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Visvanathan R, Houghton MJ, Barber E, Williamson G. Structure-function relationships in (poly)phenol-enzyme binding: Direct inhibition of human salivary and pancreatic α-amylases. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114504. [PMID: 38823880 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
(Poly)phenols inhibit α-amylase by directly binding to the enzyme and/or by forming starch-polyphenol complexes. Conventional methods using starch as the substrate measure inhibition from both mechanisms, whereas the use of shorter oligosaccharides as substrates exclusively measures the direct interaction of (poly)phenols with the enzyme. In this study, using a chromatography-based method and a short oligosaccharide as the substrate, we investigated the detailed structural prerequisites for the direct inhibition of human salivary and pancreatic α-amylases by over 50 (poly)phenols from the (poly)phenol groups: flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, polymethoxyflavones, isoflavones, anthocyanidins and phenolic acids. Despite being structurally very similar (97% sequence homology), human salivary and pancreatic α-amylases were inhibited to different extents by the tested (poly)phenols. The most potent human salivary α-amylase inhibitors were luteolin and pelargonidin, while the methoxylated anthocyanidins, peonidin and petunidin, significantly blocked pancreatic enzyme activity. B-ring methoxylation of anthocyanidins increased inhibition against both human α-amylases while hydroxyl groups at C3 and B3' acted antagonistically in human salivary inhibition. C4 carbonyl reduction, or the positive charge on the flavonoid structure, was the key structural feature for human pancreatic inhibition. B-ring glycosylation did not affect salivary enzyme inhibition, but increased pancreatic enzyme inhibition when compared to its corresponding aglycone. Overall, our findings indicate that the efficacy of interaction with human α-amylase is mainly influenced by the type and placement of functional groups rather than the number of hydroxyl groups and molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizliya Visvanathan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, 631 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Michael J Houghton
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, 631 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Barber
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, 631 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, 631 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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2
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Munir H, Yaqoob S, Awan KA, Imtiaz A, Naveed H, Ahmad N, Naeem M, Sultan W, Ma Y. Unveiling the Chemistry of Citrus Peel: Insights into Nutraceutical Potential and Therapeutic Applications. Foods 2024; 13:1681. [PMID: 38890908 PMCID: PMC11172398 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent millennium has witnessed a notable shift in consumer focus towards natural products for addressing lifestyle-related disorders, driven by their safety and cost-effectiveness. Nutraceuticals and functional foods play an imperative role by meeting nutritional needs and offering medicinal benefits. With increased scientific knowledge and awareness, the significance of a healthy lifestyle, including diet, in reducing disease risk is widely acknowledged, facilitating access to a diverse and safer diet for longevity. Plant-based foods rich in phytochemicals are increasingly popular and effectively utilized in disease management. Agricultural waste from plant-based foods is being recognized as a valuable source of nutraceuticals for dietary interventions. Citrus peels, known for their diverse flavonoids, are emerging as a promising health-promoting ingredient. Globally, citrus production yields approximately 15 million tons of by-products annually, highlighting the substantial potential for utilizing citrus waste in phyto-therapeutic and nutraceutical applications. Citrus peels are a rich source of flavonoids, with concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 5.5 g/100 g dry weight, depending on the citrus variety. The most abundant flavonoids in citrus peel include hesperidin and naringin, as well as essential oils rich in monoterpenes like limonene. The peel extracts exhibit high antioxidant capacity, with DPPH radical scavenging activities ranging from 70 to 90%, comparable to synthetic antioxidants like BHA and BHT. Additionally, the flavonoids present in citrus peel have been found to have antioxidant properties, which can help reduce oxidative stress by 30% and cardiovascular disease by 25%. Potent anti-inflammatory effects have also been demonstrated, reducing inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and TNF-α by up to 40% in cell culture studies. These findings highlight the potential of citrus peel as a valuable source of nutraceuticals in diet-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussan Munir
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (S.Y.)
- University Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Sanabil Yaqoob
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (K.A.A.); (H.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Kanza Aziz Awan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (K.A.A.); (H.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Aysha Imtiaz
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 03802, Pakistan;
| | - Hiba Naveed
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (K.A.A.); (H.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Waleed Sultan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (K.A.A.); (H.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Yongkun Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (S.Y.)
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Ishtiaq H, Ahmad B, Zahid N, Bibi T, Khan I, Azizullah A, Ahmad K, Murshed A, Rehman SU, Abdel-Maksoud MA, El-Tayeb MA, Lu J, Zaky MY. Phytochemicals, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Effects of Ranunculus hirtellus Aerial Parts and Roots: Methanol and Aqueous Extracts. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21805-21821. [PMID: 38799316 PMCID: PMC11112719 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Ranunculus hirtellus, also known as crowfoot (buttercup), has a rich tradition of use in various biological contexts. While antibacterial studies on extracts from this plant have been conducted, the phytochemical composition, antioxidant properties, and antidiabetic effects remain unexplored. In this study, the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antidiabetic effects of its methanol and aqueous extracts were investigated. Our approach involved gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), alongside quantitative and qualitative methods, for phytochemical profiles. Additionally, concerning biological activities, the antioxidant effect was assessed through 2, 2-diphenyl-pieryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) assays, while the antidiabetic effect was examined through the α-amylase inhibitory assay. The chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts of R. hirtellus revealed the presence of 14 distinct compounds. In the methanol extract, sterols, quinones, glycosides, lactones, lignin, and flavonoids were identified. The aqueous extract contained sterols, alkaloids, glycosides, triterpenes, terpenoids, quinones, leucoanthocyanins, and lactones. The total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), total tannin content (TTC), and reducing sugar content (RDC) were determined in plant extracts, and a linear relationship was found between these parameters. Additionally, the TTC, TPC, and TFC values for both extracts hovered around 0.3786, 0.0476, and 0.1864 μg/mL, respectively, across all plant concentrations, while RDC ranged from 0.9336 to 1.0119 μg/mL in all four extracts. In vitro assays demonstrated dose-dependent antidiabetic activity in both methanolic and aqueous extracts by inhibiting α-amylase. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity observed in the DPPH assay was greater in the aqueous extract compared with the methanolic extract. In addition, the ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest inhibition among chloroform and n-hexane in the ABTS assay. The results suggest that R. hirtellus can be a potential source of natural antioxidants and antidiabetic agents, and further studies are warranted to investigate the underlying mechanisms of its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiqa Ishtiaq
- Department
of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Department
of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong
Medical University, 524000 Zhanjiang, China
- Department
of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nayab Zahid
- Department
of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Bibi
- Department
of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, The University
of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Azizullah Azizullah
- Department
of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Ahmad
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University
Islamabad, Abbottabad
Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abduh Murshed
- Department
of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital
of Guangdong Medical University, 524000 Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Department
of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud
- Botany and
Microbiology Department College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. El-Tayeb
- Botany and
Microbiology Department College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Lu
- Department
of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong
Medical University, 524000 Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mohamed Y. Zaky
- Molecular
Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
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Patra JK, Shin HS, Yang IJ, Nguyen LTH, Das G. Sustainable Utilization of Food Biowaste (Papaya Peel) Extract for Gold Nanoparticle Biosynthesis and Investigation of Its Multi-Functional Potentials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:581. [PMID: 38790686 PMCID: PMC11118099 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Papaya contains high amounts of vitamins A, C, riboflavin, thiamine, niacin, ascorbic acid, potassium, and carotenoids. It is confirmed by several studies that all food waste parts such as the fruit peels, seeds, and leaves of papaya are potential sources of phenolic compounds, particularly in the peel. Considering the presence of numerous bioactive compounds in papaya fruit peels, the current study reports a rapid, cheap, and environmentally friendly method for the production of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) employing food biowaste (vegetable papaya peel extract (VPPE)) and investigated its antioxidant, antidiabetic, tyrosinase inhibition, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and photocatalytic degradation potentials. The phytochemical analysis gave positive results for tannins, saponins, steroids, cardiac steroidal glycoside, protein, and carbohydrates. The manufactured VPPE-AuNPs were studied by UV-Vis scan (with surface plasmon resonance of 552 nm), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) (with average crystallite size of 44.41 nm as per the Scherrer equation), scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), particle size, zeta potential, etc. The mean dimension of the manufactured VPPE-AuNPs is 112.2 d.nm (PDI-0.149) with a -26.1 mV zeta potential. The VPPE-AuNPs displayed a significant antioxidant effect (93.24% DPPH scavenging and 74.23% SOD inhibition at 100 µg/mL); moderate tyrosinase effect (with 30.76%); and substantial α-glucosidase (95.63%) and α-amylase effect (50.66%) at 100 µg/mL. Additionally, it was found to be very proficient in the removal of harmful methyl orange and methylene blue dyes with degradation of 34.70% at 3 h and 24.39% at 5 h, respectively. Taken altogether, the VPPE-AuNPs have been proven to possess multiple biopotential activities, which can be explored by the food, cosmetics, and biomedical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi 10326, Republic of Korea;
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi 10326, Republic of Korea;
| | - In-Jun Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (I.-J.Y.); (L.T.H.N.)
| | - Ly Thi Huong Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (I.-J.Y.); (L.T.H.N.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi 10326, Republic of Korea;
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Zolotova D, Teterovska R, Bandere D, Lauberte L, Niedra S. Antidiabetic Properties of the Root Extracts of Dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale) and Burdock ( Arctium lappa). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1021. [PMID: 38611548 PMCID: PMC11013470 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Several preclinical studies suggest the potential of edible plants in controlling blood sugar levels and stabilizing diet. The goals of the study were to examine, analyze, and describe whether there are chemical compounds in dandelion and burdock roots that could have antidiabetic properties. The 70% ethyl alcohol and lyophilizate extracts (AE and LE, respectively), were used, and analyses were carried out on their total polysaccharide (TP), total phenolic content (TPC), tannin, and inulin. The antioxidant activity of extracts was determined using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay, and hypoglycemic properties were based on α-amylase activity. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for the tentative identification of the chemical components. Qualitative techniques confirmed the presence of inulin in both roots. Analysis of TPC, tannin content, DPPH assay, and α-amylase activity revealed higher values for burdock compared to dandelion. However, dandelion exhibited higher TP content. Burdock contained a small amount of tannin, whereas the tannin content in dandelion was insignificant. All LE consistently exhibited higher values in all analyses and assays for all roots compared to AE. Despite burdock root showing overall better results, it is uncertain whether these plants can be recommended as antidiabetic agents without in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Zolotova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (R.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Renāte Teterovska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (R.T.); (D.B.)
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Red Cross Medical College, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Dace Bandere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (R.T.); (D.B.)
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1658 Riga, Latvia
| | - Liga Lauberte
- Laboratory of Finished Dosage Forms, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (L.L.); (S.N.)
| | - Santa Niedra
- Laboratory of Finished Dosage Forms, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (L.L.); (S.N.)
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6
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Singh J, Goyal S, Tripathi MK. α-Amylase inhibitory, antioxidant and emulsification potential of glycoproteinaceous bioactive molecule from Lactobacillus delbrueckii. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 61:459-470. [PMID: 38327859 PMCID: PMC10844177 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The bioactive components of microbial origin have been extensively applied to restrict the enormous enzyme-catalyzed processes. Hence, the present study was executed to explore the α -amylase inhibition (AAI) potential of glycoprotein isolated from Lactobacillus delbrueckii (LGp) to regulate in vitro starch hydrolysis. As a non-competitive inhibitor, the protein exhibited AAI (85%) with, IC50 135 ± 0.55 μg/mL. It was stable over a broad range of pH (3-11) and temperature (25-75 °C). Furthermore, LGp was significantly effective against amylase and starch from different sources. In addition, it also exhibited antioxidant and emulsifying potential. The UV, FT-IR and fluorescence analysis affirm the alterations in amylase molecular conformation after interaction with the LGp inhibitor. These results provide a substantial basis for the future use of LGp for controlled starch hydrolysis in vitro and as an antioxidant and emulsifying agent in the food industry. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Singh
- Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab 140406 India
| | - Surbhi Goyal
- Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab 140406 India
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002 India
| | - Manoj Kumar Tripathi
- Agro Produce Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Agriculture Engineering, Bhopal, MP 462038 India
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7
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Leonarski E, Kuasnei M, Santos EH, Moraes PAD, Cesca K, de Oliveira D, Zielinski AAF. The Potential of Crude and Partially Purified Black Rice Bran Extracts Obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction: Anti-Glycemic, Cytotoxicity, Cytoprotective, and Antitumoral Effects. Foods 2024; 13:597. [PMID: 38397574 PMCID: PMC10887987 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recovering anthocyanins from black rice bran is a way of valuing this byproduct, by obtaining an extract with biological potential. The objective of this study was to recover anthocyanins using ultrasound-assisted extraction. Some of the extract was partially purified, and both (crude and partially purified) extracts were evaluated for their anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity, antidiabetic and antitumoral activities, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress. An increase in the laboratory scale was also achieved, making possible to increase the extraction volume up to 20 times without significantly changing the content of anthocyanins (1.85 mg C3G/g DW). It was found that the purified sample presented a 4.2 times higher value of total anthocyanins compared to the crude sample. The best IC50 values for the purified sample were verified by DPPH and ABTS (0.76 and 0.33 mg/mL). The best results for antidiabetic activity were obtained for the partially purified sample: 0.82 µM C3G for α-glucosidase and 12.5 µM C3G for α-amylase. The extracts demonstrated protection (~70%) when subjected to the oxidative stress of L929 cells. An antitumoral effect of 25-30% for both extracts was found in A459 cells. The crude and partially purified extracts of black rice have antidiabetic and anticancer effects and more studies are needed to explore their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Leonarski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88010-970, SC, Brazil; (E.L.); (M.K.); (E.H.S.); (K.C.); (D.d.O.)
| | - Mayara Kuasnei
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88010-970, SC, Brazil; (E.L.); (M.K.); (E.H.S.); (K.C.); (D.d.O.)
| | - Eloisa H. Santos
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88010-970, SC, Brazil; (E.L.); (M.K.); (E.H.S.); (K.C.); (D.d.O.)
| | - Paulo A. D. Moraes
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88010-970, SC, Brazil;
| | - Karina Cesca
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88010-970, SC, Brazil; (E.L.); (M.K.); (E.H.S.); (K.C.); (D.d.O.)
| | - Débora de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88010-970, SC, Brazil; (E.L.); (M.K.); (E.H.S.); (K.C.); (D.d.O.)
| | - Acácio A. F. Zielinski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88010-970, SC, Brazil; (E.L.); (M.K.); (E.H.S.); (K.C.); (D.d.O.)
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Bouakline H, Bouknana S, Merzouki M, Ziani I, Challioui A, Bnouham M, Tahani A, EL Bachiri A. The Phenolic Content of Pistacia lentiscus Leaf Extract and Its Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Properties. ScientificWorldJournal 2024; 2024:1998870. [PMID: 38356989 PMCID: PMC10866636 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1998870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the polyphenolic profile, to estimate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and to evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the extract of Pistacia lentiscus leaves, and the hydroacetonic mixture was employed as an alternative for common solvents in the extraction process. In order to explain the antidiabetic activity, molecular docking has been performed on the main constituents of the leaf extract. The characterization of the extract has been performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) leading to the detection of 20 compounds of which gallic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, kaempferol, and quercetin 3-glucoside were identified using authentic standards. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents, assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu and quercetin methods, were 394.5 ± 0.08 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract (mg GAE/g DE) and 101.2 ± 0.095 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry extract (mg QE/g DE), respectively. On the other hand, the antioxidant activity of leaf extract, quantified by determining the ability to neutralize the free radical DPPH and β-carotene/linoleate model system, reached the values of 0.0027 ± 0.002 mg/mL and 0.128 ± 0.04 mg/mL, respectively. Regarding the antidiabetic activity, based on the inhibition of pancreatic α-amylase activity, a significant inhibition of about 68.20% with an IC50 value of 0.266 mg/mL had been observed. This finding is consistent with the molecular docking study of the main phenolic compounds of the extracts, where a remarkable binding affinity against α-amylase was observed, with values of -7.631 (kcal/mol), -6.818 (kcal/mol), and -5.517 (kcal/mol) for the major compounds catechin, quercetin-3-glucoside, and gallic acid, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Bouakline
- Physical Chemistry of Natural Substances and Process Team, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Saliha Bouknana
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Merzouki
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment (LCAE-ECOMP), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Imane Ziani
- Physical Chemistry of Natural Substances and Process Team, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Allal Challioui
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment (LCAE-ECOMP), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bnouham
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdesselam Tahani
- Physical Chemistry of Natural Substances and Process Team, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ali EL Bachiri
- Physical Chemistry of Natural Substances and Process Team, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
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9
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Djaoudene O, Bachir-Bey M, Schisano C, Djebari S, Tenore GC, Romano A. A Sustainable Extraction Approach of Phytochemicals from Date ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) Fruit Cultivars Using Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent: A Comprehensive Study on Bioactivity and Phenolic Variability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:181. [PMID: 38397779 PMCID: PMC10886234 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) on the extraction of phytochemicals from eight Algerian date fruit cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.). In this study, lactic acid/sucrose-based NADESs were used as an alternative to conventional chemical solvents using the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method. The obtained extracts were assessed for the determination of bioactive compound contents, phenolic composition, antioxidant activity, and enzyme inhibitory potential. The results showed a considerable variation in phytochemical compositions and related activities between cultivars, where the greatest contents of total phenolics (1288.7 mg GAE/100 g), total flavonoids (53.8 mg QE/100 g), proanthocyanidins (179.5 mg CE/g), and total triterpenoids (12.88 mg OAE/100 g) were detected in the fruits of the Ourous cultivar. The same cultivar displayed the highest antioxidant capacity against DPPH• free radical (595 mg AAE/100 g), ABTS•+ cation radical (839 mg TE/100 g), and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (704 mg AAE/100 g). All extracts manifested moderate antioxidant activities tested by phosphomolybdenum, NO•, and linoleic acid lipid peroxidation assays. These extracts also exhibited interesting levels of in vitro enzyme inhibition; the Ourous cultivar gave the best inhibitory activity against α-amylase and acetylcholinesterase with 45 and 37%, respectively. HPLC-DAD-MS detected a total of five compounds, with phenolic acids and flavonoids being the main phenolics identified in the extract. The phenolic composition exhibited significant variability among cultivars. Notably, the highest amounts were revealed in the Tazizaout cultivar, with the predominance of gallic acid. The results confirmed that the combination of UAE and NADESs provides a novel and important alternative to chemical solvents for sustainable and environmentally friendly extraction and can represent a good alternative in food and pharmaceutical industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouarda Djaoudene
- Centre de Recherche en Technologies Agroalimentaires, Route de Targa Ouzemmour, Campus Universitaire, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Mostapha Bachir-Bey
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria;
| | - Connie Schisano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (C.S.); (G.C.T.)
| | - Sabrina Djebari
- Laboratory of Biomathematic, Biophysic, Biochemistry and Scientometry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria;
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (C.S.); (G.C.T.)
| | - Anabela Romano
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
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10
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Petrović A, Madić V, Stojanović G, Zlatanović I, Zlatković B, Vasiljević P, Đorđević L. Antidiabetic effects of polyherbal mixture made of Centaurium erythraea, Cichorium intybus and Potentilla erecta. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117032. [PMID: 37582477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The polyherbal mixture made of Centaurium erythraea aerial parts and Cichorium intybus roots and Potentilla erecta rhizomes has been used for centuries to treat both the primary and secondary complications of diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY As a continuation of our search for the most effective herbal mixture used as an ethnopharmacological remedy for diabetes, this study aimed to compare the in vitro biological activities of this polyherbal mixture and its individual ingredients, and, most importantly, to validate the ethnopharmacological value of the herbal mixture through evaluation of its phytochemical composition, its potential in vivo toxicity and its effect on diabetes complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical analysis was performed using HPLC-UV. Antioxidant activity was estimated via the DPPH test. Potential cytotoxicity/anticytotoxicity was assessed using an in vitro RBCs antihemolytic assay and an in vivo sub-chronic oral toxicity method. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated using an in vitro α-amylase inhibition assay and in vivo using a chemically induced diabetic rat model. RESULTS The HPLC-UV analysis revealed the presence of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid derivative, catechin, five catechin derivatives, epicatechin, isoquercetin, hyperoside, rutin, four quercetin derivatives, caffeic acid, and four caffeic acid derivatives in the polyherbal mixture decoction. Treatment with the decoction has shown no toxic effects. The antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of the polyherbal mixture were higher than the reference's ones. Its antidiabetic activity was high in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Fourteen days of treatment with the decoction (15 g/kg) completely normalized blood glucose levels of diabetic animals, while treatments with insulin and glimepiride only slightly lowered glycemic values. In addition, lipid status of treated animals as well as levels of serum AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine, urea and MDA were completely normalized. In addition, the polyherbal mixture completely restored the histopathological changes of the liver, kidneys and all four Cornu ammonis regions of the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS The polyherbal mixture was effective in the prevention of both primary and secondary diabetic complications such as hyperlipidemia, increased lipid peroxidation, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, nephropathy and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Petrović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia.
| | - Višnja Madić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Gordana Stojanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Ivana Zlatanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Bojan Zlatković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Perica Vasiljević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Ljubiša Đorđević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
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11
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Torres-Benítez A, Ortega-Valencia JE, Jara-Pinuer N, Sanchez M, Vargas-Arana G, Gómez-Serranillos MP, Simirgiotis MJ. Antioxidant and antidiabetic activity and phytoconstituents of lichen extracts with temperate and polar distribution. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1251856. [PMID: 38026927 PMCID: PMC10646315 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1251856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to characterize the chemical composition of ethanolic extracts of the lichen species Placopsis contortuplicata, Ochrolechia frigida, and Umbilicaria antarctica, their antioxidant activity, and enzymatic inhibition through in vitro and molecular docking analysis. In total phenol content, FRAP, ORAC, and DPPH assays, the extracts showed significant antioxidant activity, and in in vitro assays for the inhibition of pancreatic lipase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase enzymes, together with in silico studies for the prediction of pharmacokinetic properties, toxicity risks, and intermolecular interactions of compounds, the extracts evidenced inhibitory potential. A total of 13 compounds were identified by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS in P. contortuplicata, 18 compounds in O. frigida, and 12 compounds in U. antarctica. This study contributes to the knowledge of the pool of bioactive compounds present in lichens of temperate and polar distribution and biological characteristics that increase interest in the discovery of natural products that offer alternatives for treatment studies of diseases related to oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Torres-Benítez
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Nicolás Jara-Pinuer
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marta Sanchez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Vargas-Arana
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Avenue Abelardo Quiñones, Iquitos, Peru
- Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
| | - María Pilar Gómez-Serranillos
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario J. Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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12
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Khan ZUR, Assad N, Naeem-Ul-Hassan M, Sher M, Alatawi FS, Alatawi MS, Omran AME, Jame RMA, Adnan M, Khan MN, Ali B, Wahab S, Razak SA, Javed MA, Kaplan A, Rahimi M. Aconitum lycoctonum L. (Ranunculaceae) mediated biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles as potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antidiabetic agents. BMC Chem 2023; 17:128. [PMID: 37770921 PMCID: PMC10540474 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a polar extract of Aconitum lycoctonum L. was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), followed by their characterization using different techniques and evaluation of their potential as antioxidants, amylase inhibitors, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents. The formation of AgNPs was detected by a color change, from transparent to dark brown, within 15 min and a surface resonance peak at 460 nm in the UV-visible spectrum. The FTIR spectra confirmed the involvement of various biomolecules in the synthesis of AgNPs. The average diameter of these spherical AgNPs was 67 nm, as shown by the scanning electron micrograph. The inhibition zones showed that the synthesized nanoparticles inhibited the growth of Gram-positive and negative bacteria. FRAP and DPPH assays were used to demonstrate the antioxidant potential of AgNPs. The highest value of FRAP (50.47% AAE/mL) was detected at a concentration of 90 ppm and a DPPH scavenging activity of 69.63% GAE was detected at a concentration of 20 µg/mL of the synthesized AgNPs. 500 µg/mL of the synthesized AgNPs were quite efficient in causing 91.78% denaturation of ovalbumin. The AgNPs mediated by A. lycoctonum also showed an inhibitory effect on α-amylase. Therefore, AgNPs synthesized from A. lycoctonum may serve as potential candidates for antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zia Ur Rehman Khan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Assad
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Sher
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Fatema Suliman Alatawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen Suliman Alatawi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif M E Omran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha M A Jame
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, University of Dalanj, Dalanj, Sudan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | | | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Wahab
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sarah Abdul Razak
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ammar Javed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Alevcan Kaplan
- Department of Crop and Animal Production, Sason Vocational School, Batman University, 72060, Batman, Turkey
| | - Mehdi Rahimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
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13
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Tiwari R, Mishra S, Danaboina G, Pratap Singh Jadaun G, Kalaivani M, Kalaiselvan V, Dhobi M, Raghuvanshi RS. Comprehensive chemo-profiling of coumarins enriched extract derived from Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa fruit pulp, as an anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory agent. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101708. [PMID: 37564748 PMCID: PMC10410585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa is an Indian medicinal plant known for its vast therapeutic activities. In Ayurveda, the plant is known to balance "vata," "pitta," and "kapha" dosh. Recent studies suggest anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-diabetic potential but lack in defining the dosage over the therapeutic activities. This study aims to determine the chemical profile of Aegle marmelos fruit extract; identification, enrichment, and characterization of the principal active component(s) having anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic potential. Targeted enrichment of total coumarins, focusing on marmelosin, marmesin, aegeline, psoralen, scopoletin, and umbelliferone, was done from Aegle marmelos fruit pulp, and characterized using advanced high-throughput techniques. In vitro and in silico anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities were assessed to confirm their efficacy and affinity as anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory agents. The target compounds were also analysed for toxicity by in silico ADMET study and in vitro MTT assay on THP-1 and A549 cell lines. The coumarins enrichment process designed, was found specific for coumarins isolation as it resulted into 48.61% of total coumarins enrichment, which includes 31.2% marmelosin, 8.9% marmesin, 4% psoralen, 2% scopoletin, 1.7% umbelliferone, and 0.72% aegeline. The quantification with HPTLC and qNMR was found to be correlated with the HPLC assay results. The present study validates the potential use of Aegle marmelos as an anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic agent. Coumarins enriched from the plant fruit have good therapeutic activity and can be used for Phytopharmaceutical ingredient development. The study is novel, in which coumarins were enriched and characterized by a simple and sophisticated methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Tiwari
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Smita Mishra
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gnanabhaskar Danaboina
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gaurav Pratap Singh Jadaun
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - M. Kalaivani
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vivekanandan Kalaiselvan
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mahaveer Dhobi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Rajeev S Raghuvanshi
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Drugs Controller General of India, Central Drugs Standard Control Organization, FDA Bhawan, Kotla Road, New Delhi 110002, India
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14
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Bastos RG, Rodrigues SDO, Marques LA, Oliveira CMD, Salles BCC, Zanatta AC, Rocha FD, Vilegas W, Pagnossa JP, de A Paula FB, da Silva GA, Batiha GE, Aggad SS, Alotaibi BS, Yousef FM, da Silva MA. Eugenia sonderiana O. Berg leaves: Phytochemical characterization, evaluation of in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic effects, and structure-activity correlation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115126. [PMID: 37494787 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Several medicinal plants have drawn the attention of researchers by its phytochemical composition regarding their potential for treating chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. In this context, plants of the Myrtaceae family popularly used in Brazil for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, including Eugenia sonderiana, have shown beneficial effects due to the presence of phenolic compounds and saponins in their chemical constitution. Thus, the present work aimed to perform the phytochemical characterization of the hydroethanolic extract of E. sonderiana leaves using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), along with in vitro and in vivo studies of antidiabetic activity. The chemical characterization revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, neolignans, tannins, and saponins. In addition, the extract exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations of alpha-amylase and alpha-glycosidase higher than the acarbose in the in vitro tests. Also, the in vivo tests revealed a slight increase in body mass in diabetic rats, as well as a significant decrease in water and feed consumption provided by the extract. Regarding serum biochemical parameters, the extract showed significant activity in decreasing the levels of glucose, hepatic enzymes, and triglycerides, in addition to maintaining HDL cholesterol levels within normal ranges, protecting the cell membranes against oxidative damage. Thus, the extract of E. sonderiana leaves was considered promising pharmaceutical ingredient in the production of a phytotherapy medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan G Bastos
- Department of Food and Drugs, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Sarah de O Rodrigues
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University, Poços de Caldas, Brazil
| | | | - Carla M de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Bruno C C Salles
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Ana C Zanatta
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Brazil
| | | | - Wagner Vilegas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University, Poços de Caldas, Brazil
| | - Jorge P Pagnossa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University, Poços de Caldas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda B de A Paula
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Geraldo A da Silva
- Department of Food and Drugs, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Gaber E Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Sarah S Aggad
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badriyah S Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah M Yousef
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcelo A da Silva
- Department of Food and Drugs, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Brazil.
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15
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Wu H, Xie D, Jia P, Tang Z, Shi D, Shui G, Wang G, Yang W. Homeostasis of flavonoids and triterpenoids most likely modulates starch metabolism for pollen tube penetration in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1757-1772. [PMID: 37221659 PMCID: PMC10440988 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, the timely delivery of sperm cell nuclei by pollen tube (PT) to the ovule is vital for double fertilization. Penetration of PT into maternal stigma tissue is a critical step for sperm cell nuclei delivery, yet little is known about the process. Here, a male-specific and sporophytic mutant xt6, where PTs are able to germinate but unable to penetrate the stigma tissue, is reported in Oryza sativa. Through genetic study, the causative gene was identified as Chalcone synthase (OsCHS1), encoding the first enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis. Indeed, flavonols were undetected in mutant pollen grains and PTs, indicating that the mutation abolished flavonoid biosynthesis. Nevertheless, the phenotype cannot be rescued by exogenous application of quercetin and kaempferol as reported in maize and petunia, suggesting a different mechanism exists in rice. Further analysis showed that loss of OsCHS1 function disrupted the homeostasis of flavonoid and triterpenoid metabolism and led to the accumulation of triterpenoid, which inhibits significantly α-amylase activity, amyloplast hydrolysis and monosaccharide content in xt6, these ultimately impaired tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, reduced ATP content and lowered the turgor pressure as well. Our findings reveal a new mechanism that OsCHS1 modulates starch hydrolysis and glycometabolism through modulating the metabolic homeostasis of flavonoids and triterpenoids which affects α-amylase activity to maintain PT penetration in rice, which contributes to a better understanding of the function of CHS1 in crop fertility and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua‐Mao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable BiobreedingInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Advanced Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dong‐Jiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Advanced Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Peng‐Fei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Advanced Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zuo‐Shun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Advanced Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dong‐Qiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Advanced Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guang‐Hou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Advanced Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guo‐Dong Wang
- College of Advanced Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wei‐Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Advanced Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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16
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Salem MA, Aborehab NM, Abdelhafez MM, Ismail SH, Maurice NW, Azzam MA, Alseekh S, Fernie AR, Salama MM, Ezzat SM. Anti-Obesity Effect of a Tea Mixture Nano-Formulation on Rats Occurs via the Upregulation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase/Sirtuin-1/Glucose Transporter Type 4 and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Pathways. Metabolites 2023; 13:871. [PMID: 37512578 PMCID: PMC10385210 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
White, green, and oolong teas are produced from the tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) and are reported to have anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects. The current study aims to investigate the anti-obesity effects of a tea mixture nano-formulation by targeting the AMPK/Sirt-1/GLUT-4 axis in rats. In vitro lipase and α-amylase inhibition assays were used to determine the active sample, which was then incorporated into a nanoparticle formulation subjected to in vivo anti-obesity testing in rats by measuring the expression level of different genes implicated in adipogenesis and inflammation using qRT-PCR. Moreover, metabolomic analysis was performed for each tea extract using LC/ESI MS/MS coupled to chemometrics in an attempt to find a correlation between the constituents of the extracts and their biological activity. The in vitro pancreatic lipase and α-amylase inhibition assays demonstrated more effective activity in the tea mixture than the standards, orlistat and acarbose, respectively, and each tea alone. Thus, the herbal tea mixture and its nanoparticle formulation were evaluated for their in vivo anti-obesity activity. Intriguingly, the tea mixture significantly decreased the serum levels of glucose and triglycerides and increased the mRNA expression of GLUT-4, P-AMPK, Sirt-1, and PPAR-γ, which induce lipolysis while also decreasing the mRNA expression of TNF-α and ADD1/SREBP-1c, thereby inhibiting the inflammation associated with obesity. Our study suggests that the tea mixture nano-formulation is a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of obesity and may also be beneficial in other metabolic disorders by targeting the AMPK/Sirt-1/Glut-4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Salem
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Gamal Abd El Nasr Street, Shibin Elkom 32511, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Nora M Aborehab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Mai M Abdelhafez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Sameh H Ismail
- Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Sheikh Zayed Branch Campus, Cairo University, Sheikh Zayed, Giza 12588, Egypt
| | - Nadine W Maurice
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - May A Azzam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maha M Salama
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Suez Desert Road, El Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
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Eid AM, Jaradat N, Shraim N, Hawash M, Issa L, Shakhsher M, Nawahda N, Hanbali A, Barahmeh N, Taha B, Mousa A. Assessment of anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-obesity and antioxidant activity of Ocimum Basilicum seeds essential oil from Palestine. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:221. [PMID: 37403162 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04058-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many modern pharmaceutical researchers continue to focus on the discovery and evaluation of natural compounds for possible therapies for obesity, diabetes, infections, cancer, and oxidative stress. Extraction of Ocimum basilicum seed essential oil and evaluation of its antioxidant, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities were the goals of the current study. METHOD O. basilicum seed essential oil was extracted and evaluated for its anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic properties utilizing standard biomedical assays. RESULTS O. basilicum seed essential oil showed good anticancer activity against Hep3B (IC50 56.23 ± 1.32 µg/ml) and MCF-7 (80.35 ± 1.17 µg/ml) when compared with the positive control, Doxorubicin. In addition, the essential oil showed potent antibacterial (against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and antifungal (against Candida albicans) activities. Moreover, as for the anti-amylase test, IC50 was 74.13 ± 1.1 µg/ml, a potent effect compared with the IC50 of acarbose, which was 28.10 ± 0.7 µg/ml. On the other hand, for the anti-lipase test, the IC50 was 112.20 ± 0.7 µg/ml a moderate effect compared with the IC50 of orlistat, which was 12.30 ± 0.8 µg/ml. Finally, the oil had a potent antioxidant effect with an IC50 of 23.44 ± 0.9 µg/ml compared with trolox (IC50 was 2.7 ± 0.5 µg/ml). CONCLUSION This study has provided initial data that supports the importance of O. basilcum essential oil in traditional medicine. The extracted oil not only exhibited significant anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties but also antidiabetic and anti-obesity effects, which provided a foundation for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M Eid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Naser Shraim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Linda Issa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Shakhsher
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Nour Nawahda
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ali Hanbali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Noor Barahmeh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Basil Taha
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ahmed Mousa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Bui AV, Pham TV, Nguyen KN, Nguyen NT, Huynh KD, Dang V, Ruml T, Truong D. Chemical compositions and biological activities of Serevenia buxifolia essential oil leaves cultivated in Vietnam (Thua Thien Hue). Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4060-4072. [PMID: 37457193 PMCID: PMC10345695 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Serevenia buxifolia is an evergreen citrus plant and has attracted considerable attention due to its bioactive components and biological activities. In the present study, the essential oil (EO) from S. buxifolia cultivated in Vietnam was demonstrated to exhibit the in vitro antioxidant, thrombolytic, anti-hemolysis, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. Briefly, the gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the leaf EO of S. buxifolia was composed of 33 components, with the main constituents being β-carypphyllene (32.5%), and elixene (9.8%). The extracted oil possessed a fairly high free radical scavenging activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), with an IC50 value of 190.7 μg/mL compared with positive control, α-tocopherol, IC50 value of 42.6 μg/mL. The EO also exhibited thrombolytic activity: the percentage of inhibition was found to be 70.75% at 100 μL, in comparison with 87.2% for the positive control, streptokinase. For hemolytic activity, the percentage of inhibition of the EO was from 27.4% to 59.6% at concentrations from 10 to 100 μg/mL, respectively. The results of in vitro anti-inflammatory activity indicated that the EO of S. buxifolia leaves effectively protects the heat-induced denaturation, with an IC50 value of 40.25 μg/mL. The EO also exhibited antidiabetic potential, with IC50 values of 87.8 and 134.9 μg/mL against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. It is noteworthy that the potent biological activities of the obtained S. buxifolia oil increased in a dose-dependent manner. The results achieved show that the EO of S. buxifolia leaves can be a potential source for oxidative stress, inflammatory, and diabetic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Vo Bui
- Faculty of Applied SciencesTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Thanh Vy Pham
- Faculty of Applied SciencesTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Kim Ngan Nguyen
- Faculty of Applied SciencesTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Nhat Tan Nguyen
- Faculty of Applied SciencesTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Khanh Duy Huynh
- Faculty of Applied SciencesTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Van‐Son Dang
- Institute of Tropical BiologyVietnam Academy Science and TechnologyHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Tomas Ruml
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical TechnologyUniversity of Chemistry and TechnologyPragueCzech Republic
| | - Dieu‐Hien Truong
- Faculty of Applied SciencesTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
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Vignesh A, Amal TC, Janani Sree S, Selvakumar S, Vasanth K. Conservation linkages of endangered medicinal plant and exploration of phytochemicals, pharmaceutical screening and in silico validation against diabetics using in vivo wild and in vitro regenerated plant Boucerosia diffusa Wight. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:237. [PMID: 37333715 PMCID: PMC10271989 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Boucerosia diffusa Wight. is an important endangered medicinal plant belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae. In this study, an efficient protocol has been developed for B. diffusa using nodal explants for callus induction and direct organogenesis. The optimal callus induction (83.7%) was observed on 0.6 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in Murashige and Skoog medium. The shoot regeneration was observed on different concentrations and combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 2,4-D using shoot induction (88.5%) was observed on 0.5 mg/L BAP and 0.6 mg/L 2,4-D. Maximum root induction frequency (85.6%) was obtained on 0.6 mg/L α-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/L BAP. The fully developed plants were acclimatized (98.86% survival rate) and transferred to natural photoperiod conditions. The phytochemical and pharmacological activity was determined in in vitro-regenerated plants (IRP) and was compared to in vivo wild plants (IWP). The primary and the secondary metabolite contents of bioactive compounds were significantly higher in the methanolic extract of IRP. A comparative antioxidant activity study shows IRP exhibited better scavenging activity. The antidiabetic activity of α- amylase (IC50 - 71.56 ± 15.4 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 - 82.94 ± 12.84 µg/mL) inhibitor activity also exhibited maximum in methanolic extract of IRP. Furthermore, chemical composition was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria, IRP methanolic extracts showed a maximum zone of inhibition (75 µg/mL) observed against Salmonella typhi (23.5 ± 0.5 mm) compared to the IWP. Molecular docking analysis of B. diffusa inhibition of antidiabetic activity showed better affinity in β-Sitosterol. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03645-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Vignesh
- Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 046 India
| | - Thomas Cheeran Amal
- Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 046 India
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, RS, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 003 India
| | | | | | - Krishnan Vasanth
- Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 046 India
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Kumari S, Saini R, Bhatnagar A, Mishra A. HR-LCMS and evaluation of anti-diabetic activity of Hemidesmus indicus (anantmool): Kinetic study, and molecular modelling approach. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 105:107896. [PMID: 37263051 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study delved into the exploration of novel antidiabetic medications acquired from natural resources, utilizing the Ayurvedic Rasayana herb Hemidesmus indicus through cutting-edge chemoprofiling and molecular modelling techniques. The methanolic extract of Hemidesmus indicus root exhibited the highest extractive yield (24.70 ± 0.08 %) and contained substantial levels of total phenolic and flavonoid content as 154.15 ± 1.24 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/g extract and 70.61 ± 0.35 Quercetin Equivalent/g extract respectively. Invitro study revealed the potent inhibitory potential of methanolic extract of the herb against essential carbohydrate hydrolytic enzymes α-amylase (IC50 = 4.19 ± 0.04 mg/ml) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 5.78 ± 0.10 mg/ml). Further, the enzyme kinetic study demonstrated the competitive mode of inhibition of both enzymes. HR-LCMS analysis identified the major phytoconstituents present in the extracts, including Solanocapsine, Cyclovirobuxine C, Lucidine B, Zygadenine, Aspidospermidine, silychristin, 3beta-3-Hydroxy-18-lupen-21-one, Manglupenone, and 19-Noretiocholanolone. Molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and MM/GBSA analysis have proved stable, rigid, compact, and folded form of complexes during the entire 100 ns simulation, illustrating Zygadenine, Solanocapsine, and Cyclovirobuxine C as the superior inhibitors of α-A protein, while Zygadenine, Plumieride, and Phlegmarine exhibited greater inhibitory behaviour towards α-G protein than the FDA-approved drug acarbose. Collectively, our findings indicate that the Hemidesmus indicus could be a promising source of α-A and α-G inhibitors, potentially serving as a lead in order to develop medications for type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Kumari
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Saini
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditi Bhatnagar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abha Mishra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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21
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Extraction Optimization, Preliminary Identification, and Bioactivities in Corn Silk. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:5685174. [PMID: 36777625 PMCID: PMC9911244 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5685174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
For thousands of years, corn silk has been widely used as an antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antihyperlipidemic and for other effects, but there is a lack of studies that correlate the extracts of flavonoid composition with their biological activities. Thus, the objectives of this study were to optimize the conditions for extracting flavonoids, identify flavonoids, and correlate the flavonoid composition with the biological activities in corn silk. The response surface experiments showed that the highest flavonoid content was predicted at 45.321 min, 57.349°C, 26.089 mL/g, and 71.269%, respectively. The verification experiment results under these optimized conditions showed an ultrasonic time of 45 min, an ultrasonic temperature of 57°C, a liquid-to-material ratio of 26, and an ethanol volume fraction of 70%. No significant differences (the relative error is 4.378%) were observed between the theoretical and experimental TFC values, indicating that the developed models were accurate. Under these optimum extraction conditions, 20 major compounds were identified and quantified by UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS. Furthermore, these optimum ethanol extracts of corn silk are effective against Bacillus subtilis and hypoglycemic activity compared with the traditional heating reflux extraction method. Six corn silk components seem to be the main contributors to the inhibitory effect against Bacillus subtilis and hyperglycemia activities. These results are useful for the application of corn silk in the food or pharmaceutical industry.
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Ramos LC, Palacios J, Barrientos RE, Gómez J, Castagnini JM, Barba FJ, Tapia A, Paredes A, Cifuentes F, Simirgiotis MJ. UHPLC-MS Phenolic Fingerprinting, Aorta Endothelium Relaxation Effect, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav Berries. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030643. [PMID: 36766170 PMCID: PMC9914855 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav. is a small Chilean native plant from Patagonia, a producer of small white reddish berries. For the first time, the proximal analysis of the fruits, phenolic fingerprinting, the antioxidant activity, and the enzymatic inhibition and relaxation effects in rat aorta induced by the ethanolic extract of these fruits were investigated. The proximal composition and the mineral (Ca: 2434 ± 40 mg/kg; Mg: 702 ± 13 mg/kg; Fe: 117.1 ± 1.6 mg/kg; Zn: 16.1 ± 0.4 mg/kg) and heavy metal (As: 121 ± 11 µg/kg; Cd: 152 ± 5 µg/kg; Hg: 7.7 ± 1.3 µg/kg; Pb 294 ± 4 µg/kg) contents were analyzed. Anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and coumarins were identified using UHPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS. The ethanolic extracts showed a total phenolic content of 23.50 ± 0.93 mg GAE/g extract. In addition, the antioxidant activity was assessed using both DPPH and TEAC (28.64 ± 1.87 and 34.72 ± 2.33 mg Trolox/g of dry fruit, respectively), FRAP (25.32 ± 0.23 mg Trolox equivalent/g dry fruit), and ORAC (64.95 ± 1.23 mg Trolox equivalents/g dry fruit). The inhibition of enzymatic activities (acetylcholinesterase IC50: 2.87 + 0.23 µg extract/mL, butyrylcholinesterase IC50: 6.73 + 0.07 µg extract/mL, amylase IC50: 5.6 ± 0.0 µg extract/mL, lipase IC50: 30.8 ± 0.0 µg extract/mL, and tyrosinase IC50: 9.25 ± 0.15 µg extract/mL) was also assessed. The extract showed 50-60% relaxation in rat aorta (intact), mediated thorough the release of endothelial nitric oxide. Our results suggest that A. dentata is a good source of compounds with the capacity to inhibit important enzymes, can be hypotensive, and can thus have good potentiality as supplements in the amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases and could also have potential to be used to develop new functional foods. The study highlights the benefits of these neglected small fruits and could boost their consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cuesta Ramos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Javier Palacios
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Aplicada, Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | - Ruth E. Barrientos
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Jessica Gómez
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP 5400, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Castagnini
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.C.); (M.J.S.); Tel.: +56-63-63233257 (M.J.S.)
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Alejandro Tapia
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP 5400, Argentina
| | - Adrián Paredes
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | - Fredi Cifuentes
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Experimental, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | - Mario J. Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Correspondence: (J.M.C.); (M.J.S.); Tel.: +56-63-63233257 (M.J.S.)
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Effects of Phoenix dactylifera against Streptozotocin-Aluminium Chloride Induced Alzheimer's Rats and Their In Silico Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:1725638. [PMID: 36654869 PMCID: PMC9842421 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1725638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Phoenix dactylifera is known for medicinal importance due to its antioxidant, antidiabetic, antidepressant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of P. dactylifera seeds to cure Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD was induced in the rats with streptozotocin + aluminium chloride followed by treatment of methanolic extract of P. dactylifera seeds. The blood glucose levels were determined at regular intervals, which showed a prominent decrease in the extracts treated group. Behavior tests, including the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) test and Morris Water Maze (MWM) test, were used to evaluate memory patterns in rats. The results indicated that extract-treated rats significantly improved memory behavior compared to the diseased group. After dissection, the serum electrolytes, antioxidant enzymes, and choline esterase enzymes were measured in different organs. The serum parameters creatinine, urea, and bilirubin increased after extract treatment. Similarly, the level of antioxidant enzymes like peroxidases (POD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in the extract-treated group showed improved results that were close to the normal control group. The enzyme (lipase, insulin, amylase, and acetylcholine) levels were found enhanced in extract groups as compared to diseased rats. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the level of dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitters, which were increased significantly for P. dactylifera seeds with values of 0.18 μg/mg tissue and 0.56 μg/mg tissue, respectively. Overall, results showed that P. dactylifera seeds proved to be quite efficient in improving the memory and behavior of treated rats. The antioxidants and enzymes were also increased; therefore, it may be a potential candidate for treating AD.
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Pham HHT, Kim DH, Nguyen TL. Wide-genome selection of lactic acid bacteria harboring genes that promote the elimination of antinutritional factors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1145041. [PMID: 37180381 PMCID: PMC10171302 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1145041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) substances in plant products, such as indigestible non-starchy polysaccharides (α-galactooligosaccharides, α-GOS), phytate, tannins, and alkaloids can impede the absorption of many critical nutrients and cause major physiological disorders. To enhance silage quality and its tolerance threshold for humans as well as other animals, ANFs must be reduced. This study aims to identify and compare the bacterial species/strains that are potential use for industrial fermentation and ANFs reduction. A pan-genome study of 351 bacterial genomes was performed, and binary data was processed to quantify the number of genes involved in the removal of ANFs. Among four pan-genomes analysis, all 37 tested Bacillus subtilis genomes had one phytate degradation gene, while 91 out of 150 Enterobacteriacae genomes harbor at least one genes (maximum three). Although, no gene encoding phytase detected in genomes of Lactobacillus and Pediococcus species, they have genes involving indirectly in metabolism of phytate-derivatives to produce Myo-inositol, an important compound in animal cells physiology. In contrast, genes related to production of lectin, tannase and saponin degrading enzyme did not include in genomes of B. subtilis and Pediococcus species. Our findings suggest a combination of bacterial species and/or unique strains in fermentation, for examples, two Lactobacillus strains (DSM 21115 and ATCC 14869) with B. subtilis SRCM103689, would maximize the efficiency in reducing the ANFs concentration. In conclusion, this study provides insights into bacterial genomes analysis for maximizing nutritional value in plant-based food. Further investigations of gene numbers and repertories correlated to metabolism of different ANFs will help clarifying the efficiency of time consuming and food qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ha-Thi Pham
- VK Tech Research Center, NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Luan Nguyen
- Department of Science and Technology, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- *Correspondence: Thanh Luan Nguyen,
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Phytochemical Investigation and Therapeutical Potential of Cotinus coggygria Scop. in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8802178. [PMID: 36624877 PMCID: PMC9825219 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8802178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants are a significant source for the development of new phytomedicines due to their great clinical benefits, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, fewer side effects, and more affordable therapies. Numerous plants used in traditional treatments, such as Cotinus coggygria Scop., have been effective in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, the study is aimed at assessing the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties of C. coggygria. The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity was evaluated in Swiss male Albino mice by administering an oral dose of 150-250 mg/kg of C. coggygria extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic mice for 15 days. The antioxidant activity and phytochemical composition of the extracts were assessed by using α, α diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays and through standard chemical procedures. The effects of extracts on blood glucose, body weight, lipid profile, and biochemical parameters like total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipids (LDL), high-density lipids (HDL), plasma insulin, liver glycogen, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, and creatinine were determined according to standard procedures. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide-dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were also analyzed spectrophotometrically. The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects with chloroform extracts of 250 mg/kg were found significant in the treatment of diabetes in alloxanised mice compared to the diabetic group. The haematological parameters such as TC, TG, HDL, LDL, creatinine, urea, AST, ALT, and ALP were significantly improved (p < 0.01) by the chloroform extract of 250 mg/kg compared to the diabetic group. Treatment for 15 days showed significant elevation (p < 0.01) of antioxidant enzymes. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), column chromatography (CC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses tentatively identified different phytoconstitutents and metabolites in C. coggygria leaves, which have been reported to possess antihyperglycemic properties. In conclusion, the chloroform extract of 250 mg/kg of C. coggygria possesses significant hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic potential which may prove the claimed use of the plant in amelioration of diabetes and associated complications in folkloric medicine. Additional studies are required for the purification, characterization, and structural elucidation of bioactive compounds.
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In vitro and in silico studies of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Allium sativum against diabetes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22109. [PMID: 36543812 PMCID: PMC9772310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from the bulbs of Allium sativum, characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM, HR-TEM, EDAX analysis and investigated its action on the inhibition of starch digestion. The results proved that the biosynthesized nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed, spherical shaped with the size ranging from 10 to 30 nm. The phytochemical and FT-IR analysis showed the presence of phenols, terpenoids, and amino acids in the synthesized AgNPs. The cytotoxicity analysis revealed that the synthesized AgNPs were non-toxic to the normal cells. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited significant free radical scavenging activity. The in vitro antidiabetic activity showed that the synthesized AgNPs increased glucose utilization, decreased hepatic glucose production, inhibited the activity of starch digestive enzymes such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and were not involved in the stimulation of pancreatic cells for the secretion of insulin. The in silico antidiabetic activity analysis (molecular docking) also revealed that the silver atoms of the AgNPs interacted with the amino acid residues of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and insulin. The present study proved that the AgNPs synthesized from A. sativum have prominent antidiabetic activity in terms of reducing the hyperglycemia through the increased glucose utilization, decreased hepatic glucose production, and the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. So it can be used as a promising nanomedicine for the treatment of diabetes.
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Gok HN, Pekacar S, Deliorman Orhan D. Investigation of Enzyme Inhibitory Activities, Antioxidant Activities, and Chemical Properties of Pistacia vera Leaves Using LC-QTOF-MS and RP-HPLC. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e127033. [PMID: 36060918 PMCID: PMC9420224 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-127033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the leaves of some Pistacia species are used in traditional folk medicine for diabetes, this study investigated the in vitro antidiabetic effect (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) of Pistacia vera leaves. Additionally, the current study investigated the antihypercholesterolemic (cholesterol esterase), antiobesity (pancreatic lipase), and antioxidant activities (i.e., total antioxidant capacity, DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power) of P. vera leaves. The aqueous-alcoholic leaf extract inhibited α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 7.74 ± 0.72, 11.08 ± 3.96, and 168.43 ± 26.10 µg/mL, respectively. It was determined that the crude extract had high DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric-reducing power, and moderate metal chelating activity. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) subextract obtained by the liquid-liquid fractionation of the crude extract showed potent α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The EtOAc subextract (5.794 ± 0.027 g/100 g subextract) was standardized by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography based on β-pentagalloyl glucose, which showed inhibitory effects on both amylase and glucosidase enzymes. Fifteen compounds, seven of which are organic acid derivatives and eight of which are flavonoids, were identified by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) analysis in the crude extract of P. vera leaves. Seven of the fifteen phenolic compounds detected in the crude extract by LC-QTOF-MS have both glucosidase and amylase inhibitory effects. As a result, P. vera leaves can be a potential source for compounds with high antioxidant effects that show inhibitory effects on enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion in the prevention and treatment of diabetes or can be evaluated as a standardized extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasya Nazli Gok
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Etiler, Ankara, Turkey. Tel: +90-3122023172, Fax: +90-3122235018,
| | - Sultan Pekacar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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You Z, Li Y, Zhang K, Zheng X, Wong VKW, Liu W. Inhibitory effect of plant essential oils on α-glucosidase. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1593-1602. [PMID: 36278134 PMCID: PMC9582169 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, associated with α-glucosidase, has been considered as a chronic metabolic disorder, seriously affecting human health. Thus, searching natural α-glucosidase inhibitors and investigating their inhibition mechanism are urgently important. In this study, sixty-two essential oils (EOs), derived from aromatic plants, were found to exert different inhibition on α-glucosidase. The further study revealed that the most potent EOs against α-glucosidase were chuan-xiong, fructus cnidii, sacha inchi, aloe, ganoderma lucidum spore and ginger with IC50 values of 3.02, 2.88, 7.37, 5.06, 5.32 and 7.40 μg/mL. Moreover, the inhibitory mechanism and kinetics studies found that chuan-xiong and sacha inchi were reversible and mixed-type inhibitors. Fructus cnidii, aloe, ganoderma lucidum spore and ginger were reversible and uncompetitive-type inhibitors. It is suggested that EOs, being of natural origin, would be promising anti-α-glucosidase agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglin You
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China
| | - Yonglian Li
- School of Eco-Environment Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, 510300 China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China
| | - Xi Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China
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Koki M, Yalo M, Makhaba M, Nako N, Rautenbach F, Badmus JA, Marnewick J, Hussein AA, Mabusela WT. Phytochemical Investigation and Biological Studies on Selected Searsia Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2793. [PMID: 36297817 PMCID: PMC9606921 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Searsia is the more recent name for the genus Rhus, which contains over 250 individual species of flowering plants in the family Anacardiaceae. Several Searsia species are used in folk medicine and have been reported to exhibit various biological activities. Although known to exhibit different terpenoids and flavonoids, the chemistry of the Searsia genus is not comprehensively studied due to the structural complexity of the compounds. In this study, the extraction, isolation, and identification of secondary metabolites from three Searsia species (Searsia glauca, S. lucida, and S. laevigata) were conducted using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques and afforded five known terpenes, viz., moronic acid (1), 21β-hydroxylolean-12-en-3-one (2), lupeol (11), α-amyrin (9), and β-amyrin (10), in addition to six known flavonoids, myricetin-3-O-β-galactopyranoside (3), rutin (4), quercetin (5), apigenin (6), amentoflavone (7), and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside (8). The structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was determined based on NMR (1D and 2D) and comparison with the data in the literature. Biological assays, such as antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activity assays, were conducted on the plant extracts and the isolated compounds. The antioxidant capacities of hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and butanol main extracts were investigated using ferric ion reducing power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. The results showed high antioxidant activities for methanol and butanol extracts of the three plants. The isolated compounds were tested against alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase, and the results showed the potent activity of moronic acid (C1) (IC50 10.62 ± 0.89 and 20.08 ± 0.56 µg/mL, respectively) and amentoflavone (C7) (IC50 5.57 ± 1.12 µg/mL and 19.84 ± 1.33 µg/mL, respectively). Isolated compounds of and biological assays for S. glauca, S. lucida, and S. laevigata are reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mkhuseli Koki
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7538, South Africa
| | - Masande Yalo
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7538, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Masixole Makhaba
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7538, South Africa
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Ndikho Nako
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7538, South Africa
| | - Fanie Rautenbach
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Jelili A. Badmus
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Jeanine Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Wilfred T. Mabusela
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7538, South Africa
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Chemical Markers and Pharmacological Characters of Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oil from Palestine. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27175721. [PMID: 36080486 PMCID: PMC9457828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pelargonium graveolens leaves are widely used in traditional medicine for relieving some cardiovascular, dental, gastrointestinal, and respiratory disorders. They are also used as food and tea additives in Palestine and many other countries. Consequently, this investigation aimed to describe the chemical markers, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, metabolic, and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes inhibitory characteristics of P. graveolens essential oil (PGEO) from Palestine utilizing reference methods. There were 70 chemicals found in the GCMS analysis, and oxygenated terpenoids were the most abundant group of the total PGEO. Citronellol (24.44%), citronellyl formate (15.63%), γ-eudesmol (7.60%), and iso-menthone (7.66%) were the dominant chemical markers. The EO displayed strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 3.88 ± 0.45 µg/mL) and weak lipase and α-amylase suppressant effects. Notably, the PGEO displayed high α-glucosidase inhibitory efficacy compared with Acarbose, with IC50 doses of 52.44 ± 0.29 and 37.15 ± 0.33 µg/mL, respectively. PGEO remarkably repressed the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), even more than Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin, and strongly inhibited Candida albicans compared with Fluconazole. The highest cytotoxic effect of the PGEO was noticed against MCF-7, followed by Hep3B and HeLa cancer cells, with IC50 doses of 32.71 ± 1.25, 40.71 ± 1.89, and 315.19 ± 20.5 µg/mL, respectively, compared with doxorubicin. Moreover, the screened EO demonstrated selective inhibitory activity against COX-1 (IC50 = 14.03 µg/mL). Additionally, PGEO showed a weak suppressant effect on COX-2 (IC50 = 275.97 µg/mL). The current research can be considered the most comprehensive investigation of the chemical and pharmacological characterization of the PGEO. The results obtained in this study demonstrate, without doubt, that this plant represents a rich source of bioactive substances that can be further investigated and authenticated for their medicinal potential.
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İLGÜN S, KÖNGÜL ŞAFAK E, AKÇAKAYA MUTLU S, ŞEKER KARATOPRAK G. Evaluation of Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and Antidiabetic Effects of Single Bulb Black Garlic Extracts. İSTANBUL GELIŞIM ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.38079/igusabder.1079039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaç: Allium sativum L. (Sarımsak) bitkisinin belli bir derecede nem ve sıcaklık ile işlem görmesi sonucu, elde edilen fermente ürün tek diş siyah sarımsağın biyoaktivitesinin tespit edilmesi amaçlandı.Yöntem: Çalışmada, siyah sarımsak dişlerinin etanol ve su ekstresi hazırlandı, yine ayrılan kabuk kısımları da etanol ile ekstre edilerek, DPPH● ve ABTS●+ radikalini süpürücü etki tayin yöntemi ile antioksidan aktivitesi değerlendirildi. In vitro α-amilaz inhibisyon testi ile antidiyabetik aktivitesi belirlendi. MTT yöntemi kullanılarak ekstrelerin Colo-205 hücrelerinde sitotoksik etkisi tayin edildi.Bulgular: Siyah sarımsak ekstrelerinden kabuk ekstresi (A.S.K EtOH) en yüksek toplam fenol (61,40±0,48 mgGA/gekstre) ve toplam flavonoit (26,08±0,37 mgCA/gekstre) içeriğine sahip ekstre olarak tespit edildi. Ayrıca, 4mg/mL konsantrasyonda A.S. SU ekstresi DPPH● radikalini süpürücü aktivitesi (% inhibisyonu 64,66±1,94) en yüksek ekstre olarak tespit edilirken, A.S.K EtOH ekstresi 4mg/mL’de ABTS radikalini süpürücü aktivitesi en yüksek ekstre (2,44±0,16mmol/L/Trolox) olarak bulundu. İnsan kolorektal kanser hücre hattı Colo-205’te sitotoksik etkisi değerlendirilen ekstrelerden, S.K EtOH ekstresinin 1000-250 µg/mL konsantrasyon aralığında diğer ekstrelere oranla en fazla sitotoksik etki gösteren ekstre olduğu belirlendi. Ekstrelerden hiçbiri akarbozun pozitif kontrol olarak kullanıldığı α-amilaz inhibiyon testine göre antidiyabetik aktivite gösteremedi.Sonuç: Sonuçlar son yıllarda oldukça popüler olan siyah sarımsağın biyolojik aktivitelerine dair ön çalışma verileridir. Elde edilen verilere göre siyah sarımsağın aktif bileşenlerinin daha detaylı bir şekilde çalışılması ve siyah sarımsak elde etme ve saklama yöntemlerinin daha detaylı araştırılması gerekmektedir. Böylelikle tıbbi açıdan oldukça büyük öneme sahip bir bitkinin fermente halinin kullanımı ve faydaları ile ilgili umut vaat edici sonuçlar elde edilebilir.
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Assessment of Antidiabetic Potential and Phytochemical Profiling of Viscum album, a Traditional Antidiabetic Plant. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5691379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional antidiabetic plant Viscum album (V. album) was collected from the oak plant in the wild at Maidan, Khyber District, of Pakistan, for assessment of its antidiabetic potential and phytochemical profile. Lowering of blood glucose level, antioxidant effect, lipids profile, liver function marker enzymes, and kidney function markers were evaluated in extract and glibenclamide treated groups, in normal as well as in diabetic control groups. An elevated level of blood glucose level, lipids (Cholesterol, TG, LDL), liver function marker enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), and kidney function markers (bilirubin, creatinine, urea) were observed in alloxan-induced diabetic rats; however, a HDL level was decreased. Administration of V. album hydroalcoholic extract for 28 days renovated significantly (
) all the above biochemical parameters. The antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GPX were also considerably restored. In vitro, antioxidant assay indicated that the extract of 2,000 µg/mL scavenges free radicals of DPPH 68.4%, ABTS 69.5%, and H2O2 50.6%. The extracts revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpene, tannins, phenols, protein, amino acids, sterols, and glycosides. The extract has shown phenolic contents 421 ± 4.8 mg GAE/100 g d. w and flavonoids content 127 ± 1.4 mg equiv. Rut/100 g d. w. The findings of this research recommend V. album could be a potent source of natural antidiabetic constituents.
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Oyewusi HA, Wu YS, Safi SZ, Wahab RA, Hatta MHM, Batumalaie K. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the inhibitory mechanism of Withanolide A against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-16. [PMID: 35904027 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2104375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. The unsavory severe gastrointestinal side-effects of synthetic drugs to regulate hyperglycemia have warranted the search for alternative treatments to inhibit the carbohydrate digestive enzymes (e.g. α-amylase and α-glucosidase). Certain phytochemicals recently captured the scientific community's attention as carbohydrate digestive enzyme inhibitors due to their low toxicity and high efficacy, specifically the Withanolides-loaded extract of Withania somnifera. That said, the present study evaluated in silico the efficacy of Withanolide A in targeting both α-amylase and α-glucosidase in comparison to the synthetic drug Acarbose. Protein-ligand interactions, binding affinity, and stability were characterized using pharmacological profiling, high-end molecular docking, and molecular-dynamic simulation. Withanolide A inhibited the activity of α-glucosidase and α-amylase better, exhibiting good pharmacokinetic properties, absorption, and metabolism. Also, Withanolide A was minimally toxic, with higher bioavailability. Interestingly, Withanolide A bonded well to the active site of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, yielding the lowest binding free energy of -82.144 ± 10.671 kcal/mol and -102.1043 ± 11.231 kcal/mol compared to the Acarbose-enzyme complexes (-63.220 ± 13.283 kcal/mol and -82.148 ± 10.671 kcal/mol). Hence, the findings supported the therapeutic potential of Withanolide A as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor for DM treatment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habeebat Adekilekun Oyewusi
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.,Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.,Department of Science Technology, Biochemistry unit, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Yuan-Seng Wu
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Sher Zaman Safi
- IRCBM, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Kalaivani Batumalaie
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Asia Metropolitan University, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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Ji N, Liu P, Zhang N, Yang S, Zhang M. Comparison on Bioactivities and Characteristics of Polysaccharides From Four Varieties of Gastrodia elata Blume. Front Chem 2022; 10:956724. [PMID: 35936076 PMCID: PMC9353053 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.956724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition, physicochemical properties, in vitro biological activity, and hypoglycemic activity exhibited by polysaccharides from four varieties of G. elata were investigated in this study; the four extracted GaE polysaccharides were termed as GaE-B (G. elata Bl. f. glauca S. chow polysaccharides), GaE-R (G. elata Bl. f. elata polysaccharides), GaE-Hyb (hybridization of G. elata Bl. f. glauca S. chow and G. elata Bl. f. elata polysaccharides), and GaE-G (G. elata Bl. f. viridis Makino polysaccharides). As revealed by the results, the GaE polysaccharides were found with the same monosaccharide composition, primarily including glucose, whereas the content of each variety was significantly different. In addition, different degrees of differences were found in the in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity, molecular weight, yield, and chemical composition exhibited by the abovementioned varieties. However, GaE-B and GaE-Hyb were found with similar physical properties, chemical composition, and antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity. GaE-R had the lowest yield, total sugar content, and molecular weight, whereas it involved higher xylose, binding protein, and polyphenols as well as higher antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity. In contrast, GaE-G was found with the highest yield, total sugar content, and molecular weight, whereas it contained the lowest xylose, binding protein, and polyphenols, as well as the weakest antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity. In brief, the polysaccharide of G. elata, a plant resource for homology of medicine and food, could more significantly enhance the biological activity of G. elata as it was released in the process of decocting and stewing. To be specific, the assessment of polysaccharide activity alone suggested that GaE-R was the best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ji
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering(CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Dejiang Lvtong Gastrodia elata Development Co., Ltd., Tongren, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shengyan Yang
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering(CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Mingsheng Zhang,
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DELİORMAN ORHAN D, PEKACAR S, ULUTAŞ OK, ÖZÜPEK B, SÜMMEOĞLU D, BERKKAN A. Assessment of Commercially Safflower Oils (Carthami Oleum Raffinatum) in Terms of European Pharmacopoeia Criteria and Their Weight Control Potentials. Turk J Pharm Sci 2022; 19:273-279. [DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.84484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Khalid MF, Rehman K, Irshad K, Chohan TA, Akash MSH. Biochemical Investigation of Inhibitory Activities of Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds Against Carbohydrate and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Metabolizing Enzymes. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221093275. [PMID: 35574252 PMCID: PMC9099060 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221093275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of current study was to investigate the inhibitory activities of
resveratrol and taxifolin against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and DPP-IV enzymes
via in vitro analysis which was further
validated by in silico studies. The analysis of molecular
docking was also done to determine the binding capabilities of resveratrol and
taxifolin with α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and DPP-IV enzymes. Resveratrol and
taxifolin having IC50 values, 47.93 ± 5.21 μM and 45.86 ± 3.78 μM, respectively, showed weaker effect than acarbose (4.6 ± 1.26
μM) on α-amylase but showed significant effect to inhibit
α-glucosidase (32.23 ± .556 μM and 31.26 ± .556 μM, respectively). IC50 value of resveratrol and
taxifolin (5.638 ± .0016 μM and 6.691 ± .004 μM) in comparison to diprotin A (IC50: 7.21 ± .021
μM) showed that they have significant inhibitory effect on DPP-IV
enzyme. Our results illustrated that resveratrol and taxifolin have potential to
prevent the metabolism of carbohydrates via inhibition of
α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and prolongs metabolic function of incretin by
inhibiting the enzymatic activity of DPP-IV. The results of molecular docking
have also revealed that resveratrol and taxifolin have significant affinity to
bind with α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and DPP-IV in comparison with standard drugs
such as acarbose, miglitol, and diprotin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fiaz Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Irshad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ali Chohan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Sher N, Ahmed M, Mushtaq N, Khan RA. Enhancing antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antialzheimer performance of
Hippeastrum hybridum
(L.) using silver nanoparticles. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naila Sher
- Department of Biotechnology University of Science and Technology Bannu‐KPK Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology University of Science and Technology Bannu‐KPK Pakistan
| | - Nadia Mushtaq
- Department of Botany University of Science and Technology Bannu‐KPK Pakistan
| | - Rahmat Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology University of Science and Technology Bannu‐KPK Pakistan
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Meng D, Yang Y, Li L, Qian X, Wang Q, Xu J, Zhao H, Liu H, Xiao H, Ding Z. Immunomodulatory effects of Blaps rynchopetera extract. Acta Cir Bras 2022; 37:e370205. [PMID: 35507969 PMCID: PMC9064186 DOI: 10.1590/acb370205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To explore the potential immunomodulatory effects of total extract and different polar parts from Blaps rynchopetera Fairmaire. Methods: Phagocytic activity was evaluated by neutral red assay, and the effect of the immune function was investigated by normal and immunocompromised mice models. Results: In vitro, total extract, as well as chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water fractions could individually enhance the phagocytic ability of mouse peritoneal macrophages; in addition, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions had an increasing tendency when combined stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In vivo, ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) could enhance the immune organ index, increase the serum hemolysin level and peripheral blood immune cells of immunocompromised mice, while for normal mice, the effect was inconspicuous. Conclusions: Blaps rynchopetera extracts had noteworthy immunomodulatory effect, especially for individuals with immune disorders.
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Etlingera elatior Flower Aqueous Extract Protects against Oxidative Stress-Induced Nephropathy in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2814196. [PMID: 35502173 PMCID: PMC9056225 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2814196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known systemic disease with increasing global prevalence and multi-organ complications including diabetic nephropathy (DN). The trend of using medicinal plants in the management of DM is increasing exponentially. Etlingera elatior is a medicinal plant that contains chemicals and antioxidants that delay the oxidation process. However, available data focusing on its use on DN are inconsistent and scarce. This study aims to investigate the antidiabetic and nephroprotective effects of E. elatior flower aqueous extract (EEAE) in a type 2 DM rat (T2DR) model. The T2DR model was developed using a combination of a high-fat diet (HFD) and a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) at 35 mg/kg. Thirty-two Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): (1) control (normal rat), (2) T2DR (untreated-type 2 diabetic rat), (3) Met (250 mg/kg metformin-treated T2DR), and (4) EEAE (1000 mg/kg EEAE-treated T2DR). All treatments were administered orally for 6 weeks. EEAE significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG), microalbuminuria, serum creatinine, and serum blood urea nitrogen. EEAE also reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and enhanced the levels of antioxidant markers—superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). The inflammatory marker (interleukin (IL)-6) and fibrosis markers (transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)) were significantly decreased in the EEAE-treated group. The T2DR group developed DN, which was characterized by segmental sclerosis of the glomeruli associated with focal tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Interestingly, the histology of kidney tissue in the EEAE group was preserved. This effect was similar to that of the control drug metformin. In summary, the antidiabetic and nephroprotective effects might be related to the antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory effects of the EEAE. The antidiabetic activity could be due to the presence of the active compound cyanidin-3-O-glycosides, which is an anthocyanin antioxidant, that is present in the EEAE. E. elatior has the potential to be developed as a natural source of antioxidants that can be used for the prevention or even the treatment of DM. These findings could lead to future research into the therapeutic use of E. elatior in alleviating the progression of DM and thus preventing nephropathy.
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Benvenutti L, Zielinski AAF, Ferreira SRS. Pressurized aqueous solutions of deep eutectic solvent (DES): A green emergent extraction of anthocyanins from a Brazilian berry processing by-product. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100236. [PMID: 35498972 PMCID: PMC9040022 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PLE using DES aqueous solutions is an eco-friendly method for anthocyanin recovery. Pressurized DES solutions can be used to valorize the jaboticaba by-product. DES (ChCl:Pro and ChCl:Ma) solutions had yields 50% higher than conventional solvents. Recovered extracts showed antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity potential. Pressurized ChCl:Ma solution maintained the color and bioactivity of the extracts.
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are emergent solvents with high extractability of bioactive compounds. Therefore, anthocyanin rich-fractions were recovered from jaboticaba peels by combining aqueous solutions of DES and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). The extraction occurred at 10 MPa, 12 min, with conditions optimized through response surface methodology: 47% DES concentration, 90 °C, and 5.3 mL/min flow rate. PLE with different DES (choline chloride combined with propylene glycol or malic acid) solutions were compared to conventional solvents (water and acidified water) concerning yield, thermostability, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity activities. DES solutions presented anthocyanin yields up to 50% higher than conventional solvents. ChCl:Ma, with the highest anthocyanin stability (Ea = 77.5 kJ.mol−1), was a promising solvent concerning color, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity potential. Environmental analysis by Green Certificate and EcoScale indicated PLE with DES solutions is a green and efficient approach to recover anthocyanin from jaboticaba peel, providing useful extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Benvenutti
- Chemical and Food Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, C.P. 476, 88040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Regina Salvador Ferreira
- Chemical and Food Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, C.P. 476, 88040-900, Brazil
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Dzydzan O, Brodyak I, Strugała-Danak P, Strach A, Kucharska AZ, Gabrielska J, Sybirna N. Biological Activity of Extracts of Red and Yellow Fruits of Cornus mas L.-An In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity, Inhibitory Activity against α-Glucosidase, Acetylcholinesterase, and Binding Capacity to Human Serum Albumin. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072244. [PMID: 35408646 PMCID: PMC9000679 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although extracts are broadly used in order to support the treatment of numerous diseases, only in a limited number of cases is the process of applying and establishing their mechanisms of action scientifically analyzed. Fruits of Cornelian cherry are an abundant source of iridoids, anthocyanins, flavonols and phenolic acids. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro bioactivity of red and yellow Cornelian cherry fruits’ extracts. The biological potential of extracts, in a broad sense, involved antioxidant activity in relation to phosphatidylcholine liposomes, inhibitory ability against α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes, as well as interactions with human serum albumin. Studies showed that both extracts were more effective in protecting liposome membranes against free radicals produced by AAPH in an aqueous environment due to the fact that they can be better eliminated by the hydrophilic components of the extracts than those produced by UVB radiation. Extracts exhibited inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase, wherein loganic acid extract showed noncompetitive inhibition of the enzyme. Moreover, extracts binded to albumin mainly through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. Taken together, red and yellow cherry fruits’ extracts exhibit diverse biological properties and can be exploited as a source of natural therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Dzydzan
- Department of Biochemistry, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 4 Hrushevskyi St., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine; (O.D.); (I.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Iryna Brodyak
- Department of Biochemistry, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 4 Hrushevskyi St., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine; (O.D.); (I.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Paulina Strugała-Danak
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.S.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-320-5461
| | - Angelika Strach
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Alicja Z. Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, J. Chełmońskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Janina Gabrielska
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Natalia Sybirna
- Department of Biochemistry, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 4 Hrushevskyi St., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine; (O.D.); (I.B.); (N.S.)
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Mazumder K, Biswas B, Al Mamun A, Billah H, Abid A, Sarkar KK, Saha B, Azom S, Kerr PG. Investigations of AGEs' inhibitory and nephroprotective potential of ursolic acid towards reduction of diabetic complications. J Nat Med 2022; 76:490-503. [PMID: 35032247 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In diabetes, interactions between AGEs (advanced glycation end products) and RAGEs (receptors of AGEs) are responsible for chronic complications and the current work reports the potential of ursolic acid as a RAGE inhibitor. The three-dimensional crystal structure of RAGE was first docked with target molecules by 'AutodockVina' using GROMOS 96 4381 parameters. Druggability and pharmacokinetic properties were calculated from the SwissADME server. In vitro bovine serum albumin (BSA)-glucose fluorescence and BSA-methylglyoxal fluorescence assays were also performed. Finally, alloxan-induced diabetic mice were administered ursolic acid and metformin standards (at 1, 50, 100 mg/kg) for 50 days. Blood glucose levels, several blood parameters, blood lipid profiles, supernatants of homogenized kidney and plasma of mice were examined. In the computational study, ursolic acid showed greater binding affinity (-7.5 kcal/mol) for RAGE with an ADMET profiles and lead-likeness compared to metformin as a standard antidiabetic. In the in vitro fluorescence assays, the IC50 value for ursolic acid was much less than that of metformin standard. During the in vivo study, significant reduction in the levels of blood glucose, HbA1C (glycated hemoglobin), creatinine, uric acid, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase) were observed in the ursolic acid and metformin-treated mice. Substantial inhibition of AGEs' formation in the plasma and kidney were also detected. Finally, the histopathological examinations of the kidney revealed reversal of cellular necrosis. Hence, ursolic acid is proved to be a potent AGE inhibitory agent in managing the diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Mazumder
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
- School of Dentistry and BioMedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Booroma St, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Medicine University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Biswajit Biswas
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Billah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Ahsan Abid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Kishore Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Bisti Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Shorrowar Azom
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Philip G Kerr
- School of Dentistry and BioMedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Booroma St, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
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Pekacar S, Deliorman Orhan D. Investigation of Antidiabetic Effect of Pistacia atlantica Leaves by Activity-Guided Fractionation and Phytochemical Content Analysis by LC-QTOF-MS. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:826261. [PMID: 35281888 PMCID: PMC8913898 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.826261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the antidiabetic, antiobesity, antioxidant, and antihyperlipidemic effects potential of Pistacia atlantica Desf. leaves were evaluated by in vitro methods. The effects of the leaves of the plant on pancreatic lipase, pancreatic cholesterol esterase, and PTP1B enzymes were investigated for the first time and it was observed that leaf methanol extract (IC50: 123.67 ± 0.40 μg/ml) and n-hexane sub-extract (IC50: 61.03 ± 0.11 μg/ml) had much stronger effects on pancreatic cholesterol esterase enzyme than simvastatin (IC50: 142.30 ± 5.67 μg/ml). The methanolic extract of P. atlantica leaves exerted strong inhibitory effect on the enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) effective on carbohydrate digestion. It was thought that the methanol extract could provide significant benefits against oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus since it showed antioxidant activities (DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power) as strong as reference compounds (ascorbic acid and quercetin). Qualitative and quantitative analyzes of rutin (0.328 ± 0.000 g/100 g dry extract), methyl gallate (5.245 ± 0.014 g/100 g dry extract), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (0.231 ± 0.000 g/100 g dry extract), and gallic acid (0.528 ± 0.127 g/100 g dry extract) in methanol extract were performed by RP-HPLC. The phytochemical content of the active sub-fraction obtained from the leaf methanol extract by activity-guided fractionation and column chromatography studies was characterized by LC-QTOF-MS. The presence of trigalloylglucose, digalloylglucose, and methyl gallate in the G6 coded sub-fraction obtained by chromatographic techniques from the ethyl acetate sub-extract, which has the highest inhibitory effect on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, was determined by LC-QTOF-MS. In addition to the G5 coded subfraction, a strong α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity was also observed in the G6 coded sub-fraction, and methyl gallate, methyl digallate, 2″-O-galloyl-quercetin-3-O-hexoside, and myricetin-3-O-hexoside were identified in this sub-fraction. This study displayed that the methanol extract of P. atlantica leaves could be a potential source for bioactive compounds with antidiabetic effects by showing inhibitory effects on enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion.
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Yang M, Jiang Z, Wen M, Wu Z, Zha M, Xu W, Zhang L. Chemical Variation of Chenpi (Citrus Peels) and Corresponding Correlated Bioactive Compounds by LC-MS Metabolomics and Multibioassay Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:825381. [PMID: 35284442 PMCID: PMC8905505 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.825381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The peel of Citrus reticulata “Chachi” (CP) possesses various health-promoting benefits and is not only one of the most famous Chinese herbal medicine, but also an ingredient in fermented foods. In the present study, the effects of storage years (1-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, and 11-years) on the chemical profiling and potential bioactive compounds of CP were compared by metabolomics and in vitro bioactivity analysis. With the increase of storage time, the content of hesperidin significantly decreased, but nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone, and tangeretin were increased. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity of CP was enhanced. Phenolic acids, flavonol glycosides, fatty acids, and alkyl glycosides were marker compounds that were responsible for distinguishing the storage time of CP. Correlation analysis suggested that some polyphenols including quercetin-glucoside, quinic acid, trihydroxydimethoxyflavone, and rutin were potential antioxidant compounds in CP. The dichloromethane and n-butanol fractions showed the better antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effects on glucose-hydrolysis enzymes. They mainly contained ferulic acid, nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone, kaempferol, and hesperidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zongde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingchun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Zhenfeng Wu
| | - Minyu Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen Xu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Zhang
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Ren S, Wan Y, Zhu X, Liu Z, Zhao W, Xie D, Wang S. Influence of gardenia yellow on in vitro slow starch digestion and its action mechanism. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6738-6747. [PMID: 35424638 PMCID: PMC8982096 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08276k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the influence of gardenia yellow on in vitro wheat starch digestion. The influence of gardenia yellow on the digestion properties of starch was determined through in vitro digestion, and its action mechanism on slow starch digestion was revealed by laser scanning confocal microscopy, enzymatic inhibition dynamics, and other means of characterization. Results showed that gardenia yellow could inhibit starch digestion, significantly increase the resistant starch and slowly digestible starch contents in starch (P < 0.05), and trigger the decrease in glycemic and hydrolysis indices. Furthermore, gardenia yellow could spontaneously bind to the catalytic sites of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, affect their secondary structures through vdW force and hydrophobic interaction, and reduce their catalytic abilities to inhibit the digestion process of wheat starch. Therefore, the interactions of gardenia yellow with starch and digestive enzymes jointly promote the slow digestion of starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuncheng Ren
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China +86-371-67789817 +86-371-67758018 +86-371-68883238 +86-371-67758018
| | - Yi Wan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China +86-371-67789817 +86-371-67758018 +86-371-68883238 +86-371-67758018
| | - Xiaoai Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China +86-371-67789817 +86-371-67758018 +86-371-68883238 +86-371-67758018
| | - Zelong Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China +86-371-67789817 +86-371-67758018 +86-371-68883238 +86-371-67758018
| | - Wenhong Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China +86-371-67789817 +86-371-67758018 +86-371-68883238 +86-371-67758018
| | - Dongdong Xie
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China +86-371-67789817 +86-371-67758018 +86-371-68883238 +86-371-67758018
| | - Shenli Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China +86-371-67789817 +86-371-67758018 +86-371-68883238 +86-371-67758018
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Isolation, Identification and Pharmacological Effects of Mandragora autumnalis Fruit Flavonoids Fraction. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031046. [PMID: 35164311 PMCID: PMC8838059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, Mandragora autumnalis has been used as a traditional medicinal plant for the treatment of numerous ailments. In light of this, the current study was designed to isolate and identify the chemical constituents of the flavonoids fraction from M. autumnalis ripe fruit (FFM), and evaluate its DPPH scavenging, anti-lipase, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and antidiabetic effects. An ethyl acetate extract of M. autumnalis was subjected to a sequence of silica gel column chromatography using different eluents with various polarities. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified using different spectral techniques, including 1H NMR and 13C NMR. FFM's anti-diabetic activity was assessed using a glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) translocation assay, as well as an inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase using standard biochemical assays. The FFM anti-lipase effect against porcine pancreatic lipase was also evaluated. Moreover, FFM free radical scavenging activity using the DPPH test and antimicrobial properties against eight microbial strains using the micro-dilution method were also assessed. Four flavonoid aglycones were separated from FFM and their chemical structures were identified. The structures of the isolated compounds were established as kaempferol 1, luteolin 2, myricetin 3 and (+)-taxifolin 4, based on NMR spectroscopic analyses. The cytotoxicity test results showed high cell viability (at least 90%) for up to 1 mg/mL concentration of FFM, which is considered to be safe. A dose-dependent increase in GLUT4 translocation was significantly shown (p < 0.05) when the muscle cells were treated with FFM up to 0.5 mg/mL. Moreover, FFM revealed potent α-amylase, α-glucosidase, DPPH scavenging and porcine pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities compared with the positive controls, with IC50 values of 72.44 ± 0.89, 39.81 ± 0.74, 5.37 ± 0.41 and 39.81 ± 1.23 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, FFM inhibited the growth of all of the tested bacterial and fungal strains and showed the greatest antibacterial activity against the K. pneumoniae strain with a MIC value of 0.135 µg/mL. The four flavonoid molecules that constitute the FFM have been shown to have medicinal promise. Further in vivo testing and formulation design are needed to corroborate these findings, which are integral to the pharmaceutical and food supplement industries.
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P L, Vallinayagam S, Pal K, A S, Ramar S. Growth dynamics of sodium nitrate incorporated acetamide crystal'sbiomedicinal profile: Anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant activities. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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48
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Arifa A, Gillanib SR, Hussainc H. Eleocharis Dulcis Individually and in Combination with Brassica Rapa as a Best Cure of Diabetes with Zero Side Effect. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Arifa
- Department of Chemistry University of Engineering & Technology Lahore Pakistan
| | | | - Habib Hussainc
- Department of Chemistry University of Engineering & Technology Lahore Pakistan
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Yoon S, Cho H, Nam Y, Park M, Lim A, Kim JH, Park J, Kim W. Multifunctional Probiotic and Functional Properties of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LRCC5314, Isolated from Kimchi. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:72-80. [PMID: 34750286 PMCID: PMC9628831 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2109.09025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the survival capacity (acid and bile salt tolerance, and adhesion to gut epithelial cells) and probiotic properties (enzyme activity-inhibition and anti-inflammatory activities, inhibition of adipogenesis, and stress hormone level reduction) of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LRCC5314, isolated from kimchi (Korean traditional fermented cabbage), were investigated. LRCC5314 exhibited very stable survival at ph 2.0 and in 0.2% bile acid with 89.9% adhesion to Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells after treatment for 2 h. LRCC5314 also inhibited the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, which are involved in elevating postprandial blood glucose levels, by approximately 72.9% and 51.2%, respectively. Treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with the LRCC5314 lysate decreased the levels of the inflammatory factors nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and interferon-γ by 88.5%, 49.3%, 97.2%, and 99.8%, respectively, relative to those of the cells treated with LPS alone. LRCC5314 also inhibited adipogenesis in differentiating preadipocytes (3T3-L1 cells), showing a 14.7% decrease in lipid droplet levels and a 74.0% decrease in triglyceride levels, as well as distinct reductions in the mRNA expression levels of adiponectin, FAS, PPAR/γ, C/EBPα, TNF-α, and IL-6. Moreover, LRCC5314 reduced the level of cortisol, a hormone with important effect on stress, by approximately 35.6% in H295R cells. L. plantarum LRCC5314 is identified as a new probiotic with excellent in vitro multifunctional properties. Subsequent in vivo studies may further demonstrate its potential as a functional food or pharmabiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokmin Yoon
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Lotte R&D Center, Seoul 07594, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjun Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Lotte R&D Center, Seoul 07594, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Nam
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Miri Park
- Lotte R&D Center, Seoul 07594, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyoung Lim
- Lotte R&D Center, Seoul 07594, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwa Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Wonyong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Polarity Directed Appraisal of Pharmacological Potential and HPLC-DAD Based Phytochemical Profiling of Polygonum glabrum Willd. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020474. [PMID: 35056790 PMCID: PMC8780185 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate polarity-dependent extraction efficiency and pharmacological profiling of Polygonum glabrum Willd. Crude extracts of leaves, roots, stems, and seeds, prepared from solvents of varying polarities, were subjected to phytochemical, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, and cytotoxicity assays. Maximum extraction yield (20.0% w/w) was observed in the case of an acetone:methanol (AC:M) root extract. Distilled water:methanol (W:M) leaves extract showed maximum phenolic contents. Maximum flavonoid content and free radical scavenging potential were found in methanolic (M) seed extract. HPLC-DAD quantification displayed the manifestation of substantial quantities of quercetin, rutin, gallic acid, quercetin, catechin, and kaempferol in various extracts. The highest ascorbic acid equivalent total antioxidant capacity and reducing power potential was found in distilled water roots and W:M leaf extracts, respectively. Chloroform (C) seeds extract produced a maximum zone of inhibition against Salmonella typhimurium. Promising protein kinase inhibition and antifungal activity against Mucor sp. were demonstrated by C leaf extract. AC:M leaves extract exhibited significant cytotoxic capability against brine shrimp larvae and α-amylase inhibition. Present results suggest that the nature of pharmacological responses depends upon the polarity of extraction solvents and parts of the plant used. P. glabrum can be considered as a potential candidate for the isolation of bioactive compounds with profound therapeutic importance.
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