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Aghajani R, Saeidi M, Amiriani T, Marjani M, Amiriani AH, Akhavan Tabib A, Marjani A. Genetic polymorphisms -137 (G > C) (rs187238) and -607 (C > A) (rs1946518) and serum level of interleukin 18 in Fars ethnic groups with metabolic syndrome in Northern Iran. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1596-1602. [PMID: 32633568 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1784954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to determine the genetic polymorphisms and serum level of interleukin 18 in Fars ethnic groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS 226 Fars ethnic groups were participated. The ATP III criteria were used to assess MS components. The SNPs of the IL-18 gene were determined with ARMS-PCR. RESULTS The GG, GC, and CC genotypes of -137 were 50%, 40%, and 10%. The CC, CA, and AA genotypes of -607 were 45%, 37%, and 18%. The GG, GC, and CC genotypes of -137 were 44.20%, 43.40%, and 12.40%, and were 55.75%, 36.28%, and 7.97% in subjects with and without MS, respectively. The CC, CA, and AA genotypes of -607 were 48.70%, 37.20%, and 14.20% and were 41.60%, 37.20%, and 21.20% in both groups, respectively. CONCLUSION IL-18 gene may different in specific populations, different ethnic groups and geographic regions. The IL-18 polymorphisms might not be used as a marker of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roja Aghajani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saeidi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Immunology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Taghi Amiriani
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Majid Marjani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Atefeh Akhavan Tabib
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdoljalal Marjani
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Somm E, Jornayvaz FR. Interleukin-18 in metabolism: From mice physiology to human diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:971745. [PMID: 36313762 PMCID: PMC9596921 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.971745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a classical member of the IL-1 superfamily of cytokines. As IL-1β, IL-18 precursor is processed by inflammasome/caspase-1 into a mature and biologically active form. IL-18 binds to its specific receptor composed of two chains (IL-18Rα and IL-18Rβ) to trigger a similar intracellular signaling pathway as IL-1, ultimately leading to activation of NF-κB and inflammatory processes. Independently of this IL-1-like signaling, IL-18 also specifically induces IFN-γ production, driving the Th1 immune response. In circulation, IL-18 binds to the IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) with high affinity, letting only a small fraction of free IL-18 able to trigger receptor-mediated signaling. In contrast to other IL-1 family members, IL-18 is produced constitutively by different cell types, suggesting implications in normal physiology. If the roles of IL-18 in inflammatory processes and infectious diseases are well described, recent experimental studies in mice have highlighted the action of IL-18 signaling in the control of energy homeostasis, pancreatic islet immunity and liver integrity during nutritional stress. At the same time, clinical observations implicate IL-18 in various metabolic diseases including obesity, type 1 and 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In the present review, we summarize and discuss both the physiological actions of IL-18 in metabolism and its potential roles in pathophysiological mechanisms leading to the most common human metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes and NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Somm
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Emmanuel Somm, ; François R. Jornayvaz,
| | - François R. Jornayvaz
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Emmanuel Somm, ; François R. Jornayvaz,
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Ebrahim E, Teklu T, Tajebe F, Wondmagegn T, Akelew Y, Fiseha M. Association of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4 Gene Polymorphism with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: In silico Analysis of Biological Features of CTLA-4 Protein on Ethiopian Population. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2733-2751. [PMID: 36091481 PMCID: PMC9462946 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s375023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T1DM is a chronic organ-specific T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of β-cells in the islets of Langerhans, resulting in insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. Genes for cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 have been hypothesized as possible contender genes for T1DM vulnerability. However, it has not been studied in the Ethiopian population yet. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate CTLA-4 exon 1 was linked to A49G polymorphism with T1DM and its biological features of CTLA-4 among T1DM patients, in Ethiopia. METHODS A case-control study was done from December 2019 to March 2020 on 210 study participants (105 T1DM patients and 105 healthy controls). Polymerase Chain Reaction amplification with forward and reverse primers was followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and gel electrophoresis to determine gene polymorphism. Bioinformatics data of SNP was retrieved from National Centers for Biotechnology Information databases. The chi-square test and logistic regression were used. Statistical significance was defined as a P-value of less than 0.05. RESULTS The CTLA-4 (+A49G) gene polymorphism was observed on 56 (26.7%) study participants, 39 (18.57%) of T1DM patients, and 17 (0.08%) were controls. In T1DM and controls, the frequency of the A allele was 73.3% and 89.5%, while the G allele was 26.7% and 10.5%, respectively. The G allele was found to be associated with T1DM (OR=3.1; 95% CI, 1.82 -5.32; P=0.001). Statistical analysis revealed an association between the likelihood of T1DM and GG genotype of the CTLA-4 (+A49G) gene polymorphism (OR=3.11; 95% CI, 1.37-10.90; P=0.01). Further in silico analyzed the SNP to assess its biological features. CONCLUSION The study showed as CTLA-4 (+A49G) gene polymorphism is linked with T1DM in the Ethiopian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endris Ebrahim
- Immunology and Molecular Biology, Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Endris Ebrahim, Email
| | - Takele Teklu
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Fitsumbrhan Tajebe
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tadelo Wondmagegn
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yibeltal Akelew
- Immunology and Molecular Biology, Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Fiseha
- Hematology and Immunohematology, Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Association between IL-18 and IL-6 gene polymorphisms and the risk of T1D in Egyptian children. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:439-446. [PMID: 34222070 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00763-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To test the involvement between IL-18 and IL-6 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at positions -607A/C and - 137G/C in IL-18 promoter region were examined by sequence specific primers-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) and position -174G/C in promoter region of IL-6 gene which analyzed by Mutagenically Separated PCR (MS-PCR) in 104 T1D participants and 114 controls. Results IL-18 -137GC and -137CC genotypes and -137C allele were significantly decreased in T1D subjects (P < 0.05), while -137GG genotype was insignificantly increased as compared to controls. A significant decrease was detected in haplotype -137C/-607C frequency in T1D participants compared with controls (OR = 0.04, P < 0.001). There was significant association between IL-18 -607 of (CC, AC and AA genotypes) in age at diagnosis, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and higher body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrated that IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms might be associated with susceptibility to T1D in Egyptian children. Individuals carrying CC genotype at position -137 of IL-18 promoter may be at a low risk of T1D progression. Additionally, the susceptible combination of IL-18 and IL-6 cytokine genes associated with T1D highlight their risk toward the disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-021-00763-w.
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Hosseini A, Gharibi T, Marofi F, Babaloo Z, Baradaran B. CTLA-4: From mechanism to autoimmune therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106221. [PMID: 32007707 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CD28 and CTLA-4 are both important stimulatory receptors for the regulation of T cell activation. Because receptors share common ligands, B7.1 and B7.2, the expression and biological function of CTLA-4 is important for the negative regulation of T cell responses. Therefore, elimination of CTLA-4 can result in the breakdown of immune tolerance and the development of several diseases such as autoimmunity. Inhibitory signals of CTLA-4 suppress T cell responses and protect against autoimmune diseases in many ways. In this review, we summarize the structure, expression and signaling pathway of CTLA-4. We also highlight how CTLA-4 defends against potentially self-reactive T cells. Finally, we discuss how the CTLA-4 regulates a number of autoimmune diseases that indicate manipulation of this inhibitory molecule is a promise as a strategy for the immunotherapy of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Hosseini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Gharibi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Babaloo
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Jahanbani-Ardakani H, Alsahebfosoul F, Etemadifar M, Abtahi SH. Interleukin 18 Polymorphisms and its serum level in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2019; 22:474-476. [PMID: 31736573 PMCID: PMC6839318 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_515_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disorder of central nervous system. Although the definite pathogenesis of MS has not been understood, crucial role of environmental and genetic risk factors has been proposed. Propose To determine the serum level of interleukin-18 (IL-18) as well as gene polymorphisms of IL-18 (rs1946518, rs360719, and rs187238). Methods In this case-control study, 110 MS patients diagnosed according to the McDonald criteria and 110 healthy individuals were recruited. IL-18 gene polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction high-resolution melt test, and IL-18 serum level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results The mean age of the MS patients (89 females and 21 males) and the control group (89 females and 21 males) was 30.3 ± 9.25 and 30.28 ± 9.13 years, respectively. The mean serum levels of IL-18 in MS patients and healthy individuals were 341.56 ± 39.22 Pg/Ml and 146.52 ± 29.30 Pg/Ml, respectively (P < 0.001). The genotype of rs1946518 (but not rs360719 and rs187238) was significantly different between groups (P = 0.037 and P = 0.069, respectively). Conclusion In this study, we showed the significant higher IL-18 serum level and significant different frequencies of two polymorphisms of IL-18 in MS patients. These results show the important roles of IL-18 in MS pathogenesis. However, more studies are needed to verify our results in larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fereshteh Alsahebfosoul
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Etemadifar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed-Hossein Abtahi
- Isfahan Medical Students Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Ophthalmology, Feiz Eye Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Wang C, Ha X, Li W, Xu P, Zhang Z, Wang T, Li J, Wang Y, Li S, Xie J, Zhang J. Comparative gene expression profile and DNA methylation status in diabetic patients of Kazak and Han people. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11982. [PMID: 30200077 PMCID: PMC6133596 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We attempted to investigate the mechanism and susceptibility genes for diabetes in Han and Kazak ethnic individuals.The abdominal omental adipose tissues were obtained from diabetic cases and healthy controls. The gene expression and methylation data were produced for Kazak and Han individuals, respectively, and analyzed by bioinformatics analysis.We obtained 921 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Han group and 1772 in Kazak group. DEGs in Han group were significantly related with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and biosynthesis of amino acids, while the DEGs specific to Kazak patients were significantly enriched in metabolism-related pathways such as carbon metabolism, propanoate metabolism, and 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism. Major facilitator superfamily domain containing 1 (MFSD1) was found to be a methylation associated gene at hypermethylation site of cg16289538 in Han group. Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (ARHGEF1) was the susceptible gene corresponding to the methylation sites of cg18800192 and cg00759295 in Kazak group. ARHGEF1 was also a node in protein-protein interaction network and significantly enriched in hsa04270: vascular smooth muscle contraction pathways.The molecular mechanism of diabetes may be different in Han and Kazak patients. MFSD1 and ARHGEF1 may be the diabetes susceptible genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Li
- Shihezi University School of Medicine
| | - Peng Xu
- Shihezi University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi
| | - Yan Wang
- Endocrinology Department of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Shihezi University School of Medicine
| | | | - Jun Zhang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine
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Yaribeygi H, Mohammadi MT, Rezaee R, Sahebkar A. Fenofibrate improves renal function by amelioration of NOX-4, IL-18, and p53 expression in an experimental model of diabetic nephropathy. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7458-7469. [PMID: 29761900 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Among several pathological mechanisms involved in diabetic nephropathy, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis play a prominent role. Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) agonist, has markedly improved oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, but there is no evidence about its effects on interleukin-18 (IL-18), NADPH oxidase type 4 (NOX-4), and p53 expression in diabetic kidneys. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible effects of fenofibrate on improving the underlying mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups namely, normal, normal treated, diabetic and diabetic treated (N = 6). Diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg; IV). Treated animals received fenofibrate for 8 weeks daily (80 mg/kg; po). All groups were sacrificed on day 56 and blood, urine, and tissue samples were collected. Serum levels of urea, uric acid, creatinine, and glucose were assessed. Then, serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrate, and glutathione (GLT), as well as the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes were measured. The expression level of NOX-4, IL-18, and p53 proteins at both mRNA and protein levels were evaluated. Diabetes significantly increased albuminuria, free radicals production, inflammation, and apoptosis in non-treated rats while lowered antioxidant capacity. Moreover, diabetes caused histological damages leading to renal failure. Treatment with fenofibrate improved renal function by improving creatinine clearance (P = 0.01) and protein excretion (P = 0.001) and lowering plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen (P = 0.001), creatinine (P = 0.001), and uric acid (P = 0.01). Fenofibrate potentiated antioxidant defense systems by enhancing CAT (P = 0.01) and SOD (P = 0.01) enzymes activities and GLT content (P = 0.01), and reduced oxidative damage by lowering MDA generation (P = 0.02). Fenofibrate also attenuated the expression of NOX-4 (P = 0.05), IL-18 (P = 0.05), and p53 (P = 0.05) at both mRNA and protein levels. In conclusion, treatment with fenofibrate improved renal function by suppression of oxidative stress, attenuation of inflammation, and inhibition of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Chronic Kidney Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad T Mohammadi
- Chronic Kidney Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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IL-6 and IL-18 cytokine gene variants of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with co-morbid diabetes mellitus and their household contacts in Hyderabad. Gene 2017; 627:298-306. [PMID: 28652186 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Association of cytokine genes reflects their susceptibility towards infection and disease in household contacts (HHC) of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. Hyperglycemia, a common factor in diabetics might influence their risk towards mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease development. This study determines the association of IL-6 and IL-18 cytokine gene variants of TB patients with diabetes mellitus (TBDM) and their HHC in Hyderabad. METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL-6 (-174 G>C and -572 G>C) and IL-18 (-137 G>C and -607 C>A) cytokine genes were genotyped by Amplification Refractory Mutation System and Restriction Fragment Length polymerase chain reaction in total of 705 subjects comprising of TBDM, their HHC, PTB, DM and Healthy controls (HC). RESULTS At IL-6 -174G>C variant, GG genotype, G allele in TBDM and TBDM HHC, at -572G>C variant, C allele in TBDM and GG haplotype in TBDM HHC were showing positive association, however DM have not shown any association at IL-6 polymorphic sites. With respect to the IL-18 gene polymorphisms, at -137 G>C variant, GG genotype was positively associated in PTB while at -607 C>A variant positive association was shown with AC genotype in TBDM, their HHC and DM; GACC diplotype in TBDM and GCGC in PTB. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that susceptible combination of IL-6 and IL-18 cytokine genes associated with disease in the HHCs highlight their risk of inclination towards the disease.
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Orhan G, Eruyar E, Mungan SÖ, Ak F, Karahalil B. The association of IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms and the levels of serum IL-18 on the risk of multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2016; 146:96-101. [PMID: 27177146 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory condition of the central nervous system whose etiology is influenced by immunologic, genetic, and environmental factors. Aim of the present study was to determine if any relation exists between IL-18 -137C/G and -607C/A gene promoter polymorphisms on the individual susceptibility of multiple sclerosis and also to investigate the possible effect of IL-18 activity regarding this kind of polymorphism and MS. PATIENTS AND METHODS 113 patients with clinically definite MS and 135 ethnically-matched controls were participated in this study. IL-18 -137C/G and -607C/A gene promoter polymorphisms were analyzed by Sequence Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (SS-PCR), while levels of serum IL-18 were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunoassay Assay (ELISA) in patients with MS and healthy controls. RESULTS Our results showed that the IL-18 -607AA genotype indicated 6 times higher risk in the development of MS (OR=6.883; 3.17-14.96; p<0.001). According to our findings, smoking seems to be an important confounding factor in MS patients with carrying IL-18 -607 AA and CA+AA genotypes. However, no meaningful association was found with IL-18 -137C/G gene promoter polymorphism. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we suggest that IL-18 -607C/A gene promoter polymorphism is a major genetic factor for determining individual susceptibility to MS, where smoking status also increases the risk of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gürdal Orhan
- Ankara Numune Hospital, Clinics of Neurology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Eruyar
- Ankara Numune Hospital, Clinics of Neurology, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Fikri Ak
- Ankara Numune Hospital, Clinics of Neurology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bensu Karahalil
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
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Ranjouri MR, Aob P, Mansoori Derakhshan S, Shekari Khaniani M, Chiti H, Ramazani A. Association study of IL2RA and CTLA4 Gene Variants with Type I Diabetes Mellitus in children in the northwest of Iran. BIOIMPACTS 2016; 6:187-193. [PMID: 28265534 PMCID: PMC5326666 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2016.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: A variety of genetic predisposing factors and environmental factors are known to influence the pathogenesis of type-1 diabetes (T1D). This study intended to investigate the association of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4) and interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha (IL2RA) gene polymorphisms with type 1 diabetes in children of northwest of Iran. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted by salting-out method. PCR amplification and direct sequencing methods were used for genotyping of CTLA4 (exon 1) and IL2RA (intron 1) genes in all patients and controls. SNPStats was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p values. Results: In this study, the frequency of G allele and GG genotype of CTLA-4 (+49A/G) polymorphism in T1D patients were significantly different from those in the controls (26% vs. 11%, p = 0.006). Moreover, a significant difference was observed between patients and control group in the allele frequencies of the new SNP (chr2:203868145) that was identified in exon one of CTLA4 (14% vs. 3%, p = 0.006). The results showed that the GG homozygous genotype of +49 A>G was associated with increased glycemic level in T1D patients in the study population (95% CI = 10.47, p = 0.0067). However, no significant association was found between IL2RA (ss52580101C>A) polymorphism and T1D patients (2% vs. 4%, p = 0.41). Conclusion: The results further support the association of T1D with +49A>G SNP in the CTLA4 gene in the population of northwest of Iran. However, no significant relationship was observed between ss52580101C>A polymorphism of IL2RA gene and T1D in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parisa Aob
- Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Sima Mansoori Derakhshan
- Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Shekari Khaniani
- Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Chiti
- Zanjan Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Biotechnology Department, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Interleukin-18 promoter -607 C/A and -137 G/C polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:537-45. [PMID: 26116895 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether the functional interleukin-18 (IL-18) promoter -607 C/A (rs1946518) and -137 G/C (rs187238) polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (TID). METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the associations between the IL-18 -607 C/A and -137 G/C polymorphisms and T1D in overall and by ethnic group. RESULTS A total of 6075 cases and 5744 controls from ten studies were considered in this meta-analysis. In all study subjects, the meta-analysis showed no association between T1D and the IL-18 -607 C allele (OR=1.083, 95% CI=0.930-1.260, p=0.307). However, stratification by ethnicity indicated an association between the IL-18 -607 C allele and T1D in Asians (OR=1.506, 95% CI=1.172-1.936, p=0.001), but not in Europeans (OR=0.988, 95% CI=0.808-1.209, p=0.907). Analysis using recessive and dominant models and homozygote contrast showed the same -607 C allele pattern in Asians and Europeans. Meta-analysis of the IL-18 -137 G/C polymorphism showed no association between T1D and the IL-18 -137 G allele in all study subjects (OR=1.066, 95% CI=0.926-1.2289, p=0.375). Stratification by ethnicity indicated no association between the IL-18 -137 G allele and T1D in Europeans and Asians (OR=1.021, 95% CI=0.961-1.085, p=0.504; OR=0.851, 95% CI=0.5821-1.245, p=0.406). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis demonstrates that the IL-18 -607 C/A polymorphism may be associated with susceptibility to T1D in Asians, but not in Europeans.
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Elevated levels of serum IL-12 and IL-18 are associated with lower frequencies of CD4(+)CD25 (high)FOXP3 (+) regulatory t cells in young patients with type 1 diabetes. Inflammation 2015; 37:1513-20. [PMID: 24677179 PMCID: PMC4174326 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is thought to involve chronic inflammation, which is manifested by the activation and expression of different inflammatory mediators. IL-12 and IL-18 are two cytokines that have been shown to exert strong proinflammatory activity and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes in mice and humans. The overproduction of proinflammatory mediators is controlled by specialized T cell subset, namely regulatory T cells that express FOXP3 transcription factor. Since IL-12 and IL-18 mediate inflammatory response and Tregs exhibit anti-inflammatory potential, we aimed to examine their reciprocal relationship in patients with type 1 diabetes. The study group consisted of 47 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and 28 healthy individuals. Serum levels of IL-12 and IL-18 were measured by ELISA, and the peripheral blood CD4+CD25high FOXP3+ regulatory T cell frequencies were analyzed by flow cytometry. Patients with type 1 diabetes had a decreased percentage of circulating CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ Tregs in comparison to their healthy counterparts. In addition, they produced more IL-12 and IL-18 than children from the control group. Concentrations of these cytokines positively correlated with one another, as well as with CRP and HbA1c. Moreover, the negative association between IL-12, IL-18, CRP serum levels, and the frequency of regulatory CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ Tregs was observed. IL-12 and IL-18 may have direct or indirect impact on regulatory T cell subset, which may contribute to their reduced frequency in peripheral blood of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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G RK, K MS, G KK, Kurapati M, M S, T MA, P C, G SR, S N, P K, K SS, H SR. Evaluation of Hs-CRP levels and interleukin 18 (-137G/C) promoter polymorphism in risk prediction of coronary artery disease in first degree relatives. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120359. [PMID: 25822970 PMCID: PMC4379155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is clearly a multifactorial disease that develops from childhood and ultimately leads to death. Several reports revealed having a First Degree Relatives (FDRS) with premature CAD is a significant autonomous risk factor for CAD development. C - reactive protein (CRP) is a member of the pentraxin family and is the most widely studied proinflammatory biomarker. IL-18 is a pleiotrophic and proinflammatory cytokine which is produced mainly by macrophages and plays an important role in the inflammatory cascade. METHODS AND RESULTS Hs-CRP levels were estimated by ELISA and Genotyping of IL-18 gene variant located on promoter -137 (G/C) by Allele specific PCR in blood samples of 300 CAD patients and 300 controls and 100 FDRS. Promoter Binding sites and Protein interacting partners were identified by Alibaba 2.1 and Genemania online tools respectively. Hs-CRP levels were significantly high in CAD patients followed by FDRS when compared to controls. In IL-18 -137 (G/C) polymorphism homozygous GG is significantly associated with occurrence of CAD and Hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in GG genotype subjects when compared to GC and CC. IL-18 was found to be interacting with 100 protein interactants. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Hs-CRP levels and IL-18-137(G/C) polymorphism may help to identify risk of future events of CAD in asymptomatic healthy FDRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar G
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Mrudula Spurthi K
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Kishore Kumar G
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | | | - Saraswati M
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Mohini Aiyengar T
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Chiranjeevi P
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Srilatha Reddy G
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Nivas S
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Kaushik P
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sanjib Sahu K
- Durgabai Deshmukh Hospital and Research Center, Vidyanagar, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Surekha Rani H
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
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Imran M, Manzoor S, Parvaiz F. Predictive potential of IL-18 -607 and osteopontin -442 polymorphism in interferon-based therapy of HCV infection in the Pakistani population. Viral Immunol 2014; 27:404-11. [PMID: 25198668 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2014.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune system plays an important role in response to interferon plus ribavirin treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Cytokines play a significant role in the adaptive immune system. The production of cytokines may be regulated by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This study was designed to examine the correlation of some important SNPs of cytokines with interferon plus ribavirin treatment of HCV infection in the Pakistani population. We followed 140 chronic HCV-infected patients in our study. All of these patients had completed their planned course of interferon plus ribavirin treatment. We also considered 120 healthy subjects as controls. The detection of interleukin-18 (IL-18) SNPs was performed by tetra-primers amplification-refectory mutation system polymerase chain reaction, while for genotyping of osteopontin (OPN), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), and N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 8 (GALNT8) SNPs, allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was performed. The distribution of the IL-18 -607AA genotype varied significantly between healthy control and patient groups. Its distribution was significantly high in healthy subjects than HCV patients (p = 0.031), signifying its potential involvement in the natural clearance of HCV infection. The occurrence of the -607AA genotype of IL-18 was also significantly higher in the sustained virological group (SVR) than in the nonresponder (NR) group (p = 0.046), highlighting its protective involvement in the treatment outcome of chronic HCV infection. The frequency of the OPN -442TT genotype was higher in the SVR group than in the NR group (p = 0.034), indicating a significant possible role of this genotype in therapy for HCV infection. No important association was found between TGFβ and GALNT8 genotypes and the natural clearance and treatment response of HCV infection. IL-18 -607AA and OPN -442TT genotypes can be used as positive predictive markers of interferon plus ribavirin treatment of HCV infection in the Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) , Islamabad, Pakistan
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Li J, Wu S, Wang MR, Wang TT, Li BK, Zhu JM. Association of the interleukin-18 -137 C/G, -607 A/C polymorphisms with type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:57-62. [PMID: 24649069 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Published data on the association between interleukin (IL)-18 gene polymorphisms (-137 C/G, -607 A/C) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk are inconclusive. To obtain a more precise estimation of the association between the IL-18 gene polymorphisms and T1D, a meta-analysis was performed. A total of 11 studies including 5,945 cases and 6,404 controls were included in the analysis of the association between -137 C/G and T1D risk. No significant association between -137 C/G and T1D risk was observed in the total population [C vs. G: odds ratio (OR)=1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.87-1.20; CC + CG vs. GG: OR=1.05, 95% CI=0.87-1.25; CC vs. CG + GG: OR=0.96, 95% CI=0.68-1.36]. No significant association was identified in the stratified analysis for all the genetic models in the European population. Concerning -607 A/C, 10 studies involving 3,048 patients and 3,377 controls were included in this meta-analysis. When all the studies were pooled, the results showed no evidence for a significant association between IL-18 -607 A/C polymorphism and T1D risk (A vs. C: OR=0.93, 95% CI=0.81-1.06; AA + AC vs. CC: OR=0.99, 95% CI=0.89-1.10; AA vs. AC + CC: OR=0.81, 95% CI=0.60-1.09). In addition, similar results were obtained in the subgroup analysis based on ethnicity. In summary, the present meta-analysis suggests a lack of association between the two polymorphisms (-137 C/G, -607 A/C) in the IL-18 gene and T1D. Due to the limitation of the number of the studies, the conclusions drawn should be considered with caution. Larger scale primary studies are required to evaluate the association between IL-18 gene polymorphisms and T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Public Health and General Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, P.R. China
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Public Health and General Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Rui Wang
- Department of Public Health and General Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- Department of Public Health and General Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Kun Li
- Department of Public Health and General Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Min Zhu
- Department of Public Health and General Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, P.R. China
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Wang J, Liu L, Ma J, Sun F, Zhao Z, Gu M. Common variants on cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 polymorphisms contributes to type 1 diabetes susceptibility: evidence based on 58 studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85982. [PMID: 24465825 PMCID: PMC3900458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, a number of case–control studies have been carried out to investigate the relationship between the CTLA4 gene polymorphisms and type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, these studies have yielded contradictory results. To investigate this inconsistency, we performed a meta-analysis of all available studies dealing with the relationship between the CTLA4 polymorphism and T1D. In total, 58 association studies on two CTLA4 polymorphisms (G49A and C60T) and risk of T1D, including a total of 30,723 T1D cases and 45,254 controls were included. In a combined analysis, the summary per-allele odds ratio (OR) for T1D of the G49A and C60T polymorphism was 1.42 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31–1.53, P<10−5] and 1.23 (95% CI: 1.18–1.29, P<10−5), respectively. Significant results were also observed using dominant or recessive genetic model. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity and sample size, significantly increased risks were also found for these polymorphisms. This meta-analysis demonstrated that the G49A and C60T polymorphism of CTLA4 is a risk factor associated with increased T1D susceptibility, but these associations vary in different ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Wang
- Department of Endocrine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianyong Liu
- Department of Endocrine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Ma
- Department of Endocrine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Endocrine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zefei Zhao
- Department of Endocrine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Gu
- Department of Endocrine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Sedimbi SK, Hägglöf T, Karlsson MCI. IL-18 in inflammatory and autoimmune disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4795-808. [PMID: 23892891 PMCID: PMC11113411 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation serves as the first line of defense in response to tissue injury, guiding the immune system to ensure preservation of the host. The inflammatory response can be divided into a quick initial phase mediated mainly by innate immune cells including neutrophils and macrophages, followed by a late phase that is dominated by lymphocytes. Early in the new millennium, a key component of the inflammatory reaction was discovered with the identification of a number of cytosolic sensor proteins (Nod-like receptors) that assembled into a common structure, the 'inflammasome'. This structure includes an enzyme, caspase-1, which upon activation cleaves pro-forms of cytokines leading to subsequent release of active IL-1 and IL-18. This review focuses on the role of IL-18 in inflammatory responses with emphasis on autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikiran K. Sedimbi
- Department of Medicine-Solna, Translational Immunology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, L2:04, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hägglöf
- Department of Medicine-Solna, Translational Immunology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, L2:04, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael C. I. Karlsson
- Department of Medicine-Solna, Translational Immunology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, L2:04, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Tavares NA, Santos MM, Moura R, Araújo J, Guimarães R, Crovella S, Brandão L. Interleukin 18 (IL18) gene promoter polymorphisms are associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Brazilian patients. Cytokine 2013; 62:286-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Çelmeli F, Türkkahraman D, Özel D, Akçurin S, Yeğin O. CTLA-4 (+49A/G) polymorphism and type-1 diabetes in Turkish children. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2013; 5:40-3. [PMID: 23367498 PMCID: PMC3628391 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the contribution of cytotoxic T-Iymphocyte antigen-4(CTLA-4)+49A/G polymorphism to the susceptibility to type-1 diabetes (T1D) in Turkish children. METHODS A case-control study was designed to include 91 Turkish children with T1D and 99 healthy controls. CTLA-4 (+99A/G) gene polymorphism typing was done by PCR amplification followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS The genotype and allele frequencies of the CTLA-4 (+99A/G)polymorphism in patients with T1D were not different from those in the controls (p>0.05). The allele frequency of G was 36.2% in patients with T1D,and 31.8% in controls (p>0.05). Additionally, this polymorphism was not associated with the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patients with T1D (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our case-control study suggests that the CTLA-4 (+99A/G) gene polymorphism is not associated with T1D in the Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Çelmeli
- Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Immunology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Doğa Türkkahraman
- Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Antalya, Turkey
,* Address for Correspondence: MD, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Antalya, Turkey Phone: +90 242 249 44 00 E-mail:
| | - Deniz Özel
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Statistics, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sema Akçurin
- Akdeniz University Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Olcay Yeğin
- Akdeniz University Hospital, Department of Pediatric Immunology, Antalya, Turkey
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Chen Z, Fei M, Fu D, Zhang L, Ma Y, Wang Y, Zhang F, Xia Q, Wang X. Association between cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 polymorphism and type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Gene 2013; 516:263-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Hadžija MP, Korolija M, Jemin N, Pavković I, Pavković P, Medvidović EP, Hadžija M. Polymorphisms in the IL-18 and IL-12B genes and their association with the clinical outcome in Croatian patients with Type 1 diabetes. Gene 2012; 512:477-81. [PMID: 23137633 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants of IL-18 and IL-12B may be important in immunoregulatory abnormalities, observed in the patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), that contribute to individual differences in response to a treatment. Therefore, we examined the significance of IL-18-137G/C, IL-18-607C/A, and IL-12B A/C polymorphisms in Croatians (187 patients, 236 controls), not only as factors that contribute to susceptibility to T1DM, but also as determinants of the clinical presentation of disease. The polymorphism screening has been performed using PCR sequence-specific primers (IL-18) or PCR-RFLP (IL-12B) approach. Results were evaluated by GraphPad Prism and Sigma Stat 3.5, Arlequin software and calculator for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The genotype, allele and haplotype distribution were not statistically different between the patients and control subjects. The clinical parameter analysis revealed that patients with minor alleles at each locus, IL-18-137C/-607A, were significantly younger at T1DM onset than carriers of major alleles, IL-18-137G/-607C (20 vs 23.5 years). Moreover, the concomitant presence of minor alleles not only of IL-18 but also of IL-12B, is associated with the risk of disease progression even at younger age. These patients developed diabetes at 16 years of age, what is significantly earlier (p=0.044) compared to 25.5 years of age in patients with common alleles IL-18-137G/-607C/IL-12B A. Furthermore, combined genotype analysis of IL-18 and IL-12B has pointed out that patients with CC/AA/AA genotype have the worst glucose control based on HbA1c (8.7%, range 6.8-13.1%). In conclusion, susceptibility to T1DM in Croatians is not strongly associated with IL-18-137/-607 and IL-12B polymorphisms. These SNPs are associated with the higher risk of earlier disease development and might be implicated in the effectiveness of glycemic control.
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Han D, Cai X, Wen J, Kenyon NS, Chen Z. From biomarkers to a clue of biology: a computation-aided perspective of immune gene expression profiles in human type 1 diabetes. Front Immunol 2012; 3:320. [PMID: 23112798 PMCID: PMC3480653 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated expression of key immune genes may cause breakdown of immunological tolerance and development of autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). General immune insufficiencies have also been implicated as a trigger of autoimmunity, due to their potential impact on immune homeostasis. Recent studies have detected evidence of systemic reduction in immune gene expression in long-term diabetic patients but the changes were not present before or at T1D onset. The changes could not be merely correlated with alteration in metabolic parameters. The studies also identified a dynamic expression pattern of several well-known as well as little-studied, immune-related genes during the course of T1D. An intriguing “ratio profile” of immune regulatory genes, such as CTLA4 and members of the S100 family, versus “baseline” immune genes, such as CD3G, prompted us to further examine immune gene expression relationships for a set of molecules representing T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells. No evidence was found to suggest an overall breach of tolerance equilibrium in T1D. Perplexingly, patients with long-term T1D presented a gene expression profile that was surprisingly more coordinated in analyses of “networking” relationship. Computational analyses of the “ratio profiles” or “relationship profiles” of immune gene expression might provide a clue for further studies of immunobiology in human T1D and other autoimmune diseases, as to how the profiles may be related to the pathogenic cause of the disease, to the effect of the diseases on immune homeostasis, or to an immunological process associated with the course of the diseases but is neither a direct cause nor a direct effect of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Han
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL, USA
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Ngalamika O, Zhang Y, Yin H, Zhao M, Gershwin ME, Lu Q. Epigenetics, autoimmunity and hematologic malignancies: a comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2012; 39:451-65. [PMID: 23084980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between immunological dysfunction, loss of tolerance and hematologic malignancies have been a focus of attention in attempts to understand the appearance of a higher degree of autoimmune disease and lymphoma in children with congenital immunodeficiency. Although multiple hypotheses have been offered, it is clear that stochastic processes play an important role in the immunopathology of these issues. In particular, accumulating evidence is defining a role of epigenetic mechanisms as being critical in this continuous spectrum between autoimmunity and lymphoma. In this review, we focus attention predominantly on the relationships between T helper 17 (Th17) and T regulatory populations that alter local microenvironments and ultimately the expression or transcription factors involved in cell activation and differentiation. Abnormal expression in any of the molecules involved in Th17 and/or Treg development alter immune homeostasis and in genetically susceptible hosts may lead to the appearance of autoimmunity and/or lymphoma. These observations have clinical significance in explaining the discordance of autoimmunity in identical twins. They are also particularly important in the relationships between primary immune deficiency syndromes, immune dysregulation and an increased risk of lymphoma. Indeed, defining the factors that determine epigenetic alterations and their relationships to immune homeostasis will be a challenge greater or even equal to the human genome project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Ngalamika
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, #139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
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Huang CY, Ting WH, Lo FS, Wu YL, Chang TY, Chan HW, Lin WS, Chen WF, Lien YP, Lee YJ. The IL18 gene and Hashimoto thyroiditis in children. Hum Immunol 2012; 74:120-4. [PMID: 23073298 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 18 (IL18) stimulates interferon-γ production in Th1 cells which are prominent in the thyroid of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). We investigated the association between the IL18 gene and HT. There were 116 children with HT and 1272 controls. rs187238 and rs1946518 in the promoter region of the IL18 gene were genotyped. Differences in genotype, allele, carrier, and haplotype distributions between patients and controls were compared. A Pc value <0.05 was considered significant. The frequency of the C/G genotype of rs187238 was significantly higher in patients and conferred a risk of HT (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.30-2.95; Pc, 0.0021). So did the frequencies of allele C (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.22-2.44; Pc, 0.0035) and carrier C (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.31-2.92; Pc, 0.0017), however the frequency of the G/G genotype was significantly lower in patients than in controls (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.34-0.76; Pc, 0.0034). There was no association between HT and rs1946518. The CT haplotype was significantly more frequent in patients than in controls and conferred a risk of HT (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.24-2.49; Pc, 0.0049). We concluded that the IL18 gene was associated with HT in children. The rs187238C allele and CT haplotype conferred a risk of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yu Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Si X, Zhang X, Luo Y, Tang W. Association between the CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism and type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:1336-42. [PMID: 23009570 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND +49A/G polymorphism of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 gene (CTLA-4) has been associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, results were inconsistent. The aim of this study was to quantitatively summarize the evidence for CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism and T1D. METHODS Electronic search of PubMed was conducted to select studies. Case-control studies containing available genotype frequencies of CTLA-4 +49 were chosen, and the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of this association. RESULTS 49 case-control studies, including 8976 cases and 11012 controls, were identified. 8 studies were eliminated from the total 49 studies because of p<0.05 (p value for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the control group) in these studies, which induce significant publication bias. The overall results suggested that the variant genotypes were highly associated (p<0.01) with T1D risk in all genetic models (additive model: OR 1.345, 95% CI 1.249-1.448, p<0.001; recessive model: OR 1.530, 95% CI 1.370-1.708, p<0.001; dominant model: OR 1.409, 95% CI 1.263-1.572 p<0.001). Similarly, in subgroup analyses for ethnicity (Caucasian, Asian), the results were positive. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that the CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism is highly associated (p<0.01) with increased risk of T1D, especially in Caucasians and Asians. To validate this association, further studies with more participants worldwide are needed to examine associations between this polymorphism and T1D. Otherwise, we found that the studies of Africans are rare. More studies in Africans are needed especially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Si
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Tang ST, Tang HQ, Zhang Q, Wang CJ, Wang YM, Peng WJ. Association of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 gene polymorphism with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Gene 2012; 508:165-87. [PMID: 22964358 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the association between costimulatory molecule cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphism and type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM), sixty-three published studies before December, 2011 were included. Meta-analysis was performed for each genotype in a random/fixed effect model. The combined odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was calculated to estimate the strength of the association. Overall, significant correlation was noted between CTLA-4 gene polymorphism (i.e. +49A/G, CT60A/G in a per-allele model) and the risk of T1DM (for +49A/G: OR=1.47, 95%CI=1.36-1.60, P<0.001; for CT60A/G: OR=1.31, 95%CI=1.18-1.45, P<0.001). However, no significant association was noted between C(-318)T polymorphism and T1DM. In the subgroup analysis, for +49A/G and CT60A/G, the statistically significant associations were also demonstrated in diverse racial descents (Caucasian and Asian) and age of onset (<20 years and >20 years). In conclusion, our results suggest that CTLA-4 polymorphism contributes to the susceptibility of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-tao Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei230022, China
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Lin WY, Lee WC. Improving power of genome-wide association studies with weighted false discovery rate control and prioritized subset analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33716. [PMID: 22496761 PMCID: PMC3322139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The issue of large-scale testing has caught much attention with the advent of high-throughput technologies. In genomic studies, researchers are often confronted with a large number of tests. To make simultaneous inference for the many tests, the false discovery rate (FDR) control provides a practical balance between the number of true positives and the number of false positives. However, when few hypotheses are truly non-null, controlling the FDR may not provide additional advantages over controlling the family-wise error rate (e.g., the Bonferroni correction). To facilitate discoveries from a study, weighting tests according to prior information is a promising strategy. A 'weighted FDR control' (WEI) and a 'prioritized subset analysis' (PSA) have caught much attention. In this work, we compare the two weighting schemes with systematic simulation studies and demonstrate their use with a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on type 1 diabetes provided by the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium. The PSA and the WEI both can increase power when the prior is informative. With accurate and precise prioritization, the PSA can especially create substantial power improvements over the commonly-used whole-genome single-step FDR adjustment (i.e., the traditional un-weighted FDR control). When the prior is uninformative (true disease susceptibility regions are not prioritized), the power loss of the PSA and the WEI is almost negligible. However, a caution is that the overall FDR of the PSA can be slightly inflated if the prioritization is not accurate and precise. Our study highlights the merits of using information from mounting genetic studies, and provides insights to choose an appropriate weighting scheme to FDR control on GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Lin
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Saleh HM, Rohowsky N, Leski M. The CTLA4 -819 C/T and +49 A/G dimorphisms are associated with Type 1 diabetes in Egyptian children. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2011; 14:92-8. [PMID: 20300303 PMCID: PMC2840795 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.45001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by T cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic islets. T cell proliferation is negatively regulated by cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). CTLA-4 polymorphisms are associated with T1D in some but not all populations. AIMS: The study was conducted to investigate the association of the C-819T and A+49G single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of CTLA-4 gene in T1D patients in the Egyptian population. METHODS: The association of the C-819T SNP in intron 1 and A+49G SNP in exon 1 of the CTLA-4 gene with T1D were investigated in 396 Egyptian patients ≤14 years old and 396 control subjects >24 years old, with the same ratio of males to females in both groups. The diagnosis of T1D was made on the basis of ketoacidosis or ketosis with severe symptoms of acute onset at presentation and continuous dependence on insulin. Controls were negative for anti-GAD antibodies and were greater than 24 years of age. Genotyping was performed using single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE), and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS: The results demonstrated an association of the C-819T and A+49G SNPs in the CTLA-4 gene with T1D patients (P=0.0047) and (P=0.000575), respectively. Moreover, this association was stratified by gender and age to female patients with age at onset 0-5 years old (P=0.0186) and (P=0.00115) more than male patient with the age at onset 0-5 years old (P= 0.3120) and (P=0.345161), respectively. CONCLUSION: The results support an association of the C-819T and A+49G SNPs in the CTLA-4 gene with Egyptian children, specifically, females of onset age 0-5 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Mohamed Saleh
- Genotyping Lab for Genetics of Type One Diabetes- Autoimmune Diseases Section, R and D Department, The Egyptian Organization for Biotechnology (EGYTEC) - The Egyptian Organization for Biological Products and Vaccines (EGYVAC-VACSERA), 1 El Batal Ahmed Abdel Aziz Street, Agouza, Cairo 1312, Egypt
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Idris ZM, Miswan N, Muhi J, Mohd TAA, Kun JF, Noordin R. Association of CTLA4 gene polymorphisms with lymphatic filariasis in an East Malaysian population. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:607-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Pan HF, Leng RX, Ye DQ. Lack of association of interleukin-18 gene promoter -607 A/C polymorphism with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases: a meta-analysis. Lupus 2011; 20:945-51. [PMID: 21636628 DOI: 10.1177/0961203311400114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Published data on the association between interleukin (IL)-18 gene promoter -607 A/C polymorphism and autoimmune diseases risk are inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. METHODS A total of 17 studies, including six studies on type 1 diabetes (T1D), four on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), five on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), three on Crohn's Disease (CD) and three on ulcerative colitis (UC), were available for the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed for genotypes A/A (recessive effect), genotypes A/A + A/C (dominant effect), and A allele in fixed or random-effects models. RESULTS Overall, no significantly elevated autoimmune diseases risk was found in all genetic models when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis. The overall odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for A-allele were T1D (OR = 0.938, 95% CI = 0.757-1.162), RA (OR = 0.759, 95% CI = 0.540-1.067), SLE (OR = 0.858, 95% CI = 0.609-1.208), CD (OR = 1.159, 95% CI = 0.975-1.379) and UC (OR = 1.170, 95% CI = 0.977-1.402), respectively. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, there was still no significant association detected in all genetic models. CONCLUSIONS To date, there is still not enough evidence to indicate the association of IL-18 gene promoter -607 A/C polymorphism and the development of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-F Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
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Mosaad YM, Elsharkawy AA, El-Deek BS. Association of CTLA-4 (+49A/G) gene polymorphism with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Egyptian children. Immunol Invest 2011; 41:28-37. [PMID: 21615267 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2011.579215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) (+49 A/G) gene variants and the association of these variants with the clinical and laboratory findings in Egyptian children with Type-1 Diabetes (T1D). METHODS A case control study was done for 104 Egyptian children with T1D and 78 age and sex matched healthy control. CTLA-4 (+49 A/G) gene polymorphism typing was done by PCR amplification followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. RESULTS CTLA-4 G allele and GG homozygous genotype were significantly increased in T1D patients than in control group (P = 0.047, P = 0.048 respectively). There is no statistical difference between patient with optimal diabetic control (HbA1c < 8.5) and poor control (HbA1c ≥ 8.5) as regarding the CTLA-4 gene variant. The CTLA-4 GG genotype was statistically associated with younger age of patients (P = 0.027) and younger age of presentation (P = 0.036). Insignificant association was found between CTLA-4 alleles / genotypes and diabetic complications. CONCLUSION The CTLA-4 +49 GG homozygous genotype is associated with T1D in Egyptian children especially with younger age of onset and in younger patients, and not associated with grades of diabetic control or diabetic complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef M Mosaad
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Guerra SG, Morris DL, Gateva V, Graham RR, Vyse TJ, Cunninghame Graham DS. Dense mapping of IL18 shows no association in SLE. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 20:1026-33. [PMID: 21149337 PMCID: PMC3033184 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease which behaves as a complex genetic trait. At least 20 SLE risk susceptibility loci have been mapped using both candidate gene and genome-wide association strategies. The gene encoding the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL18, has been reported as a candidate gene showing an association with SLE. This pleiotropic cytokine is expressed in a range of immune cells and has been shown to induce interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α. Serum interleukin-18 has been reported to be elevated in patients with SLE. Here we aimed to densely map single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across IL18 to investigate the association across this locus. We genotyped 36 across IL18 by Illumina bead express in 372 UK SLE trios. We also genotyped these SNPs in a further 508 non-trio UK cases and were able to accurately impute a dense marker set across IL18 in WTCCC2 controls with a total of 258 SNPs. To improve the study's power, we also imputed a total of 158 SNPs across the IL18 locus using data from an SLE genome-wide association study and performed association testing. In total, we analysed 1818 cases and 10 770 controls in this study. Our large well-powered study (98% to detect odds ratio = 1.5, with respect to rs360719) showed that no individual SNP or haplotype was associated with SLE in any of the cohorts studied. We conclude that we were unable to replicate the SLE association with rs360719 located upstream of IL18. No evidence for association with any other common variant at IL18 with SLE was found.
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Yang Y, Qiao J, Li MZ. Association of polymorphisms of interleukin-18 gene promoter region with polycystic ovary syndrome in chinese population. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 8:125. [PMID: 20964873 PMCID: PMC2972297 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-8-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research shows that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may have an association with low-grade chronic inflammation, and that PCOS may induce an increase in serum interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels. METHODS To investigate the polymorphisms of the IL-18 gene promoters with PCOS, two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter of the IL-18 gene (at positions -607C/A and -137G/C) in 118 Chinese women with PCOS and 79 controls were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS No significant differences were found in the genotype distribution, allele frequency and haplotype frequency between the PCOS and control groups. Further analysis demonstrated a relationship between IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms and PCOS insulin resistance (IR). Regarding the -137 allele frequency, G and C allele frequencies were 93.5% and 6.5%, respectively, in the PCOS with IR patients; G and C allele frequencies were 85.4% and 14.6%, respectively, in PCOS patients without IR (chi2 = 3.601, P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS The presence of a polymorphism in the IL-18 gene was found to have no correlation with the occurrence of PCOS. Carriage of the C allele at position -137 in the promoter of the IL-18 gene may play a protective role from the development of PCOS IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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Yu S, Peng L, Xie X, Peng F, Fang C, Wang Y, Lan G. Correlation Between HLA and Posttransplantation Diabetes Mellitus in the Han Population in South China. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:2509-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Altinova AE, Engin D, Akbay E, Akturk M, Toruner F, Ersoy R, Yetkin I, Arslan M. Association of polymorphisms in the IL-18 and IL-12 genes with susceptibility to Type 1 diabetes in Turkish patients. J Endocrinol Invest 2010; 33:451-4. [PMID: 20061784 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have indicated that polymorphisms of the interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin- 12 (IL-12) genes are associated with the development of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in some populations, but not all. AIM The present study was designed to examine the roles of polymorphisms in the IL-18 promoter and IL-12p40 with respect to susceptibility to T1DM in Turkish patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Ninety-one patients with T1DM and 87 unrelated healthy subjects were included in the study. The IL-18 polymorphisms at positions -607 and -137 were detected by a sequence-specific PCR method. The single nucleotide polymorphism in the IL-12p40 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) at position +1188 was analyzed by the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFPL) method. RESULTS The allelic and genotypic frequencies of the IL-18 and IL-12p40 polymorphisms did not differ significantly between subjects with T1DM and the controls (p>0.05). However, diabetic patients with the -137 (CC) genotype showed a younger onset age compared to patients with the -137 (GG) genotype (p=0.02). In addition, patients with the -607 (CC) genotype had higher levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) than patients with the -607 (AC) genotype (p=0.004). Furthermore, patients with the IL-12p40 (AC) genotype had higher HbA(1c) levels than patients with the IL-12p40 (AA) genotype (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study show that the IL- 18 and IL-12p40 polymorphisms may have some effect on the onset age and deterioration of glycemic control in Turkish patients with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Altinova
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Chen S, Xu L, Tang J. Association of interleukin 18 gene polymorphism with susceptibility to the development of acute lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 76:245-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Palomino-Morales RJ, Vazquez-Rodriguez TR, Torres O, Morado IC, Castañeda S, Miranda-Filloy JA, Callejas-Rubio JL, Fernandez-Gutierrez B, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Martin J. Association between IL-18 gene polymorphisms and biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R51. [PMID: 20331879 PMCID: PMC2888200 DOI: 10.1186/ar2962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective was to investigate the potential implication of the IL18 gene promoter polymorphisms in the susceptibility to giant-cell arteritis (GCA). METHODS In total, 212 patients diagnosed with biopsy-proven GCA were included in this study. DNA from patients and matched controls was obtained from peripheral blood. Samples were genotyped for the IL18-137 G>C (rs187238), the IL18-607 C>A (rs1946518), and the IL18-1297 T>C (rs360719) gene polymorphisms with polymerase chain reaction, by using a predesigned TaqMan allele discrimination assay. RESULTS No significant association between the IL18-137 G>C polymorphism and GCA was found. However, the IL18 -607 allele A was significantly increased in GCA patients compared with controls (47.8% versus 40.9% in patients and controls respectively; P = 0.02; OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.69). It was due to an increased frequency of homozygosity for the IL18 -607 A/A genotype in patients with GCA (20.4%) compared with controls (13.4%) (IL18 -607 A/A versus IL18 -607 A/C plus IL18 -607 C/C genotypes: P = 0.04; OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.46). Also, the IL18-1297 allele C was significantly increased in GCA patients (30.7%) compared with controls (23.0%) (P = 0.003; OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.95). In this regard, an increased susceptibility to GCA was observed in individuals carrying the IL18-1297 C/C or the IL18-1297 C/T genotypes compared with those carrying the IL18-1297 T/T genotype (IL18-1297 C/C plus IL18-1297 T/C versus IL18-1297 T/T genotype in GCA patients compared with controls: P = 0.005; OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.25). We also found an additive effect of the IL18 -1297 and -607 polymorphisms with TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism. The OR for GCA was 1.95 for combinations of genotypes with one or two risk alleles, whereas carriers of three or more risk alleles have an OR of 3.7. CONCLUSIONS Our results show for the first time an implication of IL18 gene-promoter polymorphisms in the susceptibility to biopsy-proven GCA. In addition, an additive effect between the associated IL18 and TLR4 genetic variants was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio J Palomino-Morales
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n Armilla, Granada-18100, Spain
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Khaghanzadeh N, Erfani N, Ghayumi MA, Ghaderi A. CTLA4 gene variations and haplotypes in patients with lung cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 196:171-4. [PMID: 20082854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The CTLA4 protein downmodulates and terminates immune responses by sending inhibitory signals to activated T cells. In this study, six main single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the CTLA4 gene were investigated in 127 lung cancer patients and 124 healthy control subjects: -1722T/C, -1661 A/G, -318 C/T, +49A/G, +1822 C/T, and +6230 A/G (CT60). Statistical analyses revealed no significant differences in the frequencies of genotypes, alleles, and haplotypes between patients and control subjects. We also could not find significant association between CTLA4 variants and any defined lung tumor type. These six single-nucleotide polymorphisms in CTLA4 were not associated with susceptibility to lung cancer in Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Khaghanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Korolija M, Renar IP, Hadzija M, Medvidović EP, Pavković P, Jokić M, Hadzija MP. Association of PTPN22 C1858T and CTLA-4 A49G polymorphisms with Type 1 Diabetes in Croatians. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009; 86:e54-7. [PMID: 19815302 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this case-control study the association between the PTPN22 1858T and CTLA-4 49G gene variants and T1D in Croatian population was examined. We found that distribution of PTPN22 C1858T and CTLA-4 A49G genotypes between T1D patient (n=102) and control (n=193) groups differ significantly (p<0.0001 and p=0.012, respectively). Moreover, although the risk alleles of both SNPs are distributed more frequently in patients, the significant difference is observed only for PTPN22 1858T allele (p<0.0001). This is therefore the first evidence that analyzed gene variants contribute to T1D pathogenesis in Croatian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Korolija
- Ruder Bosković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Nong LG, Luo B, Zhang L, Nong HB. Interleukin-18 gene promoter polymorphism and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a Chinese population. DNA Cell Biol 2009; 28:507-13. [PMID: 19622039 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2009.0912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common cancers in southern China. In addition to environmental factors such as Epstein-Barr virus infection and chemical carcinogen exposure, genetic susceptibility has been reported to play a key role in the development of this disease. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a multifunctional cytokine that induces interferon-gamma secretion and plays an important role in antitumor immunity. Variations in the DNA sequence of the IL-18 gene promoter may lead to altered IL-18 production and/or activity, so this can modulate an individual's susceptibility to NPC. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of IL-18 gene promoter, -137 G/C and -607 C/A, in 250 patients with NPC and 270 age- and sex-matched controls, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Two polymorphisms, -137 G/C and -607 C/A, were in strong linkage disequilibrium. There were significant differences in the genotype and allele distribution of -137 G/C polymorphism of the IL-18 gene among cases and controls. The -137 GC and CC genotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk of NPC as compared with the -137 GG genotypes (odds ratio [OR] = 1.697; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.158-2.488; p = 0.007, and OR = 2.700; 95% CI, 1.268-5.751; p = 0.008, respectively). Consistent with the results of the genotyping analyses, the -137 C/-607 A haplotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of NPC as compared with the -137 G/-607 C haplotype (OR = 1.721; 95% CI, 1.262-2.349; p = 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Gen Nong
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
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Chen SY, Wan L, Huang YC, Sheu JJC, Lan YC, Lai CH, Lin CW, Chang JS, Tsai Y, Liu SP, Lin YJ, Tsai FJ. Interleukin-18 gene 105A/C genetic polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility of Kawasaki disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2009; 23:71-6. [PMID: 19288449 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18)-656T/G, -607A/C, and -137C/G promoter polymorphisms had been reported associated with Kawasaki disease (KD). An IL-18 genetic A/C polymorphism at coding position 105 (rs549908) has been linked with asthma, rheumatoid, and systemic lupus erythematosus. We tested a hypothesis that the IL-18 105A/C genetic polymorphism confers KD susceptibility. Study participants were Taiwanese KD patients and a healthy control group. Our data indicated that the frequency of C allele was significantly higher in the patient group (13.9%) than in the control group (2.7%; P<0.0001, odds ratio [OR]=5.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.57-13.73). Therefore, persons with the C allele may have higher risk of developing KD. In addition, compared with the haplotype frequencies between case and control groups, the KD patients with TACC haplotype appeared to be a significant "at-risk" haplotype compared with other haplotypes (OR: 4.62, 95% CI: 1.71-12.43; P=0.001). KD patient with the TAGA haplotype appeared to be a significant "protective" haplotype compared with other haplotypes (OR: 0.51, 95% CI:0.29-0.89; P=0.017). Our results suggest that 105A/C polymorphism and the haplotypes in IL-18 gene are associated with the risk of KD in Taiwanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yin Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, Taichung, Taiwan
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Short AD, Catchpole B, Kennedy LJ, Barnes A, Lee AC, Jones CA, Fretwell N, Ollier WER. T cell cytokine gene polymorphisms in canine diabetes mellitus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 128:137-46. [PMID: 19026451 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-deficiency diabetes in dogs shares some similarities with human latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). Canine diabetes is likely to have a complex pathogenesis with multiple genes contributing to overall susceptibility and/or disease progression. An association has previously been shown between canine diabetes and MHC class II genes, although other genes are also likely to contribute to the genetic risk. Potential diabetes susceptibility genes include immuno-regulatory TH1/TH2 cytokines such as IFNgamma, IL-12, IL-4 and IL-10. We screened these candidate genes for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a range of different dog breeds using dHPLC analysis and DNA sequencing. Thirty-eight of the SNPs were genotyped in crossbreed dogs and seven other breed groups (Labrador Retriever, West Highland White Terrier, Collie, Schnauzer, Cairn Terrier, Samoyed and Cavalier King Charles Spaniel), which demonstrated substantial intra-breed differences in allele frequencies. When SNPs were examined for an association with diabetes by case:control analysis significant associations were observed for IL-4 in three breeds, the Collie, Cairn Terrier and Schnauzer and for IL-10 in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. These results suggest that canine cytokine genes regulating the TH1/TH2 immune balance might play a contributory role in determining susceptibility to diabetes in some breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D Short
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, School of Translational Medicine, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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45
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Wei YS, Lan Y, Liu YG, Tang H, Tang RG, Wang JC. Interleukin-18 gene promoter polymorphisms and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Acta Oncol 2008; 46:1090-6. [PMID: 17851835 DOI: 10.1080/02841860701373595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is multifactorial, and the genetic background may be a crucial etiologic factor. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a multifunctional cytokine that induces interferon (IFN)-gamma secretion and plays an important role in antitumor immunity. Variations in the DNA sequence in the IL-18 gene promoter may lead to altered IL-18 production and/or activity, and so this can modulate an individual's susceptibility to ESCC. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the relationship of IL-18 gene promoter -137 G/C and -607 C/A polymorphisms and their haplotypes with the risk of ESCC in a Chinese population. METHODS Two hundred and thirty five patients with ESCC and 250 age- and sex-matched controls, using sequence specific primers-polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP). RESULTS Two polymorphisms, -137 G/C and -607 C/A were in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD). There were significantly differences in the genotype and allele distribution of -137 G/C polymorphism of the IL-18 gene among cases and controls. The -137 GC and CC genotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk of ESCC as compared with the -137 GG genotypes (OR = 1.91, 95% CI, 1.29-2.82, p = 0.001 and OR = 2.95, 95% CI, 1.23-7.04, p = 0.012, respectively). Consistent with the results of the genotyping analyses, the -137 C/ -607 A haplotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of ESCC as compared with the -137G/-607 C haplotype (OR = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.16-2.23; p = 0.004). CONCLUSION This study shows for the first time an association between IL-18 gene promoter -137 G/C polymorphism may contribute represent a genetic risk factor for ESCC in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Sheng Wei
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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46
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Harishankar M, Selvaraj P, Rajeswari DN, Anand SP, Narayanan PR. Promoter polymorphism of IL-18 gene in pulmonary tuberculosis in South Indian population. Int J Immunogenet 2007; 34:317-20. [PMID: 17845300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2007.00714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) plays a vital role in both innate and acquired immunity. We analysed polymorphisms at -607(C/A) and -137(G/A) in the promoter region of IL-18 gene by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction in normal healthy subjects (n = 173) and patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 165). Allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies did not differ significantly between normal healthy subjects and patients. The results suggest that the IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms are not associated with susceptibility or resistance to pulmonary tuberculosis in south Indian population of Dravidian descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Harishankar
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chetput, Chennai, India
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47
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Bai J, Zhang Y, Lin M, Zeng X, Wang Z, Shen J, Jiang L, Gao F, Chen Q. Interleukin-18 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes in patients with oral lichen planus: a study in an ethnic Chinese cohort. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:390-7. [PMID: 17854431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18, a proinflammatory cytokine, induces T-helper 1 differentiation and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte functions, both of which have been proposed in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP) - an oral disease resembles oral mucosal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) both clinically and histologically. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL18 gene on the chromosome 11q22 in patients with OLP. Four SNPs of the IL18 gene at positions -137G/C (rs187238), -607C/A (rs1946518), -656G/T (rs1946519), and 1248A/G (rs189667) were analyzed in 151 patients with OLP and 143 normal controls using polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primers method, and the serum level of IL-18 protein was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data revealed that there is a significant difference in IL18-607 genotype distributions between the patient group and the control group (P < 0.001), and the polymorphism -137G/C also appears to be statistically associated with the more severe erosive subtype (eOLP) (P = 0.023). The identified polymorphisms at the IL-18 promoter region (i.e. -137GG) are likely to exert positive effect on the production of IL-18 protein in OLP, as detected by ELISA. Using phase software, four haplotypes were deduced from the two polymorphisms -607C/A and -137G/C, named haplotypes I to IV, and the haplotypes I, II, and IV are significantly associated with OLP (P < 0.001). Our data suggest that the identified IL18 polymorphisms may be associated with the pathogenesis of OLP in this Chinese cohort by upregulation of IL-18 production in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Dental Medicines and West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Alizadeh BZ, Koeleman BPC. Genetic polymorphisms in susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 387:9-17. [PMID: 17963738 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes is a serious complex disease caused by several environmental and genetic factors. It is one of most common childhood diseases, requires life-long treatment, and is associated with increased mortality, mainly due to complications that occur later in life. More than three decades of genetic studies have identified several genetic disease variants and a longer list of putative associated genetic loci. These findings have greatly increased our understanding of the genetic background of T1D and have encouraged the development of genetic tools for mapping complex diseases. Here we review the wealth of data on T1D and discuss the major genetic polymorphisms involved in the disease. We place some putative genetic risk factors in perspective and look at those still to be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- Complex Genetics Section, Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Liu Y, Lin N, Huang L, Xu Q, Pang G. Genetic Polymorphisms of the Interleukin-18 Gene and Risk of Prostate Cancer. DNA Cell Biol 2007; 26:613-8. [PMID: 17688413 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2007.0600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors are known to be important in the development of prostate cancer. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a multifunctional cytokine that induces interferon-gamma secretion and plays an important role in antitumor immunity. Variations in the DNA sequence in the IL-18 gene promoter may lead to altered IL-18 production and/or activity, and so this can modulate an individual's susceptibility to prostate cancer. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the relationship of IL-18 gene promoter -137 G/C and -607 C/A polymorphisms and their haplotypes with the risk of prostate cancer. We analyzed two single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL-18 gene promoter -137 G/C and -607 C/A in 265 patients with prostate cancer and 280 age- and sex-matched controls, using sequence-specific primers-polymerase chain reaction strategy. There were significant differences in the genotype and allele distribution of -137 G/C polymorphism of the IL-18 gene among cases and controls. The -137 GC and CC genotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer as compared with the -137 GG genotypes [odds ratio (OR) = 1.721; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.187-2.496; p = 0.004, and OR = 2.181; 95% CI: 1.034-4.603; p = 0.037, for GC and CC, respectively]. Consistent with the results of the genotyping analyses, the -137C/-607A haplotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer as compared with the -137G/-607C haplotype (OR = 1.544; 95% CI, 1.137-2.096; p = 0.005). This study shows for the first time an association between IL-18 gene promoter -137 G/C polymorphism and prostate cancer in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunguang Liu
- Department of Scientific Research, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Short AD, Catchpole B, Kennedy LJ, Barnes A, Fretwell N, Jones C, Thomson W, Ollier WER. Analysis of Candidate Susceptibility Genes in Canine Diabetes. J Hered 2007; 98:518-25. [PMID: 17611256 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esm048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine diabetes is a complex genetic disease of unknown aetiology. It affects 0.005-1.5% of the canine population and shows a clear breed predisposition with the Samoyed being at high risk and the Boxer being at low risk of developing the disease. Canine diabetes is considered to be a disease homologue for human type 1 diabetes (T1D). It results in insulin deficiency as a consequence of autoimmune destruction of islet beta-cells in the pancreas and is believed to be mediated by Th1 cytokines (IFNgamma, TNFalpha, and IL-2). A number of genes have been associated with type 1 diabetes in humans, including the human leukocyte antigen region, the insulin variable number tandem repeat, PTPN22, CTLA4, IL-4, and IL-13. As yet, these genes have not been evaluated in canine diabetes. In this study, 483 cases of canine diabetes and 869 controls of known breed were analyzed for association with IFNgamma, IGF2, IL-10, IL-12beta, IL-6, insulin, PTPN22, RANTES, IL-4, IL-1alpha and TNFalpha. Minor allele frequencies were determined for these genes in each breed. These data were used for comparative analyses in a case-control study, and clear associations with diabetes were identified in some breeds with certain alleles of candidate genes. Some associations were with increased susceptibility to the disease (IFNgamma, IL-10, IL-12beta, IL-6, insulin, PTPN22, IL-4, and TNFalpha), whereas others were protective (IL-4, PTPN22, IL-6, insulin, IGF2, TNFalpha). This study demonstrates that a number of the candidate genes previously associated with human T1D also appear to be associated with canine diabetes and identifies an IL-10 haplotype which is associated with diabetes in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. This suggests that canine diabetes is an excellent comparative and spontaneously occurring disease model of human T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D Short
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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