.K.A.-d.-O.); (A.R.d.L.M.); (L.T.d.Q.); (J.d.A.B.); (B.d.O.B.); (L.R.P.-R.)
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, Secretaria de Vigilância Sanitária & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil
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8
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St Laurent B. Genomic complexity of parasites and vectors challenges malaria control in Southeast Asia. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 60:101113. [PMID: 37690774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Southeast Asia is a uniquely complex region of malaria transmission that maintains an astounding level of species diversity among potential malaria vectors and also generates drug-resistant and quickly diverging populations of malaria parasites. All five human malaria species circulate in Southeast Asia with over 50 Anopheles species that vary in their ability to transmit these pathogens. The intricate relationships of these parasites and vectors are not well-understood. Human activity in Southeast Asian countries has created an increasingly fragmented landscape, bringing humans and mosquitoes into more frequent contact, sustaining malaria transmission in a region where few control tools are effective. Genomic shifts at the species, population, and individual level in parasites and vectors introduce variation that has produced drug- and insecticide resistance. The goal of this review is to highlight genomic studies of Southeast Asian malaria parasites and vectors that demonstrate how diversity in these organisms presents unique challenges and opportunities for global malaria control and eradication efforts.
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Kebede AM, Sutanto E, Trimarsanto H, Benavente ED, Barnes M, Pearson RD, Siegel SV, Erko B, Assefa A, Getachew S, Aseffa A, Petros B, Lo E, Mohammed R, Yilma D, Rumaseb A, Nosten F, Noviyanti R, Rayner JC, Kwiatkowski DP, Price RN, Golassa L, Auburn S. Genomic analysis of Plasmodium vivax describes patterns of connectivity and putative drivers of adaptation in Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20788. [PMID: 38012191 PMCID: PMC10682486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47889-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethiopia has the greatest burden of Plasmodium vivax in Africa, but little is known about the epidemiological landscape of parasites across the country. We analysed the genomic diversity of 137 P. vivax isolates collected nine Ethiopian districts from 2012 to 2016. Signatures of selection were detected by cross-country comparisons with isolates from Thailand (n = 104) and Indonesia (n = 111), representing regions with low and high chloroquine resistance respectively. 26% (35/137) of Ethiopian infections were polyclonal, and 48.5% (17/35) of these comprised highly related clones (within-host identity-by-descent > 25%), indicating frequent co-transmission and superinfection. Parasite gene flow between districts could not be explained entirely by geographic distance, with economic and cultural factors hypothesised to have an impact on connectivity. Amplification of the duffy binding protein gene (pvdbp1) was prevalent across all districts (16-75%). Cross-population haplotype homozygosity revealed positive selection in a region proximal to the putative chloroquine resistance transporter gene (pvcrt-o). An S25P variant in amino acid transporter 1 (pvaat1), whose homologue has recently been implicated in P. falciparum chloroquine resistance evolution, was prevalent in Ethiopia (96%) but not Thailand or Indonesia (35-53%). The genomic architecture in Ethiopia highlights circulating variants of potential public health concern in an endemic setting with evidence of stable transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hidayat Trimarsanto
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, PO Box 41096, Darwin, NT, 0811, Australia
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ernest Diez Benavente
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mariana Barnes
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, PO Box 41096, Darwin, NT, 0811, Australia
| | | | | | - Berhanu Erko
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ashenafi Assefa
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Getachew
- Armauer Hansen Research Unit (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Millipore Sigma (Bioreliance), Rockville, USA
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Unit (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Eugenia Lo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Daniel Yilma
- Jimma University Clinical Trial Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Angela Rumaseb
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, PO Box 41096, Darwin, NT, 0811, Australia
| | - Francois Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Julian C Rayner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ric N Price
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, PO Box 41096, Darwin, NT, 0811, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lemu Golassa
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sarah Auburn
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, PO Box 41096, Darwin, NT, 0811, Australia.
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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10
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Sutanto E, Pava Z, Echeverry DF, Lopera-Mesa TM, Montenegro LM, Yasnot-Acosta MF, Benavente ED, Pearson RD, Herrera S, Arévalo-Herrera M, Trimarsanto H, Rumaseb A, Noviyanti R, Kwiatkowski DP, Price RN, Auburn S. Genomics of Plasmodium vivax in Colombia reveals evidence of local bottle-necking and inter-country connectivity in the Americas. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19779. [PMID: 37957271 PMCID: PMC10643449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colombia aims to eliminate malaria by 2030 but remains one of the highest burden countries in the Americas. Plasmodium vivax contributes half of all malaria cases, with its control challenged by relapsing parasitaemia, drug resistance and cross-border spread. Using 64 Colombian P. vivax genomes collected between 2013 and 2017, we explored diversity and selection in two major foci of transmission: Chocó and Córdoba. Open-access data from other countries were used for comparative assessment of drug resistance candidates and to assess cross-border spread. Across Colombia, polyclonal infections were infrequent (12%), and infection connectivity was relatively high (median IBD = 5%), consistent with low endemicity. Chocó exhibited a higher frequency of polyclonal infections (23%) than Córdoba (7%), although the difference was not significant (P = 0.300). Most Colombian infections carried double pvdhfr (95%) and single pvdhps (71%) mutants, but other drug resistance mutations were less prevalent (< 10%). There was no evidence of selection at the pvaat1 gene, whose P. falciparum orthologue has recently been implicated in chloroquine resistance. Global population comparisons identified other putative adaptations. Within the Americas, low-level connectivity was observed between Colombia and Peru, highlighting potential for cross-border spread. Our findings demonstrate the potential of molecular data to inform on infection spread and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zuleima Pava
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Diego F Echeverry
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- International Training and Medical Research Center (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | - Maria F Yasnot-Acosta
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas y Biomédicas de Córdoba (GIMBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Monteria, Colombia
| | - Ernest Diez Benavente
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Myriam Arévalo-Herrera
- Caucaseco Scientific Research Center, Cali, Colombia
- Centro Internacional de Vacunas, Cali, Colombia
| | - Hidayat Trimarsanto
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Angela Rumaseb
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | | | | | - Ric N Price
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Auburn
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia.
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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11
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Ding H, Dong Y, Deng Y, Xu Y, Liu Y, Wu J, Chen M, Zhang C, Liu L, Lin Y. Molecular surveillance of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium vivax isolates from malaria cases in Yunnan Province of China using pvcrt-o gene polymorphisms. Malar J 2023; 22:338. [PMID: 37940956 PMCID: PMC10631137 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of chloroquine treatment for vivax malaria has been rarely evaluated due to a lack of an appropriate testing method. The objective of this study was to conduct molecular monitoring of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium vivax strains from vivax malaria patients in Yunnan Province, focusing on the analysis of polymorphism in the P. vivax chloroquine resistance transporter protein orthologous gene (pvcrt-o). METHODS In accordance with the principles of a cohort study, blood samples were collected from malaria cases diagnosed with a P. vivax mono-infection in Yunnan Province from 2020 to 2022. Segmental PCR was used to amplify the whole pvcrt-o gene in the blood samples and their products were subsequently sequenced. The sequencing data were arranged to obtain the full coding DNA sequence (CDS) as well as the gene's promoter region sequences. The CDSs were aligned with the reference sequence (XM_001613407.1) of the P. vivax SalI isolate to identify the mutant loci. RESULTS From a total of 375 blood samples taken from vivax malaria cases, 272 both whole gene CDSs (1272-1275 bp) and promoter DNA sequences (707 bp) of pvcrt-o gene were obtained. Among the whole CDSs, there were 7 single nucleotide polymorphic sites in which c.7 A>G was the minor allele frequency (MAF) site with 4.4% (12/272) detection rate. The mutation detection rate showed a significant decrease from 9.8% (10/102) in 2020 to 1.1% (1/92) in 2021 and 1.3% (1/78) in 2022, indicating statistical significance (χ2 = 11.256, P < 0.05). Among the identified 12 haplotypes, the majority of which were wild type (75.7%; 206/272). These four mutant haplotypes (Hap_3, Hap_5, Hap_9, and Hap_10) were classified as "K10 insertion type" and accounted for 12.1% (33/272). The detection rate of Hap_3 increased from 1.0% (1/102) in 2020 to 13.0% (12/92) in 2021 and 14.1% (11/78) in 2022, indicating statistical significance. A total of 23.8% (65/272) of the samples exhibited 14 bp (bp) deletions in the promoter region, occurring most frequently in the wild type haplotype (Hap_1) samples at a rate of 28.6% (59/206). CONCLUSIONS In recent years in Yunnan Province, a notable proportion of vivax malaria patients are infected by P. vivax strains with a "K10 insertion" and partial sequence deletions in the promoter region of the pvcrt-o gene, necessitating vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Ding
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Pu'er, 665000, China.
| | - Yan Deng
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Yanchun Xu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Mengni Chen
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Canglin Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Li Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yingkun Lin
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dehong, 678499, China.
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12
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Rumaseb A, Moraes Barros RR, Sá JM, Juliano JJ, William T, Braima KA, Barber BE, Anstey NM, Price RN, Grigg MJ, Marfurt J, Auburn S. No Association between the Plasmodium vivax crt-o MS334 or In9 pvcrt Polymorphisms and Chloroquine Failure in a Pre-Elimination Clinical Cohort from Malaysia with a Large Clonal Expansion. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0161022. [PMID: 37314336 PMCID: PMC10353443 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01610-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing reports of resistance to a frontline malaria blood-stage treatment, chloroquine (CQ), raises concerns for the elimination of Plasmodium vivax. The absence of an effective molecular marker of CQ resistance in P. vivax greatly constrains surveillance of this emerging threat. A recent genetic cross between CQ sensitive (CQS) and CQ resistant (CQR) NIH-1993 strains of P. vivax linked a moderate CQR phenotype with two candidate markers in P. vivax CQ resistance transporter gene (pvcrt-o): MS334 and In9pvcrt. Longer TGAAGH motif lengths at MS334 were associated with CQ resistance, as were shorter motifs at the In9pvcrt locus. In this study, high-grade CQR clinical isolates of P. vivax from a low endemic setting in Malaysia were used to investigate the association between the MS334 and In9pvcrt variants and treatment efficacy. Among a total of 49 independent monoclonal P. vivax isolates assessed, high-quality MS334 and In9pvcrt sequences could be derived from 30 (61%) and 23 (47%), respectively. Five MS334 and six In9pvcrt alleles were observed, with allele frequencies ranging from 2 to 76% and 3 to 71%, respectively. None of the clinical isolates had the same variant as the NIH-1993 CQR strain, and none of the variants were associated with CQ treatment failure (all P > 0.05). Multi-locus genotypes (MLGs) at 9 neutral microsatellites revealed a predominant P. vivax strain (MLG6) accounting for 52% of Day 0 infections. The MLG6 strain comprised equal proportions of CQS and CQR infections. Our study reveals complexity in the genetic basis of CQ resistance in the Malaysian P. vivax pre-elimination setting and suggests that the proposed pvcrt-o MS334 and In9pvcrt markers are not reliable markers of CQ treatment efficacy in this setting. Further studies are needed in other endemic settings, applying hypothesis-free genome-wide approaches, and functional approaches to understand the biological impact of the TGAAGH repeats linked to CQ response in a cross are warranted to comprehend and track CQR P. vivax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rumaseb
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Roberto R. Moraes Barros
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana M. Sá
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Juliano
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy William
- Clinical Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Kamil A. Braima
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Bridget E. Barber
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicholas M. Anstey
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ric N. Price
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Matthew J. Grigg
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Jutta Marfurt
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Sarah Auburn
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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13
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Salimo ZM, Barros AL, Adrião AAX, Rodrigues AM, Sartim MA, de Oliveira IS, Pucca MB, Baia-da-Silva DC, Monteiro WM, de Melo GC, Koolen HHF. Toxins from Animal Venoms as a Potential Source of Antimalarials: A Comprehensive Review. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:375. [PMID: 37368676 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15060375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium spp. and it is mainly transmitted to humans by female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. Malaria is an important global public health problem due to its high rates of morbidity and mortality. At present, drug therapies and vector control with insecticides are respectively the most commonly used methods for the treatment and control of malaria. However, several studies have shown the resistance of Plasmodium to drugs that are recommended for the treatment of malaria. In view of this, it is necessary to carry out studies to discover new antimalarial molecules as lead compounds for the development of new medicines. In this sense, in the last few decades, animal venoms have attracted attention as a potential source for new antimalarial molecules. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize animal venom toxins with antimalarial activity found in the literature. From this research, 50 isolated substances, 4 venom fractions and 7 venom extracts from animals such as anurans, spiders, scorpions, snakes, and bees were identified. These toxins act as inhibitors at different key points in the biological cycle of Plasmodium and may be important in the context of the resistance of Plasmodium to currently available antimalarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeca M Salimo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 69040-000, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69065-001, Brazil
| | - André L Barros
- Setor de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus 69058-030, Brazil
| | - Asenate A X Adrião
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69065-001, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia-Rede BIONORTE, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69065-001, Brazil
| | - Aline M Rodrigues
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69065-001, Brazil
| | - Marco A Sartim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia-Rede BIONORTE, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69065-001, Brazil
- Pro-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus 69058-030, Brazil
| | - Isadora S de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Manuela B Pucca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista 69317-810, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista 69317-810, Brazil
| | - Djane C Baia-da-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 69040-000, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus 69058-030, Brazil
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manaus 69057-070, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69080-900, Brazil
| | - Wuelton M Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 69040-000, Brazil
| | - Gisely C de Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 69040-000, Brazil
| | - Hector H F Koolen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69065-001, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia-Rede BIONORTE, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69065-001, Brazil
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14
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Ward KE, Christensen P, Racklyeft A, Dhingra SK, Chua ACY, Remmert C, Suwanarusk R, Matheson J, Blackman MJ, Kaneko O, Kyle DE, Lee MCS, Moon RW, Snounou G, Rénia L, Fidock DA, Russell B, Bifani P. Integrative Genetic Manipulation of Plasmodium cynomolgi Reveals Multidrug Resistance-1 Y976F Associated With Increased In Vitro Susceptibility to Mefloquine. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:1121-1126. [PMID: 36478252 PMCID: PMC10175063 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of a long-term in vitro culture method has severely restricted the study of Plasmodium vivax, in part because it limits genetic manipulation and reverse genetics. We used the recently optimized Plasmodium cynomolgi Berok in vitro culture model to investigate the putative P. vivax drug resistance marker MDR1 Y976F. Introduction of this mutation using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) increased sensitivity to mefloquine, but had no significant effect on sensitivity to chloroquine, amodiaquine, piperaquine, and artesunate. To our knowledge, this is the first reported use of CRISPR-Cas9 in P. cynomolgi, and the first reported integrative genetic manipulation of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt E Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Peter Christensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Annie Racklyeft
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Satish K Dhingra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adeline C Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caroline Remmert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rossarin Suwanarusk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jessica Matheson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Blackman
- Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Osamu Kaneko
- Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Dennis E Kyle
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Marcus C S Lee
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W Moon
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georges Snounou
- 11-INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Department, Institut de biologie François Jacob, Direction de Recherche Fondamentale, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives-Université Paris Sud, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurent Rénia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David A Fidock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bruce Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Pablo Bifani
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Indradi RB, Muhaimin M, Barliana MI, Khatib A. Potential Plant-Based New Antiplasmodial Agent Used in Papua Island, Indonesia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091813. [PMID: 37176870 PMCID: PMC10181418 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to antimalarial medicine remains a threat to the global effort for malaria eradication. The World Health Organization recently reported that artemisinin partial resistance, which was defined as delayed parasite clearance, was detected in Southeast Asia, particularly in the Greater Mekong subregion, and in Africa, particularly in Rwanda and Uganda. Therefore, the discovery of a potential new drug is important to overcome emerging drug resistance. Natural products have played an important role in drug development over the centuries, including the development of antimalarial drugs, with most of it influenced by traditional use. Recent research on traditional medicine used as an antimalarial treatment on Papua Island, Indonesia, reported that 72 plant species have been used as traditional medicine, with Alstonia scholaris, Carica papaya, Andrographis paniculata, and Physalis minima as the most frequently used medicinal plants. This review aimed to highlight the current research status of these plants for potential novel antiplasmodial development. In conclusion, A. paniculata has the highest potential to be developed as an antiplasmodial, and its extract and known bioactive isolate andrographolide posed strong activity both in vitro and in vivo. A. scholaris and C. papaya also have the potential to be further investigated as both have good potential for their antiplasmodial activities in vivo. However, P. minima is a less studied medicinal plant; nevertheless, it opens the opportunity to explore the potential of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raden Bayu Indradi
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Center of Herbal Study, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Muhaimin Muhaimin
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Center of Herbal Study, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Melisa Intan Barliana
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
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16
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Pandey SK, Anand U, Siddiqui WA, Tripathi R. Drug Development Strategies for Malaria: With the Hope for New Antimalarial Drug Discovery—An Update. Adv Med 2023; 2023:5060665. [PMID: 36960081 PMCID: PMC10030226 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5060665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria continued to be a deadly situation for the people of tropical and subtropical countries. Although there has been a marked reduction in new cases as well as mortality and morbidity rates in the last two decades, the reporting of malaria caused 247 million cases and 619000 deaths worldwide in 2021, according to the WHO (2022). The development of drug resistance and declining efficacy against most of the antimalarial drugs/combination in current clinical practice is a big challenge for the scientific community, and in the absence of an effective vaccine, the problem becomes worse. Experts from various research organizations worldwide are continuously working hard to stop this disaster by employing several strategies for the development of new antimalarial drugs/combinations. The current review focuses on the history of antimalarial drug discovery and the advantages, loopholes, and opportunities associated with the common strategies being followed for antimalarial drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaroop Kumar Pandey
- 1Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Uttpal Anand
- 2Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Waseem A. Siddiqui
- 3Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Renu Tripathi
- 4Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
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17
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Ibrahim A, Manko E, Dombrowski JG, Campos M, Benavente ED, Nolder D, Sutherland CJ, Nosten F, Fernandez D, Vélez-Tobón G, Castaño AT, Aguiar ACC, Pereira DB, da Silva Santos S, Suarez-Mutis M, Di Santi SM, Regina de Souza Baptista A, Dantas Machado RL, Marinho CR, Clark TG, Campino S. Population-based genomic study of Plasmodium vivax malaria in seven Brazilian states and across South America. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2023; 18:100420. [PMID: 36844008 PMCID: PMC9950661 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2022.100420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Brazil is a unique and understudied setting for malaria, with complex foci of transmission associated with human and environmental conditions. An understanding of the population genomic diversity of P. vivax parasites across Brazil can support malaria control strategies. Methods Through whole genome sequencing of P. vivax isolates across 7 Brazilian states, we use population genomic approaches to compare genetic diversity within country (n = 123), continent (6 countries, n = 315) and globally (26 countries, n = 885). Findings We confirm that South American isolates are distinct, have more ancestral populations than the other global regions, with differentiating mutations in genes under selective pressure linked to antimalarial drugs (pvmdr1, pvdhfr-ts) and mosquito vectors (pvcrmp3, pvP45/48, pvP47). We demonstrate Brazil as a distinct parasite population, with signals of selection including ABC transporter (PvABCI3) and PHIST exported proteins. Interpretation Brazil has a complex population structure, with evidence of P. simium infections and Amazonian parasites separating into multiple clusters. Overall, our work provides the first Brazil-wide analysis of P. vivax population structure and identifies important mutations, which can inform future research and control measures. Funding AI is funded by an MRC LiD PhD studentship. TGC is funded by the Medical Research Council (Grant no. MR/M01360X/1, MR/N010469/1, MR/R025576/1, MR/R020973/1 and MR/X005895/1). SC is funded by Medical Research Council UK grants (MR/M01360X/1, MR/R025576/1, MR/R020973/1 and MR/X005895/1) and Bloomsbury SET (ref. CCF17-7779). FN is funded by The Shloklo Malaria Research Unit - part of the Mahidol Oxford Research Unit, supported by the Wellcome Trust (Grant no. 220211). ARSB is funded by São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP (Grant no. 2002/09546-1). RLDM is funded by Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq (Grant no. 302353/2003-8 and 471605/2011-5); CRFM is funded by FAPESP (Grant no. 2020/06747-4) and CNPq (Grant no. 302917/2019-5 and 408636/2018-1); JGD is funded by FAPESP fellowships (2016/13465-0 and 2019/12068-5) and CNPq (Grant no. 409216/2018-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Ibrahim
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene
& Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Emilia Manko
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene
& Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jamille G. Dombrowski
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University
of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mónica Campos
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene
& Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ernest Diez Benavente
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene
& Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Debbie Nolder
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene
& Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Public Health England Malaria Reference Laboratory, London School of
Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Colin J. Sutherland
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene
& Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Public Health England Malaria Reference Laboratory, London School of
Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Francois Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research
Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Tak,
Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of
Clinical Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford Old Road Campus,
Oxford, UK
| | - Diana Fernandez
- Grupo Malaria, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Antioquia,
Colombia
| | - Gabriel Vélez-Tobón
- Grupo Malaria, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Antioquia,
Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Simone da Silva Santos
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Institute Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz-
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martha Suarez-Mutis
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Institute Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz-
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Regina de Souza Baptista
- Centro de Investigação de Microrganismos – CIM, Departamento de
Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense,
Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luiz Dantas Machado
- Centro de Investigação de Microrganismos – CIM, Departamento de
Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense,
Brazil
| | - Claudio R.F. Marinho
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University
of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taane G. Clark
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene
& Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene
& Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Susana Campino
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene
& Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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18
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Foko LPK, Narang G, Tamang S, Hawadak J, Jakhan J, Sharma A, Singh V. The spectrum of clinical biomarkers in severe malaria and new avenues for exploration. Virulence 2022; 13:634-653. [PMID: 36036460 PMCID: PMC9427047 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2056966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, malaria is a public health concern, with severe malaria (SM) contributing a major share of the disease burden in malaria endemic countries. In this context, identification and validation of SM biomarkers are essential in clinical practice. Some biomarkers (C-reactive protein, angiopoietin 2, angiopoietin-2/1 ratio, platelet count, histidine-rich protein 2) have yielded interesting results in the prognosis of Plasmodium falciparum severe malaria, but for severe P. vivax and P. knowlesi malaria, similar evidence is missing. The validation of these biomarkers is hindered by several factors such as low sample size, paucity of evidence-evaluating studies, suboptimal values of sensitivity/specificity, poor clinical practicality of measurement methods, mixed Plasmodium infections, and good clinical value of the biomarkers for concurrent infections (pneumonia and current COVID-19 pandemic). Most of these biomarkers are non-specific to pathogens as they are related to host response and hence should be regarded as prognostic/predictive biomarkers that complement but do not replace pathogen biomarkers for clinical evaluation of SM patients. This review highlights the importance of research on diagnostic/predictive/therapeutic biomarkers, neglected malaria species, and clinical practicality of measurement methods in future studies. Finally, the importance of omics technologies for faster identification/validation of SM biomarkers is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loick Pradel Kojom Foko
- Parasite and Host Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Geetika Narang
- Parasite and Host Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Suman Tamang
- Parasite and Host Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Joseph Hawadak
- Parasite and Host Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Jahnvi Jakhan
- Parasite and Host Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Parasite and Host Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India.,Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- Parasite and Host Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This is a review of Plasmodium vivax epidemiology, pathogenesis, disease presentation, treatment and innovations in control and elimination. Here, we examine the recent literature and summarize new advances and ongoing challenges in the management of P. vivax . RECENT FINDINGS P. vivax has a complex life cycle in the human host which impacts disease severity and treatment regimens. There is increasing data for the presence of cryptic reservoirs in the spleen and bone marrow which may contribute to chronic vivax infections and possibly disease severity. Methods to map the geospatial epidemiology of P. vivax chloroquine resistance are advancing, and they will inform local treatment guidelines. P. vivax treatment requires an 8-aminoquinoline to eradicate the dormant liver stage. Evidence suggests that higher doses of 8-aminoquinolines may be needed for radical cure of tropical frequent-relapsing strains. SUMMARY P. vivax is a significant global health problem. There have been recent developments in understanding the complexity of P. vivax biology and optimization of antimalarial therapy. Studies toward the development of best practices for P. vivax control and elimination programs are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Khan
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Johanna P. Daily
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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20
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Kaur D, Sinha S, Sehgal R. Global scenario of Plasmodium vivax occurrence and resistance pattern. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:1417-1428. [PMID: 36125207 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax is comparatively less virulent than Plasmodium falciparum, which can also lead to severe disease and death. It shows a wide geographical distribution. Chloroquine serves as a drug of choice, with primaquine as a radical cure. However, with the appearance of resistance to chloroquine and treatment has been shifted to artemisinin combination therapy followed by primaquine as a radical cure. Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, mefloquine, and atovaquone-proguanil are other drugs of choice in chloroquine-resistant areas, and later resistance was soon reported for these drugs also. The emergence of drug resistance serves as a major hurdle to controlling and eliminating malaria. The discovery of robust molecular markers and regular surveillance for the presence of mutations in malaria-endemic areas would serve as a helpful tool to combat drug resistance. Here, in this review, we will discuss the endemicity of P. vivax, a historical overview of antimalarial drugs, the appearance of drug resistance and molecular markers with their global distribution along with different measures taken to reduce malaria burden due to P. vivax infection and their resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinder Kaur
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shweta Sinha
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rakesh Sehgal
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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21
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Kattenberg JH, Nguyen HV, Nguyen HL, Sauve E, Nguyen NTH, Chopo-Pizarro A, Trimarsanto H, Monsieurs P, Guetens P, Nguyen XX, Esbroeck MV, Auburn S, Nguyen BTH, Rosanas-Urgell A. Novel highly-multiplexed AmpliSeq targeted assay for Plasmodium vivax genetic surveillance use cases at multiple geographical scales. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:953187. [PMID: 36034708 PMCID: PMC9403277 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.953187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the power of genetic surveillance tools has been acknowledged widely, there is an urgent need in malaria endemic countries for feasible and cost-effective tools to implement in national malaria control programs (NMCPs) that can generate evidence to guide malaria control and elimination strategies, especially in the case of Plasmodium vivax. Several genetic surveillance applications (‘use cases’) have been identified to align research, technology development, and public health efforts, requiring different types of molecular markers. Here we present a new highly-multiplexed deep sequencing assay (Pv AmpliSeq). The assay targets the 33-SNP vivaxGEN-geo panel for country-level classification, and a newly designed 42-SNP within-country barcode for analysis of parasite dynamics in Vietnam and 11 putative drug resistance genes in a highly multiplexed NGS protocol with easy workflow, applicable for many different genetic surveillance use cases. The Pv AmpliSeq assay was validated using: 1) isolates from travelers and migrants in Belgium, and 2) routine collections of the national malaria control program at sentinel sites in Vietnam. The assay targets 229 amplicons and achieved a high depth of coverage (mean 595.7 ± 481) and high accuracy (mean error-rate of 0.013 ± 0.007). P. vivax parasites could be characterized from dried blood spots with a minimum of 5 parasites/µL and 10% of minority-clones. The assay achieved good spatial specificity for between-country prediction of origin using the 33-SNP vivaxGEN-geo panel that targets rare alleles specific for certain countries and regions. A high resolution for within-country diversity in Vietnam was achieved using the designed 42-SNP within-country barcode that targets common alleles (median MAF 0.34, range 0.01-0.49. Many variants were detected in (putative) drug resistance genes, with different predominant haplotypes in the pvmdr1 and pvcrt genes in different provinces in Vietnam. The capacity of the assay for high resolution identity-by-descent (IBD) analysis was demonstrated and identified a high rate of shared ancestry within Gia Lai Province in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, as well as between the coastal province of Binh Thuan and Lam Dong. Our approach performed well in geographically differentiating isolates at multiple spatial scales, detecting variants in putative resistance genes, and can be easily adjusted to suit the needs in other settings in a country or region. We prioritize making this tool available to researchers and NMCPs in endemic countries to increase ownership and ensure data usage for decision-making and malaria policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Helena Kattenberg
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Johanna Helena Kattenberg, ; Anna Rosanas-Urgell,
| | - Hong Van Nguyen
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hieu Luong Nguyen
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Erin Sauve
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ngoc Thi Hong Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ana Chopo-Pizarro
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hidayat Trimarsanto
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Pieter Monsieurs
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Guetens
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Xa Xuan Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Marjan Van Esbroeck
- Clinical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Auburn
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Binh Thi Huong Nguyen
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anna Rosanas-Urgell
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Johanna Helena Kattenberg, ; Anna Rosanas-Urgell,
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22
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Hofer W, Oueis E, Fayad AA, Deschner F, Andreas A, de Carvalho LP, Hüttel S, Bernecker S, Pätzold L, Morgenstern B, Zaburannyi N, Bischoff M, Stadler M, Held J, Herrmann J, Müller R. Regio‐ and Stereoselective Epoxidation and Acidic Epoxide Opening of Antibacterial and Antiplasmodial Chlorotonils Yield Highly Potent Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202816. [PMID: 35485800 PMCID: PMC9400904 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance poses a severe threat to public health. The natural product chlorotonil was identified as a new antibiotic targeting multidrug resistant Gram‐positive pathogens and Plasmodium falciparum. Although chlorotonil shows promising activities, the scaffold is highly lipophilic and displays potential biological instabilities. Therefore, we strived towards improving its pharmaceutical properties by semisynthesis. We demonstrated stereoselective epoxidation of chlorotonils and epoxide ring opening in moderate to good yields providing derivatives with significantly enhanced solubility. Furthermore, in vivo stability of the derivatives was improved while retaining their nanomolar activity against critical human pathogens (e.g. methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and P. falciparum). Intriguingly, we showed further superb activity for the frontrunner molecule in a mouse model of S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Hofer
- Microbial Natural Products Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Braunschweig Germany
| | - Emilia Oueis
- Microbial Natural Products Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Department of Chemistry Khalifa University of Science and Technology 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
- American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine DTS Bldg, Second Floor, Room 215-B Beirut Lebanon
| | - Antoine Abou Fayad
- Microbial Natural Products Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Department of Experimental Pathology Immunology and Microbiology Center for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR) WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Bacterial Pathogens American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine DTS Bldg, Second Floor, Room 215-B Beirut Lebanon
| | - Felix Deschner
- Microbial Natural Products Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Braunschweig Germany
| | - Anastasia Andreas
- Microbial Natural Products Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Braunschweig Germany
| | - Laìs Pessanha de Carvalho
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Braunschweig Germany
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Wilhelmstraße 27 72074 Tübingen Germany
| | - Stephan Hüttel
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Braunschweig Germany
- Microbial Drugs Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) Inhoffenstraße 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Steffen Bernecker
- Microbial Drugs Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) Inhoffenstraße 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Linda Pätzold
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Saarland University 66421 Homburg Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Inorganic Solid State Chemistry Saarland University Campus 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Nestor Zaburannyi
- Microbial Natural Products Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Saarland University 66421 Homburg Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Braunschweig Germany
- Microbial Drugs Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) Inhoffenstraße 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Jana Held
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Braunschweig Germany
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Wilhelmstraße 27 72074 Tübingen Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné Lambaréné Gabon
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Microbial Natural Products Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Braunschweig Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Microbial Natural Products Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Braunschweig Germany
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Cravo P. On the contribution of the rodent model Plasmodium chabaudi for understanding the genetics of drug resistance in malaria. Parasitol Int 2022; 91:102623. [PMID: 35803536 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a devastating disease that still claims over half a million lives every year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. One of the main barriers to malaria control is the evolution and propagation of drug-resistant mutant parasites. Knowing the genes and respective mutations responsible for drug resistance facilitates the design of drugs with novel modes of action and allows predicting and monitoring drug resistance in natural parasite populations in real-time. The best way to identify these mutations is to experimentally evolve resistance to the drug in question and then comparing the genomes of the drug-resistant mutants to that of the sensitive progenitor parasites. This simple evolutive concept was the starting point for the development of a paradigm over the years, based on the use of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi to unravel the genetics of drug resistance in malaria. It involves the use of a cloned parasite isolate (P. chabaudi AS) whose genome is well characterized, to artificially select resistance to given drugs through serial passages in mice under slowly increasing drug pressure. The end resulting parasites are cloned and the genetic mutations are then discovered through Linkage Group Selection, a technique conceived by Prof. Richard Carter and his group, and/or Whole Genome Sequencing. The precise role of these mutations can then be interrogated in malaria parasites of humans through allelic replacement experiments and/or genotype-phenotype association studies in natural parasite populations. Using this paradigm, all the mutations underlying resistance to the most important antimalarial drugs were identified, most of which were pioneering and later shown to also play a role in drug resistance in natural infections of human malaria parasites. This supports the use of P. chabaudi a fast-track predictive model to identify candidate genetic markers of resistance to present and future antimalarial drugs and improving our understanding of the biology of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cravo
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira, n° 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal.
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24
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Gao P, Liu YQ, Xiao W, Xia F, Chen JY, Gu LW, Yang F, Zheng LH, Zhang JZ, Zhang Q, Li ZJ, Meng YQ, Zhu YP, Tang H, Shi QL, Guo QY, Zhang Y, Xu CC, Dai LY, Wang JG. Identification of antimalarial targets of chloroquine by a combined deconvolution strategy of ABPP and MS-CETSA. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:30. [PMID: 35698214 PMCID: PMC9195458 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is a devastating infectious disease that disproportionally threatens hundreds of millions of people in developing countries. In the history of anti-malaria campaign, chloroquine (CQ) has played an indispensable role, however, its mechanism of action (MoA) is not fully understood. METHODS We used the principle of photo-affinity labeling and click chemistry-based functionalization in the design of a CQ probe and developed a combined deconvolution strategy of activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) and mass spectrometry-coupled cellular thermal shift assay (MS-CETSA) that identified the protein targets of CQ in an unbiased manner in this study. The interactions between CQ and these identified potential protein hits were confirmed by biophysical and enzymatic assays. RESULTS We developed a novel clickable, photo-affinity chloroquine analog probe (CQP) which retains the antimalarial activity in the nanomole range, and identified a total of 40 proteins that specifically interacted and photo-crosslinked with CQP which was inhibited in the presence of excess CQ. Using MS-CETSA, we identified 83 candidate interacting proteins out of a total of 3375 measured parasite proteins. At the same time, we identified 8 proteins as the most potential hits which were commonly identified by both methods. CONCLUSIONS We found that CQ could disrupt glycolysis and energy metabolism of malarial parasites through direct binding with some of the key enzymes, a new mechanism that is different from its well-known inhibitory effect of hemozoin formation. This is the first report of identifying CQ antimalarial targets by a parallel usage of labeled (ABPP) and label-free (MS-CETSA) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yan-Qing Liu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jia-Yun Chen
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Li-Wei Gu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Liu-Hai Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Zhe Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Li
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Qing Meng
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yong-Ping Zhu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Huan Tang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qiao-Li Shi
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Guo
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Cheng-Chao Xu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Ling-Yun Dai
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China. .,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
| | - Ji-Gang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China. .,Department of Geriatrics, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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25
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Khattak AA, Awan UA, Nadeem MF, Yaqoob A, Kamran S. Antimalarial drug resistance—is it time to re-evaluate Plasmodium falciparum orthologous genes? THE LANCET MICROBE 2022; 3:e472-e473. [PMID: 35605623 PMCID: PMC9122539 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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26
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Müller R, Hofer W, Oueis E, Abou Fayad A, Deschner F, Andreas A, de Carvalho LP, Hüttel S, Bernecker S, Pätzold L, Morgenstern B, Zaburannyi N, Bischoff M, Stadler M, Held J, Herrmann J. Regio‐ and Stereoselective Epoxidation and Acidic Epoxide Opening of Antibacterial and Antiplasmodial Chlorotonils Yield Highly Potent Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland Microbial Natural Products Campus Building E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken GERMANY
| | - Walter Hofer
- Helmholtz-Institut fur Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland Microbial Natural Products Campus Building E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken GERMANY
| | - Emilia Oueis
- Khalifa University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry 127788 Abu Dhabi UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
| | - Antoine Abou Fayad
- American University of Beirut Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Beirut LEBANON
| | - Felix Deschner
- Helmholtz-Institut fur Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland Microbial Natural Products Campus Building E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken GERMANY
| | - Anastasia Andreas
- Helmholtz-Institut fur Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland Microbial Natural Products Campus Building E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken GERMANY
| | - Laìs Pessanha de Carvalho
- University of Tübingen: Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen Institute of Tropical Medicine Wilhelmstraße 27 72074 Tübingen GERMANY
| | - Stephan Hüttel
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research: Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Infektionsforschung GmbH Microbial Drugs Inhoffenstraße 7 38124 Braunschweig GERMANY
| | - Steffen Bernecker
- HZI: Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Infektionsforschung GmbH Microbial Drugs Inhoffenstraße 7 38124 Braunschweig GERMANY
| | - Linda Pätzold
- Universität des Saarlandes: Universitat des Saarlandes Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene 66421 Homburg GERMANY
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Universität des Saarlandes: Universitat des Saarlandes Inorganic Solid State Chemistry 66123 Saarbrücken GERMANY
| | - Nestor Zaburannyi
- Helmholtz-Institut fur Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland Microbial Natural Products 66123 Saarbrücken GERMANY
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Universität des Saarlandes: Universitat des Saarlandes Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene 66421 Homburg GERMANY
| | - Marc Stadler
- HZI: Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Infektionsforschung GmbH Microbial Drugs Inhoffenstraße 7 38124 Braunschweig GERMANY
| | - Jana Held
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen: Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen Institute of Tropical Medicine Wilhelmstraße 27 72074 Tübingen GERMANY
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Helmholtz-Institut fur Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland Microbial Natural Products Campus Building E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken GERMANY
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27
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Huang F, Li S, Tian P, Pu LJS, Cui Y, Liu H, Yang L, Bi DY. Genetic polymorphisms in genes associated with drug resistance in Plasmodium vivax parasites from northeastern Myanmar. Malar J 2022; 21:66. [PMID: 35241080 PMCID: PMC8892751 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-malarial drug resistance is still a major threat to malaria elimination in the Great Mekong Sub-region. Plasmodium vivax parasites resistant to anti-malarial drugs are now found in Myanmar. Molecular surveillance on drug resistance genes in P. vivax parasites from northeastern Myanmar was aimed at estimating the underlying drug resistance in this region. Methods Blood samples from patients with vivax malaria were collected from Laiza city in northeastern Myanmar in 2020. Drug resistance genes including Pvcrt-o, Pvmdr1, Pvdhfr and Pvdhps were amplified and sequenced. Genetic polymorphisms and haplotypes were analysed to evaluate the prevalence of mutant alleles associated with drug resistance. Results A total of 149 blood samples from P. vivax patients were collected. The prevalence of Pvmdr1 mutations at codons 958 and 1076 was 100.0% and 52.0%, respectively, whereas no single nucleotide polymorphism was present at codon 976. The proportions of single and double mutant types were 48.0% and 52.0%, respectively. A K10 “AAG” insertion in the Pvcrt-o gene was not detected. Mutations in Pvdhfr at codons 57, 58, 61, 99 and 117 were detected in 29.9%, 54.3%, 27.6%, 44.9% and 55.1% of the samples, respectively. Wild type was predominant (46.3%), followed by quadruple and double mutant haplotypes. Of three types of tandem repeat variations of Pvdhfr, Type B, with three copies of GGDN repeats, was the most common. Pvdhps mutations were only detected at codons 383 and 553 and the wild type Pvdhps was dominant (78.0%). Eleven haplotypes were identified when combining the mutations of Pvdhfr and Pvdhps, among which the predominant one was the wild type (33.9%), followed by double mutant alleles S58R/S117N /WT (24.6%). Conclusions This study demonstrated resistant P. vivax phenotypes exists in northeastern Myanmar. Continued surveillance of drug resistance markers is needed to update treatment guidelines in this region. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-022-04084-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China. .,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai, China. .,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shigang Li
- Yingjiang County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yingjiang, Yunnan, China
| | - Peng Tian
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Pu'er, Yunnan, China
| | | | - Yanwen Cui
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Pu'er, Yunnan, China
| | - Lianzhi Yang
- Nabang Township Hospital, Yingjiang, Yunnan, China
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28
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Weitzman R, Calfon-Peretz O, Saha T, Bloch N, Ben Zaken K, Rosenfeld A, Amitay M, Samson AO. Resistance to Antimalarial Monotherapy Is Cyclic. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030781. [PMID: 35160232 PMCID: PMC8836566 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a prevalent parasitic disease that is estimated to kill between one and two million people-mostly children-every year. Here, we query PubMed for malaria drug resistance and plot the yearly citations of 14 common antimalarials. Remarkably, most antimalarial drugs display cyclic resistance patterns, rising and falling over four decades. The antimalarial drugs that exhibit cyclic resistance are quinine, chloroquine, mefloquine, amodiaquine, artesunate, artemether, sulfadoxine, doxycycline, halofantrine, piperaquine, pyrimethamine, atovaquone, artemisinin, and dihydroartemisinin. Exceptionally, the resistance of the two latter drugs can also correlate with a linear rise. Our predicted antimalarial drug resistance is consistent with clinical data reported by the Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN) and validates our methodology. Notably, the cyclical resistance suggests that most antimalarial drugs are sustainable in the end. Furthermore, cyclic resistance is clinically relevant and discourages routine monotherapy, in particular, while resistance is on the rise. Finally, cyclic resistance encourages the combination of antimalarial drugs at distinct phases of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Weitzman
- Bioinformatic Department, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem 9372115, Israel; (R.W.); (O.C.-P.); (M.A.)
- Drug Discovery Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (T.S.); (N.B.); (K.B.Z.)
| | - Ortal Calfon-Peretz
- Bioinformatic Department, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem 9372115, Israel; (R.W.); (O.C.-P.); (M.A.)
- Drug Discovery Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (T.S.); (N.B.); (K.B.Z.)
| | - Trishna Saha
- Drug Discovery Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (T.S.); (N.B.); (K.B.Z.)
| | - Naamah Bloch
- Drug Discovery Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (T.S.); (N.B.); (K.B.Z.)
| | - Karin Ben Zaken
- Drug Discovery Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (T.S.); (N.B.); (K.B.Z.)
| | - Avi Rosenfeld
- Department of Computer Science, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem 9372115, Israel;
| | - Moshe Amitay
- Bioinformatic Department, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem 9372115, Israel; (R.W.); (O.C.-P.); (M.A.)
| | - Abraham O. Samson
- Drug Discovery Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (T.S.); (N.B.); (K.B.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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29
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Soe MT, Aung PL, Nyunt MH, Sein MM, Cho C, Yang Z, Menezes L, Parker DM, Kyaw MP, Cui L. Therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine for uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria in southeastern and western border areas of Myanmar. Infection 2022; 50:681-688. [PMID: 35034327 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01739-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Greater Mekong Subregion of Southeast Asia, Plasmodium vivax malaria is endemic and causes significant morbidity. In this study, the efficacy of chloroquine for treating uncomplicated P. vivax malaria at the eastern and western borders of Myanmar was investigated. METHODS A total of 197 participants with microscopically confirmed P. vivax infection were enrolled from three townships of the southeastern (Thanbyuzayat and Kawthoung) and western (Kyauktaw) borders of Myanmar. Patients were treated with chloroquine according to the national malaria treatment guidelines and followed for 28 days. RESULTS Among the 197 enrollments, 172 completed the 28-day follow-up. Twelve recurrent P. vivax infections, all occurring in the third and fourth week, were detected, resulting in an overall cumulative rate of recurrence of 4.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-7.8]. The incidence rate of recurrence varied among the three sites. In Thanbyuzayat township, no patients had recurrent parasitemia between days 7 and 28. In contrast, Kyauktaw township had a day 28 cumulative incidence rate of recurrence of 7.2% (95% CI 0.6-13.9%) compared to 6.9% (95% CI 0.6-13.2) in Kawthoung township. CONCLUSION While this study confirmed the relatively high clinical efficacy of chloroquine for treating P. vivax in Myanmar with modest rates of recurrent infections within 28 days of the treatment, it also revealed considerable geographical heterogeneity of chloroquine efficacy, which warrants continuous surveillance efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myat Thu Soe
- Myanmar Health Network Organization, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | - Myat Htut Nyunt
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Myint Myint Sein
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine, Magway, Myanmar
| | - Cho Cho
- Myanmar Health Network Organization, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Zhaoqing Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lynette Menezes
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Boulevard, Suite 304, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Daniel M Parker
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | | | - Liwang Cui
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Boulevard, Suite 304, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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30
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Schwabl P, Neafsey DE. Molecular surveillance of malaria scales up. Trends Parasitol 2021; 37:1020-1021. [PMID: 34625343 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parasite and vector genetic data can guide malaria control, and technological advances are enabling more informative genetic data generation at unprecedented scales. Jacob et al. employ multiplexed amplicon sequencing to profile parasite genetic diversity from thousands of malaria samples, illuminating spatiotemporal patterns of drug resistance to inform regional drug policy change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schwabl
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel E Neafsey
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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31
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Gimenez AM, Marques RF, Regiart M, Bargieri DY. Diagnostic Methods for Non-Falciparum Malaria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:681063. [PMID: 34222049 PMCID: PMC8248680 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.681063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a serious public health problem that affects mostly the poorest countries in the world, killing more than 400,000 people per year, mainly children under 5 years old. Among the control and prevention strategies, the differential diagnosis of the Plasmodium-infecting species is an important factor for selecting a treatment and, consequently, for preventing the spread of the disease. One of the main difficulties for the detection of a specific Plasmodium sp is that most of the existing methods for malaria diagnosis focus on detecting P. falciparum. Thus, in many cases, the diagnostic methods neglect the other non-falciparum species and underestimate their prevalence and severity. Traditional methods for diagnosing malaria may present low specificity or sensitivity to non-falciparum spp. Therefore, there is high demand for new alternative methods able to differentiate Plasmodium species in a faster, cheaper and easier manner to execute. This review details the classical procedures and new perspectives of diagnostic methods for malaria non-falciparum differential detection and the possibilities of their application in different circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Marina Gimenez
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo F. Marques
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matías Regiart
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Youssef Bargieri
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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