1
|
Sargsian S, Mondragón-Palomino O, Lejeune A, Ercelen D, Jin WB, Varghese A, Lim YAL, Guo CJ, Loke P, Cadwell K. Functional characterization of helminth-associated Clostridiales reveals covariates of Treg differentiation. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:86. [PMID: 38730492 PMCID: PMC11084060 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasitic helminths influence the composition of the gut microbiome. However, the microbiomes of individuals living in helminth-endemic regions are understudied. The Orang Asli, an indigenous population in Malaysia with high burdens of the helminth Trichuris trichiura, display microbiotas enriched in Clostridiales, an order of spore-forming obligate anaerobes with immunogenic properties. We previously isolated novel Clostridiales that were enriched in these individuals and found that a subset promoted the Trichuris life cycle. In this study, we aimed to further characterize the functional properties of these bacteria. RESULTS Clostridiales isolates were profiled for their ability to perform 57 enzymatic reactions and produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and hydrogen sulfide, revealing that these bacteria were capable of a range of activities associated with metabolism and host response. Consistent with this finding, monocolonization of mice with individual isolates identified bacteria that were potent inducers of regulatory T-cell (Treg) differentiation in the colon. Comparisons between variables revealed by these studies identified enzymatic properties correlated with Treg induction and Trichuris egg hatching. CONCLUSION We identified Clostridiales species that are sufficient to induce high levels of Tregs. We also identified a set of metabolic activities linked with Treg differentiation and Trichuris egg hatching mediated by these newly isolated bacteria. Altogether, this study provides functional insights into the microbiotas of individuals residing in a helminth-endemic region. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shushan Sargsian
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Octavio Mondragón-Palomino
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alannah Lejeune
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Defne Ercelen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Wen-Bing Jin
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Alan Varghese
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Yvonne A L Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Jun Guo
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - P'ng Loke
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Zhao X, Li X, Jin X. Akkermansia muciniphila: a deworming partner independent of type 2 immunity. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2338947. [PMID: 38717824 PMCID: PMC11086001 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2338947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has coevolved with the host for hundreds of millions of years, playing a beneficial role in host health. Human parasitic helminths are widespread and pose a pervasive global public health issue. Although Type 2 immunity provides partial resistance to helminth infections, the composition of the gut microbiota can change correspondingly. Therefore, it raises the question of what role the gut microbiota plays during helminth infection. Akkermansia muciniphila has emerged as a notable representative of beneficial microorganisms in the gut microbiota. Recent studies indicate that A. muciniphila is not merely associated with helminth infection but is also causally linked to infection. Here, we provide an overview of the crosstalk between A. muciniphila and enteric helminth infection. Our goal is to enhance our understanding of the interplay among A. muciniphila, helminths, and their hosts while also exploring the potential underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiufeng Zhao
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xianhe Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Xuemin Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han G, Vaishnava S. Microbial underdogs: exploring the significance of low-abundance commensals in host-microbe interactions. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2498-2507. [PMID: 38036729 PMCID: PMC10767002 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of host-microbe interactions has broadened through numerous studies over the past decades. However, most investigations primarily focus on the dominant members within ecosystems while neglecting low-abundance microorganisms. Moreover, laboratory animals usually do not have microorganisms beyond bacteria. The phenotypes observed in laboratory animals, including the immune system, have displayed notable discrepancies when compared to real-world observations due to the diverse microbial community in natural environments. Interestingly, recent studies have unveiled the beneficial roles played by low-abundance microorganisms. Despite their rarity, these keystone taxa play a pivotal role in shaping the microbial composition and fulfilling specific functions in the host. Consequently, understanding low-abundance microorganisms has become imperative to unravel true commensalism. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of important findings on how low-abundance commensal microorganisms, including low-abundance bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protozoa, interact with the host and contribute to host phenotypes, with emphasis on the immune system. Indeed, low-abundance microorganisms play vital roles in the development of the host's immune system, influence disease status, and play a key role in shaping microbial communities in specific niches. Understanding the roles of low-abundance microbes is important and will lead to a better understanding of the true host-microbe relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geongoo Han
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Shipra Vaishnava
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pillay R, Mkhize-Kwitshana ZL, Horsnell WGC, Icke C, Henderson I, Selkirk ME, Berkachy R, Naidoo P, Niehaus AJ, Singh R, Cunningham AF, O'Shea MK. Excretory-secretory products from adult helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis have in vitro bactericidal activity. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 37929930 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Intestinal helminths and microbiota share the same anatomical niche during infection and are likely to interact either directly or indirectly. Whether intestinal helminths employ bactericidal strategies that influence their microbial environment is not completely understood.Hypothesis. In the present study, the hypothesis that the adult hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis produces molecules that impair bacterial growth in vitro, is tested.Aim. To investigate the in vitro bactericidal activity of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis against commensal and pathogenic bacteria.Methodology. The bactericidal effect of somatic extract and excretory-secretory products of adult Nippostrongylus brasiliensis on Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria was assessed using growth assays. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration assays were performed using excretory-secretory products released from the pathogen.Results. Broad-spectrum in vitro bactericidal activity in excretory-secretory products, but not somatic extract of adult Nippostrongylus brasiliensis was detected. The bactericidal activity of excretory-secretory products was concentration-dependent, maintained after heat treatment, and preserved after repeated freezing and thawing.Conclusion. The results of this study demonstrate that helminths such as Nippostrongylus brasiliensis release molecules via their excretory-secretory pathway that have broad-spectrum bactericidal activity. The mechanisms responsible for this bactericidal activity remain to be determined and further studies aimed at isolating and identifying active bactericidal molecules are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Pillay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Umlazi, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Division of Research Capacity Development, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zilungile L Mkhize-Kwitshana
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Division of Research Capacity Development, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - William G C Horsnell
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Christopher Icke
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian Henderson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Murray E Selkirk
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rita Berkachy
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pragalathan Naidoo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Division of Research Capacity Development, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Abraham J Niehaus
- Department of Microbiology, Ampath Laboratories, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ravesh Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Adam F Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Matthew K O'Shea
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xie Y, Xu D, Yan S, Hu X, Chen S, Guo K, Wang J, Chen Q, Guan W. The impact of MIF deficiency on alterations of fecal microbiota in C57BL/6 mice induced by Trichinella spiralis infection. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23202. [PMID: 37732633 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300179rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Trichinellosis caused by Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) is a major food-borne parasitic zoonosis worldwide. Prevention of trichinellosis is an effective strategy to improve patient quality of life. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is closely related to the occurrence and development of several parasitic diseases. Studying the impact of MIF deficiency (Mif-/- ) on the alterations in host fecal microbiota due to T. spiralis infection may contribute to proposing a novel dual therapeutic approach for trichinellosis. To reveal the diversity and differences in fecal microbial composition, feces were collected from T. spiralis-uninfected and T. spiralis-infected wild-type (WT) and MIF knockout (KO) C57BL/6 mice at 0, 7, 14, and 35 days post-infection (dpi), and the samples were sent for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq platform. Flow cytometry was used to determine the expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the CD4+ /CD8+ T-cell sets of mouse spleens. The results showed that operational taxonomic unit (OTU) clustering, relative abundance of microbial composition, alpha diversity, and beta diversity exhibited significant changes among the eight groups. The LEfSe analysis selected several potential biomarkers at the genus or species level, including Akkermansia muciniphila, Lactobacillus murinus, Coprococcus catus, Firmicutes bacterium M10_2, Parabacteroides sp. CT06, and Bacteroides between the KTs and WTs groups. The predicted bacterial functions of the fecal microbiota were mainly involved in metabolism, such as the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors, vitamins, nucleotides, glycans, and lipids. Flow cytometry revealed an increased CD3+ CD8- /CD3+ CD8+ T-cell ratio and increased IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in CD3+ CD8- T-cell sets from WT and MIF KO mice at 7 dpi. The results indicated that both MIF KO and infection time have a significant influence on the CD3+ CD8- IFN-γ+ and CD3+ CD8- IL-4+ response in mice after T. spiralis. In conclusion, this research showed alterations of the fecal microbiota and immune response in both WT and MIF KO mice before and after T. spiralis infection. These results revealed a potential role of MIF in regulating the pathogenesis of trichinellosis related to the intestinal microbiota. Importantly, the selected potential biomarkers combined with MIF will also offer a novel therapeutic approach to treat trichinellosis in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Xie
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Daoxiu Xu
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Siyi Yan
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Sirui Chen
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Qinghai Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li C, Liu Y, Liu X, Bai X, Jin X, Xu F, Chen H, Zhang Y, Vallee I, Liu M, Yang Y. The gut microbiota contributes to changes in the host immune response induced by Trichinella spiralis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011479. [PMID: 37585413 PMCID: PMC10431649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in parasite-host interactions and the induction of immune defense responses. Trichinella spiralis is an important zoonotic parasite that can directly or indirectly interact with the host in the gut. Changes in the gut microbiota following infection with T. spiralis and the role of the gut microbiota in host immune defense against T. spiralis infection were investigated in our study. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that infection with T. spiralis can reduce the diversity of the gut microbiota and alter the structure of the gut microbiota during early infection, which was restored when the worm left the gut. Antibiotic treatment (ABX) and fecal bacterial transplantation (FMT) were used to investigate the role of the gut microbiota in the host expulsion response during infection with T. spiralis. We found that ABX mice had a higher burden of parasites, and the burden of parasites decreased after fecal bacterial transplantation. The results of flow cytometry and qPCR revealed that the disturbance of the gut microbiota affects the proportion of CD4+ T cells and the production of IL-4, which weakens Th2 responses and makes expulsion difficult. In addition, as the inflammatory response decreased with the changes of the microbiota, the Th1 response also decreased. The metabolomic results were in good agreement with these findings, as the levels of inflammatory metabolites such as ceramides were reduced in the ABX group. In general, T. spiralis infection can cause changes in the gut microbiota, and the presence or absence of microbes may also weaken intestinal inflammation and the expulsion of T. spiralis by affecting the immune response of the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuemin Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Isabelle Vallee
- UMR BIPAR, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, INRA, University Paris-Est, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shan Xi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Hardy LC, Kapita CM, Hall JA, Arbeeva L, Campbell E, Urban JF, Belkaid Y, Nagler CR, Iweala OI. Intestinal Helminth Infection Impairs Oral and Parenteral Vaccine Efficacy. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:389-402. [PMID: 37272847 PMCID: PMC10524302 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of endemic parasitic infection on vaccine efficacy is an important consideration for vaccine development and deployment. We have examined whether intestinal infection with the natural murine helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri alters Ag-specific Ab and cellular immune responses to oral and parenteral vaccination in mice. Oral vaccination of mice with a clinically relevant, live, attenuated, recombinant Salmonella vaccine expressing chicken egg OVA (Salmonella-OVA) induced the accumulation of activated, OVA-specific T effector cells rather than OVA-specific regulatory T cells in the GALT. Intestinal helminth infection significantly reduced Th1-skewed Ab responses to oral vaccination with Salmonella-OVA. Activated, adoptively transferred, OVA-specific CD4+ T cells accumulated in draining mesenteric lymph nodes of vaccinated mice, regardless of their helminth infection status. However, helminth infection increased the frequencies of adoptively transferred OVA-specific CD4+ T cells producing IL-4 and IL-10 in the mesenteric lymph node. Ab responses to the oral Salmonella-OVA vaccine were reduced in helminth-free mice adoptively transferred with OVA-specific CD4+ T cells harvested from mice with intestinal helminth infection. Intestinal helminth infection also significantly reduced Th2-skewed Ab responses to parenteral vaccination with OVA adsorbed to alum. These findings suggest that vaccine-specific CD4+ T cells induced in the context of helminth infection retain durable immunomodulatory properties and may promote blunted Ab responses to vaccination. They also underscore the potential need to treat parasitic infection before mass vaccination campaigns in helminth-endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yugen Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - LaKeya C. Hardy
- Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - Camille M. Kapita
- Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - Jason A. Hall
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Microbiome Program and Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - Evelyn Campbell
- Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
| | - Joseph F. Urban
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory and Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue BLDG 307-C BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, 20705
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Microbiome Program and Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Cathryn R. Nagler
- Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Disease, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Onyinye I. Iweala
- Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Disease, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Guo A, Zou Y, Mu W, Zhang S, Shi Z, Liu Z, Cai X, Zhu XQ, Wang S. Interaction between tissue-dwelling helminth and the gut microbiota drives mucosal immunoregulation. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:43. [PMID: 37355675 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-dwelling helminths affect billions of people around the world. They are potent manipulators of the host immune system, prominently by promoting regulatory T cells (Tregs) and are generally associated with a modified host gut microbiome. However, the role of the gut microbiota in the immunomodulatory processes for these non-intestinal parasites is still unclear. In the present study, we used an extra-intestinal cestode helminth model-larval Echinococcus multilocularis to explore the tripartite partnership (host-helminth-bacteria) in the context of regulating colonic Tregs in Balb/c mice. We showed that larval E. multilocularis infection in the peritoneal cavity attenuated colitis in Balb/c mice and induced a significant expansion of colonic Foxp3+ Treg populations. Fecal microbiota depletion and transplantation experiments showed that the gut microbiota contributed to increasing Tregs after the helminth infection. Shotgun metagenomic and metabolic analyses revealed that the gut microbiome structure after infection was significantly shifted with a remarkable increase of Lactobacillus reuteri and that the microbial metabolic capability was reprogrammed to produce more Treg cell regulator-short-chain fatty acids in feces. Furthermore, we also prove that the L. reuteri strain elevated in infected mice was sufficient to promote the colonic Treg frequency and its growth was potentially associated with T cell-dependent immunity in larval E. multilocularis infection. Collectively, these findings indicate that the extraintestinal helminth drives expansions of host colonic Tregs through the gut microbes. This study suggests that the gut microbiome serves as a critical component of anti-inflammation effects even for a therapy based on an extraintestinal helminth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yugui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province, 030801, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Aijiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Gansu, 730046, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Yang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Wenjie Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Shengying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Zhiqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Zhongli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xuepeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province, 030801, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Gansu, 730046, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sargsian S, Lejeune A, Ercelen D, Jin WB, Varghese A, Loke P, Lim YAL, Guo CJ, Cadwell K. Functional characterization of helminth-associated Clostridiales reveals covariates of Treg differentiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.05.543751. [PMID: 37333296 PMCID: PMC10274677 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.05.543751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic helminths influence the composition of the gut microbiome. However, the microbiomes of individuals living in helminth-endemic regions are understudied. The Orang Asli, an indigenous population in Malaysia with high burdens of the helminth Trichuris trichiura, displayed microbiotas enriched in Clostridiales, an order of spore-forming obligate anaerobes previously shown to have immunogenic properties. We previously isolated novel Clostridiales that were enriched in these individuals and found that a subset promoted the Trichuris life cycle. Here, we further characterized the functional properties of these bacteria. Enzymatic and metabolomic profiling revealed a range of activities associated with metabolism and host response. Consistent with this finding, monocolonization of mice with individual isolates identified bacteria that were potent inducers of regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation in the colon. Comparisons between variables revealed by these studies identified enzymatic properties correlated with Treg induction and Trichuris egg hatching. These results provide functional insights into the microbiotas of an understudied population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shushan Sargsian
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alannah Lejeune
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Defne Ercelen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Wen-Bing Jin
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alan Varghese
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - P’ng Loke
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yvonne A. L. Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Jun Guo
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Lead Contact
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Just as mammals have coevolved with the intestinal bacterial communities that are part of the microbiota, intestinal helminths represent an important selective force on their mammalian host. The complex interaction between helminths, microbes, and their mammalian host is likely an important determinant of mutual fitness. The host immune system in particular is a critical interface with both helminths and the microbiota, and this crosstalk often determines the balance between tolerance and resistance against these widespread parasites. Hence, there are many examples of how both helminths and the microbiota can influence tissue homeostasis and homeostatic immunity. Understanding these processes at a cellular and molecular level is an exciting area of research that we seek to highlight in this review and that will potentially guide future treatment approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P'ng Loke
- Type 2 Immunity Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rooney J, Cantacessi C, Sotillo J, Cortés A. Gastrointestinal worms and bacteria: From association to intervention. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e12955. [PMID: 36300732 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of studies, both experimental and epidemiological, have indicated the occurrence of associations between infections by gastrointestinal (GI) helminths and the composition and function of the host gut microbiota. Given the worldwide risk and spread of anthelmintic resistance, particularly for GI parasites of livestock, a better understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the relationships between GI helminths and the gut microbiome, and between the latter and host health, may assist the development of novel microbiome-targeting and other bacteria-based strategies for parasite control. In this article, we review current and prospective methods to manipulate the host gut microbiome, and/or to exploit the immune stimulatory and modulatory properties of gut bacteria (and their products) to counteract the negative impact of GI worm infections; we also discuss the potential applications of these intervention strategies in programmes aimed to aid the fight against helminth diseases of humans and livestock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Rooney
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Cortés
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stark KA, Rinaldi G, Cortés A, Costain A, MacDonald AS, Cantacessi C. The role of the host gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of schistosomiasis. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e12970. [PMID: 36655799 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of schistosomiasis is linked to the formation of fibrous granulomas around eggs that become trapped in host tissues, particularly the intestines and liver, during their migration to reach the lumen of the vertebrate gut. While the development of Schistosoma egg-induced granulomas is the result of finely regulated crosstalk between egg-secreted antigens and host immunity, evidence has started to emerge of the likely contribution of an additional player-the host gut microbiota-to pathological processes that culminate with the formation of these tissue lesions. Uncovering the role(s) of schistosome-mediated changes in gut microbiome composition and function in granuloma formation and, more broadly, in the pathophysiology of schistosomiasis, will shed light on the mechanisms underlying this three-way parasite-host-microbiome interplay. Such knowledge may, in turn, pave the way towards the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klara A Stark
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gabriel Rinaldi
- Department of Life Sciences, Edward Llwyd Building, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Alba Cortés
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Alice Costain
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fenn J, Taylor C, Goertz S, Wanelik KM, Paterson S, Begon M, Jackson J, Bradley J. Discrete patterns of microbiome variability across timescales in a wild rodent population. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:87. [PMID: 36997846 PMCID: PMC10061908 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian gastrointestinal microbiomes are highly variable, both within individuals and across populations, with changes linked to time and ageing being widely reported. Discerning patterns of change in wild mammal populations can therefore prove challenging. We used high-throughput community sequencing methods to characterise the microbiome of wild field voles (Microtus agrestis) from faecal samples collected across 12 live-trapping field sessions, and then at cull. Changes in α- and β-diversity were modelled over three timescales. Short-term differences (following 1–2 days captivity) were analysed between capture and cull, to ascertain the degree to which the microbiome can change following a rapid change in environment. Medium-term changes were measured between successive trapping sessions (12–16 days apart), and long-term changes between the first and final capture of an individual (from 24 to 129 days). The short period between capture and cull was characterised by a marked loss of species richness, while over medium and long-term in the field, richness slightly increased. Changes across both short and long timescales indicated shifts from a Firmicutes-dominant to a Bacteroidetes-dominant microbiome. Dramatic changes following captivity indicate that changes in microbiome diversity can be rapid, following a change of environment (food sources, temperature, lighting etc.). Medium- and long-term patterns of change indicate an accrual of gut bacteria associated with ageing, with these new bacteria being predominately represented by Bacteroidetes. While the patterns of change observed are unlikely to be universal to wild mammal populations, the potential for analogous shifts across timescales should be considered whenever studying wild animal microbiomes. This is especially true if studies involve animal captivity, as there are potential ramifications both for animal health, and the validity of the data itself as a reflection of a ‘natural’ state of an animal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Fenn
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Christopher Taylor
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Sarah Goertz
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Klara M. Wanelik
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steve Paterson
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mike Begon
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joe Jackson
- grid.8752.80000 0004 0460 5971University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Jan Bradley
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Petrellis G, Piedfort O, Katsandegwaza B, Dewals BG. Parasitic worms affect virus coinfection: a mechanistic overview. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:358-372. [PMID: 36935340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Helminths are parasitic worms that coevolve with their host, usually resulting in long-term persistence through modulating host immunity. The multifarious mechanisms altering the immune system induced by helminths have significant implications on the control of coinfecting pathogens such as viruses. Here, we explore the recent literature to highlight the main immune alterations and mechanisms that affect the control of viral coinfection. Insights from these mechanisms are valuable in the understanding of clinical observations in helminth-prevalent areas and in the design of new therapeutic and vaccination strategies to control viral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Petrellis
- Laboratory of Parasitology, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Immunology-Vaccinology, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ophélie Piedfort
- Laboratory of Parasitology, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Immunology-Vaccinology, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Brunette Katsandegwaza
- Laboratory of Parasitology, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Immunology-Vaccinology, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Benjamin G Dewals
- Laboratory of Parasitology, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Immunology-Vaccinology, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Eco-evolutionary implications of helminth microbiomes. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e22. [PMID: 36790127 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of helminth parasites has long been seen as an interplay between host resistance to infection and the parasite's capacity to bypass such resistance. However, there has recently been an increasing appreciation of the role of symbiotic microbes in the interaction of helminth parasites and their hosts. It is now clear that helminths have a different microbiome from the organisms they parasitize, and sometimes amid large variability, components of the microbiome are shared among different life stages or among populations of the parasite. Helminths have been shown to acquire microbes from their parent generations (vertical transmission) and from their surroundings (horizontal transmission). In this latter case, natural selection has been strongly linked to the fact that helminth-associated microbiota is not simply a random assemblage of the pool of microbes available from their organismal hosts or environments. Indeed, some helminth parasites and specific microbial taxa have evolved complex ecological relationships, ranging from obligate mutualism to reproductive manipulation of the helminth by associated microbes. However, our understanding is still very elementary regarding the net effect of all microbiome components in the eco-evolution of helminths and their interaction with hosts. In this non-exhaustible review, we focus on the bacterial microbiome associated with helminths (as opposed to the microbiome of their hosts) and highlight relevant concepts and key findings in bacterial transmission, ecological associations, and taxonomic and functional diversity of the bacteriome. We integrate the microbiome dimension in a discussion of the evolution of helminth parasites and identify fundamental knowledge gaps, finally suggesting research avenues for understanding the eco-evolutionary impacts of the microbiome in host-parasite interactions in light of new technological developments.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hodžić A, Dheilly NM, Cabezas-Cruz A, Berry D. The helminth holobiont: a multidimensional host-parasite-microbiota interaction. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:91-100. [PMID: 36503639 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal helminths have developed multiple mechanisms by which they manipulate the host microbiome to make a favorable environment for their long-term survival. While the impact of helminth infections on vertebrate host immunity and its gut microbiota is relatively well studied, little is known about the structure and functioning of microbial populations supported by metazoan parasites. Here we argue that an integrated understanding of the helminth-associated microbiome and its role in the host disease pathogenesis may facilitate the discovery of specific microbial and/or genetic patterns critical for parasite biology and subsequently pave the way for the development of alternative control strategies against parasites and parasitic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Hodžić
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science (CMESS), Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology (DoME), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nolwenn M Dheilly
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - David Berry
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science (CMESS), Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology (DoME), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Expansion of Opportunistic Enteric Fungal Pathogens and Occurrence of Gut Inflammation in Human Liver Echinococcosis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0145322. [PMID: 36098525 PMCID: PMC9602787 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01453-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that the gut fungal mycobiota is implicated in human disease. However, its relationship with chronic helminth infections, which cause immunosuppression and affect over 1 billion people worldwide, remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated the gut mycobiome and its associations with gut homeostasis in a severe helminth disease worldwide: liver echinococcosis. Fecal samples from 63 patients and 42 healthy controls were collected to characterize the fungal signatures using ITS1 sequencing, QIIME pipeline, and machine learning analysis. The levels of fecal calprotectin and serological anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) in these subjects were experimentally measured. We found that fungal microbiota was significantly skewed in disease, with an overrepresentation of Aspergillus, Candida, Geotrichum, Kazachstania, and Penicillium and a decrease of Fusarium. Machine learning analysis revealed that the altered fungal features could efficiently predict infection with high sensitivity and specificity (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.93). The dysbiosis was characterized by expansions of multiple opportunistic pathogens (Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp.). Clinical association analysis revealed that host immunity might link to the expansions of the invasive fungi. Accompanying the opportunistic pathogen expansion, the levels of fungi-associated fecal calprotectin and serological ASCA in the patients were elevated, suggesting that gut inflammation and microbiota translocation occurred in this generally assumed extraintestinal disease. This study highlights enteric fungal pathogen expansions and increased levels of markers for fungi-associated mucosal inflammation and intestinal permeability as hallmarks of liver echinococcosis. IMPORTANCE Helminth infection affects over 1 billion people worldwide. However, its relationship with the gut mycobiome remains unknown. Among the most prevalent helminth diseases, human hydatid disease (echinococcosis) is highlighted as one of the most important (second/third for alveolar/cystic echinococcosis) foodborne parasitic diseases at the global level. Herein, we investigated the mycobiome and gut homeostasis (i.e., inflammation and permeability) in human echinococcosis. Our results revealed that fungal dysbiosis with an expansion of opportunistic pathogens and increased levels of fecal calprotectin and serum ASCA are hallmarks of human liver echinococcosis. Host immunity is associated with enteric fungal expansions. These findings suggest that an extraintestinal helminth infection is able to alter gut fungal microbiota and impair gut homeostasis, which resembles concomitant gut symptoms in inflammatory gut-related diseases (e.g., AIDS). In clinical practice, physicians need to take cautious medical consideration of gut health for nonintestinal helminth diseases.
Collapse
|
18
|
Doolin ML, Weinstein SB, Dearing MD. PINWORMS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH TAXONOMIC BUT NOT FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCES IN THE GUT MICROBIOME OF WHITE-THROATED WOODRATS (NEOTOMA ALBIGULA). J Parasitol 2022; 108:408-418. [PMID: 36066907 DOI: 10.1645/22-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrates rely on their gut microbiome for digestion, and changes to gut microbial communities can impact host health. Past work, primarily in model organisms, has revealed that endoparasites disrupt the gut microbiome. Here, using wild-caught white-throated woodrats (Neotoma albigula), we tested whether naturally acquired parasite infections are associated with different microbiome structure and function. We surveyed wild N. albigula in eastern Utah for gastrointestinal parasites in the spring and fall of 2019, using traditional fecal float methods and testing a PCR-based approach to detect infection. We tested whether the host gut microbiome structure and function differed based on infection with the most prevalent parasite, the pinworm Lamotheoxyuris ackerti. In spring, infected and uninfected animals had significantly different microbiomes, but these differences were not detected in the fall. However, for both sampling periods, infection was associated with differences in particular microbial taxa determined by differential abundance analysis. As N. albigula rely on their microbiomes to digest both fiber and the plant defensive compound oxalate, we compared microbiome function by measuring dry matter digestibility and oxalate intake in infected and uninfected animals. Although we expected infected animals to have reduced fiber degradation and oxalate intake, we found no difference in microbiome function using these assays. This work suggests that parasite effects on the microbiome may be difficult to detect in complex natural systems, and more studies in wild organisms are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Doolin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Sara B Weinstein
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - M Denise Dearing
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Webster HC, Gamino V, Andrusaite AT, Ridgewell OJ, McCowan J, Shergold AL, Heieis GA, Milling SWF, Maizels RM, Perona-Wright G. Tissue-based IL-10 signalling in helminth infection limits IFNγ expression and promotes the intestinal Th2 response. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1257-1269. [PMID: 35428872 PMCID: PMC9705258 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity is activated in response to both allergens and helminth infection. It can be detrimental or beneficial, and there is a pressing need to better understand its regulation. The immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 is known as a T helper 2 (Th2) effector molecule, but it is currently unclear whether IL-10 dampens or promotes Th2 differentiation during infection. Here we show that helminth infection in mice elicits IL-10 expression in both the intestinal lamina propria and the draining mesenteric lymph node, with higher expression in the infected tissue. In vitro, exogenous IL-10 enhanced Th2 differentiation in isolated CD4+ T cells, increasing expression of GATA3 and production of IL-5 and IL-13. The ability of IL-10 to amplify the Th2 response coincided with its suppression of IFNγ expression and in vivo we found that, in intestinal helminth infection, IL-10 receptor expression was higher on Th1 cells in the small intestine than on Th2 cells in the same tissue, or on any Th cell in the draining lymph node. In vivo blockade of IL-10 signalling during helminth infection resulted in an expansion of IFNγ+ and Tbet+ Th1 cells in the small intestine and a coincident decrease in IL-13, IL-5 and GATA3 expression by intestinal T cells. These changes in Th2 cytokines correlated with reduced expression of type 2 effector molecules, such as RELMα, and increased parasite egg production. Together our data indicate that IL-10 signalling promotes Th2 differentiation during helminth infection at least in part by regulating competing Th1 cells in the infected tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly C Webster
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Virginia Gamino
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna T Andrusaite
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Olivia J Ridgewell
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jack McCowan
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Amy L Shergold
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Graham A Heieis
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simon W F Milling
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Georgia Perona-Wright
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Loke P, Lee SC, Oyesola OO. Effects of helminths on the human immune response and the microbiome. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1224-1233. [PMID: 35732819 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Helminths have evolved sophisticated immune regulating mechanisms to prevent rejection by their mammalian host. Our understanding of how the human immune system responds to these parasites remains poor compared to mouse models of infection and this limits our ability to develop vaccines as well as harness their unique properties as therapeutic strategies against inflammatory disorders. Here, we review how recent studies on human challenge infections, self-infected individuals, travelers, and endemic populations have improved our understanding of human type 2 immunity and its effects on the microbiome. The heterogeneity of responses between individuals and the limited access to tissue samples beyond the peripheral blood are challenges that limit human studies on helminths, but also provide opportunities to transform our understanding of human immunology. Organoids and single-cell sequencing are exciting new tools for immunological analysis that may aid this pursuit. Learning about the genetic and immunological basis of resistance, tolerance, and pathogenesis to helminth infections may thus uncover mechanisms that can be utilized for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P'ng Loke
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Soo Ching Lee
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Oyebola O Oyesola
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Oyesola OO, Souza COS, Loke P. The Influence of Genetic and Environmental Factors and Their Interactions on Immune Response to Helminth Infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:869163. [PMID: 35572520 PMCID: PMC9103684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth infection currently affect over 2 billion people worldwide, with those with the most pathologies and morbidities, living in regions with unequal and disproportionate access to effective healthcare solutions. Host genetics and environmental factors play critical roles in modulating and regulating immune responses following exposure to various pathogens and insults. However, the interplay of environment and genetic factors in influencing who gets infected and the establishment, persistence, and clearance of helminth parasites remains unclear. Inbred strains of mice have long been used to investigate the role of host genetic factors on pathogenesis and resistance to helminth infection in a laboratory setting. This review will discuss the use of ecological and environmental mouse models to study helminth infections and how this could be used in combination with host genetic variation to explore the relative contribution of these factors in influencing immune response to helminth infections. Improved understanding of interactions between genetics and the environment to helminth immune responses would be important for efforts to identify and develop new prophylactic and therapeutic options for the management of helminth infections and their pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
22
|
Relevance of Helminth-Microbiota Interplay in the Host Immune Response. Cell Immunol 2022; 374:104499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
23
|
Moyat M, Lebon L, Perdijk O, Wickramasinghe LC, Zaiss MM, Mosconi I, Volpe B, Guenat N, Shah K, Coakley G, Bouchery T, Harris NL. Microbial regulation of intestinal motility provides resistance against helminth infection. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1283-1295. [PMID: 35288644 PMCID: PMC9705251 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminths cause widespread disease, infecting ~1.5 billion people living within poverty-stricken regions of tropical and subtropical countries. As adult worms inhabit the intestine alongside bacterial communities, we determined whether the bacterial microbiota impacted on host resistance against intestinal helminth infection. We infected germ-free, antibiotic-treated and specific pathogen-free mice, with the intestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri. Mice harboured increased parasite numbers in the absence of a bacterial microbiota, despite mounting a robust helminth-induced type 2 immune response. Alterations to parasite behaviour could already be observed at early time points following infection, including more proximal distribution of infective larvae along the intestinal tract and increased migration in a Baermann assay. Mice lacking a complex bacterial microbiota exhibited reduced levels of intestinal acetylcholine, a major excitatory intestinal neurotransmitter that promotes intestinal transit by activating muscarinic receptors. Both intestinal motility and host resistance against larval infection were restored by treatment with the muscarinic agonist bethanechol. These data provide evidence that a complex bacterial microbiota provides the host with resistance against intestinal helminths via its ability to regulate intestinal motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mati Moyat
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Luc Lebon
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Perdijk
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Lakshanie C. Wickramasinghe
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Mario M. Zaiss
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ilaria Mosconi
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Volpe
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Guenat
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kathleen Shah
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gillian Coakley
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Tiffany Bouchery
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Nicola L. Harris
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hu Z, Zhang C, Sifuentes-Dominguez L, Zarek CM, Propheter DC, Kuang Z, Wang Y, Pendse M, Ruhn KA, Hassell B, Behrendt CL, Zhang B, Raj P, Harris-Tryon TA, Reese TA, Hooper LV. Small proline-rich protein 2A is a gut bactericidal protein deployed during helminth infection. Science 2021; 374:eabe6723. [PMID: 34735226 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe6723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A diverse group of antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) helps protect the mammalian intestine from varied microbial challenges. We show that small proline-rich protein 2A (SPRR2A) is an intestinal antibacterial protein that is phylogenetically unrelated to previously discovered mammalian AMPs. In this study, SPRR2A was expressed in Paneth cells and goblet cells and selectively killed Gram-positive bacteria by disrupting their membranes. SPRR2A shaped intestinal microbiota composition, restricted bacterial association with the intestinal surface, and protected against Listeria monocytogenes infection. SPRR2A differed from other intestinal AMPs in that it was induced by type 2 cytokines produced during helminth infection. Moreover, SPRR2A protected against helminth-induced bacterial invasion of intestinal tissue. Thus, SPRR2A is a distinctive AMP triggered by type 2 immunity that protects the intestinal barrier during helminth infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zehan Hu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chenlu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Luis Sifuentes-Dominguez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Christina M Zarek
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daniel C Propheter
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zheng Kuang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yuhao Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mihir Pendse
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kelly A Ruhn
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Brian Hassell
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cassie L Behrendt
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Prithvi Raj
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tamia A Harris-Tryon
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tiffany A Reese
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lora V Hooper
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Harris N, Wickramasinghe L. A helminth-induced antimicrobial protein. Science 2021; 374:682-683. [PMID: 34735253 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm3876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Harris
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lakshanie Wickramasinghe
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Barelli C, Donati C, Albanese D, Pafčo B, Modrý D, Rovero F, Hauffe HC. Interactions between parasitic helminths and gut microbiota in wild tropical primates from intact and fragmented habitats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21569. [PMID: 34732823 PMCID: PMC8566450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian gastrointestinal tract harbours a highly complex ecosystem composed of a variety of micro- (bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoans) and macro-organisms (helminths). Although most microbiota research focuses on the variation of single gut components, the crosstalk between components is still poorly characterized, especially in hosts living under natural conditions. We investigated the gut micro-biodiversity (bacteria, fungi and helminths) of 158 individuals of two wild non-human primates, the Udzungwa red colobus (Procolobus gordonorum) and the yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus). These species have contrasting diets and lifestyles, but live sympatrically in both human-impacted and pristine forests in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania. Using non-invasive faecal pellets, helminths were identified using standard microscopy while bacteria and fungi were characterized by sequencing the V1–V3 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the ITS1–ITS2 fragment for fungi. Our results show that both diversity and composition of bacteria and fungi are associated with variation in helminth presence. Although interactions differed by habitat type, in both primates we found that Strongyloides was negatively associated and Trichuris was positively associated with bacterial and fungal richness. To our knowledge, this is one of the few studies demonstrating an interaction between helminth and gut microbiota communities in wild non-human primates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Barelli
- Conservation Genetic Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele All'Adige, Italy. .,Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Claudio Donati
- Computational Biology Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele All'Adige, Italy
| | - Davide Albanese
- Computational Biology Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele All'Adige, Italy
| | - Barbora Pafčo
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Modrý
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco Rovero
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Heidi C Hauffe
- Conservation Genetic Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele All'Adige, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lin JD, Loke P. Helminth infections and cardiovascular diseases: A role for the microbiota and Mϕs? J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:1269-1276. [PMID: 34467547 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mr0721-786r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are rising in developing countries with increasing urbanization and lifestyle changes and remains a major cause of death in the developed world. In this mini review, we discuss the possibility that the effect of helminth infections on the immune system and the microbiota may affect risk factors in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, as part of the hygiene hypothesis. The effects of Type 2 immune responses induced by helminths and helminth derived molecules on regulating metabolism and Mϕ function could be a mechanistic link for further investigation. We emphasize the complexity and difficulties in determining indirect or direct and causal relationships between helminth infection status and cardiovascular diseases. New experimental models, such as rewilding laboratory mice, whereby different aspects of the environment and host genetics can be carefully dissected may provide further mechanistic insights and therapeutic strategies for treating cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Da Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - P'ng Loke
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen HL, Xing X, Zhang B, Huang HB, Shi CW, Yang GL, Wang CF. Higher mucosal type II immunity is associated with increased gut microbiota diversity in BALB/c mice after Trichinella spiralis infection. Mol Immunol 2021; 138:87-98. [PMID: 34364076 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interaction between the gut microbiota and Trichinella spiralis is of interest for the early diagnosis and development of therapeutics for trichinellosis and to reveal the potential role of microbiota in the mechanism of immunomodulation of this tissue-dwelling helminth. In this study, we utilized 16S rRNA gene sequencing to monitor the dynamics of the microbes in BALB/c mice challenged with T. spiralis. Flow cytometry and ELISA were used to analyze cytokines at the same time. Histopathological analysis of the duodenum was also conducted. We found that microbial perturbations occurred during infection. The abundance of the Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Ruminococcus 1 and Lactococcus decreased. However, the abundance of proinflammatory Parabacteroides increased over time after infection. T. spiralis infection also tended to inhibit IFN-γ production, and promote IL-4 and IL-10 levels. In total, T. spiralis disrupts gut homeostasis and impairs the development of the intestinal ecosystem. Defining the bacterial populations affected by T. spiralis infection might help identify microbial markers for diagnosis of the disease, and the populations could also be further exploited as a novel option to treat T. spiralis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Liang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai-Bin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Wei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Gui-Lian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Stracke K, Adisakwattana P, Phuanukoonnon S, Yoonuan T, Poodeepiyasawat A, Dekumyoy P, Chaisiri K, Roth Schulze A, Wilcox S, Karunajeewa H, Traub RJ, Jex AR. Field evaluation of the gut microbiome composition of pre-school and school-aged children in Tha Song Yang, Thailand, following oral MDA for STH infections. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009597. [PMID: 34310596 PMCID: PMC8341710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminths, such as roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworms (Trichuris trichiura) and hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma spp.), are gastrointestinal parasites that occur predominantly in low- to middle-income countries worldwide and disproportionally impact children. Depending on the STH species, health status of the host and infection intensity, direct impacts of these parasites include malnutrition, anaemia, diarrhoea and physical and cognitive stunting. The indirect consequences of these infections are less well understood. Specifically, gastrointestinal infections may exert acute or chronic impacts on the natural gut microfauna, leading to increased risk of post-infectious gastrointestinal disorders, and reduced gut and overall health through immunomodulating mechanisms. To date a small number of preliminary studies have assessed the impact of helminths on the gut microbiome, but these studies are conflicting. Here, we assessed STH burden in 273 pre-school and school-aged children in Tha Song Yang district, Tak province, Thailand receiving annual oral mebendazole treatment. Ascaris lumbricoides (107/273) and Trichuris trichiura (100/273) were the most prevalent species and often occurred as co-infections (66/273). Ancylostoma ceylanicum was detected in a small number of children as well (n = 3). All of these infections were of low intensity (<4,999 or 999 eggs per gram for Ascaris and Trichuris respectively). Using this information, we characterised the baseline gut microbiome profile and investigated acute STH-induced alterations, comparing infected with uninfected children at the time of sampling. We found no difference between these groups in bacterial alpha-diversity, but did observe differences in beta-diversity and specific differentially abundant OTUs, including increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides coprophilus, and reduced Bifidobacterium adolescentis, each of which have been previously implicated in STH-associated changes in the gut microfauna. Soil-transmitted helminth infections exhibit a significant negative impact on population health worldwide. In particular in endemic regions sub-groups such as children suffer disproportionally from infection due to impoverished living conditions. Yet many of these regions have no or limited availability of infection prevalence data to inform intervention strategies. Application of low sensitivity diagnostic tools such as microscopy exacerbate this issue. Moving towards molecular tools is key in order to establish a more accurate and complete epidemiological profile that can serve as a reference standard for future studies. Recently, a number of studies investigated the microbiota as an important factor determining overall patient health. The gut microbiota can be altered through medication, lifestyle factors and co-inhabitation of the same environmental niche with STHs. However, these microbiota studies often lack a characterised baseline. The current study provides baseline epidemiology data for a cohort of pre-school and school-age Thai children using a molecular diagnostic technique. We estimate the STH infection prevalence and intensity and characterise the host gut microbiota profile at a single cross-sectional timepoint comparing infected with uninfected children. This data can serve as a starting point for future studies investigating the impact of environmental factors and parasitic infections on patient health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Stracke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Poom Adisakwattana
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suparat Phuanukoonnon
- Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tippayarat Yoonuan
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Akkarin Poodeepiyasawat
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paron Dekumyoy
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kittipong Chaisiri
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Stephen Wilcox
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harin Karunajeewa
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine–Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca J. Traub
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty for Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron R. Jex
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty for Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jirků M, Lhotská Z, Frgelecová L, Kadlecová O, Petrželková KJ, Morien E, Jirků-Pomajbíková K. Helminth Interactions with Bacteria in the Host Gut Are Essential for Its Immunomodulatory Effect. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020226. [PMID: 33499240 PMCID: PMC7910914 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonization by the benign tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, has been associated with a reduction in intestinal inflammation and changes in bacterial microbiota. However, the role of microbiota in the tapeworm anti-inflammatory effect is not yet clear, and the aim of this study was to determine whether disruption of the microflora during worm colonization can affect the course of intestinal inflammation. We added a phase for disrupting the intestinal microbiota using antibiotics to the experimental design for which we previously demonstrated the protective effect of H. diminuta. We monitored the immunological markers, clinical parameters, bacterial microbiota, and histological changes in the colon of rats. After a combination of colonization, antibiotics, and colitis induction, we had four differently affected experimental groups. We observed a different course of the immune response in each group, but no protective effect was found. Rats treated with colonization and antibiotics showed a strong induction of the Th2 response as well as a significant change in microbial diversity. The microbial results also revealed differences in the richness and abundance of some bacterial taxa, influenced by various factors. Our data suggest that interactions between the tapeworm and bacteria may have a major impact on its protective effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Jirků
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (Z.L.); (O.K.); (K.J.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (K.J.-P.); Tel.: +420-38-777-5470 (M.J.); +420-38-777-5470 (K.J.P.)
| | - Zuzana Lhotská
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (Z.L.); (O.K.); (K.J.P.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Frgelecová
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Oldřiška Kadlecová
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (Z.L.); (O.K.); (K.J.P.)
| | - Klára Judita Petrželková
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (Z.L.); (O.K.); (K.J.P.)
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná, 8603 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Evan Morien
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 3156-6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Kateřina Jirků-Pomajbíková
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (Z.L.); (O.K.); (K.J.P.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (K.J.-P.); Tel.: +420-38-777-5470 (M.J.); +420-38-777-5470 (K.J.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen H, Mozzicafreddo M, Pierella E, Carletti V, Piersanti A, Ali SM, Ame SM, Wang C, Miceli C. Dissection of the gut microbiota in mothers and children with chronic Trichuris trichiura infection in Pemba Island, Tanzania. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:62. [PMID: 33468220 PMCID: PMC7814639 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soil-transmitted helminthiases are important neglected tropical diseases that result in a notably high number of disability-adjusted life years worldwide. Characterizing the interactions between the human intestinal microbiome and helminths is of interest in the development of alternative treatments that do not rely on chemotherapeutics and do not lead to drug resistance. Methods We recruited and obtained fecal samples from 32 pairs of mothers and children on Pemba Island and monitored their intestinal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results We observed that microbial changes occur in the gut microbiota of infected mothers and children. Some short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and carbohydrate-degrading bacteria exhibited lower abundance in the infected individuals. Potentially pathogenic Campylobacter and proinflammatory Methanobrevibacter in infected mothers and opportunistic Enterococcus in infected children exhibited greater abundance. Conclusions Our findings could reveal the microbiota profiling in T. trichiura-infected individuals, indicate the potential roles of key microbiota in the host and aid to the development of novel strategies to control T. trichiura infection. Graphic abstract ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Matteo Mozzicafreddo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Elisa Pierella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Vanessa Carletti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Angela Piersanti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Said M Ali
- Public Health Laboratory Ivo de Carneri, Pemba Island, Chake Chake, Tanzania
| | - Shaali M Ame
- Public Health Laboratory Ivo de Carneri, Pemba Island, Chake Chake, Tanzania
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Cristina Miceli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Extremely low prevalence in soil-transmitted helminth infections among a multi-ethnic community in Segamat, Malaysia. J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:313-318. [PMID: 34295027 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminth infections (STHs) are recognized as a major health issue among socio-economically deprived communities. However, information is still lacking regarding the prevalence rates of STHs in the broader community across different countries in the tropics. This community study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for STHs in semi-rural communities in Segamat of Johor, Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted with information collected from the study population through questionnaire. A total of 224 stool samples were examined for intestinal parasites through formalin-ether concentration and Kato-Katz techniques. Overall, only 1.8% (n = 4/224) of participants were infected with soil-transmitted helminths, the extremely low prevalence may be explained by the proper housing conditions with basic amenities and the practices of hygienic habits in daily life, highlighting the importance of adopting good hygienic practices.
Collapse
|
33
|
Cortés A, Clare S, Costain A, Almeida A, McCarthy C, Harcourt K, Brandt C, Tolley C, Rooney J, Berriman M, Lawley T, MacDonald AS, Rinaldi G, Cantacessi C. Baseline Gut Microbiota Composition Is Associated With Schistosoma mansoni Infection Burden in Rodent Models. Front Immunol 2020; 11:593838. [PMID: 33329584 PMCID: PMC7718013 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.593838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of growing evidence supporting the occurrence of complex interactions between Schistosoma and gut bacteria in mice and humans, no data is yet available on whether worm-mediated changes in microbiota composition are dependent on the baseline gut microbial profile of the vertebrate host. In addition, the impact of such changes on the susceptibility to, and pathophysiology of, schistosomiasis remains largely unexplored. In this study, mice colonized with gut microbial populations from a human donor (HMA mice), as well as microbiota-wild type (WT) animals, were infected with Schistosoma mansoni, and alterations of their gut microbial profiles at 50 days post-infection were compared to those occurring in uninfected HMA and WT rodents, respectively. Significantly higher worm and egg burdens, together with increased specific antibody responses to parasite antigens, were observed in HMA compared to WT mice. These differences were associated to extensive dissimilarities between the gut microbial profiles of each HMA and WT groups of mice at baseline; in particular, the gut microbiota of HMA animals was characterized by low microbial alpha diversity and expanded Proteobacteria, as well as by the absence of putative immunomodulatory bacteria (e.g. Lactobacillus). Furthermore, differences in infection-associated changes in gut microbiota composition were observed between HMA and WT mice. Altogether, our findings support the hypothesis that susceptibility to S.mansoni infection in mice is partially dependent on the composition of the host baseline microbiota. Moreover, this study highlights the applicability of HMA mouse models to address key biological questions on host-parasite-microbiota relationships in human helminthiases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cortés
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Simon Clare
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Costain
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Almeida
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine McCarthy
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Harcourt
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Cordelia Brandt
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Tolley
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - James Rooney
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Berriman
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor Lawley
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S. MacDonald
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Rinaldi
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ducarmon QR, Hoogerwerf MA, Janse JJ, Geelen AR, Koopman JPR, Zwittink RD, Goeman JJ, Kuijper EJ, Roestenberg M. Dynamics of the bacterial gut microbiota during controlled human infection with Necator americanus larvae. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-15. [PMID: 33222610 PMCID: PMC7714523 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1840764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hookworms are soil-transmitted helminths that use immune-evasive strategies to persist in the human duodenum where they are responsible for anemia and protein loss. Given their location and immune regulatory effects, hookworms likely impact the bacterial microbiota. However, microbiota studies struggle to deconvolute the effect of hookworms from confounders such as coinfections and malnutrition. We thus used an experimental human hookworm infection model to explore temporal changes in the gut microbiota before and during hookworm infection. Volunteers were dermally exposed to cumulative dosages of 50, 100 or 150 L3 Necator americanus larvae. Fecal samples were collected for microbiota profiling through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing at weeks zero, four, eight, fourteen and twenty. During the acute infection phase (trial week zero to eight) no changes in bacterial diversity were detected. During the established infection phase (trial week eight to twenty), bacterial richness (Chao1, p = .0174) increased significantly over all volunteers. No relation was found between larval dosage and diversity, stability or relative abundance of individual bacterial taxa. GI symptoms were associated with an unstable microbiota during the first eight weeks and rapid recovery at week twenty. Barnesiella, amongst other taxa, was more abundant in volunteers with more GI symptoms throughout the study. In conclusion, this study showed that clinical GI symptoms following N. americanus infection are associated with temporary microbiota instability and relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa. These results suggest a possible role of hookworm-induced enteritis on microbiota stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q. R. Ducarmon
- Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,CONTACT Meta Roestenberg Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. A. Hoogerwerf
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J. J. Janse
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A. R. Geelen
- Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J. P. R. Koopman
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R. D. Zwittink
- Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J. J. Goeman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - E. J. Kuijper
- Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Roestenberg
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang D, Hu Q, Liu X, Liu X, Gao F, Liang Y, Zou K, Su Z, Zhi W, Zhou Z. A longitudinal study reveals the alterations of the Microtus fortis colonic microbiota during the natural resistance to Schistosoma japonicum infection. Exp Parasitol 2020; 219:108030. [PMID: 33080305 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been demonstrated to associate with protection against helminth infection and mediate via microbial effects on the host humoral immunity. As a non-permissive host of Schistosoma japonicum, the Microtus fortis provides an ideal animal model to be investigated, because of its natural self-healing capability. Although researches on the systemic immunological responses have revealed that the host immune system contributes a lot to the resistance, the role of gut microbiome remains unclear. In this study, we exposed the M. fortis to the S.japonicum infection, carried out a longitudinal research (uninfected control, infected for 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 31 days) on their colonic microbiota based on the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The bacterial composition disclosed a disturbance-recovery alteration followed by the resistance to S. japonicum. The alpha diversity of colon microbiota was reduced after the infection, but it gradually recovered along with self-healing process. Further LEfSe analysis revealed that phyla shifted from Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, which were mainly driven by an increase of Ruminococcaceae and a depletion of Muribaculaceae in the family level along the Control-Infection-Recovery (CIR) process. We identified a temporary blooming of Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus in the mid infection stage (D14). As a recognized probiotics repository, we speculate the increased abundance of Lactobacillaceae in M. fortis colonic microbiota might relate to the natural resistance to the schistosome. Besides, potential microbial functions were also significantly changed in the resistance process. These results demonstrate the remarkable alterations of reed vole colonic microbiota in both community structure and potential functions along with the resistance to S. japonicum infection. The identified microbial biomarkers might offer new ways for drug development to conquer human schistosomiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Du Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China; Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China; NEOMICS Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China; NEOMICS Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - XinXing Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yili Liang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Zou
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijie Su
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenling Zhi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Heterogeneity in the initiation, development and function of type 2 immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:603-614. [PMID: 32367051 PMCID: PMC9773851 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immune responses operate under varying conditions in distinct tissue environments and are crucial for protection against helminth infections and for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Here we explore how different layers of heterogeneity influence type 2 immunity. Distinct insults, such as allergens or infections, can induce type 2 immune responses through diverse mechanisms, and this can have heterogeneous consequences, ranging from acute or chronic inflammation to deficits in immune regulation and tissue repair. Technological advances have provided new insights into the molecular heterogeneity of different developmental lineages of type 2 immune cells. Genetic and environmental heterogeneity also contributes to the varying magnitude and quality of the type 2 immune response during infection, which is an important determinant of the balance between pathology and disease resolution. Hence, understanding the mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of type 2 immune responses between individuals and between different tissues will be crucial for treating diseases in which type 2 immunity is an important component.
Collapse
|
37
|
Cortés A, Rooney J, Bartley DJ, Nisbet AJ, Cantacessi C. Helminths, hosts, and their microbiota: new avenues for managing gastrointestinal helminthiases in ruminants. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 18:977-985. [PMID: 32530331 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1782188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence is emerging of complex interactions occurring between gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of ruminants and the resident gut flora, with likely implications for the pathophysiology of worm infection and disease. Similarly, recent data point toward the occurrence of a GI nematode (GIN)-specific microbiota, with potential roles in worm fundamental physiology and reproduction. Parasite-microbiota relationships might represent potential targets for the development of novel parasiticides. AREAS COVERED In this article, we review current knowledge of the role(s) that host- and helminth-associated microbiota play in ruminant host-parasite relationships, and outline potential avenues for the control of GIN of farmed ruminants via the manipulation of resident microbial species with putative functions in infection establishment, host-immune modulation, and/or parasite fitness and survival. EXPERT OPINION In order for this knowledge to be translated into practical applications, we argue that several aspects of the nematode-microbiota cross-talk must be addressed, including (i) the causality of interactions between the parasite, the gut microbiota, and the host immune system, (ii) the modes of action of dietary prebiotics and probiotics, (iii) the mechanisms by which diet supplementation aids the development of resistance/tolerance to GI helminth infections and (iv) the composition of the GIN microbiome and its role(s) in parasite biology and physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cortés
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasotologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València , València, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
| | - James Rooney
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Coakley G, Harris NL. The Intestinal Epithelium at the Forefront of Host-Helminth Interactions. Trends Parasitol 2020; 36:761-772. [PMID: 32713764 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal helminth infection still constitutes a major public health issue, particularly in the developing world. As these parasites can undergo a large part of their lifecycle within the intestinal tract the host has developed various structural and cellular specializations at the epithelial barrier to contend with infection. Detailed characterization of these cells will provide important insights about their contributions to the protective responses mediated against helminths. Here, we discuss how key components of the intestinal epithelium may function to limit the initial establishment of helminths, and how these cells are altered during an active response to infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Coakley
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zinsou JF, Janse JJ, Honpkehedji YY, Dejon-Agobé JC, García-Tardón N, Hoekstra PT, Massinga-Loembe M, Corstjens PLAM, van Dam GJ, Giera M, Kremsner PG, Yazdanbakhsh M, Adegnika AA, Guigas B. Schistosoma haematobium infection is associated with lower serum cholesterol levels and improved lipid profile in overweight/obese individuals. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008464. [PMID: 32614822 PMCID: PMC7363109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with parasitic helminths has been reported to improve insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis, lowering the risk for type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about its impact on whole-body lipid homeostasis, especially in obese individuals. For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was carried out in lean and overweight/obese adults residing in the Lambaréné region of Gabon, an area endemic for Schistosoma haematobium. Helminth infection status, peripheral blood immune cell counts, and serum metabolic and lipid/lipoprotein levels were analyzed. We found that urine S. haematobium egg-positive individuals exhibited lower serum total cholesterol (TC; 4.42 vs 4.01 mmol/L, adjusted mean difference [95%CI] -0.30 [-0.68,-0.06]; P = 0.109), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C (1.44 vs 1.12 mmol/L, -0.24 [-0.43,-0.06]; P = 0.009) and triglyceride (TG; 0.93 vs 0.72 mmol/L, -0.20 [-0.39,-0.03]; P = 0.022) levels than egg-negative individuals. However, when stratified according to body mass index, these effects were only observed in overweight/obese infected individuals. Similarly, significant negative correlations between the intensity of infection, assessed by serum circulating anodic antigen (CAA) concentrations, and TC (r = -0.555; P<0.001), HDL-C (r = -0.327; P = 0.068), LDL-C (r = -0.396; P = 0.025) and TG (r = -0.381; P = 0.032) levels were found in overweight/obese individuals but not in lean subjects. Quantitative lipidomic analysis showed that circulating levels of some lipid species associated with cholesterol-rich lipoprotein particles were also significantly reduced in overweight/obese infected individuals in an intensity-dependent manner. In conclusion, we reported that infection with S. haematobium is associated with improved lipid profile in overweight/obese individuals, a feature that might contribute reducing the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in such population. Infection with parasitic helminths has been reported to be beneficial for metabolic homeostasis by improving insulin sensitivity and lowering the risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Elevated circulating cholesterol and triglyceride levels associated with obesity are also risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. In the framework of a cross-sectional study conducted in an endemic rural area, we have investigated the impact of infection with Schistosoma hematobium on serum lipid homeostasis in adult individuals with a broad range of body weight. We found that helminth infection is associated with a lower serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C and triglyceride (TG) levels, especially in overweight/obese individuals. Furthermore, significant negative correlations between the intensity of infection and TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG levels were also found in overweight/obese individuals but not in lean subjects. Altogether our study show for the first time that infection with Schistosoma hematobium is associated with an improved serum lipid profile in overweight/obese humans, a feature that may contribute to protection against cardiometabolic diseases in such population. Further investigation is however required to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeannot F. Zinsou
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Jacqueline J. Janse
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yabo Y. Honpkehedji
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | | | - Noemí García-Tardón
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pytsje T. Hoekstra
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marguerite Massinga-Loembe
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul L. A. M. Corstjens
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Govert J. van Dam
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G. Kremsner
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ayola A. Adegnika
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
The Bacterial Gut Microbiota of Schoolchildren from High and Low Socioeconomic Status: A Study in an Urban Area of Makassar, Indonesia. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060961. [PMID: 32604882 PMCID: PMC7356258 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the relationship between the gut microbiota and the health profile of Indonesians, it is important to elucidate the characteristics of the bacterial communities that prevail in this population. To this end, we profiled the faecal bacterial community of 140 Indonesian schoolchildren in urban Makassar. The core microbiota of Indonesian schoolchildren consisted of Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, and multiple members of the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminicoccaceae families, but the relative abundance of these taxa varied greatly among children. Socioeconomic status (SES) was the main driver for differences in microbiota composition. Multiple bacterial genera were differentially abundant between high and low SES children, including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, and Escherichia-Shigella. In addition, the microbiota of high SES children was less diverse and strongly associated with body mass index (BMI). In low SES children, helminth infection was prevalent and positively associated with Olsenella, Enterohabdus, Lactobacillus, and Mogibacterium abundance, while negatively associated with relative abundance of Prevotella. Protozoa infection was also prevalent, and positively associated with Rikenellaceae, while it was negatively associated with the relative abundance of Romboutsia and Prevotella. In conclusion, Indonesian schoolchildren living in urban Makassar share a core microbiota, but their microbiota varies in diversity and relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa depending on socioeconomic status, nutritional status, and intestinal parasites infection.
Collapse
|
41
|
Mravčáková D, Kišidayová S, Kopčáková A, Pristaš P, Pisarčíková J, Bryszak M, Cieslak A, Várady M, Váradyová Z. Can the foregut nematode Haemonchus contortus and medicinal plants influence the fecal microbial community of the experimentally infected lambs? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235072. [PMID: 32574178 PMCID: PMC7310730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The abomasal parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus can influence the abomasal microbiome of the host. On the other hand, no information occurs on the influence of the parasite on the hindgut microbiome of the host. We evaluated the impact of Haemonchus contortus on the fecal microbial community of the experimentally infected lambs treated with a mixture of medicinal herbs to ameliorate the haemonchosis. Twenty-four female lambs were divided into four groups: infected animals (Inf), infected animals supplemented with a blend of medicinal herbs (Inf+Herb), uninfected control animals (Control), and uninfected animals supplemented with medicinal herbs (C+Herb). Inf and Inf+Herb lambs were infected orally with approximately 5000 L3 larvae of a strain of H. contortus susceptible to anthelmintics (MHco1). Herb blend (Herbmix) consisted of dry medicinal plants of Althaea officinalis, Petasites hybridus, Inula helenium, Malva sylvestris, Chamomilla recutita, Plantago lanceolata, Rosmarinus officinalis, Solidago virgaurea, Fumaria officinalis, Hyssopus officinalis, Melisa officinalis, Foeniculum vulgare, and Artemisia absinthium. Each animal was fed meadow hay and a commercial concentrate (600 + 350 g DM/d). Inf+Herb and C+Herb lambs were fed Herbmix (100 g DM/d and animal). Treatment lasted for 50 days. The fecal microbial fermentation parameters (short-chain fatty acids, ammonia, and pH) were evaluated at intervals of 0, 20, 32, and 50 days. The fecal eubacterial populations were evaluated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) at day 32 when H. contortus infection was the highest. No substantial effects of the H. contortus infection and the herbal treatment on fecal microbial fermentation parameters and fecal eubacterial populations were observed. Evaluation of DGGE patterns by Principal component analysis pointed to the tendency to branch the C+Herb group from the other experimental groups on Day 32. The results indicate that hindgut microbial activity was not disturbed by H. contortus infection and herbal treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Mravčáková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Svetlana Kišidayová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Kopčáková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Pristaš
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Pisarčíková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Magda Bryszak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Cieslak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marián Várady
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zora Váradyová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Duque-Correa MA, Maizels RM, Grencis RK, Berriman M. Organoids - New Models for Host-Helminth Interactions. Trends Parasitol 2020; 36:170-181. [PMID: 31791691 PMCID: PMC7106373 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Organoids are multicellular culture systems that replicate tissue architecture and function, and are increasingly used as models of viral, bacterial, and protozoan infections. Organoids have great potential to improve our current understanding of helminth interactions with their hosts and to replace or reduce the dependence on using animal models. In this review, we discuss the applicability of this technology to helminth infection research, including strategies of co-culture of helminths or their products with organoids and the challenges, advantages, and drawbacks of the use of organoids for these studies. We also explore how complementing organoid systems with other cell types and components may allow more complex models to be generated in the future to further investigate helminth-host interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rick M. Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard K. Grencis
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ling F, Steinel N, Weber J, Ma L, Smith C, Correa D, Zhu B, Bolnick D, Wang G. The gut microbiota response to helminth infection depends on host sex and genotype. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:1141-1153. [PMID: 32005978 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrates' gut microbial communities can be altered by the hosts' parasites. Helminths inhabiting the gut lumen can interact directly with their host's microbiota via physical contact, chemical products, or competition for nutrients. Indirect interactions can also occur, for instance when helminths induce or suppress host immunity in ways that have collateral effects on the microbiota. If there is genetic variation in host immune responses to parasites, we would expect such indirect effects to be conditional on host genotype. To test for such genotype by infection interactions, we experimentally exposed Gasterosteus aculeatus to their naturally co-evolved parasite, Schistocephalus solidus. The host microbiota differed in response to parasite exposure, and between infected and uninfected fish. The magnitude and direction of microbial responses to infection differed between host sexes, and also differed between variants at autosomal quantitative trait loci. These results indicate that host genotype and sex regulate the effect of helminth infection on a vertebrate gut microbiota. If this result holds in other taxa, especially humans, then helminth-based therapeutics for dysbiosis might need to be tailored to host genotype and sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Natalie Steinel
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Jesse Weber
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chris Smith
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Decio Correa
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Daniel Bolnick
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA. .,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06268, USA.
| | - Gaoxue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fredensborg BL, Fossdal í Kálvalíð I, Johannesen TB, Stensvold CR, Nielsen HV, Kapel CMO. Parasites modulate the gut-microbiome in insects: A proof-of-concept study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227561. [PMID: 31935259 PMCID: PMC6959588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Host-parasite interactions may be modulated by host- or parasite-associated microbes, but the role of these are often overlooked. Particularly for parasites with intestinal stages (either larval or adult), the host gut microbiome may play a key role for parasite establishment; moreover, the microbiome may change in response to invading parasites. Hypothesis testing at the organismal level may be hampered, particularly in mammalian definitive hosts, by ethical, logistical, and economical restrictions. Thus, invertebrates naturally serving as intermediate hosts to parasites with complex life cycles may inform the development of mammalian models as an early-stage host-parasite model. In addition, several important pathogens are vectored by insects, and insect gut microbiome-pathogen interactions may provide essential base-line knowledge, which may be used to control vectorborne pathogens. Here, we used the grain beetle, Tenebrio molitor, a host of the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta, to explore interactions between infection status and resident gut microbiota at two pre-determined time points (day two and seven) post infection. Using 16S/18S microbial profiling, we measured key parameters of the composition, relative abundance, and diversity of the host gut bacteriome and mycobiome. In addition, we quantified the systemic beetle immune response to infection by Phenoloxidase activity and hemocyte abundance. We found significant changes in the gut bacteriome and mycobiome in relation to infection status and beetle age. Thus, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly higher in the gut of infected beetles and driven mostly by an increased abundance of Acinetobacter. In addition, the mycobiome was less abundant in infected beetles but maintained higher Shannon diversity in infected compared with non-infected beetles. Beetles treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic (Tetracycline) exhibited significantly reduced parasite establishment compared with the untreated control group, indicating that the host microbiome may greatly influence hatching of eggs and subsequent establishment of H. diminuta larvae. Our results suggest that experimental work using invertebrates may provide a platform for explorative studies of host-parasite-microbe interactions and their underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian L. Fredensborg
- Section for Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Inga Fossdal í Kálvalíð
- Section for Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Thor B. Johannesen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C. Rune Stensvold
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik V. Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian M. O. Kapel
- Section for Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abdoli A, Mirzaian Ardakani H. Potential application of helminth therapy for resolution of neuroinflammation in neuropsychiatric disorders. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:95-110. [PMID: 31352539 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) are among the major debilitating disorders worldwide with multiple etiological factors. However, in recent years, psychoneuroimmunology uncovered the role of inflammatory condition and autoimmune disorders in the etiopathogenesis of different NPDs. Hence, resolution of inflammation is a new therapeutic target of NPDs. On the other hand, Helminth infections are among the most prevalent infectious diseases in underdeveloped countries, which usually caused chronic infections with minor clinical symptoms. Remarkably, helminths are among the master regulator of inflammatory reactions and epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between prevalence of autoimmune disorders with these infections. As such, changes of intestinal microbiota are known to be associated with inflammatory conditions in various NPDs. Conversely, helminth colonization alters the intestinal microbiota composition that leads to suppression of intestinal inflammation. In animal models and human studies, helminths or their antigens have shown to be protected against severe autoimmune and allergic disorders, decline the intensity of inflammatory reactions and improved clinical symptoms of the patients. Therefore, "helminthic therapy" have been used for modulation of immune disturbances in different autoimmunity illnesses, such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Here, it is proposed that "helminthic therapy" is able to ameliorate neuroinflammation of NPDs through immunomodulation of inflammatory reactions and alteration of microbiota composition. This review discusses the potential application of "helminthic therapy" for resolution of neuroinflammation in NPDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abdoli
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, POBox 74148-46199, Ostad Motahari Ave, Jahrom, Iran.
- Zoonoses Research Center, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
- Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
| | - Hoda Mirzaian Ardakani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Barelli C, Gonzalez-Astudillo V, Mundry R, Rovero F, Hauffe HC, Gillespie TR. Altitude and human disturbance are associated with helminth diversity in an endangered primate, Procolobus gordonorum. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225142. [PMID: 31800582 PMCID: PMC6892551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal parasites colonizing the mammalian gut influence the host immune system and health. Parasite infections, mainly helminths, have been studied intensively in both humans and non-human animals, but relatively rarely within a conservation framework. The Udzungwa red colobus monkey (Procolobus gordonorum) is an endangered endemic primate species living in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania, a global biodiversity hotspot. Since this endemic primate species is highly sensitive to human disturbance, here we investigate whether habitat type (driven by natural and human-induced factors) is associated with helminth diversity. Using standard flotation and sedimentation techniques, we analyzed 251 fecal samples belonging to 25 social groups from four different forest blocks within the Udzungwa Mountains. Five parasitic helminth taxa were recovered from Udzungwa red colobus, including Trichuris sp., Strongyloides fulleborni, S. stercoralis, a strongylid nematode and Colobenterobius sp. We used Generalized Linear Mixed Models to explore the contribution of habitat type, altitude and fecal glucocorticoid levels (as biomarkers of stress) in predicting gut parasite variation. Although some parasites (e.g., Trichuris sp.) infected more than 50% of individuals, compared to others (e.g., Colobenterobius sp.) that infected less than 3%, both parasite richness and prevalence did not differ significantly across forests, even when controlling for seasonality. Stress hormone levels also did not predict variation in parasite richness, while altitude could explain it resulting in lower richness at lower altitudes. Because human activities causing disturbance are concentrated mainly at lower altitudes, we suggest that protection of primate forest habitat preserves natural diversity at both macro- and microscales, and that the importance of the latter should not be underestimated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Barelli
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione E. Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
- MUSE–Science Museum, Tropical Biodiversity Section, Trento, Italy
| | - Viviana Gonzalez-Astudillo
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Program in Population Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Pathology Resident, California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Roger Mundry
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Francesco Rovero
- MUSE–Science Museum, Tropical Biodiversity Section, Trento, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Heidi C. Hauffe
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione E. Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Thomas R. Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Program in Population Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rapin A, Chuat A, Lebon L, Zaiss MM, Marsland BJ, Harris NL. Infection with a small intestinal helminth, Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri, consistently alters microbial communities throughout the murine small and large intestine. Int J Parasitol 2019; 50:35-46. [PMID: 31759944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that intestinal helminth infection can alter intestinal microbial communities with important impacts on the mammalian host. However, all of the studies to date utilize different techniques to study the microbiome and access different sites of the intestine with little consistency noted between studies. In the present study, we set out to perform a comprehensive analysis of the impact of intestinal helminth infection on the mammalian intestinal bacterial microbiome. For this purpose, we investigated the impact of experimental infection using the natural murine small intestinal helminth, Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri and examined possible alterations in both the mucous and luminal bacterial communities along the entire small and large intestine. We also explored the impact of common experimental variables including the parasite batch and pre-infection microbiome, on the outcome of helminth-bacterial interactions. This work provides evidence that helminth infection reproducibly alters intestinal microbial communities, with an impact of infection noted along the entire length of the intestine. Although the exact nature of helminth-induced alterations to the intestinal microbiome differed depending on the microbiome community structure present prior to infection, changes extended well beyond the introduction of new bacterial species by the infecting larvae. Moreover, striking similarities between different experiments were noted, including the consistent outgrowth of a bacterium belonging to the Peptostreptococcaceae family throughout the intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Rapin
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Audrey Chuat
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Lebon
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario M Zaiss
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Service de Pneumologie, Département de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hooks KB, O'Malley MA. Contrasting Strategies: Human Eukaryotic Versus Bacterial Microbiome Research. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2019; 67:279-295. [PMID: 31583780 PMCID: PMC7154641 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Most discussions of human microbiome research have focused on bacterial investigations and findings. Our target is to understand how human eukaryotic microbiome research is developing, its potential distinctiveness, and how problems can be addressed. We start with an overview of the entire eukaryotic microbiome literature (578 papers), show tendencies in the human‐based microbiome literature, and then compare the eukaryotic field to more developed human bacterial microbiome research. We are particularly concerned with problems of interpretation that are already apparent in human bacterial microbiome research (e.g. disease causality, probiotic interventions, evolutionary claims). We show where each field converges and diverges, and what this might mean for progress in human eukaryotic microbiome research. Our analysis then makes constructive suggestions for the future of the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna B Hooks
- CBiB, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33076, France.,CNRS/LaBRI, University of Bordeaux, Talence, 33405, France
| | - Maureen A O'Malley
- School of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Helminth-microbiota cross-talk - A journey through the vertebrate digestive system. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2019; 233:111222. [PMID: 31541662 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2019.111222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract of vertebrates is inhabited by a vast array of organisms, i.e., the microbiota and macrobiota. The former is composed largely of commensal microorganisms, which play vital roles in host nutrition and maintenance of energy balance, in addition to supporting the development and function of the vertebrate immune system. By contrast, the macrobiota includes parasitic helminths, which are mostly considered detrimental to host health via a range of pathogenic effects that depend on parasite size, location in the GI tract, burden of infection, metabolic activity, and interactions with the host immune system. Sharing the same environment within the vertebrate host, the GI microbiota and parasitic helminths interact with each other, and the results of such interactions may impact, directly or indirectly, on host health and homeostasis. The complex relationships occurring between parasitic helminths and microbiota have long been neglected; however, recent studies point towards a role for these interactions in the overall pathophysiology of helminth disease, as well as in parasite-mediated suppression of inflammation. Whilst several discrepancies in qualitative and quantitative modifications in gut microbiota composition have been described based on host and helminth species under investigation, we argue that attention should be paid to the systems biology of the gut compartment under consideration, as variations in the abundances of the same population of bacteria inhabiting different niches of the GI tract may result in varying functional consequences for host physiology.
Collapse
|