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Krishna S, Jung ST, Lee EY. Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris: microbial cell-factory platform for -full-length IgG production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38797692 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2342969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the unmet demand, the pharmaceutical industry is investigating an alternative host to mammalian cells to produce antibodies for a variety of therapeutic and research applications. Regardless of some disadvantages, Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris are the preferred microbial hosts for antibody production. Despite the fact that the production of full-length antibodies has been successfully demonstrated in E. coli, which has mostly been used to produce antibody fragments, such as: antigen-binding fragments (Fab), single-chain fragment variable (scFv), and nanobodies. In contrast, Pichia, a eukaryotic microbial host, is mostly used to produce glycosylated full-length antibodies, though hypermannosylated glycan is a major challenge. Advanced strategies, such as the introduction of human-like glycosylation in endotoxin-edited E. coli and cell-free system-based glycosylation, are making progress in creating human-like glycosylation profiles of antibodies in these microbes. This review begins by explaining the structural and functional requirements of antibodies and continues by describing and analyzing the potential of E. coli and P. pastoris as hosts for providing a favorable environment to create a fully functional antibody. In addition, authors compare these microbes on certain features and predict their future in antibody production. Briefly, this review analyzes, compares, and highlights E. coli and P. pastoris as potential hosts for antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Krishna
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Taek Jung
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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2
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Das PK, Sahoo A, Veeranki VD. Recombinant monoclonal antibody production in yeasts: Challenges and considerations. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131379. [PMID: 38580014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are laboratory-based engineered protein molecules with a monovalent affinity or multivalent avidity towards a specific target or antigen, which can mimic natural antibodies that are produced in the human immune systems to fight against detrimental pathogens. The recombinant mAb is one of the most effective classes of biopharmaceuticals produced in vitro by cloning and expressing synthetic antibody genes in a suitable host. Yeast is one of the potential hosts among others for the successful production of recombinant mAbs. However, there are very few yeast-derived mAbs that got the approval of the regulatory agencies for direct use for treatment purposes. Certain challenges encountered by yeasts for recombinant antibody productions need to be overcome and a few considerations related to antibody structure, host engineering, and culturing strategies should be followed for the improved production of mAbs in yeasts. In this review, the drawbacks related to the metabolic burden of the host, culturing conditions including induction mechanism and secretion efficiency, solubility and stability, downstream processing, and the pharmacokinetic behavior of the antibody are discussed, which will help in developing the yeast hosts for the efficient production of recombinant mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabir Kumar Das
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ansuman Sahoo
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Venkata Dasu Veeranki
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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3
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Goj D, Ebner S, Horvat M, Arhar S, Martínková L, Winkler M. Cell-free reduction of carboxylic acids with secreted carboxylic acid reductase. J Biotechnol 2024; 382:44-50. [PMID: 38266924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium marinum CAR (MmCAR) is one of the most widely used CARs as the key enzyme for the synthesis of aldehydes, alcohols and further products from the respective carboxylic acids. Herein, we describe the first functionally secreted 131 kDa CAR and its isolated A-domain using Komagataella phaffii and a methanol-free constitutive expression strategy. Precipitated and lyophilized MmCAR (500 µg) was isolated from the culture supernatant and showed no decrease in activity for piperonylic acid (80% conversion), even when stored for up to 3 weeks at 4°C. Lyophilized MmCAR precipitate gave 48% yield of E/Z-nonanal-4-nitrobenzoyloxime from the reduction of nonanoic acid and in-situ derivatization with O-4-nitrobenzoyl-hydroxylamine. Furthermore, K. phaffii could successfully secrete the MmCAR adenylation domain. Its activity was confirmed by the amidation of benzoic acid with n-hexylamine. Neither enzyme variant was glycosylated by the yeast. In summary, functional CAR can be secreted by K. phaffii and used for cell free conversion of carboxylic acids to various products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Goj
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, Graz, Austria
| | - Stella Ebner
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, Graz, Austria
| | - Melissa Horvat
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, Graz, Austria
| | - Simon Arhar
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, Graz, Austria
| | - Ludmila Martínková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague CZ-14200, Czech Republic
| | - Margit Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, Graz, Austria; Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, Graz, Austria.
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4
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Dübel S. Can antibodies be "vegan"? A guide through the maze of today's antibody generation methods. MAbs 2024; 16:2343499. [PMID: 38634488 PMCID: PMC11028021 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2343499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
There is no doubt that today's life sciences would look very different without the availability of millions of research antibody products. Nevertheless, the use of antibody reagents that are poorly characterized has led to the publication of false or misleading results. The use of laboratory animals to produce research antibodies has also been criticized. Surprisingly, both problems can be addressed with the same technology. This review charts today's maze of different antibody formats and the various methods for antibody production and their interconnections, ultimately concluding that sequence-defined recombinant antibodies offer a clear path to both improved quality of experimental data and reduced use of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dübel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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5
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Rodrigues Andrade KC, Cordeiro de Abreu JA, Guimarães MB, Abrunhosa LS, Leôncio Rodrigues AL, Fonseca-Bazzo YM, Silveira D, Souza PM, Magalhães PO. Heterologous expression of fungal L-asparaginase: a systematic review. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:157-171. [PMID: 37882841 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To review the available literature about heterologous expression of fungal L-asparaginase (L-ASNase). Materials & methods: A search was conducted across PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science databases; 4172 citations were identified and seven articles were selected. Results: The results showed that heterologous expression of fungal L-ASNase was performed mostly in bacterial expression systems, except for a study that expressed L-ASNase in a yeast system. Only three publications reported the purification and characterization of the enzyme. Conclusion: The information reported in this systematic review can contribute significantly to the recognition of the importance of biotechnological techniques for L-ASNase production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina Borges Guimarães
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Health Science School, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Santos Abrunhosa
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Health Science School, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Yris Maria Fonseca-Bazzo
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Health Science School, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Damaris Silveira
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Health Science School, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Monteiro Souza
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Health Science School, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Pérola Oliveira Magalhães
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Health Science School, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
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García-Alija M, van Moer B, Sastre DE, Azzam T, Du JJ, Trastoy B, Callewaert N, Sundberg EJ, Guerin ME. Modulating antibody effector functions by Fc glycoengineering. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108201. [PMID: 37336296 PMCID: PMC11027751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Antibody based drugs, including IgG monoclonal antibodies, are an expanding class of therapeutics widely employed to treat cancer, autoimmune and infectious diseases. IgG antibodies have a conserved N-glycosylation site at Asn297 that bears complex type N-glycans which, along with other less conserved N- and O-glycosylation sites, fine-tune effector functions, complement activation, and half-life of antibodies. Fucosylation, galactosylation, sialylation, bisection and mannosylation all generate glycoforms that interact in a specific manner with different cellular antibody receptors and are linked to a distinct functional profile. Antibodies, including those employed in clinical settings, are generated with a mixture of glycoforms attached to them, which has an impact on their efficacy, stability and effector functions. It is therefore of great interest to produce antibodies containing only tailored glycoforms with specific effects associated with them. To this end, several antibody engineering strategies have been developed, including the usage of engineered mammalian cell lines, in vitro and in vivo glycoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel García-Alija
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia 48903, Spain
| | - Berre van Moer
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Zwijnaarde, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium
| | - Diego E Sastre
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tala Azzam
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jonathan J Du
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Beatriz Trastoy
- Structural Glycoimmunology Laboratory, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, 48903, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Nico Callewaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Zwijnaarde, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium.
| | - Eric J Sundberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Marcelo E Guerin
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia 48903, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.
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Pan Y, Yang J, Wu J, Yang L, Fang H. Current advances of Pichia pastoris as cell factories for production of recombinant proteins. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1059777. [PMID: 36504810 PMCID: PMC9730254 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1059777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pichia pastoris (syn. Komagataella spp.) has attracted extensive attention as an efficient platform for recombinant protein (RP) production. For obtaining a higher protein titer, many researchers have put lots of effort into different areas and made some progress. Here, we summarized the most recent advances of the last 5 years to get a better understanding of its future direction of development. The appearance of innovative genetic tools and methodologies like the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system eases the manipulation of gene expression systems and greatly improves the efficiency of exploring gene functions. The integration of novel pathways in microorganisms has raised more ideas of metabolic engineering for enhancing RP production. In addition, some new opportunities for the manufacture of proteins have been created by the application of novel mathematical models coupled with high-throughput screening to have a better overview of bottlenecks in the biosynthetic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Pan
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lirong Yang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Fang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Hao Fang,
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8
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Rinnofner C, Felber M, Pichler H. Strains and Molecular Tools for Recombinant Protein Production in Pichia pastoris. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2513:79-112. [PMID: 35781201 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2399-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Within the last two decades, the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) has become an important alternative to E. coli or mammalian cell lines for the production of recombinant proteins. Easy handling, strong promoters, and high cell density cultivations as well as the capability of posttranslational modifications are some of the major benefits of this yeast. The high secretion capacity and low level of endogenously secreted proteins further promoted the rapid development of a versatile Pichia pastoris toolbox. This chapter reviews common and new "Pichia tools" and their specific features. Special focus is given to expression strains, such as different methanol utilization, protease-deficient or glycoengineered strains, combined with application highlights. Different promoters and signal sequences are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rinnofner
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Graz, Austria.
- Bisy GmbH, Hofstaetten/Raab, Austria.
| | - Michael Felber
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Pichler
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Graz, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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9
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Pekarsky A, Spadiut O. Dynamic Feeding for Pichia pastoris. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2513:243-254. [PMID: 35781209 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2399-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of certain strain-specific parameters of recombinant Pichia pastoris strains is required to be able to set up a feeding regime for fed-batch cultivations. These parameters are commonly determined either by time-consuming and labor-intensive continuous cultivations or by several, consecutive fed-batch cultivations. Here, we describe a fast method based on batch experiments with substrate pulses to extract certain strain characteristic parameters, which are required to set up a dynamic feeding strategy for P. pastoris strains based on the specific substrate uptake rate. We further describe in detail the course of actions, which have to be taken to obtain the desired dynamics during feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pekarsky
- Integrated Bioprocess Development, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Integrated Bioprocess Development, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria.
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Erden-Karaoğlan F, Karaoğlan M, Yılmaz G, Yılmaz S, İnan M. Deletion analysis of Pichia pastoris alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) promoter and development of synthetic promoters. Biotechnol J 2021; 17:e2100332. [PMID: 34870891 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) is a non-conventional Crabtree-negative yeast with the capability of reaching very high cell densities in a fed-batch fermentation process. The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes of P. pastoris involved in ethanol metabolism were identified and were previously characterized. This work aimed to extend current knowledge of the regulation of the ADH2 promoter. To this end, we first determined the upstream activator (UAS) and repressor (URS) sequences of the promoter by deletion assays. Two upstream activator sites have been identified, positioned between -900 and -801 bp, and -284 and -108 bp upstream of the ADH2 transcription start site. The sequences positioned between -361 and -262 bp had a negative effect on the promoter activity and designated a repressor sequence (URS). We then demonstrated that Mxr1 (methanol expression regulator 1) transcription factor activates the ADH2 promoter through the direct interaction with UAS regions in response to ethanol. Furthermore, five different synthetic promoters were constructed by adding or deleting the regulatory sites. These synthetic promoters were tested for extracellular xylanase production at shake flask level by inducing with ethanol. These promoter variants improved the xylanase production ranging between 165% and 200% of the native promoter. The synthetic promoter 5 (SNT5) that displayed the highest activity was further evaluated at the fermenter scale. The modification in the promoter features might have several implications for industrial processes where decoupling the cell growth and product formation is advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidan Erden-Karaoğlan
- Department of Food Engineering, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey.,Department of Food Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mert Karaoğlan
- Department of Food Engineering, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey.,Department of Food Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Yılmaz
- Department of Food Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet İnan
- Department of Food Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.,İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, İzmir, Turkey
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11
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Kulagina N, Besseau S, Godon C, Goldman GH, Papon N, Courdavault V. Yeasts as Biopharmaceutical Production Platforms. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:733492. [PMID: 37744146 PMCID: PMC10512354 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.733492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalja Kulagina
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, France
| | - Charlotte Godon
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Angers, France
| | - Gustavo H. Goldman
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Angers, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, France
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12
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Anand SP, Ding S, Tolbert WD, Prévost J, Richard J, Gil HM, Gendron-Lepage G, Cheung WF, Wang H, Pastora R, Saxena H, Wakarchuk W, Medjahed H, Wines BD, Hogarth M, Shaw GM, Martin MA, Burton DR, Hangartner L, Evans DT, Pazgier M, Cossar D, McLean MD, Finzi A. Enhanced Ability of Plant-Derived PGT121 Glycovariants To Eliminate HIV-1-Infected Cells. J Virol 2021; 95:e0079621. [PMID: 34232070 PMCID: PMC8387047 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00796-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting HIV-1 depends on pleiotropic functions, including viral neutralization and the elimination of HIV-1-infected cells. Several in vivo studies have suggested that passive administration of bNAbs represents a valuable strategy for the prevention or treatment of HIV-1. In addition, different strategies are currently being tested to scale up the production of bNAbs to obtain the large quantities of antibodies required for clinical trials. Production of antibodies in plants permits low-cost and large-scale production of valuable therapeutics; furthermore, pertinent to this work, it also includes an advanced glycoengineering platform. In this study, we used Nicotiana benthamiana to produce different Fc-glycovariants of a potent bNAb, PGT121, with near-homogeneous profiles and evaluated their antiviral activities. Structural analyses identified a close similarity in overall structure and glycosylation patterns of Fc regions for these plant-derived Abs and mammalian cell-derived Abs. When tested for Fc-effector activities, afucosylated PGT121 showed significantly enhanced FcγRIIIa interaction and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against primary HIV-1-infected cells, both in vitro and ex vivo. However, the overall galactosylation profiles of plant PGT121 did not affect ADCC activities against infected primary CD4+ T cells. Our results suggest that the abrogation of the Fc N-linked glycan fucosylation of PGT121 is a worthwhile strategy to boost its Fc-effector functionality. IMPORTANCE PGT121 is a highly potent bNAb and its antiviral activities for HIV-1 prevention and therapy are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. The importance of its Fc-effector functions in clearing HIV-1-infected cells is also under investigation. Our results highlight enhanced Fc-effector activities of afucosylated PGT121 MAbs that could be important in a therapeutic context to accelerate infected cell clearance and slow disease progression. Future studies to evaluate the potential of plant-produced afucosylated PGT121 in controlling HIV-1 replication in vivo are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - William D. Tolbert
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine of Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie, et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie, et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hwi Min Gil
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Hirak Saxena
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Warren Wakarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Bruce D. Wines
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - George M. Shaw
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Malcom A. Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lars Hangartner
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David T. Evans
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine of Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Doug Cossar
- PlantForm Corporation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie, et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Brady JR, Love JC. Alternative hosts as the missing link for equitable therapeutic protein production. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:404-407. [PMID: 33782611 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-00884-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Brady
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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14
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Alva TR, Riera M, Chartron JW. Translational landscape and protein biogenesis demands of the early secretory pathway in Komagataella phaffii. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:19. [PMID: 33472617 PMCID: PMC7816318 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eukaryotes use distinct networks of biogenesis factors to synthesize, fold, monitor, traffic, and secrete proteins. During heterologous expression, saturation of any of these networks may bottleneck titer and yield. To understand the flux through various routes into the early secretory pathway, we quantified the global and membrane-associated translatomes of Komagataella phaffii. Results By coupling Ribo-seq with long-read mRNA sequencing, we generated a new annotation of protein-encoding genes. By using Ribo-seq with subcellular fractionation, we quantified demands on co- and posttranslational translocation pathways. During exponential growth in rich media, protein components of the cell-wall represent the greatest number of nascent chains entering the ER. Transcripts encoding the transmembrane protein PMA1 sequester more ribosomes at the ER membrane than any others. Comparison to Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals conservation in the resources allocated by gene ontology, but variation in the diversity of gene products entering the secretory pathway. Conclusion A subset of host proteins, particularly cell-wall components, impose the greatest biosynthetic demands in the early secretory pathway. These proteins are potential targets in strain engineering aimed at alleviating bottlenecks during heterologous protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy R Alva
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 92521, United States of America.
| | - Melanie Riera
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 92521, United States of America
| | - Justin W Chartron
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 92521, United States of America.,Protabit LLC, 1010 E Union St Suite 110, Pasadena, California, 91106, United States of America
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15
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Lima GM, Effer B, Biasoto HP, Feijoli V, Pessoa A, Palmisano G, Monteiro G. Glycosylation of L-asparaginase from E. coli through yeast expression and site-directed mutagenesis. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Continuous fermentation of recombinant Pichia pastoris Mut+ producing HBsAg: Optimizing dilution rate and determining strain-specific parameters. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Kis Z, Papathanasiou M, Calvo‐Serrano R, Kontoravdi C, Shah N. A model‐based quantification of the impact of new manufacturing technologies on developing country vaccine supply chain performance: A Kenyan case study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/amp2.10025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Kis
- Center for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringImperial College London London UK
| | - Maria Papathanasiou
- Center for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringImperial College London London UK
| | - Raul Calvo‐Serrano
- Center for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringImperial College London London UK
| | - Cleo Kontoravdi
- Center for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringImperial College London London UK
| | - Nilay Shah
- Center for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringImperial College London London UK
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18
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Wang B, Nesbeth D, Keshavarz-Moore E. Sorbitol/methanol mixed induction reduces process impurities and improves centrifugal dewatering in Pichia pastoris culture. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 130:109366. [PMID: 31421726 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates how sorbitol/methanol mixed induction affects fermentation performance, dewatering characteristics of cells during harvesting and the profile of host cell proteins (HCP) in the process fluid when producing the target recombinant protein aprotinin. Compared to standard methanol induction, sorbitol/methanol (1:1, C-mol/C-mol) mixed induction improved cellular viability from 92.8 ± 0.3% to 97.7 ± 0.1% although resulted in a reduced product yield from 1.65 ± 0.03 g L-1 to 1.12 ± 0.07 g L-1. On the other hand, average oxygen consumption rate (OUR) dropped from 241.4 ± 21.3 mmol L-1 h-1 to 145.5 ± 6.7 mmol L-1 h-1. Cell diameter decreased over time in the mixed induction, resulting in a D50 value of 3.14 μm at harvest compared to 3.85 μm with methanol. The reduction in cell size enhanced the maximum dewatering efficiency from 78.1 ± 3.9% to 84.5 ± 3.3% as evaluated by using an established ultra scale-down methodology that models pilot and industrial scale disc stack centrifugation. Seventy host cell proteins (HCPs) were identified in clarified supernatant when using sorbitol/methanol mixed induction regimen. The total number of HCPs identified with standard methanol induction was nearly one hundred. The downstream process advantage of the mixed induction lies in improved product purity by reducing both cell mortality and level of released whole cell proteins. This needs to be balanced and optimised against the observed reduction in product yield during fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Wang
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, Bernard Katz Building, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Darren Nesbeth
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, Bernard Katz Building, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Eli Keshavarz-Moore
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, Bernard Katz Building, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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19
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Tackling Cancer with Yeast-Based Technologies. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:592-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Li S, Sun P, Gong X, Chang S, Li E, Xu Y, Wu J, Liu B. Engineering O-glycosylation in modified N-linked oligosaccharide (Man 12GlcNAc 2∼Man 16GlcNAc 2) Pichia pastoris strains. RSC Adv 2019; 9:8246-8252. [PMID: 35518704 PMCID: PMC9061240 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08121b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast have been engineered for the production of therapeutic glycoproteins with humanized N-linked oligosaccharides. Both N- and O-linked oligosaccharides engineered yeast have been attractive prospects, since yeast-specific O-mannosylated proteins were reported to induce an aberrant immune response and alter pharmacokinetics in vivo. In the present study, we genetically manipulated O-glycosylation by disrupting O-mannosyltransferase PMT1 and PMT5 in a low-mannose type N-linked oligosaccharide (Man12GlcNAc2∼Man16GlcNAc2) engineered Pichia pastoris strain to produce therapeutic glycoproteins. The O-mannosyltransferase PMT1 mutant produces anti-Her-2 antibodies with reduced O-linked oligosaccharides and protein degradation, but this strain exhibited growth defects. However, the deletion of O-mannosyltransferase PMT5 individually has a minimal effect on O-glycosylation, degradation of the anti-Her-2 antibody, and strain growth. Thus, by disrupting O-mannosyltransferase PMT1 in an N-glycosylation engineered Pichia pastoris strain, we generated an effective glycoengineered Pichia pastoris strain to effectively produce therapeutic glycoproteins with both engineered N- and O-linked oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiang Li
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing 100071 China +861063833521
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University Zhumadian 463000 China
| | - Peng Sun
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing 100071 China +861063833521
| | - Xin Gong
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing 100071 China +861063833521
| | - Shaohong Chang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing 100071 China +861063833521
| | - Enzhong Li
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University Zhumadian 463000 China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University Zhumadian 463000 China
| | - Jun Wu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing 100071 China +861063833521
| | - Bo Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing 100071 China +861063833521
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21
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Kis Z, Shattock R, Shah N, Kontoravdi C. Emerging Technologies for Low-Cost, Rapid Vaccine Manufacture. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800376. [PMID: 30537361 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To stop the spread of future epidemics and meet infant vaccination demands in low- and middle-income countries, flexible, rapid and low-cost vaccine development and manufacturing technologies are required. Vaccine development platform technologies that can produce a wide range of vaccines are emerging, including: a) humanized, high-yield yeast recombinant protein vaccines; b) insect cell-baculovirus ADDomer vaccines; c) Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) vaccines; d) RNA vaccines. Herein, existing and future platforms are assessed in terms of addressing challenges of scale, cost, and responsiveness. To assess the risk and feasibility of the four emerging platforms, the following six metrics are applied: 1) technology readiness; 2) technological complexity; 3) ease of scale-up; 4) flexibility for the manufacturing of a wide range of vaccines; 5) thermostability of the vaccine product at tropical ambient temperatures; and 6) speed of response from threat identification to vaccine deployment. The assessment indicated that technologies in the order of increasing feasibility and decreasing risk are the yeast platform, ADDomer platform, followed by RNA and GMMA platforms. The comparative strengths and weaknesses of each technology are discussed in detail, illustrating the associated development and manufacturing needs and priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Kis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robin Shattock
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nilay Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cleo Kontoravdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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22
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Glycoengineering of antibody (Herceptin) through yeast expression and in vitro enzymatic glycosylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:720-725. [PMID: 29311294 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718172115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been developed as therapeutics, especially for the treatment of cancer, inflammation, and infectious diseases. Because the glycosylation of mAbs in the Fc region influences their interaction with effector cells that kill antibody-targeted cells, and the current method of antibody production is relatively expensive, efforts have been directed toward the development of alternative expressing systems capable of large-scale production of mAbs with desirable glycoforms. In this study, we demonstrate that the mAb trastuzumab expressed in glycoengineered P. pastoris can be remodeled through deglycosylation by endoglycosidases identified from the Carbohydrate Active Enzymes database and through transglycosylation using glycans with a stable leaving group to generate a homogeneous antibody designed to optimize the effector functions. The 10 newly identified recombinant bacterial endoglycosidases are complementary to existing endoglycosidases (EndoA, EndoH, EndoS), two of which can even accept sialylated tri- and tetraantennary glycans as substrates.
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23
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Abstract
The critical need for renewable, high-quality affinity reagents in biological research, as well as for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, has required the development of new platforms of discovery. Yeast display is one of the main methods of in vitro display technology with phage display. Yeast display has been chosen by numerous groups to refine both affinity and specificity of antibodies because it enables fine discrimination between mutant clones of similar affinity. In addition, the construction of display libraries of antibody fragments in yeast permits to sample the immune antibody repertoire more fully than using phage. This chapter gives an updated overview of the available systems of yeast display platforms and libraries, followed up by technical descriptions of selection methods of antibody fragments by yeast display.
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24
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Engineering of Yeast Glycoprotein Expression. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 175:93-135. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2018_69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Purcell O, Opdensteinen P, Chen W, Lowenhaupt K, Brown A, Hermann M, Cao J, Tenhaef N, Kallweit E, Kastilan R, Sinskey AJ, Perez-Pinera P, Buyel JF, Lu TK. Production of Functional Anti-Ebola Antibodies in Pichia pastoris. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:2183-2190. [PMID: 28786662 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The 2013-2016 Ebola outbreak highlighted the limited treatment options and lack of rapid response strategies for emerging pathogen outbreaks. Here, we propose an efficient development cycle using glycoengineered Pichia pastoris to produce monoclonal antibody cocktails against pathogens. To enable rapid genetic engineering of P. pastoris, we introduced a genomic landing pad for reliable recombinase-mediated DNA integration. We then created strains expressing each of the three monoclonal antibodies that comprise the ZMapp cocktail, and demonstrated that the secreted antibodies bind to the Ebola virus glycoprotein by immunofluorescence assay. We anticipate that this approach could accelerate the production of therapeutics against future pathogen outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Purcell
- Synthetic
Biology Center, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, Department of Biological Engineering, 500 Technology Square, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patrick Opdensteinen
- Department
of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraβe 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - William Chen
- Synthetic
Biology Center, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, Department of Biological Engineering, 500 Technology Square, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ky Lowenhaupt
- Synthetic
Biology Center, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, Department of Biological Engineering, 500 Technology Square, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander Brown
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mario Hermann
- Synthetic
Biology Center, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, Department of Biological Engineering, 500 Technology Square, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jicong Cao
- Synthetic
Biology Center, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, Department of Biological Engineering, 500 Technology Square, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Niklas Tenhaef
- Department
of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eric Kallweit
- Department
of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robin Kastilan
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraβe 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anthony J. Sinskey
- Department
of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Pablo Perez-Pinera
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Johannes F. Buyel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraβe 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute
for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg
1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Timothy K. Lu
- Synthetic
Biology Center, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, Department of Biological Engineering, 500 Technology Square, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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26
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Li X, Yang Y, Zhan C, Zhang Z, Liu X, Liu H, Bai Z. Transcriptional analysis of impacts of glycerol transporter 1 on methanol and glycerol metabolism in Pichia pastoris. FEMS Yeast Res 2017; 18:4582313. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fox081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yankun Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chunjun Zhan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenyang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hebin Liu
- Department of Biological Science, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
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Matthews CB, Kuo A, Love KR, Love JC. Development of a general defined medium for
Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:103-113. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B. Matthews
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts
| | - Angel Kuo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts
| | - Kerry R. Love
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts
| | - J. Christopher Love
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts
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Improvement of a fermentation process for the production of two PfAMA1-DiCo-based malaria vaccine candidates in Pichia pastoris. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11991. [PMID: 28931852 PMCID: PMC5607246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pichia pastoris is a simple and powerful expression platform that has the ability to produce a wide variety of recombinant proteins, ranging from simple peptides to complex membrane proteins. A well-established fermentation strategy is available comprising three main phases: a batch phase, followed by a glycerol fed-batch phase that increases cell density, and finally an induction phase for product expression using methanol as the inducer. We previously used this three-phase strategy at the 15-L scale to express three different AMA1-DiCo-based malaria vaccine candidates to develop a vaccine cocktail. For two candidates, we switched to a two-phase strategy lacking the intermediate glycerol fed-batch phase. The new strategy not only provided a more convenient process flow but also achieved 1.5-fold and 2.5-fold higher space-time yields for the two candidates, respectively, and simultaneously reduced the final cell mass by a factor of 1.3, thus simplifying solid–liquid separation. This strategy also reduced the quantity of host cell proteins that remained to be separated from the two vaccine candidates (by 34% and 13%, respectively), thus reducing the effort required in the subsequent purification steps. Taken together, our new fermentation strategy increased the overall fermentation performance for the production of two different AMA1-DiCo-based vaccine candidates.
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29
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Matthews CB, Wright C, Kuo A, Colant N, Westoby M, Love JC. Reexamining opportunities for therapeutic protein production in eukaryotic microorganisms. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2432-2444. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B. Matthews
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts
| | | | - Angel Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Noelle Colant
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts
| | | | - J. Christopher Love
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts
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Cultivation of Pichia pastoris carrying the scFv anti LDL (-) antibody fragment. Effect of preculture carbon source. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 48:419-426. [PMID: 28237678 PMCID: PMC5498413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies and antibody fragments are nowadays among the most important biotechnological products, and Pichia pastoris is one of the most important vectors to produce them as well as other recombinant proteins. The conditions to effectively cultivate a P. pastoris strain previously genetically modified to produce the single-chain variable fragment anti low density lipoprotein (−) under the control of the alcohol oxidase promoter have been investigated in this study. In particular, it was evaluated if, and eventually how, the carbon source (glucose or glycerol) used in the preculture preceding cryopreservation in 20% glycerol influences both cell and antibody fragment productions either in flasks or in bioreactor. Although in flasks the volumetric productivity of the antibody fragment secreted by cells precultured, cryopreserved and reactivated in glycerol was 42.9% higher compared with cells precultured in glucose, the use of glycerol in bioreactor led to a remarkable shortening of the lag phase, thereby increasing it by no less than thrice compared to flasks. These results are quite promising in comparison with those reported in the literature for possible future industrial applications of this cultivation, taking into account that the overall process time was reduced by around 8 h.
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Ayyar BV, Arora S, Ravi SS. Optimizing antibody expression: The nuts and bolts. Methods 2017; 116:51-62. [PMID: 28163103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are extensively utilized entities in biomedical research, and in the development of diagnostics and therapeutics. Many of these applications require high amounts of antibodies. However, meeting this ever-increasing demand of antibodies in the global market is one of the outstanding challenges. The need to maintain a balance between demand and supply of antibodies has led the researchers to discover better means and methods for optimizing their expression. These strategies aim to increase the volumetric productivity of the antibodies along with the reduction of associated manufacturing costs. Recent years have witnessed major advances in recombinant protein technology, owing to the introduction of novel cloning strategies, gene manipulation techniques, and an array of cell and vector engineering techniques, together with the progress in fermentation technologies. These innovations were also highly beneficial for antibody expression. Antibody expression depends upon the complex interplay of multiple factors that may require fine tuning at diverse levels to achieve maximum yields. However, each antibody is unique and requires individual consideration and customization for optimizing the associated expression parameters. This review provides a comprehensive overview of several state-of-the-art approaches, such as host selection, strain engineering, codon optimization, gene optimization, vector modification and process optimization that are deemed suitable for enhancing antibody expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vijayalakshmi Ayyar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sushrut Arora
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Shiva Shankar Ravi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Khan AH, Bayat H, Rajabibazl M, Sabri S, Rahimpour A. Humanizing glycosylation pathways in eukaryotic expression systems. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 33:4. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Klymenko OV, Shah N, Kontoravdi C, Royle KE, Polizzi KM. Designing an Artificial Golgi reactor to achieve targeted glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies. AIChE J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksiy V. Klymenko
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, and Centre for Process Systems EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZ U.K
| | - Nilay Shah
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, and Centre for Process Systems EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZ U.K
| | - Cleo Kontoravdi
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, and Centre for Process Systems EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZ U.K
| | - Kate E. Royle
- Dept. of Life Sciences and Centre for Synthetic Biology and InnovationImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZ U.K
| | - Karen M. Polizzi
- Dept. of Life Sciences and Centre for Synthetic Biology and InnovationImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZ U.K
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Comparison of ADH3 promoter with commonly used promoters for recombinant protein production in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 121:112-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liu WC, Gong T, Wang QH, Liang X, Chen JJ, Zhu P. Scaling-up Fermentation of Pichia pastoris to demonstration-scale using new methanol-feeding strategy and increased air pressure instead of pure oxygen supplement. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18439. [PMID: 26790977 PMCID: PMC4726300 DOI: 10.1038/srep18439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaling-up of high-cell-density fermentation (HCDF) of Pichia pastoris from the lab or pilot scale to the demonstration scale possesses great significance because the latter is the final technological hurdle in the decision to go commercial. However, related investigations have rarely been reported. In this paper, we study the scaling-up processes of a recombinant P. pastoris from the pilot (10 to 100-L) to the demonstration (1,000-L) scales, which can be used to convert 7-β-xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol into 10-deacetyltaxol by the β-xylosidase for semi-synthesis of Taxol. We demonstrated that a pure oxygen supplement can be omitted from the HCDF if the super atmospheric pressure was increased from 0.05 to 0.10 ± 0.05 MPa, and we developed a new methanol feeding biomass-stat strategy (0.035 mL/g/h) with 1% dissolved oxygen and 100 g/L initial induction biomass (dry cell weight). The scaling-up was reproducible, and the best results were obtained from the 1,000-L scale, featuring a shorter induction time and the highest enzyme activities and productions, respectively. The specific growth and specific production rates were also determined. This study lays a solid foundation for the commercial preparation of 10-deacetyltaxol through the recombinant yeast. It also provides a successful paradigm for scaling-up HCDF of P. pastoris to the demonstration scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Cang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Ting Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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Challenges to production of antibodies in bacteria and yeast. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:483-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Looser V, Bruhlmann B, Bumbak F, Stenger C, Costa M, Camattari A, Fotiadis D, Kovar K. Cultivation strategies to enhance productivity of Pichia pastoris: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1177-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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De Meyer T, Laukens B, Nolf J, Van Lerberge E, De Rycke R, De Beuckelaer A, De Buck S, Callewaert N, Depicker A. Comparison of VHH-Fc antibody production in Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana benthamiana and Pichia pastoris. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:938-47. [PMID: 25641071 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
VHHs or nanobodies are widely acknowledged as interesting diagnostic and therapeutic tools. However, for some applications, multivalent antibody formats, such as the dimeric VHH-Fc format, are desired to increase the functional affinity. The scope of this study was to compare transient expression of diagnostic VHH-Fc antibodies in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves with their stable expression in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds and Pichia pastoris. To this end, VHH-Fc antibodies targeting green fluorescent protein or the A. thaliana seed storage proteins (albumin and globulin) were produced in the three platforms. Differences were mainly observed in the accumulation levels and glycosylation patterns. Interestingly, although in plants oligomannosidic N-glycans were expected for KDEL-tagged VHH-Fcs, several VHH-Fcs with an intact KDEL-tag carried complex-type N-glycans, suggesting a dysfunctional retention in the endoplasmic reticulum. All VHH-Fcs were equally functional across expression platforms and several outperformed their corresponding VHH in terms of sensitivity in ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas De Meyer
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Bram Laukens
- Department of Medical Protein Research, Unit for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jonah Nolf
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Els Van Lerberge
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Ans De Beuckelaer
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Sylvie De Buck
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, Unit for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Ann Depicker
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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Mozdzierz NJ, Love KR, Lee KS, Lee HLT, Shah KA, Ram RJ, Love JC. A perfusion-capable microfluidic bioreactor for assessing microbial heterologous protein production. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2918-22. [PMID: 26055071 PMCID: PMC4627644 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00443h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We present an integrated microfluidic bioreactor for fully continuous perfusion cultivation of suspended microbial cell cultures. This system allowed continuous and stable heterologous protein expression by sustaining the cultivation of Pichia pastoris over 11 days. This technical capability also allowed testing the impact of perfusion conditions on protein expression. This advance should enable small-scale models for process optimization in continuous biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Mozdzierz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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de Ruijter JC, Frey AD. Analysis of antibody production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: effects of ER protein quality control disruption. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9061-71. [PMID: 26184977 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the main limitations for heterologous protein production in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the protein-folding capacity in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Accumulation of unfolded proteins triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), which resolves the stress by increasing the capacity for protein folding and removal of unfolded proteins by the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) system. In order to analyze the influence of ERAD on production of a human IgG, we disrupted ERAD at different stages by deletion of the HTM1, YOS9, HRD1, HRD3, or UBC7 gene, with or without a disruption of the UPR by deletion of the IRE1 gene. All deletion strains were viable and did not exhibit a growth phenotype under normal growth conditions. Deletion of HTM1 resulted in a small increase in antibody production, whereas a small decrease in antibody production was observed in the Δhrd1, Δhrd3, and Δubc7 yeast strains, and a stronger decrease in the Δyos9 yeast strain. Deletion of the IRE1 gene had contrasting effects in the ERAD mutants, with a strongly decreased production in wild-type cells and partially reversed effects in combination with the Δhtm1 or the Δyos9 deletions. In order to study IgG clearance from the ER, an assay was developed using the inhibitory effect of glucose on the GAL1 promoter that is driving IgG expression. The Δyos9Δire1and Δhtm1Δire1 strains showed a delayed IgG clearance from the cells, showing that removal of components for the generation and recognition of the glycan signal needed for ERAD-mediated protein degradation might increase the IgG ER residence time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorg C de Ruijter
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Alexander D Frey
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
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Gomathinayagam S, Laface D, Houston-Cummings NR, Mangadu R, Moore R, Shandil I, Sharkey N, Li H, Stadheim TA, Zha D. In vivo anti-tumor efficacy of afucosylated anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris. J Biotechnol 2015; 208:13-21. [PMID: 26015261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has been successfully used for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas and is currently extended for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). New developments in MM therapeutics have achieved significant survival gains in patients but the disease still remains incurable. Elotuzumab (HuLuc63), an anti-CS1 monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is believed to induce anti-tumor activity and MM cytotoxicity through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and inhibition of MM cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Modulations of the Fc glycan composition at the N297 site by selective mutations or afucosylation have been explored as strategies to develop bio-better therapeutics with enhanced ADCC activity. Afucosylated therapeutic antibodies with enhanced ADCC activity have been reported to possess greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition at lower doses when compared to fucosylated therapeutic antibodies. The N-linked glycosylation pathway in Pichia pastoris has been engineered to produce human-like N-linked glycosylation with uniform afucosylated complex type glycans. The purpose of this study was to compare afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris with fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells through in vitro ADCC and in vivo tumor inhibition models. Our results indicate that Fc glycosylation is critical for in vivo efficacy and afucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris shows a better in vivo efficacy in tumor regression when compared to fucosylated anti-CS1 mAb expressed in HEK293 cells. Glycoengineered Pichia pastoris could provide an alternative platform for generating homogeneous afucosylated recombinant antibodies where Fc mediated immune effector function is important for efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Gomathinayagam
- GlycoFi Inc., A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Merck & Co Inc., 16 Cavendish Court, Lebanon, NH 03766, United States
| | - Drake Laface
- Biologics Discovery, Palo Alto, Merck Research Laboratories, 901 California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Nga Rewa Houston-Cummings
- GlycoFi Inc., A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Merck & Co Inc., 16 Cavendish Court, Lebanon, NH 03766, United States
| | - Ruban Mangadu
- Biologics Discovery, Palo Alto, Merck Research Laboratories, 901 California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Renee Moore
- GlycoFi Inc., A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Merck & Co Inc., 16 Cavendish Court, Lebanon, NH 03766, United States
| | - Ishaan Shandil
- GlycoFi Inc., A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Merck & Co Inc., 16 Cavendish Court, Lebanon, NH 03766, United States
| | - Nathan Sharkey
- GlycoFi Inc., A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Merck & Co Inc., 16 Cavendish Court, Lebanon, NH 03766, United States
| | - Huijuan Li
- GlycoFi Inc., A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Merck & Co Inc., 16 Cavendish Court, Lebanon, NH 03766, United States
| | - Terrance A Stadheim
- GlycoFi Inc., A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Merck & Co Inc., 16 Cavendish Court, Lebanon, NH 03766, United States
| | - Dongxing Zha
- GlycoFi Inc., A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Merck & Co Inc., 16 Cavendish Court, Lebanon, NH 03766, United States.
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Integrated development of up- and downstream processes supported by the Cherry-Tag™ for real-time tracking of stability and solubility of proteins. J Biotechnol 2015; 200:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kim S, d′Anjou M, Lanz KJ, Evans CE, Gibson ER, Olesberg JT, Mallem M, Shandil I, Nylen A, Koerperick EJ, Cooley DW, Brower GA, Small GW, Arnold MA. Real-time monitoring of glycerol and methanol to enhance antibody production in industrial Pichia pastoris bioprocesses. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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44
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Gmeiner C, Saadati A, Maresch D, Krasteva S, Frank M, Altmann F, Herwig C, Spadiut O. Development of a fed-batch process for a recombinant Pichia pastoris Δoch1 strain expressing a plant peroxidase. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:1. [PMID: 25567661 PMCID: PMC4335410 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-014-0183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pichia pastoris is a prominent host for recombinant protein production, amongst other things due to its capability of glycosylation. However, N-linked glycans on recombinant proteins get hypermannosylated, causing problems in subsequent unit operations and medical applications. Hypermannosylation is triggered by an α-1,6-mannosyltransferase called OCH1. In a recent study, we knocked out OCH1 in a recombinant P. pastoris CBS7435 MutS strain (Δoch1) expressing the biopharmaceutically relevant enzyme horseradish peroxidase. We characterized the strain in the controlled environment of a bioreactor in dynamic batch cultivations and identified the strain to be physiologically impaired. We faced cell cluster formation, cell lysis and uncontrollable foam formation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the 3 process parameters temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen concentration on 1) cell physiology, 2) cell morphology, 3) cell lysis, 4) productivity and 5) product purity of the recombinant Δoch1 strain in a multivariate manner. Cultivation at 30°C resulted in low specific methanol uptake during adaptation and the risk of methanol accumulation during cultivation. Cell cluster formation was a function of the C-source rather than process parameters and went along with cell lysis. In terms of productivity and product purity a temperature of 20°C was highly beneficial. In summary, we determined cultivation conditions for a recombinant P. pastoris Δoch1 strain allowing high productivity and product purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gmeiner
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Amirhossein Saadati
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stanimira Krasteva
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Manuela Frank
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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45
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Sibirny A, Madzak C, Fickers P. Genetic engineering of nonconventional yeasts for the production of valuable compounds. Microb Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1201/b17587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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46
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Abstract
Pichia pastoris is a widely used host organism for the recombinant production of proteins. It is attracting increasing interest for the production of biopharmaceuticals, due to its capability of performing posttranslational modifications. Traditionally, production processes with P. pastoris describe fed-batch processes based on feed forward regimes with a constant specific growth rate. However, this strategy does not consider physiological changes of the organism, bearing the risk of overfeeding and thus harming the cells. Recently, we introduced the specific substrate uptake rate as a novel physiological parameter to design fed-batch strategies for P. pastoris. We showed that by doing dynamic batch experiments strain specific parameters, which are needed to set up respective feeding profiles, can be easily determined. Furthermore we proved that dynamics during feeding directly affects productivity and product purity. Here, we sum up our findings regarding dynamics in bioprocess development for P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Spadiut
- a Vienna University of Technology; Institute of Chemical Engineering ; Research Area Biochemical Engineering ; Vienna , Austria
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47
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Inactivation of a GAL4-like transcription factor improves cell fitness and product yield in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 81:260-71. [PMID: 25344235 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02619-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With a completely reengineered and humanized glycosylation pathway, glycoengineered Pichia pastoris has emerged as a promising production host for the manufacture of therapeutic glycoproteins. However, the extensive genetic modifications have also negatively affected the overall fitness levels of the glycoengineered host cells. To make glycoengineered Pichia strains more compatible with a scalable industrial fermentation process, we sought to identify genetic solutions to broadly improve cell robustness during fermentation. In this study, we report that mutations within the Pichia pastoris ATT1 (PpATT1) gene (a homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL4 [ScGAL4] transcriptional activator) dramatically increased the cellular fitness levels of glycoengineered Pichia strains. We demonstrate that deletion of the PpATT1 gene enabled glycoengineered Pichia strains to improve their thermal tolerance levels, reduce their cell lysis defects, and greatly improve fermentation robustness. The extension of the duration of fermentation enabled the PpATT1-modified glycoengineered Pichia strains to increase their product yields significantly without any sacrifice in product quality. Because the ATT1 gene could be deleted from any Pichia strains, including empty hosts and protein-expressing production strains alike, we suggest that the findings described in this study are broadly applicable to any Pichia strains used for the production of therapeutic proteins, including monoclonal antibodies, Fc fusions, peptides, hormones, and growth factors.
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Blanco-Toribio A, Lacadena J, Nuñez-Prado N, Álvarez-Cienfuegos A, Villate M, Compte M, Sanz L, Blanco FJ, Álvarez-Vallina L. Efficient production of single-chain fragment variable-based N-terminal trimerbodies in Pichia pastoris. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:116. [PMID: 25112455 PMCID: PMC4249718 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-014-0116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recombinant antibodies are highly successful in many different pathological conditions and currently enjoy overwhelming recognition of their potential. There are a wide variety of protein expression systems available, but almost all therapeutic antibodies are produced in mammalian cell lines, which mimic human glycosylation. The production of clinical-grade antibodies in mammalian cells is, however, extremely expensive. Compared to mammalian systems, protein production in yeast strains such as Pichia pastoris, is simpler, faster and usually results in higher yields. Results In this work, a trivalent single-chain fragment variable (scFv)-based N-terminal trimerbody, specific for the human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), was expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and in Pichia pastoris. Mammalian- and yeast-produced anti-CEA trimerbody molecules display similar functional and structural properties, yet, the yield of trimerbody expressed in P. pastoris is about 20-fold higher than in human cells. Conclusions P. pastoris is an efficient expression system for multivalent trimerbody molecules, suitable for their commercial production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-014-0116-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Ju MS, Jung ST. Aglycosylated full-length IgG antibodies: steps toward next-generation immunotherapeutics. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 30:128-39. [PMID: 25035939 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Albeit the removal of Asn297 glycans of IgG perturbs the overall conformation and flexibility of the IgG CH2 domain, resulting in the loss of Fc-ligand interactions and therapeutically critical immune effector functions, aglycosylated full-length IgG antibodies are nearly identical to the glycosylated counterparts in terms of antigen binding, stability at physiological or low temperature conditions, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution. To bypass the drawbacks of glycosylated antibodies that include glycan heterogeneity and requirement of high capital investment for biomanufacturing, aglycosylated antibodies have been developed and several are under clinical trials. Comprehensive cellular and bioprocess engineering has enabled to produce highly complex aglycosylated IgGs in a simple bacterial cultivation with comparable production level as that of mammalian cells. Moreover, extensive engineering of aglycosylated Fc has converted the aglycosylated IgG antibodies into a new class of effector functional human immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Seok Ju
- Department of Bio and Nano Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Taek Jung
- Department of Bio and Nano Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Meehl MA, Stadheim TA. Biopharmaceutical discovery and production in yeast. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 30:120-7. [PMID: 25014890 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The selection of an expression platform for recombinant biopharmaceuticals is often centered upon suitable product titers and critical quality attributes, including post-translational modifications. Although notable differences between microbial, yeast, plant, and mammalian host systems exist, recent advances have greatly mitigated any inherent liabilities of yeasts. Yeast expression platforms are important to both the supply of marketed biopharmaceuticals and the pipelines of novel therapeutics. In this review, recent advances in yeast-based expression of biopharmaceuticals will be discussed. The advantages of using glycoengineered yeast as a production host and in the discovery space will be illustrated. These advancements, in turn, are transforming yeast platforms from simple production systems to key technological assets in the discovery and selection of biopharmaceutical lead candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Meehl
- GlycoFi, Biologics Research, Merck & Co., Inc., 16 Cavendish Court, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Terrance A Stadheim
- GlycoFi, Biologics Research, Merck & Co., Inc., 16 Cavendish Court, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA.
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