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Migliaccio AR. Erythropoietin: A Personal Alice in Wonderland Trip in the Shadow of the Giants. Biomolecules 2024; 14:408. [PMID: 38672425 PMCID: PMC11047939 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of the hormone erythropoietin (EPO), which regulates red blood cell production, and its development into a pharmaceutical-grade product to treat anemia has been not only a herculean task but it has also been the first of its kind. As with all the successes, it had "winners" and "losers", but its history is mostly told by the winners who, over the years, have published excellent scientific and divulgate summaries on the subject, some of which are cited in this review. In addition, "success" is also due to the superb and dedicated work of numerous "crew" members, who often are under-represented and under-recognized when the story is told and often have several "dark sides" that are not told in the polished context of most reviews, but which raised the need for the development of the current legislation on biotherapeutics. Although I was marginally involved in the clinical development of erythropoietin, I have known on a personal basis most, if not all, the protagonists of the saga and had multiple opportunities to talk with them on the drive that supported their activities. Here, I will summarize the major steps in the development of erythropoietin as the first bioproduct to enter the clinic. Some of the "dark sides" will also be mentioned to emphasize what a beautiful achievement of humankind this process has been and how the various unforeseen challenges that emerged were progressively addressed in the interest of science and of the patient's wellbeing.
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Karki U, Wright T, Xu J. High yield secretion of human erythropoietin from tobacco cells for ex vivo differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells towards red blood cells. J Biotechnol 2022; 355:10-20. [PMID: 35777457 PMCID: PMC9492895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human erythropoietin (EPO) is a key cytokine in erythropoiesis by regulating differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells into red blood cells (RBCs). Plant cell cultures are considered as promising alternative bioproduction platforms for EPO. To overcome the bottlenecks of low protein productivity and secretion, EPO was expressed in tobacco BY-2 cells with a designer peptide tag, termed (SP)20 that consists of 20 tandem repeats of a "Ser-Pro" motif. This de novo designed tag directed extensive O-glycosylation on each Pro residue in plant cells and acted as a molecular carrier to promote the extracellular secretion of EPO. To facilitate the establishment of stable and high-expression BY-2 cell lines, EPO molecules were co-expressed with a reporter protein GFP, which could be used as a visual marker to monitor the protein expression during the subculture. The engineered (SP)20 glycomodule substantially increased the secreted yields of EPO up to 4.31 μg/mL. The (SP)20-tagged EPOs exhibited the expected activity in promoting the proliferation of TF-1 cells, though their EC50 was 12-fold higher than that of EPO standard. The (SP)20-tagged EPOs could also stimulate the ex vivo expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cell (CD34+ cells) towards RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddhab Karki
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, USA
| | | | - Jianfeng Xu
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, USA; College of Agriculture, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA.
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3
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Ma Y, Zhou Z, Yang GY, Ding J, Wang X. The Effect of Erythropoietin and Its Derivatives on Ischemic Stroke Therapy: A Comprehensive Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:743926. [PMID: 35250554 PMCID: PMC8892214 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.743926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies explored the therapeutic effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on neurodegenerative diseases. Few studies provided comprehensive and latest knowledge of EPO treatment for ischemic stroke. In the present review, we introduced the structure, expression, function of EPO, and its receptors in the central nervous system. Furthermore, we comprehensively discussed EPO treatment in pre-clinical studies, clinical trials, and its therapeutic mechanisms including suppressing inflammation. Finally, advanced studies of the therapy of EPO derivatives in ischemic stroke were also discussed. We wish to provide valuable information on EPO and EPO derivatives’ treatment for ischemic stroke for basic researchers and clinicians to accelerate the process of their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guo-Yuan Yang, ; Jing Ding,
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guo-Yuan Yang, ; Jing Ding,
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kaur D, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Badavath VN, Ul Hassan SS, Hasan MM, Bhatia S, Al-Harassi A, Khan H, Bungau S. Unravelling the potential neuroprotective facets of erythropoietin for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1-16. [PMID: 34436747 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00820-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last three decades, recombinant DNA technology has produced a wide range of hematopoietic and neurotrophic growth factors, including erythropoietin (EPO), which has emerged as a promising protein drug in the treatment of several diseases. Cumulative studies have recently indicated the neuroprotective role of EPO in preclinical models of acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative illnesses in the elderly, characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-ß (Aß) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which serve as the disease's two hallmarks. Unfortunately, AD lacks a successful treatment strategy due to its multifaceted and complex pathology. Various clinical studies, both in vitro and in vivo, have been conducted to identify the various mechanisms by which erythropoietin exerts its neuroprotective effects. The results of clinical trials in patients with AD are also promising. Herein, it is summarized and reviews all such studies demonstrating erythropoietin's potential therapeutic benefits as a pleiotropic neuroprotective agent in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | | | - Syed Shams Ul Hassan
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Haryana, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harassi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Deykin AV, Shcheblykina OV, Povetka EE, Golubinskaya PA, Pokrovsky VM, Korokina LV, Vanchenko OA, Kuzubova EV, Trunov KS, Vasyutkin VV, Radchenko AI, Danilenko AP, Stepenko JV, Kochkarova IS, Belyaeva VS, Yakushev VI. Genetically modified animals for use in biopharmacology: from research to production. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.76685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In this review, the analysis of technologies for obtaining biologically active proteins from various sources is carried out, and the comparative analysis of technologies for creating producers of biologically active proteins is presented. Special attention is paid to genetically modified animals as bioreactors for the pharmaceutical industry of a new type. The necessity of improving the technology of development transgenic rabbit producers and creating a platform solution for the production of biological products is substantiated.
The advantages of using TrB for the production of recombinant proteins: The main advantages of using TrB are the low cost of obtaining valuable complex therapeutic human proteins in readily accessible fluids, their greater safety relative to proteins isolated directly from human blood, and the greater safety of the activity of the native protein.
The advantages of the mammary gland as a system for the expression of recombinant proteins: The mammary gland is the organ of choice for the expression of valuable recombinant proteins because milk is easy to collect in large volumes.
Methods for obtaining transgenic animals: The modern understanding of the regulation of gene expression and the discovery of new tools for gene editing can increase the efficiency of creating bioreactors for animals and help to obtain high concentrations of the target protein.
The advantages of using rabbits as bioreactors producing recombinant proteins in milk: The rabbit is a relatively small animal with a short duration of gestation, puberty and optimal size, capable of producing up to 5 liters of milk per year per female, receiving up to 300 grams of the target protein.
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Expression and characterization of a novel single-chain anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody in the goat milk. J Biotechnol 2021; 338:52-62. [PMID: 34224759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has essential functions in angiogenesis, endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tumor invasion. Different approaches have been developed to suppress tumor angiogenesis, which is considered a hallmark of cancer. Anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies constitute an important strategy for cancer immunotherapy, which has been produced on several platforms. In this study, a novel single-chain anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody (scVEGFmAb) was produced in the goat mammary gland by adenoviral transduction. scVEGFmAb was purified by affinity chromatography. N-glycans were analyzed by exoglycosidase digestion and hydrophilic interaction ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The biological activity of scVEGFmAb was assessed by scratch and mouse aortic ring assays. scVEGFmAb was produced at 0.61 g/L in the goat milk, and its purification rendered 95 % purity. N-glycans attached to scVEGFmAb backbone were mainly neutral biantennary core fucosylated with Galβ1,4GlcNAc motif, and charged structures were capped with Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc. The chimeric molecule significantly prevented cell migration and suppressed microvessel sprouting. These results demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of producing an anti-VEGF therapeutic antibody in the milk of non-transgenic goats with the potential to counteract tumor angiogenesis.
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Leiva-Carrasco MJ, Jiménez-Chávez S, Harvey DJ, Parra NC, Tavares KC, Camacho F, González A, Sánchez O, Montesino R, Toledo JR. In vivo modification of the goat mammary gland glycosylation pathway. N Biotechnol 2020; 61:11-21. [PMID: 33157282 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex recombinant glycoproteins produced as potential biopharmaceuticals in goat's milk have an aberrant pattern of N-glycosylation due to the lack of multi-antennary structures. Overexpression of glycosyltransferases may increase oligosaccharide branching of the desired glycoproteins. Here, human erythropoietin fused to human IgG Fc (EPO-Fc) was co-expressed with N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase-IVa (GnT-IVa) by adenoviral transduction in goat mammary gland to evaluate the in vivo modification of N-glycosylation pattern in this tissue. Adenoviral vectors, containing the EPO-Fc and GnT-IVa sequences were assembled for in vitro and in vivo expression in mammalian cell culture or in goat mammary gland. Protein detection was assessed by gel electrophoresis and western blot, and N-glycans were identified by HPLC and mass spectrometry. GnT-IVa overexpression and its colocalization with EPO-Fc in the Golgi apparatus of SiHa cells were demonstrated. N-glycan analysis of in vitro and in vivo expression of EPO-Fc modified by GnT-IVa (EPO-Fc/GnT-IVa) showed an increase in high molecular weight structures, which corresponded to tri- and tetra-antennary N-glycans in SiHa cells and mostly tri-antennary N-glycans in goat's milk from transformed mammary tissue. The results confirmed that successful modification of the goat mammary gland secretion pathway could be achieved by co-expressing glycoenzymes together with the glycoprotein of interest. This is the first report of modification of the N-glycosylation pattern in the goat mammary gland in vivo, and constitutes a step forward for improving the use of the mammary gland as a bioreactor for the production of complex recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Leiva-Carrasco
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepcion, Chile; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center SpA, Granada 168, Villumanque, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Silvana Jiménez-Chávez
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepcion, Chile; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center SpA, Granada 168, Villumanque, Concepcion, Chile
| | - David J Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Biochemistry Department, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Natalie C Parra
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Kaio C Tavares
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Experimental Biology Center (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Frank Camacho
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Alain González
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Oliberto Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Raquel Montesino
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepcion, Chile; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center SpA, Granada 168, Villumanque, Concepcion, Chile.
| | - Jorge R Toledo
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepcion, Chile; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center SpA, Granada 168, Villumanque, Concepcion, Chile.
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8
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Kalds P, Zhou S, Cai B, Liu J, Wang Y, Petersen B, Sonstegard T, Wang X, Chen Y. Sheep and Goat Genome Engineering: From Random Transgenesis to the CRISPR Era. Front Genet 2019; 10:750. [PMID: 31552084 PMCID: PMC6735269 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheep and goats are valuable livestock species that have been raised for their production of meat, milk, fiber, and other by-products. Due to their suitable size, short gestation period, and abundant secretion of milk, sheep and goats have become important model animals in agricultural, pharmaceutical, and biomedical research. Genome engineering has been widely applied to sheep and goat research. Pronuclear injection and somatic cell nuclear transfer represent the two primary procedures for the generation of genetically modified sheep and goats. Further assisted tools have emerged to enhance the efficiency of genetic modification and to simplify the generation of genetically modified founders. These tools include sperm-mediated gene transfer, viral vectors, RNA interference, recombinases, transposons, and endonucleases. Of these tools, the four classes of site-specific endonucleases (meganucleases, ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPRs) have attracted wide attention due to their DNA double-strand break-inducing role, which enable desired DNA modifications based on the stimulation of native cellular DNA repair mechanisms. Currently, CRISPR systems dominate the field of genome editing. Gene-edited sheep and goats, generated using these tools, provide valuable models for investigations on gene functions, improving animal breeding, producing pharmaceuticals in milk, improving animal disease resistance, recapitulating human diseases, and providing hosts for the growth of human organs. In addition, more promising derivative tools of CRISPR systems have emerged such as base editors which enable the induction of single-base alterations without any requirements for homology-directed repair or DNA donor. These precise editors are helpful for revealing desirable phenotypes and correcting genetic diseases controlled by single bases. This review highlights the advances of genome engineering in sheep and goats over the past four decades with particular emphasis on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kalds
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, Egypt
| | - Shiwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bjoern Petersen
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt, Germany
| | | | - Xiaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Castillo C, Fernández-Mendívil C, Buendia I, Saavedra P, Meza C, Parra NC, Lopez MG, Toledo JR, Fuentealba J. Neuroprotective effects of EpoL against oxidative stress induced by soluble oligomers of Aβ peptide. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101187. [PMID: 30965198 PMCID: PMC6454060 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin is a glycoproteic hormone that regulates hematopoiesis by acting on its specific receptor (EpoR). The expression of EpoR in the central nervous system (CNS) suggests a role for this hormone in the brain. Recently, we developed a new Epo variant without hematopoietic activity called EpoL, which showed marked neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress in brain ischemia related models. In this study, we have evaluated the neuroprotective effects of EpoL against oxidative stress induced by chronic treatment with Aβ. Our results show that EpoL was neuroprotective against Aβ-induced toxicity by a mechanism that implicates EpoR, reduction in reactive oxygen species, and reduction in astrogliosis. Furthermore, EpoL treatment improved calcium handling and SV2 levels. Interestingly, the neuroprotective effect of EpoL against oxidative stress induced by chronic Aβ treatment was achieved at a concentration 10 times lower than that of Epo. In conclusion, EpoL, a new variant of Epo without hematopoietic activity, is of potential interest for the treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress in the CNS such as Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Castillo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofarmacos, Departamento de Fisiopatologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Chile
| | - C Fernández-Mendívil
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - I Buendia
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - P Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofarmacos, Departamento de Fisiopatologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Chile
| | - C Meza
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofarmacos, Departamento de Fisiopatologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Chile
| | - N C Parra
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofarmacos, Departamento de Fisiopatologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Chile
| | - M G Lopez
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - J R Toledo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofarmacos, Departamento de Fisiopatologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Chile.
| | - J Fuentealba
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Chile; Centro de Investigaciones Avanzadas en Biomedicina (CIAB-UdeC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Chile.
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10
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Chung HJ, Park HJ, Baek SY, Park JK, Lee WY, Kim KW, Jo YM, Hochi S, Kim YM, Choi TJ, Cho ES, Cho KH. Production of human tissue-type plasminogen activator (htPA) using in vitro cultured transgenic pig mammary gland cells. Anim Biotechnol 2018; 30:317-322. [PMID: 30522372 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2018.1521824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a protein involved in the breakdown of blood clots. We have previously produced a human tPA (htPA)-overexpressing transgenic pig using a mammary gland-specific promoter. In this study, we have established a transgenic pig mammary gland cell line that produces recombinant htPA. The mammary gland cells grew well and retained their character over long periods of culture. There was no difference in the extent of apoptosis in transgenic cells compared to wild-type mammary gland cells. In addition, the transgenic mammary gland cells expressed and secreted htPA into the conditioned media at a concentration similar to that in milk. This transgenic cell line represents a simple and ethical method for recombinant htPA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Jae Chung
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Cheoan-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Baek
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Cheoan-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ki Park
- Department of Swine & Poultry Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Department of Beef & Dairy Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Woon Kim
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Wanju-gun , Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Jo
- Medi Kinetics Central Research Institute , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Shinichi Hochi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University , Ueda , Nagano , Japan
| | - Yong-Min Kim
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Cheoan-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jeong Choi
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Cheoan-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Suek Cho
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Cheoan-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Ho Cho
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Cheoan-si , Republic of Korea
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11
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Castillo C, Zaror S, Gonzalez M, Hidalgo A, Burgos CF, Cabezas OI, Hugues F, Jiménez SP, González-Horta E, González-Chavarría I, Gavilán J, Montesino R, Sánchez O, Lopez MG, Fuentealba J, Toledo JR. Neuroprotective effect of a new variant of Epo nonhematopoietic against oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2018; 14:285-294. [PMID: 28987867 PMCID: PMC5975214 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human erythropoietin is mainly recognized for its hematopoietic function; however, by binding to its receptor (EpoR), it can activate different signaling pathways as STAT, PI3K, MAPK and RAS to increase cellular differentiation or provide neuroprotective effects, among others. A recombinant human erythropoietin variant with low glycosylation and without hematopoietic effect (EpoL) was purified from skimmed goat milk. Recombinant human erythropoietin (Epo) was obtained from CHO cell line and used as control to compare EpoL effects. Neuroprotection studies were performed in PC12 cells and rat hippocampal slices. Cells were pretreated during 1h with EpoL or Epo and exposed to oxidative agents (H2O2 or FCCP); cell viability was assayed at the end of the experiment by the MTT method. Hippocampal slices were exposed to 15min of oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and the neuroprotective drugs EpoL or Epo were incubated for 2h post-OGD in re-oxygenated medium. Cell cultures stressed with oxidative agents, and pretreated with EpoL, showed neuroprotective effects of 30% at a concentration 10 times lower than that of Epo. Moreover, similar differences were observed in OGD ex vivo assays. Neuroprotection elicited by EpoL was lost when an antibody against EpoR was present, indicating that its effect is EpoR-dependent. In conclusion, our results suggest that EpoL has a more potent neuroprotective profile than Epo against oxidative stress, mediated by activation of EpoR, thus EpoL represents an important target to develop a potential biopharmaceutical to treat different central nervous system pathologies related to oxidative stress such as stroke or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Castillo
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - S Zaror
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - M Gonzalez
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - A Hidalgo
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - C F Burgos
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compound, Physiology Department. School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - O I Cabezas
- Clinical Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Avenida Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan, Chile
| | - F Hugues
- Clinical Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Avenida Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan, Chile
| | - S P Jiménez
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - E González-Horta
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - I González-Chavarría
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - J Gavilán
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compound, Physiology Department. School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - R Montesino
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - O Sánchez
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Manuela G Lopez
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, "Instituo Teófilo Hernando", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - J Fuentealba
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compound, Physiology Department. School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - J R Toledo
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
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Hernández CC, Burgos CF, Gajardo AH, Silva-Grecchi T, Gavilan J, Toledo JR, Fuentealba J. Neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin on neurodegenerative and ischemic brain diseases: the role of erythropoietin receptor. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1381-1389. [PMID: 29089974 PMCID: PMC5649449 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.215240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (Epo) is a fundamental hormone in the regulation of hematopoiesis, and other secondary roles mediated by the binding of the hormone to its specific receptor (EpoR), which leads to an activation of key signaling pathways that induce an increase in cell differentiation, apoptosis control and neuroprotection. It has been suggested that their function depends on final conformation of glycosylations, related with affinity to the receptor and its half-life. The presence of EpoR has been reported in different tissues including central nervous system, where it has been demonstrated to exert a neuroprotective function against oxidative stress conditions, such as ischemic injury and neurodegenerative diseases. There is also evidence of an increase in EpoR expression in brain cell lysates of Alzheimer's patients with respect to healthy patients. These results are related with extensive in vitro experimental data of neuroprotection obtained from cell lines, primary cell cultures and hippocampal slices. Additionally, this data is correlated with in vivo experiments (water maze test) in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease where Epo treatment improved cognitive function. These studies support the idea that receptor activation induces a neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative disorders including dementias, and especially Alzheimer's disease. Taken together, available evidence suggests that Epo appears to be a central element for EpoR activation and neuroprotective properties in the central nervous system. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms associated with neuroprotection and its relation with the activation of EpoR in order with identify new targets to develop pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Castillo Hernández
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Felipe Burgos
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Angela Hidalgo Gajardo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Tiare Silva-Grecchi
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Javiera Gavilan
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Roberto Toledo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Fuentealba
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Bertolini LR, Meade H, Lazzarotto CR, Martins LT, Tavares KC, Bertolini M, Murray JD. The transgenic animal platform for biopharmaceutical production. Transgenic Res 2016; 25:329-43. [PMID: 26820414 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-9933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The recombinant production of therapeutic proteins for human diseases is currently the largest source of innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. The market growth has been the driving force on efforts for the development of new therapeutic proteins, in which transgenesis emerges as key component. The use of the transgenic animal platform offers attractive possibilities, residing on the low production costs allied to high productivity and quality of the recombinant proteins. Although many strategies have evolved over the past decades for the generation of transgenic founders, transgenesis in livestock animals generally faces some challenges, mainly due to random transgene integration and control over transgene copy number. But new developments in gene editing with CRISPR/Cas system promises to revolutionize the field for its simplicity and high efficiency. In addition, for the final approval of any given recombinant protein for animal or human use, the production and characterization of bioreactor founders and expression patterns and functionality of the proteins are technical part of the process, which also requires regulatory and administrative decisions, with a large emphasis on biosafety. The approval of two mammary gland-derived recombinant proteins for commercial and clinical use has boosted the interest for more efficient, safer and economic ways to generate transgenic founders to meet the increasing demand for biomedical proteins worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Bertolini
- Department of Pharmacology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUC/RS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - H Meade
- LFB, USA, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - C R Lazzarotto
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - L T Martins
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - K C Tavares
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - M Bertolini
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Lab, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Embryology and Reproductive Biotechnology Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J D Murray
- Transgenics Lab, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis (UC Davis), Davis, CA, USA
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Transient Expression of Functional Glucocerebrosidase for Treatment of Gaucher’s Disease in the Goat Mammary Gland. Mol Biotechnol 2015; 58:47-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Adeno-associated-virus-mediated transduction of the mammary gland enables sustained production of recombinant proteins in milk. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15115. [PMID: 26463440 PMCID: PMC4604487 DOI: 10.1038/srep15115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopharming for the production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins in the mammary gland of transgenic animals is an attractive but laborious alternative compared to mammalian cell fermentation. The disadvantage of the lengthy process of genetically modifying an entire animal could be circumvented with somatic transduction of only the mammary epithelium with recombinant, replication-defective viruses. While other viral vectors offer very limited scope for this approach, vectors based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) appear to be ideal candidates because AAV is helper-dependent, does not induce a strong immune response and has no association with disease. Here, we sought to test the suitability of recombinant AAV (rAAV) for biopharming. Using reporter genes, we showed that injected rAAV efficiently transduced mouse mammary cells. When rAAV encoding human myelin basic protein (hMBP) was injected into the mammary glands of mice and rabbits, this resulted in the expression of readily detectable protein levels of up to 0.5 g/L in the milk. Furthermore we demonstrated that production of hMBP persisted over extended periods and that protein expression could be renewed in a subsequent lactation by re-injection of rAAV into a previously injected mouse gland.
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Beltrán-Ortiz CE, Starck-Mendez MF, Fernández Y, Farnós O, González EE, Rivas CI, Camacho F, Zuñiga FA, Toledo JR, Sánchez O. Expression and purification of the surface proteins from Andes virus. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 139:63-70. [PMID: 26374989 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Andes virus is the main causative agent of Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in South America. There are currently no vaccines or treatments against Andes virus. However, there are several evidences suggesting that antibodies against Andes virus envelope glycoproteins may be enough to confer full protection against Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. The goal of the present work was to express, purify and characterize the extracellular domains of Andes virus glycoproteins Gn and Gc. We generated two adenoviral vectors encoding the extracellular domains of Andes virus glycoproteins Gn and Gc. Both molecules were expressed by adenoviral transduction in SiHa cells. We found that sGc ectodomain was mainly secreted into the culture medium, whereas sGn was predominantly retained inside the cells. Both molecules were expressed at very low concentrations (below 1 μg/mL). Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor ALLN raised sGc concentration in the cell culture medium, but did not affect expression levels of sGn. Both ectodomains were purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, and were recognized by sera from persons previously exposed to Andes virus. To our knowledge, this is the first work that addresses the expression and purification of Andes virus glycoproteins Gn and Gc. Our results demonstrate that sGn and sGc maintain epitopes that are exposed on the surface of the viral envelope. However, our work also highlights the need to explore new strategies to achieve high-level expression of these proteins for development of a vaccine candidate against Andes virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila E Beltrán-Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Chile
| | - Maria F Starck-Mendez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Chile
| | - Yaiza Fernández
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Chile
| | - Omar Farnós
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Chile
| | - Eddy E González
- Department of Physiopathology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Chile
| | - Coralia I Rivas
- Department of Physiopathology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Chile
| | - F Camacho
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Chile
| | - Felipe A Zuñiga
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Pharmacia, University of Concepcion, Chile
| | - Jorge R Toledo
- Department of Physiopathology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Chile; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine Spa., Chile
| | - Oliberto Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Chile; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine Spa., Chile.
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Salgado ER, Montesino R, Jiménez SP, González M, Hugues F, Cabezas OI, Maura-Perez R, Saavedra P, Lamazares E, Salas-Burgos A, Vera JC, Sánchez O, Toledo JR. Post-translational modification of a chimeric EPO-Fc hormone is more important than its molecular size in defining its in vivo hematopoietic activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1685-93. [PMID: 25960389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) has been marketed as biopharmaceutical for anemia and chronic renal failure. Long-acting EPO variants that aimed at achieving less frequent dosing have been generated, either by the addition of glycosylation sites or increasing its molecular weight. METHODS The hEPO cDNA linked to the human IgG Fc fragment was cloned as a single codifying gene on the pAdtrack-CMV vector, yielding the recombinant adenoviral genome. For in vitro and in vivo expression assays cervical cancer cell line (SiHa) and nulliparous goats were used, respectively. The hematopoietic activity of EPO-Fc, expressed as the differential increment of hematocrit was evaluated in B6D2F1 mice. NP-HPLC of the 2AB-labeled N-glycan was carried out to profile analysis. RESULTS The direct transduction of mammary secretory cells with adenoviral vector is a robust methodology to obtain high levels of EPO of up to 3.5mg/mL in goat's milk. SiHa-derived EPO-Fc showed significant improvement in hematopoietic activity compared to the commercial hEPO counterpart or with the homologous milk-derived EPO-Fc. The role of the molecular weight seemed to be important in enhancing the hematopoietic activity of SiHa-derived EPO-Fc. However, the lack of sialylated multi-antennary glycosylation profile in milk-derived EPO-Fc resulted in lower biological activity. CONCLUSIONS The low content of tri- or tetra-antennary sialylated N-glycans linked to the chimeric EPO-Fc hormone, expressed in the goat mammary gland epithelial cells, defined its in vivo hematopoietic activity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The sialylated N-glycan content plays a more significant role in the in vivo biological activity of hEPO than its increased molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio R Salgado
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Physiopathology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Raquel Montesino
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Physiopathology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Sivana P Jiménez
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Physiopathology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mauricio González
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Physiopathology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Florence Hugues
- Clinical Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Avenida Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan, Chile
| | - Oscar I Cabezas
- Clinical Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Avenida Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan, Chile
| | - Rafael Maura-Perez
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Physiopathology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Paulina Saavedra
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Physiopathology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Emilio Lamazares
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Physiopathology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alexis Salas-Burgos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan C Vera
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Physiopathology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Oliberto Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge R Toledo
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Department of Physiopathology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160C, Concepción, Chile.
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Pose AG, Morell NO, Matos DA, Rodríguez ER, Rodríguez ES, Cordero LR, Moltó MPR, Ramos EMG, Gutiérrez AÁ, Pérez LG, Gómez JN, Redondo AV, Nordelo CB. Stable lentiviral transformation of CHO cells for the expression of the hemagglutinin H5 of avian influenza virus in suspension culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [PMID: 28626654 PMCID: PMC5466102 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We obtained clones that stably expressed hemagglutinin in CHO cells by lentiviral vector transduction. The growth kinetics and the stable production of the hemagglutinin protein were demonstrated in the clone with the highest expression level. Hemagglutinin purification was carried out by immunoaffinity chromatography with a high degree of purity. ELISA assays using the hemagglutinin protein direct from the supernatant or in its purified form showed similar antibody titers.
Avian influenza virus H5N1 has caused extensive damage worldwide among poultry and humans. Effective expression systems are needed for the production of viral proteins required for monitoring this devastating disease. The present study deals with the establishment of a stable expression system for the hemagglutinin H5 (HAH5) of avian influenza virus using CHO cells in suspension culture transduced with a recombinant lentiviral vector. The synthetic gene coding the HAH5 protein was inserted in a lentiviral vector with the aim of performing a stable transduction of CHO cells. After the selection of recombinant clones, the one with the highest expression level was adapted to suspension culture and the HAH5 protein was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography from the culture supernatant. There were no significant differences when this protein, purified or direct from the culture supernatant of CHO or SiHa cells, was utilized in an immunologic assay using positive and negative sera as reference. It was also demonstrated that the HAH5 protein in its purified form is able to bind anti-HAH5 antibodies generated with proper and non-proper folded proteins. The results demonstrate that the CHO cell line stably transduced with a lentiviral vector coding the sequence of the HAH5 protein and cultured in suspension can be a suitable expression system to obtain this protein for diagnostic purpose in a consistent and reliable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaín González Pose
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Nayrobis Oramas Morell
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Dailenis Abella Matos
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Elsa Rodríguez Rodríguez
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Elaine Santana Rodríguez
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Liliam Rios Cordero
- Virology Department, National Center for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), Apdo 10, San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque 32700, Cuba
| | - María Pilar Rodríguez Moltó
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Ernesto Manuel González Ramos
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Anays Álvarez Gutiérrez
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba.,Virology Department, National Center for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), Apdo 10, San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque 32700, Cuba
| | - Llilian Gómez Pérez
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Julia Noda Gómez
- Virology Department, National Center for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), Apdo 10, San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque 32700, Cuba
| | - Armando Vega Redondo
- Virology Department, National Center for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), Apdo 10, San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque 32700, Cuba
| | - Carlos Borroto Nordelo
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
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Yang H, Li Q, Han Z, Hu J. High level expression of recombinant human antithrombin in the mammary gland of rabbits by adenoviral vectors infection. Anim Biotechnol 2012; 23:89-100. [PMID: 22537058 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2011.644647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Expression of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins in the mammalian mammary gland is of great interest for the medical industry. This study was designed to express recombinant human antithrombin (rhAT) in the mammary gland of rabbits by adenovirus vectors infection. Replication-defective adenovirus encoding human antithrombin complementary DNA (cDNA) was constructed and directly infused into the mammary gland of rabbits via the teat canal. The milk serum was collected from the infected mammary gland 48 h post-infection and subjected to Western blot analysis, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and antithrombotic activity assay. In this way, the target protein was verified, and a high expression level of rhAT up to 4.8 g/L was obtained, and antithrombotic activity of the rhAT was not different than that of a standard human antithrombin protein (p > 0.05). Compared to previous attempts to produce human antithrombin in the mammary gland of transgenic animals or fractionation the plasma of blood donors, the method for rhAT expression we established would reduce production cost and further increase production efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yang
- College of Animal Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
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20
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Kittur FS, Hung CY, Darlington DE, Sane DC, Xie J. N-Glycosylation engineering of tobacco plants to produce asialoerythropoietin. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:1233-43. [PMID: 22371257 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that displays both hematopoietic and tissue-protective functions by binding to two distinct receptors. Recombinant human EPO (rhuEPO) is widely used for the treatment of anemia, but its use for tissue protection is limited because of potentially harmful increases in red blood cell mass when higher doses of rhuEPO are used. Recent studies have shown that asialoerythropoietin (asialo-rhuEPO), a desialylated form of rhuEPO, lacks hematopoietic activity, but retains cytoprotective activity. Currently, a small amount of asialo-rhuEPO is produced by enzymatic desialylation of rhuEPO. The prohibitive cost of rhuEPO, however, is a major limitation of this method. Plants have the ability to synthesize complex N-glycans, but lack enzymatic activities to add sialic acid and β1,4-galactose to N-glycan chains. Plants could be genetically engineered to produce asialo-rhuEPO by introducing human β1,4-galactosyltransferase. The penultimate β1,4-linked galactose residues are important for in vivo biological activity. In this proof of concept study, we show that tobacco plants co-expressing human β1,4-galactosyltransferase and EPO genes accumulated asialo-rhuEPO. Purified asialo-rhuEPO binds to an Erythrina cristagalli lectin column, indicating that its N-glycan chains bear terminal β1,4-galactose residues and that the co-expressed GalT is functionally active. Asialo-rhuEPO interacted with the EPO receptor (EPOR) with similar affinity as rhuEPO, implying that it was properly folded. The strategy described here provides a straightforward way to produce asialo-rhuEPO for research and therapeutic purposes. KEY MESSAGE N-glycosylation pathway in tobacco plants could be genetically engineered to produce a tissue-protective cytokine, asialoerythropoietin (a desialylated form of human hormone erythropoietin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooqahmed S Kittur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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Rodríguez ES, Pose AG, Moltó MPR, Espinoza AS, Zamora PA, Pedroso MS. Biosafety evaluation of recombinant protein production in goat mammary gland using adenoviral vectors: Preliminary study. Biotechnol J 2012; 7:1049-53. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Boulanger L, Passet B, Pailhoux E, Vilotte JL. Transgenesis applied to goat: current applications and ongoing research. Transgenic Res 2012; 21:1183-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9618-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Colella P, Iodice C, Di Vicino U, Annunziata I, Surace EM, Auricchio A. Non-erythropoietic erythropoietin derivatives protect from light-induced and genetic photoreceptor degeneration. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:2251-62. [PMID: 21421996 PMCID: PMC3090200 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the high genetic heterogeneity of inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs), a wide applicable treatment would be desirable to halt/slow progressive photoreceptor (PR) cell loss in a mutation-independent manner. In addition to its erythropoietic activity, erythropoietin (EPO) presents neurotrophic characteristics. We have previously shown that adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated systemic EPO delivery protects from PR degeneration. However, this is associated with an undesired hematocrit increase that could contribute to PR protection. Non-erythropoietic EPO derivatives (EPO-D) are available which allow us to dissect erythropoiesis's role in PR preservation and may be more versatile and safe than EPO as anti-apoptotic agents. We delivered in animal models of light-induced or genetic retinal degeneration either intramuscularly or subretinally AAV vectors encoding EPO or one of the three selected EPO-D: the mutant S100E, the helix A- and B-derived EPO-mimetic peptides. We observed that (i) systemic expression of S100E induces a significantly lower hematocrit increase than EPO and provides similar protection from PR degeneration, and (ii) intraocular expression of EPO-D protects PR from degeneration in the absence of significant hematocrit increase. On the basis of this, we conclude that erythropoiesis is not required for EPO-mediated PR protection. However, the lower efficacy observed when EPO or S100E is expressed intraocularly rather than systemically suggests that hormone systemic effects contribute to PR protection. Unlike S100E, EPO-mimetic peptides preserve PR only when given locally, suggesting that different EPO-D have a different potency or mode of action. In conclusion, our data show that subretinal delivery of AAV vectors encoding EPO-D protects from light-induced and genetic PR degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Colella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80131 Naples, Italy
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK and
| | - Carolina Iodice
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Di Vicino
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Annunziata
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico M. Surace
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Auricchio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Single dose adenovirus vectored vaccine induces a potent and long-lasting immune response against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus after parenteral or mucosal administration. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 142:179-88. [PMID: 21621855 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is the etiological agent of a lethal and contagious disease of rabbits that remains as a serious problem worldwide. As this virus does not replicate in cell culture systems, the capsid protein gene has been expressed in heterologous hosts or inserted in replication-competent viruses in order to obtain non-conventional RHDV vaccines. However, due to technological or safety issues, current RHDV vaccines are still prepared from organs of infected rabbits. In this work, two human type 5 derived replication-defective adenoviruses encoding the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus VP60 capsid protein were constructed. The recombinant protein was expressed as a multimer in mouse and rabbit cell lines at levels that ranged from approximately 120 to 160 mg/L of culture. Mice intravenously or subcutaneously inoculated with a single 10(8) gene transfer units (GTU) dose of the AdVP60 vector (designed for VP60 intracellular expression) seroconverted at days 7 and 14 post-immunization, respectively. This vector generated a stronger response than that obtained with a second vector (AdVP60sec) designed for VP60 secretion. Rabbits were then immunized by parenteral or mucosal routes with a single 10(9)GTU dose of the AdVP60 and the antibody response was evaluated using a competition ELISA specific for RHDV or RHDVa. Protective hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers were also promptly detected and IgG antibodies corresponding with inhibition percentages over 85% persisted up to one year in all rabbits, independently of the immunization route employed. These levels were similar to those elicited with inactivated RHDV or with VP60 obtained from yeast or insect cells. IgA specific antibodies were only found in saliva of rabbits immunized by intranasal instillation. The feasibility of VP60 production and vaccination of rabbits with replication-defective adenoviral vectors was demonstrated.
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25
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Montesino R, Gil J, González LJ, Zamora Y, Royle L, Rudd PM, Dwek RA, Harvey DJ, Cremata JA. The N-glycosylation of classical swine fever virus E2 glycoprotein extracellular domain expressed in the milk of goat. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 500:169-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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He Z, Zhao Y, Mei G, Li N, Chen Y. Could protein tertiary structure influence mammary transgene expression more than tissue specific codon usage? Transgenic Res 2010; 19:519-33. [PMID: 20563642 PMCID: PMC2902731 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-010-9411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Animal mammary glands have been successfully employed to produce therapeutic recombinant human proteins. However, considerable variation in animal mammary transgene expression efficiency has been reported. We now consider whether aspects of codon usage and/or protein tertiary structure underlie this variation in mammary transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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27
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Modric T, Mergia A. The Use of Viral Vectors in Introducing Genes into Agricultural Animal Species. Anim Biotechnol 2009; 20:216-30. [DOI: 10.1080/10495390903196380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Rex TS, Wong Y, Kodali K, Merry S. Neuroprotection of photoreceptors by direct delivery of erythropoietin to the retina of the retinal degeneration slow mouse. Exp Eye Res 2009; 89:735-40. [PMID: 19591826 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2009.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The primary objectives of this study were to determine if erythropoietin (EPO) is neuroprotective to the photoreceptors in the retinal degeneration slow (rds) mouse in the absence of an increase in hematocrit and to determine if deglycosylated EPO (DEPO) is less neuroprotective. We performed subretinal injections of 10U EPO, DEPO or hyperglycosylated EPO (HEPO) in postnatal day 7 rds mice. Whole eye EPO levels were quantified by ELISA at specified time points post-injection. TUNEL analysis, hematocrit, and immunohistochemistry were performed at postnatal day 20. Half of the amount of EPO measured immediately after injection was detected less than 1 h later. Twenty four hours later, EPO levels were 1000 times lower than the amount originally detected. Uninjected rds mice contained 36 +/- 2 TUNEL-positive cells/mm retina and PBS injected mice contained 17 +/- 3 TUNEL-positive cells/mm retina. EPO, DEPO, and HEPO treated rds retinas contained 5 +/- 2, 9 +/- 2, and 3 +/- 1 TUNEL-positive cells/mm retina, respectively. The hematocrit was 43% in control and 41% in treated rds mice Previous studies have shown neuroprotection of the retina by treatment with as little as 24-39 mU EPO/mg total protein in the eye. In this study, we detected 40 mU/mg EPO in the eye 11 h after injection of 10 U EPO. Treatment with all forms of EPO tested was neuroprotective to the photoreceptors without a concomitant increase in hematocrit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia S Rex
- The Hamilton Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave., Ste 731, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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29
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Yang H, Li QW, Han ZS, Hu JH, Li WY, Liu ZB. Recombinant human antithrombin expressed in the milk of non-transgenic goats exhibits high efficiency on rat DIC model. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2009; 28:449-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-009-0347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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30
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Conley AJ, Mohib K, Jevnikar AM, Brandle JE. Plant recombinant erythropoietin attenuates inflammatory kidney cell injury. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2009; 7:183-99. [PMID: 19055608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2008.00389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Human erythropoietin (EPO) is a pleiotropic cytokine with remarkable tissue-protective activities in addition to its well-established role in red blood cell production. Unfortunately, conventional mammalian cell cultures are unlikely to meet the anticipated market demands for recombinant EPO because of limited capacity and high production costs. Plant expression systems may address these limitations to enable practical, cost-effective delivery of EPO in tissue injury prevention therapeutics. In this study, we produced human EPO in tobacco and demonstrated that plant-derived EPO had tissue-protective activity. Our results indicated that targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) provided the highest accumulation levels of EPO, with a yield approaching 0.05% of total soluble protein in tobacco leaves. The codon optimization of the human EPO gene for plant expression had no clear advantage; furthermore, the human EPO signal peptide performed better than a tobacco signal peptide. In addition, we found that glycosylation was essential for the stability of plant recombinant EPO, whereas the presence of an elastin-like polypeptide fusion had a limited positive impact on the level of EPO accumulation. Confocal microscopy showed that apoplast and ER-targeted EPO were correctly localized, and N-glycan analysis demonstrated that complex plant glycans existed on apoplast-targeted EPO, but not on ER-targeted EPO. Importantly, plant-derived EPO had enhanced receptor-binding affinity and was able to protect kidney epithelial cells from cytokine-induced death in vitro. These findings demonstrate that tobacco plants may be an attractive alternative for the production of large amounts of biologically active EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Conley
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
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31
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Expression of Recombinant Human Nerve Growth Factor Beta in Milk of Goats by Recombinant Replication-Defective Adenovirus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 157:357-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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Xiao B, Li QW, Feng B, Han ZS, Gao DW, Li J, Li K, Zhao R, Jiang ZL, Hu JH, Zhi XB. High-level expression of recombinant human nerve growth factor beta in milk of nontransgenic rabbits. J Biosci Bioeng 2008; 105:327-34. [PMID: 18499047 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.105.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 12/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The technology for the large-scale production of therapeutic recombinant proteins remains a challenge in the biopharmaceutical industry. In this study, we reported a nontransgenic approach to producing a large quantity of human nerve growth factor beta (hNGF-beta) in rabbit milk by employing a recombinant adenoviral expression system. After directly instilling hNGF-beta recombinant adenoviruses into rabbit mammary glands, a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 13.2 kDa was detected in rabbit milk. The maximal expression level of hNGF-beta reached 346 mug/ml. The biological activity of recombinant hNGF-beta was confirmed using PC12 cells and cultures of dorsal root ganglion neurons from chicken embryos. Our data suggest that instilling recombinant adenovirus directly into the mammary gland of mammals is an efficient approach to producing a large quantity of hNGF-beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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33
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Efficient recovery of recombinant human erythropoietin from milk of transgenic pigs by two-step pretreatment. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-007-0158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Abstract
Proteins started being used as pharmaceuticals in the 1920s with insulin extracted from pig pancreas. In the early 1980s, human insulin was prepared in recombinant bacteria and it is now used by all patients suffering from diabetes. Several other proteins and particularly human growth hormone are also prepared from bacteria. This success was limited by the fact that bacteria cannot synthesize complex proteins such as monoclonal antibodies or coagulation blood factors which must be matured by post-translational modifications to be active or stable in vivo. These modifications include mainly folding, cleavage, subunit association, γ-carboxylation and glycosylation. They can be fully achieved only in mammalian cells which can be cultured in fermentors at an industrial scale or used in living animals. Several transgenic animal species can produce recombinant proteins but presently two systems started being implemented. The first is milk from farm transgenic mammals which has been studied for 20 years and which allowed a protein, human antithrombin III, to receive the agreement from EMEA (European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products) to be put on the market in 2006. The second system is chicken egg white which recently became more attractive after essential improvement of the methods used to generate transgenic birds. Two monoclonal antibodies and human interferon-β1a could be recovered from chicken egg white. A broad variety of recombinant proteins were produced experimentally by these systems and a few others. This includes monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, blood factors, hormones, growth factors, cytokines, enzymes, milk proteins, collagen, fibrinogen and others. Although these tools have not yet been optimized and are still being improved, a new era in the production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins was initiated in 1987 and became a reality in 2006. In the present review, the efficiency of the different animal systems to produce pharmaceutical proteins are described and compared to others including plants and micro-organisms.
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35
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Monosialylated biantennary N-glycoforms containing GalNAc–GlcNAc antennae predominate when human EPO is expressed in goat milk. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 470:163-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Toledo JR, Sánchez O, Montesino R, Farnos O, Rodríguez MP, Alfonso P, Oramas N, Rodríguez E, Santana E, Vega E, Ganges L, Frias MT, Cremata J, Barrera M. Highly protective E2–CSFV vaccine candidate produced in the mammary gland of adenoviral transduced goats. J Biotechnol 2008; 133:370-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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37
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Bösze Z, Baranyi M, Whitelaw CBA. Producing recombinant human milk proteins in the milk of livestock species. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 606:357-93. [PMID: 18183938 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-74087-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human proteins produced by the mammary glands of genetically modified transgenic livestock mammals represent a special aspect of milk bioactive components. For therapeutic applications, the often complex posttranslational modifications of human proteins should be recapitulated in the recombinant products. Compared to alternative production methods, mammary gland production is a viable option, underlined by a number of transgenic livestock animal models producing abundant biologically active foreign proteins in their milk. Recombinant proteins isolated from milk have reached different phases of clinical trials, with the first marketing approval for human therapeutic applications from the EMEA achieved in 2006.
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38
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Sánchez O, Barrera M, Rodríguez MP, Frías MT, Figueroa NE, Naranjo P, Montesino R, Farnos O, Castell S, Venereo A, Ganges L, Borroto C, Toledo JR. Classical swine fever virus E2 glycoprotein antigen produced in adenovirally transduced PK-15 cells confers complete protection in pigs upon viral challenge. Vaccine 2007; 26:988-97. [PMID: 18192093 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
E2 is the major envelope glycoprotein present on the outer surface of the classical swine fever virus (CSFV). It is exposed as a homodimer originated by disulfide linkage and represents an important target for the induction of neutralizing immune responses against the viral infection. The E2his glycoprotein nucleotide sequence used in this work contains the CSFV E2 extracellular domain preceded by the tissue plasminogen signal peptide and a hexa-histidine tag in the 3' terminus. The recombinant antigen was produced at a range of 120-150 microg/mL in the culture media of epithelial kidney pig cells, transduced with a replication defective adenoviral vector (Ad-E2his) generated by means of cloning the E2his sequence in the vector genome. The glycoprotein was obtained from clarified culture media as a homodimer of 110 kDa with purity over 95% after a single affinity chromatography step in Ni-NTA Agarose column. The E2his characterization by lectin-specific binding assay showed the presence of N-linked oligosaccharides of both hybrid and complex types. The protective capacity of E2his was demonstrated in two immunization and challenge experiments in pigs using doses of 15 or 30 microg of the glycoprotein, emulsified in Freund's adjuvant. The intramuscular immunization followed by a unique boost three weeks later, elicited high titers of neutralizing antibodies between the second and the fourth week after the primary vaccination. The immunized animals were fully protected from the viral infection after challenge with 10(5) PLD(50) of homologous CSFV "Margarita" strain administered by intramuscular injection. Consequently, no clinical signs of the disease or viral isolation from lymphocytes were detected in the vaccinated pigs. These results suggest that the E2his antigen produced in mammalian cells may be a feasible vaccine candidate for CSF prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliberto Sánchez
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
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39
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Sánchez O, Montesino R, Toledo JR, Rodríguez E, Díaz D, Royle L, Rudd PM, Dwek RA, Gerwig GJ, Kamerling JP, Harvey DJ, Cremata JA. The goat mammary glandular epithelial (GMGE) cell line promotes polyfucosylation and N,N′-diacetyllactosediaminylation of N-glycans linked to recombinant human erythropoietin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 464:322-34. [PMID: 17570337 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We have established a continuous, non-transformed cell line from primary cultures from Capra hircus mammary gland. Low-density cultures showed a homogeneous epithelial morphology without detectable fibroblastic or myoepithelial cells. The culture was responsive to contact inhibition of proliferation and its doubling time was dependent on the presence of insulin and epidermal growth factor (EGF). GMGE cells secrete caseins regardless of the presence or absence of lactogenic hormones in the culture media. Investigation of the total N-glycan pool of human erythropoietin (rhEPO) expressed in GMGE cells by monosaccharide analysis, HPLC profiling, and mass spectrometry, indicated significant differences with respect to the same protein expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. N-Glycans of rhEPO-GMGE are core-fucosylated, but fucosylation of outer arms was also found. Our results also revealed the presence of low levels of sialylation (>95% Neu5Ac), N,N'-diacetyllactosediamine units, and possibly Gal-Gal non-reducing terminal elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sánchez
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
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40
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Han ZS, Li QW, Zhang ZY, Xiao B, Gao DW, Wu SY, Li J, Zhao HW, Jiang ZL, Hu JH. High-level expression of human lactoferrin in the milk of goats by using replication-defective adenoviral vectors. Protein Expr Purif 2007; 53:225-31. [PMID: 17208010 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2006.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Revised: 11/24/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The expression of human lactoferrin in the mammary gland is an attractive approach to diminish its current production cost. Previous attempts to produce lactorferrin in the milk of transgenic animals resulted in very high cost and uncertain results. In this paper, we have directly infused replication-defective adenovirus encoding human lactoferrin cDNA into the mammary gland of goats via the teat canal. In this way, we obtained a high level of expressed human lactoferrin up to 2g/L in the milk of goats. The milk serum was collected from the infected mammary gland 48 h post-infection and subjected to a 10% SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. A approximately 80-kDa protein was visualized after viral vector infection. Our results demonstrate that intraductal injection of recombinant replication-defective adenovirus vectors may provide a very useful tool for large-scale production of recombinant proteins of biopharmaceutical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Sheng Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
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