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Moussa M, Chowdhury MR, Mwin D, Fatih M, Selveraj G, Abdelmonem A, Farghaly M, Dou Q, Filipczak N, Levchenko T, Torchilin VP, Boussiotis V, Goldberg SN, Ahmed M. Combined thermal ablation and liposomal granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulation factor increases immune cell trafficking in a small animal tumor model. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293141. [PMID: 37883367 PMCID: PMC10602257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize intratumoral immune cell trafficking in ablated and synchronous tumors following combined radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and systemic liposomal granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulation factor (lip-GM-CSF). METHODS Phase I, 72 rats with single subcutaneous R3230 adenocarcinoma were randomized to 6 groups: a) sham; b&c) free or liposomal GM-CSF alone; d) RFA alone; or e&f) combined with blank liposomes or lip-GM-CSF. Animals were sacrificed 3 and 7 days post-RFA. Outcomes included immunohistochemistry of dendritic cells (DCs), M1 and M2 macrophages, T-helper cells (Th1) (CD4+), cytotoxic T- lymphocytes (CTL) (CD8+), T-regulator cells (T-reg) (FoxP3+) and Fas Ligand activated CTLs (Fas-L+) in the periablational rim and untreated index tumor. M1/M2, CD4+/CD8+ and CD8+/FoxP3+ ratios were calculated. Phase II, 40 rats with double tumors were randomized to 4 groups: a) sham, b) RFA, c) RFA-BL and d) RFA-lip-GM-CSF. Synchronous untreated tumors collected at 7d were analyzed similarly. RESULTS RFA-lip-GMCSF increased periablational M1, CTL and CD8+/FoxP3+ ratio at 3 and 7d, and activated CTLs 7d post-RFA (p<0.05). RFA-lip-GMSCF also increased M2, T-reg, and reduced CD4+/CD8+ 3 and 7d post-RFA respectively (p<0.05). In untreated index tumor, RFA-lip-GMCSF improved DCs, M1, CTLs and activated CTL 7d post-RFA (p<0.05). Furthermore, RFA-lip-GMSCF increased M2 at 3 and 7d, and T-reg 7d post-RFA (p<0.05). In synchronous tumors, RFA-BL and RFA-lip-GM-CSF improved DC, Th1 and CTL infiltration 7d post-RFA. CONCLUSION Systemic liposomal GM-CSF combined with RFA improves intratumoral immune cell trafficking, specifically populations initiating (DC, M1) and executing (CTL, FasL+) anti-tumor immunity. Moreover, liposomes influence synchronous untreated metastases increasing Th1, CTL and DCs infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Moussa
- The Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Md. Raihan Chowdhury
- The Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David Mwin
- The Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Fatih
- The Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gokul Selveraj
- The Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ahmed Abdelmonem
- The Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Farghaly
- The Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Qianhui Dou
- The Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nina Filipczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tatyana Levchenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vladimir P. Torchilin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vassiliki Boussiotis
- Department of Hemotolgy and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - S. Nahum Goldberg
- The Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Muneeb Ahmed
- The Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Markezana A, Goldberg SN, Kumar G, Zorde-Khvalevsky E, Gourevtich S, Rozenblum N, Galun E, Ahmed M. Incomplete thermal ablation of tumors promotes increased tumorigenesis. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 38:263-272. [PMID: 33612046 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2021.1887942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE While systemic tumor-stimulating effects can occur following ablation of normal liver linked to the IL-6/HGF/VEGF cytokinetic pathway, the potential for tumor cells themselves to produce these unwanted effects is currently unknown. Here, we study whether partially treated tumors induce increased tumor growth post-radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA). METHODS Tumor growth was measured in three immunocompetent, syngeneic tumor models following partial RFA of the target tumor (in subcutaneous CT26 and MC38 mouse colorectal adenocarcinoma, N = 14 each); and in a distant untreated tumor following partial RFA of target subcutaneous R3230 rat breast adenocarcinoma (N = 12). Tumor cell proliferation (ki-67) and microvascular density (CD34) was assessed. In R3230 tumors, in vivo mechanism of action was assessed following partial RFA by measuring IL-6, HGF, and VEGF expression (ELISA) and c-Met protein (Western blot). Finally, RFA was performed in R3230 tumors with adjuvant c-Met kinase inhibitor or VEGF receptor inhibitor (at 3 days post-RFA, N = 3/arm, total N = 12). RESULTS RFA stimulated tumor growth in vivo in residual, incompletely treated surrounding CT26 and MC38 tumor at 3-6 days (p < 0.01). In R3230, RFA increased tumor growth in distant tumor 7 days post treatment compared to controls (p < 0.001). For all models, Ki-67 and CD34 were elevated (p < 0.01, all comparisons). IL-6, HGF, and VEGF were also upregulated post incomplete tumor RFA (p < 0.01). These markers were suppressed to baseline levels with adjuvant c-MET kinase or VEGF receptor inhibition. CONCLUSION Incomplete RFA of a target tumor can sufficiently stimulate residual tumor cells to induce accelerated growth of distant tumors via the IL-6/c-Met/HGF pathway and VEGF production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Markezana
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Nahum Goldberg
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.,Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elina Zorde-Khvalevsky
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Svetlana Gourevtich
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nir Rozenblum
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eithan Galun
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Muneeb Ahmed
- Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Goodwin JS, Tsai LL, Mwin D, Coutinho de Souza P, Dialani S, Moon JT, Zhang Z, Grant AK, Ahmed M. In vivo detection of distal tumor glycolytic flux stimulated by hepatic ablation in a breast cancer model using hyperpolarized 13C MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 80:90-97. [PMID: 33901585 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatic thermal ablation therapy can result in c-Met-mediated off-target stimulation of distal tumor growth. The purpose of this study was to determine if a similar effect on tumor metabolism could be detected in vivo with hyperpolarized 13C MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective study, female Fisher rats (n = 28, 120-150 g) were implanted with R3230 rat breast adenocarcinoma cells and assigned to either: sham surgery, hepatic radiofrequency ablation (RFA), or hepatic RFA + adjuvant c-Met inhibition with PHA-665752 (RFA + PHA). PHA-665752 was administered at 0.83 mg/kg at 24 h post-RFA. Tumor growth was measured daily. MRI was performed 24 h before and 72 h after treatment on 14 rats, and the conversion of 13C-pyruvate into 13C-lactate within each tumor was quantified as lactate:pyruvate ratio (LPR). Comparisons of tumor growth and LPR were performed using paired and unpaired t-tests. RESULTS Hepatic RFA alone resulted in increased growth of the distant tumor compared to sham treatment (0.50 ± 0.13 mm/day versus 0.11 ± 0.07 mm/day; p < 0.001), whereas RFA + PHA (0.06 ± 0.13 mm/day) resulted in no significant change from sham treatment (p = 0.28). A significant increase in LPR was seen following hepatic RFA (+0.016 ± 0.010, p = 0.02), while LPR was unchanged for sham treatment (-0.048 ± 0.051, p = 0.10) or RFA + PHA (0.003 ± 0.041, p = 0.90). CONCLUSION In vivo hyperpolarized 13C MRI can detect hepatic RFA-induced increase in lactate flux within a distant R3230 tumor, which correlates with increased tumor growth. Adjuvant inhibition of c-Met suppresses these off-target effects, supporting a role for the HGF/c-Met signaling axis in these tumorigenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scott Goodwin
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; UT Austin Dell Medical School Transitional Program, 1400 IH-35, CEC 2.404, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Leo L Tsai
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - David Mwin
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Patricia Coutinho de Souza
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Genmab, 777 Scudders Mill Rd, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA
| | - Svayam Dialani
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Northwestern University, 2145 Ridge Ave, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - John T Moon
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Interventional Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University Hospital, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aaron K Grant
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Muneeb Ahmed
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Das SS, Hussain A, Verma PRP, Imam SS, Altamimi MA, Alshehri S, Singh SK. Recent Advances in Liposomal Drug Delivery System of Quercetin for Cancer Targeting: A Mechanistic Approach. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 17:845-860. [PMID: 32294036 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200415112657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin (QT, 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone), is a natural flavonoid with nutritional value and acts as a potential free-radical scavenger (antioxidant). QT has also been explored for its anti-cancer as well as anti-proliferative activities against numerous cancerous cells. Moreover, QT exhibits significant pro-apoptotic activity against tumor cells and is well established to control the growth of different carcinoma cells at various phases of the cell cycle. Hence, it can reduce the burden of human solid cancer and metastasis. Both these activities have been established in a diverse class of human cell lines in-vitro as well as in animal models (in-vivo). Apart from the promising therapeutic activities of QT molecule, their applications have been limited due to some major concerns, including low oral bioavailability and poor aqueous solubility. Also, rapid gastrointestinal digestion of QT seems to be a key barrier for its clinical translations for oral drug delivery in conventional dosage form. Henceforth, to overcome these drawbacks, QT is loaded with liposomal systems, which exhibit promising outcomes in the upregulation of QT by the epithelial system and also improved its targeting at the site of action. Furthermore, Liposomes based Drug Delivery Systems (LDDS) have showed significant therapeutic activity with conjugated drug moiety and exhibit safety, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mitigated toxicity despite having certain limitations associated with physiological and biological barriers. Herein, in this review, we have focused on the mechanism related with the chemotherapeutic activity of QT and also discussed the promising activity of QT-loaded LDDS as a potent chemotherapeutic agent for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabya S Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra- 835215 Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Priya R Prasad Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra- 835215 Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Syed S Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Pharmacy, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra- 835215 Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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Zhai HY, Zhou QF, Dou JP, Liu FY, Zhu XY, Yu J, Liang P. Hepatic Microwave Ablation-Induced Tumor Destruction and Animal End Point Survival Can Be Improved by Suppression of Heat Shock Protein 90. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2020; 39:1223-1232. [PMID: 31880357 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) modulation on tumor necrosis, apoptosis, tumor growth delay, and end point survival by combining microwave ablation (MWA) with an HSP90 inhibitor in a nude mouse model. METHODS This study was approved by the Ethics Committee. Forty mice with HepG2 subcutaneous xenograft tumors (10 ± 1 mm) were randomized into 4 groups: (1) no treatment, (2) MWA only, (3) the HSP90 inhibitor ganetespib only, and (4) ganetespib combined with MWA. Tumors were harvested 24 hours after treatment, and gross coagulation diameters were measured. The effect of ganetespib on HSP90 and caspase 3 expression in the periablational rim was assessed. Another 40 mice with the same tumors and groupings were observed after treatment. Tumor growth curve and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed with a tumor diameter of 2.2 cm and 40 days of survival as the defined survival end points. RESULTS Combination treatment significantly increased the coagulation size compared to tumors treated with MWA or ganetespib alone (P < 0.05). The combination of MWA and ganetespib decreased HSP90 expression and increased cleaved caspase 3 expression 24 hours after treatment. Compared with MWA or ganetespib only, combination treatment could lengthen the end point survival and reduce the tumor growth rate. CONCLUSIONS Modulation of HSP production can improve MWA-induced tumor apoptosis and destruction, reduce residual tumor growth rates, and prolong end point survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Zhai
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qun-Fang Zhou
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Dou
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Yi Liu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Zhu
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wu S, Zhang D, Yu J, Dou J, Li X, Mu M, Liang P. Chemotherapeutic Nanoparticle-Based Liposomes Enhance the Efficiency of Mild Microwave Ablation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:85. [PMID: 32174827 PMCID: PMC7054279 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of death from cancer, and the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate for HCC remains unsatisfying worldwide. Microwave ablation (MWA) is a minimally invasive therapy that has made progress in treating HCC. However, HCC recurrence remains problematic. Therefore, combination therapy may offer better outcomes and enhance MWA efficiency through improved tumor control. We have developed doxorubicin-loaded liposomes (DNPs) as an efficient nanoplatform to enhance MWA of hepatocellular carcinoma even at the mild ablation condition. In this study, we demonstrated that the uptake of DNPs by HCC cells was increased 1.5-fold compared with that of free DOX. Enhanced synergism was observed in the combination of DNPs and MWA, which induced nearly 80% cell death. The combination of mild MWA and DNPs enhanced the ablation efficiency of HCC with significant inhibition of liver tumors and accounted for the longest survival rate among all groups. A much higher accumulation of the DNPs was observed in the transitional zone than in the ablation zone. No apparent systemic toxicity was observed for any of the treatments after 14 days. The present work demonstrates that DNPs combined with MWA could be a promising nanoparticle-based therapeutic approach for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and shows potential for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Wu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Ultrasonography, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongyun Zhang
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Dou
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjuan Mu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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7
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Zhou Q, Wang K, Dou J, Cao F, Liu F, Yuan H, Mu M, Xu J, Zhang D, Li X, Tian J, Yu J, Liang P. Theranostic liposomes as nanodelivered chemotherapeutics enhanced the microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2151-2167. [PMID: 31411535 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to develop indocyanine green- and doxorubicin-loaded liposomes (DILPs) as theranostic nanoplatform for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and as an efficient chemotherapeutic to enhance microwave ablation. Materials & methods: DILPs were synthesized and thoroughly characterized. Biocompatibility, tumor uptake and accumulation, and synergistic ablation-chemotherapeutic efficiency were systematically explored in them. In addition, human HCC surgical samples were used to test the affinity of DILPs for HCC. Results: The combination of microwave ablation and DILPs enhanced the ablation efficiency of HCC with apparent tumor inhibition. DILPs exhibited excellent diagnostic ability and could detect 2.5-mm HCC lesions via optoacoustic tomography imaging. DILPs had better affinity for human HCC surgical samples compared with normal liver tissue. Conclusion: Theranostic DILPs could serve as promising nanoparticles for treatment and management of HCC in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfang Zhou
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Jianping Dou
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Fengyong Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Hongjun Yuan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Mengjuan Mu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Jinshun Xu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Dongyun Zhang
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China
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Degrauwe N, Hocquelet A, Digklia A, Schaefer N, Denys A, Duran R. Theranostics in Interventional Oncology: Versatile Carriers for Diagnosis and Targeted Image-Guided Minimally Invasive Procedures. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:450. [PMID: 31143114 PMCID: PMC6521126 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We are continuously progressing in our understanding of cancer and other diseases and learned how they can be heterogeneous among patients. Therefore, there is an increasing need for accurate characterization of diseases at the molecular level. In parallel, medical imaging and image-guided therapies are rapidly developing fields with new interventions and procedures entering constantly in clinical practice. Theranostics, a relatively new branch of medicine, refers to procedures combining diagnosis and treatment, often based on patient and disease-specific features or molecular markers. Interventional oncology which is at the convergence point of diagnosis and treatment employs several methods related to theranostics to provide minimally invasive procedures tailored to the patient characteristics. The aim is to develop more personalized procedures able to identify cancer cells, selectively reach and treat them, and to assess drug delivery and uptake in real-time in order to perform adjustments in the treatment being delivered based on obtained procedure feedback and ultimately predict response. Here, we review several interventional oncology procedures referring to the field of theranostics, and describe innovative methods that are under development as well as future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Degrauwe
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Hocquelet
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Digklia
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus Schaefer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alban Denys
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Duran
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Ahmed M, Kumar G, Gourevitch S, Levchenko T, Galun E, Torchilin V, Goldberg SN. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)-induced systemic tumor growth can be reduced by suppression of resultant heat shock proteins. Int J Hyperthermia 2018; 34:934-942. [PMID: 29631466 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2018.1462535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the role of hepatic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) heating parameters and their activation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in modulating distant tumor growth. METHODS AND MATERIALS First, to study the effects of RFA dose on distant tumor growth, rats with subcutaneous R3230 adenocarcinoma (10 ± 1 mm) were assigned to 3 different hepatic RF doses (60 °C × 10 min, 70 °C × 5 min or 90 °C × 2 min) that induced identical sized ablation or sham (n = 6/arm). Post-RFA tumor growth rates, cellular proliferation (Ki-67) and microvascular density (MVD) were compared at 7d. Next, the effect of low and high power doses on local HSP70 expression and cellular infiltration (α-SMA + myofibroblasts and CD68 + macrophages), cytokine (IL-6) and growth factor (HGF and VEGF) expression was assessed. Finally, 60 °C × 10 min and 90 °C × 2 min RFA were combined with anti-HSP micellar quercetin (MicQ, 2 mg/ml). A total of 150 animals were used. RESULTS Lower RF heating (70 °C × 5 min and 60 °C × 10 min) resulted in larger distant tumors at 7d (19.2 ± 0.8 mm for both) while higher RF heating (90 °C × 2) led to less distant tumor growth (16.7 ± 1.5 mm, p < .01 for both), though increased over sham (13.5 ± 0.5 mm, p < .01). Ki-67 and MVD correlated with tumor growth (p < .01 for all). Additionally, lower dose 60 °C × 10 min hepatic RFA had more periablational HSP70 compared to 90 °C × 2 min (rim: 1.106 ± 163 µm vs. 360 ± 18 µm, p < .001), with similar trends for periablational α-SMA, CD68 and CDC47 (p < .01 for all). Anti-HSP70 MicQ blocked distant tumor growth for lower dose (60 °C × 10: RF/MicQ 14.6 ± 0.4 mm vs. RF alone: 18.1 ± 0.4 mm, p < .01) and higher dose RFA (90 °C × 2 min: RF/MicQ 14.6 ± 0.5 mm vs. RF alone: 16.4 ± 0.7 mm, p < .01). CONCLUSION Hepatic RF heating parameters alter periablational HSP70, which can influence and stimulate distant tumor growth. Modulation of RF heating parameters alone or in combination with adjuvant HSP inhibition can reduce unwanted, off-target systemic tumorigenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb Ahmed
- a Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- a Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Svetlana Gourevitch
- b Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology , Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Tatyana Levchenko
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine , Northeastern University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Eithan Galun
- d Department of Gene Therapy , Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Vladimir Torchilin
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine , Northeastern University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - S Nahum Goldberg
- a Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,b Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology , Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel.,d Department of Gene Therapy , Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
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10
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Duan X, Chen P, Han X, Ren J, Wang Z, Zhao G, Li H. The influence of liposomal quercetin on liver damage induced by microwave ablation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12677. [PMID: 28978941 PMCID: PMC5627272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to observe whether liposomal quercetin (LQ) can enhance the effect of microwave ablation (MWA) on hepatic parenchyma destruction. Forty-eight rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: LQ group, MWA group and LQ + MWA group. Serum and liver samples were collected. The coagulation volume (CV) of hepatic parenchyma, histopathological changes and liver function were compared. Hepatocyte apoptosis was examined through TUNEL. The expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were analyzed. Compared with MWA group, the CV of coagulation necrosis in liver was significantly increased in LQ + MWA group. TUNEL results showed that the hepaocyte apoptosis was higher in LQ + MWA group than MWA group on 12 h, 24 h and 3 d, respectively. HSP70 and HIF-1α expression in both MWA group and LQ + MWA group were increased at 12 and 24 hours, peaked on day3 and dropped on day7. Compared with MWA group, HSP70 and HIF-1α expression were lower in LQ + MWA group. On the contrary, TNF-α expression was decreased in MWA group and LQ + MWA group compared with LQ group. In conclusion, LQ increased hepatocyte apoptosis and MWA-induced hepatic parenchyma destruction through suppressing HSP70 and HIF-1α expression in liver surrounding ablation zone and increasing TNF-α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Duan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jian She Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jian She Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianzhuang Ren
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jian She Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Zhou Q, Wu S, Gong N, Li X, Dou J, Mu M, Yu X, Yu J, Liang P. Liposomes loading sodium chloride as effective thermo-seeds for microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11068-11076. [PMID: 28741635 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02955a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Microwave ablation (MWA) is a promising minimally invasive therapy that has been widely used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the efficiency of MWA in treating HCC is evidently limited by the incomplete ablation of large tumors and tumors in high-risk locations. Here, we report the value of using liposomes packed with sodium chloride (NaCl-LPs) as effective thermo-seeds for MWA of HCC. The prepared liposomes exhibited excellent heat conversion ability by showing a more rapid temperature increase than free NaCl medium, blank liposomes or water under microwave irradiation. The high efficiency of this new microwave sensitization strategy was fully demonstrated in vitro in subcutaneous and orthotopic tumors. The results showed that MWA combined with NaCl-LPs clearly enhanced the ablation efficiency, leading to apparent tumor inhibition and low recurrence. What's more, we verified the susceptibility of NaCl-LPs on orthotopic tumors. Based on the unique properties of NaCl-LPs, sublethal MWA was used to mimic the transitional zone, and large-scale necrosis was observed in tumors combined with NaCl-LPs. In addition, HE staining and blood hematology analysis revealed no noticeable toxicity of NaCl-LPs in vivo, which confirmed that NaCl-LPs possessed good biocompatibility. CONCLUSION The effective nanoparticles could play a valuable role in enhancing the thermo-sensitizing effect of MWA for achieving better therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfang Zhou
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
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12
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Deng Z, Xiao Y, Pan M, Li F, Duan W, Meng L, Liu X, Yan F, Zheng H. Hyperthermia-triggered drug delivery from iRGD-modified temperature-sensitive liposomes enhances the anti-tumor efficacy using high intensity focused ultrasound. J Control Release 2016; 243:333-341. [PMID: 27984104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An important limitation to successful cancer treatment with chemotherapeutics is the inability to achieve therapeutically effective drug concentrations while avoiding healthy tissue damage. In this work, a new tumor-targeting peptide iRGD (CCRGDKGPDC) was used to modify drug-loaded low temperature-sensitive liposomes (iRGD-LTSL-DOX) to explore the anti-tumor effects in combination with high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in vitro and in vivo. iRGD-LTSL-DOX can specifically target to ανβ3-positive cells and locally release the encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX) in a hyperthermia-triggered manner. In vivo results showed that DOX from iRGD-LTSL-DOX was intravascularly released and rapidly penetrated into tumor interstitial space after HIFU-triggered heat treatment, thereby overcoming the limited tumor penetration of anticancer drugs. Significantly stronger anti-tumor efficacy further supported the effective combination of iRGD-LTSL-DOX with HIFU-induced hyperthermia. Our study provided a novel tumor-targeting LTSL-DOX and demonstrated its usefulness in HIFU-induced hyperthermia-triggered drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiting Deng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Min Pan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Wanlu Duan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Long Meng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Fei Yan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China.
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Moussa M, Goldberg SN, Kumar G, Levchenko T, Torchilin V, Ahmed M. Effect of thermal dose on heat shock protein expression after radio-frequency ablation with and without adjuvant nanoparticle chemotherapies. Int J Hyperthermia 2016; 32:829-841. [PMID: 27600101 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2016.1164904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different radio-frequency ablation (RFA) thermal doses on coagulation and heat shock protein (HSP) response with and without adjuvant nanotherapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, Fischer rats were assigned to nine different thermal doses of hepatic RFA (50-90 °C, 2-20 min, three per group) or no treatment (n = 3). Next, five of these RF thermal doses were combined with liposomal-doxorubicin (Lipo-Dox, 1 mg intravenously) in R3230 breast tumours, or no tumour treatment (five per group). Finally, RFA/Lipo-Dox was given without and with an Hsp70 inhibitor, micellar quercetin (Mic-Qu, 0.3 mg intravenously) for two different RFA doses with similar coagulation but differing peri-ablational Hsp70 (RFA/Lipo-Dox at 70 °C × 5 min and 90 °C × 2 min, single tumours, five per group). All animals were sacrificed 24 h post-RFA and gross tissue coagulation and Hsp70 (maximum rim thickness and % cell positivity) were correlated to thermal dose including cumulative equivalent minutes at 43 °C (CEM43). RESULTS Incremental increases in thermal dose (CEM43) correlated to increasing liver tissue coagulation (R2 = 0.7), but not with peri-ablational Hsp70 expression (R2 = 0.14). Similarly, increasing thermal dose correlated to increasing R3230 tumour coagulation for RF alone and RFA/Lipo-Dox (R2 = 0.7 for both). The addition of Lipo-Dox better correlated to increasing Hsp70 expression compared to RFA alone (RFA: R2 = 0.4, RFA/Lipo-Dox: R2 = 0.7). Finally, addition of Mic-Qu to two thermal doses combined with Lipo-Dox resulted in greater tumour coagulation (p < 0.0003) for RFA at 90 °C × 2 min (i.e. greater baseline Hsp70 expression) than an RFA dose that produced similar coagulation but less HSP expression (p < 0.0004). CONCLUSION Adjuvant intravenous Lipo-Dox increases peri-ablational Hsp70 expression in a thermally dependent manner. Such expression can be exploited to produce greater tumour destruction when adding a second adjuvant nanodrug (Mic-Qu) to suppress peri-ablational HSP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Moussa
- a Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - S Nahum Goldberg
- a Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.,b Division of Image-Guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology , Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- a Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Tatyana Levchenko
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Vladimir Torchilin
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Muneeb Ahmed
- a Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
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14
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A review of radiofrequency ablation: Large target tissue necrosis and mathematical modelling. Phys Med 2016; 32:961-71. [PMID: 27461969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective clinical method for tumour ablation with minimum intrusiveness. However, the use of RFA is mostly restricted to small tumours, especially those <3cm in diameter. This paper discusses the state-of-the-art of RFA, drawn from experimental and clinical results, for large tumours (i.e. ⩾3cm in diameter). In particular, the paper analyses clinical results related to target tissue necrosis (TTN) and mathematical modelling of the RFA procedure to understand the mechanism whereby the TTN is limited to under 3cm with RFA. This paper also discusses a strategy of controlling of the temperature of target tissue in the RFA procedure with the state-of-art device, which has the potential to increase the size of TTN. This paper ends with a discussion of some future ideas to solve the so-called 3-cm problem with RFA.
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Goins B, Phillips WT, Bao A. Strategies for improving the intratumoral distribution of liposomal drugs in cancer therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:873-89. [PMID: 26981891 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1167035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A major limitation of current liposomal cancer therapies is the inability of liposome therapeutics to penetrate throughout the entire tumor mass. This inhomogeneous distribution of liposome therapeutics within the tumor has been linked to treatment failure and drug resistance. Both liposome particle transport properties and tumor microenvironment characteristics contribute to this challenge in cancer therapy. This limitation is relevant to both intravenously and intratumorally administered liposome therapeutics. AREAS COVERED Strategies to improve the intratumoral distribution of liposome therapeutics are described. Combination therapies of intravenous liposome therapeutics with pharmacologic agents modulating abnormal tumor vasculature, interstitial fluid pressure, extracellular matrix components, and tumor associated macrophages are discussed. Combination therapies using external stimuli (hyperthermia, radiofrequency ablation, magnetic field, radiation, and ultrasound) with intravenous liposome therapeutics are discussed. Intratumoral convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of liposomal therapeutics is reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Optimization of the combination therapies and drug delivery protocols are necessary. Further research should be conducted in appropriate cancer types with consideration of physiochemical features of liposomes and their timing sequence. More investigation of the role of tumor associated macrophages in intratumoral distribution is warranted. Intratumoral infusion of liposomes using CED is a promising approach to improve their distribution within the tumor mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Goins
- a Department of Radiology , University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - William T Phillips
- a Department of Radiology , University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Ande Bao
- b Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Case Medical Center , Cleveland , OH , USA
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Yang W, Cui M, Lee J, Gong W, Wang S, Fu J, Wu G, Yan K. Heat shock protein inhibitor, quercetin, as a novel adjuvant agent to improve radiofrequency ablation-induced tumor destruction and its molecular mechanism. Chin J Cancer Res 2016; 28:19-28. [PMID: 27041924 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2016.02.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the effect of a small molecular inhibitor of heat shock protein (HSP), quercetin, on tumor radiofrequency (RF) ablation, and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS In in vivo study, rats with R3230 breast adenocarcinoma were sacrificed 24 h post-treatment and gross coagulation areas were compared, and next, randomized into four treatment arms (control, quercetin alone, RF alone, and combination) for Kaplan-Meier analysis of defined endpoint survival. Then the distribution and expression levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), cleaved caspase-3 and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) were analyzed after different treatments. In in vitro study, we used quercetin to promote SK-HEP-1 (hepatic) and MCF-7 (breast) cancer cell apoptosis in heat shock cell model, and siRNA was used to block c-Jun and to explore the role of activating protein-1 (AP-1) signaling pathways. RESULTS We found the effects of quercetin plus RFA resulted in increase on the tumor destruction/endpoint survival (26.5±3.4 d) in vivo, compared with RF alone (17.6±2.5 d) and quercetin alone (15.7±3.1 d). Most importantly, quercetin-induced cancer cell death required the presence of HSF1 in animal model. Furthermore, quercetin directly down-regulated expression of HSF1 in vitro, which our findings have revealed, required the activation of AP-1 signaling pathways by loss-of-function analysis using siRNA mediated targeting of c-Jun. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated a protective role of quercetin in tumor ablation and highlighted a novel mechanism involving HSP70 with HSF1 pathway in thermal ablation of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, 2 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China ; 3 State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China ; 4 Department of Cardiovascular and Neurovascular, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China ; 5 Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ming Cui
- 1 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, 2 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China ; 3 State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China ; 4 Department of Cardiovascular and Neurovascular, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China ; 5 Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jungchieh Lee
- 1 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, 2 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China ; 3 State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China ; 4 Department of Cardiovascular and Neurovascular, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China ; 5 Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wei Gong
- 1 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, 2 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China ; 3 State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China ; 4 Department of Cardiovascular and Neurovascular, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China ; 5 Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Song Wang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, 2 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China ; 3 State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China ; 4 Department of Cardiovascular and Neurovascular, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China ; 5 Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jingjing Fu
- 1 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, 2 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China ; 3 State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China ; 4 Department of Cardiovascular and Neurovascular, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China ; 5 Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Gongxiong Wu
- 1 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, 2 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China ; 3 State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China ; 4 Department of Cardiovascular and Neurovascular, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China ; 5 Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Kun Yan
- 1 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Ultrasound, 2 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China ; 3 State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China ; 4 Department of Cardiovascular and Neurovascular, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China ; 5 Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Ahmed M, Kumar G, Moussa M, Wang Y, Rozenblum N, Galun E, Goldberg SN. Hepatic Radiofrequency Ablation-induced Stimulation of Distant Tumor Growth Is Suppressed by c-Met Inhibition. Radiology 2016; 279:103-17. [PMID: 26418615 PMCID: PMC4819900 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015150080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate how hepatic radiofrequency (RF) ablation affects distant extrahepatic tumor growth by means of two key molecular pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were used in this institutional animal care and use committee-approved study. First, the effect of hepatic RF ablation on distant subcutaneous in situ R3230 and MATBIII breast tumors was evaluated. Animals were randomly assigned to standardized RF ablation, sham procedure, or no treatment. Tumor growth rate was measured for 3½ to 7 days. Then, tissue was harvested for Ki-67 proliferative indexes and CD34 microvascular density. Second, hepatic RF ablation was performed for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and c-Met receptor expression measurement in periablational rim, serum, and distant tumor 24 hours to 7 days after ablation. Third, hepatic RF ablation was combined with either a c-Met inhibitor (PHA-665752) or VEGF receptor inhibitor (semaxanib) and compared with sham or drug alone arms to assess distant tumor growth and growth factor levels. Finally, hepatic RF ablation was performed in rats with c-Met-negative R3230 tumors for comparison with the native c-Met-positive line. Tumor size and immunohistochemical quantification at day 0 and at sacrifice were compared with analysis of variance and the two-tailed Student t test. Tumor growth curves before and after treatment were analyzed with linear regression analysis to determine mean slopes of pre- and posttreatment growth curves on a per-tumor basis and were compared with analysis of variance and paired two-tailed t tests. RESULTS After RF ablation of normal liver, distant R3230 tumors were substantially larger at 7 days compared with tumors treated with the sham procedure and untreated tumors, with higher growth rates and tumor cell proliferation. Similar findings were observed in MATBIII tumors. Hepatic RF ablation predominantly increased periablational and serum HGF and downstream distant tumor VEGF levels. Compared with RF ablation alone, RF ablation combined with adjuvant PHA-665752 or semaxanib reduced distant tumor growth, proliferation, and microvascular density. For c-Met-negative tumors, hepatic RF ablation did not increase distant tumor growth, proliferation, or microvascular density compared with sham treatment. CONCLUSION RF ablation of normal liver can stimulate distant subcutaneous tumor growth mediated by HGF/c-Met pathway and VEGF activation. This effect was not observed in c-Met-negative tumors and can be blocked with adjuvant c-Met and VEGF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb Ahmed
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marwan Moussa
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuanguo Wang
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nir Rozenblum
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eithan Galun
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S. Nahum Goldberg
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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Bulvik BE, Rozenblum N, Gourevich S, Ahmed M, Andriyanov AV, Galun E, Goldberg SN. Irreversible Electroporation versus Radiofrequency Ablation: A Comparison of Local and Systemic Effects in a Small-Animal Model. Radiology 2016; 280:413-24. [PMID: 27429143 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015151166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To compare both periablational and systemic effects of two mechanistically different types of ablation: thermal radiofrequency (RF) ablation and electroporative ablation with irreversible electroporation (IRE) in appropriately selected animal models. Materials and Methods Animal experiments were performed according to a protocol approved by the Animal Care Committee of Hebrew University. Female C57BL/6 mice (n = 165) were randomized to undergo either RF or IRE ablation of noncancerous normal liver. The inflammatory response, cell proliferation, interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels, and intactness of vessels in the liver were assessed at 6, 12, and 24 hours and at 3, 7, and 14 days after ablation (n = 122 for mechanistic experiments). Systemic effects were then assessed by comparing tumor formation in an Mdr2-knockout (KO) mouse model (n = 15) and tumor growth in a remote BNL 1ME hepatoma xenograft tumor (n = 28). Results were averaged and evaluated by using two-tailed t tests. Results Although RF ablation was associated with a well-defined periablational inflammatory rim, for IRE, the infiltrate penetrated the ablation zone, largely along persistently patent vessels. Peak IL-6 levels (6 hours after ablation) were 10 and three times higher than at baseline for IRE and RF, respectively (P < .03). Mdr2-KO mice that were treated with IRE ablation had more tumors that were 3 mm or larger than mice treated with RF ablation or sham operation (mean, 3.6 ± 1.3 [standard deviation] vs 2.4 ± 1.1 and 2.2 ± 0.8, respectively; P < .05 for IRE vs both RF ablation and sham operation). For BNL 1ME tumors, both RF and IRE liver ablation reduced tumor growth, with a greater effect noted for IRE (1329 mm(3) ± 586 and 819 mm(3) ± 327 vs 2241 mm(3) ± 548 for sham operation; P < .05) that was accompanied by more infiltrating lymphocytes compared with sham operation (7.6 cells per frame ± 1.9 vs 11.2 ± 2.1 vs 0.3 ± 0.1; P < .05). Conclusion Persistent patency of vasculature within the coagulated zone from IRE increases the area and accumulation of infiltrative cells that is associated with a higher serum IL-6 level than RF ablation. These local changes of IRE induce more robust systemic effects, including both tumorigenic and immunogenic effects. (©) RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruch E Bulvik
- From the Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (B.E.B., N.R., S.G., E.G., S.N.G.), Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (A.V.A.), and Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.)
| | - Nir Rozenblum
- From the Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (B.E.B., N.R., S.G., E.G., S.N.G.), Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (A.V.A.), and Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.)
| | - Svetlana Gourevich
- From the Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (B.E.B., N.R., S.G., E.G., S.N.G.), Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (A.V.A.), and Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.)
| | - Muneeb Ahmed
- From the Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (B.E.B., N.R., S.G., E.G., S.N.G.), Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (A.V.A.), and Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.)
| | - Alexander V Andriyanov
- From the Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (B.E.B., N.R., S.G., E.G., S.N.G.), Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (A.V.A.), and Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.)
| | - Eithan Galun
- From the Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (B.E.B., N.R., S.G., E.G., S.N.G.), Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (A.V.A.), and Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.)
| | - S Nahum Goldberg
- From the Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (B.E.B., N.R., S.G., E.G., S.N.G.), Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (A.V.A.), and Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; and Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.)
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Sriraman SK, Pan J, Sarisozen C, Luther E, Torchilin V. Enhanced Cytotoxicity of Folic Acid-Targeted Liposomes Co-Loaded with C6 Ceramide and Doxorubicin: In Vitro Evaluation on HeLa, A2780-ADR, and H69-AR Cells. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:428-37. [PMID: 26702994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Current research in cancer therapy is beginning to shift toward the use of combinational drug treatment regimens. However, the efficient delivery of drug combinations is governed by a number of complex factors in the clinical setting. Therefore, the ability to synchronize the pharmacokinetics of the individual therapeutic agents present in combination not only to allow for simultaneous tumor accumulation but also to allow for a synergistic relationship at the intracellular level could prove to be advantageous. In this work, we report the development of a novel folic acid-targeted liposomal formulation simultaneously co-loaded with C6 ceramide and doxorubicin [FA-(C6+Dox)-LP]. In vitro cytotoxicity assays showed that the FA-(C6+Dox)-LP was able to significantly reduce the IC50 of Dox when compared to that after the treatment with the doxorubicin-loaded liposomes (Dox-LP) as well as the untargeted drug co-loaded (C6+Dox)-LP on HeLa, A2780-ADR, and H69-AR cells. The analysis of the cell cycle distribution showed that while the C6 liposomes (C6-LP) did not cause cell cycle arrest, all the Dox-containing liposomes mediated cell cycle arrest in HeLa cells in the G2 phase at Dox concentrations of 0.3 and 1 μM and in the S phase at the higher concentrations. It was also found that this arrest in the S phase precedes the progression of the cells to apoptosis. The targeted FA-(C6+Dox)-LP were able to significantly enhance the induction of apoptotic events in HeLa cell monolayers as compared to the other treatment groups. Next, using time-lapse phase holographic imaging microscopy, it was found that upon treatment with the FA-(C6+Dox)-LP, the HeLa cells underwent rapid progression to apoptosis after 21 h as evidenced by a drastic drop in the average area of the cells after loss of cell membrane integrity. Finally, upon evaluation in a HeLa spheroid cell model, treatment with the FA-(C6+Dox)-LP showed significantly higher levels of cell death compared to those with C6-LP and Dox-LP. Overall, this study clearly shows that the co-delivery of C6 ceramide and Dox using a liposomal platform significantly correlates with an antiproliferative effect due to cell cycle regulation and subsequent induction of apoptosis and thus warrants its further evaluation in preclinical animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravan Kumar Sriraman
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jiayi Pan
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Can Sarisozen
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ed Luther
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Vladimir Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Chen L, Sun J, Yang X. Radiofrequency ablation-combined multimodel therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: Current status. Cancer Lett 2015; 370:78-84. [PMID: 26472630 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is widely accepted as a first-line interventional oncology approach for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has the advantages of high treatment efficacy and low complication risk. Local control rates equivalent to hepatic resection can be reached by RFA alone when treating small HCCs (<2 cm) in favorable locations. However, local tumor progression and recurrence rates with RFA monotherapy increase sharply when treating larger lesions (>3 cm). To address this clinical problem, recent efforts have focused on multimodel management of HCC by combining RFA with different techniques, including percutaneous ethanol injection, transarterial chemo-embolization, targeted molecular therapy, nanoparticle-mediated therapy, and immunotherapy. The combination strategy indeed leads to better outcomes in comparison to RFA alone. In this article, we review the current status of RFA-combined multimodal therapies in the management of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jihong Sun
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Image-Guided Bio-Molecular Interventions Research, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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21
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Zahedifard M, Lafta Faraj F, Paydar M, Yeng Looi C, Hajrezaei M, Hasanpourghadi M, Kamalidehghan B, Abdul Majid N, Mohd Ali H, Ameen Abdulla M. Synthesis, characterization and apoptotic activity of quinazolinone Schiff base derivatives toward MCF-7 cells via intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11544. [PMID: 26108872 PMCID: PMC4479988 DOI: 10.1038/srep11544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the cytotoxic effect of 3-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-41(H)-one (A) and 3-(5-nitro-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-2-(5-nitro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one (B) on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MCF-10A and WRL-68 cells. The mechanism involved in apoptosis was assessed to evaluate the possible pathways induced by compound A and B. MTT assay results using A and B showed significant inhibition of MCF-7 cell viability, with IC50 values of 3. 27 ± 0.171 and 4.36 ± 0.219 μg/mL, respectively, after a 72 hour treatment period. Compound A and B did not demonstrate significant cytotoxic effects towards MDA-MB-231, WRL-68 and MCF-10A cells. Acute toxicity tests also revealed an absence of toxic effects on mice. Fluorescent microscopic studies confirmed distinct morphological changes (membrane blebbing and chromosome condensation) corresponding to typical apoptotic features in treated MCF-7 cells. Using Cellomics High Content Screening (HCS), we found that compound A and B could trigger the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol. The release of cytochrome c activated the expression of caspases-9 and then stimulated downstream executioner caspase-3/7. In addition, caspase-8 showed remarkable activity, followed by inhibition of NF-κB activation in A-and B-treated MCF-7 cells. The results indicated that A and B could induce apoptosis via a mechanism that involves either extrinsic or intrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zahedifard
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fadhil Lafta Faraj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammadjavad Paydar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Hajrezaei
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Behnam Kamalidehghan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nazia Abdul Majid
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hapipah Mohd Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Du Q, Fu C, Tie J, Liu T, Li L, Ren X, Huang Z, Liu H, Tang F, Li L, Meng X. Gelatin microcapsules for enhanced microwave tumor hyperthermia. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:3147-3154. [PMID: 25613756 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr07104b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Local and rapid heating by microwave (MW) irradiation is important in the clinical treatment of tumors using hyperthermia. We report here a new thermo-seed technique for the highly efficient MW irradiation ablation of tumors in vivo based on gelatin microcapsules. We achieved 100% tumor elimination in a mouse model at an ultralow power of 1.8 W without any side-effects. The results of MTT assays, a hemolysis test and the histological staining of organs indicated that the gelatin microcapsules showed excellent compatibility with the physiological environment. A possible mechanism is proposed for MW hyperthermia using gelatin microcapsules. We also used gelatin microcapsules capped with CdTe quantum dots for in vivo optical imaging. Our study suggests that these microcapsules may have potential applications in imaging-guided cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Du
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Center for Micro/nanomaterials and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Ibrahim MY, Mohd Hashim N, Mohan S, Abdulla MA, Abdelwahab SI, Kamalidehghan B, Ghaderian M, Dehghan F, Ali LZ, Karimian H, Yahayu M, Ee GCL, Farjam AS, Mohd Ali H. Involvement of NF-κB and HSP70 signaling pathways in the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells induced by a prenylated xanthone compound, α-mangostin, from Cratoxylum arborescens. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:2193-211. [PMID: 25395836 PMCID: PMC4227646 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s66574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Cratoxylum arborescens has been used traditionally in Malaysia for the treatment of various ailments. Methods α-Mangostin (AM) was isolated from C. arborescens and its cell death mechanism was investigated. AM-induced cytotoxicity was observed with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Acridine orange/propidium iodide staining and annexin V were used to detect cells in early phases of apoptosis. High-content screening was used to observe the nuclear condensation, cell permeability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome c release. The role of caspases-3/7, -8, and -9, reactive oxygen species, Bcl-2 and Bax expression, and cell cycle arrest were also investigated. To determine the role of the central apoptosis-related proteins, a protein array followed by immunoblot analysis was conducted. Moreover, the involvement of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was also analyzed. Results Apoptosis was confirmed by the apoptotic cells stained with annexin V and increase in chromatin condensation in nucleus. Treatment of cells with AM promoted cell death-transducing signals that reduced MMP by downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax, triggering cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytosol. The released cytochrome c triggered the activation of caspase-9 followed by the executioner caspase-3/7 and then cleaved the PARP protein. Increase of caspase-8 showed the involvement of extrinsic pathway. AM treatment significantly arrested the cells at the S phase (P<0.05) concomitant with an increase in reactive oxygen species. The protein array and Western blotting demonstrated the expression of HSP70. Moreover, AM significantly blocked the induced translocation of NF-κB from cytoplasm to nucleus. Conclusion Together, the results demonstrate that the AM isolated from C. arborescens inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells, leading to cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death, which was suggested to occur through both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways with involvement of the NF-κB and HSP70 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Yousif Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Najihah Mohd Hashim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Behnam Kamalidehghan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mostafa Ghaderian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Epigenetics Lab, HIR Building, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Firouzeh Dehghan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Landa Zeenelabdin Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hamed Karimian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maizatulakmal Yahayu
- Department of Bioproduct Research and Innovation, Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Hapipah Mohd Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Czepas J, Gwoździński K. The flavonoid quercetin: possible solution for anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and multidrug resistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:1149-59. [PMID: 25458790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracycline chemotherapy is often used in the treatment of various malignancies. Its application, however, encounters several limitations due to development of serious side effects, mainly cardiotoxicity and may be ineffective due to multidrug resistance (MDR). Many different compounds have been evaluated as poorly effective in the protection against anthracycline side effects and in the prevention from MDR. Thus, continuous investigational efforts are necessary to find valuable protectants and the flavonoid quercetin (Q) seems to be a promising candidate. It is present in relatively high amounts in a human diet and the lack of its toxicity, including genotoxicity has been confirmed. The structure of Q favours its high antioxidant activity, the potential to inhibit the activity of oxidative enzymes and to interact with membrane transporter proteins responsible for development of MDR, e.g. P-glycoprotein. Furthermore, Q can influence cellular signalling and gene expression, and thus, alter response to exogenous genotoxicants and oxidative stress in normal cells. It accounts for its chemopreventive and anticancer properties. Overall, these properties might indicate the possibility of application of Q as cardioprotectant during anthracycline chemotherapy. Moreover, numerous biological properties displayed by Q might possibly result in the reversal of MDR in tumour cells and improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. However, these beneficial effects towards anthracycline-induced complications of chemotherapy have to be further explored and confirmed both in animal and clinical studies. Concurrently, investigations aimed at improvement of the bioavailability of Q and further elucidation of its metabolism after application in combination with anthracyclines are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Czepas
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Gwoździński
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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Radiofrequency ablation-induced upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α can be suppressed with adjuvant bortezomib or liposomal chemotherapy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2014; 25:1972-82. [PMID: 25439675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α after radiofrequency (RF) ablation and the influence of an adjuvant HIF-1α inhibitor (bortezomib) and nanodrugs on modulating RF ablation-upregulated hypoxic pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fisher 344 rats (n = 68) were used. First, RF ablation-induced periablational HIF-1α expression was evaluated in normal liver or subcutaneous R3230 tumors (14-16 mm). Next, the effect of varying RF ablation thermal dose (varying tip temperature 50°C-90°C for 2-20 minutes) on HIF-1α expression was studied in R3230 tumors. Third, RF ablation was performed in R3230 tumors without or with an adjuvant HIF-1α inhibitor, bortezomib (single intraperitoneal dose 0.1 mg/kg). Finally, the combination RF ablation and intravenous liposomal chemotherapeutics with known increases in periablational cellular cytotoxicity (doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and quercetin) was assessed for effect on periablational HIF-1α. Outcome measures included immunohistochemistry of HIF-1α and heat shock protein 70 (marker of nonlethal thermal injury). RESULTS RF ablation increased periablational HIF-1α in both normal liver and R3230 tumor, peaking at 24-72 hours. Tumor RF ablation had similar HIF-1α rim thickness but significantly greater percent cell positivity compared with hepatic RF ablation (P < .001). HIF-1α after ablation was the same regardless of thermal dose. Bortezomib suppressed HIF-1α (rim thickness, 68.7 µm ± 21.5 vs 210.3 µm ± 85.1 for RF ablation alone; P < .02) and increased ablation size (11.0 mm ± 1.5 vs 7.7 mm ± 0.6 for RF ablation alone; P < .002). Finally, all three nanodrugs suppressed RF ablation-induced HIF-1α (ie, rim thickness and cell positivity; P < .02 for all comparisons), with liposomal doxorubicin suppressing HIF-1α the most (P < .03). CONCLUSIONS RF ablation upregulates HIF-1α in normal liver and tumor in a temperature-independent manner. This progrowth, hypoxia pathway can be successfully suppressed with an adjuvant HIF-1α-specific inhibitor, bortezomib, or non-HIF-1α-specific liposomal chemotherapy.
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Ibrahim MY, Hashim NM, Mohan S, Abdulla MA, Kamalidehghan B, Ghaderian M, Dehghan F, Ali LZ, Arbab IA, Yahayu M, Lian GEC, Ahmadipour F, Ali HM. α-Mangostin from Cratoxylum arborescens demonstrates apoptogenesis in MCF-7 with regulation of NF-κB and Hsp70 protein modulation in vitro, and tumor reduction in vivo. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:1629-47. [PMID: 25302018 PMCID: PMC4189707 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s66105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cratoxylum arborescens is an equatorial plant belonging to the family Guttiferae. In the current study, α-Mangostin (AM) was isolated and its cell death mechanism was studied. HCS was undertaken to detect the nuclear condensation, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell permeability, and the release of cytochrome c. An investigation for reactive oxygen species formation was conducted using fluorescent analysis. To determine the mechanism of cell death, human apoptosis proteome profiler assay was conducted. In addition, using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting, the levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 proteins were also tested. Caspaces such as 3/7, 8, and 9 were assessed during treatment. Using HCS and Western blot, the contribution of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) was investigated. AM had showed a selective cytotoxicity toward the cancer cells with no toxicity toward the normal cells even at 30 μg/mL, thereby indicating that AM has the attributes to induce cell death in tumor cells. The treatment of MCF-7 cells with AM prompted apoptosis with cell death-transducing signals. This regulated the mitochondrial membrane potential by down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax, thereby causing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. The liberation of cytochrome c activated caspace-9, which, in turn, activated the downstream executioner caspace-3/7 with the cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein, thereby leading to apoptotic alterations. Increase of caspace 8 had showed the involvement of an extrinsic pathway. This type of apoptosis was suggested to occur through both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways and prevention of translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Our results revealed AM prompt apoptosis of MCF-7 cells through NF-κB, Bax/Bcl-2 and heat shock protein 70 modulation with the contribution of caspaces. Moreover, ingestion of AM at (30 and 60 mg/kg) significantly reduced tumor size in an animal model of breast cancer. Our results suggest that AM is a potentially useful agent for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Yousif Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Najihah Mohd Hashim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Behnam Kamalidehghan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mostafa Ghaderian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Epigenetics Lab, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Firouzeh Dehghan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Landa Zeenelabdin Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Adam Arbab
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maizatulakmal Yahayu
- Department of Bioproduct Research and Innovation, Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Fatemeh Ahmadipour
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hapipah Mohd Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Nanodrug-enhanced radiofrequency tumor ablation: effect of micellar or liposomal carrier on drug delivery and treatment efficacy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102727. [PMID: 25133740 PMCID: PMC4136708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect of different drug-loaded nanocarriers (micelles and liposomes) on delivery and treatment efficacy for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with nanodrugs. MATERIALS/METHODS Fischer 344 rats were used (n = 196). First, single subcutaneous R3230 tumors or normal liver underwent RFA followed by immediate administration of i.v. fluorescent beads (20, 100, and 500 nm), with fluorescent intensity measured at 4-24 hr. Next, to study carrier type on drug efficiency, RFA was combined with micellar (20 nm) or liposomal (100 nm) preparations of doxorubicin (Dox; targeting HIF-1α) or quercetin (Qu; targeting HSP70). Animals received RFA alone, RFA with Lipo-Dox or Mic-Dox (1 mg i.v., 15 min post-RFA), and RFA with Lipo-Qu or Mic-Qu given 24 hr pre- or 15 min post-RFA (0.3 mg i.v.). Tumor coagulation and HIF-1α or HSP70 expression were assessed 24 hr post-RFA. Third, the effect of RFA combined with i.v. Lipo-Dox, Mic-Dox, Lipo-Qu, or Mic-Qu (15 min post-RFA) compared to RFA alone on tumor growth and animal endpoint survival was evaluated. Finally, drug uptake was compared between RFA/Lipo-Dox and RFA/Mic-Dox at 4-72 hr. RESULTS Smaller 20 nm beads had greater deposition and deeper tissue penetration in both tumor (100 nm/500 nm) and liver (100 nm) (p<0.05). Mic-Dox and Mic-Qu suppressed periablational HIF-1α or HSP70 rim thickness more than liposomal preparations (p<0.05). RFA/Mic-Dox had greater early (4 hr) intratumoral doxorubicin, but RFA/Lipo-Dox had progressively higher intratumoral doxorubicin at 24-72 hr post-RFA (p<0.04). No difference in tumor growth and survival was seen between RFA/Lipo-Qu and RFA/Mic-Qu. Yet, RFA/Lipo-Dox led to greater animal endpoint survival compared to RFA/Mic-Dox (p<0.03). CONCLUSION With RF ablation, smaller particle micelles have superior penetration and more effective local molecular modulation. However, larger long-circulating liposomal carriers can result in greater intratumoral drug accumulation over time and reduced tumor growth. Accordingly, different carriers provide specific advantages, which should be considered when formulating optimal combination therapies.
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Wan Q, Wang H, Lin Y, Gu L, Han M, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Ma R, Wang L, Wang Z. Effects of quercetin on CDK4 mRNA and protein expression in A549 cells infected by H1N1. Biomed Rep 2013; 1:766-770. [PMID: 24649026 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of quercetin on the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK4) mRNA and protein in A549 lung epithelial tumor cells infected by H1N1. First, the Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) method was used to determine H1N1 virulence, quercetin cytotoxicity and inhibition of the cytopathic effect of H1N1 on A549 cells by quercetin. Subsequently, 100 TCID50 H1N1 was used to infect A549 cells for 2 h prior to culture in maintenance media containing 10 mg/l quercetin. After 4, 12, 24 and 48 h of culture, the cells were collected and total RNA and protein were extracted. Fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were then performed to assess the expression of CDK4 mRNA and protein. The experiment demonstrated that the TCID50 of H1N1 in A549 cells was 10-4.75, the maximum non-toxic concentration of quercetin in A549 cells was 30-60 mg/l and the minimum effective concentration of quercetin for the inhibition of the H1N1 cytopathic effect on A549 cells was 10 mg/l. The results indicated that quercetin may significantly inhibit CDK4 mRNA and protein overexpression caused by H1N1 within 4-48 h. In conclusion, quercetin may protect against H1N1 infection by effectively reducing the mRNA and protein expression of CDK4 caused by H1N1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofeng Wan
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Basic Medical Science College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Basic Medical Science College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Basic Medical Science College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Ligang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Antivirus of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Basic Medical Science College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Basic Medical Science College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Basic Medical Science College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Basic Medical Science College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Basic Medical Science College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Basic Medical Science College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
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Moussa M, Goldberg SN, Tasawwar B, Sawant RR, Levchenko T, Kumar G, Torchilin VP, Ahmed M. Adjuvant liposomal doxorubicin markedly affects radiofrequency ablation-induced effects on periablational microvasculature. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2013; 24:1021-33. [PMID: 23664809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of radiofrequency (RF) ablation without and with adjuvant intravenous (IV) liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil) on microvessel morphology and patency and intratumoral drug delivery and retention. MATERIALS AND METHODS There were 133 tumors/animals used in this experiment. First, single subcutaneous tumors (R3230 in Fischer rats and 786-0 in nude mice) were randomly assigned to receive RF ablation alone or no treatment and sacrificed 0-72 hours after treatment. Next, combined RF ablation and liposomal doxorubicin (1 mg given 15 min after RF ablation) was studied in R3230 tumors at 0-72 hours after treatment. Histopathologic assessment, including immunohistochemical staining for cleaved caspase-3, heat-shock protein 70, and CD34, was performed to assess morphologic vessel appearance, vessel diameter, and microvascular density. Subsequently, tumors were randomly assigned to receive RF ablation alone, RF ablation and liposomal doxorubicin, or no treatment (control tumors), followed by IV fluorescent-labeled liposomes (a surrogate marker) given 0-24 hours after RF ablation to permit qualitative assessment. RESULTS RF ablation alone resulted in enlarged and dysmorphic vessels from 0-4 hours, peaking at 12-24 hours after RF ablation, occurring preferentially closer to the electrode. The addition of doxorubicin resulted in earlier vessel contraction (mean vessel area, 47,539 μm(2)±9,544 vs 1,854 μm(2)±458 for RF ablation alone at 15 min; P<.05). Combined RF ablation and liposomal doxorubicin produced similar fluorescence 1 hour after treatment (40.88 AU/μm(2)±33.53 vs 22.1 AU/μm(2)±13.19; P = .14) but significantly less fluorescence at 4 hours (24.3 AU/μm(2)±3.65 vs 2.8 AU/μm(2)±3.14; P<.002) compared with RF ablation alone denoting earlier reduction in microvascular patency. CONCLUSIONS RF ablation induces morphologic changes to vessels within the ablation zone lasting 12-24 hours after treatment. The addition of liposomal doxorubicin causes early vessel contraction and a reduction in periablational microvascular patency. Such changes would likely need to be considered when determining optimal drug administration and imaging paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Moussa
- Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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