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Heikkila R, Finch J, Waters AM, Farrell LJ. Preliminary Effectiveness of a Brief School-Based HERO Intervention: Improving the Wellbeing of Final Year Adolescent Female Students. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:575-587. [PMID: 38049605 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Young people face multiple challenges, including appearance dissatisfaction, academic stressors, anxiety and depression. These challenges may increase during the final year of high school and may have become further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines the preliminary effectiveness of a brief, uncontrolled school-based intervention aimed at enhancing Psychological Capital (PsyCap), consisting of positive resources of hope, self-efficacy, resilience and optimism (HERO), and reducing mental health symptoms among female year 12 students (n = 95, Mage = 16.78, SD = 0.45). Outcomes on measures of HERO and secondary outcomes of flourishing, appearance dissatisfaction, anxiety and depression were measured at pre and post-intervention. In the overall cohort, no significant changes were found on the HERO outcomes or flourishing post-intervention, while symptoms of depression, anxiety and appearance dissatisfaction decreased significantly. For students with higher baseline anxiety, optimism and anxiety symptoms improved significantly at post-intervention. However, students with lower baseline anxiety experienced significant decreases in self-efficacy and optimism, as well as a significant increase in anxiety symptoms post-intervention. Baseline depression levels did not impact intervention outcomes. The findings, although mixed and limited by the lack of control group, suggest that a brief intervention grounded in PsyCap theory may improve student wellbeing under challenging circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetta Heikkila
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Australia
| | - Jules Finch
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Australia
| | - Allison M Waters
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Australia
| | - Lara J Farrell
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Australia.
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Haas M, Ackerman RA, Kouros CD, Papp LM. COVID-19 and changes in young adults' weight concerns. J Behav Med 2024:10.1007/s10865-024-00481-7. [PMID: 38491336 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00481-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic introduced fundamental challenges to nearly all aspects of college students' lives, yet changes in key domains of their health, including weight concerns, remain untested. The current study utilized a longitudinal project comprised of 355 young-adult college students (Mage=19.5, 66.8% female, 33.2% male) oversampled for recent substance use behavior. Participants completed multiple assessments (mode = 5) from September 2017 to September 2021. Piecewise growth-curve models tested whether COVID-19 onset was associated with changes in the trajectories of young adults' weight concerns. Analyses also examined participants' sex as a moderator of these trajectories. On average, participants reported a significant increase in weight concern levels around the start of COVID-19, although weight concern slopes were not significantly different before and after COVID-19. Additionally, moderation analyses showed that females (but not males) had a significant increase in weight concern levels after COVID-19 onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Haas
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Robert A Ackerman
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA
| | | | - Lauren M Papp
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Jiang K, Zhang Y, Xie C, Wang T, Zhao L, Zhao W, Shi Z, Sharma M, Zhao Y. Association between body weight misperception and snacking patterns among adolescents: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2550. [PMID: 38129799 PMCID: PMC10734079 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17316-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unhealthy snacking behaviors and body weight misperception are both significant concerns in adolescent health. Weight misperception are common among youth and may influence their motivation to engage in health-related behaviors, however, the effect on snacking patterns choice remains unclear. Our study aimed to examine the relationship between body weight misperception and snacking pattern choice among school adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey platform. Body weight misperception was defined based on perceived body weight and true weight. Snack intake was measured using a qualitative food-frequency questionnaire. Factor analysis was used to identify snacking patterns, and multiple linear regression was employed to examine the association between body weight misperception and snacking patterns. RESULTS 190,296 students with the average age of 13.3 ± 1.0 years was included, and 44.5% of students misperceived their weight. Overestimation was more prevalent than underestimation. Two snacking patterns, namely a high-calorie snacking pattern and a healthy snacking pattern, were identified with eigenvalues > 1. Weight underestimation was positively linked to high-calorie snacking pattern scores for both normal weight students (β: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.21) and students with overweight/obesity (β: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.52), and to healthy snacking scores for students with overweight/obesity (β: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.33), but negatively linked to healthy snacking pattern scores for normal weight students (β: -0.12, 95% CI: -0.15, -0.09). Conversely, weight overestimation was negatively linked to both high-calorie and healthy snacking pattern scores for normal weight students (β: -0.07, 95% CI: -0.11, -0.04 and β: -0.13, 95% CI: -0.15, -0.10), but positively linked to healthy snacking scores for underweight students (β: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.21). Interactions were found between sex, grade, accommodation, only child, primary guardians, parental education level and weight misperception to snacking patterns. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with normal weight and overweight/obesity who misperceived their weight exhibited less healthy snacking patterns, whereas underweight students who misperceived their weight displayed healthier snacking patterns. Comprehensive programs are crucial to educate and guide adolescents in understanding their weight status and making healthier snack choices, involving families, schools, and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jiang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400331, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400331, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changxiao Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Tiankun Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingxi Zhao
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400331, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Dohe, Qatar
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400331, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Heath, Children 's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Ou Y, Rots E, Belzer C, Smidt H, de Weerth C. Gut microbiota and child behavior in early puberty: does child sex play a role? Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2278222. [PMID: 37943628 PMCID: PMC10731618 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2278222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies have indicated relations between the gut microbiota and mental health. However, to date, there is a scarcity of microbiota studies in community samples in early puberty. The current preregistered study (https://osf.io/wu2vt) investigated gut microbiota composition in relation to sex in low-risk children and explored behavioral associations with gut microbiota composition and metabolites in the same samples, together with the potential role of sex. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed in 12-year-old children (N = 137) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR. Modest sex differences were observed in beta diversity. Generalized linear models showed consistent behavioral relations to both relative and absolute abundances of individual taxa, including positive associations between Parasutterella and mother-reported internalizing behavior, and negative associations between Odoribacter and mother-reported externalizing behavior. Additionally, Prevotella 9 was positively related to mother-reported externalizing behavior, confirming earlier findings on the same cohort at 5 years of age. Sex-related differences were found in behavioral relations to Ruminiclostridium 5, Alistipes, Streptococcus, Ruminiclostridium 9, Ruminococcaceae UCG-5, and Dialister, for relative abundances, as well as to Family XIII AD3011 group and an unidentified bacterium within the Tenericutes, for absolute abundances. Limited behavioral relations were observed regarding alpha diversity and fecal metabolites. Our findings describe links between the gut microbiota and child behavior, together with differences between child sexes in these relations, in low-risk early pubertal children. Importantly, this study confirmed earlier findings in this cohort of positive relations between Prevotella 9 and externalizing behavior at age 10 years. Results also show the merit of including absolute abundances in microbiota studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangwenshan Ou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Rots
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina de Weerth
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Weng HC, Chang SM, Hsu JC, Yang YN, Lin CY. Age and gender differences in misperceptions of body shape in a Taiwanese population. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:110. [PMID: 37400881 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most studies of body size perception have been performed in adolescents, and most focus on gender differences in accurate perception of body size. This study investigated misperceptions of body sizes among males and females at different stages of adulthood in Taiwan. DESIGNS In-person home interviews were used to proportionally and randomly select 2095 adult men and women to answer the East Asian Social Survey. Participants were divided into 18-39, 40-64, and 65 + age groups. The main variables analyzed were self-perceived body size and standardized BMI. RESULTS Women, unlike men, were more likely to misperceive their body size as being overweight (OR = 2.92; p < .001). People with higher self-perceived social status were less likely to misperceive themselves as overweight (OR = 0.91; p = .01). People with college educations were 2.35 times more likely to overestimate their body size as being heavier than they were (p < .001) and less likely to underestimate it as being thinner than they were (OR = 0.45; p < .001). Women 18-35 and 36-64 years old were 6.96 and 4.31 times more likely (p < .001) to misperceive themselves as being overweight than women 65 or older, who were more likely to misperceive themselves as being too thin. There were no significant differences in body size misperceptions among the three age groups of adult men (p > .05). We found no different significant discrepancies between self-perceived body size and actual BMI between the older men and women (p = .16). However, younger and middle-aged men were 6.67 and 3.1 times more likely to misperceive themselves as being too thin than women in their same age groups (OR = 0.15 and OR = 0.32, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Age and gender affect self-perceptions of body size in Taiwan. Overall, women are more likely than men to misperceive themselves as being too big, and men are more likely than women to misperceive themselves as too thin. Older women, however, were more likely to misperceive themselves as being too thin. Clinicians and health educators should know that people's perceptions and concerns regarding their body size vary by age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ching Weng
- Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, East Dist., Tainan City, 701401, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Mao Chang
- Department of Statistics, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jason C Hsu
- International PhD Program in Biotech and Healthcare Management, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Research Center of Health Care Industry Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Clinical Big Data Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ning Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, 1, Sec. 1, Syuecheng Rd., Dashu District, Kaohsiung, 84001, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, East Dist., Tainan City, 701401, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
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Applied machine learning to identify differential risk groups underlying externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors trajectories: A case study using a cohort of Asian American children. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282235. [PMID: 36867610 PMCID: PMC9983857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internalizing and externalizing problems account for over 75% of the mental health burden in children and adolescents in the US, with higher burden among minority children. While complex interactions of multilevel factors are associated with these outcomes and may enable early identification of children in higher risk, prior research has been limited by data and application of traditional analysis methods. In this case example focused on Asian American children, we address the gap by applying data-driven statistical and machine learning methods to study clusters of mental health trajectories among children, investigate optimal predictions of children at high-risk cluster, and identify key early predictors. METHODS Data from the US Early Childhood Longitudinal Study 2010-2011 were used. Multilevel information provided by children, families, teachers, schools, and care-providers were considered as predictors. Unsupervised machine learning algorithm was applied to identify groups of internalizing and externalizing problems trajectories. For prediction of high-risk group, ensemble algorithm, Superlearner, was implemented by combining several supervised machine learning algorithms. Performance of Superlearner and candidate algorithms, including logistic regression, was assessed using discrimination and calibration metrics via crossvalidation. Variable importance measures along with partial dependence plots were utilized to rank and visualize key predictors. FINDINGS We found two clusters suggesting high- and low-risk groups for both externalizing and internalizing problems trajectories. While Superlearner had overall best discrimination performance, logistic regression had comparable performance for externalizing problems but worse for internalizing problems. Predictions from logistic regression were not well calibrated compared to those from Superlearner, however they were still better than few candidate algorithms. Important predictors identified were combination of test scores, child factors, teacher rated scores, and contextual factors, which showed non-linear associations with predicted probabilities. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the application of data-driven analytical approach to predict mental health outcomes among Asian American children. Findings from the cluster analysis can inform critical age for early intervention, while prediction analysis has potential to inform intervention programing prioritization decisions. However, to better understand external validity, replicability, and value of machine learning in broader mental health research, more studies applying similar analytical approach is needed.
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Musa S, Dergaa I. A Narrative Review on Prevention and Early Intervention of Challenging Behaviors in Children with a Special Emphasis on COVID-19 Times. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1559-1571. [PMID: 35769177 PMCID: PMC9234312 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s354428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 and the measures stemming from efforts to control it have affected the psychosocial wellbeing of children and adolescents. The increasing trend of challenging behavior has exerted further pressure on parents and schools. Understanding socioemotional development and interrelating triggers is the key to management. Early interventions prevent the future threat of mental illness and risky acts. Effective strategies are ones that primarily focus on strengthening parent-child interactions. Aim The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on the (i) psychosocial and behavioral impacts of COVID-19 on children/adolescents and (ii) approaches to identify determinants of challenging behaviors as a principal guide to effective interventional strategies for children and their families. Methodology Electronic database searches of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Medline, and Scopus were conducted to identify studies meeting the inclusion criteria that address the impact of COVID-19 on behaviors, contributing factors, and management in the context of families/schools. The content of the selected articles was themed under five categories, namely the developmental milestones, the Pyramid Model, the Positive Behavioral Support, the management strategies, and the impact of COVID-19 on children/adolescents' behavior. Results The present review demonstrates considerable influence of COVID-19 on children and adolescents' behavior and mental wellbeing. It stresses the importance of early family-based interventions focusing on the triggers of challenging behavior. Functional Behavioral Assessment and Behavioral Intervention Plan provide a systematic analysis with a strategic plan that support children's self-regulation and socioemotional intelligence. Regular behavioral screening is vital to promote prevention and early management. Conclusion Managing behavioral difficulties remains an area of deficit for parents, teachers, and health care providers. With a quality support, parents and schools will be able to clearly characterize the challenging behavior, understand the causes, reinforce parent-child interactions, and consequently, gain the strategic skills required to apply it within natural settings. Timely interventions will limit the risk of future misconduct and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Musa
- Department of Preventative Health, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ismail Dergaa
- Department of Preventative Health, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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8
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Zhang MZ, Tang R, Rao WM, Wang MH, Liu MW, Yu HJ, He QQ. Body mass index and the risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among youth in 45 low-and middle-income countries. J Affect Disord 2022; 298:357-363. [PMID: 34774645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide has become a severe public health issue worldwide. Body weight has been put forward as a potentially modifiable element for suicide thought and behavior. However, there are discrepancies across previous studies. Furthermore, the relationships of body weight with suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain unclear. Therefore, we addressed this issue among 104,907 adolescents of 12-15 years old in 45 LMICs. METHODS The present study used data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). Suicidal ideation and suicide attempt during the last year were self-reported. Participants were classified intro underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity according to their body mass index classification. Multivariable logistic regression and meta-analyses based on country-wise estimates were conducted. RESULTS The prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt were 11.8% and 13.0%, respectively. Countrywide meta-analysis demonstrated that overweight and obesity were significantly associated with increased risks of suicidal ideation (For overweight: OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.01-1.20; for obesity: OR=1.17; 95%CI: 1.01-1.35) and suicide attempt (For overweight: OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.02-1.23; for obesity: OR=1.12; 95%CI: 1.00-1.25). Subgroup analyses showed that the associations between overweight/obesity and suicide attempt were significant for girls but not for boys. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design cannot explore causality; mental health factors were not assessed; suicidal behaviors were self-reported; significant heterogeneity across countries; only students attending school were included. CONCLUSIONS Overweight/obesity was significantly associated with the risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among adolescents in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Zhe Zhang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, PR China
| | - Rui Tang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, PR China
| | - Wei-Ming Rao
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, PR China
| | - Ming-Hui Wang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, PR China
| | - Ming-Wei Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, PR China
| | - Hong-Jie Yu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, PR China
| | - Qi-Qiang He
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, PR China; Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
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Yun HJ, Seo K, Han D. [The Effects of Programs on Body-Image Improvement in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis]. J Korean Acad Nurs 2021; 51:597-616. [PMID: 34737252 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.21104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study's objective was to investigate the effects of programs that improve adolescents' body image, using a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A literature search was performed in eleven electronic databases, using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. Population characteristics, contents of the programs, and measured outcomes were systematically reviewed from 21 selected studies. To estimate the size of the effects, meta-analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. RESULTS The contents of the programs that aimed to improve body image included physical, psychological, interpersonal, and sociocultural interventions. Sixteen studies were meta-analyzed to estimate the effect size of body-image improvement programs. Results showed that the program for body-image improvement had significant effects on body satisfaction (effect size [ES] = 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.23 to 0.89), and body dissatisfaction (ES = - 0.15, 95% CI = - 0.23 to - 0.08). CONCLUSION The program for body image improvement in adolescents includes a combination of physical, psychological, interpersonal relationship, and socio-cultural dimensions. The program that seeks to improve body image appears to be effective at increasing body satisfaction, and at reducing body dissatisfaction in adolescents. Thus, it is necessary to develop and apply multidimensional programs for adolescents to have a positive body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Yun
- Department of Nursing, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyoungsan Seo
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Dallong Han
- Department of Nursing, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Korea
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Nomura K, Itakura Y, Minamizono S, Okayama K, Suzuki Y, Takemi Y, Nakanishi A, Eto K, Takahashi H, Kawata Y, Asakura H, Matsuda Y, Kaibara N, Hamanaka S, Kodama H. The Association of Body Image Self-Discrepancy With Female Gender, Calorie-Restricted Diet, and Psychological Symptoms Among Healthy Junior High School Students in Japan. Front Psychol 2021; 12:576089. [PMID: 34675829 PMCID: PMC8523782 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.576089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Body image self-discrepancy reflects a preference for weight loss regardless of normal body size and is a distorted cognition that may be a precursor to eating disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with body image self-discrepancy among healthy junior high school students in Japan. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at one junior high school in Saitama, Japan, in December 2016. After excluding obese participants (defined as 20% above their ideal weight), 304 students (mean age, 13.9years; n=181 girls, 59.5%) who fell into underweight (n=22, 7.2%) and normal weight categories were selected. Body image self-discrepancy was measured using the Contour Drawing Rating Scale which includes eight separate figures representing body sizes. We then calculated the difference by subtracting ideal from current body sizes and defined body image self-discrepancy if the difference >1. Results: Girls constituted 92% (n=49) of the 53 students with body image self-discrepancy. In all students, multivariable stepwise models demonstrated that female gender (OR, 6.92, 95% CI: 2.33–20.51), a calorie-restricted diet (OR, 5.18, 95% CI: 2.22–12.05), and psychological symptoms (OR, 1.47, 95% CI: 1.15–1.87) were significantly associated with an increased risk of body image self-discrepancy. Specifically for girls, an increased risk of body image self-discrepancy was associated with calorie-restricted suppers and psychological symptoms. Conclusion: Body image self-discrepancy among healthy adolescents in Japan was found to be closely linked to being a girl, having a calorie-restricted diet, and having psychological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Nomura
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yuki Itakura
- Faculty of Human Development and Culture, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Sachiko Minamizono
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Okayama
- Major in Health and Dietetics, School of Health Science, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Suzuki
- Hiroshima University Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukari Takemi
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akemi Nakanishi
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kumi Eto
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takahashi
- Hiroshima University Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawata
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Kokugakuin University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitomi Asakura
- Department of Nutrition, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yorika Matsuda
- Major in Health and Dietetics, School of Health Science, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaibara
- Department of Health and Nutrition University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sakiko Hamanaka
- Major in Health and Dietetics, School of Health Science, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kodama
- Major in Health and Dietetics, School of Health Science, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Skidmore S, Hawke C, Luscombe G, Hazell P, Steinbeck K. Weight perception and symptoms of depression in rural Australian adolescents. Australas Psychiatry 2021; 29:508-512. [PMID: 33993753 DOI: 10.1177/10398562211009250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between measured and perceived weight, and symptoms of depression in rural Australian adolescents. METHOD At baseline a prospective rural adolescent cohort study collected demographic data, measured weight and height, weight self-perception, and presence of depression (Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire). Using World Health Organisation's (WHO) age and gender body mass index (BMI) standardisations, participants were classified into four perceptual groups: PG1 healthy/perceived healthy; PG2 overweight/perceived overweight; PG3 healthy/perceived overweight; and PG4 overweight/perceived healthy. Logistic regression analyses explored relationships between these groups and symptoms of depression. RESULTS Data on adolescents (n = 339) aged 9-14. PG1 contained 63% of participants, PG2 18%, PG3 4% and PG4 14%. Across the cohort, 32% were overweight and 13% had symptoms of depression. PG2 (overweight/perceived overweight) were more likely to experience symptoms of depression than PG1 (healthy/perceived healthy; Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 3.1, 95% CI 1.5-6.7). Females in PG3 (healthy/perceived overweight) were more likely to experience symptoms of depression (38%) than males (14%) and females in PG1 (10%, AOR 5.4, 95% CI 1.1-28.2). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that perceptions of being overweight may be a greater predictor for symptoms of depression than actual weight. This has public health implications for youth mental health screening and illness prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Skidmore
- Trainee - Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Randwick, Australia.,The University of Sydney Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Academic Department of Adolescent Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Catherine Hawke
- Deputy Head of School, The University of Sydney School of Rural Health, Orange, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Academic Department of Adolescent Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Georgina Luscombe
- Associate Professor Rural Research, The University of Sydney School of Rural Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Academic Department of Adolescent Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Philip Hazell
- Conjoint Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Academic Department of Adolescent Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Katharine Steinbeck
- The University of Sydney Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Academic Department of Adolescent Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
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12
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Hopfer S, Fields EJ, Lu Y, Ramakrishnan G, Grover T, Bai Q, Huang Y, Li C, Mark G. The social amplification and attenuation of COVID-19 risk perception shaping mask wearing behavior: A longitudinal twitter analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257428. [PMID: 34555060 PMCID: PMC8460003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Twitter represents a mainstream news source for the American public, offering a valuable vehicle for learning how citizens make sense of pandemic health threats like Covid-19. Masking as a risk mitigation measure became controversial in the US. The social amplification risk framework offers insight into how a risk event interacts with psychological, social, institutional, and cultural communication processes to shape Covid-19 risk perception. METHODS Qualitative content analysis was conducted on 7,024 mask tweets reflecting 6,286 users between January 24 and July 7, 2020, to identify how citizens expressed Covid-19 risk perception over time. Descriptive statistics were computed for (a) proportion of tweets using hyperlinks, (b) mentions, (c) hashtags, (d) questions, and (e) location. RESULTS Six themes emerged regarding how mask tweets amplified and attenuated Covid-19 risk: (a) severity perceptions (18.0%) steadily increased across 5 months; (b) mask effectiveness debates (10.7%) persisted; (c) who is at risk (26.4%) peaked in April and May 2020; (d) mask guidelines (15.6%) peaked April 3, 2020, with federal guidelines; (e) political legitimizing of Covid-19 risk (18.3%) steadily increased; and (f) mask behavior of others (31.6%) composed the largest discussion category and increased over time. Of tweets, 45% contained a hyperlink, 40% contained mentions, 33% contained hashtags, and 16.5% were expressed as a question. CONCLUSIONS Users ascribed many meanings to mask wearing in the social media information environment revealing that COVID-19 risk was expressed in a more expanded range than objective risk. The simultaneous amplification and attenuation of COVID-19 risk perception on social media complicates public health messaging about mask wearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen Hopfer
- Department of Health, Society & Behavior, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Emilia J. Fields
- Department of Health, Society & Behavior, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Yuwen Lu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Ganesh Ramakrishnan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Ted Grover
- Department of Informatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Quishi Bai
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Yicong Huang
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Gloria Mark
- Department of Informatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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13
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Drosopoulou G, Sergentanis TN, Mastorakos G, Vlachopapadopoulou E, Michalacos S, Tzavara C, Bacopoulou F, Psaltopoulou T, Tsitsika A. Psychosocial health of adolescents in relation to underweight, overweight/obese status: the EU NET ADB survey. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:379-384. [PMID: 33152069 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both deviations from normal weight, namely, underweight and overweight/obese status, have been inversely associated with psychosocial health in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the relationship between psychosocial health and body mass index (BMI) among adolescents in five European countries, while assessing the effect of sociodemographic variables. METHODS A cross-sectional school-based study of adolescents aged 14-17.9 years was conducted in the framework of the European Network for Adolescent Addictive Behavior survey. Self-reported questionnaires from Greece, Iceland, the Netherlands, Romania and Spain were used for the current analysis. Associations between Youth Self-Report (YSR) scales and BMI status were investigated by multiple logistic regression analysis. The effect of sociodemographic variables was also measured. RESULTS Τhe sample consisted of 7005 adolescents aged 14-17.9 years. Borderline/clinical scores on some YSR scales were independently associated with overweight/obesity, specifically total problems (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.18-1.96), internalizing ( OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.16-1.91), externalizing (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.10-1.68), social (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.19-2.35) and thought problems (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.20-2.20). Among subscales, overweight/obesity specifically correlated with anxiety/depression (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.33-2.51), withdrawal/depression (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.02-2.48) and rule-breaking behavior (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.15-2.08). Underweight was associated with problems on activities (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.01-1.68) and withdrawal/depression (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.27-3.01). CONCLUSIONS Lower levels of psychosocial health are associated with both deviations from normal weight. These findings suggest the need for health policies that target health habits and lifestyle, as well as positive attitudes towards the body image, with respect to the different psychosocial characteristics of each body weight status category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Drosopoulou
- MSc Program "Strategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health", 2nd Department of Pediatrics, "P.&A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros N Sergentanis
- MSc Program "Strategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health", 2nd Department of Pediatrics, "P.&A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Clinical Therapeutics, "Alexandra" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Mastorakos
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, Aretaieion Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elpis Vlachopapadopoulou
- Department of Endocrinology-Growth and Development, "P.&A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefanos Michalacos
- Department of Endocrinology-Growth and Development, "P.&A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Chara Tzavara
- MSc Program "Strategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health", 2nd Department of Pediatrics, "P.&A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, "Agia Sofia" Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Psaltopoulou
- MSc Program "Strategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health", 2nd Department of Pediatrics, "P.&A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Clinical Therapeutics, "Alexandra" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Artemis Tsitsika
- MSc Program "Strategies of Developmental and Adolescent Health", 2nd Department of Pediatrics, "P.&A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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14
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Yong CE, Kim YB, Lyu J. Body mass index, subjective body shape, and suicidal ideation among community-dwelling Korean adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 79:96. [PMID: 34103086 PMCID: PMC8186091 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have not investigated in depth the combination of objective body weight and subjective body shape and its association with suicidal ideation among different age groups. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the abovementioned association among Korean adults, stratified by developmental stages. Methods We used nationally representative data from the 2017 Korean Community Health Survey, and included 222,037 participants aged 19 years or older in our study. Suicidal ideation was considered as the dependent variable (1 = yes, 0 = no). Along with body mass index (BMI) and subjective body shape measures, seven categories were created (1 = underweight-skinny, 2 = underweight-normal/fat, 3 = healthy weight-skinny, 4 = healthy weight-normal, 5 = healthy weight-fat, 6 = overweight-skinny/normal, 7 = overweight-fat). Multivariate logistic regression was conducted for each age group. Results Adjusted for covariates, young adults who were overweight-fat (OR = 1.18, p < .01), middle-aged adults who were underweight-skinny (OR = 1.32, p < .05), and older adults who were healthy weight-fat (OR = 1.19, p < .05) were more likely to have suicidal ideation than their healthy weight-normal counterparts. Conclusions The results suggest that the association between the combination of objective body weight and subjective body shape and suicidal ideation differs according to the developmental stage. Therefore, this difference should be considered when developing suicide prevention interventions based on the developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Eun Yong
- Interdisciplinary Program of Studies of Life Education, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Young Bum Kim
- Institute of Aging, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lyu
- Institute of Aging, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
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15
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Do weight perception and bullying victimization account for links between weight status and mental health among adolescents? BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1062. [PMID: 34088278 PMCID: PMC8177253 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to explore whether the way youth perceive their weight and their experiences of bullying victimization account for the increased risk of depression and anxiety symptoms, and poor psychosocial well-being, associated with overweight/obesity in a large sample of Canadian secondary school students. We also explored if associations differed by gender. Methods We used cross-sectional survey data from year 7 (2018–19) of the COMPASS study. The sample included 57,059 students in grades 9–12 (Secondary III-V in Quebec) at 134 Canadian secondary schools (Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec). First, multiple regression models tested associations between body mass index (BMI) classification and mental health outcomes (anxiety [GAD-7] and depression [CESD-10] symptoms, and psychosocial well-being [Diener’s Flourishing Scale]). Second, weight perception and bullying victimization were added to the models. Models were stratified by gender and controlled for sociodemographic covariates and school clustering. Results When weight perception and bullying victimization were added to the models, obesity BMI status no longer predicted internalizing symptoms and flourishing scores relative to normal-weight BMIs. Students with ‘overweight’ or ‘underweight’ perceptions, and experiences of bullying victimization in the past month, reported higher anxiety and depressive symptomatology, and lower flourishing levels, in comparison to students with ‘about right’ weight perceptions and without experiences of bullying victimization, respectively, controlling for BMI status. Results were largely consistent across boys and girls. Conclusions Results suggest perceptions of weight and experiences of bullying independently contribute to differences in mental health outcomes by weight status among youth. Continued efforts targeting weight-based bullying and weight bias, and the promotion of body size acceptance and positive body image, may help reduce the risk of mental illness and poor mental health among adolescents.
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16
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Nujić D, Musić Milanović S, Milas V, Miškulin I, Ivić V, Milas J. Association between child/adolescent overweight/obesity and conduct disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12742. [PMID: 33348469 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research findings of the association and its pattern between obesity and psychiatric/psychological comorbidities are not consistent across the types of comorbidities or the study subgroups. OBJECTIVES We aimed to perform meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies and longitudinal studies analysing obesity as a risk factor for conduct disorder in order to assess the association between child/adolescent overweight/obesity and conduct disorder. METHODS Systematic literature search, study selection and data extraction were performed independently by the two authors. Data were analysed by Comprehensive Meta-analysis software. RESULTS Analysis of 13 high-quality cross-sectional studies including 79 027 children and adolescents indicated a significant association between overweight/obesity and conduct disorder among children and adolescents (OR 1.32 [95% CI, 1.18-1.49], I2 = 86.68), with no publication bias. Subgroup analyses yielded a significant difference (P < .01) between boys and girls. Analysis of four low- to moderate-quality longitudinal studies (OR 1.11 [95% CI, 0.89-1.38], I2 = 57.69) showed no prospective association between overweight/obesity and conduct disorder. Subgroup analysis according to gender revealed a significant positive association for boys and negative association for girls. CONCLUSIONS Based on the high-quality cross-sectional data, overweight and obesity are associated with conduct disorder among children and adolescents, affecting boys more frequently than girls. Results of the longitudinal analysis indicated possible association in boys, while girls seem to be protected from conduct disorder. However, these results are very unreliable, indicating the need of well-designed longitudinal studies to elucidate the pattern of association between these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Nujić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sanja Musić Milanović
- Division for Health Promotion, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Milas
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Pediatrics, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivan Miškulin
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vedrana Ivić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Josip Milas
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health of Osijek-Baranja County, Osijek, Croatia
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17
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Doan N, Romano I, Butler A, Laxer RE, Patte KA, Leatherdale ST. Weight control intentions and mental health among Canadian adolescents: a gender-based analysis of students in the COMPASS study. HEALTH PROMOTION AND CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION IN CANADA-RESEARCH POLICY AND PRACTICE 2021; 41:119-130. [PMID: 33851811 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.41.4.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about gender differences in associations between weight control intentions and mental health in adolescents. Our objective was to examine these associations in a large sample of adolescent girls and boys. METHODS Using data from Year 6 (2017-18) of the COMPASS study (n = 57 324), we performed a series of multivariable linear regressions to examine whether weight control intentions (gain, lose, stay the same, no intention) were associated with depression, anxiety and self-concept, while adjusting for relevant covariates including body mass index. Models were stratified by self-reported gender. RESULTS Compared to those with no intentions, girls who intended to lose weight reported higher symptoms of depression (B = 0.52, p < 0.001) and anxiety (B = 0.41, p < 0.001) and poorer self-concept (B = 2.06, p < 0.001). Girls who intended to gain weight also reported higher symptoms of depression (B = 0.54, p < 0.001), anxiety (B = 0.50, p < 0.001) and self-concept (B = 1.25, p < 0.001). Boys who intended to lose weight reported greater symptoms of depression (B = 0.26, p < 0.001) and anxiety (B = 0.33, p < 0.001) and poor self-concept (B = 1.10, p < 0.001). In boys, weight-gain intentions were associated with greater symptoms of anxiety (B = 0.17, p < 0.05), but not depression or self-concept. CONCLUSION Intentions to gain or lose weight were associated with symptoms of mental disorder and poor self-concept in our large sample of adolescents, and these relationships differed in boys and girls. These findings have important implications for school-based programs promoting healthy weight and body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Doan
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabella Romano
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Butler
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Karen A Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Ibrahim H, Mahfoud ZR. No Association Between Suicidality and Weight Among School-Attending Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates. Front Psychol 2021; 12:618678. [PMID: 33815203 PMCID: PMC8010304 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.618678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous data on the link between weight and suicidality is heterogenous. We aim to investigate the potential association between weight and suicidality among adolescents in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). We hypothesize that an association exists between weight and suicidality, with those at both extremes of weight suffering higher rates of suicidal ideation, planning and attempts. The 2016 UAE Global School Health Survey (GSHS) was used. Weight categories based on the World Health Organization Body Mass Index charts were generated. Suicidality measures were based on questions on suicide ideation, planning, and attempt. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were used. Overall, 3.6, 21.4, and 17.5% of students were found to be underweight, overweight, and obese, respectively. In total, 492 students (14.6%) reported suicidal ideation, 397 (11.8%) reported planning, and 389 (11.4%) reported attempts within the twelve months prior to the survey. In the multivariate logistic regression, being female, older, and of lower socioeconomic status were significantly associated with increased suicidal ideation, planning and attempts. Increased parental involvement was associated with decreased suicidality. The association between weight category and suicidality did not reach statistical significance. A significant proportion of Emirati teens are under- or over-weight, with one in seven and one in nine having considered or attempted suicide, respectively. However, this study finds no significant association between weight and suicide ideation, planning, or attempts. This may be due to cultural differences in weight perception. Further research into this association can aid in tailoring suicide prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hania Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ziyad R Mahfoud
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
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19
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Jalali-Farahani S, Amiri P, Zarani F, Azizi F. The main physical components of body image from the perspectives of Iranian adolescents: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:78. [PMID: 33413229 PMCID: PMC7791799 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although different aspects of body image have been extensively studied in Western societies, there is little evidence regarding the main physical components that contribute to perceptions of body image from the perspective of adolescents, especially in Eastern-Mediterranean regions. This study aims to investigate main physical components of body image from the perspectives of Iranian boys and girls. Methods This qualitative study has been conducted using a grounded theory approach. The focus of the current study was on identifying the main physical characteristics of body image as perceived by participants. A total of 13 semi-structured focus group discussions were conducted with 84 adolescents (42 girls and 42 boys), aged 15–18 years. All focus group discussions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data collection continued until saturation was reached. Results The mean age and BMI of participants were 16.2±0.9 years and 24.3±8.0 kg/m2 respectively. Regarding main physical components of body image, three main themes emerged from the data: 1) perceived face/hair, which included three subthemes-facial features, facial shape/form and hair, 2) perceived body, which included three subthemes-body size, body shape and bone structure and 3) perceived physical functioning which included three subthemes-physical ability, physical health and voice tone. Among mentioned themes, perceived body was the concept which was most frequently addressed by both adolescent boys and girls. Additionally, in terms of the other remaining two themes, when adolescents were talking about their bodies, girls more frequently mentioned their faces and its features, while boys tended to talk more about their physical functioning. Conclusion This qualitative study provide further insight into the physical components of body image as perceived by Iranian boys and girls. Current findings indicated that besides those features that focused on body appearance and its aesthetic aspects, physical functioning was another main component of perceived body image by participants. These findings can contribute to the design and implementation of effective interventions aiming at improving body image and its related disorders in Iranian adolescents. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-020-10096-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jalali-Farahani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Zarani
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Psychosocial and biological risk factors of anxiety disorders in adolescents: a TRAILS report. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:1969-1982. [PMID: 33113027 PMCID: PMC8563629 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are a common problem in adolescent mental health. Previous studies have investigated only a limited number of risk factors for the development of anxiety disorders concurrently. By investigating multiple factors simultaneously, a more complete understanding of the etiology of anxiety disorders can be reached. Therefore, we assessed preadolescent socio-demographic, familial, psychosocial, and biological factors and their association with the onset of anxiety disorders in adolescence. This study was conducted among 1584 Dutch participants of the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS). Potential risk factors were assessed at baseline (age 10-12), and included socio-demographic (sex, socioeconomic status), familial (parental anxiety and depression), psychosocial (childhood adversity, temperament), and biological (body mass index, heart rate, blood pressure, cortisol) variables. Anxiety disorders were assessed at about age 19 years through the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed with onset of anxiety disorder as a dependent variable and the above-mentioned putative risk factors as predictors. Of the total sample, 25.7% had a lifetime diagnosis of anxiety disorder at age 19 years. Anxiety disorders were twice as prevalent in girls as in boys. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being female (OR = 2.38, p < .01), parental depression and anxiety (OR = 1.34, p = .04), temperamental frustration (OR = 1.31, p = .02) and low effortful control (OR = 0.76, p = .01) independently predicted anxiety disorders. We found no associations between biological factors and anxiety disorder. After exclusion of adolescents with an onset of anxiety disorder before age 12 years, being female was the only significant predictor of anxiety disorder. Being female was the strongest predictor for the onset of anxiety disorder. Psychological and parental psychopathology factors increased the risk of diagnosis of anxiety, but to a lesser extent. Biological factors (heart rate, blood pressure, cortisol, and BMI), at least as measured in the present study, are unlikely to be useful tools for anxiety prevention and intervention strategies.
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21
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Dissatisfaction with Body Weight among Polish Adolescents Is Related to Unhealthy Dietary Behaviors. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092658. [PMID: 32878216 PMCID: PMC7551787 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the study were to determine the socio-demographic factors that may affect body weight dissatisfaction and to analyze the relationship between eating habits and dissatisfaction with body weight among a national random sample of Polish adolescents aged 13–19 years. Data on gender, age, level of education, body weight status, screen time, body weight satisfaction and selected nutritional behaviors were collected using a questionnaire. Body mass status was assessed based on weight and height measurements. A total of 14,044 students from 207 schools participated in the study. A significant effect of gender, age, level of education, body weight status and screen time status on the participants’ dissatisfaction with the body weight was observed. The greater prevalence of body weight satisfaction was observed among boys, younger subjects, secondary school students, adolescents with normal body weight status and those with screen time up to 2 h. Whereas girls, older study participants (17–19 years old), overweight/obese adolescents and subjects with screen time over 4 h were more often dissatisfied with body weight. Furthermore, it has been shown that participants dissatisfied with their body weight less often met dietary recommendations. These findings can help dietitians, nutritionists and healthcare professionals to provide age-specific and gender-specific nutrition strategies to promote healthy lifestyle among school-going adolescents.
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Moeng-Mahlangu LT, Monyeki MA, Reilly JJ, Mchiza ZJ, Moleah T, Loechl CU, Kruger HS. Level of agreement between objectively determined body composition and perceived body image in 6- to 8-year-old South African children: The Body Composition-Isotope Technique study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237399. [PMID: 32777810 PMCID: PMC7417193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the level of agreement between body size self-perception and actual body size determined by body mass index (BMI) z-score and body fatness measured by the deuterium dilution method (DDM) in South African children aged 6–8 years. A cross-sectional sample of 202 children (83 boys and 119 girls) aged 6–8 years from the Body Composition–Isotope Technique study (BC–IT) was taken. Subjective measures of body image (silhouettes) were compared with the objective measures of BMI z-score and body fatness measured by the DDM. The World Health Organization BMI z-scores were used to classify the children as underweight, normal, overweight, or obese. DDM-measured fatness was classified based on the McCarthy centile curves set at 2nd, 85th and 95th in conjunction with fatness cut-off points of 25% in boys and 30% in girls. Data were analyzed using SPSS v26. Of 202 children, 32.2%, 55.1%, 8.8%, and 2.4% perceived their body size as underweight, normal, overweight, and obese, respectively. Based on BMI z-score, 18.8%, 72.8%, 6.9%, and 1.5% were classified as underweight, normal, overweight, and obese, respectively. Body fatness measurement showed that 2.5%, 48.0%, 21.8%, and 29.7% were underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese, respectively. The application of silhouettes and BMI z-scores resulted in either overestimation or underestimation of own body size. Overall, the levels of agreements (kappa, κ) between body size perception, body fatness, and BMI for age respectively, were small (κ = 0.083, p = 0.053 and κ = 0.154, p<0.001). Level of agreement between body size perception, body fatness, and BMI z-score was poor. The use of silhouettes made children either overestimate their own body size while being underweight or underestimate their own body size while being overweight or obese. Given the potential health implications associated with misclassification of body size during childhood, correct self-assessment of body size is important, and may be key to the adoption of weight control strategies directed at curbing the escalating obesity epidemic in the country. Scalable measures to allow for more accurate self-assessment are urgently needed–one approach is behavior change communication at all levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn T Moeng-Mahlangu
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Makama A Monyeki
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - John J Reilly
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Zandile J Mchiza
- School of Public Health (SoPH), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thabisile Moleah
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Division of Human Health, Vienna International Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia U Loechl
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Division of Human Health, Vienna International Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herculina S Kruger
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Chen Y, Liu X, Yan N, Jia W, Fan Y, Yan H, Ma L, Ma L. Higher Academic Stress Was Associated with Increased Risk of Overweight and Obesity among College Students in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155559. [PMID: 32752122 PMCID: PMC7432099 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined associations between academic stress and overweight and obesity, and moderation effects of gender, grade, and types of college on such associations. Data on academic stress, negative learning events, weight, and height were self-reported by 27,343 college students in China in 2018. About 23% and 91% of students perceived high academic stress and suffered from at least one negative learning event during the past six months, respectively, especially for females, undergraduates, and students major in humanities and social science subject groups. Perceived academic stress was associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity among all students (OR = 1.05, 95%CI: 1.00–1.10), male (OR = 1.09, 95%CI: 1.03–1.15), undergraduate (OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.00–1.11), and students from subordinate universities (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.01–1.26). Negative learning events were associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity among all students (OR = 1.05, 95%CI: 1.01–1.09), undergraduates (OR = 1.05, 95%CI: 1.01–1.09), and students from local universities (OR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.00–1.14). Interventions are needed to reduce the high academic stress of college students, considering the modifying effects of gender, grade, and college type. Such interventions may further contribute to the prevention of overweight and obesity among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Chen
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (Y.C.); (X.L.); (N.Y.); (W.J.); (Y.F.); (H.Y.)
- Research Centre on College Students Ideological Education and Practice, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xi Liu
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (Y.C.); (X.L.); (N.Y.); (W.J.); (Y.F.); (H.Y.)
| | - Ni Yan
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (Y.C.); (X.L.); (N.Y.); (W.J.); (Y.F.); (H.Y.)
| | - Wanru Jia
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (Y.C.); (X.L.); (N.Y.); (W.J.); (Y.F.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yahui Fan
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (Y.C.); (X.L.); (N.Y.); (W.J.); (Y.F.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hong Yan
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (Y.C.); (X.L.); (N.Y.); (W.J.); (Y.F.); (H.Y.)
| | - Lu Ma
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Le Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (Y.C.); (X.L.); (N.Y.); (W.J.); (Y.F.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (L.M.)
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Elia C, Karamanos A, Silva MJ, O’Connor M, Lu Y, Dregan A, Huang P, O’Keeffe M, Cruickshank JK, Enayat EZ, Cassidy A, Molaodi OR, Maynard M, Harding S. Weight misperception and psychological symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood: longitudinal study of an ethnically diverse UK cohort. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:712. [PMID: 32423390 PMCID: PMC7236343 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the association between weight misperception and psychological symptoms in the Determinants of young Adults Social well-being and Health (DASH) longitudinal study. METHODS A longitudinal sample of 3227 adolescents, in 49 secondary schools in London, aged 11-16 years participated in 2002/2003 and were followed up in 2005/2006. A sub-sample (N = 595) was followed up again at ages 21-23 years in 2012/2013. An index of weight misperception was derived from weight perception and measured weight. Psychological well- being was measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at 11-16 years and the General Health Questionnaire at 21-23 years. Associations with weight misperception was assessed using regression models, adjusted for socio-economic and lifestyle factors. RESULTS White British males and females were more likely than ethnic minority peers to report accurate perceptions of measured weight. At 11-13y, 46% females and 38% males did not have an accurate perception of their measured weight. The comparable figures at 14-16y were 42 and 40%. Compared with male adolescents, more females perceived themselves as overweight or were unsure of their weight but measured normal weight, and this was more pronounced among Indians, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis. At 14-16y, more males perceived themselves as underweight but measured normal weight, and this was more pronounced among Indians. Compared with those who had an accurate perception of their normal weight, a higher likelihood of probable clinically-relevant psychological symptoms was observed among those who measured normal weight but perceived themselves to be underweight (females Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.87 95% CI 1.03-3.40; males OR = 2.34 95% CI 1.47-3.71), overweight (females only OR = 2.06 95% CI 1.10-3.87), or unsure of their weight (males only OR = 1.61 95% CI 1.04-2.49). Among females, the association was driven by internalising rather than externalising symptoms. An accurate perception of overweight was associated with higher psychological symptoms in adolescence and early 20s. Ethnic specific effects were not evident. CONCLUSION Weight misperception may be an important determinant of psychological symptoms in young people, with an accurate perception of normal weight status being protective. Culturally targeted interventions should be considered to promote healthy perceptions of body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Elia
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Alexis Karamanos
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201ESRC International Centre for Life Course Studies in Society and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health, University College London, London, WC1 6BT UK
| | - Maria João Silva
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Maeve O’Connor
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Denmark Hill Campus, London, SE5 9RJ UK
| | - Yao Lu
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Denmark Hill Campus, London, SE5 9RJ UK
| | - Alexandru Dregan
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Addison House, Guy’s Campus, London, SE11UL UK
| | - Peiyuan Huang
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Majella O’Keeffe
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - J. Kennedy Cruickshank
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Elli Z. Enayat
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Aidan Cassidy
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Oarabile R. Molaodi
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XMRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maria Maynard
- grid.10346.300000 0001 0745 8880School of Clinical & Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, CL 413 Calverley Building, City Campus, Leeds, LS1 3HE UK
| | - Seeromanie Harding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH, UK. .,Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Addison House, Guy's Campus, London, SE11UL, UK.
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Fetscherin M, Tantleff-Dunn S, Klumb A. Effects of facial features and styling elements on perceptions of competence, warmth, and hireability of male professionals. The Journal of Social Psychology 2020; 160:332-345. [PMID: 31566087 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2019.1671300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Few studies investigated the effects of facial characteristics on stereotyping in the business context. Using a 2 (beard/no beard) x 2 (acne/no acne) x 2 (tie/no tie) x 2 (eyeglasses/no eyeglasses) between subjects' design, two representative samples of 364 and 711 participants rated different stimuli of male subjects on dimensions of competence, warmth and hireability. Based on 4,215 observations, results show acne has a negative and eyeglasses a positive effect on both competence and warmth. Wearing a necktie has a positive effect on competence and a negative effect on warmth. Finally, beardedness has a negative effect on warmth. We also observe that competence has a greater effect on hireability than warmth. We discuss the findings in the context of theoretical and managerial implications for male job applicants as well as HR practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arne Klumb
- Rollins College College of Arts and Sciences
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Berg C, Larsson C. Dieting, body weight concerns and health: trends and associations in Swedish schoolchildren. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:187. [PMID: 32024489 PMCID: PMC7003420 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dieting is a risk factor of both eating disorders and obesity. The aim was to examine time trends of dieting in Swedish adolescents, and explore how dieting and body weight dissatisfaction are related to self-reported health, wellbeing and health behaviours. Methods Analyses of cross-sectional Swedish data from HBSC (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children) surveys 1994–2014. In total, about 30,000 girls and boys in the age of 11, 13 and 15 years participated. Data was collected by using classroom administered questionnaires in 5th, 7th and 9th grade. Logistic regressions was used to analyse secular trends of dieting, and how dieting and body dissatisfaction were associated with self-reported overall health, health behaviours, BMI and various physical, psychological and social aspects of health in 2014. Results Dieting increased from 1994 to 2014 in both girls and boys in all age groups, and in 2014, the prevalence was 14% in girls and 8% in boys. The prevalence of body satisfaction was 65% respectively 69%. Body weight dissatisfaction and dieting were present in all body weight classes and were associated with self-reported poor health and many other negative health aspects. In comparison with the participants that were satisfied with their body weight the odds ratio (95% CI) for self-reported poor health was 3.4 (2.6–4.4) in dieters, 4.9 (3.8–6.4) in participants who perceived a need to lose weight and 2.1 (1.5–2.8) in those who perceived a need to gain weight, when adjusting for age, sex and body weight class. Conclusions When promoting health among school age children body weight dissatisfaction and dieting ought to be considered. Furthermore, it is important to support girls and boys in all weight classes to reach and maintain a healthy body image and weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Berg
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 300, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Christel Larsson
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 300, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
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Paulitsch RG, Demenech LM, Dumith SC. Association of depression and obesity is mediated by weight perception. J Health Psychol 2020; 26:2020-2030. [PMID: 31894712 DOI: 10.1177/1359105319897778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates whether the association between obesity and depression is mediated by the perception of body weight and verifies the combined effect of being obese and having a self-perception of being fat on depression in a population-based sample of 1238 individuals. Weight perception mediated the association between depression and obesity in 39.3 percent of participants. In stratified analysis, mediation occurred in the following groups: non-single, those with more schooling, non-alcohol abusers, non-smokers, and those who did not engage in physical activity. Being obese and having a self-perception of being fat produced a potentiating effect, significantly increasing the likelihood of depression.
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Patte KA, Qian W, Leatherdale ST. Predictors of One-Year Change in How Youth Perceive Their Weight. J Obes 2020; 2020:7396948. [PMID: 32566275 PMCID: PMC7273478 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7396948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overall, perceptions of being at "about the right weight" appear advantageous for youth physical and mental health, regardless of BMI classification, whereas perceptions at either extreme (overweight or underweight) may negatively impact health behaviours and mental health. Instead of considering weight misperceptions as problematic, some researchers have proposed that underestimations of weight status may offer resiliency among individuals with overweight or obesity. Promoting "about right" WPs and preventing change to overweight or underweight perceptions may offer an effective public health strategy for supporting youth health over time. However, limited prospective evidence exists on factors that shape perceptions of weight status over time. The current study examined modifiable predictors of one-year change in weight perception among youths. We used 2-year linked data of 18,112 grade 9-12 students from Year 3 (Y3:2014-2015) and Year 4 (Y4:2015-2016) of the COMPASS study. Generalized Estimating Equation models tested screen use, physical activity, and bullying victimization as predictors of change from perceptions of "about the right weight" to "overweight" or "underweight" perceptions, adjusting for Y3 covariates (body mass index, ethnicity, and grade) and school cluster. Results support the value of team sports among females and resistance exercise among males as protective against changes to overweight or underweight perceptions over one year. Also, various forms of bullying victimization predicted overweight perceptions in males and females. Watching TV/movies or messaging/texting for over 2 hours/day was associated with overweight and underweight perceptions, respectively, in females only. Playing video/computer games for over 2 hours/day was associated with overweight perceptions in males and underweight perceptions in females. Findings support the potential of bullying prevention, limiting certain screen use, and supporting engagement in team sports for females and resistance exercise for males as strategies to maintain perceptions of being at "about the right weight."
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2N 3A1, Canada
| | - Wei Qian
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Scott T. Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Livermore M, Duncan MJ, Leatherdale ST, Patte KA. Are weight status and weight perception associated with academic performance among youth? J Eat Disord 2020; 8:52. [PMID: 33117537 PMCID: PMC7586687 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-020-00329-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests perceptions of being overweight account for many of the psychosocial consequences commonly associated with obesity. Previous research suggests an obesity achievement gap, yet limited research has explored weight perception in association with academic performance. Moreover, underweight perceptions have typically been excluded from research. The current study examined how BMI classification and weight perception relate to academic performance in a large cohort of youth. METHODS We used cross-sectional survey data from 61,866 grade 9-12 students attending the 122 Canadian schools that participated in Year 6 (2017/2018) of the COMPASS study. Mixed effect regression models were used to examine associations between students' BMI classification and weight perceptions and their math and English/French course grades. All models were stratified by sex and adjusted for sociodemographic covariates and school clustering. RESULTS For English/French grades, males and females with overweight or underweight perceptions were less likely to achieve higher grades than their peers with perceptions of being at "about the right weight", controlling for BMI and covariates. For math grades, females with overweight perceptions, and all students with underweight perceptions, were less likely to achieve higher grades than their peers with "about the right weight" perceptions. All students with BMIs in the obesity range were less likely to report grades of 60% or higher than their peers with "normal-weight" BMIs, controlling for weight perception and covariates. Overweight BMIs were predictive of lower achievement in females for English/French grades, and in males for math grades, relative to "normal-weight" BMIs. Results for students that did not respond to the weight and weight perception items resembled those for obesity BMI and overweight/underweight perceptions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study demonstrates that an obesity achievement gap remains when controlling for students' perceptions of their weight, and that both underweight and overweight perceptions predict lower academic performance, regardless of BMI classification. Results suggest barriers to academic success exist among youth with larger body sizes, and those with perceptions of deviating from "about the right weight".
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Livermore
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Niagara Region, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Markus J Duncan
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Niagara Region, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Karen A Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Niagara Region, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1 Canada
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Nishida A, Foo JC, Shimodera S, Nishida A, Okazaki Y, Togo F, Sasaki T. The association of weight status and weight perception with number of confidants in adolescents. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225908. [PMID: 31800623 PMCID: PMC6892562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight status and self-weight perception are related to social relationship issues. Studies have suggested links between non-normal weight status or weight perception and youths having fewer confidants, but these relationships are unclear and remain to be studied. This preliminary cross-sectional study examined the effects of weight status and weight perception on the number of confidants in adolescents. Self-report data from 15,279 grade 7–12 students (54.2% boys) were analyzed. The number of confidants (0–3 or ≥ 4) was examined, according to five weight status categories (underweight, low-normal weight, mid-normal weight (reference), high-normal weight, overweight, with Body Mass Index corresponding to ≤ 18.5, ≤ 20.0, ≤ 22.5, ≤ 25.0 and > 25.0 in adults, respectively), and five weight perception categories (too thin, a bit thin, good (reference), a bit fat, too fat). Boys and girls who were overweight and those who perceived themselves to be too fat were significantly more likely to have few confidants. High-normal weight in girls and self-perception of being a bit fat in boys were also associated with having few confidants. In boys, underweight and self-perception of being too thin were additionally associated with having few confidants. Adolescents with non-normal weight status or weight perception may have fewer confidants and require more social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Nishida
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jerome Clifford Foo
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shinji Shimodera
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Okazaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiharu Togo
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sasaki
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Avinun R. The E Is in the G: Gene-Environment-Trait Correlations and Findings From Genome-Wide Association Studies. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2019; 15:81-89. [PMID: 31558103 DOI: 10.1177/1745691619867107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have shown that pleiotropy is widespread (i.e., the same genetic variants affect multiple traits) and that complex traits are polygenic (i.e., affected by many genetic variants with very small effect sizes). However, despite the growing number of GWASs, the possible contribution of gene-environment correlations (rGEs) to pleiotropy and polygenicity has been mostly ignored. rGEs can lead to environmentally mediated pleiotropy or gene-environment-trait correlations (rGETs), given that an environment that is affected by one genetically influenced phenotype, can in turn affect a different phenotype. By adding correlations with environmentally mediated genetic variants, rGETs can contribute to polygenicity. Socioeconomic status (SES) and the experience of stressful life events may, for example, be involved in rGETs. Both are genetically influenced and have been associated with a myriad of physical and mental disorders. As a result, GWASs of these disorders may find the genetic correlates of SES and stressful life events. Consequently, some of the genetic correlates of physical and mental disorders may be modified by public policy that affects environments such as SES and stressful life events. Thus, identifying rGETs can shed light on findings from GWASs and have important implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Avinun
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University.,Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
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Ramos P, Moreno-Maldonado C, Moreno C, Rivera F. The Role of Body Image in Internalizing Mental Health Problems in Spanish Adolescents: An Analysis According to Sex, Age, and Socioeconomic Status. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1952. [PMID: 31507499 PMCID: PMC6714592 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During adolescence there is a relatively high prevalence of weight problems and eating disorders. Furthermore, body image plays an important role in weight control and eating behaviors as well as in mental health. This study analyses the influence of body mass index, perception of being overweight, and body image satisfaction (BIS) on internalizing symptoms related to mental health in adolescents. In addition, sex, age, socioeconomic status (SES), dieting, and physical activity are taken into consideration. This research is based on the international study Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC). The sample consists of 4531 Spanish adolescents from 13 to 18 years old. Participants were selected through random multi-stage sampling stratified by conglomerates. Two instruments were employed: the HBSC questionnaire and the Youth Self-Report (Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment, ASEBA). Results demonstrated that BIS –the emotional component related to body image– was the main predictor of adolescent internalizing symptoms. In addition, results show double-inequalities according to the interaction effects of sex, age, and SES. Likewise, interesting results are shown regarding how dieting behaviors to lose or gain weight/volume and physical activity relate to body image perception and satisfaction, as well as with internalizing symptoms. This study highlights important body image aspects relevant to intervention and prevention of internalized mental health problems in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Ramos
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Concepción Moreno-Maldonado
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Moreno
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Rivera
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Lee J, Jeongeun K, Ahjung B, Meiling J, Meihua P, Kyungryeon K, Hyeoiyun L. Application Design for Child Obesity Management Based on Users' Preferences and Needs. West J Nurs Res 2019; 42:356-364. [PMID: 31328657 DOI: 10.1177/0193945919862797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the constructive preferences and needs of children and guardians in a child obesity management application, and to suggest and visualize the key features of its design. To reflect users' preferences and needs, the questionnaires used in this study were developed in four stages: draft, validity test, review, and final version. The survey was conducted with fifth and sixth grade children who are overweight or obese and their guardians. Differences were observed by gender and between children and guardians with respect to children's perceived body shape, technology experience and preferences, preferred obesity management method, application design, exercise and diet-related features, preferred partner for obesity management, and preferred reward after mission completion. Our study suggests and visualizes the key features of a child obesity management application for both children and guardians based on their preferences and needs, which can be utilized by both application developers and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisan Lee
- Catholic University of Pusan College of Nursing, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kim Jeongeun
- Seoul National University, College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Seoul National University, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byun Ahjung
- Seoul National University, College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Meiling
- Seoul National University, College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Piao Meihua
- Seoul National University, College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Lee Hyeoiyun
- Seoul National University, College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic University of Korea, Yeouido ST. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Does perceived overweight increase risk of depressive symptoms and suicidality beyond objective weight status? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2019; 73:101753. [PMID: 31715442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a significant disease burden, but whether recognising as opposed to failing to recognise personal overweight is beneficial or detrimental to mental health is unclear. Here we examine the associations between perceived overweight and depressive symptoms and suicidality. A systematic search of three electronic databases yielded 10,398 unique records, from which 32 studies (110 observations) were eligible for inclusion. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each outcome using random effects meta-analyses and potential publication bias was examined. Perceived overweight was associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms (OR: 1.42, CI: 1.31, 1.54 p <.0001, N >128,585) and suicidality (OR: 1.41, CI: 1.28, 1.56, p <.0001, N = 133,576) in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. The association between perceived overweight and poorer mental health was observed irrespective of study origin, participant age (children vs. adults), gender, and whether or not a person was objectively overweight. The pooled statistical relationship between objective weight status and poorer mental health was attenuated to non-significance when perceived overweight was accounted for, suggesting that the detrimental effect of overweight on mental health is largely dependent on whether or not a person identifies as overweight.
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Gaylis JB, Levy SS, Hong MY. Relationships between body weight perception, body mass index, physical activity, and food choices in Southern California male and female adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2019.1614465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn B. Gaylis
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University , San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Susan S. Levy
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University , San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mee Young Hong
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University , San Diego, CA, USA
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Maison D, Marchlewska M, Sekścińska K, Rudzinska-Wojciechowska J, Łozowski F. You don't have to be rich to save money: On the relationship between objective versus subjective financial situation and having savings. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214396. [PMID: 30934007 PMCID: PMC6443156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Saving is an important financial behavior that provides an individual with psychological security and boosts his/her overall sense of well-being. For this reason, scientists and practitioners have attempted to understand why some people save when others do not. One of the most common explanations for this phenomenon is that those individuals who earn more should be more willing to save their money. In line with this logic, people who have more money should be more likely to have savings. Considering the results of prior research, we expected objective financial situation (income) to be positively linked to having savings (i.e., propensity to have savings and the exact amount of savings). At the same time, however, we assumed that subjective financial situation (perception) should also be positively related to these variables. To test our assumptions, we conducted a nationwide representative survey (N = 1048) among Polish respondents, asking them about their objective and subjective financial situation. The results of a regression analysis showed that objective financial situation was indeed significantly positively related to having savings. However, subjective financial situation was also positively correlated with having savings (even when we controlled for objective financial situation and demographic variables). We discuss the implications of the links between objective versus subjective financial situations and having savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Maison
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Filip Łozowski
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Shoraka H, Amirkafi A, Garrusi B. Review of Body Image and some of Contributing Factors in Iranian Population. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:19. [PMID: 30820306 PMCID: PMC6390429 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_293_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Body image is the perception of individuals of their own body and it can be affected by many variables such as culture, social pressure, and media, but it is not limited to these factors. Body image disturbances are important because they lead to severe physical or psychological health problems. Development of body image dissatisfaction in Eastern communities has been increased in the past years. Despite many studies in Asian societies, In Iran, studies are scattered and limited. Our goal is a better understanding of this matter in Iran. A review of scientific literature about Body Image and Iran was conducted inPubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, and ProQuest, also in Persian scientific databases such as Scientific Information Database (SID) and Thematic Guide to Iranian Publications (MAGIRAN). This search has been conducted in January 2018. Out of 389 articles, 44 of them were selected. In these articles, study period, sample characteristics, type of study, contributing variables, type of statistical analysis, and the main result of each article were extracted. Despite using different methods for detection of body dissatisfaction, results showed that this problem has a high prevalence in Iranian population. Contributing factors were also similar to the world findings. Review of studies regarding body dissatisfaction in Iran, revealed a high prevalence of this problem. It seems there is a need for interventional programs to prevent the negative consequences of body dissatisfaction, especially in teenagers and young people. Future studies with scientific or longitudinal design, which lead to better results, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Shoraka
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Amirkafi
- Medical Students Association, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behshid Garrusi
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Moon JH, Kong MH, Kim HJ. Low Muscle Mass and Depressed Mood in Korean Adolescents: a Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Fourth and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e320. [PMID: 30534032 PMCID: PMC6281954 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle mass and muscle function are related to depressed mood in studies of adults. Like adults, Korean students are highly likely to suffer from decreased muscle mass due to social conditions. In this study, we evaluated the muscle mass status of Korean adolescents and assess the effect of muscle on depressive mood. METHODS A total of 1,233 adolescent boys and girls participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were enrolled in our study. Participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for assessment of appendicular muscle mass and completed questionnaires regarding depressed mood, stress, suicidal ideations, and attempts. RESULTS There was no difference in depressive mood according to muscle mass among boys (P = 0.634); girls with decreased muscle mass had a greater tendency for depressed mood compared to girls with optimal muscle mass (P = 0.023). After adjusting for age, waist circumference-to-height ratio, smoking status, alcohol consumption, frequency of physical activity, self-reported obesity, weight-loss efforts, and monthly household income, girls with low muscle mass (LMM) were 2.60 times more at risk of developing depression than girls with normal muscle mass (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-6.49; P = 0.040). This trend was similar for girls with LMM with obesity (95% CI, 1.00-11.97; P = 0.049). CONCLUSION Adolescent girls who have insufficient muscle mass are more likely to report depressed mood than girls who have ideal muscle mass. Interventions for maintaining proper muscle mass are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Moon
- Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Mi Hee Kong
- Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Hyeon Ju Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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Eitle D, Eitle TM. Obesity, Overweightness, and Depressive Symptomology Among American Indian Youth. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018; 5:1305-1314. [PMID: 29524181 PMCID: PMC6129431 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-018-0479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite evidence that American Indian adolescents are at a heightened risk of obesity/overweightness and experiencing depression, relative to other groups, there exists a dearth of studies that have examined the association between objective and perceptual measures of obesity and overweightness and depression with this understudied group. Our study represents one of the first studies to examine this association among American Indian youth. METHODS Using a subsample of American Indian youth from waves I and II of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (a survey of schools and students in the USA, with wave I collected in 1994 and wave II collected in 1995), we explore this association. We examine three measures of weight: obesity, body mass index, and weight perception. We also consider gender-specific models and a subsample of non-Hispanic whites, in order to assess race differences in the obesity and overweightness-depression relationship. RESULTS Our findings reveal that neither of our objective measures of weight, obesity, nor body mass index are significant predictors of depressive symptoms for either American Indian or white youth. However, we find evidence that the subjective measure of weight perception is a significant predictor of depressive symptoms for white females, but not for American Indian females. CONCLUSIONS Our results contribute to past findings that measures of obesity/overweightness weight may be more important to white female's mental health than females from other racial groups, although additional research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eitle
- Montana State University Bozeman, Bozeman, MT, USA.
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40
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Lanza HI, Pittman P, Hser YI. Parenting With a Substance Abuse History: The Moderating Role of Parenting Behaviors on Obesity and Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescence. YOUTH & SOCIETY 2018; 52:1436-1458. [PMID: 33678918 PMCID: PMC7932061 DOI: 10.1177/0044118x18815274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have shown that child obesity is associated with internalizing symptoms, relatively few studies have examined the role of parenting behaviors on this relationship. Youth meeting obesity status may be at higher risk of psychosocial maladjustment when exposed to more vulnerable parenting contexts. The current study interviewed mothers with a history of substance abuse to assess whether parenting behaviors moderated the relationship between obesity and internalizing symptoms among adolescents (N = 160; 51% girls; M = 12.76 years). Hierarchical regression analyses identified physical discipline as a moderator; girls meeting obesity status displayed higher levels of internalizing symptoms when exposed to higher versus lower levels of physical discipline. Prevention/intervention efforts targeting mothers with substance abuse histories should aim to not only improve physical and emotional health but also highlight the connections between physical and emotional health and the influence of parenting behaviors on associations.
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Disordered eating attitudes and emotional/behavioral adjustment in Greek adolescents. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:621-628. [PMID: 29189978 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between disordered eating attitudes and emotional/behavioral adjustment in Greek adolescents as well as the moderating role of gender and body mass index (BMI) in this relationship. METHODS Ninety adolescents, 11-18 years old, were assessed using anthropometric measurements; demographics, eating attitudes and level of emotional/behavioral adjustment were examined via self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS Disordered eating attitudes were prevalent in 17.8% of the sample. A significant relationship was found between disordered eating attitudes and Youth Self-Report (YSR) anxiety score (r = .22, p < .05). Gender significantly moderated the relationship between YSR anxiety symptoms and Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) scores (b = .59, p = .01) and this effect held true for the EAT bulimia subscale (b = .20, p = .03), but not for the dieting or the oral control subscales. Contrary to our hypothesis, BMI did not moderate the relationship between EAT and YSR anxiety sub-scores (b = .13, p > .05). CONCLUSION Girls with elevated anxiety levels appear to be at risk for exhibiting disordered eating attitudes, especially bulimic behaviors. This finding highlights the importance of developing gender-based preventive interventions tailored to these specific emotional/behavioral aspects. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Hoffmann S, Cortés-García L, Warschburger P. Weight/shape and muscularity concerns and emotional problems in adolescent boys and girls: A cross-lagged panel analysis. J Adolesc 2018; 68:70-77. [PMID: 30041056 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The goal of the present study was to identify the prospective relations between weight/shape and muscularity concerns and emotional problems in adolescents. METHODS Self-report data of 966 German male and female adolescents were analyzed in a cross-lagged panel design. RESULTS Analyses of latent means revealed significant correlations between weight/shape concern and emotional problems as well as between muscularity concern and emotional problems in both genders. Moreover, weight/shape concern predicted emotional problems prospectively, but only in girls. Regarding muscularity concern, we could not find any prospective relation with emotional problems in boys or girls from the general population. CONCLUSIONS It is assumed that as appearance is highly relevant for the self-concept in girls, concerns about the look might promote emotional problems. Thus, weight/shape concern should be addressed in the prevention of emotional problems in adolescent girls, whereas further research is necessary investigating the contribution of muscularity concern in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Cortés-García
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Kim Y, Austin SB, Subramanian SV, Kawachi I. Body weight perception, disordered weight control behaviors, and depressive symptoms among Korean adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198841. [PMID: 29902214 PMCID: PMC6002096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/ PURPOSE Despite emerging evidence suggesting harmful influences of accurate weight perception on psychological health among individuals with obesity, little is known about the association in Asian populations. The aim of this study was investigate the association between body weight perception and depressive symptoms among Korean adults, and potential differential associations across gender. METHODS We used data from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2014, comprising 3,318 female (n = 1,876) and male (n = 1,442) participants, aged 19-65 years, with no history of depression and a body-mass index (BMI)> = 18.5kg/m2. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Korean version. Weight perception patterns were categorized by comparing self-perceived and objectively measured weight status. Gender-stratified four-level multilevel linear models adjusted for age, BMI, menopause, education, income, marital status, urbanicity, chronic conditions, exercise, smoking, and alcohol use. Subgroup analyses were performed across BMI category. RESULTS Among women with obesity, those who underperceived their weight status reported fewer depressive symptoms compared to those who accurately perceived their weight status (β = -1.25, p<0.05). Among women with normal weight, those who overperceived their weight status reported more depressive symptoms compared to those who accurately perceived their weight status (β = 1.00, p<0.05). The same associations were not found in men. CONCLUSION Awareness-oriented strategies for obesity prevention and weight management focused on providing information on weight status may need to consider unintended consequences of accurate weight perception on mental health among individuals with obesity, particularly among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjoo Kim
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - S. Bryn Austin
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - S. V. Subramanian
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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The association between BMI and body weight perception among children and adolescents in Jilin City, China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194237. [PMID: 29579108 PMCID: PMC5868793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We evaluated the association between BMI and body weight perception in a sample of children and adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted among 7–18 year-olds (N = 9727) from 4 districts in Jilin City, China. We calculated BMI from measured weight and height and assessed body weight perception using a single questionnaire item. We analyzed these data using SPSS version 20.0. Results Approximately 19.8% of these youth perceived themselves as underweight, 57.8% as normal weight, and 22.4% as overweight. In reality, 4.9% were underweight, 64.3% were normal weight, and 30.8% were overweight. Furthermore, approximately 66.4% of these Chinese youth correctly perceived their body image, 28.2% underestimated their true body image, and 5.4% overestimated their weight status. Girls were more likely than boys to overestimate their weight (χ2 = 135.4, p < 0.05). Adolescents 13–18 years old were more likely than children 7–12 years old to overestimate their weight (χ2 = 248.4, p < 0.05). Senior high school students were the most likely to overestimate their weight (χ2 = 297.6, p < 0.05). Kappa tests revealed significant differences in consistency analysis of BMI and body weight perception (Kappa = 0.352, p < 0.05). Kappa < 0.4, the consistency of BMI and body weight perception was poor. Conclusions A mismatch existed between BMI and body weight perception among these children and adolescents. Thus, schools and parents should take steps to help them improve weight management and overall health awareness.
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Heo M, Jimenez CC, Lim J, Isasi CR, Blank AE, Lounsbury DW, Fredericks L, Bouchard M, Faith MS, Wylie-Rosett J. Effective nationwide school-based participatory extramural program on adolescent body mass index, health knowledge and behaviors. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:7. [PMID: 29338731 PMCID: PMC5771213 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent obesity is a major public health concern. Open to all high school students regardless of weight status, HealthCorps is a nationwide program offering a comprehensive high school-based participatory educational program to indirectly address obesity. We tested a hypothesis that the HealthCorps program would decrease BMI z-scores among overweight or obese students, and reduce obesity rates, and evaluated its effects on health knowledge and behaviors. Methods HealthCorps aimed to improve student knowledge and behaviors regarding nutrition quality, physical activity, sleep, breakfast intake, and mental resilience. Participating students received through HealthCorps coordinators weekly or bi-weekly classroom lessons either for a semester or a year in addition to various during- and after-school health-promoting activities and mentorship. Self-reported height and weight were collected along with questionnaires assessing knowledge and behaviors during 2013-2014 academic year among 14 HealthCorps-participating New York City high schools. This quasi experimental two-arm pre-post trial included 611 HealthCorps and 221 comparison arm students for the analytic sample. Sex-specific analyses stratified by weight status were adjusted for age and Hispanic ethnicity with clustering effects of schools and students taken into account. Results HealthCorps female overweight/obese and obese student had a significant decrease in BMI z-scores (post-pre delta BMI z-score = −0.16 (95%CI = (−0.26, −0.05), p = 0.004 for the former; and = −0.23 (−0.44, −0.03), p = 0.028, for the latter) whereas comparison female counterparts did not. The HealthCorps students, but not the comparison students, had a significant increase for all knowledge domains except for the breakfast realm, and reported a greater number of significant behavior changes including fruit and vegetable intake and physical activities. Conclusions The HealthCorps program was associated with reduced BMI z-score in overweight/obese and obese female adolescents, with enhanced health knowledge and behavior for both sexes. With its wide reach, this may be a promising program to help combat adolescent obesity in schools. Trial registration This study is registered as a clinical trial at the ClinicalTrials.gov registry with trial number NCT02277496 on September 10, 2014 (Retrospectively registered). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12887-017-0975-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonseong Heo
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Camille C Jimenez
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jean Lim
- HealthCorps, 33 Irving Pl, 3rd Floor, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Arthur E Blank
- Department of Family and Social Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Harold and Muriel Block Building, Room 409, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Belfer 13-th floor, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - David W Lounsbury
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Lynn Fredericks
- FamilyCook Productions, 330 East 43rd street, Ste. 704, New York, NY, 10017, USA
| | | | - Myles S Faith
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, 420 Baldy Hall, University of Buffalo - SUNY, Buffalo, NY, 14260-1000, USA
| | - Judith Wylie-Rosett
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
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Demographic differences in and correlates of perceived body image discrepancy among urban adolescent girls: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:201. [PMID: 29207976 PMCID: PMC5717818 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0952-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding factors related to girls’ body image discrepancy, which is the difference between self-perceived current or actual and ideal body size, is important for addressing body-related issues and preventing adverse sequelae. Two aims were to: 1) examine demographic differences in body image discrepancy; and 2) determine the association of body image discrepancy with weight status, percent body fat, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and cardiovascular (CV) fitness among young adolescent girls. Methods The cross-sectional study included a secondary analysis of baseline data from a group randomized controlled trial including 1519 5th–8th grade girls in 24 U.S. schools. Girls completed physical activity and sedentary behavior surveys. To indicate perceived current/actual and ideal body image, girls selected from nine body figures the one that represented how they look now and another showing how they want to look. Girls wore accelerometers measuring physical activity. Height, weight, and percent body fat were assessed. The Progressive Aerobic CV Endurance Run was used to estimate CV fitness. Independent t-test, one- and two-way ANOVA, correlational analyses, and hierarchical linear regressions were performed. Results The majority (67.5%; n = 1023) chose a smaller ideal than current/actual figure. White girls had higher body image discrepancy than Black girls (p = .035). Body image discrepancy increased with increasing weight status (F3,1506 = 171.32, p < .001). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and vigorous physical activity were negatively correlated with body image discrepancy (r = −.10, p < .001; r = −.14, p < .001, respectively), but correlations were not significant after adjusting for race and body mass index (BMI), respectively. Body image discrepancy was moderately correlated with CV fitness (r = −.55, p < .001). After adjusting for demographics, percent body fat, but not CV fitness or MVPA, influenced body image discrepancy. Girls with higher percent body fat had higher body image discrepancy (p < .001). Conclusion This study provided important information to guide interventions for promoting a positive body image among girls. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01503333, registration date: January 4, 2012.
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Lee EY, Myre M, Hwang J, Chun H, Seo E, Pabayo R, Spence JC. Body weight misperception and psychological distress among young South Korean adults: the role of physical activity. Glob Health Res Policy 2017; 2:17. [PMID: 29202085 PMCID: PMC5683333 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-017-0036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggests that body weight misperception may be associated with psychological distress among people in developed countries. Participating in physical activity (PA) may negate the association between weight misperception and psychological distress given the well-known benefits of PA on psychological health. This study examined the role of PA in associations between body weight misperception and psychological distress among young South Korean adults. Methods Data from individuals aged 20 to 39 years who participated in the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2010–2012 (N = 6055) was included in the logistic regressions. Results The proportions of the respondents under- and over-perceiving their body weight were 66.9% and 0.8% among men and 16.3% and 15.6% among women respectively. A moderating effect of PA participation was observed on the relationship between body weight over-perception and depressed mood (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.55; 95% Confidence Intervals [95% CI] = 0.34, 0.89). Among individuals who did not meet the recommended vigorous-intensity PA (≥ 20 min/session and ≥ 3 day/week), body weight over-perception was associated with depressed mood (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.19, 2.46) compared to the accurate-perception group. However, no association was observed among those who met the recommended vigorous-intensity PA (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 0.45, 5.22). Similar patterns were found among physically active versus inactive individuals (recommended walking not met: OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.29, 3.15; recommended walking met: OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.66, 2.49; muscular strengthening exercises for < 2 day/week: OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.21, 2.51; muscular strengthening exercises for ≥ 2 day/week: OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 0.37, 5.14). No relationship existed between body weight over-perception and depressed mood after adjusting for PA. Conclusions Participating in regular PA may buffer a potential negative impact of body weight over-perception on depressive mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Lee
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, 1-149 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Maxine Myre
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, 1-149 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Jongnam Hwang
- Department of Health Promotion, Daegu University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Heeran Chun
- College of Health Sciences, Jungwon University, Geosan, Chung-buk South Korea
| | - Eunchul Seo
- Department of Sport Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Roman Pabayo
- School of Community and Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV USA.,Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston, MA USA
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, 1-149 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB Canada
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St-Jean A, Meziou S, Roy C, Ayotte P, Muckle G, Lucas M. Branched-chain and aromatic amino acids in relation to behavioral problems among young Inuit from Nunavik, Canada: a cohort study. Pediatr Res 2017; 82:416-422. [PMID: 28486439 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundObesity and insulin resistance are linked with mood disorders, and elevated concentrations of branched-chain (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs). Our study aimed to prospectively assess the relationship between childhood plasma BCAAs and AAAs, and behavioral problems in young Inuit from Nunavik.MethodsWe analyzed data on 181 children (with a mean age of 11.4 years at baseline) involved in the Nunavik Child Development Study. Plasma BCAA and AAA concentrations were measured in childhood (2005-2010). BCAA/AAA tertiles-the ratio of total BCAAs to AAAs-were considered as surrogate categorical independent variables. Behavioral problems were assessed with the Youth Self-Report (YSR) from the Child Behavior Checklist about 7 years later during adolescence (2013-2016). ANOVA ascertained relationships between BCAA/AAA tertiles and YSR outcomes.ResultsAscending BCAA/AAA tertiles were positively associated (Ptrend<0.05) with somatic complaint scores. Scores of somatic complaints syndrome were significantly higher (Ptrend <0.05) with increasing BCAA/AAA tertiles among both normal and overweight/obese participants.ConclusionOur results suggest that higher BCAA/AAA ratios in childhood are significantly associated with somatic complaints in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audray St-Jean
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Salma Meziou
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Cynthia Roy
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, Canada
| | - Gina Muckle
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Lucas
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Awosan KJ, Adeniyi SA, Bello H, Bello-Ibrahim Z. Nutritional status, weight perception and weight control practices among office employees in Sokoto, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 27:279. [PMID: 29187948 PMCID: PMC5660898 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.27.279.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overweight and obesity have become the fifth leading risk for global deaths. Office employees have been identified as a high risk group due to the sedentary nature of their work, and accurate weight perception is believed to be critical to acceptance of weight control interventions. This study was conducted to assess the nutritional status, weight perception and weight control practices of office employees in Sokoto, Nigeria. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted among 285 randomly selected office employees in private establishments in Sokoto, Nigeria, in February and March 2013. Anthropometry was done for the participants in addition to questionnaire administration. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 33.08 ± 7.23 years, they were predominantly males (56.5%) and married (57.5%). None was underweight, 111 (38.9%) had normal weight, 105 (36.8%) were overweight and 69 (24.2%) were obese. Among the participants with normal weight, overweight and obesity, 71.2%, 35.2% and 58.0% respectively accurately perceived their weight; while 28.8%, 50.5% and 30.4% respectively underestimated their weight. There was poor agreement between actual and perceived weight (k statistics = 0.341, p < 0.001). Only 67 (23.5%) of the 285 participants were engaged in weight control practices. CONCLUSION This study showed high prevalence of overweight and obesity, weight misperceptions, and poor uptake of weight control practices among office employees in Sokoto, Nigeria. These findings underscore the need for a holistic approach to obesity control interventions that encompasses both body image perception and nutritional assessment.
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Preventing weight-related problems among adolescent girls: A cluster randomized trial comparing the Brazilian 'New Moves' program versus observation. Obes Res Clin Pract 2017; 12:102-115. [PMID: 28797704 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a cluster randomized controlled trial comparing the Brazilian version of the New Moves program (NMP) versus observation among Brazilian adolescent girls. METHODS Ten schools were randomly allocated to the Brazilian NMP or the observation arm. Study participants included 12-14-year-old girls. Recruitment occurred between February 2014 and March 2015. The NMP included sports, nutritional support, motivational interviews, collective lunch, and parental information materials. Our main outcome was the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Secondary outcomes included the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Unhealthy Weight-Control Behaviors Index, as well as body mass index. Study results were evaluated through generalized estimating equations. RESULTS A total of 270 adolescents participated in the study. At baseline, mean age was 13.4 years, and average BMI was 21.4. The intervention did not result in any statistically significant differences between the NMP and the observation arm, including BSQ (predicted means of 64.33 - IC 95% 59.2-69.47 vs. 62.02 - IC 95% 56.63-67.4), respectively) and our secondary outcomes. Adherence was low during the intervention (32.9%) and maintenance (19.1%) phases of the program. CONCLUSION The New Moves program did not lead to significant changes in our measured outcomes. Future studies should investigate whether changes might occur when comprehensive behavioral programs are sustained over longer periods while also being customized to local population characteristics.
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