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Lee HG, Lee JH, Flausino LE, Quintana FJ. Neuroinflammation: An astrocyte perspective. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadi7828. [PMID: 37939162 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi7828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play active roles in health and disease. Recent technologies have uncovered the functional heterogeneity of astrocytes and their extensive interactions with other cell types in the CNS. In this Review, we highlight the intricate interactions between astrocytes, other CNS-resident cells, and CNS-infiltrating cells as well as their potential therapeutic value in the context of inflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyun Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joon-Hyuk Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lucas E Flausino
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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2
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Kondegowda NG, Filipowska J, Do JS, Leon-Rivera N, Li R, Hampton R, Ogyaadu S, Levister C, Penninger JM, Reijonen H, Levy CJ, Vasavada RC. RANKL/RANK is required for cytokine-induced beta cell death; osteoprotegerin, a RANKL inhibitor, reverses rodent type 1 diabetes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf5238. [PMID: 37910614 PMCID: PMC10619938 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf5238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Treatment for type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires stimulation of functional β cell regeneration and survival under stress. Previously, we showed that inhibition of the RANKL/RANK [receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa Β (NF-κB) ligand] pathway, by osteoprotegerin and the anti-osteoporotic drug denosumab, induces rodent and human β cell proliferation. We demonstrate that the RANK pathway mediates cytokine-induced rodent and human β cell death through RANK-TRAF6 interaction and induction of NF-κB activation. Osteoprotegerin and denosumab protected β cells against this cytotoxicity. In human immune cells, osteoprotegerin and denosumab reduce proinflammatory cytokines in activated T-cells by inhibiting RANKL-induced activation of monocytes. In vivo, osteoprotegerin reversed recent-onset T1D in nonobese diabetic/Ltj mice, reduced insulitis, improved glucose homeostasis, and increased plasma insulin, β cell proliferation, and mass in these mice. Serum from T1D subjects induced human β cell death and dysfunction, but not α cell death. Osteoprotegerin and denosumab reduced T1D serum-induced β cell cytotoxicity and dysfunction. Inhibiting RANKL/RANK could have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagesha Guthalu Kondegowda
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joanna Filipowska
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jeong-su Do
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Nancy Leon-Rivera
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Rosemary Li
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rollie Hampton
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Selassie Ogyaadu
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Camilla Levister
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Josef M. Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Helena Reijonen
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Carol J. Levy
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rupangi C. Vasavada
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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3
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De Leon-Oliva D, Barrena-Blázquez S, Jiménez-Álvarez L, Fraile-Martinez O, García-Montero C, López-González L, Torres-Carranza D, García-Puente LM, Carranza ST, Álvarez-Mon MÁ, Álvarez-Mon M, Diaz R, Ortega MA. The RANK-RANKL-OPG System: A Multifaceted Regulator of Homeostasis, Immunity, and Cancer. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1752. [PMID: 37893470 PMCID: PMC10608105 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The RANK-RANKL-OPG system is a complex signaling pathway that plays a critical role in bone metabolism, mammary epithelial cell development, immune function, and cancer. RANKL is a ligand that binds to RANK, a receptor expressed on osteoclasts, dendritic cells, T cells, and other cells. RANKL signaling promotes osteoclast differentiation and activation, which leads to bone resorption. OPG is a decoy receptor that binds to RANKL and inhibits its signaling. In cancer cells, RANKL expression is often increased, which can lead to increased bone resorption and the development of bone metastases. RANKL-neutralizing antibodies, such as denosumab, have been shown to be effective in the treatment of skeletal-related events, including osteoporosis or bone metastases, and cancer. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the functions of the RANK-RANKL-OPG system in bone metabolism, mammary epithelial cells, immune function, and cancer, together with the potential therapeutic implications of the RANK-RANKL pathway for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego De Leon-Oliva
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (D.D.L.-O.); (S.B.-B.); (L.J.-Á.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (L.M.G.-P.); (S.T.C.); (M.Á.Á.-M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvestra Barrena-Blázquez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (D.D.L.-O.); (S.B.-B.); (L.J.-Á.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (L.M.G.-P.); (S.T.C.); (M.Á.Á.-M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Laura Jiménez-Álvarez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (D.D.L.-O.); (S.B.-B.); (L.J.-Á.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (L.M.G.-P.); (S.T.C.); (M.Á.Á.-M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Surgery Service, University Hospital Principe de Asturias, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (D.D.L.-O.); (S.B.-B.); (L.J.-Á.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (L.M.G.-P.); (S.T.C.); (M.Á.Á.-M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (D.D.L.-O.); (S.B.-B.); (L.J.-Á.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (L.M.G.-P.); (S.T.C.); (M.Á.Á.-M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura López-González
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
| | - Diego Torres-Carranza
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (D.D.L.-O.); (S.B.-B.); (L.J.-Á.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (L.M.G.-P.); (S.T.C.); (M.Á.Á.-M.); (M.Á.-M.)
| | - Luis M. García-Puente
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (D.D.L.-O.); (S.B.-B.); (L.J.-Á.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (L.M.G.-P.); (S.T.C.); (M.Á.Á.-M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara T. Carranza
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (D.D.L.-O.); (S.B.-B.); (L.J.-Á.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (L.M.G.-P.); (S.T.C.); (M.Á.Á.-M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (D.D.L.-O.); (S.B.-B.); (L.J.-Á.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (L.M.G.-P.); (S.T.C.); (M.Á.Á.-M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (D.D.L.-O.); (S.B.-B.); (L.J.-Á.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (L.M.G.-P.); (S.T.C.); (M.Á.Á.-M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology Service, University Hospital Principe de Asturias, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Raul Diaz
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Surgery Service, University Hospital Principe de Asturias, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (D.D.L.-O.); (S.B.-B.); (L.J.-Á.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (L.M.G.-P.); (S.T.C.); (M.Á.Á.-M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
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4
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de la Monte SM, Tong M, Hapel AJ. Concordant and Discordant Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Cytokine and Chemokine Responses in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2394. [PMID: 37760836 PMCID: PMC10525668 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation may be a pathogenic mediator and biomarker of neurodegeneration at the boundary between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether neuroinflammatory processes are endogenous to the central nervous system (CNS) or originate from systemic (peripheral blood) sources could impact strategies for therapeutic intervention. To address this issue, we measured cytokine and chemokine immunoreactivities in simultaneously obtained lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from 39 patients including 18 with MCI or early AD and 21 normal controls using a 27-plex XMAP bead-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The MCI/AD combined group had significant (p < 0.05 or better) or statistically trend-wise (0.05 ≤ p ≤ 0.10) concordant increases in CSF and serum IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, and TNF-α and reductions in GM-CSF, b-FGF, IL-6, IP-10, and MCP-1; CSF-only increases in IFN-y and IL-7 and reductions in VEGF and IL-12p70; serum-only increases in IL-1β, MIP-1α, and eotaxin and reductions in G-CSF, IL-2, IL-8 and IL-15; and discordant CSF-serum responses with reduced CSF and increased serum PDGF-bb, IL-17a, and RANTES. The results demonstrate simultaneously parallel mixed but modestly greater pro-inflammatory compared to anti-inflammatory or neuroprotective responses in CSF and serum. In addition, the findings show evidence that several cytokines and chemokines are selectively altered in MCI/AD CSF, likely corresponding to distinct neuroinflammatory responses unrelated to systemic pathologies. The aggregate results suggest that early management of MCI/AD neuroinflammation should include both anti-inflammatory and pro-neuroprotective strategies to help prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Departments of Pathology (Neuropathology), Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Ming Tong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Andrew J. Hapel
- Department of Genome Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia;
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5
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Gao Y, Wang Y, Chauss D, Villarino AV, Link VM, Nagashima H, Spinner CA, Koparde VN, Bouladoux N, Abers MS, Break TJ, Chopp LB, Park JH, Zhu J, Wiest DL, Leonard WJ, Lionakis MS, O'Shea JJ, Afzali B, Belkaid Y, Lazarevic V. Transcription factor EGR2 controls homing and pathogenicity of T H17 cells in the central nervous system. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1331-1344. [PMID: 37443284 PMCID: PMC10500342 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T helper 17 (TH17) cells protect barrier tissues but also trigger autoimmunity. The mechanisms behind these opposing processes remain unclear. Here, we found that the transcription factor EGR2 controlled the transcriptional program of pathogenic TH17 cells in the central nervous system (CNS) but not that of protective TH17 cells at barrier sites. EGR2 was significantly elevated in myelin-reactive CD4+ T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis and mice with autoimmune neuroinflammation. The EGR2 transcriptional program was intricately woven within the TH17 cell transcriptional regulatory network and showed high interconnectivity with core TH17 cell-specific transcription factors. Mechanistically, EGR2 enhanced TH17 cell differentiation and myeloid cell recruitment to the CNS by upregulating pathogenesis-associated genes and myelomonocytic chemokines. T cell-specific deletion of Egr2 attenuated neuroinflammation without compromising the host's ability to control infections. Our study shows that EGR2 regulates tissue-specific and disease-specific functions in pathogenic TH17 cells in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Gao
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Chauss
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alejandro V Villarino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Verena M Link
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Nagashima
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Camille A Spinner
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vishal N Koparde
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Sciences, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Bouladoux
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael S Abers
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy J Break
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura B Chopp
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David L Wiest
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John J O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vanja Lazarevic
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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6
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Duan J, Matute JD, Unger LW, Hanley T, Schnell A, Lin X, Krupka N, Griebel P, Lambden C, Sit B, Grootjans J, Pyzik M, Sommer F, Kaiser S, Falk-Paulsen M, Grasberger H, Kao JY, Fuhrer T, Li H, Paik D, Lee Y, Refetoff S, Glickman JN, Paton AW, Bry L, Paton JC, Sauer U, Macpherson AJ, Rosenstiel P, Kuchroo VK, Waldor MK, Huh JR, Kaser A, Blumberg RS. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the intestinal epithelium initiates purine metabolite synthesis and promotes Th17 cell differentiation in the gut. Immunity 2023; 56:1115-1131.e9. [PMID: 36917985 PMCID: PMC10175221 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal IL-17-producing T helper (Th17) cells are dependent on adherent microbes in the gut for their development. However, how microbial adherence to intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) promotes Th17 cell differentiation remains enigmatic. Here, we found that Th17 cell-inducing gut bacteria generated an unfolded protein response (UPR) in IECs. Furthermore, subtilase cytotoxin expression or genetic removal of X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1) in IECs caused a UPR and increased Th17 cells, even in antibiotic-treated or germ-free conditions. Mechanistically, UPR activation in IECs enhanced their production of both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and purine metabolites. Treating mice with N-acetyl-cysteine or allopurinol to reduce ROS production and xanthine, respectively, decreased Th17 cells that were associated with an elevated UPR. Th17-related genes also correlated with ER stress and the UPR in humans with inflammatory bowel disease. Overall, we identify a mechanism of intestinal Th17 cell differentiation that emerges from an IEC-associated UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhi Duan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juan D Matute
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lukas W Unger
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK; Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 10090, Austria
| | - Thomas Hanley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandra Schnell
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xi Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Niklas Krupka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul Griebel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Conner Lambden
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Brandon Sit
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joep Grootjans
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Pyzik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Felix Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sina Kaiser
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Maren Falk-Paulsen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Helmut Grasberger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John Y Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tobias Fuhrer
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Donggi Paik
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yunjin Lee
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine, Pediatrics and Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jonathan N Glickman
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Adrienne W Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Lynn Bry
- Massachusetts Host-Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James C Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Uwe Sauer
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Macpherson
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matthew K Waldor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jun R Huh
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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7
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Denosumab Is Superior to Raloxifene in Lowering Risks of Mortality and Ischemic Stroke in Osteoporotic Women. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ph16020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Both osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) share similar pathways in pathophysiology and are intercorrelated with increased morbidity and mortality in elderly women. Although denosumab and raloxifene are the current guideline-based pharmacological treatments, their impacts on cardiovascular protection are yet to be examined. This study aimed to compare mortality rate and cardiovascular events between denosumab and raloxifene in osteoporotic women. Risks of CVD development and all-cause mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression. A total of 7972 (3986 in each group) women were recruited between January 2003 and December 2018. No significant difference between denosumab and raloxifene was observed in composite CVDs, myocardial infarction, or congestive heart failure. However, comparison of the propensity score matched cohorts revealed that patients with proportion of days covered (PDC) ≥60% had lower incidence of ischemic stroke in the denosumab group than that in the raloxifene group (aHR 0.68; 95% CI 0.47–0.98; p = 0.0399). In addition, all-cause mortality was lower in the denosumab group than in the raloxifene group (aHR 0.59; 95% CI 0.48–0.72; p = 0.001), except in patients aged <65 y/o in this cohort study. We concluded that denosumab is superior to raloxifene in lowering risks of all-cause mortality and certain ischemic strokes in osteoporotic women.
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8
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Shen P, Rother M, Stervbo U, Lampropoulou V, Calderon-Gomez E, Roch T, Hilgenberg E, Ries S, Kühl AA, Jouneau L, Boudinot P, Fillatreau S. Toll-like receptors control the accumulation of neutrophils in lymph nodes that expand CD4 + T cells during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250059. [PMID: 36458588 PMCID: PMC10107244 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) control the activation of dendritic cells that prime CD4+ T cells in draining lymph nodes, where these T cells then undergo massive clonal expansion. The mechanisms controlling this clonal T cell expansion are poorly defined. Using the CD4+ T cell-mediated disease experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we show here that this process is markedly suppressed when TLR9 signaling is increased, without noticeably affecting the transcriptome of primed T cells, indicating a purely quantitative effect on CD4+ T cell expansion. Addressing the underpinning mechanisms revealed that CD4+ T cell expansion was preceded and depended on the accumulation of neutrophils in lymph nodes a few days after immunization. Underlying the importance of this immune regulation pathway, blocking neutrophil accumulation in lymph nodes by treating mice with a TLR9 agonist inhibited EAE progression in mice with defects in regulatory T cells or regulatory B cells, which otherwise developed a severe chronic disease. Collectively, this study demonstrates the key role of neutrophils in the quantitative regulation of antigen-specific CD4+ T cell expansion in lymph nodes, and the counter-regulatory role of TLR signaling in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Shen
- Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Madlen Rother
- Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Germany
| | - Ulrik Stervbo
- Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Germany
| | - Vicky Lampropoulou
- Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Germany.,Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Toralf Roch
- Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Germany
| | - Ellen Hilgenberg
- Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Germany
| | - Steffi Ries
- Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Institute of Pathology/RCIS, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Germany.,Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, F-75015, France.,Service Immunologie Biologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, F-75015, France
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9
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Sachi N, Kamiyama N, Saechue B, Ozaka S, Dewayani A, Ariki S, Chalalai T, Soga Y, Fukuda C, Kagoshima Y, Ekronarongchai S, Kobayashi T. CCL20/CCR6 chemokine signaling is not essential for pathogenesis in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 641:123-131. [PMID: 36527746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the nerve myelin sheath. The balance between pathogenic Th17 cells and regulatory Treg cells, both of which express the chemokine receptor CCR6 is critical for determining disease activity. It has been postulated that CCL20, the cognate ligand of CCR6, produced by the blood-brain barrier attracts these immune cells to the central nervous system (CNS). However, the pathological phenotypes of the experimental model of multiple sclerosis in CCR6-knockout (KO) mice are inconclusive, while this has not been addressed in CCL20-KO mice. To address this, we generated CCL20-KO and CCR6-KO mice using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Clinical phenotypes of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the chronic phase were slightly exacerbated in both mutant mice relative to those in wild-type (WT) mice. Inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination in the CNS were similar in the KO and WT mice. CNS CD4+ T cell counts were the same for mutant and WT mice. The mutant and WT mice did not differ significantly in the proportions of Th17 and Treg cells in the CNS, or in IL-17 and TGF-β mRNA expression in the CNS. These findings suggest that CCL20/CCR6-mediated cell migration is not necessarily required for the onset of EAE, and may be compensated for by other chemokine signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Sachi
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naganori Kamiyama
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Benjawan Saechue
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Sotaro Ozaka
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Astri Dewayani
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shimpei Ariki
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Soga
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Chiaki Fukuda
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yomei Kagoshima
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Research Center for GLOBAL and LOCAL Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Oita, Japan.
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10
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Fröhlich A, Olde Heuvel F, Rehman R, Krishnamurthy SS, Li S, Li Z, Bayer D, Conquest A, Hagenston AM, Ludolph A, Huber-Lang M, Boeckers T, Knöll B, Morganti-Kossmann MC, Bading H, Roselli F. Neuronal nuclear calcium signaling suppression of microglial reactivity is mediated by osteoprotegerin after traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:279. [PMCID: PMC9675197 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by massive changes in neuronal excitation, from acute excitotoxicity to chronic hyper- or hypoexcitability. Nuclear calcium signaling pathways are involved in translating changes in synaptic inputs and neuronal activity into discrete transcriptional programs which not only affect neuronal survival and synaptic integrity, but also the crosstalk between neurons and glial cells. Here, we report the effects of blunting neuronal nuclear calcium signals in the context of TBI. Methods We used AAV vectors to express the genetically encoded and nuclear-targeted calcium buffer parvalbumin (PV.NLS.mCherry) or the calcium/calmodulin buffer CaMBP4.mCherry in neurons only. Upon TBI, the extent of neuroinflammation, neuronal death and synaptic loss were assessed by immunohistochemistry and targeted transcriptome analysis. Modulation of the overall level of neuronal activity was achieved by PSAM/PSEM chemogenetics targeted to parvalbumin interneurons. The functional impact of neuronal nuclear calcium buffering in TBI was assessed by quantification of spontaneous whisking. Results Buffering neuronal nuclear calcium unexpectedly resulted in a massive and long-lasting increase in the recruitment of reactive microglia to the injury site, which was characterized by a disease-associated and phagocytic phenotype. This effect was accompanied by a substantial surge in synaptic loss and significantly reduced whisking activity. Transcriptome analysis revealed a complex effect of TBI in the context of neuronal nuclear calcium buffering, with upregulation of complement factors, chemokines and interferon-response genes, as well as the downregulation of synaptic genes and epigenetic regulators compared to control conditions. Notably, nuclear calcium buffering led to a substantial loss in neuronal osteoprotegerin (OPG), whereas stimulation of neuronal firing induced OPG expression. Viral re-expression of OPG resulted in decreased microglial recruitment and synaptic loss. OPG upregulation was also observed in the CSF of human TBI patients, underscoring its translational value. Conclusion Neuronal nuclear calcium signals regulate the degree of microglial recruitment and reactivity upon TBI via, among others, osteoprotegerin signals. Our findings support a model whereby neuronal activity altered after TBI exerts a powerful impact on the neuroinflammatory cascade, which in turn contributes to the overall loss of synapses and functional impairment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02634-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albrecht Fröhlich
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Dept. of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Olde Heuvel
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Dept. of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rida Rehman
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Dept. of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sruthi Sankari Krishnamurthy
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Dept. of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany ,CEMMA (Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Aging) Research Training Group, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shun Li
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Dept. of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Zhenghui Li
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Dept. of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany ,Dept. of Neurosurgery, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - David Bayer
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Dept. of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany ,CEMMA (Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Aging) Research Training Group, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alison Conquest
- grid.1623.60000 0004 0432 511XNational Trauma Research Institute and Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anna M. Hagenston
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Department of Neurobiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albert Ludolph
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Dept. of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias Boeckers
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Ulm, Ulm, Germany ,grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Knöll
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Institute of Neurobiochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maria Cristina Morganti-Kossmann
- grid.1623.60000 0004 0432 511XNational Trauma Research Institute and Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Child Health, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Hilmar Bading
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Department of Neurobiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesco Roselli
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Dept. of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Ulm, Ulm, Germany ,Present Address: Center for Biomedical Research, Helmholtzstrasse 8, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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11
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Pathobiont-responsive Th17 cells in gut-mouth axis provoke inflammatory oral disease and are modulated by intestinal microbiome. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111314. [PMID: 36070692 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Host immune response via Th17 cells against oral pathobionts is a key mediator in periodontitis development. However, where and how the Th17-type immune response is induced during the development of periodontitis is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that gut translocation of the oral pathobiont Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) exacerbates oral pathobiont-induced periodontitis with enhanced Th17 cell differentiation. The oral pathobiont-responsive Th17 cells are differentiated in Peyer's patches and translocated systemically in the peripheral immune tissues. They are also capable of migrating to and accumulating in the mouth upon oral infection. Development of periodontitis via the oral pathobiont-responsive Th17 cells is regulated by the intestinal microbiome, and altering the intestinal microbiome composition with antibiotics affects the development of periodontitis. Our study highlights that pathobiont-responsive Th17 cells in the gut-mouth axis and the intestinal microbiome work together to provoke inflammatory oral diseases, including periodontitis.
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12
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Yuan W, Song C. Crosstalk between bone and other organs. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 2:331-348. [PMID: 37724328 PMCID: PMC10471111 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Bone has long been considered as a silent organ that provides a reservoir of calcium and phosphorus, traditionally. Recently, further study of bone has revealed additional functions as an endocrine organ connecting systemic organs of the whole body. Communication between bone and other organs participates in most physiological and pathological events and is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis. Here, we present an overview of the crosstalk between bone and other organs. Furthermore, we describe the factors mediating the crosstalk and review the mechanisms in the development of potential associated diseases. These connections shed new light on the pathogenesis of systemic diseases and provide novel potential targets for the treatment of systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiong Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Papapavlou Lingehed G, Hellberg S, Huang J, Khademi M, Kockum I, Carlsson H, Tjernberg I, Svenvik M, Lind J, Blomberg M, Vrethem M, Mellergård J, Gustafsson M, Jenmalm MC, Olsson T, Ernerudh J. Plasma protein profiling reveals dynamic immunomodulatory changes in multiple sclerosis patients during pregnancy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:930947. [PMID: 35967338 PMCID: PMC9373039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Pregnancy represents a natural modulation of the disease course, where the relapse rate decreases, especially in the 3rd trimester, followed by a transient exacerbation after delivery. Although the exact mechanisms behind the pregnancy-induced modulation are yet to be deciphered, it is likely that the immune tolerance established during pregnancy is involved. In this study, we used the highly sensitive and specific proximity extension assay technology to perform protein profiling analysis of 92 inflammation-related proteins in MS patients (n=15) and healthy controls (n=10), longitudinally sampled before, during, and after pregnancy. Differential expression analysis was performed using linear models and p-values were adjusted for false discovery rate due to multiple comparisons. Our findings reveal gradual dynamic changes in plasma proteins that are most prominent during the 3rd trimester while reverting post-partum. Thus, this pattern reflects the disease activity of MS during pregnancy. Among the differentially expressed proteins in pregnancy, several proteins with known immunoregulatory properties were upregulated, such as PD-L1, LIF-R, TGF-β1, and CCL28. On the other hand, inflammatory chemokines such as CCL8, CCL13, and CXCL5, as well as members of the tumor necrosis factor family, TRANCE and TWEAK, were downregulated. Further in-depth studies will reveal if these proteins can serve as biomarkers in MS and whether they are mechanistically involved in the disease amelioration and worsening. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved may identify new treatment strategies mimicking the pregnancy milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Papapavlou Lingehed
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Georgia Papapavlou Lingehed,
| | - Sandra Hellberg
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jesse Huang
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Khademi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Carlsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Region Kalmar County, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ivar Tjernberg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Region Kalmar County, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Svenvik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Region Kalmar County, Kalmar, Sweden and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jonas Lind
- Section of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Blomberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Vrethem
- Department of Neurology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Mellergård
- Department of Neurology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mika Gustafsson
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria C. Jenmalm
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Ernerudh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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14
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Abstract
Since the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), its cognate receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), and the decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) were discovered, a number of studies have uncovered the crucial role of the RANKL-RANK-OPG pathway in controlling the key aspect of bone homeostasis, the immune system, inflammation, cancer, and other systems under pathophysiological condition. These findings have expanded the understanding of the multifunctional biology of the RANKL-RANK-OPG pathway and led to the development of therapeutic potential targeting this pathway. The successful development and application of anti-RANKL antibody in treating diseases causing bone loss validates the utility of therapeutic approaches based on the modulation of this pathway. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of the RANKL-RANK pathway in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, shedding light on the RANKL-RANK dual signaling in coupling bone resorption and bone formation. In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of the RANKL-RANK-OPG system in the context of the bone and the immune system as well as the impact of this pathway in disease conditions, including cancer development and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Takegahara
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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15
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Passaponti S, Ermini L, Acconci G, Severi FM, Romagnoli R, Cutrupi S, Clerico M, Guerrera G, Ietta F. Rank-Rankl-Opg Axis in Multiple Sclerosis: The Contribution of Placenta. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081357. [PMID: 35456036 PMCID: PMC9031903 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with multiple sclerosis (MS) can safely become pregnant and give birth, with no side effects or impediments. Pregnancy is generally accepted as a period of well-being in which relapses have a softer evolution, particularly in the third trimester. Herein, we hypothesized that the placenta, via its “secretome”, could contribute to the recognized beneficial effects of pregnancy on MS activity. We focused on a well-known receptor/ligand/decoy receptor system, such as the one composed by the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB (RANK), its ligand (RANKL), and the decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG), which have never been investigated in an integrated way in MS, pregnancy, and placenta. We reported that pregnancy at the term of gestation influences the balance between circulating RANKL and its endogenous inhibitor OPG in MS women. We demonstrated that the placenta at term is an invaluable source of homodimeric OPG. By functional studies on astrocytes, we showed that placental OPG suppresses the mRNA expression of the CCL20, a chemokine responsible for Th17 cell recruitment. We propose placental OPG as a crucial molecule for the recognized beneficial effect of late pregnancy on MS and its potential utility for the development of new and more effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Passaponti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.); (R.R.)
| | - Leonardo Ermini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.); (R.R.)
| | - Giulia Acconci
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Division of Prenatal Diagnosis and Obstetrics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Filiberto Maria Severi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Division of Prenatal Diagnosis and Obstetrics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Roberta Romagnoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.); (R.R.)
| | - Santina Cutrupi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Marinella Clerico
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Gisella Guerrera
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Ietta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-05-7723-2370
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16
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Morikawa N, Kato Y, Takeshita N, Shimizu Y. Pharmacological characterization of AS2690168, a novel small molecule RANKL signal transduction inhibitor. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 924:174941. [PMID: 35398031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pathological osteolysis is associated with excessive bone resorption by activated osteoclasts. Given that receptor activator of NF-kB and its ligand (RANKL) are key players in the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts, the RANKL/RANK signaling pathway is considered a promising target for the development of effective osteoclastogenesis inhibitors. We previously found that the orally available compound, AS2690168, suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis of RAW264 cells. In this report, we further characterized the pharmacological profiles of AS2690168 in vitro and in vivo. AS2690168 suppressed soluble RANKL (sRANKL)-induced NFATc1 mRNA expression in RAW264 cells at 0.3 and 3.0 μM. It also suppressed calcium release from parathyroid hormone-stimulated mouse calvaria with an IC50 value of 0.46 μM. Oral administration of AS2690168 completely suppressed the decrease in femoral bone mineral content in an sRANKL-induced osteopenic mice model at 3.0 mg/kg. It also significantly suppressed the decrease in femoral bone mineral density and increase in serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b levels in ovariectomized rats at doses of 0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg. Finally, AS260168 suppressed the increase in urine deoxypyridinoline in a rat prednisolone-induced osteoporosis model at 10 mg/kg. These results suggest that AS2690168 is a promising treatment for bone disorders with excessive bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Morikawa
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc. 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kato
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc. 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Takeshita
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc. 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Shimizu
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc. 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
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17
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Trujillo-Vargas CM, Mauk KE, Hernandez H, de Souza RG, Yu Z, Galletti JG, Dietrich J, Paulsen F, de Paiva CS. Immune phenotype of the CD4 + T cells in the aged lymphoid organs and lacrimal glands. GeroScience 2022; 44:2105-2128. [PMID: 35279788 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a massive infiltration of T lymphocytes in the lacrimal gland. Here, we aimed to characterize the immune phenotype of aged CD4+ T cells in this tissue as compared with lymphoid organs. To perform this, we sorted regulatory T cells (Tregs, CD4+CD25+GITR+) and non-Tregs (CD4+CD25negGITRneg) in lymphoid organs from female C57BL/6J mice and subjected these cells to an immunology NanoString® panel. These results were confirmed by flow cytometry, live imaging, and tissue immunostaining in the lacrimal gland. Importantly, effector T helper 1 (Th1) genes were highly upregulated on aged Tregs, including the master regulator Tbx21. Among the non-Tregs, we also found a significant increase in the levels of EOMESmed/high, TbetnegIFN-γ+, and CD62L+CD44negCD4+ T cells with aging, which are associated with cell exhaustion, immunopathology, and the generation of tertiary lymphoid tissue. At the functional level, aged Tregs from lymphoid organs are less able to decrease proliferation and IFN-γ production of T responders at any age. More importantly, human lacrimal glands (age range 55-81 years) also showed the presence of CD4+Foxp3+ cells. Further studies are needed to propose potential molecular targets to avoid immune-mediated lacrimal gland dysfunction with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Trujillo-Vargas
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellín, Colombia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, NC 505G, USA
| | - Kelsey E Mauk
- Graduate Program in Immunology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Humberto Hernandez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, NC 505G, USA
| | - Rodrigo G de Souza
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, NC 505G, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, NC 505G, USA
| | - Jeremias G Galletti
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, CONICET-National Academy of Medicine of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jana Dietrich
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, NC 505G, USA.
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18
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Liu Z, Yin Y, Wang Z, Xie L, Deng P, Wang D, Ji N, Zhao H, Han X, Chen Q, Chung CH, Bai D, Zhao X. RANKL inhibition halts lesion progression and promotes bone remineralization in mice with fibrous dysplasia. Bone 2022; 156:116301. [PMID: 34952228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare bone disease caused by GNAS mutation in skeletal stem cells, typically originating from and worsening in childhood. Till now, no cure for FD exists despite the well-recognized etiology. Studies have demonstrated that osteoclastogenesis hyperactivity is caused by elevated RANKL expression, making RANKL inhibition a potential therapy. Although a human monoclonal anti-RANKL antibody, denosumab, has been used in FD patients, the effects and mechanisms of RANKL inhibition for FD treatment require assessment. Denosumab is expensive and can only be injected. Therefore, formulating an oral-administered, cost-effective medicine is encouraged. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of a small-molecule RANKL inhibitor, AS2676293, on a transgenic FD mouse model. AS2676293 effectively suppressed osteoclastogenesis and halted FD progression. The pre-existing bone defects were primarily replaced by newly formed mineralized bone after two weeks of AS2676293 administration. The potent RANKL inhibitory effect and easier route of delivery make AS2676293 a promising target therapy of FD. Results from our study suggested that RANKL inhibition is effective in halting FD progression and promoting bone remineralization, which could benefit the patients with early onset of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yijia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peng Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Donghui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xianglong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chun-Hsi Chung
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xuefeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Abstract
Recent evidence shows that when ischemic stroke (IS) occurs, the BBB would be destructed, thereby promoting the immune cells to migrate into the brain, suggesting that the immune responses can play a vital role in the pathology of IS. As an essential subpopulation of immunosuppressive T cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells are involved in maintaining immune homeostasis and suppressing immune responses in the pathophysiological conditions of IS. During the past decades, the regulatory role of Treg cells has attracted the interest of numerous researchers. However, whether they are beneficial or detrimental to the outcomes of IS remains controversial. Moreover, Treg cells exert distinctive effects in the different stages of IS. Therefore, it is urgent to elucidate how Treg cells modulate the immune responses induced by IS. In this review, we describe how Treg cells fluctuate and play a role in the regulation of immune responses after IS in both experimental animals and humans, and summarize their biological functions and mechanisms in both CNS and periphery. We also discuss how Treg cells participate in poststroke inflammation and immunodepression and the potential of Treg cells as a novel therapeutic approach.
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20
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TNF plays a crucial role in inflammation by signaling via T cell TNFR2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2109972118. [PMID: 34873037 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109972118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF, produced largely by T and innate immune cells, is potently proinflammatory, as are cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-17 produced by Th1 and Th17 cells, respectively. Here, we asked if TNF is upstream of Th skewing toward inflammatory phenotypes. Exposure of mouse CD4+ T cells to TNF and TGF-β generated Th17 cells that express low levels of IL-17 (ROR-γt+IL-17lo) and high levels of inflammatory markers independently of IL-6 and STAT3. This was mediated by the nondeath TNF receptor TNFR2, which also contributed to the generation of inflammatory Th1 cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing of central nervous system-infiltrating CD4+ T cells in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) found an inflammatory gene expression profile similar to cerebrospinal fluid-infiltrating CD4+ T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis. Notably, TNFR2-deficient CD4+ T cells produced fewer inflammatory mediators and were less pathogenic in EAE and colitis. IL-1β, a Th17-skewing cytokine, induced TNF and proinflammatory granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in T cells, which was inhibited by disruption of TNFR2 signaling, demonstrating IL-1β can function indirectly via the production of TNF. Thus, TNF is not just an effector but also an initiator of inflammatory Th differentiation.
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21
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Şanli E, Tüzün E. Aquaporin-4 Gene Polymorphisms in Relapsing Inflammatory Optic Neuropathy and RANKL in Glioblastoma: Research and Progress on Biomarkers. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2021; 58:81-82. [PMID: 34188586 PMCID: PMC8214747 DOI: 10.29399/npa.27789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Şanli
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Tüzün
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
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22
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The Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis after Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063057. [PMID: 33802713 PMCID: PMC8002377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects approximately 300,000 people in the United States. Most individuals who sustain severe SCI also develop subsequent osteoporosis. However, beyond immobilization-related lack of long bone loading, multiple mechanisms of SCI-related bone density loss are incompletely understood. Recent findings suggest neuronal impairment and disability may lead to an upregulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), which promotes bone resorption. Disruption of Wnt signaling and dysregulation of RANKL may also contribute to the pathogenesis of SCI-related osteoporosis. Estrogenic effects may protect bones from resorption by decreasing the upregulation of RANKL. This review will discuss the current proposed physiological and cellular mechanisms explaining osteoporosis associated with SCI. In addition, we will discuss emerging pharmacological and physiological treatment strategies, including the promising effects of estrogen on cellular protection.
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23
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Kawakami M, Yasuda H, Nishida D, Katakura A, Mizoguchi T. Development of a method for the identification of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB + populations in vivo. J Oral Biosci 2021; 63:45-51. [PMID: 33516894 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoclasts are induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL). Monocyte/macrophage lineages are thought to be osteoclast precursors; however, such cells have not been fully characterized owing to a lack of tools for their identification. Osteoclast precursors express colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) and RANK. However, the capacity of conventional methods using anti-RANK antibodies to detect RANK+ cells by flow cytometry is insufficient. Here, we developed a high-sensitivity method for detecting RANK+ cells using biotinylated recombinant glutathione S-transferase-RANKL (GST-RANKL-biotin). METHODS We sorted sub-populations of mouse bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood (PB) cells using GST-RANKL-biotin, anti-CSF1R, and anti-B220 antibodies and induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. RESULTS The frequency of the RANK+ population in BM detected by GST-RANKL-biotin was significantly higher than that detected by anti-RANK antibodies. Although RANK+ cells were detected in both the B220+ and B220- populations, the macrophage lineage was present only in B220-. Unexpectedly, a significantly higher number of osteoclasts was induced in RANK-CSF-1R+ cells than in RANK+CSF-1R+ cells contained in the B220- population. In contrast, the PB-derived B220-RANK+CSF-1R+ population contained a significantly higher frequency of osteoclast precursors than the B220-RANK-CSF-1R+ population. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that GST-RANKL-biotin is useful for the detection of RANK+ cells and that RANK and CSF-1R may be helpful indicators of osteoclast precursors in PB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Kawakami
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Hisataka Yasuda
- Nagahama Institute for Biochemical Science, Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd., Shiga, 526-0804, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishida
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Akira Katakura
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
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Hanada R. The role of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system in the central nervous systems (CNS). J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39:64-70. [PMID: 32888064 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-020-01143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The receptor-activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and its specific receptor RANK have essential roles in regulating bone metabolism and the immune system. Besides, the RANKL/RANK system plays important roles in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes such as mammary gland development during pregnancy, cancer development, and bone metastasis. While it has long been known that RANKL and RANK are expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), the physiological roles of RANKL/RANK system in the CNS and the underlying molecular mechanisms have been elucidated recently. Over the last decade, several reports showed that the central RANKL/RANK system plays important roles in regulating body temperature, brain ischemia, autoimmune encephalopathy, feeding behavior, and energy metabolism. In this review, it is provided an updated information regarding the roles of RANKL/RANK system in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Hanada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1-1, Yufu City, Oita, 879-5593, Japan.
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25
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das Neves SP, Sousa JC, Sousa N, Cerqueira JJ, Marques F. Altered astrocytic function in experimental neuroinflammation and multiple sclerosis. Glia 2020; 69:1341-1368. [PMID: 33247866 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects about 2.5 million people worldwide. In MS, the patients' immune system starts to attack the myelin sheath, leading to demyelination, neurodegeneration, and, ultimately, loss of vital neurological functions such as walking. There is currently no cure for MS and the available treatments only slow the initial phases of the disease. The later-disease mechanisms are poorly understood and do not directly correlate with the activity of immune system cells, the main target of the available treatments. Instead, evidence suggests that disease progression and disability are better correlated with the maintenance of a persistent low-grade inflammation inside the CNS, driven by local glial cells, like astrocytes and microglia. Depending on the context, astrocytes can (a) exacerbate inflammation or (b) promote immunosuppression and tissue repair. In this review, we will address the present knowledge that exists regarding the role of astrocytes in MS and experimental animal models of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Pereira das Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center, Braga, Portugal
| | - João José Cerqueira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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26
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Glasnović A, O'Mara N, Kovačić N, Grčević D, Gajović S. RANK/RANKL/OPG Signaling in the Brain: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Front Neurol 2020; 11:590480. [PMID: 33329338 PMCID: PMC7710989 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.590480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Together with its dominant immunological and bone remodeling involvement, RRO axis, comprising of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) signaling, is as well-implicated in CNS functioning and corresponding pathologies. The CNS aspects of RANKL/RANK/OPG (RRO) axis were systematically reviewed. With search 10 databases, and 7 additional resources from first article publication to July 2019, resulted in total 2,222 hits, from which 33 relevant articles were selected. The elements of RRO axis in CNS include cells involved in neuroinflammation, predominantly in microglia, but as well in resident macrophages and inflammatory cells migrating across the blood-brain barrier. The expression in neurons and oligodendrocytes is mainly confined to processes of differentiation and cell death. RRO axis tunes the neuroinflammatory response, depending on the molecular, cellular and pathological context. RANK/RANKL signaling is neuroprotective in TLR-mediated inflammation, while OPG seems detrimental in stroke, but beneficial in multiple sclerosis. The levels of RRO axis elements can serve as biomarkers in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. They act as neuroprotectant after brain damage even being implicated in body weight- and thermo-regulation. As derivatives of RRO axis already exist as therapeutic agents in bone remodeling, it would be intriquing to see if these or new RRO-based pharmaceuticals would appear effective in CNS therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Glasnović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Niall O'Mara
- Department of Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nataša Kovačić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Anatomy, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danka Grčević
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Physiology and Immunology, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Srećko Gajović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Blockade of RANKL/RANK signaling pathway by epigallocatechin gallate alleviates mast cell-mediated inflammatory reactions. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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28
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Nguyen TTD, Le NQK, Ho QT, Phan DV, Ou YY. TNFPred: identifying tumor necrosis factors using hybrid features based on word embeddings. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:155. [PMID: 33087125 PMCID: PMC7579990 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00779-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytokines are a class of small proteins that act as chemical messengers and play a significant role in essential cellular processes including immunity regulation, hematopoiesis, and inflammation. As one important family of cytokines, tumor necrosis factors have association with the regulation of a various biological processes such as proliferation and differentiation of cells, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. The implication of these cytokines can also be seen in various diseases such as insulin resistance, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Considering the interdependence between this kind of cytokine and others, classifying tumor necrosis factors from other cytokines is a challenge for biological scientists. Methods In this research, we employed a word embedding technique to create hybrid features which was proved to efficiently identify tumor necrosis factors given cytokine sequences. We segmented each protein sequence into protein words and created corresponding word embedding for each word. Then, word embedding-based vector for each sequence was created and input into machine learning classification models. When extracting feature sets, we not only diversified segmentation sizes of protein sequence but also conducted different combinations among split grams to find the best features which generated the optimal prediction. Furthermore, our methodology follows a well-defined procedure to build a reliable classification tool. Results With our proposed hybrid features, prediction models obtain more promising performance compared to seven prominent sequenced-based feature kinds. Results from 10 independent runs on the surveyed dataset show that on an average, our optimal models obtain an area under the curve of 0.984 and 0.998 on 5-fold cross-validation and independent test, respectively. Conclusions These results show that biologists can use our model to identify tumor necrosis factors from other cytokines efficiently. Moreover, this study proves that natural language processing techniques can be applied reasonably to help biologists solve bioinformatics problems efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nguyen-Quoc-Khanh Le
- Professional Master Program in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan.,Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Quang-Thai Ho
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, 32003, Taiwan
| | - Dinh-Van Phan
- University of Economics, The University of Danang, Danang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Yu-Yen Ou
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, 32003, Taiwan.
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29
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Zhang C, Zhong JF, Zhang X. Revealing the molecular mechanism of central nervous system leukemia with single-cell technology. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 153:103046. [PMID: 32650214 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system leukemia (CNSL) is a severe complication of acute leukemia, with serious consequences for life quality and expectancy. The molecular mechanism of CNSL is unclear at present. Thus, determining appropriate prevention and therapeutic strategies for CNSL remain challenging. Currently, inferences regarding gene functions are based on the measurement of average gene expression in a bulk lysate. However, leukemia cells are a heterogeneous population in which the expression of critical genes may be masked by many unrelated genes. Single-cell sequencing may therefore be the best way to explore the development of CNSL in the bone marrow and peripheral blood at diagnosis and subsequent time points, in order to detect potential targets and prevent the development of CNSL. In this review, we first discuss the possible mechanism of CNSL, then describe the heterogeneity of leukemia cells. Finally, we focus on the role of single-cell technology in preventing and treating CNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiang F Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Wang W, Li Y, Hao J, He Y, Dong X, Fu YX, Guo X. The Interaction between Lymphoid Tissue Inducer-Like Cells and T Cells in the Mesenteric Lymph Node Restrains Intestinal Humoral Immunity. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107936. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Ono T, Hayashi M, Sasaki F, Nakashima T. RANKL biology: bone metabolism, the immune system, and beyond. Inflamm Regen 2020; 40:2. [PMID: 32047573 PMCID: PMC7006158 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-019-0111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) induces the differentiation of monocyte/macrophage-lineage cells into the bone-resorbing cells called osteoclasts. Because abnormalities in RANKL, its signaling receptor RANK, or decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) lead to bone diseases such as osteopetrosis, the RANKL/RANK/OPG system is essential for bone resorption. RANKL was first discovered as a T cell-derived activator of dendritic cells (DCs) and has many functions in the immune system, including organogenesis, cellular development. The essentiality of RANKL in the bone and the immune systems lies at the root of the field of "osteoimmunology." Furthermore, this cytokine functions beyond the domains of bone metabolism and the immune system, e.g., mammary gland and hair follicle formation, body temperature regulation, muscle metabolism, and tumor development. In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of the functions of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system in biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Ono
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549 Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549 Japan
| | - Mikihito Hayashi
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549 Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549 Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549 Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549 Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakashima
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549 Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549 Japan
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TAKAYANAGI H. Osteoimmunology - Bidirectional dialogue and inevitable union of the fields of bone and immunity. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 96:159-169. [PMID: 32281551 PMCID: PMC7247972 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.96.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a critically important part of the skeletal system that is essential for body support and locomotion. The immune system protects against pathogens and is active in host defense. These two seemingly distinct systems in fact interact with each other, share molecules and create a collaborative regulatory system called the "osteoimmune system". The most representative osteoimmune molecule is receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), which plays multiple roles in the osteoimmune system under both physiological and pathological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and cancer metastasis to bone. Based on accumulating evidence for such mutual dependence, it is concluded that the relationship between bone and the immune system did not develop by accident but as a necessary consequence of evolution. Here I describe the history of and recent advances in osteoimmunology, providing a perspective in the contexts of both science and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi TAKAYANAGI
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Targeting of the Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-T-Cell Axis in Solid Malignancies. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111989. [PMID: 31731701 PMCID: PMC6912330 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of a wide range of immunotherapies in clinical practice has revolutionized the treatment of cancer in the last decade. The majority of these therapeutic modalities are centered on reinvigorating a tumor-reactive cytotoxic T-cell response. While impressive clinical successes are obtained, the majority of cancer patients still fail to show a clinical response, despite the fact that their tumors express antigens that can be recognized by the immune system. This is due to a series of other cellular actors, present in or attracted towards the tumor microenvironment, including regulatory T-cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). As the main cellular constituent of the tumor-associated stroma, CAFs form a heterogeneous group of cells which can drive cancer cell invasion but can also impair the migration and activation of T-cells through direct and indirect mechanisms. This singles CAFs out as an important next target for further optimization of T-cell based immunotherapies. Here, we review the recent literature on the role of CAFs in orchestrating T-cell activation and migration within the tumor microenvironment and discuss potential avenues for targeting the interactions between fibroblasts and T-cells.
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Asano T, Okamoto K, Nakai Y, Tsutsumi M, Muro R, Suematsu A, Hashimoto K, Okamura T, Ehata S, Nitta T, Takayanagi H. Soluble RANKL is physiologically dispensable but accelerates tumour metastasis to bone. Nat Metab 2019; 1:868-875. [PMID: 32694743 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is a multifunctional cytokine known to affect immune and skeletal systems, as well as oncogenesis and metastasis1-4. RANKL is synthesized as a membrane-bound molecule, and cleaved into its soluble form by proteases5-7. As the soluble form of RANKL does not contribute greatly to bone remodelling or ovariectomy-induced bone loss8, whether soluble RANKL has a role in pathological settings remains unclear. Here we show that soluble RANKL promotes the formation of tumour metastases in bone. Mice that selectively lack soluble RANKL (Tnfsf11ΔS/ΔS)5-7,9 have normal bone homoeostasis and develop a normal immune system but display markedly reduced numbers of bone metastases after intracardiac injection of RANK-expressing melanoma and breast cancer cells. Deletion of soluble RANKL does not affect osteoclast numbers in metastatic lesions or tumour metastasis to non-skeletal tissues. Therefore, soluble RANKL is dispensable for physiological regulation of bone and immune systems, but has a distinct and pivotal role in the promotion of bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Asano
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okamoto
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuta Nakai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Tsutsumi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Muro
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Suematsu
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hashimoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okamura
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Section of Animal Models, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Ehata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nitta
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Osteoimmunology: evolving concepts in bone-immune interactions in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 19:626-642. [PMID: 31186549 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In terrestrial vertebrates, bone tissue constitutes the 'osteoimmune' system, which functions as a locomotor organ and a mineral reservoir as well as a primary lymphoid organ where haematopoietic stem cells are maintained. Bone and mineral metabolism is maintained by the balanced action of bone cells such as osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes, yet subverted by aberrant and/or prolonged immune responses under pathological conditions. However, osteoimmune interactions are not restricted to the unidirectional effect of the immune system on bone metabolism. In recent years, we have witnessed the discovery of effects of bone cells on immune regulation, including the function of osteoprogenitor cells in haematopoietic stem cell regulation and osteoblast-mediated suppression of haematopoietic malignancies. Moreover, the dynamic reciprocal interactions between bone and malignancies in remote organs have attracted attention, extending the horizon of osteoimmunology. Here, we discuss emerging concepts in the osteoimmune dialogue in health and disease.
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36
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Camara A, Cordeiro OG, Alloush F, Sponsel J, Chypre M, Onder L, Asano K, Tanaka M, Yagita H, Ludewig B, Flacher V, Mueller CG. Lymph Node Mesenchymal and Endothelial Stromal Cells Cooperate via the RANK-RANKL Cytokine Axis to Shape the Sinusoidal Macrophage Niche. Immunity 2019; 50:1467-1481.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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37
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The contribution of astrocytes to the neuroinflammatory response in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:757-783. [PMID: 30847559 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-01980-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is the coordinated response of the central nervous system (CNS) to threats to its integrity posed by a variety of conditions, including autoimmunity, pathogens and trauma. Activated astrocytes, in concert with other cellular elements of the CNS and immune system, are important players in the modulation of the neuroinflammatory response. During neurological disease, they produce and respond to cellular signals that often lead to dichotomous processes, which can promote further damage or contribute to repair. This occurs also in multiple sclerosis (MS), where astrocytes are now recognized as key components of its immunopathology. Evidence supporting this role has emerged not only from studies in MS patients, but also from animal models, among which the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model has proved especially instrumental. Based on this premise, the purpose of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge of astrocyte behavior in MS and EAE. Following a brief description of the pathological characteristics of the two diseases and the main functional roles of astrocytes in CNS physiology, we will delve into the specific responses of this cell population, analyzing MS and EAE in parallel. We will define the temporal and anatomical profile of astroglial activation, then focus on key processes they participate in. These include: (1) production and response to soluble mediators (e.g., cytokines and chemokines), (2) regulation of oxidative stress, and (3) maintenance of BBB integrity and function. Finally, we will review the state of the art on the available methods to measure astroglial activation in vivo in MS patients, and how this could be exploited to optimize diagnosis, prognosis and treatment decisions. Ultimately, we believe that integrating the knowledge obtained from studies in MS and EAE may help not only better understand the pathophysiology of MS, but also uncover new signals to be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
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38
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Nam SY, Kim HY, Min JY, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. An osteoclastogenesis system, the RANKL/RANK signalling pathway, contributes to aggravated allergic inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1664-1679. [PMID: 30737962 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE As an osteoclast differentiation factor, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is produced by various immune cells and may be involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and inflammation. Although RANKL is expressed in most immune cells and tissues, it is not clear how this might affect allergic inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The roles of RANKL in allergic rhinitis (AR) were analysed in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced animal model, human subjects, and a human mast cell line (HMC-1). Small interfering RNA experiments were performed in an OVA-induced AR model. KEY RESULTS RANKL and RANKL receptor (RANK) were up-regulated in serum or nasal mucosal tissues of AR patients and AR mice. RANKL and RANK were colocalised in mast cells of nasal mucosa tissue. Depletion of RANKL by RANKL siRNA ameliorated AR symptoms and reduced AR-related biomarkers, including thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IgE, histamine, and inflammatory cell infiltration, whereas recombinant RANKL increased AR responses and TSLP levels. In addition, functional deficiency of TSLP decreased AR responses induced by RANKL. In human mast cells, interaction of RANKL with RANK increased production of TSLP and inflammatory cytokines. Production of TSLP by RANKL stimulation was mediated through activation of the PI3K, MAPK, caspase-1, and NF-κB pathways. Furthermore, dexamethasone alleviated RANKL-induced inflammatory reactions in AR models. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Collectively, these data suggest that RANKL may induce development of AR through up-regulation of TSLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Min
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Division of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Biochip Research Center and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
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39
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Sobacchi C, Menale C, Villa A. The RANKL-RANK Axis: A Bone to Thymus Round Trip. Front Immunol 2019; 10:629. [PMID: 30984193 PMCID: PMC6450200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and its cognate receptor Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) during a search for novel tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily members has dramatically changed the scenario of bone biology by providing the functional and biochemical proof that RANKL signaling via RANK is the master factor for osteoclastogenesis. In parallel, two independent studies reported the identification of mouse RANKL on activated T cells and of a ligand for osteoprotegerin on a murine bone marrow-derived stromal cell line. After these seminal findings, accumulating data indicated RANKL and RANK not only as essential players for the development and activation of osteoclasts, but also for the correct differentiation of medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) that act as mediators of the central tolerance process by which self-reactive T cells are eliminated while regulatory T cells are generated. In light of the RANKL-RANK multi-task function, an antibody targeting this pathway, denosumab, is now commonly used in the therapy of bone loss diseases including chronic inflammatory bone disorders and osteolytic bone metastases; furthermore, preclinical data support the therapeutic application of denosumab in the framework of a broader spectrum of tumors. Here, we discuss advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms elicited by RANKL-RANK pathway in the bone and thymus, and the extent to which its inhibition or augmentation can be translated in the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sobacchi
- Milan Unit, Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (CNR-IRGB), Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Ciro Menale
- Milan Unit, Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (CNR-IRGB), Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Anna Villa
- Milan Unit, Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (CNR-IRGB), Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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40
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Efficacy of an orally active small-molecule inhibitor of RANKL in bone metastasis. Bone Res 2019; 7:1. [PMID: 30622830 PMCID: PMC6315020 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is one of the preferred sites for the metastasis of malignant tumours, such as breast cancer, lung cancer and malignant melanoma. Tumour cells colonizing bone have the capacity to induce the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), which promotes osteoclast differentiation and activation. Tumour-induced osteoclastic bone resorption leads to a vicious cycle between tumours and bone cells that fuels osteolytic tumour growth, causing bone pain and hypercalcaemia. Furthermore, RANKL contributes to bone metastasis by acting as a chemoattractant to bone for tumour cells that express its receptor, RANK. Thus inhibition of the RANKL-RANK pathway is a promising treatment for bone metastasis, and a human monoclonal anti-RANKL antibody, denosumab, has been used in the clinic. However, orally available drugs targeting RANKL must be developed to increase the therapeutic benefits to patients. Here we report the efficacy of the small-molecule RANKL inhibitor AS2676293 in treating bone metastasis using mouse models. Oral administration of AS2676293 markedly inhibited bone metastasis of human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231-5a-D-Luc2 as well as tumour-induced osteolysis. AS2676293 suppressed RANKL-mediated tumour migration in the transwell assay and inhibited bone metastasis of the murine cell line B16F10, which is known not to trigger osteoclast activation. Based on the results from this study, RANKL inhibition with a small-molecule compound constitutes a promising therapeutic strategy for treating bone metastasis by inhibiting both osteoclastic bone resorption and tumour migration to bone.
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41
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Abstract
Bone is a crucial element of the skeletal-locomotor system, but also functions as an immunological organ that harbors hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and immune progenitor cells. Additionally, the skeletal and immune systems share a number of regulatory molecules, including cytokines and signaling molecules. Osteoimmunology was created as an interdisciplinary field to explore the shared molecules and interactions between the skeletal and immune systems. In particular, the importance of an inseparable link between the two systems has been highlighted by studies on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in which pathogenic helper T cells induce the progressive destruction of multiple joints through aberrant expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL). The conceptual bridge of osteoimmunology provides not only a novel framework for understanding these biological systems but also a molecular basis for the development of therapeutic approaches for diseases of bone and/or the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Okamoto
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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42
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Kelly RR, McDonald LT, Jensen NR, Sidles SJ, LaRue AC. Impacts of Psychological Stress on Osteoporosis: Clinical Implications and Treatment Interactions. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:200. [PMID: 31024360 PMCID: PMC6465575 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant biochemical and physiological effects of psychological stress are beginning to be recognized as exacerbating common diseases, including osteoporosis. This review discusses the current evidence for psychological stress-associated mental health disorders as risk factors for osteoporosis, the mechanisms that may link these conditions, and potential implications for treatment. Traditional, alternative, and adjunctive therapies are discussed. This review is not intended to provide therapeutic recommendations, but, rather, the goal of this review is to delineate potential interactions of psychological stress and osteoporosis and to highlight potential multi-system implications of pharmacological interventions. Review of the current literature identifies several potentially overlapping mechanistic pathways that may be of interest (e.g., glucocorticoid signaling, insulin-like growth factor signaling, serotonin signaling) for further basic and clinical research. Current literature also supports the potential for cross-effects of therapeutics for osteoporosis and mental health disorders. While studies examining a direct link between osteoporosis and chronic psychological stress are limited, the studies reviewed herein suggest that a multi-factorial, personalized approach should be considered for improved patient outcomes in populations experiencing psychological stress, particularly those at high-risk for development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Kelly
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Lindsay T McDonald
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Nathaniel R Jensen
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Sara J Sidles
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Amanda C LaRue
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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43
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Li Y, Yin P, Guo Z, Lv H, Deng Y, Chen M, Gu Y, Tang P, Zhang L. Bone-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Novel Players of Interorgan Crosstalk. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:846. [PMID: 31920965 PMCID: PMC6914759 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have shown that bone plays an active role in regulating glucose metabolism, affects renal, and cardiovascular diseases and even influences the development of offspring. These novel findings have indicated that bone plays a much more important role in the human body than only providing physical support. However, further investigations of the mechanisms underlying the effects of bone are needed. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have received increased attention because they can transfer functional proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs between cells/organs. After reviewing the existing evidence, we hypothesized that bone may be involved in interorgan communication via EVs. Further research exploring bone-derived EVs may facilitate the understanding of bone as a multifunctional organ.
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44
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NK cells in cerebral ischemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:547-554. [PMID: 30399590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As a vital cell type in immune system and infiltrating cells in ischemic brain, NK cells can bridge the crosstalk between immune system and nervous system in stroke setting. The mechanism of action of NK cells is complicated, involving direct and indirect actions. NK cells are closely associated with poststroke inflammation, immunodepression and infections. The excessive inflammatory response in ischemic brain is one of the important causes for aggravating cerebral ischemic injury. Besides the inflammation induced by ischemia itself, thrombolytic drug tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration could also induce deteriorative inflammation, which is unfavorable for stroke control and recovery. Regulating NK cells may has the potential to modulate the immune response, limiting the development of ischemic damage and getting better outcome. In addition, post-stroke immunosuppression may lead to infections which contribute to higher severity and mortality of ischemic stroke (IS). Targeting NK cells may help to find novel pathways for IS therapy, which can both ameliorate the infarction itself, but also reduce the infectious complications. NK cells may also link IS and related diseases, suggesting NK cells can be used as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for IS prevention and treatment.
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45
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Francisconi C, Vieira A, Azevedo M, Tabanez A, Fonseca A, Trombone A, Letra A, Silva R, Sfeir C, Little S, Garlet G. RANKL Triggers Treg-Mediated Immunoregulation in Inflammatory Osteolysis. J Dent Res 2018; 97:917-927. [PMID: 29499125 PMCID: PMC6728554 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518759302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic inflammatory immune response triggered by the infection of the tooth root canal system results in the local upregulation of RANKL, resulting in periapical bone loss. While RANKL has a well-characterized role in the control of bone homeostasis/pathology, it can play important roles in the regulation of the immune system, although its possible immunoregulatory role in infectious inflammatory osteolytic conditions remains largely unknown. Here, we used a mouse model of infectious inflammatory periapical lesions subjected to continuous or transitory anti-RANKL inhibition, followed by the analysis of lesion outcome and multiple host response parameters. Anti-RANKL administration resulted in arrest of bone loss but interfered in the natural immunoregulation of the lesions observed in the untreated group. RANKL inhibition resulted in an unremitting proinflammatory response, persistent high proinflammatory and effector CD4 response, decreased regulatory T-cell (Treg) migration, and lower levels of Treg-related cytokines IL-10 and TGFb. Anti-RANKL blockade impaired the immunoregulatory process only in early disease stages, while the late administration of anti-RANKL did not interfere with the stablished immunoregulation. The impaired immunoregulation due to RANKL inhibition is characterized by increased delayed-type hypersensitivity in vivo and T-cell proliferation in vitro to the infecting bacteria, which mimic the effects of Treg inhibition, reinforcing a possible influence of RANKL on Treg-mediated suppressive response. The adoptive transfer of CD4+FOXp3+ Tregs to mice receiving anti-RANKL therapy restored the immunoregulatory capacity, attenuating the inflammatory response in the lesions, reestablishing normal T-cell response in vivo and in vitro, and preventing lesion relapse upon anti-RANKL therapy cessation. Therefore, while RANKL inhibition efficiently limited the periapical bone loss, it promoted an unremitting host inflammatory response by interfering with Treg activity, suggesting that this classic osteoclastogenic mediator plays a role in immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.F. Francisconi
- Department of Biological Sciences,
School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - A.E. Vieira
- Institute of Biological Sciences and
Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - M.C.S. Azevedo
- Department of Biological Sciences,
School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - A.P. Tabanez
- Department of Biological Sciences,
School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - A.C. Fonseca
- Department of Biological Sciences,
School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - A. Letra
- Department of Endodontics, School of
Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX,
USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical
Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science
Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - R.M. Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of
Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX,
USA
| | - C.S. Sfeir
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative
Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Periodontics and
Preventive Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S.R. Little
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative
Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum
Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - G.P. Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences,
School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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46
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Bando JK, Gilfillan S, Song C, McDonald KG, Huang SCC, Newberry RD, Kobayashi Y, Allan DSJ, Carlyle JR, Cella M, Colonna M. The Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Member RANKL Suppresses Effector Cytokine Production in Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Immunity 2018; 48:1208-1219.e4. [PMID: 29858011 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While signals that activate group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have been described, the factors that negatively regulate these cells are less well understood. Here we found that the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily member receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) suppressed ILC3 activity in the intestine. Deletion of RANKL in ILC3s and T cells increased C-C motif chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6)+ ILC3 abundance and enhanced production of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-22 in response to IL-23 and during infection with the enteric murine pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Additionally, CCR6+ ILC3s produced higher amounts of the master transcriptional regulator RORγt at steady state in the absence of RANKL. RANKL-mediated suppression was independent of T cells, and instead occurred via interactions between CCR6+ ILC3s that expressed both RANKL and its receptor, RANK. Thus, RANK-RANKL interactions between ILC3s regulate ILC3 abundance and activation, suggesting that cell clustering may control ILC3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Bando
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Christina Song
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Keely G McDonald
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Stanley C-C Huang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rodney D Newberry
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Kobayashi
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Hirooka Gohara, Shiojiri Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - David S J Allan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - James R Carlyle
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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47
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Abstract
Aberrant or prolonged immune responses often affect bone metabolism. The investigation on bone destruction observed in autoimmune arthritis contributed to the development of research area on effect of the immune system on bone. A number of reports on bone phenotypes of immunocompromised mice indicate that the immune and skeletal systems share various molecules, including transcription factors, signaling molecules, and membrane receptors, suggesting the interplay between the two systems. Furthermore, much attention has been paid to the modulation of immune cells, including hematopoietic progenitor cells, by bone cells in the bone marrow. Thus, osteoimmunology which deals with the crosstalk and shared mechanisms of the bone and immune systems became the conceptual framework fundamental to a proper understanding of both systems and the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Terashima
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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48
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Mizoguchi F, Slowikowski K, Wei K, Marshall JL, Rao DA, Chang SK, Nguyen HN, Noss EH, Turner JD, Earp BE, Blazar PE, Wright J, Simmons BP, Donlin LT, Kalliolias GD, Goodman SM, Bykerk VP, Ivashkiv LB, Lederer JA, Hacohen N, Nigrovic PA, Filer A, Buckley CD, Raychaudhuri S, Brenner MB. Functionally distinct disease-associated fibroblast subsets in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:789. [PMID: 29476097 PMCID: PMC5824882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02892-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts regulate tissue homeostasis, coordinate inflammatory responses, and mediate tissue damage. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), synovial fibroblasts maintain chronic inflammation which leads to joint destruction. Little is known about fibroblast heterogeneity or if aberrations in fibroblast subsets relate to pathology. Here, we show functional and transcriptional differences between fibroblast subsets from human synovial tissues using bulk transcriptomics of targeted subpopulations and single-cell transcriptomics. We identify seven fibroblast subsets with distinct surface protein phenotypes, and collapse them into three subsets by integrating transcriptomic data. One fibroblast subset, characterized by the expression of proteins podoplanin, THY1 membrane glycoprotein and cadherin-11, but lacking CD34, is threefold expanded in patients with RA relative to patients with osteoarthritis. These fibroblasts localize to the perivascular zone in inflamed synovium, secrete proinflammatory cytokines, are proliferative, and have an in vitro phenotype characteristic of invasive cells. Our strategy may be used as a template to identify pathogenic stromal cellular subsets in other complex diseases. Synovial fibroblasts are thought to be central mediators of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here the authors use single-cell transcriptomics and flow cytometry to identify synovial fibroblast subsets that are expanded and display distinct tissue distribution and function in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Mizoguchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kamil Slowikowski
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02446, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer L Marshall
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Deepak A Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sook Kyung Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,JW Creagene Corporation, Seongnam-Si, 13202, South Korea
| | - Hung N Nguyen
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Erika H Noss
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jason D Turner
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Brandon E Earp
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Philip E Blazar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John Wright
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Barry P Simmons
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Laura T Donlin
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - George D Kalliolias
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Susan M Goodman
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Vivian P Bykerk
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - James A Lederer
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Division of Immunology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Filer
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02446, USA. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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49
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Zhu P, Zhang Z, Huang X, Liang S, Khandekar N, Song Z, Lin S. RANKL Reduces Body Weight and Food Intake via the Modulation of Hypothalamic NPY/CART Expression. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:969-977. [PMID: 30013437 PMCID: PMC6036154 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.24373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) modulates energy metabolism. However, how RANKL regulates energy homeostasis is still not clear. This study aims to investigate the central mechanisms by which central administration of RANKL inhibits food intake and causes weight loss in mice. We carried out a systematic and in-depth analysis of the neuronal pathways by which RANKL mediates catabolic effects. After intracerebroventricle (i.c.v.) injection of RANKL, the expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA in the Arc was significantly decreased, while the CART mRNA expression dramatically increased in the Arc and DMH. However, the agouti-related protein (AgRP) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA had no significant changes compared with control groups. Together, the results suggest that central administration of RANKL reduces food intake and causes weight loss via modulating the hypothalamic NPY/CART pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), China
| | - Xufeng Huang
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Shiyu Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), China
| | - Neeta Khandekar
- Neurological Diseases Division, Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Zhiyuan Song
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), China
| | - Shu Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), China.,School of Medicine, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, NSW 2522, Australia
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50
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Okamoto K, Nakashima T, Shinohara M, Negishi-Koga T, Komatsu N, Terashima A, Sawa S, Nitta T, Takayanagi H. Osteoimmunology: The Conceptual Framework Unifying the Immune and Skeletal Systems. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1295-1349. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune and skeletal systems share a variety of molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, hormones, receptors, and transcription factors. Bone cells interact with immune cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Osteoimmunology was created as a new interdisciplinary field in large part to highlight the shared molecules and reciprocal interactions between the two systems in both heath and disease. Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) plays an essential role not only in the development of immune organs and bones, but also in autoimmune diseases affecting bone, thus effectively comprising the molecule that links the two systems. Here we review the function, gene regulation, and signal transduction of osteoimmune molecules, including RANKL, in the context of osteoclastogenesis as well as multiple other regulatory functions. Osteoimmunology has become indispensable for understanding the pathogenesis of a number of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We review the various osteoimmune pathologies, including the bone destruction in RA, in which pathogenic helper T cell subsets [such as IL-17-expressing helper T (Th17) cells] induce bone erosion through aberrant RANKL expression. We also focus on cellular interactions and the identification of the communication factors in the bone marrow, discussing the contribution of bone cells to the maintenance and regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitors cells. Thus the time has come for a basic reappraisal of the framework for understanding both the immune and bone systems. The concept of a unified osteoimmune system will be absolutely indispensable for basic and translational approaches to diseases related to bone and/or the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Okamoto
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakashima
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinohara
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Negishi-Koga
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Komatsu
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Terashima
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nitta
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
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